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---
license: mit
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: "SAT_train.parquet"
  - split: static
    path: "SAT_static.parquet"
  - split: val
    path: "SAT_val.parquet"
  - split: test
    path: "SAT_test.parquet"
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: image_bytes
    list:
      dtype: image
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: answers
    list:
      dtype: string
  - name: question_type
    dtype: string
  - name: correct_answer
    dtype: string
task_categories:
- question-answering
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
---
# SAT: Spatial Aptitude Training for Multimodal Language Models

[Project Page](https://arijitray1993.github.io/SAT/)

![SAT Data](https://arijitray1993.github.io/SAT/SAT_webpage/static/images/sat_teaser.png)


To use the dataset, first make sure you have Python3.10 and Huggingface datasets version 3.0.2 (`pip install datasets==3.0.2`):

```python
from datasets import load_dataset
import io

split = "val"
dataset = load_dataset("array/SAT", batch_size=128)

example = dataset[split][10] # example 10th item

images = [Image.open(io.BytesIO(im_bytes)) for im_bytes in example['image_bytes']] # this is a list of images. Some questions are on one image, and some on 2 images

question = example['question']
answer_choices = example['answers']
correct_answer = example['correct_answer']

```

The available `split` choices are:
- `train`: (175K image QA pairs) Train split of SAT data that includes both static relationships and dyamic spatial QAs involving object and scene motion. For motion-based questions, there are two images. 
- `static`:  (127K image QA pairs) Train split of SAT data that includes _only_ static QAs. Always has one image only.
- `val`: (4K image QA pairs) Synthetic validation split. 
- `test`: (150 image QA pairs) Real-image dynamic test set.  




If you find this data useful, please consider citing:

```
@misc{ray2025satdynamicspatialaptitude,
      title={SAT: Dynamic Spatial Aptitude Training for Multimodal Language Models}, 
      author={Arijit Ray and Jiafei Duan and Ellis Brown and Reuben Tan and Dina Bashkirova and Rose Hendrix and Kiana Ehsani and Aniruddha Kembhavi and Bryan A. Plummer and Ranjay Krishna and Kuo-Hao Zeng and Kate Saenko},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2412.07755},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CV},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.07755}, 
}
```