Umbuzo:
Ngifuna ulwazi olwengeziwe nge-Hypertension kanye ne-fibromyalgia, ngibonakala njalo ngithola kuphela izihloko ngesifo sikashukela kanti anginaso lesi sifo. Ngiyakuthokozela ukufunda ulwazi lwamanje olunikezwayo. Ngiyabonga [IGAMA]

Impendulo:
Umfutho wegazi uyisilinganiso samandla acindezeleka ezindongeni zemithambo yakho yegazi njengoba inhliziyo yakho ipompa igazi iye emzimbeni wakho. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (hypertension) yigama elisetshenziswa ukuchaza umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Ukufundwa komfutho wegazi kunikezwa njengezinombolo ezimbili. Inombolo engaphezulu ibizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi we-systolic (uma inhliziyo ishaya). Inombolo engezansi ibizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi we-diastolic (uma inhliziyo iphumula). Isibonelo, 120 ngaphezu kuka-80 (kubhalwa njenge-120/80 mmHg, lapho mmHg ikhombisa isilinganiso somfutho wegazi). Enye noma zombili lezi zinombolo zingaba phezulu kakhulu. (Qaphela: Lezi zinombolo zisebenza kubantu abangathathi imithi yomfutho wegazi futhi abangaguli.)

- Umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile kungaba lapho umfutho wegazi wakho ungaphansi kuka-120/80 mmHg isikhathi esiningi.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (hypertension) kungaba lapho umfutho wegazi wakho ungu-140/90 mmHg noma ngaphezulu isikhathi esiningi.
- Uma izinombolo zomfutho wegazi wakho zingu-120/80 noma ngaphezulu, kodwa zingaphansi kuka-140/90, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi osendleleni yokuba phezulu (pre-hypertension).

Uma unezinkinga zenhliziyo noma zezinso, noma uke washaywa yisifo ohlangothi, udokotela wakho angafuna ukuthi umfutho wegazi wakho ube phansi kakhulu kunalowo wabantu abangenalezi zimo.


Umbuzo:
Ngifuna ulwazi olwengeziwe ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-fibromyalgia (isifo sezinhlungu emzimbeni wonke), kubonakala ngithola kuphela izihloko ngesifo sikashukela, engingenawo. Ngiyakujabulela ukufunda ulwazi lwamanje. Ngiyabonga [IGAMA]

Impendulo:
Isifinyezo  Umfutho wegazi uyingcindezi yegazi lakho elicindezela izindonga zemithambo yakho. Njalo uma inhliziyo yakho ishaya, ipompa igazi liye emithanjeni. Umfutho wegazi lakho uphakeme kakhulu uma inhliziyo yakho ishaya, ipompa igazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-systolic pressure. Uma inhliziyo yakho iphumule, phakathi kwemishayelo, umfutho wegazi lakho uyehla. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-diastolic pressure. Ukufundwa komfutho wegazi lakho kusebenzisa lezi zinombolo ezimbili. Ngokuvamile inombolo ye-systolic ifika ngaphambi noma ngaphezulu kwenombolo ye-diastolic. Ukufundwa komfutho wegazi kwe- - 119/79 noma ngaphansi kuyumfutho wegazi ojwayelekile - 140/90 noma ngaphezulu kungumfutho wegazi ophakeme - Phakathi kwe-120 ne-139 enombolweni ephezulu, noma phakathi kwe-80 ne-89 enombolweni engaphansi kubizwa ngokuthi i-prehypertension (isimo esingaphambili somfutho wegazi ophakeme). I-prehypertension isho ukuthi ungagcina unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ngaphandle uma uthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela lokho. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokuvamile awunazimpawu, kodwa ungabanga izinkinga ezinzima njengokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nokuphela kwezinso. Ungalawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokusebenzisa imikhuba yempilo enempilo njengokuzivocavoca kanye nohlelo lokudla lwe-DASH (Izindlela Zokudla Zokumisa Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme) kanye nokuthatha imithi, uma kudingeka.  NIH: Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Senhliziyo, Amaphaphu, neGazi


Umbuzo:
Ngifuna ulwazi olwengeziwe ngesifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nefibromyalgia, kubonakala sengathi ngithola kuphela izihloko ngesifo sikashukela kanti anginaso lesi sifo. Ngiyakuthokozela ukufunda ulwazi lwamanje olukhona. Ngiyabonga [IGAMA]

Impendulo:
I-Fibromyalgia isindrome ejwayelekile lapho umuntu eba nobuhlungu isikhathi eside kakhulu, obusakazeke emzimbeni wonke jikelele. Ubuhlungu buvamise ukuhambisana nokukhathala, izinkinga zokulala, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukudangala, kanye nokwesaba. Abantu abane-fibromyalgia bangaba nokuzwela kanye nobuhlungu emazweni, emisipheni, emithambo kanye nakwamathishu athambile emzimbeni.


Umbuzo:
Ngifuna ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuphakama komfutho wegazi (Hypertension) kanye nesifo sokuqaqamba kwezicubu zomzimba (fibromyalgia), ngibonakala ngithola kuphela izihloko eziphathelene nesifo sikashukela kanti anginaso lesi sifo. Ngiyakuthokozela ukufunda ulwazi lwamanje olunikezwayo. Ngiyabonga [IGAMA]. Siyabonga.

Impendulo:
Isifinyezo I-Fibromyalgia yisifo esibangela ubuhlungu bamashubhu nokudangala. Abantu abane-fibromyalgia bane "zindawo ezibuhlungu kakhulu" emzimbeni. Izindawo ezibuhlungu kakhulu yizindawo ezithile entanyeni, emahlombe, emhlane, emakaleni, ezingalweni, nasemilenzeni. Lezi zindawo zibuhlungu uma zidindwa. Abantu abane-fibromyalgia bangaba nezinye izimpawu, ezifana:
- Inkinga yokulala
- Ukuqina kwasekuseni
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda
- Isikhathi sokuya enyangeni esibuhlungu
- Ukuba nobizinyo noma ukungezwa ezandleni nasezinyaweni
- Izinkinga zokucabanga nokukhumbula (ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi "inkungu ye-fibro" - isimo sokungakwazi ukucabanga kahle)
- Ukucindezeleka

Akekho owaziyo ukuthi yini ebangela i-fibromyalgia. Noma ngabe ubani angayithola, kodwa ivame kakhulu kubesifazane asebekhulile. Abantu abane-rheumatoid arthritis nezinye izifo lapho umzimba ulwa nawo bavame kakhulu ukuthola i-fibromyalgia. Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-fibromyalgia, kodwa imithi ingakusiza ukuthi ulawule izimpawu zakho. Ukulala ngokwanele, ukuzivocavoca, nokudla kahle kungasiza futhi.

NIH (Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezempilo): Isikhungo Sikazwelonke se-Arthritis ne-Musculoskeletal neziFo zeSikhumba


Umbuzo:
Umbuzo. Yini umbono ohlanganyelelwe wabodokotela bezokwelapha mayelana nokuthi ingabe i-asthma (isifo somoya) ingukwelashwa? Futhi unayo yini umbhalo oxoxa ngokuthi ingabe i-asthma (isifo somoya) ingukwelashwa?

Impendulo:
Izinhloso zokwelashwa yilezi:
- Ukuqapha ukuvuvukala komgudu womoya
- Ukugwema izinto eziqala izimpawu zakho
- Ukukusiza ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile ngaphandle kwezimpawu ze-asthma

Wena nodokotela wakho kufanele nisebenze njengethimba ukulawula i-asthma yakho. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokuthatha imithi, ukuqeda izinto eziqala i-asthma, nokuqapha izimpawu.

IMITHI YE-ASTHMA
Kunemihlobo emibili yemithi yokwelapha i-asthma:
- Imithi yokulawula ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa
- Imithi yokusiza ngokushesha (yokukhulula) ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlasela

IMITHI YESIKHATHI ESIDE
Le mithi ibizwa ngokuthi imishanguzo yokugcina noma yokulawula. Isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izimpawu kubantu abane-asthma ephakathi noma enzima. Kufanele uyiphuze nsuku zonke ukuze isebenze. Yiphuze ngisho uma uzizwa ulungile. Eminye imithi yesikhathi eside iphefumulwa (ihogelwa), njengama-steroid (imithi yokuqeda ukuvuvukala) nama-beta-agonists (imithi yokuvula imigudu yokuphefumula) esikhathi eside. Eminye ithathwa ngomlomo. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela umuthi ofanele wena.

IMITHI YOKUSIZA NGOKUSHESHA
Le mithi ibizwa ngokuthi imishanguzo yokukhulula. Ithathwa:
- Ngokokhwehlela, ukuhefuzela, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukuhlasela kwe-asthma
- Ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca ukusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu ze-asthma ezidalwa ukuzivocavoca

Tshela udokotela wakho uma usebenzisa imithi yokusiza ngokushesha kabili ngesonto noma ngaphezulu. Uma kunjalo, i-asthma yakho ingahle ingalawuleki kahle futhi udokotela wakho kungenzeka adinge ukushintsha umthamo wakho wemithi yokulawula yansuku zonke.

Imithi yokusiza ngokushesha ifaka:
- Ama-bronchodilator (imithi yokuvula imigudu yokuphefumula) ahogelwayo esikhathi esifushane
- Ama-corticosteroid (imithi enamandla yokuqeda ukuvuvukala) aphuziwe uma une-asthma attack engapheli

Ukuhlasela kwe-asthma okubi kudinga ukuhlolwa ngudokotela. Kungenzeka futhi udinge ukuhlala esibhedlela. Lapho, uzothola i-oxygen, usizo lokuphefumula, nemithi enikezwa ngemithambo (IV).

UKUNAKEKELWA KWE-ASTHMA EKHAYA
- Yazi izimpawu ze-asthma okufanele uziqaphele.
- Yazi ukuthi uthatha kanjani izinga lakho lokuhamba komoya futhi lichaza ukuthini.
- Yazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezenza i-asthma yakho ibe mbi nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma lokhu kwenzeka.
- Yazi ukuthi unakekela kanjani i-asthma yakho uma uzivocavoca.

Izinhlelo zokwenza i-asthma yimibhalo ebhalwe phansi yokulawula i-asthma. Uhlelo lokwenza i-asthma kufanele lufake:
- Imiyalelo yokuthatha imithi ye-asthma uma isimo sakho siqinile
- Uhlu lwezinto eziqala i-asthma nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani
- Indlela yokubona uma i-asthma yakho iba mbi, nokuthi ubize nini udokotela noma unesi

I-peak flow meter yithuluzi elilula lokulinganisa ukuthi ungawusheshisa kangakanani umoya ophuma emaphashini akho.
- Ingakusiza ubone uma ukuhlasela kuza, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezimpawu zingakaveli.
- Ukukalwa kwe-peak flow kusiza ukukwazisa uma udinga ukuthatha umuthi noma esinye isenzo.
- Amanani e-peak flow aphakathi kwengxenye (50%) nengxenye eziyisishiyagalombili kweziyishumi (80%) emiphumeleni yakho emihle ayisiboniso sokuhlasela kwe-asthma okuphakathi nendawo.
- Amanani angaphansi kwengxenye (50%) ayisiboniso sokuhlasela okubi.


Umbuzo:
Umbuzo. Yini ukuvumelana kodokotela mayelana nokuthi ingabe i-asthma (umbefu) ingalapheka? Futhi ingabe unayo indatshana noma umbhalo oxoxa ngokuthi ingabe i-asthma (umbefu) ingalapheka?

Impendulo:
I-asthma yisifo sesikhathi eside esingenalo ukwelapha. Inhloso yokwelashwa kwe-asthma ukusilawula lesi sifo. Ukulawula kahle i-asthma kuzokwenza lokhu:

- Kuvimbele izimpawu ezingaziwa nezinkinga, njengokukhwehlela nokushoda komoya
- Kunciphise isidingo sakho semithi yokusiza ngokushesha
- Kukusize ugcine ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaphu
- Kukuvumele ugcine izinga lakho elijwayelekile lokusebenza futhi ulale ubusuku bonke
- Kuvimbele ukuhlasela kwe-asthma okungaholela ekuvakasheleni igumbi eliphuthumayo noma ukuhlala esibhedlela

Ukulawula i-asthma, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukulawula i-asthma yakho noma eyengane yakho. Izingane ezineminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu - kanye nezingane ezincane ezikwazi - kufanele zithathe indima ebalulekile ekunakekeleni kwe-asthma yazo.

Ukuthatha indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni i-asthma yakho kuhlanganisa:

1. Ukusebenza nodokotela ukwelapha ezinye izimo ezingaphazamisa ukulawulwa kwe-asthma.
2. Ukugwema izinto ezenza i-asthma yakho ibe mbi (izivusi ze-asthma). Kodwa-ke, ungagwemi ukushukuma komzimba. Lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo enhle.
3. Ukusebenza nabasizi bezempilo ukwenza nokulandela uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-asthma. Lolu hlelo lunikeza imihlahlandlela yokuthatha imithi, ukugwema izivusi ze-asthma, ukulandela izinga lokulawula, nokuphendula ezimpawini ezimbi.

I-asthma yelashwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi:
1. Imithi yokulawula kwesikhathi eside: Inciphisa ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yomoya ivimbele izimpawu.
2. Imithi yokusiza ngokushesha ("yokusindisa"): Yelapha izimpawu eziqhamukayo.

Ukwelashwa kwakho kuzoncika ekubucayini kwe-asthma yakho. Udokotela angashintsha imithi yakho ngokwesidingo. Landela uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-asthma olwenziwe nodokotela wakho. Lolu hlelo luchaza ukwelashwa kwansuku zonke nendlela yokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo.

Gwema izinto ezenza i-asthma yakho ibe mbi. Lokhu kungahlanganisa upholeni, ukungcola komoya, noma uboya bezilwane. Kodwa-ke, qhubeka nokushukuma komzimba ngokusebenzisana nodokotela wakho.

Uma unezinye izinkinga zempilo ezifana nokuphindisela, ingcindezi, noma i-sleep apnea (ukungaphefumuli kahle ubuthe ulele), udokotela wakho uzokwelapha lezi zimo futhi.

Imithi

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto eziningi uma enquma ukuthi yimiphi imithi yesifuba somoya engcono kuwe. Uzobheka ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle kangakanani kuwe. Bese, uzohlelela umthamo noma umuthi njengoba kudingeka. Imithi yesifuba somoya ingathathwa njengemaphilisi, kodwa iningi lithathwa kusetshenziswa isixhobo esibizwa nge-inhaler. I-inhaler ivumela umuthi ukuthi uye ngqo emaphashini akho. Hhayi zonke ama-inhaler asetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo. Cela udokotela wakho noma omunye umuntu okunakekela impilo ukuthi akubonise indlela efanele yokusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho. Buyekeza indlela osebenzisa ngayo i-inhaler yakho kuzo zonke izivakashelo zokwelashwa.

Imithi Yokulawula Isikhathi Eside

Abantu abaningi abanesifuba somoya badinga ukuthatha imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside nsuku zonke ukusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu. Imithi enamandla kakhulu isikhathi eside inciphisa ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yomoya, okusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu ziqale. Le mithi ayikuphilisi ngokushesha ezimpawini.

Ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo yiwo amithi ekhethwayo yokulawula isikhathi eside sesifuba somoya. Yiyo indlela esebenza kakhulu yokwelapha isikhathi eside ukuvuvukala nokudumba okwenza imithamo yakho yomoya ibe nobuthaka ezintweni ezithile eziphefumulwayo. Ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kusiza ukuvimbela ukuxhumana okubangela izimpawu zesifuba somoya. Abantu abaningi abathatha le mithi nsuku zonke bathola ukuthi inciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bezimpawu nokuthi zivela kangaki.

Ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo ahlale ephephile uma ethathwa njengoba emisiwe. Le mithi yehlukile kuma-anabolic steroids angekho emthethweni athathwa yizindlalifa ezithile. Ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo awabangeli ukujwayela, ngisho noma uwathatha nsuku zonke iminyaka eminingi.

Njengeminye imithi eminingi, ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo angaba nemiphumela engemihle. Odokotela abaningi bayavumelana ukuthi izinzuzo zokuthatha ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo nokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya zibaluleke kakhulu kunobungozi bemiphumela engemihle. Umphumela ongemihle ojwayelekile kusuka kuma-corticosteroid ahogekayo ukutheleleka komlomo okubizwa ngokuthi yi-thrush. Ungakwazi ukusebenzisa i-spacer noma i-holding chamber kwi-inhaler yakho ukugwema i-thrush. Lezi zinto zinamatheliswa kwi-inhaler yakho. Zisiza ukuvimbela umuthi ukuthi ungahlali emlonyeni wakho noma ngemuva komphimbo wakho.

Hlola nodokotela wakho ukubona ukuthi i-spacer noma i-holding chamber kufanele isetshenziswe ne-inhaler onayo. Futhi, sebenzisana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unemibuzo mayelana nokusebenzisa i-spacer noma i-holding chamber. Ukuhlamba umlomo wakho ngamanzi emva kokuthatha ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo nako kunganciphisa ubungozi bakho be-thrush.

Uma unesifuba somoya esikhulu, kungenzeka uthathe amaphilisi e-corticosteroid noma amanzi okwesikhashana ukuze ulawule isifuba somoya sakho. Uma uthathwa isikhathi eside, le mithi ikhuphula ubungozi bakho bokuba ne-cataracts (ukufiphala kwelense esweni) ne-osteoporosis (isifo esenza amathambo abe buthaka). Udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi wengeze omunye umuthi wokulawula isifuba somoya isikhathi eside ukuze akwazi ukunciphisa umthamo wakho wama-corticosteroids. Noma, angaphakamisa ukuthi uthathe amaphilisi e-calcium ne-vitamin D ukuvikela amathambo akho.

Eminye imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside ihlanganisa:

1. I-Cromolyn: Ithathwa ngesixhobo esibizwa nge-nebulizer esithumela umusi womuthi emaphashini.
2. I-Omalizumab (anti-IgE): Inikezwa njengomjovo kanye noma kabili ngenyanga. Ivimbela umzimba ukuphendula ezintweni ezidala isifuba somoya.
3. Ama-beta2-agonists ahogekayo asebenza isikhathi eside: Avula imithamo yomoya. Asetshenziswa nama-corticosteroids ahogekayo.
4. Ama-Leukotriene modifiers: Athathwa ngomlomo. Avimba ukuxhumana okwandisa ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yomoya.
5. I-Theophylline: Ithathwa ngomlomo. Ivula imithamo yomoya.

Thatha imithi yakho yokulawula isikhathi eside nsuku zonke. Izimpawu zingabuya noma zibe zimbi uma uyeka ukuyithatha. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela engemihle nezindlela zokuyinciphisa.

Imithi Yokuphilisa Ngokushesha

Bonke abantu abanesifuba somoya badinga imithi yokuphilisa ngokushesha. Ama-beta2-agonists amafushane ahogekayo yiwo ukukhetha kokuqala. Asebenza ngokushesha ukuqaqa imisipha ezungeze imithamo yomoya. Yithatha uma uqala ukubona izimpawu zesifuba somoya. Uma uyisebenzisa ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili ngesonto, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Thwala i-inhaler yakho yokuphilisa ngokushesha nawe njalo.

Landela Isifuba Somoya Sakho

Gcina amarekhodi ezimpawu, hlola i-peak flow, futhi uthole ukuhlolwa njalo. Rekhoda izimpawu kudayari. Isifuba somoya silawulwa kahle uma:

- Unezimpawu hhayi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili ngesonto.
- Ungenza zonke izinto zakho ezijwayelekile.
- Uthatha imithi yokuphilisa ngokushesha hhayi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili ngesonto.
- Awubi nokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya ngaphezu kokukodwa ngonyaka okudinga ama-corticosteroids ngomlomo.
- I-peak flow yakho ayehli ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-80 enombolweni yakho engcono kakhulu.

Sebenzisa i-peak flow meter njalo ekuseni. Irekhoda ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Udokotela wakho uzokufundisa ukuyisebenzisa nokuthatha imithi yakho ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni.

Thola ukuhlolwa kwesifuba somoya njalo. Udokotela wakho uzobheka izimpawu zakho, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, nezinombolo ze-peak flow. Angashintsha imithi yakho uma kudingeka.

Ukwelashwa kweSifuba Somoya emaqenjini Akhethekile

Ukwelashwa okuchazwe ngenhla kuvame ukusebenza kubo bonke abantu abaneSifuba Somoya. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izici zokwelashwa zihluka kubantu abakumaqembu athile eminyaka kanye nalabo abanesidingo esikhethekile.

Izingane
Kunzima ukubona iSifuba Somoya ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi izingane ezincane eziphefumula kanzima noma ezinezinye izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya zizozuza yini emithini yokulawula isikhathi eside. (Imithi yokwelapha ngokushesha ivame ukusiza ukuphefumula kanzima ezinganeni ezincane noma zineZifuba Somoya noma cha.) Odokotela bazokwelapha izingane ezincane nezisanda kuzalwa ezinezimpawu zeSifuba Somoya ngemithi yokulawula isikhathi eside uma, emva kokuhlola ingane, bezizwa ukuthi izimpawu ziyaqhubeka futhi zingaqhubeka emva kweminyaka eyisithupha ubudala. (Ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe, yana ku "Sibonwa Kanjani iSifuba Somoya?")

Amacorticosteroid ahogekayo yikona okunconywa ukwelapha izingane ezincane. I-Montelukast ne-cromolyn zinye izinketho. Ukwelashwa kunganikezwa isikhathi sokuhlola esiyinyanga eyodwa kuya emavikini ayisithupha. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukumiswa uma kungabonakali izinzuzo ngaleso sikhathi futhi udokotela nabazali beqinisekile ukuthi umuthi usetshenziswe ngendlela efanele.

Amacorticosteroid ahogekayo angahle anciphise ukukhula kwezingane zazo zonke izinyaka. Ukuncipha kokukhula kuvame ukubonakala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokwelashwa, kuvamise ukuba kuncane, futhi akuyi kabi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. ISifuba Somoya esingalawuleki kahle naso singanciphisa izinga lokukhula kwengane. Izingcweti eziningi zicabanga ukuthi izinzuzo zamacorticosteroid ahogekayo ezinganeni eziwadingayo ukulawula iSifuba Somoya sazo zingcono kakhulu kunengozi yokuncipha kokukhula.

Abantu Abadala
Odokotela kungadingeka balungise ukwelashwa kweSifuba Somoya kubantu abadala abaphuza eminye imithi ethile, njengama-beta blockers, i-aspirin neminye imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu, kanye nemithi yokwelapha ukuvuvukala. Le mithi ingavimbela imithi yeSifuba Somoya ukuthi isebenze kahle futhi ingenza izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya zibe zimbi. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyiphuza, kufaka phakathi nemithi engadingekile ukuyithola ngemvume kadokotela.

Abantu abadala bangathola amathambo abuthakathaka ngokusebenzisa amacorticosteroid ahogekayo, ikakhulukazi ngezinga eliphezulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuphuza amaphilisi e-calcium ne-vitamin D, kanye nezinye izindlela zokusiza ukugcina amathambo akho eqinile.

Abesifazane Abakhulelwe
Abesifazane abakhulelwe abaneSifuba Somoya kufanele balawule isifo ukuze baqinisekise ukuhlinzeka okuhle kwe-oxygen ezinganeni zabo. Ukulawuleka okubi kweSifuba Somoya kwandisa ingozi ye-preeclampsia (isimo lapho owesifazane okhulelwe ethola khona umfutho wegazi ophezulu namaphrotheni emchamo). Ukulawuleka okubi kweSifuba Somoya kuphinde kwandise ingozi yokuthi ingane izalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi ibe nesisindo esincane sokuzalwa.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi kuphephile ukuphuza imithi yeSifuba Somoya ngesikhathi ukhulelwe kunokubeka engozini yokuba nohlobo olubi lweSifuba Somoya. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma uneSifuba Somoya futhi ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa. Izinga lakho lokulawula iSifuba Somoya lingaba ngcono noma libe libi ngesikhathi ukhulelwe. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizohlola ukulawuleka kweSifuba Somoya sakho izikhathi eziningi futhi lilungise ukwelashwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka.

Abantu Abathola Izimpawu ZeSifuba Somoya Ngesikhathi Benza Imisebenzi Yomzimba
Imisebenzi yomzimba iyingxenye ebalulekile yendlela yokuphila enempilo. Abantu abadala badinga imisebenzi yomzimba ukugcina impilo enhle. Izingane ziyidinga ngokukhula nokuthuthuka. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, imisebenzi yomzimba ingabanga izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya. Uma lokhu kwenzeka kuwe noma enganeni yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela ezingcono zokulawula iSifuba Somoya ukuze uqhubeke uhlale usebenza.

Le mithi elandelayo ingasiza ukuvimbela izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya ezibangwa imisebenzi yomzimba:

• Imithi yokwelapha ngokushesha (ama-beta2-agonists asebenza ngokushesha) athathwa ngaphambi nje kokwenza umsebenzi womzimba angahlala ama-awa amabili kuya kwamanthathu futhi avimbele izimpawu ezihlobene nokuzivocavoca kubantu abaningi abayithatha.

• Ama-beta2-agonists asebenza isikhathi eside anganikeza ukuvikeleka kuze kube ama-awa ayishumi nambili. Kodwa-ke, ngokuwasebenzisa nsuku zonke, angeke esanikeza ukuvikeleka kuze kube ama-awa ayishumi nambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwale mithi emzimbeni kungaba yisiboniso sokuthi iSifuba Somoya silawuleka kabi.

• Ama-Leukotriene modifiers (imithi elawula ukuvuvukala). Lawa maphilisi athathwa ama-awa ambalwa ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi womzimba. Angasiza ukwelapha izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya ezibangwa imisebenzi yomzimba.

• Imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside. Izimpawu ezivamile noma ezinzima ngenxa yemisebenzi yomzimba zingasho iSifuba Somoya esilawuleka kabi kanye nesidingo sokuqala noma ukwandisa imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside enciphisa ukuvuvukala. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvimbela izimpawu ezihlobene nokuzivocavoca.

Ukungena kancane emisebenzini yomzimba nesikhathi sokufudumala kungasiza. Ungafuna nokugqoka imaski noma isikhafu emlonyeni uma uzivocavoca ezimweni ezibandayo. Uma usebenzisa imithi yakho yeSifuba Somoya njengoba udokotela wakho ekulayeza, kufanele ukwazi ukubamba iqhaza kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi womzimba noma umdlalo owukhethayo.

Abantu Abahlinzwayo
ISifuba Somoya singengeza ingozi yokuba nezinkinga ngesikhathi nangemuva kokuhlinzwa. Isibonelo, ukufakwa kweshubhu emphinjeni wakho kungabanga ukuhlaselwa yiSifuba Somoya. Tshela udokotela wakho wokuhlinza ngeSifuba Somoya sakho uma uqala ukukhuluma naye. Udokotela wokuhlinza angathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho, njengokukunika imithi yeSifuba Somoya ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.


Umbuzo:
Izindlela zokwehlisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme

Impendulo:
Inhloso yokwelashwa ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi wakho ukuze ube nengozi encane yokuba nezinkinga. Wena kanye nomdabi wakho kufanele nibeke inhloso yomfutho wegazi kuwena. Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme kancane (i-pre-hypertension), umhlinzeki wakho uzokuncoma ukushintsha indlela yokuphila ukuze wehlise umfutho wegazi wakho ube sesimweni esijwayelekile. Imithi ayisetshenziswa kakhulu kumfutho wegazi ophakeme kancane.

UKUSHINTSHA INDLELA YOKUPHILA
Kuningi ongakwenza ukuze usize ukulawula umfutho wegazi wakho ekhaya, okuhlanganisa:
- Dla ukudla okunempilo enhliziyweni, okuhlanganisa i-potassium (umsoco wokwakha amathambo) kanye ne-fiber (umanya).
- Phuza amanzi amaningi.
- Zivocavoce njalo okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yoku-aerobic ngosuku.
- Uma ubhema, yeka.
- Nciphisa utshwala ophuza ngalo, kube yisiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku kubantu besifazane, nezimbili ngosuku kubantu besilisa.
- Nciphisa inani le-sodium (usawoti) oyidlayo. Zama ukudla okungaphansi kuka-1,500 mg ngosuku.
- Nciphisa ingcindezi. Zama ukugwema izinto ezikubangela ingcindezi, futhi uzame ukuzindla noma i-yoga ukuze wehlise ingcindezi.
- Hlala esisindweni somzimba esiphilile.

Umdabi wakho angakusiza uthole izinhlelo zokwehlisa isisindo, ukuyeka ukubhema, nokuzivocavoca. Ungathola futhi ukudluliselwa kudayetishini, ongakusiza ukuhlela ukudla okunempilo kuwena. Ukuthi umfutho wegazi wakho kufanele ube phansi kangakanani nokuthi kuyiphi inani okudingeka uqale ngalo ukwelashwa kuncike eminyakeni yakho kanye nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zezokwelapha onazo.

IMITHI YOMFUTHO WEGAZI OPHAKEME
Isikhathi esiningi, umdabi wakho uzozama ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kuqala bese ehlola umfutho wegazi wakho izikhathi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Imithi izosungulwa uma ukuhlolwa komfutho wegazi wakho kuhlala noma kukhula kula mazinga:
- Inombolo ephezulu (umfutho wegazi systolic) ka-140 noma ngaphezulu kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala
- Inombolo ephezulu ka-150 noma ngaphezulu kubantu abangama-60 ubudala nangaphezulu
- Inombolo ephansi (umfutho wegazi diastolic) ka-90 noma ngaphezulu

Uma unesifo sikashukela, izinkinga zenhliziyo, noma umlando wokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, imithi ingaqalwa ekufundweni komfutho wegazi ophansi. Izinhloso zomfutho wegazi ezijwayelekile kakhulu zabantu abanalezi zinkinga zezokwelapha zingaphansi kuka-130 kuya ku-140/80 mmHg. Kunemithi eminingi eyahlukene yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Ngokuvamile, umuthi owodwa womfutho wegazi ungase ungabi wanele ukulawula umfutho wegazi wakho, futhi ungadinga ukuthatha imithi emibili noma ngaphezulu.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uthathe imithi oyinikiwe.
- Uma unezimpawu ezihlukumezayo, udokotela wakho angafaka omunye umuthi esikhundleni sawo.


Umbuzo:
Ngingasiza kanjani umlomo owomile?

Impendulo:
Ukwelashwa Komlomo Omile

Ukwelashwa komlomo omile kuzoya ngokuthi yini ebangela inkinga. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unomlomo omile, bona udokotela wezinyo noma udokotela wakho. Angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela umlomo wakho omile. Uma umlomo wakho omile ubangelwa umuthi, udokotela wakho angase ashintshe umuthi wakho noma alungise isikali. Uma izindlala zakho zokukha amathe zingasebenzi kahle kodwa zisakhiqiza amanye amathe, udokotela wakho wezinyo noma udokotela angase akunike umuthi osiza izindlala ukuthi zisebenze kangcono. Udokotela wakho wezinyo noma udokotela angaphinde aphakamise ukuthi usebenzise amathe okwenziwa ukugcina umlomo wakho umanzi.

Okufanele Nokungafanele Kwenziwe

Okufanele Kwenziwe:
• Phuza amanzi noma iziphuzo ezingenashukela njalo. Lokho kuzokwenza ukuhlafuna nokugwinya kube lula uma udla.
• Hlafuna ushingamu ongenashukela noma uncele uswidi oluqinile olungenashukela ukuvuselela ukugeleza kwamathe.
• Sebenzisa umshini wokwenza umswakama (humidifier) ebusuku ukuphakamisa umswakama emoyeni ngenkathi ulele.

Okungafanele Kwenziwe:
• Ungaphuzi iziphuzo ezine-caffeine njengekhofi, itiye, namanye amanzi agwebu. I-caffeine ingomisa umlomo.
• Ungasebenzisi ugwayi noma utshwala. Komisa umlomo.

Ucwaningo Lwemishanguzo Yegene Yokungasebenzi Kahle Kwezindlala Zamathe

Osozayensi eNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) baphenya ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwemishanguzo yegene ukwelapha ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala zamathe. Umqondo ukudlulisela amagene engeziwe noma okufakwa endaweni yawo ezindlaleni zamathe zabantu abane-Sjögren's syndrome kanye neziguli zomhlaza ezindlala zazo zamathe ezalimala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngokukhanya. Ithemba ukuthi lawa magene azokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamathe futhi asuse imizwa yomile ekhathazayo ekhathaza abantu abanesimo somlomo omile.

I-NIDCR isanda kuqeda ucwaningo lwezokwelapha kubantu ngemishanguzo yegene yezindlala zamathe ezilimele ngokukhanya. Ucwaningo lukhombise ukuthi imishanguzo yegene ingenziwa ngokuphepha ezindlaleni zamathe nokuthi inamandla okusiza abasinde emkhuhlane wekhanda nentamo abanomlomo omile. Ngenxa yemiphumela ethembisayo yalolu hlolo, izivivinyo ezifanayo zezokwelapha zihlelelwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Ucwaningo Nge-Sjögren's Syndrome Kanye Nezifo Ezinye Ezithinta Izindlala Zamathe

I-NIDCR iphinde yenze izivivinyo zezokwelapha ukucwaninga izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamathe ezigulini ezine-Sjogren's syndrome. Izifundo ezinjalo zibandakanya ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-antibody eyodwa kanye ne-corticosteroid ukubona ukuthi ngabe noma yiluphi lwalolu kwelapha kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamathe.

Ezinye izifundo zigxile ekufundeni ukuthi izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, izifo ze-auto inflammatory, kanye nezifo ze-granulomatous zibangela kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala zamathe. Izifundo ezinjalo zingase ngelinye ilanga ziholele ezindleleni ezingcono zokuvikela nokwelapha izimo zezindlala zamathe.

Ukuhlala uhambisana nanoma yiziphi izifundo ezintsha ngemishanguzo yegene nokusebenza kwezindlala zamathe, vakashela i-ClinicalTrials.gov. Leli webhusayithi libala zonke izivivinyo zezokwelapha ezixhaswe nguhulumeni kanye neziningi ezixhaswe ngasese e-U.S. nakulo lonke umhlaba. Iwebhusayithi ibuyekezwa njalo.


Umbuzo:
Yiziphi izindlela zokudambisa umlomo owomile kakhulu na?

Impendulo:
Ukwelashwa komlomo owomile kuzoncika ekutheni yini ebangela inkinga. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unomlomo owomile, bona udokotela wezinyo noma udokotela wakho. Angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela umlomo owomile. Uma umlomo owomile ubangelwa umuthi, udokotela wakho angashintsha umuthi noma alungise umthamo. Uma izindlala zokukhiqiza amathe (amaglandzi amathe) zingasebenzi kahle, kodwa zisakwazi ukukhiqiza amanye amathe, udokotela wezinyo noma udokotela angakunika umuthi okhethekile osiza izindlala ukuthi zisebenze kangcono. Angaphakamisa ukuthi usebenzise okumele amathe ukugcina umlomo wakho umanzi. (Buka ividiyo ukufunda ngokwelashwa komlomo owomile. Ukwenza ividiyo ibe nkulu, chofoza izibiyelo ngakwesokudla phansi. Ukuyinciphisa, cindezela inkinobho ethi Escape ekhibhodini.)


Umbuzo:
Ngidinga kakhulu ukwehlisa amafutha omzimba

Impendulo:
UKUSHINTSHA INDLELA YAKHO YOKUPHILA Indlela yokuphila ezinikele kanye nokuzivocavoca okuningi, kanye nokudla okunempilo, yindlela ephephile kakhulu yokunciphisa isisindo. Ngisho nokunciphisa isisindo okuncane kungathuthukisa impilo yakho. Ungadinga ukwesekwa okuningi kusuka emndenini nabangani. Inhloso yakho enkulu kufanele kube ukufunda izindlela ezintsha, ezinempilo zokudla nokuzenza zibe yingxenye yempilo yakho yansuku zonke. Abantu abaningi bathola kunzima ukushintsha imikhuba yabo yokudla nezimilo. Ungabe usulandele eminye imikhuba isikhathi eside kangangoba ungase ungazi nokuthi ayinampilo, noma uyayenza ngaphandle kokucabanga. Udinga ukukhuthazeka ukwenza izinguquko ezimpilweni yakho. Yenza ushintsho lwesimilo sibe yingxenye yempilo yakho isikhathi eside. Yazi ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi ukwenza nokugcina ushintsho empilweni yakho. Sebenzisana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nochwepheshe wokudla ukuze uhlele amanani wokudla wansuku zonke aphephile nafanele, akusiza ukunciphisa isisindo ngenkathi ugcina impilo. Khumbula ukuthi uma wehlisa isisindo kancane nangokuqhubekayo, unamathuba amaningi wokuwagcina engabuyeli. Uchwepheshe wakho wokudla angakufundisa ngalokhu: - Ukukhetha ukudla okunempilo - Amakhekhe anempilo - Ukufunda amalebula okudla - Izindlela ezintsha zokulungisa ukudla - Ubukhulu bamaqhezu - Iziphuzo ezimnandi Amadayethi angenamkhawulo (angaphansi kwama-1,100 calories noma ama-4,600 kilojoules ngosuku) akubhekwa njengaphephile noma asebenze kahle. Lezi zinhlobo zamadayethi ahlala engenazo izakhamzimba namavithamini anele. Abantu abaningi abanciphisa isisindo ngale ndlela babuyela ekudleni kakhulu futhi babe nesisindo esikhulu futhi. Funda izindlela zokulawula ingcindezi ngaphandle kokudla amakhekhe. Izibonelo zingaba ukuzindla, iyoga, noma ukuzivocavoca. Uma udangele noma unengcindezi enkulu, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho. IMITHI NEMITHI YEMVELO Ungabona izikhangiso zezingeza nemithi yemvelo (izithako zokwengeza) ezithembisa ukuthi zizokusiza ukunciphisa isisindo. Ezinye zalezi zethembiso zingahle zingabi yiqiniso. Futhi ezinye zalezi zingeza zingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa. Ungaxoxa ngedokotela lakho ngamaphilisi okunciphisa isisindo. Abantu abaningi banciphisa okungenani amakhilogremu amabili ngesonto ngokuphuza le mithi, kodwa bangaphinda bathole isisindo uma beyeka ukuphuza umuthi ngaphandle kokuba benze izinguquko empilweni yabo. UKULAPHA Ukulapha (okunciphisa isisindo) kunganciphisa ubungozi bezifo ezithile kubantu abanesisindo esikhulu kakhulu. Lezi zingozi zibandakanya: - I-arthritis (ukuqina kwamathambo) - Isifo sikashukela - Isifo senhliziyo - Umfutho wegazi ophezulu - I-sleep apnea (ukuphefumula okunzima ngesikhathi ulele) - Ezinye izifo zomdlavuza - Ukushaywa yiparalaysi Ukulapha kungasiza abantu ababe nesisindo esikhulu kakhulu iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu futhi abanganciphisanga isisindo ngenxa yezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengamadayethi, ukuzivocavoca, noma imithi. Ukulapha kuphela akusona isixazululo sokunciphisa isisindo. Kungakuqeqesha ukudla kancane, kodwa usafanele wenze okuningi komsebenzi. Kufanele uzinikele ekudleni nasekuzivocavoceni ngemva kokulashwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ufunde ukuthi ngabe ukulapha kuyinto enhle yini kuwena. Ukulapha okunciphisa isisindo kubandakanya: - I-laparoscopic gastric banding (ukufaka ibhande esesiswini ngomshini omncane) - Ukulapha i-gastric bypass (ukushintsha indlela yokuhamba kokudla esiswini) - I-sleeve gastrectomy (ukunciphisa ubukhulu besisu, eyenziwa kancane) - I-duodenal switch (ukushintsha indlela yokugaya kokudla ematsheni)


Umbuzo:
Kuzokwenzekani uma ungahlinzwanga ukususa ipapilloma (isigaxa esincane esikhulayo esikhumbekeni)?

Impendulo:
Ukwelashwa kwama-papilloma (izindlala ezincane) asebeleleni kuvame ukufaka ukususwa kwesitho sokuchiphiza ngokoqhaqho ukuze kuthuliswe izimpawu futhi kuhlolwe ngokwezinga lesitho. Muva nje, kusetshenziswe indlela engafaki ukungenela okukhulu. Indlela yokususa isitho esincane esichiphizayo ngosizo lwedokotela (MD-assisted microdochectomy) kufanele ibhekwe njengendlela ekhethekile yokwelashwa kokuchiphiza kwesitho esisodwa esihlobene ne-papilloma.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ubufakazi obukhulayo bokuthi le ndlela inamandla okunciphisa inani lezinqubo zokususa isitho sokuchiphiza futhi inciphise ubungako bokusika ngokoqhaqho. Ukuthatha isampula ngokuhlinzekwa ngesithombe nokudonsa (imaging-guided vacuum-assisted core biopsy) kungakwazi ukuhlola futhi kwelaphe ama-papilloma abonakala ngesikhathi kuthathwa isithombe sebele (mammography) kanye/noma kusetshenziswa ukuhlola ngamagagasi omsindo (ultrasound).

Iziguli ezinama-papilloma amaningi zinengozi enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza futhi kufanele zihlolwe njalo ngonyaka. Lokhu kufaka ukuthatha isithombe sebele (kungcono kube yisithombe sebele esidijithali) uma zelashwa ngendlela engafaki ukungenela okukhulu. Ukuhlola ngamagnet (Magnetic resonance - MR) kungasetshenziswa futhi ekuqapheleni ngenxa yokukwazi kwakho ukubona izinto ezincane kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokuthi ingozi incane, isikhathi eside futhi ithinta onke amabele, ukulandela isikhathi eside kufanele kakhulu kunokususa amabele omabili ngokoqhaqho ukuze kuvikelwe (prophylactic mastectomy). Iziguli ezitholakala zine-papilloma yesitho sokuchiphiza esisodwa azinakho ukwanda okuningi kwengozi yokuthola umdlavuza esikhathini esizayo, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukuthi zilandelwe njalo.


Umbuzo:
Ngicela ulwazi mayelana nenkinga yami yobukhulu obungaphezulu noma ngingathola yini usizo

Impendulo:
Isifinyezo

Ukukhuluphala kuchaza ukuba nomzimba omningi kakhulu. Kuhlukile ekubeni nesisindo esikhulu, okuchaza ukuba nesisindo esikhulu kakhulu. Isisindo singavela enyameni, ethanjeni, amafutha, kanye/noma amanzi omzimba. Zombili lezi zincazelo zisho ukuthi isisindo somuntu sikhulu kakhulu kunalokho okubhekwa njengempilo ngokwezinga lakhe.

Ukukhuluphala kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma udla amakalori (amandla atholakala ekudleni) amaningi kunalawo owasebenzisayo. Ukulingana phakathi kwamakalori angenayo nalawo aphumayo kwehlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Izinto ezingathinta isisindo sakho zihlanganisa ukwakheka kwakho ngokwemvelo, ukudla kakhulu, ukudla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, kanye nokungashukumi ngokwanele.

Ukukhuluphala kwandisa ubungozi bakho besifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, ukushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, isifo samthambo, kanye nomdlavuza othile. Uma ukhuluphele, ukulahlekelwa ngisho nangamaphesenti angu-5 kuya ku-10 wesisindo sakho kungabamba noma kuvimbele ezinye zalezi zifo. Isibonelo, lokho kusho ukulahlekelwa amaphawundi angu-10 kuya ku-20 uma unesisindo samaphawundi angu-200.

NIH (Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezokuphenya Ngezempilo eUSA): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases


Umbuzo:
Ngifuna ulwazi mayelana noMdlavuza wombhobho wokudla (esophagus) futhi angitholi lutho uma ngihlola iwebhusayithi yakho.

Impendulo:
Umdlavuza womphimbo wukufa komgudumgude, umbhobho ongaphandle othwala ukudla noketshezi kusuka emphinjeni kuye esiswini. Njengoba umdlavuza ukhula, izimpawu zingabandakanya ukugwinya okunzima noma okubuhlungu, ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba nokukhohlela igazi. Imbangela eyiyo ayaziwa ngokujwayelekile, kodwa kokubili izimo zendawo nezinto ezidluliswa ngokufuza zicatshangwa ukuthi zidlala indima ekuthuthukeni kwalesi simo. E-United States, izinto ezingaba yingozi zokuthuthukisa umdlavuza womphimbo zibandakanya ukubhema, ukuphuza kakhulu, ukukhuluphala, nokulimala okudalwa ukuphindaphinda kwesibhicongo sesisu. Ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukuhlinzwa, i-radiation, i-chemotherapy, kanye nokwelashwa nge-laser. Abanye iziguli zingadinga ukusekwa ngokwezokudla, njengoba umdlavuza noma ukwelashwa kungakwenza kube nzima ukugwinya.


Umbuzo:
Sawubona. Igama lami ngu-[NAME] futhi ngingumfundi wonyaka wesithathu esikoleni samabanga aphakeme. Njengamanje ngenza ucwaningo ngesihloko sokukhuluphala kakhulu, ngakho-ke bengifisa ukubuza imibuzo embalwa. Ngingabonga kakhulu uma ungakwazi ukuphendula! Ngiyabonga! 1) Yini/Ubani okufanele asolwe ngokukhuluphala kakhulu? 2) Ucabanga ukuthi ukubeka intela ekudleni okungenampilo kunganciphisa inani labantu abakhuluphele kakhulu? Kungani noma kungani kungenjalo? 3) Singakuvimbela kanjani ukukhuluphala kakhulu? 4) Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuzivocavoca imizuzu engama-30 nsuku zonke nokudla okunempilo? 5) Ngabe uhulumeni kufanele abambe iqhaza elikhulu ekulweni nokukhuluphala kakhulu? Kungani noma kungani kungenjalo? 6) Yini eyodwa okufanele siyinciphise kakhulu/siyisuse nhlobo emadayetini ethu? (njengamafutha, amakhabohayidrethi (izakhamzimba ezakhiwe ngamashadozi), ushukela, njll.) Ngiyabonga ngesikhathi sakho!

Impendulo:
Ukudla ngokweqile kunalokho umzimba wakho okudingayo kungaholela ekukhulupheni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba umzimba ugcina amandla angasetshenzisiwe njengamafutha. Ukukhuluphala kungabangelwa:

- Ukudla okuningi kunalokho umzimba ongakusebenzisa
- Ukuphuza kakhulu uphuzo oludakayo
- Ukungashukumi ngokwanele

Abantu abaningi abakhuluphele abehlisa isisindo esikhulu baphinde basithole bacabanga ukuthi yiphutha labo. Bazisola ngokungabi namandla okuphila ngendlela entsha. Abaningi baphinda bathole isisindo esikhulu kunasekuqaleni. Manje sesiyazi ukuthi indlela umzimba osebenza ngayo iyimbangela enkulu yokuthi abanye bangakwazi ukugcina isisindo siphansi.

Abanye abantu abahlala ndawonye futhi bedla ukudla okufanayo bayakhuluphala, kanti abanye abakhuluphali. Imizimba yethu inendlela eqondile yokugcina isisindo siphilile. Kwabanye, le ndlela ayisebenzi kahle. Indlela esidla ngayo sisebancane ingathinta indlela esidla ngayo sesikhulile. Indlela yokudla eminyakeni eminingi iba yisiko. Ithinta ukuthi sidlani, nini, nokuthi sidla kangakanani.

Singezwa sengathi sizungezwe yizinto ezenza kube lula ukudla ngokweqile futhi kunzima ukuhlala sinyakaza:
- Abaningi bathi abanaso isikhathi sokwenza ukudla okunempilo
- Namuhla, abaningi basebenza imisebenzi yokugxila etafuleni kuneyokushukuma
- Abangenaso isikhathi esengeziwe bangaba nencane indlela yokuzivocavoca

"Ukudla ngokungalawuleki" kusho izimo zempilo ezigxile ekudleni, ukudla ngendlela ethile, ukwehla noma ukwenyuka kwesisindo, nomfanekiso womzimba. Umuntu angakhuluphala, adle ngendlela engaphilile, futhi abe nokudla ngokungalawuleki ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Kwesinye isikhathi, izinkinga zempilo noma ukwelashwa kungenza umuntu akhuluphe, okuhlanganisa:
- Isitshalo sethayiroidi esingasebenzi kahle (i-hypothyroidism)
- Imithi efana namaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, amaphilisi okwelapha ukudumala (izidakamizwa zokwelapha ukucindezeleka), namaphilisi okulapha izimo zengqondo

Okunye okungenza umuntu akhuluphe:
- Ukuyeka ukubhema: Abaningi abayekayo bathola phakathi kwamagremu angu-1.8 kuya ku-4.5 ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala
- Ingcindezi, ukwesaba, ukuzizwa uphansi, noma ukungalali kahle
- Ukuphela kwesikhathi sokuya enyangeni: Abesifazane bangathola phakathi kwamagremu angu-5.4 kuya ku-6.8
- Ukukhulelwa: Abesifazane bangalahlekelwa isisindo abathola ngesikhathi bekhulelwe


Umbuzo:
Sawubona. Igama lami ngu-[NAME] futhi ngingumfundi webanga leshumi esikoleni samabanga aphakeme. Njengamanje ngenza ucwaningo ngesihloko sobungingili futhi bengizibuza ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuphendula imibuzo embalwa. Kungathokozisa kakhulu uma ungakwazi! Ngiyabonga! 1) Yini/Ubani okumele asolwe ngobungingili? 2) Ucabanga ukuthi ukufaka intela ekudleni okungempilo kuzonciphisa inani labantu abakhuluphele kakhulu? Kungani noma kungani kungenjalo? 3) Singakuvimbela kanjani ubungingili? 4) Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuzivocavoca imizuzu engama-30 nsuku zonke nokudla ukudla okunempilo? 5) Ngabe uhulumeni kumele abandakanyeke kakhulu ekunqandeni ubungingili? Kungani noma kungani kungenjalo? 6) Yini okuyinto yokuqala okumele sidle kancane kakhulu/siyisuse kudayethi yethu? (njengamafutha, amakhabohayidrethi (izakhamzimba ezakhiwe ngoshukela), ushukela, njll.) Ngiyabonga ngesikhathi sakho!

Impendulo:
UKUSHINTSHA INDLELA YAKHO YOKUPHILA

Indlela yokuphila enomsebenzi kanye nokuzivocavoca okuningi, kanye nokudla okunempilo, yindlela ephephile kakhulu yokwehlisa isisindo. Ngisho nokwehlisa isisindo okuncane kungakuthuthukisa impilo yakho. Ungadinga ukwesekwa okuningi emndenini nabangani.

Inhloso yakho enkulu kufanele kube ukufunda izindlela ezintsha, ezinempilo zokudla nokuzenza zibe yingxenye yempilo yakho yansuku zonke. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kunzima ukushintsha imikhuba yabo yokudla nokuziphatha. Ungabe usuwenze eminye imikhuba isikhathi eside kangangokuthi ungase ungazi nokuthi ayinampilo, noma uyenze ngaphandle kokucabanga.

Udinga ukukhuthazeka ukuze wenze izinguquko empilweni yakho. Yenza ushintsho lwezenzo lube yingxenye yempilo yakho isikhathi eside. Yazi ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi ukwenza nokugcina ushintsho endleleni yakho yokuphila.

Sebenzisana nomdokotela wakho kanye nochwepheshe wokudla ukuze uhlele amanani afanelekile, aphephile wokudla kwansuku zonke okukusiza ukuthi wehlise isisindo ngenkathi ugcina impilo. Khumbula ukuthi uma wehlisa isisindo kancane nangokuqhubekayo, unamathuba amaningi okuwagcina engabuyeli.

Uchwepheshe wakho wokudla angakufundisa ngalokhu:
• Ukukhetha ukudla okunempilo (njengamaveji, izithelo, ubhontshisi)
• Ama-snack anempilo (njengezindlubu, izithelo ezomile)
• Ukufunda amalebula okudla
• Izindlela ezintsha zokulungisa ukudla
• Amasayizi wezingxenye zokudla
• Iziphuzo ezimnandi kakhulu

Amadayethi anezithiyo ezinkulu (okungaphansi kwama-1,100 amakalori ngosuku) akubhekwa njengaphephile noma asebenza kahle. Lezi zinhlobo zamadayethi azivamile ukuba nezakhamzimba nama-mineral anele. Abantu abaningi abehlisa isisindo ngalendlela babuyela ekudleni kakhulu baphinde babe nobungako obunganakwa.

Funda izindlela zokuphatha ingcindezi ngaphandle kokudla kakhulu. Izibonelo zingaba ukuzindla, i-yoga, noma ukuzivocavoca (njengokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukudansa). Uma udangele noma unengcindezi enkulu, khuluma nomdokotela wakho.

IMITHI KANYE NEMITHI YEMVELO

Ungabona izikhangiso zezithako kanye nemithi yemvelo ezithi zizokusiza ukwehlisa isisindo. Ezinye zalezi zethembiso zingangabi yiqiniso. Futhi ezinye zalezi zithako zingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Khuluma nomdokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa.

Ungaxoxa ngemithi yokwehlisa isisindo nomdokotela wakho. Abantu abaningi behlisa okungenani amapawundi ayi-5 ngokuphuza le mithi. Kodwa bangaphinda bathole isisindo uma beyeka ukuphuza umuthi ngaphandle kokuba benze izinguquko endleleni yabo yokuphila.

UKUHLINZWA

Ukuhlinzwa kokwehlisa isisindo kunganciphisa ingozi yezifo ezithile kubantu abanesisindo esikhulu kakhulu. Lezi zingozi zibandakanya:
• I-arthritis (ukuqaqamba kwamathambo)
• Isifo sikashukela
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• I-sleep apnea (ukuphefumula okungalungile ubuthongo)
• Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza
• Ukushaywa yi-stroke (ukuvaleka kwemithambo egazi ekhanda)

Ukuhlinzwa kungasiza abantu ababe nesisindo esikhulu kakhulu iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu futhi abangakwazanga ukwehlisa isisindo ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokudla, ukuzivocavoca, noma imithi.

Ukuhlinzwa kuphela akusona isixazululo sokwehlisa isisindo. Kungakuqeqesha ukuthi udle kancane, kodwa kufanele wenze okuningi komsebenzi. Kufanele uzibophezele ekudleni nasekuzivocavoceni ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Khuluma nomdokotela wakho ukufunda ukuthi ngabe ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela enhle yini kuwena.

Ukuhlinzwa kokwehlisa isisindo kubandakanya:
• I-laparoscopic gastric banding (ukufaka ibhande esesiswini ngomshini omncane)
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-gastric bypass (ukunciphisa isisindo sesisu)
• I-sleeve gastrectomy (ukususa ingxenye yesisu)
• I-duodenal switch (ukushintsha indlela yokugaya ukudla emathunjini)


Umbuzo:
Ngicela ungithumelele ngeposi imininigwane nge-Lynch Syndrome njengoba anginayo ikhompyutha futhi udokotela wami ungitshele ukuthi nginaso lesi sifo.

Impendulo:
I-Lynch syndrome yisimo esidluliselwa ngokuzalwa esibangela ukwenyuka kwengozi yokuthola umdlavuza. Abantu abane-Lynch syndrome basengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza wekholo (umgogodla omkhulu) nomdlavuza womlomo wesibunu, kanye nomdlavuza wesisu, wemithambo emincane yokuya, wesibindi, wezindlela zenyongo, wezindlela eziphezulu zomchamo (izinso namapayipi awo), wobuchopho, wesikhumba, kanye nowesitho sangasese sabesilisa. Abesifazane abane-Lynch syndrome baphinde babe sengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho (obizwa nangokuthi umdlavuza we-endometrial) kanye nomdlavuza wamaqanda. Yize lesi simo saqala ukuchazwa njengendlela engahlanganisi ukukhula okungeyona umdlavuza (okungabizi) esigazini, abantu abane-Lynch syndrome bangaba namakhwamkhwamu esigazini ngokwengozi. I-Lynch syndrome inephethini yokudluliselwa ngokuzalwa edlulisela isimo ngqo kubazali kuya ezinganeni (i-autosomal dominant) futhi ibangelwa ukuguquka kwamajini athile (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 noma EPCAM).


Umbuzo:
Ngicela ungithumelele ngeposi ulwazi ngeLynch Syndrome njengoba ngingenayo ikhompyutha futhi udokotela wami ungitshele ukuthi nginaso lesi sifo.

Impendulo:
I-Lynch syndrome, evame ibizwa ngokuthi i-hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) (isifo somdlavuza wesisu elikhulu esidluliswa ngokuzalwa), isifo esidluliswa ngokuzalwa esandisa ubungozi bokhukhulamela wezinhlobo eziningi. Ikakhulukazi, sandisa ubungozi bomdlavuza wesisu elikhulu (large intestine) kanye nendawo yokuzibhuquza, okubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza wesisu elikhulu nendawo yokuzibhuquza. Abantu abane-Lynch syndrome baphinde babe nobungozi obukhulu bomdlavuza wesisu, amathumbu amancane, isibindi, imithanjana yenyongo, ingxenye ephezulu yomgudu womchamo, ubuchopho, kanye nesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abanalesi sifo banobungozi obuphakeme bomdlavuza wamaqanda kanye nomgoqo wesibeletho (i-endometrium noma isikhumba sangaphakathi sesibeletho).

Abantu abane-Lynch syndrome ngezinye izikhathi bangaba nokukhula okungenawo umdlavuza (benign) esisu elikhulu, okubizwa ngokuthi amapolyps esisu elikhulu. Kubantu abanalesi sifo, amapolyps esisu elikhulu avela kusenesikhathi kodwa hhayi ngobuningi obukhulu kunalokho okwenzeka ebantwini bonke.


Umbuzo:
Ngicela ungithumelele ngeposi ulwazi lwesiguli mayelana nesifo se-Glaucoma, ngisanda ukuhlolwa ngathola ukuthi nginaso futhi ngifuna ukufunda konke engingakwazi ukukufunda ngalesi sifo.

Impendulo:
Iglaucoma yiqoqo lezimo zamehlo ezingalimaza umsipha wokubona. Lo msipha uthumela izithombe ozibonayo ebuchosheni bakho. Ngokuvamile, ukulimala komsipha wokubona kubangelwa ukwenyuka kwengcindezi eswini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ingcindezi yaphakathi eswini. Buka lesi sivideo mayelana ne-Iglaucoma


Umbuzo:
Ispina bifida (ukuphuka komgogodla); ukuhlanganiswa kwamathambo omgogodla; isirinx; ikhorda eboshiwe. Ungangisiza yini ngokwelashwa kwalezi zinkinga?

Impendulo:
Lezi zinsiza zibhekana nokuhlolelwa noma ukunakekelwa kwe-spina bifida (umgogodla ovulekile): - Isibhedlela Sezingane sase-Benioff, eNyuvesi yase-California, eSan Francisco: Ukwelashwa kwe-Spina Bifida - Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvikela Izifo: Ukuphila ne-Spina Bifida - I-GeneFacts (Ulwazi lwezofuzo): I-Spina Bifida: Ukuhlolelwa - I-GeneFacts (Ulwazi lwezofuzo): I-Spina Bifida: Ukunakekelwa - Irejista Yokuhlolwa Kwezofuzo: Inkinga yomgudu wemizwa - Irejista Yokuhlolwa Kwezofuzo: Izinkinga zomgudu wemizwa, ezinezwela kwifolate - Inhlangano ye-Spina Bifida: Ukunakekelwa Nokwelashwa Kwezinso Nezitho Zangasese - Isikhungo Sokwelashwa Kwezinsana Ezingakazalwa sase-University of California, San Francisco Lezi zinsiza ezivela ku-MedlinePlus zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuhlolelwa nokunakekelwa kwezimo ezahlukene zempilo: - Ukuhlolwa - Ukwelashwa Ngamaphilisi - Ukuhlinzwa Nokuvuselela - Ukwelulekwa Ngezofuzo - Ukunakekelwa Kokudambisa Izinhlungu


Umbuzo:
i-spina bifida; i-vertebral fusion; i-syrinx tethered cord. Ungasiza ngokwelashwa kwalezi zinkinga?

Impendulo:
Alikho ikhambi le-spina bifida (SB) ngoba amathishu omzwa awakwazi ukufakwa kabusha noma ukulungiswa. Ukwelashwa kwemiphumela ehlukahlukene ye-SB kungafaka ukuhlinzwa, imithi, kanye nokwelapha ngokwenyakazisa umzimba (physiotherapy). Abantu abaningi abane-SB bazodinga izinsiza ezisizayo njengezibopho zokuxhasa (braces), izinduku zokuhamba, noma izitulo ezinamavili (wheelchairs). Ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye/noma ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka ukuvimbela nokulawula izinkinga impilo yonke yomuntu. Ukuhlinzwa ukuvala imbobo eseqolo lomzanyana osanda kuzalwa kwenziwa ngokuvamile kungakapheli amahora angu-24 emva kokuzalwa ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka nokugcina ukusebenza okukhona entanjeni yomgogodla.


Umbuzo:
Sawubona dokotela, igama lami ngu-[NAME] ngivela e-[LOCATION]. Sekuphose kube yiminyaka emibili ngingakhulelwa. Ngenze ama-test ambalwa endodeni yami, isperm count siyizero, futhi ngenze i-molecular biology karyotyping test kuvele ukuthi yi-Klinefelter syndrome. Likhona yini ithuba lokuthi ngikhulelwe? Lukhona yini uhlelo lokwelapha lokhu? Ngicela ungisize... Uma udinga imininingwane eyengeziwe ngingakuthumelela imibiko (mnumzane ngicela ungisize).

Impendulo:
Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni inkinga ivela kuphi, kodwa kungabandakanya:
  - Ukujova i-testosterone (kubesilisa)
  - Isibambelelo sesikhumba esikhipha i-testosterone kancane-kancane (kubesilisa)
  - Amajeli e-testosterone (kubesilisa)
  - Amaphilisi noma izibambelelo zesikhumba ze-estrogen kanye ne-progesterone (kubesifazane)
  - Ukujovwa kwe-GnRH (i-Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone)


Umbuzo:
Sawubona dokotela, igama lami ngu-[IGAMA] ngivela e-[INDAWO]. Sekuphose kube iminyaka emibili ngingakhulelwa. Ngenze izivivinyo ezimbalwa zomyeni wami, umyalo uyi-zero, futhi ngenze ivivinyo le-molecular biology karyotyping kuvele ukuthi i-Klinefelter syndrome (uhlobo lwesifo). Ingabe kukhona amathuba okukhulelwa? Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa kwalokhu? Ngicela ungisize... Uma udinga okuthe xaxa ngingakuthumelela imibiko (mnumzane ngicela ungisize).

Impendulo:
Ukwelashwa ngethestosterone (Testosterone therapy) kunganconywa. Lokhu kungasiza:
   - Ukukhulisa izinwele zomzimba
   - Ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwezicubu
   - Ukuthuthukisa ukugxila
   - Ukuthuthukisa isimo somqondo kanye nokuzethemba
   - Ukwandisa amandla kanye nokunxanela ucansi
   - Ukwandisa amandla
Amadoda amaningi analesisifo awakwazi ukukhulelisa umuntu wesifazane. Kodwa, uchwepheshe wokulaphela ukungabinamtwana angasiza. Ukubona udokotela obizwa nge-endocrinologist (udokotela wezitho zangaphakathi ezingamadlala) kungaba lusizo futhi.


Umbuzo:
Sawubona dokotela, igama lami ngu-[NAME] ngivela e-[LOCATION]. Sekuphose kube iminyaka emibili ngingakhulelwa. Ngenze izivivinyo ezimbalwa zomyeni wami, inani lamahluli akhe lingu-zero, futhi ngenze isivivinyo se-molecular biology karyotyping, futhi kuvele i-Klinefelter syndrome (isimo esithile sezokwelashwa). Ingabe ikhona ithuba lokukhulelwa? Ngabe kukhona ukwelashwa kwalokhu? Ngicela ungisize... Uma udinga imininingwane eyengeziwe ngingakuthumelela imibiko (mnumzane ngicela ungisize kakhulu).

Impendulo:
Lezi zinsiza zibhekana nokuhlolelwa noma ukunakekelwa kwesindrome kaKlinefelter:
- Genetic Testing Registry: Isindrome kaKlinefelter, XXY
- I-Encyclopedia yeMedlinePlus: Isindrome kaKlinefelter
- I-Encyclopedia yeMedlinePlus: Ukwehluleka Kwamathestisi (Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kwezinhlanga)

Lezi zinsiza ezivela kuMedlinePlus zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuhlolelwa nokunakekelwa kwezimo ezahlukene zempilo:
- Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlolelwa
- Ukwelashwa Ngokusebenzisa Imithi
- Ukuhlinzwa Nokuvuselela
- Ukwelulekwa Ngezofuzo
- Ukunakekelwa Kweziguli Ezigulayo Kakhulu


Umbuzo:
Umdlavuza wesifuba eminyakeni engu-84. Umama wami othandekayo usanda kuthola ukuthi unomdulavuza wesifuba. Uneminyaka engu-84 ubudala, isibhobho sakhe saqala emthanjeni wobisi futhi sincane ngobukhulu, kukhona futhi isigaxa esifubeni esifanayo. Uhlelelwe ukuhlinzwa kususwe isigaxa (i-lumpectomy) ukususa kokubili. Ngenxa yobudala sifuna iziphakamiso ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha ezingasetshenziswa emva kokuhlinzwa.

Impendulo:
Ukwelashwa ngamahormoni kuvimbela amaselula omdlavuza ukuthola amahormoni (izakhi zomzimba) adingeka ukuze akhule. Lolu kwelapha kungahlanganisa ukusebenzisa imithi eshintsha indlela amahormoni asebenza ngayo. Ngesinye isikhathi kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa ukususa amaqanda, akhiqiza amahormoni abesifazane. Njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngamahormoni kungathinta amaselula omdlavuza emzimbeni wonke. Ngokuvamile, abesifazane abanomdlavuza wesifuba osesigabeni sokuqala nalabo abanomdlavuza wesifuba osudlulele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (obizwa ngomdlavuza wesifuba osuqhubekile) bathola ukwelashwa ngamahormoni ngendlela ye-tamoxifen. Ukwelashwa ngamahormoni nge-tamoxifen noma ama-estrogen kungasebenza emaseluleni emzimbeni wonke. Nokho, kungenyusa amathuba okuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho (i-endometrial cancer). Uma uthatha i-tamoxifen, kufanele uhlolwe isitho sangasese njalo ngonyaka ukubheka izimpawu zomdlavuza. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi owesifazane azise udokotela wakhe ngokushesha nganoma yikuphi ukopha esithweni sangasese esingajwayelekile, ngaphandle kokopha kwenyanga.


Umbuzo:
Umdlavuza webele eminyakeni engama-84. Umama wami usanda ukuhlolwa watholakala enomdlavuza webele. Uneminyaka engama-84 ubudala, isigaxa sakhe siqale emthanjeni wobisi futhi sincane ngobukhulu, kukhona futhi inqumbi ebeleni elifanayo. Uhlelelwe ukuhlinzwa okukhethekile okubizwa nge-lumpectomy ukususa kokubili. Ngenxa yobudala bakhe, siyacela iziphakamiso ngezindlela zokwelapha emva kokuhlinzwa.

Impendulo:
Imithi ethile eseyisetshenziselwe ngempumelelo eminye imikhuba yomdlavuza manje iyasetshenziswa ukwelapha eminye imikhuba yomdlavuza webele. Ukuxubana kwemithi kungakwazi ukwandisa isikhathi ozophila ngaso, noma isikhathi ozophila ngaso ungenayo umdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithi ethile efana ne-Herceptin® ne-Tykerb® uma ithathwa ihambisana nokwelashwa ngokubulala amasosha omzimba angenampilo (i-chemotherapy), ingasiza abesifazane abanezinguquko ezithile zofuzo zomdlavuza webele kangcono kunokwelashwa nge-chemotherapy kuphela.


Umbuzo:
Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[NAME] futhi ngingumfundi e-[LOCATION] lapha e-[LOCATION]. Ngibhala umbiko wocwaningo nge-SIDS (Ukufa Okungalindelekile Komntwana Osanda Kuzalwa) futhi bengethemba ukuthi ungangisiza ngolwazi oluthile. Benginentshisekelo ikakhulukazi ekufundeni ngokuthi ngabe abazali kufanele bakhathazeke yini ngokufa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, nokuthi ungangiqondisa yini emithonjeni yolwazi ngalokho, noma uvume ukuthi ngikubuze imibuzo. Ngiyabonga ngesikhathi sakho. Uma unolunye ulwazi olungangisiza, ngingakuthokozela kakhulu. Ungangithumelela i-imeyili ku-[CONTACT] noma ungithinte kucingo lami ku-[CONTACT]. Ngiyaphinda ngiyabonga.

Impendulo:
Ukufa okusheshayo nokungalindelekile kwengane (i-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome noma i-SIDS) ukufa okusheshayo nokungalindelekile kwengane engaphansi konyaka. Ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu emva kokufa akuvezi isizathu esicacile sokushona.


Umbuzo:
Sawubona, igama lami ngingu-[NAME] futhi ngingumfundi e-[LOCATION] lapha e-[LOCATION]. Ngibhala umbiko wocwaningo nge-SIDS futhi bengethemba ukuthi ungangisiza ngolwazi oluthile. Benginesithakazelo ikakhulukazi ekufundeni ukuthi ngabe abazali kufanele bakhathazeke nge-SIDS nokuthi ungangitshengisa imithombo ethile ngalokho, noma ungivumele ukuxoxisana nawe. Ngiyabonga ngesikhathi sakho esiligcine. Uma unoma yini enye engangisiza, ngingayithokozela kakhulu. Ngicela ungangithumelela i-imeyili ku-[CONTACT] noma ungithinte nge-foni yami ku-[CONTACT]. Ngiyabonga futhi.

Impendulo:
Ukufingqiwa Ukufa okusheshayo kwengane (i-SIDS, okubizwa ngokuthi "ukufa okungachazeki kwengane") ukufa okusheshayo, okungaziwa kwengane engaphansi konyaka ubudala. Abanye abantu babiza i-SIDS ngokuthi "ukufa kwesicabha sengane" ngoba izingane eziningi ezifa nge-SIDS zitholakala emasicabeni azo. I-SIDS iyimbangela enkulu yokufa ezinganeni eziphakathi kwenyanga eyodwa kanye nonyaka ubudala. Ukufa okuningi kwe-SIDS kwenzeka lapho izingane ziphakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili kanye nezinyanga ezine ubudala. Izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, abafana, abaMnyama base-Afrika, kanye nezingane zama-American Indian/Alaska Native zinengozi ephakeme ye-SIDS.

Nakuba ochwepheshe bezempilo bengazi ukuthi yini ebangela i-SIDS, bayazi izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:
• Ukubeka izingane ngomhlane ukuba zilale, ngisho nangesikhathi sezindlwana ezimfushane. "Isikhathi sesisu" senzelwe lapho izingane zivukile futhi kukhona ozibhekile
• Ukusebenzisa indawo yokulala eqinile, njengesicabha sengane esinamathele kahle
• Ukugcina izinto ezithambile kanye nezinto zokulala ezingaqinile kude nendawo yokulala
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane azishisi kakhulu. Gcina igumbi ezingeni lokushisa elifanele umuntu omdala
• Ungabhemi ngesikhathi ukhulelwe noma uvumele noma ubani ukuba abheme eduze kwengane yakho

NIH: Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sempilo Yezingane Nokuthuthukiswa


Umbuzo:
Sawubona Dkt., ngicela ngine-umngane onalesi sifo.. Ngifuna ukwazi... njengoba ngifuna ukumshada... ngabe kuyisifo esithathelwanayo, futhi singaphola ngokuphelele na? Futhi ngingamusiza kanjani ukuthi alapheke kulesi sifo.. Ngicela impendulo yakho ngokushesha okukhulu kakhulu

Impendulo:
Ukwelashwa kwesifo somphefumulo (i-pneumonia) kuncike ekutheni hlobo luni lwesifo somphefumulo onalo nokuthi sibi kangakanani. Abantu abaningi abane-pneumonia etholakala emphakathini—uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesifo somphefumulo—belashwa ekhaya. Izinjongo zokwelashwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka nokuvimbela izinkinga.

Ukwelashwa Okujwayelekile
Uma unesifo somphefumulo, landela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa, thatha yonke imithi njengoba iyalelwe, futhi uthole ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuqhubekayo. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele uhlele nini ukunakekelwa okulandelayo. Udokotela wakho angafuna ukuba wenze isithombe-mbhobho sesifuba (i-x ray) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isifo somphefumulo sesiphelile. Nakuba ungaqala ukuzizwa ungcono emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto, ukukhathala kungaqhubeka inyanga noma ngaphezulu. Abantu abasheshe bashushumbiswa esibhedlela bangadinga okungenani amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuba babuyele emisebenzi yabo ejwayelekile.

Isifo Somphefumulo Esibangwa Amagciwane
Isifo somphefumulo esibangwa amagciwane selashwa ngemithi ebulala amagciwane (ama-antibiotics). Kufanele uthathe ama-antibiotics njengoba udokotela wakho eyalela. Ungaqala ukuzizwa ungcono ngaphambi kokuba uqede umuthi, kodwa kufanele uqhubeke nowuthatha njengoba uyalelwe. Uma uyeka masinyane kakhulu, isifo somphefumulo singabuya. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuba ngcono emva kwezinsuku ezingu-1 kuya ku-3 zokwelashwa ngama-antibiotics. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele bazizwe bengcono futhi babe nezimpawu ezincane, njengokukhwehlela nomkhuhlane.

Isifo Somphefumulo Esibangwa Amagciwane Amancane
Ama-antibiotics awasebenzi uma imbangela yesifo somphefumulo kuyigciwane elincane. Uma unesifo somphefumulo esibangwa igciwane elincane, udokotela wakho angakuyalela umuthi obulala amagciwane amancane ukusilapha. Isifo somphefumulo esibangwa igciwane elincane sivame ukuba ngcono emasontweni angu-1 kuya ku-3.

Ukwelapha Izimpawu Ezinzima
Ungadinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela uma:
• Izimpawu zakho zinzima
• Usengozini yokuba nezinkinga ngenxa yezinye izinkinga zempilo

Uma izinga lomoya omhlophe egazini lakho liphansi, ungathola ukwelashwa ngomoya omhlophe. Uma unesifo somphefumulo esibangwa amagciwane, udokotela wakho angakunika ama-antibiotics ngomthambo ongena ngqo emzimbeni (i-intravenous).


Umbuzo:
Uyini umkhondo wokulula ngemuva kokuba uphethwe ukufa uhlangothi?

Impendulo:
Ukuthi umuntu uzoba kanjani emva kwe-stroke kuncike:
- Uhlobo lwesifo sohlangothi
- Umonakalo ongakanani owenzeke emalini yobuchopho
- Yimiphi imisebenzi yomzimba ethintekile
- Ukushesha kokunikezwa ukwelashwa

Izinkinga zokuhamba, ukucabanga, nokukhuluma zivame ukuba ngcono emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva kwe-stroke. Abantu abaningi abake baba nesifo sohlangothi bayaqhubeka nokuba ngcono ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni. Ngaphezulu kwengxenye yabantu ababa nesifo sohlangothi bayakwazi ukusebenza nokuhlala emakhaya. Abanye abakwazi ukuzinakekela.

Uma ukwelashwa ngemithi yokuhlakazela amagquma egazi kuyaphumelela, izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zinganyamalala. Kodwa-ke, iziguli zivame ukungafiki esibhedlela ngesikhathi esanele ukuthola le mithi, noma azikwazi ukuyithatha ngenxa yesimo sempilo.

Abantu ababa nesifo sohlangothi ngenxa yegquma legazi (i-ischemic stroke) banethuba elingcono lokusinda kunalabo ababa nesifo sohlangothi ngenxa kokopha ebuchosheni (i-hemorrhagic stroke). Ubungozi besifo sohlangothi yesibili buphezulu kakhulu emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva kwesifo sohlangothi yokuqala. Ubungozi buqala ukwehla emva kwalesi sikhathi.


Umbuzo:
Ngabe lukhona ulwazi olutholakala kwabesifazane abasebenzisa noma abake basebenzisa lona? Ngingathanda ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izenzo zabo kulowo muthi. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngosizo lwakho.

Impendulo:
Ngaphandle kwemiphumela edingekayo, umuthi ungabanga eminye imiphumela engathandeki. Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi kungabi yiyo yonke le miphumela engathandeki engenzeka, uma yenzeka kungadingeka ukwelashwa. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma kwenzeka noma yimiphi yale miphumela engathandeki elandelayo:

Okungajwayelekile
Ukuphuka kwamathambo
Ubuhlungu basesifubeni sesifazane
Ubuhlungu esifubeni
Ukuqhaqhazela, umkhuhlane, noma izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane
Ukudangala emqondweni
Ukuphefumula nzima
Ukuvuvukala kwezinyawo noma imilenze engezansi

Okuvame kancane
Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa okuqhubekayo noma okubi kakhulu
Ukukhwehlela
Isiyezi noma ukuzizwa unesiyezi
Ukuquleka
Ukushaya ngokushesha kwenhliziyo
Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
Ukujuluka okwandile
Isicabucabu
Ubuhlungu esifubeni, esithweni sangasese, noma emilenzeni, ikakhulukazi amakalvu
Ukuphefumula nzima okubi kakhulu nokungalindelekile
Ubuhlungu bekhanda obukhulu nobusheshayo, obungalindelekile
Inkulumo ebhixayo
Ukulahlekelwa ngokushesha ukuxhumana komzimba
Ukuba buthakathaka okusheshayo nokubi kakhulu noma ukungezwa emlenzeni noma engalweni
Ukopha kwesibeletho
Izinguquko ekuboneni

Ukwenzeka okungakaziwa
Ukuzikhulula okunsundu, okufana nekhathari
Ukungaboni nya
Ukubona kufiphele
Ukushisa, ukukwekwezela, ukwenyanya, ukungezwa, ukuhlaba (okufana "nezinaliti nezingilazi"), noma imizwa yokukitaza
Ukungaphatheki kahle esifubeni
Ukubona kunciphe
Imithambo yentamo ekhukhumele
Ukukhathala okweqile
Isidingo esandile sokuchama
Ukuphefumula okungahlelekile
Ukushaya okungahlelekile kwenhliziyo
Ukuchama okubuhlungu noma okunzima
Ukuchama kaningi
Ubuhlungu emphinjeni
Izilonda, amaqhuqhuva, noma amabala amhlophe ezindebeni noma emlonyeni
Amaqhubu avuvukele
Ukopha noma ukuba nezibazi okungajwayelekile
Ukukhathala noma ukuba buthakathaka okungajwayelekile
Ukwenyuka kwesisindo
Ukukhala umphimbo
Okuphuma okumhlophe noma okunsundu esibeletho

Eminye imiphumela engathandeki ingenzeka ingadingeki ukwelashwa. Le miphumela engathandeki ingahamba ngesikhathi sokwelashwa njengoba umzimba wakho uzijwayeza umuthi. Futhi, uchwepheshe wezempilo angakwazi ukukutshela ngezindlela zokuvikela noma ukunciphisa eminye yale miphumela engathandeki. Xhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo uma noma yimiphi yale miphumela engathandeki elandelayo iqhubeka noma iyakhathaza noma uma unemibuzo ngayo:

Okujwayelekile kakhulu
Ubuhlungu bemuva
Ubuhlungu bamathambo
Ukushisa okusheshayo (ukujuluka okusheshayo nokuzwa ukushisa)
Ubuhlungu bamalunga
Ubuhlungu wezicubu

Okungajwayelekile
Ukwesaba
Ukudideka
Ukuqinisa isisu
Isihudo
Umlomo owomile
Ubuhlungu bekhanda
Ukwenyuka kokoma
Ukulahlekelwa yinkanuko yokudla noma ukwehla kwesisindo
Ukunambitha okufana nensimbi
Ukuqubuka noma ukwenyanya kwesikhumba
Ukulala
Ukuzizwa uzungeza noma ujikeleza okubangela ukulahlekelwa ukuxhumana
Ubuhlungu noma ukungaphatheki kahle esiswini
Ukungalali kahle
Ukuphalaza
Ukuba buthakathaka

Ukwenzeka okungakaziwa
Ukunambitha okubi, okungajwayelekile, noma okungathandeki (emva) nokomelela
Ukukhohlwa
Ukushintsha kokunambitha
Ukoma kwesikhumba
Ukuwa kwezinwele
Amaqhuqhuva noma amaqhubukwana
Ukwenyuka kwenkanuko yokudla
Ukucasuka
Ukuphazamiseka
Amehlo abomvu, abuhlungu
Ukubomva kwesikhumba
Ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala komlomo

Eminye imiphumela engathandeki engabhalwanga lapha ingenzeka nakwabanye iziguli. Uma ubona noma yimiphi eminye imiphumela, xhumana nochwepheshe wakho wezempilo. Shayela udokotela wakho ukuze uthole izeluleko zokwelapha mayelana nemiphumela engathandeki. Ungabika imiphumela engathandeki kwi-FDA kwinombolo ethi 1-800-FDA-1088 (le nombolo isebenza e-United States kuphela).


Umbuzo:
Yimiphi imithi kanye nokudla okunganikezwa isiguli se-ALS ukusiza ekunciphiseni ukuphola kokuqhubeka kwesifo

Impendulo:
Akukho ukwelapha okutholakele okwamanje kwe-ALS. Kodwa-ke, umuthi i-riluzole--owodwa umuthi ogunyaziwe yi-Food and Drug Administration (inhlangano yaselweni yaseMelika ephethe ukudla nemithi) ukwelapha i-ALS--wengeza impilo ngezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu kodwa awulungisi izimpawu. I-FDA iphinde yagunyaza i-NeuRx Diaphragm Pacing System (uhlelo lokusiza ukuphefumula ngokusebenzisa ugesi), esebenzisa ama-electrodes afakiwe kanye nebhokisi lebhethri ukwenza i-diaphragm (umsipha wokuphefumula) ukhwehle, ukusiza abanye abantu abane-ALS kanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula ngenzuzo evamile yezinyanga eziyi-16 ngaphambi kokuqala kokwehluleka okukhulu kwemithambo yokuphefumula. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zenzelwe ukunqanda izimpawu nokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo labantu abane-ALS. Imithi iyatholakala ukusiza abantu abane-spasticity (ukuqina okungalawuleki kwemisipha), ubuhlungu, ukwethuka okusheshayo, kanye nokudumala. Ukwelashwa ngokwenyama (physiotherapy), ukwelashwa kwezomsebenzi, kanye nokuvuselela kungasiza ukuvimbela ukunganyakazi kwamalunga nokunciphisa ukubuthaka kwemisipha nokunciphe kwayo. Abantu abane-ALS bangagcina becabanga ngezinhlobo zokwelapha ngomshini wokuphefumula (ama-respirator okusiza ukuphefumula).


Umbuzo:
Ingabe i-macular degeneration kwelinye ilihlo kuphela ingabangela isiyezi?

Impendulo:
Ukuzizwa unesiyezi (isiZulu: ukuba nesiyezi) kwenzeka uma ubuchopho bakho bungatholi igazi elanele. Lokhu kungenzeka uma:
- Unokwehla okusheshayo kwengcindezi yegazi.
- Umzimba wakho ungenayo amanzi anele (womile) ngenxa yokuphalaza, uhudo, umkhuhlane, nezinye izimo.
- Usukuma ngokushesha kakhulu emva kokuhlala noma ukulala phansi (lokhu kujwayeleke kakhulu kubantu abadala).

Ukuzizwa unesiyezi kungenzeka futhi uma unomkhuhlane, igazi lakho lineshukela eliphansi, unesikhwenkhwe, noma ama-aloji. Izimo ezinzima kakhulu ezingaholela ekuzizweni unesiyezi zibandakanya:
- Izinkinga zenhliziyo, njengokuhlasela kwenhliziyo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
- Ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegazi ebuchosheni (i-stroke)
- Ukopha ngaphakathi komzimba
- Ukwehla okusheshayo kwengcindezi yegazi okubucayi (i-shock)

Uma kunoma yiziphi kulezi zimo ezinzima, ujwayele ukuba nezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ukuzwa inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha, ukulahlekelwa yinkulumo, ukushintsha kokubona, noma ezinye izimpawu ezibucayi.

I-vertigo (ukuzizwa uzungezwa yizinto) ingabangelwa:
- I-benign positional vertigo (ukuzizwa uzungeza okuhambisana nokunyakaza kwekhanda)
- I-labyrinthitis (ukuvuvukala kwendlebe yangaphakathi ngenxa yegciwane), okujwayele ukwenzeka emva kwesikhwenkhwe noma umkhuhlane
- Isifo sikaMeniere (inkinga ejwayelekile yendlebe yangaphakathi eholela ekuzizweni uzungezwa)

Ezinye izizathu zokuzizwa unesiyezi noma i-vertigo zingabandakanya:
- Ukusebenzisa imithi ethile
- Ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegazi ebuchosheni (i-stroke)
- I-multiple sclerosis (isifo esiphazamisa ukusebenza kwemizwa)
- Ukuqhuma kwezindlala
- Isibhoko sobuchopho
- Ukopha ebuchosheni


Umbuzo:
Ngibe nohudo olubi kakhulu ngempelasonto, ngase ngicabanga ngendlela umama wami ayesebenzisa ngayo umuthi wepaRegoric. Ngaya esitolo semithi ukuyothenga, kodwa wathi abasayithengisi nhlobo. NGICELA USIZO!

Impendulo:
Emacaleni amaningi oshudugeki, ukwelashwa okudingekayo kuphela ukubuyisela amanzi nama-electrolyte alahlekile ukuvikela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela njenge-loperamide (Imodium) ne-bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol neKaopectate) ingasiza ukumisa ushudugeki kubantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanobudayela obunegazi—uphawu lokutheleleka ngamagciwane abaktheria noma izibungu—akufanele basebenzise le mithi. Uma ushudugeki ubangelwa amagciwane noma izibungu, imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela ingaqhubezela inkinga, ngakho-ke odokotela bajwayele ukunikeza ama-antibiotics esikhundleni sayo. Imithi yokwelapha ushudugeki kubantu abadala ingaba yingozi ezinsaneni nasezinganeni futhi kufanele inikezwe kuphela ngokuqondiswa ngudokotela.


Umbuzo:
Ngingangena yini ebhavini, echwebeni noma ngigeze ngigqoke iplasta elinolidocaine? Uma kungenjalo, ngingalisusa yini iplasta (amabili noma amathathu), bese ngifaka elisha endaweni ehlukile ngesikhathi esisele sehora ezingu-12 "sokusetshenziswa"?

Impendulo:
I-Lidocaine iza njengephalasti (iphalasthi) elibhekwa esikhumbaneni. Lisetshenziswa kanye ngosuku kuphela uma kudingeka kwehlise ubuhlungu. Landela imiyalelo etholakala kwilabeli yomuthi wakho ngokucophelela, futhi ucele udokotela wakho noma umkhiqizi wemithi ukuthi achaze noma yiliphi ingxenye ongayiqondi. Sebenzisa amaphalasti e-lidocaine ngendlela eshiwo ngqo. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungasebenzisa amaphalasti amangaki e-lidocaine ngesikhathi esisodwa nokuthi ungawagcina isikhathi esingakanani. Ungafaki amaphalasti angaphezu kwesithathu ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ungawagcini amaphalasti isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-12 ngosuku. Ukusebenzisa amaphalasti amaningi kakhulu noma ukuwagcina isikhathi eside kakhulu kungabanga imiphumela emibi. Ukufaka amaphalasti, landela lezi zinyathelo: Buka isikhumba ozofaka kuso iphalasti le-lidocaine. Uma isikhumba siqhephuke, sinezilonda noma sivuvukele, ungafaki iphalasti kuleso ndawo. Sebenzisa isikelo ukususa isivalo sangaphandle esipaketheni. Bese uvula isivalo esivalekayo. Khipha amaphalasti afinyelela kwesithathu epaketheni bese uvala kahle isivalo esivalekayo. Amaphalasti asele angoma uma isivalo esivalekayo singavalwanga ngokugcwele. Sika amaphalasti ukuze alingane nendawo ebuhlungu kakhulu. Khipha iphepha elingemuva elikhanyayo kwephalasti. Cindezela iphalasti ngokuqinile esikhumbaneni sakho. Uma ufaka iphalasti ebusweni bakho, qaphela ukuthi lingathinti amehlo akho. Uma uthola i-lidocaine ehlela emehlweni akho, wageze ngamanzi amaningi noma ngesiluphambana samanzi nesawoti. Geza izandla zakho ngemuva kokuphatha amaphalasti e-lidocaine. Ungaphindi usebenzise amaphalasti e-lidocaine. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa iphalasti, likhiphe bese ulilahlela kude nezingane nezilwane zasekhaya. Amaphalasti asetshenziswayo anomuthi owanele ukuba ungalimaza kakhulu ingane noma isilwane sasekhaya - qaphela kakhulu!


Umbuzo:
Ngicela ulwazi ngalomuthi - BUPROPION 100MG, nokuthi usetshenziswa kanjani nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela engemihle yalomuthi.

Impendulo:
Ulwazi olufakwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana sezinga lokwenzeka ezillingweni ezilawulwayo se-IMIPHUMELA EMIBI lusekelwe ikakhulukazi kudatha evela kukulingwa okuhleliwe kwezokwelapha ngamaphilisi e-Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release (SR) (amaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride akhululwa kancane). Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nemiphumela emibi ehambisana nesakhiwo sika-bupropion esikhululwa kancane ezillingweni zokuyeka ukubhema, kanye nesakhiwo sika-bupropion esisheshe sikhululwe, sifakwe esigabeni esahlukile (bheka IMIPHUMELA EMIBI, Eminye Imiphumela Eboniwe Ngesikhathi Sokuthuthukiswa Kwezokwelapha kanye Nolwazi Olutholakale Emva Kokukhishwa Kwezimakethe ze-Bupropion).

Izinga Lokwenzeka Ezillingweni Ezilawulwayo Ngamaphilisi e-Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release (SR)

Imiphumela Emibi Ehambisana Nokuyeka Ukwelashwa Phakathi Kweziguli Ezilashwa Ngamaphilisi e-Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release (SR)

Ezillingweni ezilawulwa ngeplasebo, iziguli eziyisishiyagalolunye ekhulwini kanye neziyishumi nanye ekhulwini ezilashwa nge-300 mg/usuku kanye ne-400 mg/usuku, ngokulandelana, yamaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (SR) kanye nezine ekhulwini zeziguli ezilashwa ngeplasebo zayeka ukwelashwa ngenxa yemiphumela emibi. Imiphumela emibi ethile kulezi zilingo eyaholela ekuyekeni okungenani ezigulini eziyisikhombisa ekhulwini ezilashwa noma nge-300 mg/usuku noma nge-400 mg/usuku yamaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (SR) kanye nezinga elingaphezu kwesibili leplasebo ibhalwe kuThebula lesine.

Imiphumela Emibi Evela Ngezinga Eliyisikhombisa Ekhulwini Noma Ngaphezulu Phakathi Kweziguli Ezilashwa Ngamaphilisi e-Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release (SR)

IThebula lesihlanu libala imiphumela emibi evela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa eyenzeka phakathi kweziguli ezilashwa nge-300 mg/usuku kanye ne-400 mg/usuku yamaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (SR) kanye neplasebo ezillingweni ezilawulwa ngeplasebo. Imiphumela eyenzeka noma eqenjini le-300-mg/usuku noma le-400-mg/usuku ngezinga eliyisikhombisa ekhulwini noma ngaphezulu futhi eyayivame kakhulu kunasesigabeni seplasebo ifakiwe. Imiphumela emibi ebikwayo yahlukaniswa kusetshenziswa isichazamazwi esisekelwe ku-COSTART (uhlu lwezigaba zokuhlelwa kwemiphumela emibi).

Izilinganiso eziqondile zezinga lemiphumela emibi ehambisana nokusetshenziswa kwanoma yimuphi umuthi kunzima ukuyithola. Izilinganiso zithintwa yidozi yomuthi, indlela yokubona, indawo, izinqumo zezokwelapha, nokunye. Izibalo ezicashunwe azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ukubikezela ngokuqondile izinga lemiphumela engalindelekile ekuhambeni kwenkambiso ejwayelekile yezokwelapha lapho izici zesiguli nezinye izinto zihluke kulezo ezazizinzile ezillingweni zezokwelapha. Lezi zibalo zezinga futhi azikwazi ukuqhathaniswa nalezo ezitholakale kwezinye izifundo zezokwelapha ezibandakanya imikhiqizo yemithi ehlobene njengoba iqembu ngalinye lezilingo zemithi lenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene.

Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi lolu hlu alubonisi ubunzima obuhlobene kanye/noma ukubaluleka kwezokwelapha kwemiphumela. Umbono ongcono wemiphumela emibi enzima ehambisana nokusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (SR) unikezwe ezigabeni zama-IZEXWAYISO nama-IZIQAPHELO.

Izinga Lemiphumela Emibi Evame Ukubonwa Ezillingweni Ezilawulwayo Zezokwelapha

Imiphumela emibi evela kuThebula lesihlanu eyenzeka okungenani ezigulini ezinhlanu ekhulwini ezilashwa ngamaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (SR) kanye nezinga elingaphezu kwesibili leplasebo ibhalwe ngezansi yamaqembu edozi ye-300-mg/usuku kanye ne-400-mg/usuku.

Amaphilisi e-Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release (SR) 300 mg/usuku: Ukungadli, umlomo owomile, ukuqubuka, ukujuluka, umsindo ezindlebeni kanye nokuthuthumela.

Amaphilisi e-Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release (SR) 400 mg/usuku: Ubuhlungu besisu, ukuphaphazela, ukwesaba, isiyezi, umlomo owomile, ukungalali, ubuhlungu bezicubu, isicabucabu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngamandla, ukuvuvukala komphimbo, ukujuluka, umsindo ezindlebeni kanye nokuchama njalo.

Eminye Imiphumela Eboniwe Ngesikhathi Sokuthuthukiswa Kwezokwelapha kanye Nolwazi Olutholakale Emva Kokukhishwa Kwezimakethe ze-Bupropion

Ngaphezu kwemiphumela emibi eshiwo ngenhla, le miphumela elandelayo ibikwe ezillingweni zezokwelapha kanye nolwazi olutholakale emva kokukhishwa kwezimakethe ngesakhiwo sika-bupropion esikhululwa kancane (SR) ezigulini ezinokudangala kanye nababhemi abangenakho ukudangala, kanye nasezillingweni zezokwelapha kanye nolwazi lwezokwelapha olutholakale emva kokukhishwa kwezimakethe ngesakhiwo sika-bupropion esisheshe sikhululwe.

Imiphumela emibi okuthi izinga layo linikezwe ngezansi yenzeka ezillingweni zezokwelapha ngesakhiwo sika-bupropion esikhululwa kancane (SR). Amazinga amele isabelo seziguli ezaba nemiphumela emibi evela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okungenani kanye ezillingweni ezilawulwa ngeplasebo zokudangala (iziguli ezingama-987) noma ukuyeka ukubhema (iziguli eziyinkulungwane namashumi amabili nantathu) noma iziguli ezaba nomthelela omubi odinga ukuyeka ukwelashwa esifundweni sokuqapha esivulekile ngamaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (SR) (iziguli ezinkulungwane ezintathu nekhulu). Yonke imiphumela emibi evela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ifakiwe ngaphandle kwalowo obhalwe kumaThebula amabili kuya kwamahlanu, leyo miphumela ebhalwe kwezinye izigaba eziphathelene nokuphepha, leyo miphumela emibi engaphansi kwemigomo ye-COSTART eyinhloko kakhulu noma eqondile kakhulu ngendlela yokuthi ayinalo ulwazi, leyo miphumela engahlobene ngokufanele nokusetshenziswa komuthi kanye naleyo miphumela eyayingenzeki kakhulu futhi yenzeka ezigulini ezingaphansi kwezimbili. Imiphumela ebalulekile kakhulu ngokwezokwelapha ichazwe ezigabeni zama-IZEXWAYISO nama-IZIQAPHELO zelebuli.

Imiphumela ihlukaniswe ngokwezigaba zomzimba futhi ibhalwe ngokulandelana kokwehla kwezinga ngokwezincazelo zokuvama ezilandelayo: Imiphumela emibi evamile ichazwa njengaleyo eyenzeka okungenani kuyisiguli esisodwa kweziyikhulu. Imiphumela emibi engavamile yileyo eyenzeka kuyisiguli esisodwa kweziyikhulu kuya kwesisodwa kweziyinkulungwane yeziguli, kanti imiphumela eyingcosana yileyo eyenzeka kwezingaphansi kwesisodwa kweziyinkulungwane yeziguli.

Imiphumela emibi okuthi amazinga ayo anganikezwanga yenzeka ezillingweni zezokwelapha noma olwazini olutholakale emva kokukhishwa kwezimakethe ze-bupropion. Kufakwe kuphela leyo miphumela emibi engabhalwanga ngaphambili ye-bupropion esikhululwa kancane (SR). Izinga lokuthi le miphumela ingahlobana kanjani namaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (SR) alwaziwa.

Umzimba (Jikelele): Okungavamile kwakungamaqhuqhuva, ukuvuvuka kobuso, ubuhlungu besifuba sezicubu zomzimba kanye nokukhathazeka yimisebe yelanga. Okungajwayelekile kwakuwukuphela amandla. Kuphinde kwabonakala ubuhlungu bamalunga, ubuhlungu bezicubu kanye nomkhuhlane onombala kanye nezinye izimpawu ezisho ukuzwela okuhleliwe. Lezi zimpawu zingafana nesifo segazi (bheka IZIQAPHELO).

Inhliziyo Nemithambo: Okungavamile kwakuwukwehla kwegazi uma umile, ukushaywa yistrokhi, ukushaya kakhulu kwenhliziyo kanye nokuvuleka kwemithambo. Okungajwayelekile kwakuwukuphelelwa ngamandla. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukuvimba okuphelele kwe-atrioventricular, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ukwehla kwegazi, ukwenyuka kwegazi (kwezinye izimo kubi kakhulu, bheka IZIQAPHELO), ukufa kwengxenye yenhliziyo, ukuvuvuka kwemithambo kanye nokuvimba kwemithambo yegazi ephashini.

Ukugaya: Okungavamile kwakuwukusebenza okungajwayelekile kwesibindi, ukugedla amazinyo ngesikhathi ulele, ukubuya kwesisu, ukuvuvuka kwezinsini, ukuvuvuka kolimi, ukwanda kwamathe, i-jaundice, izilonda zomlomo, ukuvuvuka komlomo kanye nokoma. Okungajwayelekile kwakuwukuvuvuka kolimi. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukuvuvuka kwamathunjana amancane, ukuvuvuka kwesiphundu, ukopha kwesisu, ukopha kwezinsini, ukuvuvuka kwesibindi, ukubhodloka kwemithambo yesisu, ukulimala kwesibindi, ukuvuvuka kwenkaba kanye nesilonda sesisu.

Izindlala: Kuphinde kwabonakala ukwenyuka kwezinga likashukela, ukwehla kwezinga likashukela kanye nenkinga yehomoni engafanele ye-antidiuretic.

Igazi Namalunga Omzimba: Okungavamile kwakuwukuba nombala obomvu ngenxa yokopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukwehla kwegazi elibomvu, ukwanda kwamasosha omzimba, ukwehla kwamasosha omzimba, ukuvuvuka kwamadlala, ukwehla kwamasosha omzimba wonke kanye nokwehla kwamapuleti egazi. Ukushintsha kwesikhathi sokubamba kwegazi kanye/noma izinga lokuhlangana kwegazi, okungavamile okuhambisana nokukopha noma izinkinga zokuvimba kwegazi, kwabonakala lapho i-bupropion iphiwa kanye nemithi yokunciphisa ukubamba kwegazi.

Ukushintsha Kwezakhi Zomzimba Nokondla: Okungavamile kwakuwukuvuvuka kanye nokuvuvuka kwemilenze. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukuba noshukela emchamo.

Izicubu Namathambo: Okungavamile kwakuwukuhlangana kwemilenze. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukuqina kwezicubu/umkhuhlane/ukufa kwezicubu kanye nobuthakathaka bezicubu.

Uhlelo Lwemizwa: Okungavamile kwakuwukungahambisani okungajwayelekile, ukwehla kocansi, ukungaboni ubuwena, ukuzizwa kabi, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa, inzondo, ukushukuma ngokweqile, ukuqina kakhulu kwezicubu, ukwehla kwemizwa, imicabango yokuzibulala kanye nokuzizwa ujikelezwa yikhanda. Okungajwayelekile kwakuwukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukungakwazi ukuhamba kahle, ukungakholwa yizimo eziyiqiniso kanye nokuzizwa ujabule kakhulu ngokweqile. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yobuchopho okungajwayelekile, ukwehluleka ukushukuma, ukuhlasela, ukungakwazi ukukhuluma, ukoma, ukuzibulala okuphelele, ukudideka, ukukhohliseka, ukungakhulumi kahle, ukushukuma okungalawuleki, ukuqina okungajwayelekile kwezicubu, ukuzizwa ujabule kakhulu, izimpawu ezingajwayelekile zokushukuma, ukubona izinto ezingekho, ukwehluleka ukushukuma, ukwenyuka kocansi, ukuphenduka ngokwengqondo, ubuhlungu bemizwa, ukugula kwemizwa, imicabango yokusola, ukungahlali ndawonye, ukuzama ukuzibulala kanye nokuvela kokushukuma okungalawuleki.

Ukuphefumula: Okungajwayelekile kwakuwukuhefuzela. Kuphinde kwabonakala isifo samaphaphu.

Isikhumba: Okungajwayelekile kwakuwukuqubuka okubomvu. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukuwa kwezinwele, ukuvuvuka kwesikhumba, ukubhibha kwesikhumba kanye nokumila kwezinwele ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile.

Imizwa Ekhethekile: Okungavamile kwakuwukungalungisi kahle nokoma kwamehlo. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukungezwa, ukubona okubili, ukwenyuka kwengcindezi yeso kanye nokuvuleka kakhulu kwamehlo.

Izitho Zangasese: Okungavamile kwakuwukungakwazi ukuvuka kwesitho sowesilisa, ukuchama okuningi kanye nenkinga yesitho sangasese sowesilisa. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukuphuma kwembewu okungajwayelekile, ukuvuvuka kwesidleke somchamo, ubuhlungu ngesikhathi socansi, ubuhlungu uma uchama, ukukhula kwamabele kubesilisa, ukuphela kwesikhathi sokuyakwenyanga, ukuvuka kwesitho sowesilisa okubuhlungu, ukuvuvuka kwesibeletho, ukungakwazi ukubamba umchamo, ukubambeka komchamo kanye nokuvuvuka kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.


Umbuzo:
Nginomlando wezilopu zepeptic, ngakho-ke angithathi i-aspirin noma yini equkethe yona. Nokho, ngisezwa ubuhlungu obubangelwa izilopu uma ngithatha i-Tylenol, ikakhulukazi ngosuku lwesibili lokuyisebenzisa ngezinga elinqunyiwe. Yingani kunjalo?

Impendulo:
Isexwayiso ngesibindi (liver warning): Lo mkhiqizo uqukethe i-acetaminophen (paracetamol). Umonakalo omkhulu wesibindi ungenzeka uma:
• umuntu omdala ethatha amaphilisi angaphezu kwe-12 emahoreni angu-24, okuyinani eliphezulu ngosuku
• ingane ithatha amadozi angaphezu kuka-5 emahoreni angu-24, okuyinani eliphezulu ngosuku
• uthathwa nezinye izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-acetaminophen
• umuntu omdala uphuza iziphuzo okungenani ezintathu ezidakayo nsuku zonke ngenkathi esebenzisa lo mkhiqizo.

Ungasebenzisi:
• nanoma yimuphi omunye umuthi oqukethe i-acetaminophen (owokwelashwa noma ongenawo). Uma ungaqinisekile ukuthi umuthi uqukethe i-acetaminophen, buza udokotela noma usokhemisi.
• uma unokuzwela ku-acetaminophen noma nayiphi inhlanganisela engasebenzi kulo mkhiqizo

Yeka ukusebenzisa bese ucela udokotela uma:
• ubuhlungu buya bubi noma buqhubeka ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-10 kubantu abadala
• ubuhlungu buya bubi noma buqhubeka ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-5 ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12
• umkhuhlane uya uba mubi noma uqhubeka ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu
• kuvela izimpawu ezintsha
• kubonakala ukubomvu noma ukuvuvukala

Lezi zingaba yizimpawu zesimo esibucayi kakhulu.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, buza uchwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.

Gcina kude nezingane.

Buza udokotela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa uma umsebenzisi enesifo sesibindi.

Buza udokotela noma usokhemisi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa uma umsebenzisi ethatha umuthi wokunciphisa igazi (blood thinning drug) i-warfarin.


Umbuzo:
Eminyakeni engu-12 edlule, ngilumwe isikhunta ngenkathi ngizingela impofu. Indawo engilumeke kuyo yayinendilinga njengoba kuchazwe ezimpawini zesifo se-Lyme (isifo esibangwa ukululumwa yisikhunta). Ngelashwa ngama-antibiotics; kodwa-ke, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi nginezimpawu eziningi ezishiwo zesifo se-Lyme. Futhi, ngokuvamile ngaphambi, nangesikhathi salezi zimpawu, kuvela isicubu esibomvu-nsomi endaweni engilumeke kuyo emsimelweni. Ngicela ungichazele kabanzi ngesimo sami sempilo?

Impendulo:
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sika-Lyme kusetshenziswa ukuthola ukuthi umuntu onezimpawu ezithile usuke esuleleke yi-Borrelia burgdorferi. Uma udokotela esola ukuthi kunokutheleleka okusanda kwenzeka, angase ayalele kokubili ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-IgM (i-antibody ethile) ne-IgG (enye i-antibody). Uma lokhu kungenayo imiphumela kodwa izimpawu ziqhubeka, ukuhlolwa kungase kuphindwe emva kwamaviki ambalwa... Isifo sika-Lyme singaba lukhuni ukusithola noma ukusiqinisekisa.


Umbuzo:
Ngabe ama-schwannoma (izimila ezithile emzimbeni) amakhulu, angakwazi ukuhlinzwa angalashwa noma angancishiswa ngokusebenzisa i-chemotherapy noma umshini wokukhanya?

Impendulo:
Yelashwa kanjani i-vestibular schwannoma (isimila esikhula endlebeni yangaphakathi)? Njengoba isimila sikhula sikhulu, ukususwa kwaso ngokoqhuba kuba nzima kakhulu ngoba isimila singabe sesilimaze imizwa elawula ukunyakaza kobuso, ukuzwa, nokulinganisa umzimba futhi singabe sesihlasele nezinye izinzwa nezakhiwo zengqondo. Ukususwa kwezimila ezithinta ukuzwa, ukulinganisa umzimba, noma imizwa yobuso kungenza izimpawu zesiguli zibe zimbi kakhulu ngoba izingxenye zalezi zinzwa nazo zingadingeka ukuba zisuswe nesimila. Njengendlela ehlukile kuzindlela zokuhlinza ezijwayelekile, ukuhlinza ngokusetshenziswa kokukhanya (okusho ukuthi, ukwelashwa ngokukhanya—i-"gamma isibhamu" noma umshini we-LINAC) kungasetshenziswa ukunciphisa usayizi noma ukunciphisa ukukhula kwesimila.


Umbuzo:
Ebusuku, ngiba nokuzwela okubi kakhulu kwesikhumba ezinyaweni. Ingabe lokhu kubangelwa yinoma yimiphi imithi engiyinikiwe?

Impendulo:
Isifinyezo: Ukuluma kuwukuzwakala noma ukuhlukumezeka kwesikhumba okukwenza ufune ukuwenqena indawo elumayo. Kuyisimpawu sezimo eziningi zempilo. Imbangela ejwayelekile yilezi:

• Ukuphenduka kwesikhumba emithini ethile
• I-eczema (isifo sesikhumba esibangela ukuluma)
• Isikhumba esomile
• Ukulunywa nokulonywa yizinambuzane
• Amakhemikhali ahlukumezayo
• Izibungu ezifana nama-pinworms, iscabies, izintwala zekhanda nomzimba
• Ukukhulelwa
• Amaqhuqhuva
• Imiphumela emibi yemithi


Umbuzo:
I-bleach eziloveni zokucambalala? Yebo noma cha? Lapha kufakwa amanzi nendwangu?

(Qaphela: Ukusebenzisa i-bleach eziloveni zokucambalala kungaba yingozi. Sicela uxhumane nochwepheshe wezempilo ngokushesha.)

Impendulo:
Manje ososayensi eStanford University School of Medicine, eCalifornia, bacabanga ukuthi ingase ibe nezinye izindlela zokusebenza kwezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi ukwelapha isikhumba esonakele ngenxa yokwelashwa komdlavuza, amanxeba okubangwa ukulala isikhathi eside kanye namanxeba esifo sikashukela.


Umbuzo:
Ingabe ukuvimbela inzalo okubizwa nge-Ocella kungabanga i-DVT (ukuvimba kwegazi emithanjeni emakhulu)? Indodakazi yami izwa ubuhlungu obufana nokuqaqamba nokuhlabahlaba, ukubomba nokuvuvukala emathangeni ayo. Futhi, iba namahluli amakhulu kakhulu egazi ngesikhathi sokuya enyangeni ngemuva kokuba yayinikiwe i-Ocella ukuvimbela inzalo. Lezi zimpawu zaba zimbi kakhulu ngemuva kokuba esebelethile. Lokhu sekwenzeka unyaka manje. Ingabe kufanele axoxe ngalokhu nodokotela wakhe khona manje, ngokushesha okukhulu?

Impendulo:
Ulwazi lwesiguli: Ukuqumba kwemithambo ejulile (DVT) (Ngaphezu Kwezisekelo)

Izimo zokwelapha noma imishanguzo — Ezinye izimo zokwelapha nemishanguzo zandisa amathuba omuntu okuthola igazi eliqumbile:

● Ukukhulelwa
● Ukukhuluphala
● Ukubhema
● Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
● I-DVT noma i-PE (ukuvaleka kwemithambo yemiphefumulo) yangaphambilini
● Ubudala obandayo
● Umdlavuza — Eminye imihlaza yandisa izinto egazini ezibangela ukuba igazi liqumbe.
● Izinkinga zezinso, njenge-nephrotic syndrome (isifo sezinso esibangela ukuvuza kweprotheni) (bheka "Ulwazi lwesiguli: I-nephrotic syndrome (Ngaphezu Kwezisekelo)")
● Eminye imishanguzo (isibonelo: amaphilisi okuvimba inzalo, ukwelashwa ngokufakwa kwamahomoni okumela lawo angasekho emzimbeni, i-erythropoietin (umuthi wokwandisa amasosha abomvu egazini), i-tamoxifen (umuthi womdlavuza webele), i-thalidomide (umuthi wokulwa nomdlavuza)).

Ubungozi begazi eliqumbile buphinda bande kubantu abasebenzisa omunye wale mishanguzo, futhi baphinde babheme noma bakhuluphale.


Umbuzo:
Ingabe i-abscess emazinyweni ingabangela ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo (i-heart attack) yini?

Impendulo:
Izimpawu ezingavela ngenxa yesilonda sezinyo

Uma singalashwa, isifo sesilonda sezinyo esithuthukile singagubha umhlathi, okungaholela ekulahlekeni kwamazinyo kanye nokushintsha isimo sobuso ngenxa yamathambo obuso athambile nabuthakathaka. Lokhu kungakubeka engcupheni enkulu yezinye izinkinga zomzimba wonke njengokunyuka kweshukela, ukutheleleka kwegazi (i-septicaemia), izinkinga zokuphefumula, isifo senhliziyo kanye nokutheleleka kwemithambo yegazi nezihambi zegazi.


Umbuzo:
Ingabe i-macular degeneration kwelinye ilihlo kuphela ingabangela isiyezi?

Impendulo:
Ukungaqiniseki Ukungaqiniseki noma ukulahlekelwa uvimbo uma ume noma uhamba kuvame ukuzwakala kanye nesicanucanu nezinye izinhlobo zokuzungelezwa. Imbangela ihlanganisa:

• Izinkinga zendlebe yangaphakathi. Lokhu kungadala imizwa yokuba sengathi uyantanta noma ukungaqiniseki, ikakhulukazi ebumnyameni.

• Izinkinga zokubona. I-cataract, i-macular degeneration, i-glaucoma kanye nokuba buthaka kwamandla okubona (ukwehla kwamandla okubona) kuyizinto ezingabangela ukungaqiniseki.


Umbuzo:
Ingabe izingane ezisencane ezindadlana zingaba ne-jaundice? Yibuphi ubudala obungaba khona?

Impendulo:
Izingane eziningi ezinempilo ziba nomzimba ophuzi (i-jaundice) ngezinsuku zeviki lokuqala zizalwa. Ngokujwayelekile kuyazicisha. Kodwa-ke, ukuba phuzi kungenzeka nganoma yiliphi ibanga lempilo futhi kungaba uphawu lwenkinga. Ukuba phuzi kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, njengokuthi...


Umbuzo:
Sawubona Dokotela

Ngingowesilisa oneminyaka engu-39, futhi ngibhekene nenkinga yokungasebenzi kahle kwezobulili. Ukuvuka kwesitho sangasese kuhle, kodwa uma sesivukile, emva kwemizuzwana embalwa siyehla sibe njengento engaphili. Ngizwa sengathi sesinciphile isayizi saso. Ngikhathazekile. Ngicela ungeluleke ngomuthi walesi sifo, ngizokubonga kakhulu.

Enkosi
Ozithobayo
Faisal Ramzan
Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Impendulo:
UKWELAPHA UKUNGASEBENZI KAHLE KOCANSI KWABESILISA • Mayelana nezimbangela zengqondo zokungasebenzi kahle kocansi, njengezinkinga zobudlelwano, ukwelulekwa, noma ngamunye noma njengabantu ababili, kungasiza. Ukwelashwa kocansi ngomeluleki oqeqeshelwe ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi kungasiza futhi. • Isifo sokudumala noma izinkinga zokwesaba okweqile kungadinga ukwelashwa. • Noma yiziphi izinkinga zomzimba ezingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kocansi kufanele zilungiswe. • Uma umuthi uphazamisa ukusebenza kocansi, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokushintsha noma ukuyeka umuthi. • Imithi yokuhlela engalapha ukungaqini kwesitho sowesilisa (i-erectile dysfunction) ingasiza indoda ukuthi iqinise futhi igcine isitho sowesilisa siqinile. • Ukwelashwa ngamahomoni, njengokufakwa kwe-testosterone (ihomoni yesilisa), kungasiza ngokungalingani kwamahomoni okubanga ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi.


Umbuzo:
Mnumzane Othandekayo,

Indodakazi yami eneminyaka emi-4 izalwe inenkinga enzima yokungezwa ngezindlebe zombili. Siyinikeza ukuzama njalo izinsiza zokuzwa kanye nokwelashwa kokukhuluma nolimi. Ayikhombisi ukusabela. UDokotela usiphakamisele ukufakelwa isixhasi sokuzwa esifakwa ngaphakathi endlebeni (i-cochlear implant). Ngicela unginike iseluleko.

Impendulo:
Izingane kanye nabantu abadala bangaba ngabafanele ukuba nemishini yokuzwa ecoshwe endlebeni. Abantu abafanele le mishini bangase bazalwe beyizithulu noma babe yizithulu emva kokufunda ukukhuluma. Izingane ezincane kuneminyaka eyodwa manje ziyafaneleka ukuba zithole lobu buthi bokuhlinzwa. Yize izimiso zingafani kancane kubantu abadala nezingane, zisekelwe emithethweni efanayo: Umuntu kumele abe yisithulu ngokuphelele noma cishe ngokuphelele ezindlebeni zombili ngokuphelele, futhi bangatholi cishe lutho ngokuthuthuka ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zokuzwa. Noma ubani okwazi ukuzwa kahle ngokwanele ngezinsiza zokuzwa akafanelekile ukuba nemishini yokuzwa ecoshwe endlebeni.


Umbuzo:
Mnumzane/Nkosazana othandekayo,

Ngibhala kuwe egameni likaNkosikazi Saavedra, onengcindezi enkulu futhi enemicabango eminingi, efuna USIZO ngendodakazi yakhe uMariagracia. UMariagracia unesifo senhliziyo esibucayi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Tetralogy of Fallot (isifo esibandakanya izinkinga ezine enhliziyweni), uneminyaka ecishe ibe yisikhombisa ubudala futhi umndeni wakhe awunayo imali yokumbhekela ukuze athole ukwelashwa okufanele. UNkosikazi Saavedra uhola imali encane kakhulu, uhlala endlini eqashiwe nomyeni wakhe nezingane zakhe ezimbili, eLima - Peru. Usebenza esibhedlela sikazwelonke iCayetano Heredia futhi ubelokhu ethatha indodakazi yakhe ayise esibhedlela sezingane eLima kodwa akakwazi ukukhokhela imithi nokwelashwa abakucelayo, ufuna usizo ngokushesha okukhulu ngendodakazi yakhe.

Bengimangala ukuthi ngabe nina ninalo yini oxhumana naye lapha eLima wenhlangano engasiza uNkosikazi Saavedra. Bengilokhu ngifuna kodwa angitholanga lutho noma abangiphendulanga uma ngibabuza. Uma ngabe niyazi nganoma iyiphi inhlangano engasiza lapha eLima Peru, ngingajabula kakhulu futhi singasiza ukunika uMariagracia impilo engcono :-)

Ngingumsebenzi wezempilo nokunakekelwa komphakathi (Health and Social Care Worker) futhi ngisebenza esibhedlela nabasebenzi. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngesikhathi sakho

Karina Montes

kmontes44242@hotmail.com

Impendulo:
Medlife USA: Ikheli le-imeyili: info@medlifeweb.org  Ucingo: (USA) 1-844-MEDLIFE 1-844-633-5433  Amahora ehhovisi: 9 Ekuseni - 5 Ntambama (isikhathi saseMelika esimaphakathi)  Ifekisi: 207-433-5304


Umbuzo:
Ngabe unolwazi olwengeziwe ngaleso sibhuda esikhulonywe ngaso? Ingabe ukususwa kwaleso sibhuda esikhulonywe ngaso kuyinto enzima noma eyinkimbinkimbi?

Impendulo:
Iyelashwa kanjani i-vestibular schwannoma (isimila esikhula esiphundu)?


Umbuzo:
Sawubona Dkt. othandekayo, ngingumfundi wase-Afghanistan eNyuvesi yase-UKM eMalaysia. Amasilonda emlonyeni inkinga embi kakhulu empilweni yami, ngisho kathathu noma kane amasilonda akhula emlonyeni ngenyanga. Ngingakwazi ukudla noma ukuphuza, kodwa noma ngilunakekela umlomo wami nsuku zonke. Ngakho ngifisa ukuthi ungicebise mayelana nokususa la masilonda unomphela. Ngiyabonga kakhulu.

Impendulo:
Izilonda zomlomo azibosheleki. Zingenzeka uma unesifo segciwane. Zingaphinde zibangwe ukucindezeleka, ukungavumelani nokudla, ukuswela amavithamini nezakhamzimba, ukushintsha kwamahormone noma isikhathi sokuya enyangeni. Kwezinye izimo imbangela ayaziwa. Ezimweni eziningi, izilonda zomlomo ziyaziphola ngokwazo. Ezinye izigcobo, amakhilimu noma izigeziso zomlomo zingasiza ekwephuleni ubuhlungu. Ukugwema ukudla okushisayo nokushubile ngesikhathi unezilonda zomlomo nako kuyasiza.


Umbuzo:
Sawubona, ngingathanda ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-Familial Mediterranean Fever (isifo somndeni sasemazweni aseMediterranean) ngicela, njengoba umyeni wami ephathwa yilesi sifo. Ngiyabonga.

Impendulo:
Yini ifamilial Mediterranean fever? Ifamilial Mediterranean fever yisifo esidluliselwa ngokuzalwa esichazwa ngokuvela kabusha kokuvuvukala okubuhlungu esiswini, esifubeni, noma emazombeni. Lezi zikhathi zivame ukuhambisana nomkhuhlane futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukuqubuka kwesikhumba noma ubuhlungu bekhanda. Ngesinye isikhathi ukuvuvukala kungenzeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengenhliziyo; isikhwama esizungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla; nakubantu besilisa, amasende.

Cishe kungxenye yabantu abathintekile, ukuhlasela kuqalwa yizimpawu ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-prodrome (izimpawu ezandulela isifo). Lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa ukungaphatheki kahle okuncane endaweni ezovuvukala kamuva, noma imizwa ejwayelekile yokungaphatheki kahle.

Isigameko sokuqala sokugula kwifamilial Mediterranean fever sivame ukwenzeka ebunganeni noma eminyakeni yobusha, kodwa kwezinye izimo, ukuhlasela kokuqala kwenzeka kamuva kakhulu empilweni. Ngokuvamile, izikhathi zithatha amahora angu-12 kuya ku-72 futhi zingahluka ngokubaluleka. Isikhathi phakathi kokuhlasela siyahluka futhi singasuka ezinsukwini kuya eminyakeni.

Ngalezi zikhathi, abantu abathintekile ngokuvamile abanazimpawu ezihlobene nalesi simo. Kodwa, uma kungalashwa ukuvimbela ukuhlasela nezinkinga, kungenzeka ukwakheka kwamadiphozithi eprotheni (i-amyloidosis - ukuqoqana kwamaphrotheni angenampilo) ezithweni nasemathishwini omzimba. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezinsweni, okungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwazo ukusebenza.