Input: "46" "." "De" "rechtspraak" "die" "is" "ontwikkeld" "in" "het" "arrest" "Simmenthal" "," "waarin" "het" "constitutionele" "voorrangsbeginsel" "is" "neergelegd" "en" "is" "gewezen" "op" "de" "rol" "van" "rechterlijke" "instanties" "en" "bestuursorganen" "bij" "het" "verzekeren" "van" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "," "is" "op" "dat" "onderscheid" "gebaseerd" "." "(" "12" ")" "Dat" "onderscheid" "berust" "op" "de" "gedecentraliseerde" "architectuur" "van" "de" "rechtsorde" "van" "de" "Unie" "," "waarin" "het" "aan" "de" "afzonderlijke" "lidstaten" "is" "overgelaten" "om" "te" "bepalen" "langs" "welke" "wegen" "een" "persoon" "wiens" "uit" "het" "Unierecht" "voortvloeiende" "rechten" "zijn" "geschonden" "," "zijn" "recht" "kan" "halen" "," "en" "," "belangrijker" "nog" "," "om" "uit" "te" "maken" "welke" "instanties" "bevoegd" "zijn" "om" "wetgeving" "buiten" "werking" "te" "stellen" "(" "of" "ongeldig" "te" "verklaren" ")" "."


Input: "a" ")" "Noodzaak" "om" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "te" "verzekeren" ":" "verplichting" "van" "alle" "overheidsorganen" "om" "met" "het" "Unierecht" "strijdige" "nationale" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "te" "laten"


Input: "47" "." "De" "in" "het" "arrest" "Simmenthal" "(" "13" ")" "ontwikkelde" "rechtspraak" "heeft" "betrekking" "op" "de" "buitentoepassinglating" "van" "wetgeving" "of" "," "preciezer" "gezegd" "," "op" "de" "op" "alle" "overheidsorganen" "rustende" "verplichting" "om" "geen" "bepalingen" "van" "nationaal" "recht" "toe" "te" "passen" "die" "met" "het" "Unierecht" "in" "strijd" "zijn" "–" "een" "verplichting" "die" "onvermijdelijk" "voortvloeit" "uit" "het" "in" "het" "arrest" "Van" "Gend" "en" "Loos" "(" "14" ")" "ontwikkelde" "constitutionele" "leerstuk" "van" "de" "rechtstreekse" "werking" "."


Input: "Behalve" "dat" "het" "Hof" "in" "het" "arrest" "Simmenthal" "de" "basis" "heeft" "gelegd" "voor" "een" "netwerk" "van" "EU-gerechten" "," "heeft" "het" "in" "dat" "arrest" "zoals" "bekend" "geoordeeld" ":"


Input: "[" "Dat" "]" "elke" "in" "het" "kader" "zijner" "bevoegdheid" "aangezochte" "nationale" "rechter" "verplicht" "is" "het" "[" "Unierecht" "]" "integraal" "toe" "te" "passen" "en" "de" "door" "dit" "recht" "aan" "particulieren" "toegekende" "rechten" "te" "beschermen" "," "daarbij" "buiten" "toepassing" "latend" "elke" "eventueel" "strijdige" "bepaling" "van" "de" "nationale" "wet" "," "ongeacht" "of" "deze" "van" "vroegere" "of" "latere" "datum" "is" "dan" "de" "[" "Unierechtelijke" "regel" "]" ";"


Input: "22" "." "dat" "derhalve" "met" "de" "vereisten" "welke" "in" "de" "eigen" "aard" "van" "het" "[" "Unierecht" "]" "besloten" "liggen" "onverenigbaar" "is" "elke" "bepaling" "van" "een" "nationale" "rechtsorde" "of" "enige" "wetgevende" "," "bestuurlijke" "of" "rechterlijke" "praktijk" "die" "ertoe" "zou" "leiden" "de" "uitwerking" "van" "het" "[" "Unierecht" "]" "te" "verminderen" "doordat" "aan" "de" "inzake" "de" "toepassing" "van" "dit" "recht" "bevoegde" "rechter" "de" "macht" "wordt" "ontzegd" "aanstonds" "bij" "deze" "toepassing" "al" "het" "nodige" "te" "doen" "voor" "de" "terzijdestelling" "van" "de" "nationale" "wettelijke" "bepalingen" "die" "eventueel" "in" "de" "weg" "staan" "aan" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "de" "[" "Unierechtelijke" "regels" "]" ";"


Input: "23" "." "dat" "zulks" "het" "geval" "zou" "zijn" "," "indien" "bij" "een" "eventuele" "tegenstrijdigheid" "van" "een" "bepaling" "van" "het" "[" "Unierecht" "]" "met" "een" "latere" "nationale" "wet" "de" "oplossing" "van" "dit" "conflict" "zou" "zijn" "voorbehouden" "niet" "aan" "de" "tot" "toepassing" "van" "het" "[" "Unierecht" "]" "geroepen" "rechter" "," "doch" "aan" "een" "met" "eigen" "beoordelingsbevoegdheid" "bekleed" "ander" "gezag" "," "ook" "al" "zou" "de" "hieruit" "voortvloeiende" "belemmering" "voor" "de" "volledige" "werking" "van" "dit" "recht" "slechts" "van" "tijdelijke" "aard" "zijn" ";"


Input: "24" "." "dat" "derhalve" "[" "…" "]" "de" "nationale" "rechter" "," "belast" "met" "de" "toepassing" "," "in" "het" "kader" "zijner" "bevoegdheid" "," "van" "de" "bepalingen" "van" "het" "[" "Unierecht" "]" "," "verplicht" "is" "zorg" "te" "dragen" "voor" "de" "volle" "werking" "dezer" "normen" "," "daarbij" "zo" "nodig" "," "op" "eigen" "gezag" "," "elke" "strijdige" "bepaling" "van" "de" "–" "zelfs" "latere" "–" "nationale" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "latende" "," "zonder" "dat" "hij" "de" "voorafgaande" "opheffing" "hiervan" "via" "de" "wetgeving" "of" "enige" "andere" "constitutionele" "procedure" "heeft" "te" "vragen" "of" "af" "te" "wachten" "”" "." "(" "15" ")"


Input: "48" "." "Het" "arrest" "Simmenthal" "had" "met" "andere" "woorden" "(" "behalve" "op" "andere" "vragen" "van" "fundamenteel" "constitutioneel" "belang" ")" "betrekking" "op" "de" "bevoegdheden" "van" "een" "lagere" "rechter" "om" "een" "met" "het" "Unierecht" "strijdige" "bepaling" "van" "nationaal" "recht" "buiten" "toepassing" "te" "laten" "zonder" "de" "ongeldigverklaring" "van" "die" "bepaling" "door" "een" "hogere" "rechter" "af" "te" "wachten" "." "(" "16" ")"


Input: "49" "." "De" "latere" "rechtspraak" "van" "het" "Hof" "heeft" "echter" "duidelijk" "gemaakt" "dat" "die" "verplichting" "ook" "geldt" "voor" "andere" "overheidsorganen" "," "met" "inbegrip" "van" "bestuursorganen" "."


Input: "In" "het" "arrest" "Costanzo" "(" "17" ")" "heeft" "het" "Hof" "vastgesteld" "dat" "bestuursorganen" "net" "zoals" "nationale" "rechterlijke" "instanties" "verplicht" "zijn" "om" "rechtstreeks" "werkende" "richtlijnbepalingen" "toe" "te" "passen" "."


Input: "Het" "Hof" "heeft" "geoordeeld" "dat" "wanneer" "is" "voldaan" "aan" "de" "voorwaarden" "waaronder" "particulieren" "de" "bepalingen" "van" "een" "richtlijn" "voor" "de" "nationale" "rechter" "kunnen" "inroepen" "," "alle" "bestuursorganen" "(" "met" "inbegrip" "van" "gemeenten" ")" "verplicht" "zijn" "deze" "bepalingen" "toe" "te" "passen" "en" "daarmee" "strijdige" "bepalingen" "van" "nationaal" "recht" "buiten" "toepassing" "te" "laten" "." "(" "18" ")"


Input: "50" "." "In" "het" "arrest" "CIF" "(" "19" ")" "ging" "het" "onder" "meer" "om" "de" "(" "betwiste" ")" "bevoegdheid" "van" "de" "Italiaanse" "mededingingsautoriteit" "om" "nationale" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "te" "laten" "die" "met" "artikel" "81" "," "lid" "1" "," "EG" "(" "thans" "artikel" "101" "," "lid" "1" "," "VWEU" ")" "strijdig" "gedrag" "voorschreef" "of" "vergemakkelijkte" "."


Input: "De" "onderzochte" "ondernemingen" "betoogden" "dat" "de" "mededingingsautoriteit" "verplicht" "was" "om" "de" "betrokken" "nationale" "wetgeving" "toe" "te" "passen" "en" "deze" "dus" "niet" "buiten" "toepassing" "kon" "laten" "."


Input: "De" "mededingingsautoriteit" "zelf" "stelde" "dat" "zij" "op" "grond" "van" "de" "beginselen" "van" "rechtstreekse" "werking" "en" "de" "voorrang" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "wél" "daartoe" "bevoegd" "was" "."


Input: "51" "." "Het" "Hof" "wees" "er" "in" "dat" "verband" "nogmaals" "op" "dat" "de" "verplichting" "om" "met" "het" "Unierecht" "strijdige" "nationale" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "te" "laten" "," "rust" "op" "alle" "overheidsorganen" "," "met" "inbegrip" "van" "bestuursorganen" "."


Input: "Dit" "houdt" "eventueel" "de" "verplichting" "in" "om" "alle" "maatregelen" "te" "nemen" "om" "de" "volledige" "doorwerking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "te" "vergemakkelijken" "." "(" "20" ")"


Input: "52" "." "Vervolgens" "wees" "het" "Hof" "erop" "dat" "een" "nationale" "mededingingsautoriteit" "tot" "taak" "had" "toe" "te" "zien" "op" "de" "inachtneming" "van" "artikel" "81" "EG" "."


Input: "Deze" "bepaling" "," "gelezen" "in" "samenhang" "met" "artikel" "10" "EG" "(" "thans" "artikel" "4" "," "lid" "3" "," "VEU" ")" "," "verplichtte" "de" "lidstaten" "ertoe" "geen" "maatregelen" "in" "te" "voeren" "die" "met" "de" "mededingingsregels" "van" "de" "Unie" "in" "strijd" "waren" "."


Input: "Aan" "het" "nuttig" "effect" "van" "die" "regels" "zou" "worden" "afgedaan" "indien" "de" "nationale" "mededingingsautoriteit" "niet" "zou" "kunnen" "vaststellen" "dat" "een" "nationale" "regel" "in" "strijd" "was" "met" "artikel" "81" "EG" "(" "en" "artikel" "10" "EG" ")" "," "en" "deze" "regel" "bijgevolg" "niet" "buiten" "toepassing" "zou" "laten" "." "(" "21" ")"


Input: "53" "." "Uit" "de" "hierboven" "aangehaalde" "rechtspraak" "volgt" "derhalve" "dat" "het" "irrelevant" "is" "of" "het" "betrokken" "bestuursorgaan" "in" "de" "nationale" "rechtsorde" "de" "bevoegdheid" "toegekend" "heeft" "gekregen" "om" "een" "met" "het" "Unierecht" "strijdige" "bepaling" "van" "nationaal" "recht" "buiten" "toepassing" "te" "laten" "."


Input: "Dat" "orgaan" "is" "daartoe" "hoe" "dan" "ook" "verplicht" "wanneer" "dat" "noodzakelijk" "is" "om" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "te" "verzekeren" "."


Input: "54" "." "Evenwel" "moet" "beklemtoond" "worden" "dat" "," "zoals" "het" "Hof" "in" "het" "arrest" "Simmenthal" "heeft" "verklaard" "," "een" "dergelijke" "verplichting" "enkel" "bestaat" "wanneer" "het" "betrokken" "orgaan" "handelt" "in" "het" "kader" "van" "de" "bevoegdheid" "die" "hem" "(" "naar" "nationaal" "recht" ")" "toekomt" "." "(" "22" ")"


Input: "55" "." "Wat" "in" "het" "bijzonder" "nationale" "rechterlijke" "instanties" "betreft" "," "heeft" "het" "Hof" "met" "zoveel" "woorden" "verklaard" "dat" "de" "verplichting" "om" "nationale" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "te" "laten" "," "wordt" "begrensd" "door" "de" "bevoegdheid" "die" "is" "toegekend" "aan" "de" "nationale" "rechterlijke" "instantie" "die" "wordt" "verzocht" "Unierechtelijke" "bepalingen" "toe" "te" "passen" "."


Input: "Dit" "wijst" "er" "enerzijds" "op" "dat" "het" "Hof" "zich" "bewust" "is" "van" "de" "vrijheid" "die" "de" "lidstaten" "moeten" "behouden" "om" "hun" "rechterlijke" "en" "bestuurlijke" "infrastructuur" "in" "overeenstemming" "met" "hun" "constitutionele" "tradities" "vorm" "te" "geven" "."


Input: "Anderzijds" "geeft" "het" "Hof" "daarmee" "blijk" "van" "respect" "voor" "de" "uiteenlopende" "constitutionele" "stelsels" "die" "samen" "de" "basis" "van" "de" "rechtsorde" "van" "de" "Unie" "vormen" "."


Input: "56" "." "Uiteindelijk" "beoogt" "de" "rechtspraak" "dus" "te" "verzekeren" "dat" "een" "overheidsorgaan" "dat" "handelt" "binnen" "de" "rechterlijke" "en" "/" "of" "bestuurlijke" "structuur" "van" "de" "betrokken" "lidstaat" "," "de" "rechten" "die" "een" "justitiabele" "aan" "het" "Unierecht" "ontleent" "op" "adequate" "wijze" "kan" "beschermen" "en" "dus" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "te" "waarborgen" "."


Input: "b" ")" "Verplichting" "om" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "te" "verzekeren" "in" "het" "kader" "van" "de" "aan" "het" "betrokken" "orgaan" "verleende" "bevoegdheid"


Input: "57" "." "De" "WRC" "is" "het" "orgaan" "dat" "door" "de" "Ierse" "wetgever" "specifiek" "is" "aangewezen" "om" "overeenkomstig" "artikel" "9" "," "lid" "1" "," "van" "richtlijn" "2000" "/" "78" "te" "verzekeren" "dat" "de" "uit" "deze" "richtlijn" "voortvloeiende" "verplichtingen" "daadwerkelijk" "worden" "nageleefd" "."


Input: "Het" "is" "gewoonlijk" "bevoegd" "om" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "van" "klachten" "over" "discriminatie" "in" "het" "kader" "van" "arbeid" "."


Input: "58" "." "Er" "zou" "dan" "ook" "kunnen" "worden" "betoogd" "dat" "het" "voorrangsbeginsel" "zoals" "het" "Hof" "dit" "in" "het" "arrest" "Simmenthal" "op" "een" "destijds" "vernieuwende" "wijze" "heeft" "geïntroduceerd" "," "meebrengt" "dat" "de" "WRC" "de" "bepalingen" "van" "nationaal" "recht" "die" "in" "haar" "ogen" "in" "strijd" "zijn" "met" "richtlijn" "2000" "/" "78" "(" "in" "dit" "geval" "de" "leeftijdsbeperking" ")" "," "buiten" "toepassing" "moet" "kunnen" "laten" "."


Input: "Dit" "is" "in" "wezen" "het" "standpunt" "van" "de" "WRC" "," "interveniënten" "en" "de" "Commissie" "."


Input: "59" "." "Hoewel" "voor" "die" "benadering" "wel" "iets" "valt" "te" "zeggen" "," "ben" "ik" "toch" "niet" "overtuigd" "van" "de" "juistheid" "ervan" "."


Input: "60" "." "Het" "is" "in" "dit" "stadium" "van" "groot" "belang" "erop" "te" "wijzen" "dat" "het" "constitutionele" "belang" "van" "de" "voorrang" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "als" "fundamenteel" "beginsel" "van" "de" "eigen" "rechtsorde" "van" "de" "Unie" "niet" "kan" "worden" "overdreven" "."


Input: "Het" "voorrangsbeginsel" "laat" "wegens" "zijn" "fundamentele" "belang" "geen" "uitzonderingen" "toe" "."


Input: "Het" "toestaan" "van" "uitzonderingen" "op" "de" "voorrang" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "zou" "namelijk" "het" "fundament" "zelf" "van" "de" "rechtsorde" "van" "de" "Unie" "ondergraven" "."


Input: "61" "." "Het" "is" "voor" "mij" "dan" "ook" "duidelijk" "dat" "elke" "nationale" "bepaling" "(" "van" "constitutionele" "of" "andere" "aard" ")" "die" "de" "bevoegdheid" "om" "nationale" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "te" "laten" "," "in" "het" "algemeen" "voorbehoudt" "aan" "de" "rechter" "," "zonder" "meer" "in" "strijd" "is" "met" "het" "beginsel" "van" "voorrang" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "," "zoals" "dit" "door" "het" "Hof" "met" "name" "in" "de" "arresten" "Simmenthal" "en" "Costanzo" "is" "geformuleerd" "."


Input: "Het" "lijdt" "immers" "geen" "twijfel" "dat" "een" "dergelijke" "bepaling" "in" "schril" "contrast" "zou" "staan" "met" "de" "door" "het" "Hof" "geformuleerde" "regel" "dat" "alle" "overheidsorganen" "verplicht" "zijn" "om" "rechtstreekse" "werkende" "bepalingen" "van" "Unierecht" "toe" "te" "passen" "en" "daarmee" "strijdige" "bepalingen" "van" "nationaal" "recht" "buiten" "toepassing" "te" "laten" "." "(" "23" ")"


Input: "62" "." "Bij" "nadere" "beschouwing" "blijkt" "de" "onderhavige" "zaak" "zich" "echter" "te" "onderscheiden" "van" "de" "op" "het" "arrest" "Simmenthal" "gebaseerde" "rechtspraak" "."


Input: "Belangrijk" "is" "dat" "de" "in" "het" "hoofdgeding" "aan" "de" "orde" "zijnde" "bevoegdheidsregel" "geen" "afbreuk" "doet" "aan" "de" "voorrang" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "en" "daarmee" "evenmin" "aan" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "dit" "recht" "."


Input: "63" "." "Deze" "zaak" "draait" "om" "de" "vraag" "of" "het" "Unierecht" "voorschrijft" "welk" "rechterlijk" "orgaan" "bevoegd" "moet" "zijn" "om" "een" "bepaalde" "categorie" "zaken" "te" "behandelen" "."


Input: "64" "." "De" "situatie" "in" "de" "onderhavige" "zaak" "verschilt" "van" "een" "situatie" "waarin" "een" "gerecht" "dat" "materieel" "bevoegd" "is" "om" "van" "een" "zaak" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "(" "Simmenthal" ")" "," "of" "waarin" "een" "orgaan" "dat" "zonder" "twijfel" "als" "enige" "bevoegd" "is" "om" "een" "bestuursbesluit" "te" "nemen" "(" "Costanzo" ")" "," "wordt" "beperkt" "in" "zijn" "bevoegdheid" "om" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "te" "verzekeren" "," "en" "daarmee" "om" "zo" "nodig" "daadwerkelijke" "rechtsbescherming" "te" "bieden" "indien" "het" "Unierecht" "wordt" "geschonden" "."


Input: "65" "." "De" "situatie" "in" "de" "onderhavige" "zaak" "verschilt" "ook" "van" "die" "welke" "ten" "grondslag" "lag" "aan" "het" "arrest" "CIF" "(" "een" "variatie" "op" "de" "hierboven" "beschreven" "situatie" ")" "," "dat" "wil" "zeggen" "een" "situatie" "waarin" "een" "nationale" "instantie" "niet" "expliciet" "bevoegd" "is" "om" "nationale" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "te" "laten" "die" "in" "strijd" "is" "met" "de" "mededingingsregels" "van" "de" "Unie" "," "waarvan" "de" "naleving" "juist" "door" "die" "instantie" "moet" "worden" "verzekerd" "."


Input: "66" "." "Ik" "wijs" "erop" "dat" "er" "in" "de" "onderhavige" "zaak" "sprake" "is" "van" "een" "situatie" "waarin" "het" "nationale" "recht" "," "zoals" "uitgelegd" "door" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "," "de" "materiële" "bevoegdheid" "in" "specifieke" "zaken" "verdeelt" "tussen" "de" "WRC" "en" "de" "High" "Court" "," "en" "wel" "door" "deze" "laatste" "bij" "uitsluiting" "bevoegd" "te" "verklaren" "om" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "van" "zaken" "waarin" "de" "geldigheid" "van" "wetgeving" "wordt" "betwist" "of" "waarin" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "moet" "worden" "gelaten" "."


Input: "67" "." "In" "die" "zeer" "specifieke" "procedurele" "context" "kan" "in" "mijn" "ogen" "niet" "zonder" "meer" "een" "parallel" "worden" "getrokken" "met" "de" "in" "het" "arrest" "Simmenthal" "ontwikkelde" "rechtspraak" "."


Input: "68" "." "Zoals" "gezegd" "ligt" "aan" "die" "rechtspraak" "de" "gedachte" "ten" "grondslag" "dat" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "moet" "worden" "verzekerd" "," "met" "name" "door" "ervoor" "te" "zorgen" "dat" "particulieren" "effectieve" "bescherming" "van" "de" "hun" "krachtens" "het" "Unierecht" "toekomende" "rechten" "kunnen" "verkrijgen" "voor" "het" "bestuursorgaan" "of" "gerecht" "dat" "bevoegd" "is" "om" "van" "de" "zaak" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "."


Input: "Om" "die" "bescherming" "te" "waarborgen" "," "moeten" "alle" "overheidsorganen" "ook" "de" "mogelijkheid" "hebben" "om" "een" "bepaling" "van" "nationaal" "recht" "buiten" "toepassing" "te" "laten" "," "zelfs" "als" "die" "bevoegdheid" "hun" "in" "de" "nationale" "rechtsorde" "niet" "wordt" "toegekend" "."


Input: "Het" "zou" "vanuit" "het" "oogpunt" "van" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "omslachtig" "en" "ook" "problematisch" "zijn" "wanneer" "men" "zich" "eerst" "tot" "een" "(" "hogere" ")" "rechter" "moest" "wenden" "met" "het" "verzoek" "om" "de" "betrokken" "bepaling" "onverenigbaar" "met" "het" "Unierecht" "of" "zelfs" "ongeldig" "te" "verklaren" "."


Input: "69" "." "De" "rechtspraak" "van" "het" "Hof" "verzekert" "dus" "dat" "zowel" "rechterlijke" "instanties" "als" "bestuursorganen" "die" "het" "Unierecht" "moeten" "toepassen" "," "dit" "binnen" "hun" "respectieve" "bevoegdheden" "in" "volle" "omvang" "kunnen" "doen" "."


Input: "70" "." "Ik" "meen" "daarentegen" "dat" "die" "rechtspraak" "zich" "niet" "wil" "inlaten" "met" "de" "wijze" "waarop" "de" "bevoegdheid" "om" "van" "zaken" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "," "verdeeld" "is" "tussen" "verschillende" "rechterlijke" "instanties" "(" "en" "/" "of" "bestuursorganen" ")" "."


Input: "Die" "rechtspraak" "staat" "een" "rechterlijke" "instantie" "(" "of" "," "a" "fortiori" "," "een" "bestuursorgaan" ")" "niet" "toe" "om" "in" "naam" "van" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "bevoegdheidsregels" "te" "negeren" "."


Input: "De" "belangrijkste" "reden" "daarvoor" "is" "dat" "de" "lidstaten" "in" "beginsel" "een" "grote" "mate" "van" "autonomie" "genieten" "bij" "de" "vaststelling" "van" "procedureregels" "," "zoals" "die" "betreffende" "de" "aanwijzing" "van" "de" "(" "rechterlijke" ")" "instantie" "die" "bevoegd" "is" "om" "een" "bepaalde" "categorie" "zaken" "te" "behandelen" "," "mits" "die" "regels" "in" "overeenstemming" "zijn" "met" "de" "beginselen" "van" "gelijkwaardigheid" "en" "doeltreffendheid" "." "(" "24" ")"


Input: "71" "." "In" "mijn" "optiek" "kan" "een" "bestuursorgaan" "of" "een" "rechterlijke" "instantie" "alleen" "dan" "verplicht" "zijn" "om" "een" "bepaling" "van" "nationaal" "recht" "buiten" "toepassing" "te" "laten" "teneinde" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "te" "verzekeren" "," "indien" "eerst" "is" "komen" "vast" "te" "staan" "dat" "dat" "bestuursorgaan" "of" "die" "rechterlijke" "instantie" "materieel" "bevoegd" "is" "om" "over" "de" "zaak" "te" "oordelen" "(" "dan" "wel" "," "als" "het" "gaat" "om" "instanties" "in" "ruimere" "zin" "," "om" "over" "een" "bepaalde" "kwestie" "te" "beslissen" ")" "."


Input: "72" "." "Alle" "partijen" "lijken" "het" "erover" "eens" "dat" "de" "WRC" "volgens" "het" "nationale" "constitutionele" "recht" "die" "bevoegdheid" "niet" "bezit" "."


Input: "Als" "de" "WRC" "zou" "oordelen" "over" "een" "klacht" "die" "ertoe" "kan" "leiden" "dat" "een" "bepaling" "van" "nationaal" "recht" "buiten" "toepassing" "moet" "worden" "gelaten" "," "zou" "zij" "niet" "langer" "handelen" "in" "het" "kader" "van" "de" "haar" "toebedeelde" "bevoegdheid" "."


Input: "73" "." "In" "dit" "verband" "moet" "worden" "beklemtoond" "dat" "de" "in" "het" "hoofdgeding" "aan" "de" "orde" "zijnde" "regel" "volgens" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "een" "regel" "inzake" "materiële" "bevoegdheid" "is" ":" "hij" "verdeelt" "de" "bevoegdheid" "om" "in" "eerste" "aanleg" "van" "specifieke" "zaken" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "tussen" "de" "WRC" "en" "de" "High" "Court" "."


Input: "Dit" "houdt" "in" "dat" "in" "de" "specifieke" "categorie" "zaken" "waarin" "bij" "gegrondverklaring" "van" "een" "klacht" "over" "discriminatie" "in" "het" "kader" "van" "arbeid" "een" "bepaling" "van" "nationaal" "recht" "buiten" "toepassing" "moet" "worden" "gelaten" "," "het" "bevoegde" "rechterlijk" "orgaan" "om" "van" "een" "dergelijke" "zaak" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "de" "High" "Court" "is" "."


Input: "74" "." "Het" "is" "juist" "dat" "de" "WRC" "binnen" "haar" "bevoegdheidssfeer" "de" "naleving" "van" "de" "wetgeving" "inzake" "gelijke" "behandeling" "bij" "arbeid" "," "waaronder" "richtlijn" "2000" "/" "78" "," "dient" "te" "verzekeren" "."


Input: "Die" "bevoegdheid" "wordt" "echter" "begrensd" "door" "de" "in" "de" "onderhavige" "zaak" "aan" "de" "orde" "zijnde" "bevoegdheidsregel" "."


Input: "75" "." "In" "deze" "procedure" "is" "niet" "betoogd" "dat" "de" "WRC" "niet" "in" "staat" "zou" "zijn" "effectieve" "rechtsbescherming" "te" "bieden" "of" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "te" "verzekeren" "in" "zaken" "die" "binnen" "haar" "bevoegdheidssfeer" "vallen" "(" "dat" "wil" "zeggen" "zaken" "waarin" "de" "klacht" "in" "wezen" "betrekking" "heeft" "op" "discriminatie" "door" "een" "werkgever" "," "en" "niet" "op" "discriminatie" "die" "besloten" "ligt" "in" "een" "wetgevingsinstrument" ")" "."


Input: "De" "WRC" "is" "simpelweg" "in" "het" "geheel" "niet" "bevoegd" "om" "te" "oordelen" "over" "zaken" "waarin" "bij" "gegrondverklaring" "van" "de" "klacht" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "moet" "worden" "gelaten" "."


Input: "76" "." "Die" "omstandigheid" "maakt" "in" "mijn" "ogen" "dat" "de" "onderhavige" "zaak" "verschilt" "van" "de" "hierboven" "besproken" "rechtspraak" ":" "de" "vraag" "of" "het" "betrokken" "orgaan" "bevoegd" "was" "om" "van" "de" "zaak" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "(" "of" "om" "over" "een" "bepaalde" "kwestie" "te" "beslissen" ")" "," "was" "in" "die" "zaken" "simpelweg" "niet" "aan" "de" "orde" "."


Input: "Al" "die" "zaken" "hebben" "integendeel" "gemeen" "dat" "de" "bevoegde" "(" "rechterlijke" ")" "instantie" "niet" "beperkt" "was" "wat" "betreft" "haar" "bevoegdheid" "," "maar" "wat" "betreft" "de" "instrumenten" "waarover" "zij" "beschikte" "om" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "te" "verzekeren" "."


Input: "77" "." "Ik" "geef" "toe" "dat" "het" "verleidelijk" "is" "om" "een" "parallel" "te" "trekken" "met" "de" "zaak" "CIF" "."


Input: "Zoals" "de" "Commissie" "ter" "terechtzitting" "heeft" "opgemerkt" "," "zou" "er" "in" "die" "zaak" "een" "alternatieve" "rechtsgang" "beschikbaar" "zijn" "geweest" "voor" "een" "justitiabele" "die" "meende" "te" "zijn" "benadeeld" "door" "een" "schending" "van" "de" "mededingingsregels" "van" "de" "Unie" ":" "de" "gewone" "rechter" "."


Input: "Die" "gewone" "rechter" "zou" "overeenkomstig" "de" "rechtspraak" "van" "het" "Hof" "verplicht" "zijn" "geweest" "om" "met" "de" "mededingingsregels" "van" "de" "Unie" "strijdige" "nationale" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "te" "laten" "."


Input: "Ook" "al" "bestond" "een" "dergelijk" "alternatief" "in" "theorie" "," "heeft" "het" "Hof" "geoordeeld" "dat" "de" "Italiaanse" "mededingingsautoriteit" "nationale" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "moest" "laten" "teneinde" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "de" "mededingingsregels" "van" "de" "Unie" "te" "verzekeren" "."


Input: "78" "." "In" "dit" "verband" "is" "echter" "van" "bijzonder" "belang" "dat" "de" "bevoegdheid" "van" "de" "Italiaanse" "mededingingsautoriteit" "om" "ervoor" "te" "zorgen" "dat" "de" "mededingingsregels" "van" "de" "Unie" "werden" "geëerbiedigd" "," "door" "het" "nationale" "recht" "niet" "werd" "beperkt" ":" "zij" "was" "integendeel" "de" "(" "enige" ")" "instantie" "die" "bevoegd" "was" "om" "de" "eerbiediging" "van" "die" "regels" "te" "verzekeren" "."


Input: "Anders" "dan" "in" "de" "onderhavige" "zaak" "," "was" "de" "materiële" "bevoegdheid" "van" "de" "Italiaanse" "mededingingsautoriteit" "niet" "beperkt" "tot" "een" "bepaalde" "categorie" "zaken" "."


Input: "De" "noodzaak" "om" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "te" "verzekeren" "bracht" "in" "de" "zaak" "CIF" "dus" "inderdaad" "mee" "dat" "een" "nationale" "mededingingsautoriteit" "nationale" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "moest" "kunnen" "laten" ":" "zonder" "die" "bevoegdheid" "zou" "het" "in" "die" "zaak" "voor" "die" "autoriteit" "moeilijk" "," "zo" "niet" "onmogelijk" "zijn" "geweest" "om" "de" "eerbiediging" "van" "de" "door" "haar" "toe" "te" "passen" "mededingingsregels" "van" "de" "Unie" "te" "verzekeren" "."


Input: "79" "." "Ik" "zie" "niet" "goed" "in" "waarom" "dat" "ook" "in" "deze" "zaak" "het" "geval" "zou" "moeten" "zijn" "."


Input: "80" "." "Wanneer" "een" "klacht" "die" "mogelijk" "ertoe" "leidt" "dat" "nationale" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "moet" "worden" "gelaten" "," "is" "ingediend" "bij" "het" "bevoegde" "orgaan" "(" "de" "High" "Court" ")" "," "kan" "die" "rechterlijke" "instantie" "nationale" "wetgeving" "die" "in" "haar" "ogen" "in" "strijd" "is" "met" "het" "Unierecht" "of" "met" "een" "andere" "hogere" "norm" "," "buiten" "toepassing" "laten" "en" "alle" "andere" "maatregelen" "treffen" "die" "nodig" "zijn" "om" "de" "gestelde" "discriminatie" "ongedaan" "te" "maken" "."


Input: "Het" "is" "ook" "van" "groot" "belang" "erop" "te" "wijzen" "dat" "er" "voor" "klagers" "geen" "alternatieve" "rechtsgang" "openstaat" "," "aangezien" "de" "High" "Court" "bij" "uitsluiting" "bevoegd" "is" "om" "te" "oordelen" "over" "klachten" "waarmee" "de" "geldigheid" "van" "wetgeving" "wordt" "betwist" "of" "die" "ertoe" "kunnen" "leiden" "dat" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "moet" "worden" "gelaten" "."


Input: "81" "." "Om" "die" "reden" "kan" "ik" "mij" "evenmin" "vinden" "in" "het" "argument" "dat" "de" "bevoegdheidsregel" "het" "voor" "een" "orgaan" "als" "de" "WRC" "," "dat" "de" "hoedanigheid" "van" "„" "rechterlijke" "instantie" "”" "in" "de" "zin" "van" "artikel" "267" "VWEU" "heeft" "(" "25" ")" "," "onmogelijk" "maakt" "om" "de" "effectieve" "bescherming" "van" "uit" "het" "Unierecht" "voortvloeiende" "rechten" "te" "verzekeren" "."


Input: "82" "." "Een" "nadere" "beschouwing" "van" "dit" "argument" "brengt" "de" "zwakte" "ervan" "aan" "het" "licht" ":" "de" "WRC" "kon" "zich" "om" "te" "beginnen" "al" "niet" "met" "een" "prejudiciële" "vraag" "over" "de" "verenigbaarheid" "van" "een" "nationaal" "wetgevingsinstrument" "met" "richtlijn" "2000" "/" "78" "tot" "het" "Hof" "wenden" "omdat" "de" "beoordeling" "van" "dergelijke" "zaken" "buiten" "haar" "bevoegdheidssfeer" "valt" "."


Input: "Daarentegen" "had" "de" "High" "Court" "als" "de" "ter" "zake" "bevoegde" "rechterlijke" "instantie" "het" "Hof" "kunnen" "verzoeken" "om" "een" "prejudiciële" "beslissing" "over" "de" "verenigbaarheid" "van" "de" "leeftijdsbeperking" "met" "genoemde" "richtlijn" "."


Input: "83" "." "Een" "soortgelijk" "argument" "is" "ter" "terechtzitting" "vrij" "uitvoerig" "aan" "de" "orde" "geweest" "."


Input: "Met" "name" "de" "WRC" "heeft" "betoogd" "dat" "," "indien" "het" "Hof" "zou" "oordelen" "dat" "de" "bevoegdheidsregel" "niet" "met" "het" "Unierecht" "in" "strijd" "is" "," "de" "effectiviteit" "van" "de" "prejudiciële" "procedure" "van" "artikel" "267" "VWEU" "zou" "worden" "ondermijnd" "."


Input: "De" "betrokken" "regel" "zou" "de" "WRC" "namelijk" "kunnen" "beletten" "om" "ten" "volle" "uitvoering" "te" "geven" "aan" "een" "arrest" "waarin" "het" "Hof" "heeft" "vastgesteld" "dat" "de" "Ierse" "wettelijke" "bepaling" "onverenigbaar" "is" "met" "richtlijn" "2000" "/" "78" "."


Input: "84" "." "Ik" "merk" "in" "dit" "verband" "op" "dat" "dat" "argument" "veronderstelt" "dat" "de" "zaak" "binnen" "de" "bevoegdheidssfeer" "van" "de" "WRC" "valt" "."


Input: "Geen" "der" "partijen" "heeft" "echter" "een" "concreet" "voorbeeld" "kunnen" "geven" "van" "een" "situatie" "waarin" "de" "twee" "volgende" "elementen" "aanwezig" "zijn" ":" "de" "zaak" "valt" "binnen" "de" "bevoegdheidssfeer" "van" "de" "WRC" "omdat" "er" "geen" "sprake" "is" "van" "een" "klacht" "die" "ertoe" "kan" "leiden" "dat" "nationale" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "moet" "worden" "gelaten" "," "én" "er" "is" "naar" "aanleiding" "van" "een" "prejudicieel" "verzoek" "van" "de" "WRC" "door" "het" "Hof" "vastgesteld" "dat" "een" "bepaling" "van" "nationaal" "recht" "onverenigbaar" "is" "met" "richtlijn" "2000" "/" "78" "."


Input: "85" "." "Dat" "de" "partijen" "geen" "concreet" "voorbeeld" "hebben" "kunnen" "geven" "van" "een" "situatie" "waarin" "de" "bevoegdheidsregel" "de" "effectiviteit" "van" "de" "prejudiciële" "procedure" "van" "artikel" "267" "VWEU" "zou" "ondermijnen" "," "lijkt" "vrij" "eenvoudig" "te" "verklaren" ":" "een" "dergelijke" "situatie" "zou" "zich" "slechts" "kunnen" "voordoen" "indien" "de" "WRC" "ofwel" "bevoegd" "werd" "geacht" "," "ofwel" "de" "grenzen" "van" "haar" "bevoegdheid" "te" "buiten" "zou" "gaan" "door" "over" "een" "dergelijke" "klacht" "te" "oordelen" "."


Input: "c" ")" "Voorlopige" "conclusie"


Input: "86" "." "Er" "kunnen" "goede" "redenen" "zijn" "om" "de" "bevoegdheid" "om" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "van" "zaken" "op" "een" "bepaald" "rechtsgebied" "te" "verdelen" "tussen" "verschillende" "(" "rechterlijke" ")" "organen" "."


Input: "87" "." "Het" "is" "steeds" "gebruikelijker" "om" "de" "oplossing" "van" "conflicten" "waarin" "men" "in" "het" "dagelijks" "leven" "verzeild" "kan" "raken" "," "zoals" "consumentengeschillen" "en" "conflicten" "op" "het" "werk" "," "niet" "langer" "over" "te" "laten" "aan" "de" "rechter" "," "maar" "in" "plaats" "daarvan" "„" "uit" "te" "besteden" "”" "aan" "gespecialiseerde" "organen" "die" "beschikken" "over" "(" "beperkte" ")" "bevoegdheden" "om" "dergelijke" "geschillen" "doelmatig" "op" "te" "lossen" "door" "middel" "van" "mediation" "en" "/" "of" "een" "uitspraak" "." "(" "26" ")" "Het" "is" "ook" "gebruikelijk" "dat" "personen" "die" "zich" "in" "dergelijke" "organen" "bezighouden" "met" "conflictoplossing" "," "niet" "per" "se" "juridisch" "gekwalificeerd" "hoeven" "te" "zijn" "," "zoals" "dit" "ook" "geldt" "voor" "de" "adjucation" "officers" "bij" "de" "WRC" "."


Input: "Dergelijke" "organen" "zijn" "waarschijnlijk" "veel" "beter" "dan" "de" "rechter" "in" "staat" "om" "dat" "soort" "conflicten" "goedkoop" "," "snel" "en" "effectief" "op" "te" "lossen" "."


Input: "88" "." "Toch" "is" "het" "niet" "zo" "dat" "alle" "geschillen" "het" "best" "door" "dergelijke" "organen" "kunnen" "worden" "behandeld" "."


Input: "Dit" "geldt" "met" "name" "niet" "voor" "geschillen" "die" "belangrijke" "principiële" "vragen" "met" "verdergaande" "juridische" "implicaties" "doen" "rijzen" "."


Input: "89" "." "Het" "is" "vaste" "rechtspraak" "van" "het" "Hof" "dat" "het" "bij" "ontbreken" "van" "Unieregelgeving" "ter" "zake" "een" "aangelegenheid" "van" "de" "interne" "rechtsorde" "van" "elke" "lidstaat" "is" "om" "de" "bevoegde" "rechterlijke" "instanties" "(" "of" "," "in" "voorkomend" "geval" "," "bestuursorganen" ")" "aan" "te" "wijzen" "en" "de" "procedureregels" "vast" "te" "stellen" "voor" "vorderingen" "die" "worden" "ingesteld" "ter" "bescherming" "van" "de" "rechten" "die" "de" "justitiabelen" "aan" "het" "Unierecht" "ontlenen" "." "(" "27" ")" "De" "lidstaten" "zijn" "evenwel" "gehouden" "in" "elk" "geval" "een" "doeltreffende" "bescherming" "van" "die" "rechten" "te" "verzekeren" "." "(" "28" ")" "Het" "is" "met" "andere" "woorden" "toegestaan" "om" "de" "bevoegdheid" "op" "een" "specifiek" "gebied" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "tussen" "verschillende" "organen" "te" "verdelen" "," "mits" "een" "adequate" "bescherming" "van" "de" "betrokken" "rechten" "is" "gewaarborgd" "."


Input: "90" "." "Die" "organen" "moeten" "binnen" "de" "grenzen" "van" "hun" "respectieve" "bevoegdheden" "zorgdragen" "voor" "de" "volle" "werking" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "," "daarbij" "zo" "nodig" "met" "het" "Unierecht" "strijdig" "nationaal" "recht" "buiten" "toepassing" "latend" "."


Input: "Een" "orgaan" "kan" "met" "andere" "woorden" "niet" "op" "grond" "van" "de" "voorrang" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "simpelweg" "bevoegdheidsregels" "negeren" "die" "zijn" "materiële" "bevoegdheid" "op" "een" "bepaald" "door" "het" "nationale" "recht" "omschreven" "rechtsgebied" "begrenzen" "."


Input: "91" "." "Ik" "kom" "dan" "ook" "tot" "de" "slotsom" "dat" "een" "bevoegdheidsregel" "als" "in" "het" "hoofdgeding" "aan" "de" "orde" "," "die" "de" "bevoegdheid" "in" "specifieke" "zaken" "al" "naargelang" "het" "type" "klacht" "verdeelt" "tussen" "een" "bij" "wet" "ingesteld" "orgaan" "en" "een" "gewone" "rechter" "," "niet" "in" "strijd" "is" "met" "het" "beginsel" "van" "voorrang" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "en" "binnen" "de" "procedurele" "autonomie" "van" "de" "lidstaten" "valt" "."


Input: "92" "." "Indien" "het" "Hof" "zich" "strikt" "zou" "houden" "aan" "de" "formulering" "van" "de" "voorgelegde" "vraag" "," "zou" "de" "zaak" "hiermee" "zijn" "afgedaan" "."


Input: "Zoals" "uit" "de" "vraag" "blijkt" "," "heeft" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "immers" "al" "vastgesteld" "dat" "de" "bevoegdheidsregel" "aan" "de" "vereisten" "van" "gelijkwaardigheid" "en" "doeltreffendheid" "voldoet" ":" "de" "vraag" "zelf" "is" "gebaseerd" "op" "de" "vaststelling" "dat" "de" "betrokken" "bevoegdheidsregel" "niet" "met" "die" "beginselen" "in" "strijd" "is" "." "(" "29" ")"


Input: "93" "." "Het" "klopt" "dat" "het" "uiteindelijk" "aan" "de" "nationale" "rechter" "is" "om" "uit" "te" "maken" "of" "de" "bestreden" "nationale" "procedureregel" "met" "de" "beginselen" "van" "gelijkwaardigheid" "en" "doeltreffendheid" "in" "overeenstemming" "is" "."


Input: "Gelet" "op" "de" "aandacht" "die" "de" "partijen" "zowel" "in" "hun" "schriftelijke" "opmerkingen" "als" "ter" "terechtzitting" "aan" "die" "beginselen" "hebben" "besteed" "," "acht" "ik" "het" "niettemin" "noodzakelijk" "om" "in" "te" "gaan" "op" "de" "belangrijkste" "argumenten" "die" "de" "partijen" "hebben" "aangevoerd" "in" "verband" "met" "de" "vaststellingen" "van" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "," "met" "name" "met" "betrekking" "tot" "het" "doeltreffendheidsbeginsel" "."


Input: "2" "." "Bevoegdheidsverdeling" "tussen" "de" "WRC" "en" "de" "High" "Court" ":" "overeenstemming" "met" "de" "beginselen" "van" "gelijkwaardigheid" "en" "doeltreffendheid"


Input: "94" "." "Volgens" "de" "omvangrijke" "rechtspraak" "van" "het" "Hof" "over" "dit" "onderwerp" "mogen" "de" "procedureregels" "voor" "rechtsvorderingen" "die" "strekken" "tot" "bescherming" "van" "de" "rechten" "die" "een" "justitiabele" "aan" "het" "Unierecht" "ontleent" "," "niet" "ongunstiger" "zijn" "dan" "die" "welke" "voor" "soortgelijke" "nationale" "vorderingen" "gelden" "(" "gelijkwaardigheidsbeginsel" ")" "," "en" "de" "uitoefening" "van" "de" "door" "het" "Unierecht" "verleende" "rechten" "in" "de" "praktijk" "niet" "onmogelijk" "of" "uiterst" "moeilijk" "maken" "(" "doeltreffendheidsbeginsel" ")" "." "(" "30" ")"


Input: "a" ")" "Gelijkwaardigheid" ":" "op" "zoek" "naar" "de" "juiste" "vergelijkingsmaatstaf"


Input: "95" "." "De" "verwijzende" "rechter" "heeft" "in" "zijn" "arrest" "van" "15" "juni" "2017" "geoordeeld" "dat" "de" "bevoegdheidsregel" "de" "gelijkwaardigheidstoets" "doorstaat" "," "aangezien" "exact" "dezelfde" "regeling" "van" "toepassing" "is" "," "ongeacht" "of" "in" "de" "procedure" "een" "nationaalrechtelijke" "dan" "wel" "een" "Unierechtelijke" "rechtsnorm" "wordt" "ingeroepen" "."


Input: "De" "betrokken" "bevoegdheidsregel" "zou" "met" "andere" "woorden" "ook" "in" "het" "geval" "van" "een" "puur" "op" "het" "nationale" "recht" "gebaseerde" "rechtsvordering" "van" "toepassing" "zijn" "en" "bevoegdheid" "toekennen" "aan" "de" "High" "Court" "." "(" "31" ")"


Input: "96" "." "Op" "dat" "oordeel" "is" "in" "mijn" "ogen" "niets" "aan" "te" "merken" "."


Input: "97" "." "Meer" "bepaald" "is" "volgens" "de" "rechtspraak" "van" "het" "Hof" "vereist" "dat" "de" "betrokken" "nationale" "regel" "gelijkelijk" "van" "toepassing" "is" "op" "vorderingen" "die" "zijn" "gebaseerd" "op" "rechten" "die" "justitiabelen" "aan" "het" "Unierecht" "ontlenen" "en" "op" "vorderingen" "die" "zijn" "gebaseerd" "op" "schending" "van" "het" "nationale" "recht" "," "voor" "zover" "deze" "vorderingen" "eenzelfde" "voorwerp" "en" "oorzaak" "hebben" "." "(" "32" ")" "De" "gelijkwaardigheidstoets" "bestaat" "met" "andere" "woorden" "uit" "twee" "stappen" "."


Input: "Eerst" "moet" "de" "juiste" "vergelijkingsmaatstaf" "worden" "geïdentificeerd" "," "en" "vervolgens" "moet" "worden" "nagegaan" "of" "de" "op" "het" "Unierecht" "gebaseerde" "vordering" "minder" "gunstig" "wordt" "behandeld" "dan" "de" "soortgelijke" "op" "het" "nationale" "recht" "gebaseerde" "vordering" "."


Input: "98" "." "Door" "de" "eerste" "en" "de" "derde" "interveniënt" "is" "in" "dit" "verband" "gesuggereerd" "dat" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "niet" "de" "meest" "aangewezen" "vergelijkingsmaatstaf" "heeft" "gekozen" "."


Input: "Zij" "menen" "dat" "een" "klacht" "over" "discriminatie" "die" "ofwel" "gebaseerd" "is" "op" "een" "buiten" "de" "werkingssfeer" "van" "richtlijn" "2000" "/" "78" "vallende" "grond" "," "ofwel" "niet" "meebrengt" "dat" "nationaal" "recht" "buiten" "toepassing" "wordt" "gelaten" "," "een" "passender" "vergelijkingsmaatstaf" "zou" "zijn" "."


Input: "99" "." "In" "dit" "verband" "moet" "om" "te" "beginnen" "in" "herinnering" "worden" "gebracht" "dat" "het" "aan" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "," "die" "direct" "bekend" "is" "met" "de" "toepasselijke" "procesrechtelijke" "regeling" "," "staat" "om" "na" "te" "gaan" "of" "de" "betrokken" "vorderingen" "vergelijkbaar" "zijn" "qua" "voorwerp" "," "oorzaak" "en" "voornaamste" "kenmerken" "." "(" "33" ")" "Het" "komt" "mij" "dan" "ook" "voor" "dat" "het" "Hof" "slechts" "bij" "wijze" "van" "uitzondering" "," "wanneer" "die" "beoordeling" "kennelijk" "onjuist" "blijkt" "te" "zijn" "," "vraagtekens" "kan" "plaatsen" "bij" "een" "vaststelling" "van" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "met" "betrekking" "tot" "het" "gelijkwaardigheidsbeginsel" "."


Input: "100" "." "Een" "dergelijke" "drastische" "maatregel" "is" "in" "dit" "geval" "niet" "nodig" "."


Input: "Sterker" "nog" "," "volgens" "mij" "heeft" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "de" "enige" "redelijke" "vergelijkingsmaatstaf" "gekozen" "."


Input: "101" "." "Volgens" "vaste" "rechtspraak" "van" "het" "Hof" "brengt" "het" "gelijkwaardigheidsbeginsel" "voor" "de" "lidstaten" "niet" "de" "verplichting" "mee" "om" "hun" "gunstigste" "nationale" "regeling" "toe" "te" "passen" "op" "alle" "vorderingen" "die" "op" "een" "bepaald" "rechtsgebied" "worden" "ingesteld" "." "(" "34" ")"


Input: "102" "." "Voor" "zover" "uit" "hun" "schriftelijke" "opmerkingen" "valt" "op" "te" "maken" "," "zijn" "de" "eerste" "en" "de" "derde" "interveniënt" "van" "mening" "dat" "alle" "klachten" "over" "ongelijke" "behandeling" "bij" "arbeid" "als" "vergelijkbaar" "moeten" "worden" "beschouwd" "," "en" "wel" "in" "wezen" "omdat" "de" "procedure" "voor" "de" "WRC" "minder" "omslachtig" "is" "en" "voor" "de" "klager" "geen" "financieel" "risico" "meebrengt" "."


Input: "103" "." "Aanvaarding" "van" "die" "zienswijze" "zou" "de" "gelijkwaardigheidstoets" "in" "de" "praktijk" "feitelijk" "zinloos" "maken" "," "omdat" "dan" "appels" "met" "peren" "zouden" "worden" "vergeleken" "."


Input: "Zoals" "deze" "zaak" "op" "treffende" "wijze" "illustreert" "," "zijn" "niet" "alle" "op" "een" "bepaald" "rechtsgebied" "betrekking" "hebbende" "zaken" "vergelijkbaar" ":" "klachten" "over" "discriminatie" "in" "het" "kader" "van" "arbeid" "kunnen" "verschillen" "qua" "voorwerp" "," "oorzaak" "en" "voornaamste" "kenmerken" "al" "naargelang" "de" "bron" "van" "de" "discriminatie" "."


Input: "Men" "kan" "zich" "tot" "de" "WRC" "wenden" "wanneer" "de" "discriminatie" "het" "gevolg" "is" "van" "een" "praktijk" "(" "doorgaans" "een" "beslissing" "van" "een" "werkgever" ")" "in" "het" "kader" "van" "arbeid" "." "(" "35" ")" "Een" "vordering" "waarmee" "de" "geldigheid" "van" "wetgeving" "wordt" "betwist" "of" "die" "ertoe" "kan" "leiden" "dat" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "moet" "worden" "gelaten" "," "gaat" "daarentegen" "in" "essentie" "over" "de" "rechtmatigheid" "van" "een" "wetgevingsinstrument" "dat" "rechtskracht" "heeft" "."


Input: "Dat" "is" "in" "mijn" "ogen" "een" "cruciaal" "verschil" "waaraan" "niet" "mag" "worden" "voorbijgegaan" "."


Input: "De" "verschillen" "tussen" "de" "procedureregels" "die" "gelden" "voor" "zaken" "die" "worden" "aangebracht" "bij" "de" "WRC" "enerzijds" "en" "bij" "de" "High" "Court" "anderzijds" "," "vinden" "juist" "hun" "verklaring" "in" "het" "wezenlijke" "verschil" "tussen" "het" "soort" "zaken" "waarover" "die" "instanties" "mogen" "oordelen" "."


Input: "104" "." "De" "meest" "passende" "vergelijkingsmaatstaf" "is" "met" "andere" "woorden" "," "zoals" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "heeft" "vastgesteld" "," "een" "puur" "op" "het" "nationale" "recht" "gebaseerde" "vordering" "die" "wordt" "ingesteld" "bij" "de" "High" "Court" "."


Input: "b" ")" "Doeltreffendheid" ":" "noodzaak" "om" "verschillende" "vorderingen" "in" "te" "stellen" "teneinde" "aan" "het" "Unierecht" "ontleende" "rechten" "geldend" "te" "maken"


Input: "105" "." "Volgens" "vaste" "rechtspraak" "moet" "bij" "een" "doeltreffendheidsbeoordeling" "rekening" "worden" "gehouden" "met" "de" "plaats" "van" "de" "bepaling" "in" "de" "gehele" "procedure" "en" "met" "het" "verloop" "en" "de" "bijzondere" "kenmerken" "van" "die" "procedure" "voor" "de" "verschillende" "nationale" "instanties" "." "(" "37" ")"


Input: "106" "." "In" "zijn" "arrest" "van" "15" "juni" "2017" "is" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "onder" "meer" "ingegaan" "op" "de" "bevoegdheden" "van" "de" "High" "Court" "om" "bewijs" "te" "verzamelen" "," "de" "kostenregeling" "," "het" "contradictoire" "karakter" "van" "de" "procedure" "voor" "die" "rechterlijke" "instantie" "," "en" "de" "bevoegdheid" "van" "de" "High" "Court" "om" "alle" "maatregelen" "te" "treffen" "die" "nodig" "zijn" "om" "de" "bescherming" "van" "de" "door" "het" "Unierecht" "gewaarborgde" "rechten" "te" "verzekeren" "."


Input: "Na" "dat" "onderzoek" "van" "die" "kenmerken" "van" "de" "procedure" "bij" "de" "High" "Court" "is" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "tot" "de" "slotsom" "gekomen" "dat" "de" "bevoegdheidsregel" "de" "doeltreffendheidstoets" "doorstaat" "."


Input: "107" "." "De" "verwijzende" "rechter" "is" "echter" "niet" "expliciet" "ingegaan" "op" "de" "procedurele" "ongemakken" "die" "de" "noodzaak" "om" "een" "klacht" "op" "te" "splitsen" "tussen" "twee" "instanties" "," "kan" "meebrengen" "," "een" "vraag" "waarover" "het" "Hof" "zich" "heeft" "gebogen" "in" "het" "arrest" "Impact" "(" "39" ")" "."


Input: "Dat" "arrest" "is" "ter" "terechtzitting" "uitvoerig" "aan" "de" "orde" "is" "geweest" "," "zodat" "het" "mij" "zinvol" "lijkt" "enkele" "opmerkingen" "aan" "die" "kwestie" "te" "wijden" "."


Input: "108" "." "In" "het" "arrest" "Impact" "ging" "het" "om" "een" "procedureregel" "die" "verzoekers" "verplichtte" "om" "meerdere" "vorderingen" "in" "te" "stellen" "teneinde" "de" "rechten" "geldend" "te" "maken" "die" "zij" "aan" "richtlijn" "1999" "/" "70" "(" "40" ")" "ontleenden" "."


Input: "Meer" "bepaald" "konden" "naar" "Iers" "recht" "op" "de" "wetgeving" "ter" "omzetting" "van" "die" "richtlijn" "gebaseerde" "vorderingen" "betreffende" "arbeidsovereenkomsten" "voor" "bepaalde" "tijd" "worden" "ingesteld" "bij" "de" "rights" "commissioner" "(" "een" "gespecialiseerde" "rechterlijke" "instantie" ")" "," "terwijl" "rechtstreeks" "op" "die" "richtlijn" "gebaseerde" "vorderingen" "(" "dat" "wil" "zeggen" "vorderingen" "die" "werden" "ingesteld" "na" "het" "verstrijken" "van" "de" "omzettingstermijn" "," "maar" "voordat" "Ierland" "aan" "zijn" "verplichtingen" "had" "voldaan" ")" "," "moesten" "worden" "ingesteld" "bij" "de" "High" "Court" "."


Input: "109" "." "Het" "Hof" "stelde" "in" "zijn" "arrest" "om" "te" "beginnen" "vast" "dat" "een" "vordering" "die" "is" "gebaseerd" "op" "schending" "van" "de" "maatregel" "tot" "omzetting" "van" "de" "richtlijn" "en" "een" "rechtstreeks" "op" "de" "richtlijn" "gebaseerde" "vordering" "deel" "uitmaken" "van" "een" "en" "dezelfde" "rechtsgang" "." "(" "41" ")" "Anders" "gezegd" ":" "ondanks" "formeel" "verschillende" "rechtsgrondslagen" "beogen" "beide" "vorderingen" "de" "bescherming" "van" "dezelfde" "uit" "het" "Unierecht" "voortvloeiende" "rechten" "." "(" "42" ")"


Input: "110" "." "Het" "Hof" "overwoog" "vervolgens" "dat" "," "waar" "de" "Ierse" "wetgever" "de" "(" "zij" "het" "facultatieve" ")" "bevoegdheid" "om" "van" "vorderingen" "op" "basis" "van" "de" "wet" "tot" "omzetting" "van" "richtlijn" "1999" "/" "70" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "had" "toegekend" "aan" "een" "gespecialiseerde" "rechterlijke" "instantie" "," "het" "met" "het" "doeltreffendheidsbeginsel" "in" "strijd" "zou" "zijn" "om" "verzoekers" "te" "verplichten" "tegelijkertijd" "bij" "een" "gewone" "rechter" "een" "andere" "vordering" "in" "te" "stellen" "om" "de" "rechten" "geldend" "te" "maken" "die" "zij" "rechtstreeks" "aan" "die" "richtlijn" "konden" "ontlenen" "."


Input: "Dat" "was" "volgens" "het" "Hof" "met" "name" "het" "geval" "indien" "door" "de" "nationale" "rechter" "werd" "vastgesteld" "dat" "een" "dergelijke" "verplichting" "voor" "de" "betrokken" "particulieren" "procedurele" "ongemakken" "zou" "meebrengen" "," "onder" "meer" "wat" "de" "kosten" "," "de" "procesduur" "en" "de" "vertegenwoordigingsregels" "betreft" "," "die" "de" "uitoefening" "van" "de" "aan" "de" "betrokken" "richtlijn" "ontleende" "rechten" "uiterst" "moeilijk" "zouden" "maken" "." "(" "43" ")"


Input: "111" "." "Het" "arrest" "van" "het" "Hof" "vormt" "in" "wezen" "een" "bevestiging" "en" "een" "verdere" "uitwerking" "van" "vaste" "rechtspraak" "over" "de" "toepassing" "van" "het" "doeltreffendheidsbeginsel" "."


Input: "Het" "Hof" "hekelde" "de" "procedurele" "ongemakken" "die" "gepaard" "gingen" "met" "de" "verplichting" "om" "verschillende" "vorderingen" "in" "te" "stellen" "in" "een" "situatie" "waarin" "de" "wetgever" "de" "bevoegdheid" "om" "van" "een" "vordering" "op" "basis" "van" "de" "nationale" "wetgeving" "tot" "omzetting" "van" "de" "richtlijn" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "had" "toegekend" "aan" "een" "gespecialiseerde" "rechterlijke" "instantie" "," "maar" "waarin" "die" "instantie" "niet" "tevens" "bevoegd" "was" "om" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "van" "een" "op" "de" "richtlijn" "gebaseerde" "vordering" "."


Input: "112" "." "Het" "is" "belangrijk" "om" "de" "vaststelling" "van" "het" "Hof" "in" "de" "context" "ervan" "te" "lezen" "."


Input: "Die" "vaststelling" "betreffende" "de" "procedurele" "ongemakken" "werd" "gedaan" "in" "de" "specifieke" "context" "van" "een" "verplichting" "om" "verschillende" "vorderingen" "in" "te" "stellen" "teneinde" "in" "wezen" "dezelfde" "rechten" "geldend" "te" "maken" "die" "(" "zij" "het" "voor" "verschillende" "perioden" ")" "aan" "het" "Unierecht" "konden" "worden" "ontleend" "."


Input: "Gelet" "op" "dat" "specifieke" "aspect" "van" "de" "zaak" "Impact" "zou" "het" "in" "mijn" "ogen" "onjuist" "zijn" "om" "het" "op" "het" "doeltreffendheidsbeginsel" "betrekking" "hebbende" "onderdeel" "van" "het" "dictum" "van" "het" "arrest" "in" "die" "zaak" "aldus" "op" "te" "vatten" "," "dat" "daarmee" "in" "het" "algemeen" "elke" "bevoegdheidsregel" "wordt" "afgekeurd" "die" "de" "bevoegdheid" "om" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "van" "op" "een" "bepaald" "rechtsgebied" "betrekking" "hebbende" "zaken" "verdeelt" "tussen" "verschillende" "instanties" "waarbij" "de" "procedureregels" "voor" "verzoekers" "niet" "even" "gunstig" "zijn" "."


Input: "113" "." "Er" "mag" "namelijk" "niet" "uit" "het" "oog" "worden" "verloren" "dat" "volgens" "de" "rechtspraak" "van" "het" "Hof" "nationale" "procedureregels" "de" "uitoefening" "van" "aan" "het" "Unierecht" "ontleende" "rechten" "niet" "uiterst" "moeilijk" "mogen" "maken" "."


Input: "Die" "rechtspraak" "verlangt" "niet" "dat" "alle" "op" "een" "bepaald" "rechtsgebied" "betrekking" "hebbende" "zaken" "op" "dezelfde" "wijze" "worden" "behandeld" "door" "één" "(" "rechterlijke" ")" "instantie" "," "volgens" "de" "regels" "die" "procedureel" "gezien" "voor" "de" "verzoeker" "het" "gunstigst" "zijn" "." "(" "44" ")"


Input: "114" "." "Anders" "dan" "in" "de" "aan" "het" "arrest" "Impact" "ten" "grondslag" "liggende" "situatie" "," "heeft" "de" "Ierse" "wetgever" "aan" "de" "WRC" "geen" "(" "facultatieve" ")" "bevoegdheid" "verleend" "om" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "van" "zaken" "die" "gewoonlijk" "binnen" "de" "bevoegdheidssfeer" "van" "de" "High" "Court" "vallen" "."


Input: "Er" "is" "integendeel" "sprake" "van" "een" "duidelijke" "bevoegdheidsverdeling" "tussen" "de" "WRC" "en" "de" "High" "Court" "."


Input: "115" "." "Uit" "de" "verwijzingsbeslissing" "blijkt" "dat" "de" "bij" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "aanhangige" "zaak" "betrekking" "heeft" "op" "een" "klacht" "over" "de" "discriminatie" "die" "besloten" "ligt" "in" "de" "in" "afgeleide" "wetgeving" "opgenomen" "leeftijdsbeperking" "."


Input: "In" "de" "procedure" "bij" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "is" "geen" "discriminatieklacht" "ingediend" "die" "binnen" "de" "bevoegdheidssfeer" "van" "de" "WRC" "valt" "."


Input: "In" "een" "dergelijk" "geval" "is" "de" "bevoegdheidsverdeling" "tussen" "de" "WRC" "en" "de" "High" "Court" "in" "mijn" "ogen" "niet" "vatbaar" "voor" "kritiek" ":" "er" "is" "voor" "de" "klagers" "geen" "andere" "rechtsgang" "beschikbaar" "dan" "een" "procedure" "bij" "de" "High" "Court" "."


Input: "Volgens" "mij" "waarborgt" "de" "bevoegdheidsverdeling" "hoe" "dan" "ook" "een" "efficiënte" "afhandeling" "van" "zaken" "waarin" "nationale" "wetgeving" "buiten" "toepassing" "moet" "worden" "gelaten" "," "aangezien" "klagers" "in" "dergelijke" "gevallen" "niet" "eerst" "naar" "de" "WRC" "hoeven" "te" "stappen" "."


Input: "116" "." "Het" "ontbreken" "van" "een" "alternatieve" "rechtsgang" "voor" "klagers" "die" "zich" "benadeeld" "achten" "door" "een" "wetgevingsinstrument" "," "verklaart" "zonder" "twijfel" "waarom" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "de" "bevoegdheidsregel" "niet" "heeft" "onderzocht" "in" "het" "licht" "van" "het" "arrest" "Impact" "."


Input: "117" "." "Toch" "lijkt" "het" "niet" "ondenkbaar" "dat" "zich" "een" "situatie" "voordoet" "waarin" "een" "klager" "een" "zaak" "aanhangig" "maakt" "waarin" "hij" "stelt" "(" "in" "strijd" "met" "richtlijn" "2000" "/" "78" ")" "te" "zijn" "gediscrimineerd" "," "niet" "alleen" "op" "grond" "van" "een" "wetgevingsinstrument" "," "maar" "tevens" "op" "grond" "van" "een" "werkgeverspraktijk" "."


Input: "Indien" "de" "WRC" "in" "een" "dergelijke" "situatie" "bevoegd" "blijft" "om" "van" "een" "deel" "van" "de" "klacht" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "," "is" "volgens" "mij" "het" "door" "het" "Hof" "in" "het" "arrest" "Impact" "uitgesproken" "oordeel" "volledig" "van" "toepassing" "."


Input: "Indien" "daarentegen" "de" "bevoegdheid" "van" "de" "High" "Court" "prevaleert" "boven" "die" "van" "de" "WRC" "," "in" "die" "zin" "dat" "deze" "laatste" "in" "het" "geheel" "niet" "bevoegd" "is" "(" "en" "dat" "de" "High" "Court" "dus" "bij" "uitsluiting" "bevoegd" "wordt" "geacht" "om" "de" "volledige" "klacht" "te" "behandelen" ")" "," "lijkt" "dat" "oordeel" "van" "het" "Hof" "niet" "relevant" "."


Input: "118" "." "Het" "ligt" "echter" "niet" "op" "de" "weg" "van" "het" "Hof" "om" "te" "beoordelen" "of" "dat" "wel" "of" "niet" "het" "geval" "is" "," "aangezien" "het" "aan" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "is" "om" "uit" "te" "maken" "hoe" "de" "relevante" "nationale" "bepalingen" "betreffende" "de" "bevoegdheidsverdeling" "tussen" "de" "WRC" "en" "de" "High" "Court" "in" "een" "dergelijke" "situatie" "moeten" "worden" "uitgelegd" "."


Input: "119" "." "Ik" "kom" "dan" "ook" "tot" "de" "slotsom" "dat" "het" "Unierecht" "niet" "in" "de" "weg" "staat" "aan" "een" "bevoegdheidsregel" "als" "die" "in" "het" "hoofdgeding" "," "die" "de" "bevoegdheid" "om" "te" "oordelen" "over" "specifieke" "zaken" "op" "het" "gebied" "al" "naargelang" "de" "aard" "van" "de" "ingediende" "klacht" "verdeelt" "tussen" "een" "bij" "wet" "ingesteld" "orgaan" "en" "een" "(" "krachtens" "de" "grondwet" "ingestelde" ")" "gewone" "rechterlijke" "instantie" "," "mits" "concurrerende" "bevoegdheden" "ten" "aanzien" "van" "een" "en" "dezelfde" "klacht" "zijn" "uitgesloten" "."


Input: "IV" "." "Conclusie"


Input: "120" "." "Gelet" "op" "een" "en" "ander" "geef" "ik" "het" "Hof" "in" "overweging" "om" "de" "vraag" "van" "de" "Supreme" "Court" "te" "beantwoorden" "als" "volgt" ":"


Input: "„" "Het" "Unierecht" "staat" "niet" "in" "de" "weg" "aan" "een" "bevoegdheidsregel" "als" "die" "in" "het" "hoofdgeding" "," "die" "de" "bevoegdheid" "om" "te" "oordelen" "over" "specifieke" "zaken" "al" "naargelang" "de" "aard" "van" "de" "ingediende" "klacht" "verdeelt" "tussen" "een" "bij" "wet" "ingesteld" "orgaan" "en" "een" "(" "krachtens" "de" "grondwet" "ingestelde" ")" "gewone" "rechterlijke" "instantie" "," "mits" "concurrerende" "bevoegdheden" "ten" "aanzien" "van" "een" "en" "dezelfde" "klacht" "zijn" "uitgesloten" "." "”"


Input: "1" "Oorspronkelijke" "taal" ":" "Engels" "."


Input: "2" "Richtlijn" "van" "de" "Raad" "van" "27" "november" "2000" "tot" "instelling" "van" "een" "algemeen" "kader" "voor" "gelijke" "behandeling" "in" "arbeid" "en" "beroep" "(" "PB" "2000" "," "L" "303" "," "blz" "." "16" ")" "."


Input: "3" "Arrest" "van" "9" "maart" "1978" "," "Simmenthal" "(" "106" "/" "77" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1978" ":" "49" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "4" "De" "in" "de" "bij" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "aanhangige" "zaak" "relevante" "wetten" "zijn" "de" "Employment" "Equality" "Acts" "(" "wetten" "inzake" "gelijke" "behandeling" "bij" "arbeid" ")" "1998" "‑" "2004" "," "en" "," "voor" "zover" "van" "belang" "," "daaropvolgende" "wetswijzigingen" "."


Input: "5" "Als" "gevolg" "van" "de" "Workplace" "Relations" "Act" "2015" "zijn" "de" "relevante" "taken" "van" "de" "Equality" "Tribunal" "inmiddels" "overgegaan" "naar" "WRC" "."


Input: "6" "Garda" "Síochána" "(" "Admissions" "and" "Appointments" ")" "(" "Amendment" ")" "Regulations" "," "2004" "[" "Garda" "Síochána" "Regulations" "(" "Aanwerving" "en" "Benoeming" ")" "(" "Wijziging" ")" "," "2004" "]" "(" "S.I" "." "nr" "." "749" "van" "2004" ")" "."


Input: "7" "In" "feite" "heeft" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "naast" "de" "verwijzingsbeslissing" "van" "15" "juni" "2017" "op" "die" "datum" "nog" "een" "afzonderlijk" "arrest" "gewezen" "(" "Minister" "for" "Justice" "," "Equality" "and" "Law" "Reform" "and" "others" "v" "." "The" "Workplace" "Relations" "Commission" "," "[" "2017" "]" "IESC" "43" ")" "," "waarin" "hij" "de" "vraag" "naar" "de" "bevoegdheid" "van" "de" "WRC" "vanuit" "nationaalrechtelijk" "oogpunt" "heeft" "onderzocht" "."


Input: "De" "verwijzende" "rechter" "heeft" "in" "dat" "arrest" "ook" "enkele" "Unierechtelijke" "vragen" "behandeld" "."


Input: "Met" "name" "heeft" "hij" "onderzocht" "of" "de" "bevoegdheidsverdeling" "tussen" "de" "WRC" "en" "de" "High" "Court" "in" "overeenstemming" "was" "met" "de" "beginselen" "van" "gelijkwaardigheid" "en" "doeltreffendheid" "."


Input: "8" "Zie" "onder" "meer" "arrest" "van" "6" "september" "2016" "," "Petruhhin" "(" "C" "‑" "182" "/" "15" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2016" ":" "630" "," "punt" "20" "en" "aldaar" "aangehaalde" "rechtspraak" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "9" "Discriminatie" "op" "grond" "van" "geslacht" "vormt" "een" "uitzondering" "op" "deze" "regel" ":" "in" "dergelijke" "zaken" "kan" "de" "klager" "ervoor" "kiezen" "meteen" "naar" "de" "Circuit" "Court" "te" "stappen" "."


Input: "10" "Zie" "https" ":" "/" "/" "www.workplacerelations.ie" "/" "en" "/" "Complaints_Disputes" "/" "Adjudication" "/" "(" "geraadpleegd" "op" "5" "juli" "2018" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"


Input: "11" "Arrest" "van" "15" "juni" "2017" "," "punten" "5.3" "en" "5.6" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "12" "Zie" "met" "name" "arrest" "van" "22" "oktober" "1998" "," "IN" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "CO" "."


Input: "GE" "." "'" "90" "e.a" "."


Input: "(" "C" "‑" "10" "/" "97" "–" "C" "‑" "22" "/" "97" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1998" ":" "498" "," "punt" "21" ")" "."


Input: "Zie" "ook" "de" "conclusie" "van" "advocaat-generaal" "Ruiz-Jarabo" "Colomer" "in" "diezelfde" "zaak" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "(" "C" "‑" "10" "/" "97" "–" "C" "‑" "22" "/" "97" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1998" ":" "228" "," "punten" "16" "‑" "44" ")" "."


Input: "13" "Arrest" "van" "9" "maart" "1978" "," "Simmenthal" "(" "106" "/" "77" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1978" ":" "49" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "14" "Arrest" "van" "5" "februari" "1963" "," "Van" "Gend" "&" "Loos" "(" "26" "/" "62" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1963" ":" "1" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "15" "Arrest" "van" "9" "maart" "1978" "," "Simmenthal" "," "106" "/" "77" "(" "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1978" ":" "49" "," "punten" "21" "‑" "24" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "16" "Die" "rechtspraak" "is" "door" "het" "Hof" "in" "tal" "van" "zaken" "bevestigd" "."


Input: "Zie" "onder" "meer" "arresten" "van" "19" "juni" "1990" "," "Factortame" "e.a" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "I-PERSON" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"


Input: "(" "C" "‑" "213" "/" "89" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1990" ":" "257" "," "punten" "20" "‑" "21" ")" ";" "4" "juni" "1992" "," "Debus" "(" "C" "‑" "13" "/" "91" "en" "C" "‑" "113" "/" "91" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1992" ":" "247" "," "punt" "32" ")" ";" "2" "augustus" "1993" "," "Levy" "(" "C" "‑" "158" "/" "91" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1993" ":" "332" "," "punt" "9" ")" "," "en" "5" "maart" "1998" "," "Solred" "(" "C" "‑" "347" "/" "96" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1998" ":" "87" "," "punt" "30" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "17" "Arrest" "van" "22" "juni" "1989" "," "Costanzo" "(" "103" "/" "88" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1989" ":" "256" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "18" "Idem" "," "punten" "31" "‑" "33" "."


Input: "19" "Arrest" "van" "9" "september" "2003" "," "CIF" "(" "C" "‑" "198" "/" "01" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2003" ":" "430" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "20" "Idem" "," "punt" "49" "."


Input: "21" "Idem" "," "punt" "50" "."


Input: "22" "Arresten" "van" "9" "maart" "1978" "," "Simmenthal" "(" "106" "/" "77" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1978" ":" "49" "," "punt" "21" ")" "," "en" "19" "juni" "1990" "," "Factortame" "e.a" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "I-PERSON" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"


Input: "(" "C" "‑" "213" "/" "89" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1990" ":" "257" "," "punt" "20" ")" "."


Input: "Zie" "ook" "arrest" "van" "10" "april" "1984" "," "von" "Colson" "en" "Kamann" "(" "14" "/" "83" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1984" ":" "153" "," "punt" "26" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "23" "Arresten" "van" "9" "maart" "1978" "," "Simmenthal" "(" "106" "/" "77" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1978" ":" "49" "," "punt" "21" ")" "," "en" "22" "juni" "1989" "," "Costanzo" "(" "103" "/" "88" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1989" ":" "256" "," "punten" "31" "‑" "33" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "24" "Zie" "onder" "meer" "arresten" "van" "16" "december" "1976" "," "Rewe-Zentralfinanz" "en" "Rewe-Zentral" "(" "33" "/" "76" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1976" ":" "188" "," "punt" "5" ")" ";" "16" "december" "1976" "," "Comet" "(" "45" "/" "76" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1976" ":" "191" "," "punten" "13" "‑" "16" ")" ";" "14" "december" "1995" "," "Peterbroeck" "(" "C" "‑" "312" "/" "93" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1995" ":" "437" "," "punt" "12" "en" "aldaar" "aangehaalde" "rechtspraak" ")" ";" "13" "maart" "2007" "," "Unibet" "(" "C" "‑" "432" "/" "05" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2007" ":" "163" "," "punt" "39" "en" "aldaar" "aangehaalde" "rechtspraak" ")" "," "en" "7" "juni" "2007" "," "Van" "der" "Weerd" "e.a" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"


Input: "(" "C" "‑" "222" "/" "05" "–" "C" "‑" "225" "/" "05" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2007" ":" "318" "," "punt" "28" "en" "aldaar" "aangehaalde" "rechtspraak" ")" "."


Input: "25" "De" "Equality" "Tribunal" "heeft" "in" "een" "binnen" "zijn" "bevoegdheidssfeer" "vallende" "zaak" "het" "Hof" "om" "een" "prejudiciële" "beslissing" "verzocht" "."


Input: "Zie" "arrest" "van" "18" "maart" "2014" "," "Z" "." "(" "C" "‑" "363" "/" "12" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2014" ":" "159" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "26" "Die" "procedures" "vallen" "onder" "de" "overkoepelende" "term" "„" "alternatieve" "geschillenbeslechting" "”" "of" "„" "ADR" "”" ")" "."


Input: "27" "Zie" "bijvoorbeeld" "de" "in" "voetnoot" "24" "van" "deze" "conclusie" "genoemde" "rechtspraak" "," "alsmede" "arresten" "van" "15" "april" "2008" "," "Impact" "(" "C" "‑" "268" "/" "06" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2008" ":" "223" "," "punt" "44" ")" "," "en" "8" "september" "2009" "," "Budějovický" "Budvar" "(" "C" "‑" "478" "/" "07" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2009" ":" "521" "," "punt" "88" "en" "aldaar" "aangehaalde" "rechtspraak" ")" "."


Input: "28" "Zie" "bijvoorbeeld" "arresten" "van" "9" "juli" "1985" "," "Bozzetti" "(" "179" "/" "84" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1985" ":" "306" "," "punt" "17" ")" ";" "18" "januari" "1996" "," "SEIM" "(" "C" "‑" "446" "/" "93" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1996" ":" "10" "," "punt" "32" ")" "," "en" "17" "september" "1997" "," "Dorsch" "Consult" "(" "C" "‑" "54" "/" "96" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1997" ":" "413" "," "punt" "40" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "29" "De" "verwijzende" "rechter" "stelt" "in" "de" "prejudiciële" "vraag" "op" "enigszins" "dubbelzinnige" "wijze" "dat" "van" "de" "„" "maatregelen" "[" "die" "de" "rechterlijke" "instanties" "kunnen" "]" "nemen" "”" "is" "vastgesteld" "dat" "zij" "in" "overeenstemming" "zijn" "met" "de" "beginselen" "van" "gelijkwaardigheid" "en" "doeltreffendheid" "."


Input: "Gelet" "op" "het" "arrest" "van" "15" "juni" "2017" "is" "het" "evenwel" "duidelijk" "dat" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "heeft" "vastgesteld" "dat" "de" "procedure" "bij" "de" "High" "Court" "," "die" "voor" "klagers" "openstaat" "wanneer" "hun" "zaak" "niet" "binnen" "de" "bevoegdheidssfeer" "van" "de" "WRC" "valt" "," "met" "die" "beginselen" "in" "overeenstemming" "is" "."


Input: "30" "Zie" "onder" "meer" "de" "in" "voetnoot" "27" "van" "deze" "conclusie" "aangehaalde" "rechtspraak" "."


Input: "31" "Uitspraak" "van" "15" "juni" "2017" "," "punt" "7.1" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "32" "Arrest" "van" "27" "juni" "2013" "," "Agrokonsulting" "-" "04" "(" "C" "‑" "93" "/" "12" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2013" ":" "432" "," "punt" "39" "en" "aldaar" "aangehaalde" "rechtspraak" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "33" "Zie" "bijvoorbeeld" "arresten" "van" "29" "oktober" "2009" "," "Pontin" "(" "C" "‑" "63" "/" "08" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2009" ":" "666" "," "punt" "45" "en" "aldaar" "aangehaalde" "rechtspraak" ")" "," "en" "12" "februari" "2015" "," "Baczó" "en" "Vizsnyiczai" "(" "C" "‑" "567" "/" "13" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "88" "," "punt" "44" "en" "aldaar" "aangehaalde" "rechtspraak" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "34" "Arrest" "van" "26" "januari" "2010" "," "Transportes" "Urbanos" "y" "Servicios" "Generales" "(" "C" "‑" "118" "/" "08" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2010" ":" "39" "," "punt" "34" "en" "aldaar" "aangehaalde" "rechtspraak" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "Hoe" "dan" "ook" "is" "de" "vraag" "wat" "een" "„" "ongunstige" "”" "procedureregel" "is" "," "uiteindelijk" "een" "kwestie" "van" "perspectief" "."


Input: "Zie" "in" "dit" "verband" "arrest" "van" "12" "februari" "2015" "," "Baczó" "en" "Vizsnyiczai" "(" "C" "‑" "567" "/" "13" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "88" "," "punten" "46" "en" "47" ")" "," "waarin" "het" "ging" "om" "de" "vraag" "of" "enerzijds" "het" "feit" "dat" "rechters" "die" "hoger" "in" "rang" "waren" "," "waren" "aangewezen" "om" "van" "een" "bepaald" "soort" "zaken" "kennis" "te" "nemen" "," "en" "anderzijds" "het" "feit" "dat" "aan" "de" "vergeleken" "procedures" "verschillende" "kosten" "verbonden" "waren" "," "als" "„" "ongunstig" "”" "konden" "worden" "beschouwd" "."


Input: "35" "In" "mijn" "ogen" "gaat" "het" "dan" "doorgaans" "om" "," "bijvoorbeeld" "," "een" "op" "een" "van" "de" "verboden" "discriminatiegronden" "gebaseerde" "weigering" "om" "een" "werknemer" "te" "bevorderen" "of" "een" "loonsverhoging" "toe" "te" "kennen" "," "of" "om" "een" "weigering" "om" "de" "werkplek" "van" "een" "gehandicapte" "werknemer" "en" "de" "door" "die" "werknemer" "uit" "te" "voeren" "taken" "aan" "te" "passen" "aan" "diens" "handicap" "."


Input: "36" "Uit" "het" "dossier" "valt" "op" "te" "maken" "dat" "de" "procedure" "bij" "de" "WRC" "een" "inquisitoir" "karakter" "heeft" "," "terwijl" "die" "bij" "de" "High" "Court" "contradictoir" "van" "aard" "is" "."


Input: "Bovendien" "zijn" "de" "kostenregelingen" "verschillend" ":" "bij" "een" "procedure" "voor" "de" "High" "Court" "loopt" "een" "klager" "het" "risico" "in" "de" "kosten" "te" "worden" "verwezen" "," "terwijl" "dit" "bij" "een" "procedure" "bij" "de" "WRC" "niet" "het" "geval" "is" "."


Input: "Partijen" "kunnen" "zich" "namelijk" "wel" "door" "een" "advocaat" "laten" "bijstaan" "," "maar" "de" "adjudication" "officer" "is" "niet" "bevoegd" "om" "een" "kostenveroordeling" "uit" "te" "spreken" "."


Input: "Verder" "beschikken" "adjudication" "officers" "slechts" "over" "beperkte" "bevoegdheden" "om" "getuigen" "op" "te" "roepen" "en" "om" "overlegging" "van" "stukken" "te" "gelasten" "," "en" "staan" "de" "getuigen" "niet" "onder" "ede" "."


Input: "Aangezien" "de" "WRC" "bij" "wet" "slechts" "beperkte" "bevoegdheden" "van" "rechterlijke" "aard" "toegekend" "heeft" "gekregen" "," "heeft" "een" "adjudication" "officer" "bovendien" "niet" "de" "mogelijkheid" "om" "een" "derde" "partij" "tot" "de" "procedure" "toe" "te" "laten" "."


Input: "37" "Zie" "onder" "meer" "arresten" "van" "14" "december" "1995" "," "Peterbroeck" "(" "C" "‑" "312" "/" "93" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1995" ":" "437" "," "punt" "14" ")" ";" "13" "maart" "2007" "," "Unibet" "(" "C" "‑" "432" "/" "05" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2007" ":" "163" "," "punt" "54" ")" "," "en" "8" "september" "2011" "," "Rosado" "Santana" "(" "C" "‑" "177" "/" "10" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2011" ":" "557" "," "punt" "92" "en" "aldaar" "aangehaalde" "rechtspraak" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "38" "Arrest" "van" "15" "juni" "2017" "," "punten" "7.2" "‑" "7.16" "."

"O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "39" "Arrest" "van" "15" "april" "2008" "," "Impact" "(" "C" "‑" "268" "/" "06" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2008" ":" "223" "," "punt" "51" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "40" "Richtlijn" "1999" "/" "70" "/" "EG" "van" "de" "Raad" "van" "28" "juni" "1999" "betreffende" "de" "door" "het" "EVV" "," "de" "UNICE" "en" "het" "CEEP" "gesloten" "raamovereenkomst" "inzake" "arbeidsovereenkomsten" "voor" "bepaalde" "tijd" "(" "PB" "1999" "," "L" "175" "," "blz" "." "43" ")" "."


Input: "41" "Arrest" "van" "15" "april" "2008" "," "Impact" "(" "C" "‑" "268" "/" "06" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2008" ":" "223" "," "punt" "50" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "42" "Conclusie" "van" "advocaat-generaal" "in" "de" "zaak" "Impact" "(" "C" "‑" "268" "/" "06" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2008" ":" "2" "," "punt" "58" ")" "."


Input: "43" "Arrest" "van" "15" "april" "2008" "," "Impact" "(" "C" "‑" "268" "/" "06" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2008" ":" "223" "," "punt" "51" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "44" "Zie" "in" "die" "zin" "arrest" "van" "12" "februari" "2015" "," "Baczó" "en" "Vizsnyiczai" "(" "C" "‑" "567" "/" "13" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "88" "," "punten" "51" "en" "52" "en" "aldaar" "aangehaalde" "rechtspraak" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "CONCLUSIE" "VAN" "ADVOCAAT-GENERAAL"


Input: "E" "." "SHARPSTON"


Input: "van" "11" "september" "2018" "(" "1" ")"

"O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "Zaak" "C" "‑" "457" "/" "17"


Input: "Heiko" "Jonny" "Maniero"


Input: "tegen"


Input: "Studienstiftung" "des" "deutschen" "Volkes" "eV"

"I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON"

"B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON"

"B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE"

"I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE"

"B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME"

"B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME"

"I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"


Input: "[" "verzoek" "van" "het" "Bundesgerichtshof" "(" "hoogste" "federale" "rechter" "in" "burgerlijke" "en" "strafzaken" "," "Duitsland" ")" "om" "een" "prejudiciële" "beslissing" "]"


Input: "„" "Richtlijn" "2000" "/" "43" "/" "EG" "–" "Gelijke" "behandeling" "van" "personen" "ongeacht" "ras" "of" "etnische" "afstamming" "–" "Artikel" "3" "," "lid" "1" "," "onder" "g" ")" "–" "Onderwijs" "–" "Studiebeurzen" "die" "worden" "toegekend" "aan" "studenten" "die" "zijn" "geslaagd" "voor" "het" "eerste" "staatsexamen" "rechtsgeleerdheid" "”"


Input: "1" "." "„" "Dat" "," "meer" "dan" "ook" "," "het" "onderwijs" "van" "de" "jeugd" "een" "wetgever" "tot" "zorg" "moet" "zijn" "," "zal" "niemand" "betwisten" "[" "…" "]" "maar" "wat" "onderwijs" "moet" "inhouden" "[" "…" "]" "," "mag" "niet" "verzwegen" "worden" "." "”" "(" "2" ")"


Input: "2" "." "De" "Europese" "wetgever" "heeft" "inderdaad" "wetgeving" "goedgekeurd" "in" "dat" "verband" "," "die" "onder" "meer" "het" "recht" "erkent" "op" "onderwijs" "als" "een" "grondrecht" "." "(" "3" ")" "Hij" "heeft" "het" "begrip" "„" "onderwijs" "”" "evenwel" "niet" "omschreven" "."


Input: "Met" "dit" "verzoek" "om" "een" "prejudiciële" "beslissing" "wordt" "het" "Hof" "verzocht" "om" "een" "antwoord" "te" "formuleren" "op" "die" "aloude" "vraag" "," "die" "nu" "rijst" "in" "het" "kader" "van" "het" "Unierecht" "en" "meer" "bepaald" "van" "richtlijn" "2000" "/" "43" "/" "EG" "(" "4" ")" "."


Input: "Wat" "houdt" "onderwijs" "in" "?"


Input: "Toepasselijke" "bepalingen"


Input: "Richtlijn" "2000" "/" "43"


Input: "3" "." "Richtlijn" "2000" "/" "43" "heeft" "tot" "doel" "een" "kader" "te" "creëren" "voor" "de" "bestrijding" "van" "discriminatie" "op" "grond" "van" "ras" "of" "etnische" "afstamming" "." "(" "5" ")"


Input: "4" "." "Artikel" "2" "," "lid" "1" "," "voorziet" "in" "een" "verbod" "van" "zowel" "directe" "als" "indirecte" "discriminatie" "op" "grond" "van" "ras" "of" "etnische" "afstamming" "."


Input: "Volgens" "artikel" "2" "," "lid" "2" "," "is" "er" "sprake" "van" "directe" "discriminatie" "„" "wanneer" "iemand" "op" "grond" "van" "ras" "of" "etnische" "afstamming" "ongunstiger" "wordt" "behandeld" "dan" "een" "ander" "in" "een" "vergelijkbare" "situatie" "wordt" "," "is" "of" "zou" "worden" "behandeld" "”" "," "en" "van" "indirecte" "discriminatie" "„" "wanneer" "een" "ogenschijnlijk" "neutrale" "bepaling" "," "maatstaf" "of" "handelswijze" "personen" "van" "een" "bepaald" "ras" "of" "een" "bepaalde" "etnische" "afstamming" "in" "vergelijking" "met" "andere" "personen" "bijzonder" "benadeelt" "," "tenzij" "die" "bepaling" "," "maatstaf" "of" "handelswijze" "objectief" "wordt" "gerechtvaardigd" "door" "een" "legitiem" "doel" "en" "de" "middelen" "voor" "het" "bereiken" "van" "dat" "doel" "passend" "en" "noodzakelijk" "zijn" "”" "."


Input: "5" "." "Artikel" "3" "," "lid" "1" "," "bepaalt" "dat" "de" "richtlijn" "van" "toepassing" "is" "„" "binnen" "de" "grenzen" "van" "de" "aan" "de" "Gemeenschap" "verleende" "bevoegdheden" "," "[" "…" "]" "zowel" "in" "de" "overheidssector" "als" "in" "de" "particuliere" "sector" "," "met" "inbegrip" "van" "overheidsinstanties" "," "op" "alle" "personen" "[" "…" "]" "met" "betrekking" "tot" ":" "[" "…" "]" "g" ")" "onderwijs" "”" "."


Input: "Nationale" "wetgeving"


Input: "6" "." "Richtlijn" "2000" "/" "43" "werd" "door" "Duitsland" "omgezet" "bij" "wege" "van" "het" "Allgemeines" "Gleichbehandlungsgesetz" "(" "Duitse" "algemene" "wet" "inzake" "gelijke" "behandeling" ";" "hierna" ":" "„" "AGG" "”" ")" "."


Input: "7" "." "§" "1" "AGG" "voorziet" "in" "een" "verbod" "van" "elke" "discriminatie" "op" "grond" "van" "onder" "meer" "ras" "of" "etnische" "afstamming" "."


Input: "§" "2" "," "lid" "1" "," "punt" "7" "," "die" "artikel" "3" "," "lid" "1" "," "onder" "g" ")" "," "van" "richtlijn" "2000" "/" "43" "omzet" "," "bepaalt" "dat" "de" "werkingssfeer" "van" "het" "verbod" "onder" "meer" "discriminatie" "met" "betrekking" "tot" "onderwijs" "omvat" "."


Input: "§" "3" "," "leden" "1" "en" "2" "," "bevat" "een" "omschrijving" "van" "de" "door" "die" "wet" "verboden" "directe" "en" "indirecte" "discriminatie" "."


Input: "Feiten" "," "procedure" "en" "prejudiciële" "vragen"


Input: "8" "." "Heiko" "Jonny" "Maniero" "," "Italiaans" "onderdaan" "," "is" "geboren" "en" "woonachtig" "in" "Duitsland" "."

"O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O"

"O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O"

"O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O"

"O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O"

"O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O"

"O" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O"


Input: "In" "2013" "behaalde" "hij" "aan" "een" "universiteit" "in" "Armenië" "de" "academische" "titel" "„" "Bachelor" "of" "Laws" "”" "."

"O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "9" "." "Op" "11" "december" "2013" "nam" "Maniero" "contact" "op" "met" "de" "Studienstiftung" "des" "deutschen" "Volkes" "e.V" "."

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON"

"O" "O" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME"

"O" "O" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME"

"O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"


Input: "(" "Duitse" "academische" "stichting" "voor" "de" "toekenning" "van" "studiebeurzen" ";" "hierna" ":" "„" "stichting" "”" ")" "," "een" "geregistreerde" "vereniging" "die" "studiebeurzen" "toekent" "met" "het" "oog" "op" "de" "inschrijving" "voor" "een" "studiebeurs" "op" "grond" "van" "het" "„" "Bucerius-Jura-Programm" "”" "," "dat" "juridische" "onderzoeks" "-" "of" "studieprojecten" "in" "het" "buitenland" "beoogt" "te" "stimuleren" "." "(" "6" ")"


Input: "10" "." "De" "stichting" "gaf" "in" "haar" "antwoord" "van" "17" "januari" "2014" "aan" "dat" "aanvragers" "moesten" "zijn" "geslaagd" "voor" "het" "eerste" "staatsexamen" "rechtsgeleerdheid" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "Maniero" "wees" "erop" "dat" "het" "door" "hem" "in" "Armenië" "behaalde" "„" "vijfjarige" "graad" "”" "vergelijkbaar" "was" "met" "het" "tweede" "staatsexamen" "rechtsgeleerdheid" "," "aangezien" "hij" "in" "dat" "land" "bevoegd" "was" "het" "ambt" "van" "rechter" "uit" "te" "oefenen" "of" "als" "advocaat" "werkzaam" "te" "zijn" "."


Input: "Hij" "voerde" "aan" "dat" "de" "voorwaarde" "die" "de" "stichting" "oplegde" "in" "strijd" "zou" "kunnen" "zijn" "met" "het" "AGG" "wegens" "discriminatie" "op" "grond" "van" "etnische" "of" "sociale" "afstamming" "."


Input: "11" "." "Maniero" "heeft" "de" "studiebeurs" "niet" "aangevraagd" "."

"O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "In" "de" "daaropvolgende" "correspondentie" "met" "de" "stichting" "voerde" "hij" "aan" "dat" "hij" "door" "de" "afwijzende" "houding" "van" "de" "stichting" "werd" "ontmoedigd" "om" "daartoe" "over" "te" "gaan" "."


Input: "12" "." "Maniero" "verzocht" "het" "Landgericht" "(" "rechter" "in" "eerste" "aanleg" "," "Duitsland" ")" "de" "stichting" "te" "bevelen" "een" "einde" "te" "maken" "aan" "en" "zich" "verder" "te" "onthouden" "van" "de" "benadeling" "op" "grond" "van" "zijn" "leeftijd" "of" "zijn" "afstamming" "," "en" "hem" "een" "bedrag" "te" "betalen" "van" "18" "734,60" "EUR" "als" "schade" "-" "en" "reiskostenvergoeding" "."


Input: "Dit" "verzoek" "werd" "afgewezen" "."


Input: "Het" "daaropvolgende" "beroep" "werd" "verworpen" "."


Input: "13" "." "Maniero" "stelde" "daarna" "beroep" "in" "Revision" "in" "bij" "het" "Bundesgerichtshof" "(" "hoogste" "federale" "rechter" "in" "burgerlijke" "en" "strafzaken" "," "Duitsland" ";" "hierna" "„" "verwijzende" "rechter" "”" ")" "."


Input: "14" "." "De" "verwijzende" "rechter" "stelt" "vast" "dat" "het" "beroep" "in" "Revision" "slechts" "kan" "slagen" "indien" "de" "toekenning" "van" "studiebeurzen" "valt" "onder" "het" "begrip" "„" "onderwijs" "”" "in" "§" "2" "," "lid" "1" "," "punt" "7" "," "AGG" "," "die" "artikel" "3" "," "lid" "1" "," "onder" "g" ")" "," "van" "richtlijn" "2000" "/" "43" "omzet" "."


Input: "Wanneer" "dat" "het" "geval" "is" "," "rijst" "de" "daaropvolgende" "vraag" "of" "de" "voorwaarde" "van" "het" "slagen" "voor" "het" "eerste" "staatsexamen" "al" "dan" "niet" "een" "indirecte" "discriminatie" "vormt" "die" "wordt" "verboden" "door" "§" "3" "," "lid" "2" "," "AGG" "," "die" "artikel" "2" "," "lid" "2" "," "onder" "b" ")" "," "van" "richtlijn" "2000" "/" "43" "omzet" "."


Input: "Het" "is" "tegen" "deze" "achtergrond" "dat" "de" "verwijzende" "rechter" "de" "volgende" "prejudiciële" "vragen" "stelt" ":"


Input: "„" "1" ")" "Valt" "de" "toekenning" "door" "een" "geregistreerde" "vereniging" "(" "eingetragener" "Verein" ")" "van" "studiebeurzen" "ter" "stimulering" "van" "onderzoeks" "-" "of" "studieprojecten" "in" "het" "buitenland" "onder" "het" "begrip" "„" "onderwijs" "”" "in" "de" "zin" "van" "artikel" "3" "," "lid" "1" "," "onder" "g" ")" "," "van" "richtlijn" "2000" "/" "43" "?"


Input: "2" ")" "Indien" "de" "eerste" "vraag" "bevestigend" "wordt" "beantwoord" ":"


Input: "Vormt" "bij" "de" "toekenning" "van" "de" "in" "de" "eerste" "prejudiciële" "vraag" "genoemde" "studiebeurzen" "de" "deelnamevoorwaarde" "van" "het" "slagen" "voor" "het" "eerste" "staatsexamen" "rechtsgeleerdheid" "een" "indirecte" "discriminatie" "van" "een" "aanvrager" "in" "de" "zin" "van" "artikel" "2" "," "lid" "2" "," "onder" "b" ")" "," "van" "richtlijn" "2000" "/" "43" "," "wanneer" "de" "aanvrager" "," "een" "burger" "van" "de" "Unie" "," "weliswaar" "een" "vergelijkbaar" "diploma" "in" "een" "niet" "bij" "de" "Europese" "Unie" "horende" "staat" "heeft" "behaald" "," "zonder" "dat" "de" "keuze" "van" "deze" "plaats" "waar" "het" "diploma" "is" "behaald" "," "in" "verband" "staat" "met" "de" "etnische" "afstamming" "van" "de" "aanvrager" "," "maar" "hij" "op" "grond" "van" "zijn" "woonplaats" "in" "Duitsland" "en" "de" "vloeiende" "beheersing" "van" "de" "Duitse" "taal" "net" "als" "een" "Duitse" "onderdaan" "de" "mogelijkheid" "had" "om" "na" "een" "rechtenstudie" "in" "Duitsland" "het" "eerste" "staatsexamen" "rechtsgeleerdheid" "af" "te" "leggen" "?"


Input: "Maakt" "het" "hierbij" "verschil" "dat" "met" "het" "studiebeursprogramma" "," "dat" "geen" "discriminerende" "kenmerken" "vertoont" "," "wordt" "beoogd" "om" "afgestudeerden" "van" "een" "rechtenstudie" "in" "Duitsland" "door" "het" "stimuleren" "van" "onderzoeks" "-" "of" "studieprojecten" "in" "het" "buitenland" "kennis" "van" "buitenlandse" "rechtsstelsels" "," "buitenlandervaring" "en" "taalkennis" "te" "laten" "opdoen" "?" "”"