Input: "b" ")" "Skyldigheten" "att" "säkerställa" "att" "unionsrätten" "ges" "full" "verkan" "inom" "ramen" "för" "den" "behörighet" "som" "har" "tilldelats" "organet" "i" "fråga"


Input: "57" "." "WRC" "är" "det" "organ" "som" "särskilt" "har" "utsetts" "av" "den" "irländska" "lagstiftaren" "för" "att" "i" "enlighet" "med" "artikel" "9.1" "i" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "78" "," "säkerställa" "att" "skyldigheterna" "enligt" "direktivet" "genomförs" "effektivt" "."


Input: "I" "normalfallet" "har" "WRC" "behörighet" "att" "pröva" "klagomål" "rörande" "diskriminering" "i" "arbetslivet" "."


Input: "58" "." "Det" "kan" "därför" "sägas" "att" "principen" "om" "unionsrättens" "företräde" "," "som" "domstolen" "fastställde" "i" "domen" "i" "målet" "Simmenthal" "," "på" "ett" "vid" "tidpunkten" "innovativt" "sätt" "," "kräver" "att" "WRC" "måste" "kunna" "underlåta" "att" "tillämpa" "nationell" "lagstiftning" "som" "WRC" "anser" "strida" "mot" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "78" "(" "i" "detta" "fall" "åldersgränsen" ")" "."


Input: "Detta" "är" "i" "huvudsak" "vad" "WRC" "," "de" "övriga" "deltagarna" "i" "målet" "och" "kommissionen" "har" "gjort" "gällande" "."


Input: "59" "." "Ett" "sådant" "betraktelsesätt" "förefaller" "utan" "tvekan" "tilltalande" "."


Input: "Trots" "detta" "är" "jag" "dock" "inte" "övertygad" "om" "att" "det" "är" "riktigt" "."


Input: "60" "." "I" "detta" "läge" "är" "det" "mycket" "viktigt" "att" "betona" "att" "den" "konstitutionella" "betydelsen" "av" "unionsrättens" "företräde" "som" "en" "grundläggande" "princip" "i" "unionens" "sui" "generis-rättssystem" "inte" "kan" "överskattas" "."


Input: "Denna" "grundläggande" "betydelse" "innebär" "att" "det" "inte" "medges" "några" "undantag" "från" "principen" "om" "unionsrättens" "företräde" "."


Input: "Det" "skulle" "äventyra" "själva" "grunden" "för" "unionens" "rättssystem" "om" "undantag" "kunde" "göras" "från" "denna" "princip" "."


Input: "61" "." "Det" "förefaller" "därför" "uppenbart" "att" "nationella" "bestämmelser" "(" "vare" "sig" "dessa" "är" "konstitutionella" "eller" "av" "annat" "slag" ")" "," "som" "generellt" "begränsar" "rätten" "att" "underlåta" "att" "tillämpa" "nationell" "lagstiftning" "till" "domstolar" "," "strider" "mot" "principen" "om" "unionsrättens" "företräde" "," "såsom" "denna" "har" "fastställts" "av" "domstolen" "i" "målen" "Simmenthal" "och" "Costanzo" "."


Input: "Det" "råder" "ingen" "tvekan" "om" "att" "en" "sådan" "bestämmelse" "skulle" "strida" "mot" "den" "av" "domstolen" "fastställda" "principen" "som" "innebär" "att" "alla" "förvaltningsorgan" "är" "skyldiga" "att" "tillämpa" "bestämmelser" "i" "unionsrätten" "som" "har" "direkt" "effekt" "och" "avstå" "från" "att" "tillämpa" "bestämmelser" "i" "nationell" "rätt" "som" "är" "oförenliga" "med" "dessa" "." "(" "23" ")"


Input: "62" "." "Vid" "en" "närmare" "granskning" "skiljer" "sig" "dock" "förevarande" "mål" "från" "den" "rättspraxis" "som" "bygger" "på" "domen" "i" "målet" "Simmenthal" "."


Input: "Det" "ska" "betonas" "att" "den" "i" "det" "nationella" "målet" "aktuella" "behörighetsregeln" "inte" "ifrågasätter" "principen" "om" "unionsrättens" "företräde" "eller" "," "i" "förlängningen" "," "unionsrättens" "fulla" "verkan" "."


Input: "63" "." "Förevarande" "mål" "rör" "frågan" "om" "unionsrätten" "föreskriver" "vilken" "domstol" "som" "ska" "ha" "behörighet" "att" "pröva" "en" "viss" "grupp" "mål" "."


Input: "64" "." "Förevarande" "mål" "skiljer" "sig" "från" "en" "situation" "där" "en" "domstol" "som" "har" "materiell" "behörighet" "att" "pröva" "ett" "mål" "," "såsom" "var" "fallet" "i" "målet" "Simmenthal" "," "eller" "där" "en" "myndighet" "som" "uppenbart" "har" "exklusiv" "behörighet" "att" "fatta" "ett" "förvaltningsbeslut" "," "såsom" "var" "fallet" "i" "målet" "Costanzo" "," "har" "begränsad" "behörighet" "att" "säkerställa" "att" "unionsrätten" "ges" "full" "verkan" "och" "därmed" "," "i" "förekommande" "fall" "," "att" "tillhandahålla" "ett" "effektivt" "rättsmedel" "vid" "brott" "mot" "unionsrätten" "."


Input: "65" "." "Förevarande" "mål" "skiljer" "sig" "också" "från" "situationen" "i" "målet" "CIF" "(" "en" "variant" "av" "de" "situationer" "som" "beskrevs" "ovan" ")" "," "det" "vill" "säga" "," "en" "situation" "där" "den" "nationella" "myndigheten" "inte" "har" "uttrycklig" "behörighet" "att" "underlåta" "att" "tillämpa" "nationell" "lagstiftning" "som" "strider" "mot" "unionens" "konkurrensregler" "," "vars" "efterlevnad" "skulle" "säkerställas" "av" "just" "denna" "myndighet" "."


Input: "66" "." "Det" "ska" "betonas" "att" "situationen" "i" "förevarande" "mål" "är" "sådan" "," "att" "den" "nationella" "lagstiftningen" "," "såsom" "denna" "har" "tolkats" "av" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "," "fördelar" "den" "materiella" "behörigheten" "i" "mål" "om" "likabehandling" "i" "arbetslivet" "mellan" "WRC" "och" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "genom" "att" "tilldela" "det" "sistnämnda" "organet" "exklusiv" "behörighet" "att" "pröva" "mål" "som" "ifrågasätter" "giltigheten" "av" "lagstiftning" "eller" "kräver" "att" "lagstiftning" "inte" "ska" "tillämpas" "."


Input: "67" "." "Inom" "ramen" "för" "detta" "särskilda" "processuella" "sammanhang" "måste" "man" "enligt" "min" "uppfattning" "vara" "försiktig" "med" "att" "dra" "paralleller" "med" "den" "rättspraxis" "som" "bygger" "på" "domen" "i" "målet" "Simmenthal" "."


Input: "68" "." "Såsom" "nämndes" "ovan" "är" "syftet" "med" "denna" "rättspraxis" "att" "säkerställa" "att" "unionsrätten" "ges" "full" "verkan" "och" "i" "synnerhet" "att" "göra" "det" "möjligt" "för" "enskilda" "att" "erhålla" "ett" "effektivt" "skydd" "för" "de" "rättigheter" "som" "följer" "av" "unionsrätten" "inför" "den" "förvaltningsmyndighet" "eller" "domstol" "som" "har" "behörighet" "att" "pröva" "målet" "."


Input: "För" "att" "säkerställa" "sådant" "skydd" "måste" "alla" "statliga" "organ" "också" "vara" "behöriga" "att" "avstå" "från" "att" "tillämpa" "nationell" "lagstiftning" "," "även" "om" "det" "nationella" "rättssystemet" "inte" "tilldelar" "organet" "sådan" "behörighet" "."


Input: "Det" "skulle" "vara" "problematiskt" "mot" "bakgrund" "av" "unionsrättens" "fulla" "verkan" "," "om" "det" "var" "nödvändigt" "att" "erhålla" "ett" "fastställande" "av" "oförenlighet" "med" "unionsrätten" "," "eller" "en" "ogiltigförklaring" "," "av" "den" "relevanta" "bestämmelsen" "i" "en" "(" "högre" "stående" ")" "domstol" "först" "."


Input: "69" "." "Domstolens" "praxis" "säkerställer" "därför" "att" "domstolar" "," "liksom" "myndigheter" "," "som" "tillämpar" "unionsrätten" "kan" "göra" "detta" "fullt" "ut" "inom" "sina" "respektive" "behörighetsområden" "."


Input: "70" "." "Till" "skillnad" "från" "detta" "är" "syftet" "med" "denna" "rättspraxis" "inte" "att" "inkräkta" "på" "fördelningen" "av" "behörighet" "i" "mål" "mellan" "domstolarna" "(" "och" "/" "eller" "förvaltningsmyndigheter" ")" "."


Input: "Den" "innebär" "inte" "att" "en" "domstol" "(" "och" "," "i" "än" "högre" "grad" "," "en" "förvaltningsmyndighet" ")" "har" "rätt" "att" "bortse" "från" "behörighetsregler" "i" "syfte" "att" "säkerställa" "unionsrättens" "fulla" "verkan" "."


Input: "Detta" "beror" "huvudsakligen" "på" "att" "medlemsstaterna" "i" "princip" "har" "betydande" "frihet" "att" "utforma" "processuella" "bestämmelser" "," "såsom" "bestämmelser" "om" "tilldelning" "av" "behörighet" "till" "domstolar" "eller" "myndigheter" "i" "en" "särskild" "typ" "av" "mål" "," "förutsatt" "att" "principerna" "om" "likvärdighet" "och" "effektivitet" "uppfylls" "." "(" "24" ")"


Input: "71" "." "Såsom" "jag" "ser" "det" "kan" "en" "förvaltningsmyndighet" "eller" "domstol" "endast" "ha" "en" "skyldighet" "att" "underlåta" "att" "tillämpa" "nationell" "lagstiftning" "för" "att" "säkerställa" "att" "unionsrätten" "ges" "full" "verkan" "," "om" "det" "redan" "från" "början" "har" "fastställts" "att" "organet" "har" "materiell" "behörighet" "att" "pröva" "målet" "(" "eller" "," "för" "den" "delen" "," "såsom" "mer" "allmänt" "gäller" "myndigheter" "," "att" "fatta" "beslut" "i" "en" "viss" "fråga" ")" "."


Input: "72" "." "Alla" "parter" "verkar" "vara" "överens" "om" "att" "WRC" "," "enligt" "nationell" "konstitutionell" "rätt" "," "inte" "har" "sådan" "behörighet" "."


Input: "Om" "WRC" "skulle" "pröva" "ett" "klagomål" "som" "krävde" "att" "WRC" "underlät" "att" "tillämpa" "en" "bestämmelse" "i" "nationell" "rätt" "," "skulle" "WRC" "inte" "längre" "handla" "inom" "ramen" "för" "sin" "behörighet" "."

"O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "73" "." "Det" "ska" "påpekas" "att" "den" "i" "det" "nationella" "målet" "omtvistade" "regeln" "avser" "materiell" "behörighet" "."


Input: "Den" "fördelar" "behörigheten" "avseende" "förfaranden" "i" "första" "instans" "i" "särskilda" "fall" "mellan" "WRC" "och" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "."


Input: "Detta" "innebär" "att" "det" "i" "den" "särskilda" "typ" "av" "mål" "där" "ett" "klagomål" "rörande" "diskriminering" "i" "arbetslivet" "," "för" "att" "vinna" "framgång" "," "kräver" "att" "man" "underlåter" "att" "tillämpa" "nationell" "lagstiftning" "," "är" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "som" "är" "det" "rättskipande" "organ" "som" "har" "behörighet" "att" "pröva" "målet" "."


Input: "74" "." "Det" "är" "riktigt" "att" "WRC" "," "inom" "ramen" "för" "sin" "egen" "behörighet" "," "är" "skyldigt" "att" "säkerställa" "att" "lagstiftningen" "om" "likabehandling" "i" "arbetslivet" "," "däribland" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "78" "," "efterlevs" "."


Input: "Icke" "desto" "mindre" "begränsas" "denna" "behörighethet" "av" "den" "i" "förevarande" "mål" "ifrågasatta" "behörighetsregeln" "."


Input: "75" "." "I" "förevarande" "mål" "har" "det" "inte" "gjorts" "gällande" "att" "WRC" "inte" "skulle" "ha" "möjlighet" "att" "tillhandahålla" "ett" "effektivt" "rättsmedel" "," "eller" "att" "säkerställa" "att" "unionsrätten" "ges" "full" "verkan" "," "i" "mål" "där" "den" "har" "sådan" "behörighet" "(" "det" "vill" "säga" "," "i" "mål" "där" "klagomålet" "," "i" "huvudsak" "," "rör" "diskriminering" "från" "arbetsgivarens" "sida" "och" "inte" "en" "bestämmelse" ")" "."


Input: "WRC" "har" "helt" "enkelt" "inte" "någon" "behörighet" "alls" "i" "mål" "där" "det" "," "för" "att" "klagomålet" "ska" "vinna" "framgång" "," "krävs" "att" "man" "underlåter" "att" "tillämpa" "lagstiftning" "."


Input: "76" "." "Denna" "omständighet" "gör" "," "enligt" "min" "uppfattning" "," "att" "förevarande" "mål" "skiljer" "sig" "från" "den" "rättspraxis" "som" "har" "diskuterats" "ovan" "."


Input: "Frågan" "huruvida" "det" "aktuella" "organet" "var" "behörigt" "att" "pröva" "målet" "(" "eller" "fatta" "beslut" "i" "en" "särskild" "fråga" ")" "var" "helt" "enkelt" "inte" "aktuell" "i" "dessa" "mål" "."


Input: "Istället" "var" "den" "gemensamma" "nämnaren" "i" "dessa" "mål" "att" "den" "behöriga" "domstolen" "eller" "myndigheten" "var" "begränsad" "," "inte" "avseende" "behörighet" "," "utan" "med" "avseende" "på" "de" "verktyg" "den" "hade" "till" "sitt" "förfogande" "för" "att" "säkerställa" "att" "unionsrätten" "ges" "full" "verkan" "."


Input: "77" "." "Förvisso" "skulle" "det" "vara" "lockande" "att" "dra" "paralleller" "med" "målet" "CIF" "."


Input: "Såsom" "kommissionen" "anförde" "vid" "förhandlingen" "skulle" "det" "i" "målet" "CIF" "ha" "funnits" "ett" "alternativt" "sätt" "för" "en" "enskild" "att" "påtala" "ett" "brott" "mot" "unionens" "konkurrensregler" "," "nämligen" "att" "anhängiggöra" "en" "talan" "vid" "de" "allmänna" "domstolarna" "."


Input: "Dessa" "domstolar" "skulle" "," "i" "enlighet" "med" "domstolens" "praxis" "," "ha" "varit" "skyldiga" "att" "avstå" "från" "att" "tillämpa" "nationell" "lagstiftning" "som" "stred" "mot" "unionens" "konkurrensregler" "."


Input: "Trots" "detta" "alternativa" "tillvägagångssätt" "(" "som" "inte" "uttryckligen" "diskuterades" "av" "domstolen" ")" "fann" "domstolen" "att" "den" "italienska" "konkurrensmyndigheten" "var" "skyldig" "att" "avstå" "från" "att" "tillämpa" "nationell" "lagstiftning" "i" "syfte" "att" "säkerställa" "att" "de" "unionsrättsliga" "konkurrensbestämmelserna" "ges" "full" "verkan" "."


Input: "78" "." "Här" "är" "det" "emellertid" "av" "särskild" "betydelse" "att" "den" "italienska" "konkurrensmyndighetens" "behörighet" "att" "säkerställa" "att" "de" "unionsrättsliga" "konkurrensbestämmelserna" "efterlevdes" "inte" "var" "begränsad" "enligt" "nationell" "rätt" "."


Input: "Tvärtom" "var" "denna" "myndighet" "det" "(" "enda" ")" "organ" "som" "hade" "behörighet" "att" "säkerställa" "att" "de" "unionsrättsliga" "konkurrensbestämmelserna" "uppfylldes" "."


Input: "Till" "skillnad" "mot" "förevarande" "mål" "," "var" "myndighetens" "materiella" "behörighet" "inte" "begränsad" "till" "en" "viss" "typ" "av" "mål" "."


Input: "Med" "detta" "i" "åtanke" "krävde" "behovet" "av" "att" "säkerställa" "unionsrättens" "fulla" "verkan" "i" "målet" "CIF" "förvisso" "att" "den" "nationella" "konkurrensmyndigheten" "kunde" "avstå" "från" "att" "tillämpa" "nationell" "lagstiftning" "."


Input: "I" "det" "relevanta" "målet" "skulle" "det" "ha" "varit" "svårt" "," "och" "kanske" "till" "och" "med" "omöjligt" "," "för" "denna" "myndighet" "att" "säkerställa" "att" "de" "unionsrättsliga" "konkurrensbestämmelserna" "som" "den" "var" "skyldig" "att" "tillämpa" "uppfylldes" "," "om" "den" "inte" "hade" "sådan" "behörighet" "."


Input: "79" "." "Jag" "finner" "det" "svårt" "att" "se" "ett" "liknande" "behov" "i" "förevarande" "mål" "."


Input: "80" "." "När" "ett" "klagomål" "som" "eventuellt" "kräver" "att" "nationell" "lagstiftning" "inte" "ska" "tillämpas" "har" "anhängiggjorts" "vid" "det" "behöriga" "organet" "(" "High" "Court" ")" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "," "kan" "denna" "domstol" "avstå" "från" "att" "tillämpa" "nationell" "lagstiftning" "som" "anses" "strida" "mot" "unionsrätten" "," "eller" "en" "annan" "överordnad" "regel" "," "och" "tillhandahålla" "andra" "rättsmedel" "som" "krävs" "för" "att" "avhjälpa" "den" "påstådda" "diskrimineringen" "."


Input: "Det" "är" "också" "avgörande" "att" "betona" "att" "det" "inte" "finns" "något" "alternativt" "tillvägagångssätt" "för" "klagande" "," "eftersom" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "har" "exklusiv" "behörighet" "i" "klagomål" "där" "lagstiftningens" "giltighet" "har" "ifrågasatts" "eller" "där" "det" "är" "nödvändigt" "att" "underlåta" "att" "tillämpa" "lagstiftning" "."


Input: "81" "." "Detta" "är" "också" "anledningen" "till" "att" "jag" "inte" "kan" "godta" "argumentet" "att" "behörighetsregeln" "hindrar" "att" "ett" "organ" "som" "WRC" "," "som" "har" "ställning" "som" "”" "domstol" "eller" "tribunal" "”" "i" "den" "mening" "som" "avses" "i" "artikel" "267" "FEUF" "," "(" "25" ")" "säkerställer" "att" "rättigheter" "som" "följer" "av" "unionsrätten" "skyddas" "."


Input: "82" "." "En" "närmare" "granskning" "avslöjar" "svagheterna" "med" "detta" "argument" "."


Input: "WRC" "skulle" "inte" "kunna" "begära" "förhandsavgörande" "avseende" "den" "materiella" "frågan" "huruvida" "en" "bestämmelse" "över" "huvud" "taget" "strider" "mot" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "78" "," "eftersom" "WRC" "inte" "har" "behörighet" "att" "pröva" "sådana" "mål" "."


Input: "Till" "skillnad" "från" "detta" "skulle" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "kunna" "begära" "ett" "förhandsavgörande" "angående" "åldersgränsens" "förenlighet" "med" "unionsrätten" "."


Input: "83" "." "Ett" "följdargument" "till" "detta" "diskuterades" "relativt" "ingående" "vid" "förhandlingen" "."


Input: "Framför" "allt" "WRC" "gjorde" "gällande" "att" "verkan" "av" "förfarandet" "med" "förhandsavgörande" "enligt" "artikel" "267" "FEUF" "allvarligt" "skulle" "hotas" "om" "domstolen" "skulle" "finna" "att" "behörighetsregeln" "inte" "stred" "mot" "unionsrätten" "."


Input: "Den" "omtvistade" "bestämmelsen" "skulle" "hindra" "att" "WRC" "gav" "full" "verkan" "åt" "en" "dom" "som" "meddelats" "av" "domstolen" "," "i" "vilken" "det" "slogs" "fast" "att" "en" "bestämmelse" "i" "den" "irländska" "lagstiftningen" "stred" "mot" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "78" "."


Input: "84" "." "I" "detta" "avseende" "ska" "anmärkas" "att" "detta" "argument" "förutsätter" "att" "målet" "omfattas" "av" "WRC" ":" "s" "behörighet" "."


Input: "Trots" "detta" "har" "inte" "någon" "av" "parterna" "kunnat" "ge" "något" "konkret" "exempel" "på" "en" "situation" "där" "båda" "följande" "omständigheter" "är" "för" "handen" ":" "nämligen" "," "å" "ena" "sidan" "," "att" "målet" "omfattas" "av" "WRC" ":" "s" "behörighet" "," "eftersom" "det" "inte" "är" "nödvändigt" "att" "underlåta" "att" "tillämpa" "nationell" "rätt" "och" "," "å" "andra" "sidan" "," "att" "domstolen" "," "utifrån" "en" "begäran" "om" "förhandsavgörande" "från" "WRC" "," "har" "fastställt" "att" "en" "bestämmelse" "i" "nationell" "lagstiftning" "strider" "mot" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "78" "."


Input: "85" "." "Svårigheten" "för" "parterna" "att" "ge" "ett" "konkret" "exempel" "på" "en" "situation" "där" "behörighetsregeln" "skulle" "äventyra" "verkan" "av" "förfarandet" "om" "förhandsavgörande" "enligt" "artikel" "267" "FEUF" "verkar" "ha" "en" "relativt" "enkel" "förklaring" "."


Input: "En" "sådan" "situation" "kan" "endast" "uppstå" "om" "WRC" "antingen" "ansågs" "ha" "behörighet" "eller" "om" "WRC" "skulle" "överskrida" "gränserna" "för" "sin" "behörighet" "och" "pröva" "ett" "sådant" "klagomål" "."


Input: "c" ")" "En" "preliminär" "slutats"


Input: "86" "." "Det" "kan" "finnas" "giltiga" "skäl" "för" "att" "dela" "upp" "behörigheten" "på" "ett" "visst" "rättsområde" "mellan" "olika" "(" "dömande" ")" "organ" "."


Input: "87" "." "Det" "blir" "allt" "vanligare" "att" "uppgiften" "att" "lösa" "tvister" "som" "uppkommer" "i" "vardagslivet" "," "såsom" "konsumenttvister" "och" "arbetskonflikter" "," "förflyttas" "från" "domstolarna" "till" "specialiserade" "organ" "med" "(" "begränsad" ")" "behörighet" "att" "medla" "och" "/" "eller" "snabbt" "lösa" "sådana" "tvister" "." "(" "26" ")" "Det" "är" "lika" "vanligt" "att" "de" "personer" "som" "prövar" "tvisterna" "i" "dessa" "organ" "," "såsom" "är" "fallet" "avseende" "WRC" "," "inte" "har" "någon" "juridisk" "utbildning" "."


Input: "Dessa" "organ" "är" "ofta" "bättre" "skickade" "än" "domstolarna" "att" "tillhandahålla" "snabba" "och" "effektiva" "lösningar" "på" "sådana" "slags" "tvister" "till" "en" "låg" "kostnad" "."


Input: "88" "." "Emellertid" "är" "det" "inte" "alla" "tvister" "som" "är" "lämpliga" "att" "lösas" "i" "sådana" "organ" "," "i" "synnerhet" "inte" "tvister" "som" "ger" "upphov" "till" "frågor" "som" "kan" "få" "vidare" "rättsliga" "implikationer" "."


Input: "89" "." "Enligt" "fast" "rättspraxis" "ankommer" "det" "," "i" "avsaknad" "av" "unionsrättsliga" "föreskrifter" "på" "området" "," "på" "varje" "medlemsstats" "interna" "rättsordning" "att" "ange" "vilka" "domstolar" "(" "eller" "," "i" "förekommande" "fall" "," "administrativa" "myndigheter" ")" "som" "är" "behöriga" "och" "att" "fastställa" "de" "processuella" "regler" "som" "gäller" "för" "talan" "som" "syftar" "till" "att" "säkerställa" "skyddet" "för" "enskildas" "rättigheter" "enligt" "unionsrätten" "." "(" "27" ")" "Medlemsstaterna" "bär" "likväl" "ansvaret" "för" "att" "i" "varje" "enskilt" "fall" "tillförsäkra" "ett" "effektivt" "skydd" "av" "dessa" "rättigheter" "." "(" "28" ")" "Således" "kan" "behörigheten" "på" "ett" "visst" "unionsrättsligt" "område" "vara" "uppdelad" "mellan" "olika" "organ" "," "förutsatt" "att" "rättigheterna" "i" "fråga" "skyddas" "i" "tillräcklig" "utsträckning" "."


Input: "90" "." "Varje" "organ" "har" "således" "," "inom" "ramen" "för" "sin" "respektive" "behörighet" "," "rätt" "att" "säkerställa" "att" "unionsrätten" "ges" "full" "verkan" "genom" "att" "," "vid" "behov" "," "avstå" "från" "att" "tillämpa" "nationell" "rätt" "som" "strider" "mot" "unionsrätten" "."


Input: "Ett" "organ" "kan" "således" "inte" "," "med" "hänvisning" "till" "unionsrättens" "företräde" "," "helt" "enkelt" "bortse" "från" "behörighetsregler" "som" "begränsar" "dess" "materiella" "behörighet" "på" "ett" "visst" "område" "," "såsom" "detta" "definieras" "i" "nationell" "rätt" "."


Input: "91" "." "Jag" "anser" "därför" "att" "en" "behörighetsregel" "såsom" "den" "som" "är" "aktuell" "i" "det" "nationella" "målet" "," "vilken" "delar" "upp" "behörigheten" "i" "särskilda" "fall" "mellan" "ett" "i" "lag" "föreskrivet" "organ" "och" "en" "allmän" "domstol" "på" "grundval" "av" "klagomålets" "natur" "," "inte" "strider" "mot" "principen" "om" "unionsrättens" "företräde" "och" "omfattas" "av" "tillämpningsområdet" "för" "medlemsstaternas" "processuella" "autonomi" "."


Input: "92" "." "Om" "domstolen" "skulle" "följa" "ordalydelsen" "i" "tolkningsfrågan" "strikt" "," "skulle" "detta" "lösa" "problemet" "."


Input: "Detta" "är" "fallet" "," "eftersom" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "," "såsom" "följer" "tydligt" "av" "tolkningsfrågan" "," "redan" "har" "bedömt" "huruvida" "behörighetsregeln" "uppfyller" "kraven" "på" "likvärdighet" "och" "effektivitet" "."


Input: "Tolkningsfrågan" "förutsätter" "just" "att" "behörighetsregeln" "i" "fråga" "inte" "strider" "mot" "detta" "principer" "." "(" "29" ")"


Input: "93" "." "Det" "är" "naturligtvis" "riktigt" "att" "det" "i" "slutänden" "ankommer" "på" "den" "nationella" "domstolen" "att" "fastställa" "huruvida" "den" "omtvistade" "nationella" "förfaranderegeln" "uppfyller" "likvärdighets" "-" "och" "effektivitetsprinciperna" "."


Input: "Icke" "desto" "mindre" "anser" "jag" "att" "det" "," "mot" "bakgrund" "av" "den" "uppmärksamhet" "som" "dessa" "principer" "har" "fått" "i" "parternas" "såväl" "skriftliga" "som" "muntliga" "yttranden" "," "är" "nödvändigt" "att" "bemöta" "de" "huvudsakliga" "argument" "som" "parterna" "har" "framfört" "angående" "den" "nationella" "domstolens" "bedömning" "," "särskilt" "med" "avseende" "på" "effektivitetsprincipen" "."


Input: "2" "." "Fördelningen" "av" "behörigheten" "mellan" "WRC" "och" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" ":" "Förenligheten" "med" "principerna" "om" "likvärdighet" "och" "effektivitet"


Input: "94" "." "Det" "framgår" "av" "fast" "rättspraxis" "att" "de" "processuella" "reglerna" "för" "mål" "som" "syftar" "till" "att" "säkerställa" "skyddet" "för" "enskildas" "rättigheter" "som" "följer" "av" "unionsrätten" "varken" "får" "vara" "mindre" "förmånliga" "än" "de" "som" "avser" "liknande" "mål" "som" "grundas" "på" "nationell" "rätt" "(" "likvärdighetsprincipen" ")" "eller" "medföra" "att" "det" "i" "praktiken" "blir" "omöjligt" "eller" "orimligt" "svårt" "att" "utöva" "rättigheter" "som" "följer" "av" "unionens" "rättsordning" "(" "effektivitetsprincipen" ")" "." "(" "30" ")"


Input: "a" ")" "Likvärdighet" ":" "Strävan" "efter" "att" "hitta" "rätt" "jämförelseobjekt"


Input: "95" "." "I" "domen" "av" "den" "15" "juni" "2017" "fann" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "att" "behörighetsregeln" "uppfyller" "effektivitetsprincipen" "," "eftersom" "exakt" "samma" "ordning" "skulle" "tillämpas" "oavsett" "om" "den" "rättsregel" "som" "ligger" "till" "grund" "för" "talan" "följer" "av" "nationell" "rätt" "eller" "unionsrätten" "."


Input: "Behörighetsregeln" "i" "fråga" "skulle" "alltså" "vara" "tillämplig" "," "och" "tillerkänna" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "behörighet" "," "i" "en" "talan" "som" "grundar" "sig" "helt" "på" "nationell" "rätt" "." "(" "31" ")"


Input: "96" "." "Jag" "ser" "inget" "fel" "i" "denna" "bedömning" "."


Input: "97" "." "Det" "framgår" "av" "rättspraxis" "att" "den" "aktuella" "nationella" "bestämmelsen" "ska" "tillämpas" "på" "samma" "sätt" "på" "en" "talan" "som" "grundar" "sig" "på" "enskildas" "rättigheter" "på" "grundval" "av" "unionsrätten" "," "som" "på" "en" "talan" "som" "grundar" "sig" "på" "ett" "åsidosättande" "av" "nationell" "rätt" "när" "föremålet" "och" "grunden" "för" "talan" "är" "likartade" "." "(" "32" ")" "Med" "andra" "ord" "måste" "likvärdighetsbedömningen" "genomföras" "i" "två" "steg" "."


Input: "Först" "måste" "man" "hitta" "rätt" "jämförelseobjekt" "."


Input: "Därefter" "måste" "man" "fastställa" "om" "förfarandet" "som" "grundar" "sig" "på" "unionsrätten" "behandlas" "mindre" "förmånligt" "än" "det" "jämförbara" "förfarandet" "enligt" "nationell" "rätt" "."


Input: "98" "." "De" "första" "och" "tredje" "övriga" "deltagarna" "har" "i" "detta" "avseende" "gjort" "gällande" "att" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "inte" "har" "valt" "det" "mest" "lämpliga" "jämförelseobjektet" "."


Input: "I" "sina" "yttranden" "har" "de" "framfört" "att" "det" "går" "att" "finna" "ett" "lämpligare" "jämförelseobjekt" "i" "en" "talan" "om" "likabehandling" "i" "arbetslivet" "som" "vilar" "antingen" "på" "en" "grund" "som" "faller" "utanför" "tillämpningsområdet" "för" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "78" "eller" "som" "inte" "kräver" "att" "man" "avstår" "från" "att" "tillämpa" "nationell" "rätt" "."


Input: "99" "." "I" "detta" "avseende" "vill" "jag" "till" "att" "börja" "med" "erinra" "om" "att" "det" "ankommer" "på" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "," "som" "har" "direkt" "kunskap" "om" "de" "tillämpliga" "processuella" "reglerna" "," "att" "avgöra" "likheten" "mellan" "talan" "i" "de" "berörda" "målen" "vad" "beträffar" "föremålet" "," "grunden" "och" "de" "väsentliga" "beståndsdelarna" "." "(" "33" ")" "Det" "förefaller" "därför" "som" "om" "," "att" "domstolen" "endast" "i" "undantagsfall" "," "om" "denna" "bedömning" "visar" "sig" "vara" "uppenbart" "felaktig" "," "kan" "ifrågasätta" "ett" "konstaterande" "som" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "gjort" "om" "principen" "om" "likvärdighet" "."


Input: "100" "." "Det" "finns" "inget" "behov" "för" "en" "så" "drastisk" "åtgärd" "här" "."


Input: "Tvärtom" "anser" "jag" "att" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "har" "valt" "det" "enda" "rimliga" "jämförelseobjektet" "."


Input: "101" "." "Såsom" "domstolen" "vid" "upprepade" "tillfällen" "har" "slagit" "fast" "kräver" "principen" "om" "likabehandling" "inte" "att" "en" "medlemsstat" "ska" "utvidga" "sitt" "mest" "fördelaktiga" "nationella" "system" "till" "att" "omfatta" "samtliga" "fall" "av" "talan" "som" "väckts" "inom" "ett" "visst" "rättsområde" "." "(" "34" ")"


Input: "102" "." "Såvitt" "jag" "kan" "förstå" "från" "de" "skriftliga" "yttrandena" "," "har" "de" "första" "och" "tredje" "övriga" "deltagarna" "gjort" "gällande" "att" "alla" "klagomål" "rörande" "likabehandling" "i" "arbetslivet" "ska" "anses" "vara" "jämförbara" "," "huvudsakligen" "till" "följd" "av" "att" "förfarandet" "i" "WRC" "är" "enklare" "och" "inte" "utgör" "en" "ekonomisk" "risk" "för" "klaganden" "."


Input: "103" "." "Om" "detta" "synsätt" "godtogs" "skulle" "det" "i" "praktiken" "innebära" "att" "likvärdighetsbedömningen" "helt" "skulle" "fråntas" "all" "verkan" "."


Input: "Det" "skulle" "innebära" "att" "man" "jämför" "objekt" "som" "inte" "är" "jämförbara" "."


Input: "Såsom" "detta" "mål" "så" "väl" "illustrerar" "är" "inte" "alla" "mål" "rörande" "ett" "visst" "rättsområde" "jämförbara" "."


Input: "Klagomål" "rörande" "likabehandling" "i" "arbetslivet" "skiljer" "sig" "åt" "vad" "beträffar" "föremålet" "," "grunden" "och" "de" "väsentliga" "beståndsdelarna" "beroende" "på" "källan" "till" "diskrimineringen" "."


Input: "En" "talan" "kan" "därför" "anhängiggöras" "i" "WRC" "när" "diskrimineringen" "bygger" "på" "ett" "handlingssätt" "(" "vanligtvis" "ett" "beslut" "fattat" "av" "arbetsgivaren" ")" "i" "ett" "anställningsförhållande" "." "(" "35" ")" "Till" "skillnad" "från" "detta" "handlar" "en" "talan" "om" "ogiltigförklaring" "av" "lagstiftning" "eller" "som" "kräver" "att" "man" "avstår" "från" "att" "tillämpa" "lagstiftning" "huvudsakligen" "om" "frågan" "huruvida" "bestämmelse" "som" "har" "ställning" "som" "lag" "är" "lagenlig" "."


Input: "Detta" "är" "enligt" "min" "uppfattning" "en" "avgörande" "skillnad" "som" "inte" "ska" "underskattas" "."


Input: "Skillnaden" "mellan" "de" "processuella" "regler" "(" "36" ")" "som" "gäller" "för" "mål" "vid" "WRC" "respektive" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "," "förklaras" "dessutom" "just" "av" "den" "naturliga" "skillnaden" "mellan" "de" "olika" "typer" "av" "mål" "som" "dessa" "organ" "har" "behörighet" "att" "pröva" "."


Input: "104" "." "Med" "andra" "ord" "måste" "det" "lämpligaste" "jämförelseobjektet" "," "såsom" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "har" "föreslagit" "," "vara" "en" "talan" "som" "anhängiggörs" "i" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "i" "enlighet" "med" "ren" "nationell" "rätt" "."


Input: "b" ")" "Effektivitet" ":" "Behovet" "av" "att" "anhängiggöra" "flera" "mål" "för" "att" "utöva" "rättigheter" "som" "följer" "av" "unionsrätten"


Input: "105" "." "Enligt" "fast" "rättspraxis" "ska" "effektiviteten" "bedömas" "med" "beaktande" "av" "bestämmelsens" "funktion" "i" "förfarandet" "vid" "de" "olika" "nationella" "domstolarna" "som" "helhet" "betraktat" "samt" "med" "beaktande" "av" "hur" "förfarandet" "är" "utformat" "och" "dess" "särdrag" "." "(" "37" ")"


Input: "106" "." "I" "domen" "av" "den" "15" "juni" "2017" "undersökte" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "bland" "annat" "High" "Courts" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolens" ")" "behörighet" "att" "inhämta" "bevisning" "," "kostnadsordningen" "," "förfarandets" "kontradiktoriska" "natur" "i" "nämnda" "domstol" "och" "High" "Courts" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolens" ")" "behörighet" "att" "tillhandahålla" "rättsmedel" "av" "valfri" "art" "som" "krävs" "för" "att" "göra" "gällande" "de" "rättigheter" "som" "garanteras" "i" "unionsrätten" "."


Input: "Efter" "att" "ha" "undersökt" "dessa" "särdrag" "i" "förfarandet" "vid" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "drog" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "slutsatsen" "att" "behörighetsregeln" "uppfyllde" "kraven" "på" "effektivitet" "." "(" "38" ")"


Input: "107" "." "Den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "undersökte" "dock" "inte" "uttryckligen" "de" "processuella" "olägenheter" "som" "kan" "uppkomma" "till" "följd" "av" "att" "ett" "klagomål" "måste" "delas" "upp" "mellan" "två" "organ" "."


Input: "Denna" "fråga" "prövades" "av" "domstolen" "i" "målet" "Impact" "." "(" "39" ")" "Denna" "dom" "diskuterades" "ingående" "vid" "förhandlingen" "."


Input: "Det" "kan" "därför" "vara" "värdefullt" "att" "göra" "några" "anmärkningar" "om" "denna" "fråga" "."


Input: "108" "." "Målet" "Impact" "handlade" "om" "en" "processuell" "bestämmelse" "som" "tvingade" "klagande" "att" "anhängiggöra" "flera" "mål" "för" "att" "utöva" "sina" "rättigheter" "enligt" "direktiv" "1999" "/" "70" "." "(" "40" ")" "Närmare" "bestämt" "föreskrev" "irländsk" "rätt" "att" "klagomål" "rörande" "visstidsarbete" "som" "grundade" "sig" "på" "den" "lag" "som" "hade" "införlivat" "direktivet" "kunde" "göras" "till" "Rights" "Commissioner" "(" "en" "specialdomstol" ")" "," "medan" "klagomål" "som" "grundade" "sig" "direkt" "på" "direktivet" "(" "det" "vill" "säga" "klagomål" "som" "uppkommit" "efter" "utgången" "av" "införlivandefristen" "," "men" "innan" "Irland" "hade" "fullgjort" "sina" "skyldigheter" ")" "skulle" "anhängiggöras" "vid" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "."


Input: "109" "." "I" "domen" "fann" "domstolen" "inledningsvis" "att" "ett" "yrkande" "som" "grundade" "sig" "på" "att" "nämnda" "införlivandelag" "hade" "åsidosatts" "och" "ett" "yrkande" "som" "direkt" "grundade" "sig" "på" "nämnda" "direktiv" "skulle" "betraktas" "som" "en" "och" "samma" "talan" "." "(" "41" ")" "Trots" "att" "yrkandena" "grundade" "sig" "på" "två" "rättsliga" "grunder" "som" "var" "formellt" "avgränsade" "från" "varandra" "syftade" "de" "till" "att" "skydda" "samma" "rättigheter" "," "vilka" "var" "hänförliga" "till" "unionsrätten" "." "(" "42" ")"


Input: "110" "." "Domstolen" "fann" "sedan" "att" "i" "förhållanden" "där" "den" "irländska" "lagstiftaren" "hade" "valt" "att" "ge" "specialdomstolar" "behörighet" "(" "även" "om" "denna" "var" "valfri" ")" "att" "pröva" "mål" "som" "grundade" "sig" "på" "den" "lag" "genom" "vilken" "direktiv" "1999" "/" "70" "hade" "införlivats" "," "skulle" "det" "strida" "mot" "effektivitetsprincipen" "om" "klagandena" "var" "skyldiga" "att" "samtidigt" "väcka" "en" "separat" "talan" "vid" "allmän" "domstol" "för" "att" "göra" "gällande" "de" "rättigheter" "som" "de" "hade" "direkt" "på" "grundval" "av" "direktivet" "."


Input: "Detta" "var" "särskilt" "fallet" "om" "den" "nationella" "domstolen" "skulle" "finna" "att" "denna" "skyldighet" "skulle" "förorsaka" "de" "berörda" "processuella" "olägenheter" "," "till" "exempel" "med" "avseende" "på" "kostnader" "," "varaktighet" "och" "bestämmelser" "om" "ombud" "," "vilka" "kunde" "göra" "det" "orimligt" "svårt" "att" "utöva" "de" "rättigheter" "som" "avsågs" "i" "direktivet" "." "(" "43" ")"


Input: "111" "." "Denna" "dom" "fastställer" "och" "vidareutvecklar" "en" "väletablerad" "praxis" "rörande" "effektivitetsprincipens" "tillämpning" "."


Input: "Domstolen" "tog" "upp" "de" "processuella" "olägenheter" "som" "var" "förknippade" "med" "att" "behöva" "väcka" "talan" "i" "olika" "mål" "i" "en" "situation" "där" "lagstiftaren" "hade" "tilldelat" "en" "specialdomstol" "behörighet" "att" "pröva" "klagomål" "som" "grundade" "sig" "på" "den" "nationella" "lagstiftningen" "som" "införlivade" "direktivet" "," "men" "då" "detta" "organ" "inte" "kunde" "pröva" "klagomål" "som" "grundade" "sig" "direkt" "på" "direktivet" "."


Input: "112" "." "Det" "är" "viktigt" "att" "beakta" "domstolens" "uttalande" "i" "rätt" "sammanhang" "."


Input: "Uttalandet" "angående" "processuella" "olägenheter" "gjordes" "särskilt" "inom" "ramen" "för" "en" "skyldighet" "att" "anhängiggöra" "flera" "mål" "för" "att" "," "i" "princip" "," "utöva" "samma" "rättigheter" "som" "följer" "av" "unionsrätten" "(" "men" "som" "avsåg" "olika" "tidsperioder" ")" "."


Input: "Med" "hänsyn" "till" "denna" "särskilda" "aspekt" "av" "domen" "i" "målet" "Impact" "skulle" "det" "enligt" "min" "uppfattning" "inte" "vara" "riktigt" "att" "tolka" "domstolens" "obiter" "dictum" "angående" "effektivitetsprincipen" "så" "," "att" "den" "i" "allmänhet" "ifrågasätter" "alla" "behörighetsregler" "på" "ett" "rättsområde" "som" "fördelar" "behörigheten" "mellan" "olika" "instanser" "där" "processreglerna" "inte" "är" "lika" "förmånliga" "för" "klagandena" "."


Input: "113" "." "Tvärtom" "är" "det" "viktigt" "att" "komma" "ihåg" "att" "domstolens" "praxis" "innebär" "att" "nationella" "processregler" "inte" "får" "göra" "det" "orimligt" "svårt" "att" "utöva" "rättigheter" "som" "följer" "av" "unionens" "rättsordning" "."


Input: "Det" "krävs" "inte" "att" "alla" "mål" "på" "ett" "särskilt" "rättsområde" "hanteras" "på" "samma" "sätt" "," "av" "samma" "domstol" "eller" "organ" "," "i" "enlighet" "med" "de" "processregler" "som" "är" "mest" "förmånliga" "för" "klaganden" "." "(" "44" ")"


Input: "114" "." "Det" "är" "riktigt" "att" "WRC" "," "till" "skillnad" "från" "vad" "som" "var" "fallet" "i" "målet" "Impact" "," "inte" "har" "tilldelats" "(" "valfri" ")" "behörighet" "från" "den" "irländska" "lagstiftaren" "att" "pröva" "mål" "som" "i" "vanliga" "fall" "omfattas" "av" "High" "Courts" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "behörighet" "."


Input: "Det" "finns" "i" "stället" "en" "tydlig" "uppdelning" "av" "behörigheten" "mellan" "WRC" "och" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "."


Input: "115" "." "Det" "framgår" "av" "beslutet" "om" "hänskjutande" "att" "målet" "vid" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "gäller" "en" "talan" "om" "diskriminering" "som" "är" "en" "naturlig" "del" "av" "åldersgränsen" "," "som" "utgör" "sekundärrättslig" "lagstiftning" "."


Input: "Någon" "invändning" "rörande" "diskriminering" "som" "omfattas" "av" "WRC" ":" "s" "behörighet" "har" "inte" "framställts" "vid" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "."


Input: "Under" "dessa" "omständigheter" "förefaller" "fördelningen" "av" "behörigheten" "mellan" "WRC" "och" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "inte" "ge" "upphov" "till" "kritik" "."


Input: "Det" "finns" "inget" "annat" "rättsmedel" "tillgängligt" "för" "att" "framställa" "klagomål" "än" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "."


Input: "För" "mig" "verkar" "det" "," "om" "något" "," "vara" "så" "att" "fördelningen" "av" "behörigheten" "möjliggör" "en" "effektiv" "prövning" "av" "mål" "som" "kräver" "att" "man" "underlåter" "att" "tillämpa" "nationell" "lagstiftning" "," "om" "man" "beaktar" "att" "klagandena" "i" "sådana" "mål" "inte" "först" "måste" "väcka" "talan" "vid" "WRC" "."


Input: "116" "." "Avsaknaden" "av" "ett" "alternativt" "rättsmedel" "för" "klagande" "som" "anser" "sig" "förfördelade" "på" "grund" "av" "en" "bestämmelse" "förklarar" "utan" "tvekan" "varför" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "inte" "har" "prövat" "behörighetsregeln" "mot" "bakgrund" "av" "domstolens" "dom" "i" "målet" "Impact" "."


Input: "117" "." "Trots" "detta" "verkar" "det" "dock" "inte" "omöjligt" "att" "föreställa" "sig" "en" "situation" "där" "en" "klagande" "väcker" "talan" "och" "yrkar" "att" "vederbörande" "har" "utsatts" "för" "diskriminering" "(" "i" "strid" "med" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "78" ")" "inte" "bara" "till" "följd" "av" "en" "bestämmelse" "utan" "också" "på" "grund" "av" "en" "arbetsgivares" "handlingssätt" "."


Input: "Om" "WRC" "även" "i" "en" "sådan" "situation" "har" "behörighet" "att" "pröva" "klagomålet" "i" "någon" "del" "," "förefaller" "det" "som" "om" "domstolens" "uttalande" "i" "domen" "i" "målet" "Impact" "ska" "tillämpas" "fullt" "ut" "."


Input: "Om" "High" "Courts" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolens" ")" "behörighet" "i" "stället" "har" "företräde" "framför" "WRC" ":" "s" "behörighet" "," "det" "vill" "säga" "så" "att" "WRC" "inte" "alls" "har" "behörighet" "och" "att" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansöverdomstolen" ")" "anses" "ha" "exklusiv" "behörighet" "att" "pröva" "målet" "i" "sin" "helhet" "verkar" "domstolens" "uttalande" "sakna" "relevans" "."


Input: "118" "." "Det" "ankommer" "dock" "inte" "på" "EU-domstolen" "att" "göra" "denna" "bedömning" "."


Input: "Det" "är" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolens" "uppgift" "att" "i" "detta" "sammanhang" "fastställa" "innebörden" "av" "de" "relevanta" "nationella" "bestämmelserna" "som" "fördelar" "behörigheten" "mellan" "WRC" "och" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "."


Input: "119" "." "Mot" "denna" "bakgrund" "är" "det" "min" "uppfattning" "att" "unionsrätten" "inte" "utgör" "hinder" "för" "en" "behörighetsbestämmelse" "," "såsom" "den" "i" "det" "nationella" "målet" "," "som" "i" "särskilda" "fall" "delar" "upp" "behörigheten" "mellan" "ett" "enligt" "lag" "inrättat" "organ" "och" "en" "allmän" "domstol" "på" "grundval" "av" "klagomålets" "natur" "," "förutsatt" "att" "samtidig" "behörighet" "inte" "kan" "uppkomma" "inom" "ramen" "för" "samma" "klagomål" "."


Input: "IV" "." "Förslag" "till" "avgörande"


Input: "120" "." "Mot" "bakgrund" "av" "vad" "som" "har" "anförts" "ovan" "föreslår" "jag" "att" "domstolen" "besvarar" "den" "fråga" "som" "Supreme" "Court" "(" "Högsta" "domstolen" ")" "(" "Irland" ")" "har" "ställt" "på" "följande" "sätt" ":"


Input: "Unionsrätten" "utgör" "inte" "hinder" "för" "en" "behörighetsbestämmelse" "," "såsom" "den" "i" "det" "nationella" "målet" "," "som" "i" "särskilda" "fall" "delar" "upp" "behörigheten" "mellan" "ett" "enligt" "lag" "inrättat" "organ" "och" "en" "allmän" "domstol" "på" "grundval" "av" "klagomålets" "natur" "," "förutsatt" "att" "samtidig" "behörighet" "inte" "kan" "uppkomma" "inom" "ramen" "för" "samma" "klagomål" "."


Input: "1" "Originalspråk" ":" "engelska" "."


Input: "2" "Rådets" "direktiv" "av" "den" "27" "november" "2000" "om" "inrättande" "av" "en" "allmän" "ram" "för" "likabehandling" "i" "yrkeslivet" "(" "EGT" "L" "303" "," "2000" "," "s" "." "16" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "3" "Dom" "av" "den" "9" "mars" "1978" "," "Simmenthal" "," "106" "/" "77" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1978" ":" "49" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "4" "I" "det" "mål" "som" "är" "anhängigt" "vid" "den" "nationella" "domstolen" "utgör" "de" "relevanta" "lagarna" "Employment" "Equality" "Acts" "1998" "till" "2004" "," "och" "i" "förekommande" "fall" "," "i" "ändrad" "lydelse" "."


Input: "5" "Till" "följd" "av" "Workplace" "Relations" "Commission" "Act" "," "2015" "," "har" "de" "relevanta" "funktioner" "som" "tidigare" "utövades" "av" "Equality" "Tribunal" "(" "Likabehandlingstribunalen" ")" "numera" "överförts" "till" "WRC" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O"


Input: "6" "Garda" "Síochána" "(" "Admissions" "and" "Appointments" ")" "(" "Amendment" ")" "Regulations" "," "2014" "," "(" "2014" "års" "reglemente" "för" "Garda" "Síochána" "(" "antagning" "och" "anställning" ")" "(" "ändring" ")" ")" "(" "S.I" "." "nr" "749" "år" "2004" ")" "."

"O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O"

"O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O"

"O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "O" "O"


Input: "7" "Förutom" "begäran" "om" "hänskjutande" "av" "den" "15" "juni" "2017" "," "meddelade" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "också" "en" "särskild" "dom" "samma" "dag" "(" "Minister" "for" "Justice" "," "Equality" "and" "Law" "Reform" "&" "Others" "mot" "The" "Workplace" "Relations" "Commission" "," "[" "2017" "]" "IESC" "43" ")" "," "som" "avsåg" "frågan" "om" "WRC" ":" "s" "behörighet" "enligt" "nationell" "rätt" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "I" "denna" "dom" "prövade" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "också" "vissa" "unionsrättsliga" "frågor" "."


Input: "Den" "prövade" "," "bland" "annat" "," "huruvida" "fördelningen" "av" "behörigheten" "mellan" "WRC" "och" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "uppfyllde" "principerna" "om" "likvärdighet" "och" "effektivitet" "."


Input: "8" "Se" "," "bland" "annat" "," "dom" "av" "den" "6" "september" "2016" "," "Petruhhin" "," "C" "‑" "182" "/" "15" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2016" ":" "630" "," "punkt" "20" "och" "där" "angiven" "rättspraxis" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "9" "Könsdiskriminering" "utgör" "ett" "undantag" "från" "denna" "regel" "."


Input: "I" "tvister" "rörande" "könsdiskriminering" "kan" "den" "klagande" "välja" "att" "anhängiggöra" "målet" "direkt" "vid" "Circuit" "Court" "(" "Regiondomstolen" ")" "."


Input: "10" "Se" "https" ":" "/" "/" "www.workplacerelations.ie" "/" "en" "/" "Complaints_Disputes" "/" "Adjudication" "/" "(" "sidan" "besöktes" "den" "5" "juli" "2018" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"


Input: "11" "Domen" "av" "den" "15" "juni" "2017" "," "punkterna" "5.3" "." "och" "5.6" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "12" "Se" "," "särskilt" "," "dom" "av" "den" "22" "oktober" "1998" "," "IN.CO" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "I-PERSON" "O"

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"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "32" "Dom" "av" "den" "27" "juni" "2013" "," "Agrokonsulting" "-" "04" "," "C" "‑" "93" "/" "12" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2013" ":" "432" "," "punkt" "39" "och" "där" "angiven" "rättspraxis" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "33" "Se" "," "exempelvis" "," "dom" "av" "den" "29" "oktober" "2009" "," "Pontin" "," "C" "‑" "63" "/" "08" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2009" ":" "666" "," "punkt" "45" "och" "där" "angiven" "rättspraxis" "," "och" "dom" "av" "den" "12" "februari" "2015" "," "Baczó" "och" "Vizsnyiczai" "," "C" "‑" "567" "/" "13" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "88" "," "punkt" "44" "och" "där" "angiven" "rättspraxis" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "34" "Dom" "av" "den" "26" "januari" "2010" "," "Transportes" "Urbanos" "y" "Servicios" "Generales" "," "C" "‑" "118" "/" "08" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2010" ":" "39" "," "punkt" "34" "och" "där" "angiven" "rättspraxis" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "I" "alla" "händelser" "är" "frågan" "om" "vad" "som" "utgör" "en" "”" "oförmånlig" "”" "processregel" "i" "slutänden" "en" "fråga" "om" "perspektiv" "."


Input: "Se" "i" "detta" "avseende" "dom" "av" "den" "12" "februari" "2015" "," "Baczó" "och" "Vizsnyiczai" "C" "‑" "567" "/" "13" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "88" "," "punkterna" "46" "och" "47" "," "angående" "frågan" "om" "det" "skulle" "kunna" "betraktas" "som" "”" "oförmånligt" "”" "att" "," "å" "ena" "sidan" "," "ange" "att" "domstolar" "i" "högre" "instans" "ska" "handlägga" "en" "viss" "typ" "mål" "och" "," "å" "andra" "sidan" "," "de" "olika" "kostnadsordningar" "som" "är" "tillämpliga" "i" "de" "jämförda" "förfarandena" "."


Input: "35" "Såvitt" "jag" "har" "förstått" "skulle" "dessa" "," "exempelvis" "," "avse" "underlåtelse" "att" "befordra" "en" "anställd" "på" "grund" "av" "en" "av" "de" "skyddade" "diskrimineringsgrunderna" "," "underlåtelse" "att" "höja" "en" "anställds" "lön" "på" "ett" "diskriminerande" "sätt" "eller" "underlåtelse" "att" "anpassa" "arbetsplatsen" "och" "arbetsuppgifterna" "så" "att" "en" "anställd" "med" "funktionshinder" "kan" "utföra" "arbetet" "."


Input: "36" "Det" "framgår" "av" "handlingarna" "i" "målet" "att" "förfarandet" "i" "WRC" "bygger" "på" "undersökningsprincipen" "," "medan" "förfarandet" "i" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "är" "kontradiktoriskt" "."


Input: "Dessutom" "tillämpar" "organen" "olika" "kostnadsordningar" "."


Input: "I" "High" "Court" "(" "Förstainstansdomstolen" ")" "riskerar" "klaganden" "att" "behöva" "ersätta" "rättegångskostnaderna" "."


Input: "Detta" "är" "dock" "inte" "fallet" "i" "WRC" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O"


Input: "Skälet" "till" "detta" "är" "att" "parterna" "kan" "ha" "juridiska" "ombud" "," "men" "den" "dömande" "tjänstemannen" "(" "adjudication" "officer" ")" "inte" "har" "behörighet" "att" "förplikta" "ena" "parten" "att" "ersätta" "rättegångskostnaderna" "."


Input: "Dömande" "tjänstemän" "har" "dessutom" "endast" "begränsad" "behörighet" "att" "tvinga" "vittnen" "att" "närvara" "och" "dokumentation" "och" "bevisning" "läggs" "inte" "fram" "under" "ed" "."


Input: "Därtill" "kan" "en" "dömande" "tjänsteman" "inte" "låta" "en" "part" "som" "inte" "är" "namngiven" "i" "förfarandet" "intervenera" "," "eftersom" "WRC" "endast" "har" "begränsad" "dömande" "behörighet" "enligt" "lag" "."


Input: "37" "Se" "," "bland" "annat" "," "dom" "av" "den" "14" "december" "1995" "," "Peterbroeck" "," "C" "‑" "312" "/" "93" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1995" ":" "437" "," "punkt" "14" "," "dom" "av" "den" "13" "mars" "2007" "," "Unibet" "," "C" "‑" "432" "/" "05" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2007" ":" "163" "," "punkt" "54" "," "och" "dom" "av" "den" "8" "september" "2011" "," "Rosado" "Santana" "," "C" "‑" "177" "/" "10" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2011" ":" "557" "," "punkt" "92" "och" "där" "angiven" "rättspraxis" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "38" "Dom" "av" "den" "15" "juni" "2017" "," "punkterna" "7.2" "–" "7.16" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "39" "Dom" "av" "den" "15" "april" "2008" "," "Impact" "," "C" "‑" "268" "/" "06" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2008" ":" "223" "," "punkt" "51" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "40" "Rådets" "direktiv" "1999" "/" "70" "/" "EG" "av" "den" "28" "juni" "1999" "om" "ramavtalet" "om" "visstidsarbete" "undertecknat" "av" "EFS" "," "UNICE" "och" "CEEP" "(" "EGT" "L" "175" "," "1999" "," "s" "." "43" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "41" "Dom" "av" "den" "15" "april" "2008" "," "Impact" "," "C" "‑" "268" "/" "06" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2008" ":" "223" "," "punkt" "50" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "42" "Se" "förslag" "till" "avgörande" "av" "generaladvokaten" "Kokott" "i" "målet" "Impact" "," "C" "‑" "268" "/" "06" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2008" ":" "2" "," "punkt" "58" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "43" "Dom" "av" "den" "15" "april" "2008" "," "Impact" "," "C" "‑" "268" "/" "06" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2008" ":" "223" "," "punkt" "51" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "44" "Se" "," "för" "ett" "liknande" "resonemang" "," "dom" "av" "den" "12" "februari" "2015" "," "Baczó" "och" "Vizsnyiczai" "," "C" "‑" "567" "/" "13" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "88" "," "punkterna" "51" "och" "52" "och" "där" "angiven" "rättspraxis" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "FÖRSLAG" "TILL" "AVGÖRANDE" "AV" "GENERALADVOKAT"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON"
"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT"
"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-TIME"
"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION"
"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION"
"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT"
"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE"
"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS"
"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-TIME"
"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS"
"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-DATE"
"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON"


Input: "ELEANOR" "SHARPSTON"

"I-TIME" "I-TIME"
"B-TIME" "B-TIME"
"I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"
"B-DATE" "B-DATE"
"I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"
"B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"
"B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"
"I-DATE" "I-DATE"
"I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"
"B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"
"B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "föredraget" "den" "11" "september" "2018" "(" "1" ")"

"O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "Mål" "C" "‑" "457" "/" "17"


Input: "Heiko" "Jonny" "Maniero"


Input: "mot"


Input: "Studienstiftung" "des" "deutschen" "Volkes" "eV"

"I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON"

"I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE"

"B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME"

"B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE"

"B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON"

"I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME"

"B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"


Input: "(" "begäran" "om" "förhandsavgörande" "från" "Bundesgerichtshof" "(" "Federala" "högsta" "domstolen" "," "Tyskland" ")" ")"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O"


Input: "”" "Direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "/" "EG" "–" "Likabehandling" "av" "personer" "oavsett" "deras" "ras" "eller" "etniska" "ursprung" "–" "Artikel" "3.1" "g" "–" "Utbildning" "–" "Stipendier" "som" "ges" "till" "studenter" "som" "avlagt" "den" "första" "juridiska" "statsexamen" "”"


Input: "1" "." "”" "Ingen" "bestrider" "att" "de" "ungas" "utbildning" "kräver" "lagstiftarens" "särskilda" "uppmärksamhet" "…" "men" "frågan" "vad" "som" "är" "utbildning" "måste" "tas" "i" "övervägande" "." "”" "(" "2" ")"


Input: "2" "." "Den" "europeiska" "lagstiftaren" "har" "antagit" "lagstiftning" "i" "detta" "avseende" "," "vilken" "bland" "annat" "erkänner" "rätten" "till" "utbildning" "som" "en" "grundläggande" "rättighet" "." "(" "3" ")" "Begreppet" "”" "utbildning" "”" "har" "emellertid" "inte" "definierats" "däri" "."


Input: "Denna" "begäran" "om" "förhandsavgörande" "påkallar" "att" "domstolen" "besvarar" "denna" "klassiska" "fråga" "," "nu" "inom" "ramen" "för" "unionsrätten" "," "närmare" "bestämt" "rådets" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "/" "EG" "." "(" "4" ")" "Vad" "är" "utbildning" "?"


Input: "Tillämpliga" "bestämmelser"


Input: "Direktiv" "2000" "/" "43"


Input: "3" "." "Syftet" "med" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "är" "att" "fastställa" "en" "ram" "för" "bekämpning" "av" "diskriminering" "på" "grund" "av" "ras" "eller" "etniskt" "ursprung" "." "(" "5" ")"


Input: "4" "." "Artikel" "2.1" "förbjuder" "både" "direkt" "och" "indirekt" "diskriminering" "på" "grund" "av" "ras" "eller" "etniskt" "ursprung" "."


Input: "Enligt" "artikel" "2.2" "anses" "direkt" "diskriminering" "förekomma" "”" "när" "en" "person" "på" "grund" "av" "ras" "eller" "etniskt" "ursprung" "behandlas" "mindre" "förmånligt" "än" "en" "annan" "person" "behandlas" "," "har" "behandlats" "eller" "skulle" "ha" "behandlats" "i" "en" "jämförbar" "situation" "”" "," "och" "indirekt" "diskriminering" "”" "när" "en" "skenbart" "neutral" "bestämmelse" "eller" "ett" "skenbart" "neutralt" "kriterium" "eller" "förfaringssätt" "särskilt" "missgynnar" "personer" "av" "en" "viss" "ras" "eller" "ett" "visst" "etniskt" "ursprung" "jämfört" "med" "andra" "personer" "," "om" "inte" "bestämmelsen" "," "kriteriet" "eller" "förfaringssättet" "objektivt" "motiveras" "av" "ett" "berättigat" "mål" "och" "medlen" "för" "att" "uppnå" "detta" "mål" "är" "lämpliga" "och" "nödvändiga" "”" "."


Input: "5" "." "Artikel" "3.1" "anger" "att" "”" "inom" "ramen" "för" "gemenskapens" "befogenheter" "skall" "detta" "direktiv" "tillämpas" "på" "alla" "personer" "," "såväl" "inom" "den" "offentliga" "som" "den" "privata" "sektorn" "," "inklusive" "offentliga" "organ" "," "i" "fråga" "om" "följande" ":" "…"


Input: "(" "g" ")" "Utbildning" "…" "”" "."


Input: "Nationell" "lagstiftning"


Input: "6" "." "Direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "införlivades" "i" "med" "tysk" "rätt" "genom" "Allgemeines" "Gleichbehandlungsgesetz" "(" "allmän" "lag" "om" "likabehandling" "," "nedan" "kallad" "AGG" ")" "."


Input: "7" "." "1" "§" "AGG" "förbjuder" "all" "diskriminering" "på" "grund" "av" "bland" "annat" "ras" "eller" "etniskt" "ursprung" "."


Input: "2.1.7" "§" "," "som" "införlivar" "artikel" "3.1" "g" "i" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "," "anger" "att" "förbudet" "innefattar" "diskriminering" "med" "avseende" "på" "bland" "annat" "utbildning" "."


Input: "I" "3.1" "och" "3.2" "§" "definieras" "direkt" "och" "indirekt" "diskriminering" "som" "är" "förbjuden" "enligt" "den" "lagen" "."


Input: "De" "faktiska" "omständigheterna" "," "förfarandet" "och" "tolkningsfrågorna"


Input: "Maniero" "är" "italiensk" "medborgare" "född" "och" "bosatt" "i" "Tyskland" "."

"B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O"

"I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O"

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O"

"I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "O"

"I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O"

"B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O"


Input: "År" "2013" "avlade" "han" "en" "juristexamen" "vid" "ett" "universitet" "i" "Armenien" "."

"O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O"

"O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O"

"O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O"


Input: "9" "." "Den" "11" "december" "2013" "tog" "H.J" "."

"O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"O" "O" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME"

"O" "O" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "Maniero" "kontakt" "med" "Studienstiftung" "des" "deutschen" "Volkes" "e.V" "."

"I-TIME" "O" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O"

"I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O"

"B-TIME" "O" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O"

"B-DATE" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "O"

"I-DATE" "O" "O" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O"

"I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O"

"I-PERSON" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O"

"B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O"

"B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O"

"B-PERSON" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O"


Input: "(" "tysk" "akademisk" "stipendiestiftelse" "," "nedan" "kallad" "stiftelsen" ")" "," "som" "är" "en" "registrerad" "förening" "som" "delar" "ut" "stipendier" "," "för" "att" "ansöka" "om" "ett" "stipendium" "för" "deltagande" "i" "”" "Bucerius" "Law" "Programme" "”" "som" "avser" "att" "främja" "projekt" "för" "juridisk" "forskning" "och" "studier" "utomlands" "." "(" "6" ")"


Input: "10" "." "Stiftelsen" "svarade" "den" "17" "januari" "2014" "och" "uppgav" "att" "sökande" "måste" "ha" "avlagt" "den" "första" "juridiska" "statsexamen" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "Maniero" "genmälde" "att" "den" "”" "femåriga" "examen" "”" "som" "han" "erhållit" "i" "Armenien" "var" "jämförbar" "med" "den" "andra" "juridiska" "statsexamen" "," "eftersom" "den" "ger" "innehavaren" "rätt" "att" "inneha" "juridiskt" "ämbete" "eller" "att" "verka" "som" "advokat" "i" "det" "landet" "."


Input: "Han" "påstod" "att" "stiftelsens" "krav" "kunde" "stå" "i" "strid" "med" "AGG" "såsom" "diskriminering" "på" "grund" "av" "etniskt" "eller" "socialt" "ursprung" "."


Input: "Maniero" "ansökte" "inte" "om" "stipendiet" "."


Input: "I" "påföljande" "skriftväxling" "med" "stiftelsen" "påstod" "han" "att" "det" "var" "stiftelsens" "negativa" "inställning" "som" "avskräckt" "honom" "från" "att" "göra" "det" "."


Input: "Maniero" "väckte" "talan" "vid" "Landgericht" "(" "regional" "domstol" "," "Tyskland" ")" "med" "yrkande" "om" "att" "stiftelsen" "skulle" "förpliktas" "att" "upphöra" "med" "och" "avhålla" "sig" "från" "diskriminering" "på" "grund" "av" "hans" "ålder" "eller" "ursprung" "och" "betala" "honom" "18" "734,60" "euro" "i" "skadestånd" "samt" "ersättning" "för" "resekostnader" "."

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "Denna" "talan" "och" "efterföljande" "överklagande" "avslogs" "."


Input: "Maniero" "överklagade" "sedan" "en" "rättsfråga" "till" "Bundesgerichtshof" "(" "nedan" "kallad" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" ")" "."

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "14" "." "Den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "har" "förklarat" "att" "överklagandet" "endast" "kan" "vinna" "bifall" "om" "utdelning" "av" "stipendier" "omfattas" "av" "begreppet" "utbildning" "i" "2.1.7" "§" "AGG" "," "som" "införlivar" "artikel" "3.1" "g" "i" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "med" "tysk" "rätt" "."


Input: "Om" "så" "är" "fallet" "blir" "nästa" "fråga" "huruvida" "kravet" "på" "att" "ha" "avlagt" "den" "första" "juridiska" "statsexamen" "utgör" "diskriminering" "som" "förbjuds" "i" "3.2" "§" "AGG" "," "som" "införlivar" "artikel" "2.2" "b" "i" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "med" "tysk" "rätt" "."


Input: "Mot" "denna" "bakgrund" "har" "den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "ställt" "följande" "frågor" "till" "EU-domstolen" ":"


Input: "”" "1" ")" "Omfattas" "en" "registrerad" "förenings" "tillhandahållande" "av" "stipendier" "som" "ska" "främja" "forskning" "eller" "studier" "utomlands" "av" "begreppet" "’" "utbildning" "’" "i" "den" "mening" "som" "avses" "i" "artikel" "3.1" "g" "i" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "/" "EG" "?"


Input: "2" ")" "Om" "den" "första" "frågan" "ska" "besvaras" "jakande" ":"


Input: "Utgör" "villkoret" "att" "sökanden" "ska" "ha" "avlagt" "första" "juridisk" "statsexamen" "(" "Erstes" "Juristisches" "Staatsexamen" ")" "i" "Tyskland" "för" "att" "komma" "i" "fråga" "för" "de" "stipendier" "som" "nämns" "i" "den" "första" "tolkningsfrågan" "indirekt" "diskriminering" "i" "den" "mening" "som" "avses" "i" "artikel" "2.2" "b" "i" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "/" "EG" "," "om" "en" "sökande" "som" "är" "EU-medborgare" "visserligen" "har" "avlagt" "en" "jämförbar" "examen" "i" "ett" "land" "som" "inte" "hör" "till" "Europeiska" "unionen" "och" "valet" "av" "denna" "studieort" "inte" "har" "samband" "med" "sökandens" "etniska" "ursprung" "," "men" "hade" "kunnat" "avlägga" "en" "första" "juridisk" "statsexamen" "efter" "juridikstudier" "i" "Tyskland" "precis" "som" "en" "infödd" "," "eftersom" "han" "är" "bosatt" "i" "Tyskland" "och" "talar" "tyska" "flytande" "?"


Input: "Gör" "det" "någon" "skillnad" "att" "stipendieprogrammet" "syftar" "till" "att" "," "utan" "diskriminering" "," "ge" "personer" "som" "har" "avlagt" "juridisk" "examen" "i" "Tyskland" "kunskap" "om" "utländska" "rättssystem" "," "utlandserfarenhet" "och" "språkkunskaper" "genom" "att" "främja" "forskning" "och" "studier" "utomlands" "?" "”"


Input: "15" "." "Skriftliga" "yttranden" "har" "getts" "in" "av" "stiftelsen" "," "den" "tyska" "regeringen" "och" "Europeiska" "kommissionen" "."


Input: "Maniero" "," "stiftelsen" "," "den" "tyska" "regeringen" "och" "kommissionen" "yttrade" "sig" "muntligen" "vid" "förhandlingen" "den" "30" "maj" "2018" "."

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O"

"B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O"

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O"

"I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O"

"I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O"

"B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O"

"I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O"


Input: "16" "." "På" "domstolens" "begäran" "begränsar" "jag" "detta" "förslag" "till" "att" "avse" "den" "första" "frågan" "."


Input: "Bedömning"


Input: "17" "." "Den" "hänskjutande" "domstolen" "söker" "klarhet" "i" "huruvida" "en" "registrerad" "förenings" "utdelning" "av" "stipendier" "avsedda" "att" "främja" "projekt" "avseende" "forskning" "och" "studier" "utomlands" "utgör" "”" "utbildning" "”" "och" "omfattas" "av" "tillämpningsområdet" "för" "artikel" "3.1" "g" "i" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "."


Input: "Jag" "konstaterar" "inledningsvis" "att" "detta" "mål" "rör" "begreppet" "”" "utbildning" "”" "i" "den" "mening" "som" "avses" "i" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "," "och" "inte" "de" "möjliga" "följderna" "i" "fråga" "om" "erkännande" "av" "examina" "och" "fri" "rörlighet" "för" "personer" "."


Input: "18" "." "Stiftelsen" "och" "den" "tyska" "regeringen" "har" "hävdat" "att" "begreppet" "utbildning" "ska" "tolkas" "så" "," "att" "det" "inte" "innefattar" "utdelning" "av" "stipendier" "."


Input: "De" "grundar" "i" "huvudsak" "sina" "argument" "på" "direktivets" "förarbeten" "och" "systematik" "."


Input: "19" "." "Kommissionen" "har" "å" "andra" "sidan" "hävdat" "att" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "ska" "ges" "en" "vid" "tolkning" "," "och" "H.J" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"


Input: "Maniero" "delar" "denna" "uppfattning" "."

"I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O"
"I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O"
"I-DATE" "O" "O" "O" "O"
"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O"
"B-TIME" "O" "O" "O" "O"
"B-DATE" "O" "O" "O" "O"
"I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O"
"B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O"
"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O"
"B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O"
"I-TIME" "O" "O" "O" "O"
"B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "Utdelning" "av" "stipendier" "ska" "följaktligen" "anses" "utgöra" "”" "utbildning" "”" "enligt" "artikel" "3.1" "g" "."


Input: "20" "." "Enligt" "domstolens" "fasta" "praxis" "följer" "det" "såväl" "av" "kravet" "på" "en" "enhetlig" "tillämpning" "av" "unionsrätten" "som" "av" "likhetsprincipen" "," "att" "ordalydelsen" "i" "en" "unionsbestämmelse" "som" "inte" "innehåller" "någon" "uttrycklig" "hänvisning" "till" "medlemsstaternas" "rättsordningar" "för" "fastställandet" "av" "bestämmelsens" "innebörd" "och" "tillämpningsområde" "," "i" "regel" "ska" "ges" "en" "självständig" "och" "enhetlig" "tolkning" "inom" "hela" "unionen" "."


Input: "Samtidigt" "som" "ordalydelsen" "i" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "inte" "ger" "någon" "särskild" "vägledning" "beträffande" "hur" "termen" "”" "utbildning" "”" "ska" "förstås" "," "innehåller" "den" "inte" "någon" "hänvisning" "till" "nationell" "rätt" "rörande" "innebörden" "av" "denna" "term" "."


Input: "Härav" "följer" "att" "”" "utbildning" "”" "vid" "tillämpningen" "av" "direktivet" "ska" "anses" "utgöra" "ett" "självständigt" "unionsrättsligt" "begrepp" "som" "ska" "tolkas" "enhetligt" "i" "samtliga" "medlemsstater" "." "(" "7" ")"


Input: "21" "." "Som" "domstolen" "konsekvent" "har" "förklarat" "ska" "betydelsen" "och" "räckvidden" "av" "en" "term" "för" "vilken" "unionsrätten" "inte" "ger" "någon" "definition" "fastställas" "i" "överensstämmelse" "med" "dess" "normala" "betydelse" "i" "vanligt" "språkbruk" "," "med" "beaktande" "av" "det" "sammanhang" "i" "vilket" "den" "används" "och" "de" "mål" "som" "eftersträvas" "med" "de" "föreskrifter" "som" "den" "ingår" "i" "." "(" "8" ")"


Input: "22" "." "Utbildning" "uppfattas" "vanligen" "som" "en" "”" "handling" "eller" "process" "för" "förvärv" "av" "kunskaper" "," "särskilt" "systematiskt" "under" "barndomen" "och" "uppväxten" "”" "." "(" "9" ")" "Det" "råder" "ingen" "brist" "på" "belysande" "definitioner" "av" "”" "utbildning" "”" "." "(" "10" ")" "International" "Standard" "Classification" "of" "Education" "(" "2011" ")" "anger" "således" "”" "processer" "enligt" "vilka" "samhällen" "medvetet" "överför" "sin" "samlade" "information" "," "kunskaper" "," "förståelse" "," "inställningar" "," "värderingar" "," "färdigheter" "," "kompetenser" "och" "beteenden" "mellan" "generationer" "."


Input: "Den" "innefattar" "kommunikation" "som" "är" "utformad" "för" "att" "ge" "upphov" "till" "inlärning" "”" "." "(" "11" ")" "Härav" "följer" "att" "utbildning" "är" "en" "intellektuell" "process" "."


Input: "Utbildning" "har" "således" "två" "aspekter" "," "den" "ena" "är" "konkret" "(" "den" "är" "”" "intellektuell" "”" ")" "," "och" "den" "andra" "är" "funktionell" "(" "den" "är" "en" "”" "process" "”" ")" "."


Input: "Vanligen" "," "men" "inte" "alltid" "," "sker" "utbildning" "vid" "en" "skola" "eller" "ett" "universitet" "."


Input: "Jag" "inkluderar" "forskning" "i" "begreppet" "utbildning" "när" "den" "sker" "vid" "en" "institution" "för" "utbildning" "," "då" "syftet" "med" "sådan" "forskning" "är" "att" "förvärva" "och" "överföra" "kunskaper" "snarare" "än" "att" "tjäna" "kommersiella" "mål" "."


Input: "Även" "om" "man" "i" "första" "hand" "har" "unga" "personer" "i" "åtanke" "när" "det" "gäller" "utbildning" "är" "det" "viktigt" "att" "understryka" "att" "utbildning" "rör" "alla" "åldrar" "."


Input: "I" "dag" "spelar" "livslångt" "lärande" "en" "viktig" "roll" "i" "den" "individuella" "yrkesmässiga" "och" "personliga" "utvecklingen" "." "(" "12" ")" "Således" "finns" "också" "initiativ" "som" "”" "université" "du" "troisième" "age" "”" "," "som" "gör" "det" "möjligt" "för" "personer" "som" "dragit" "sig" "tillbaka" "från" "aktivt" "ekonomiskt" "liv" "att" "vidga" "sina" "kunskaper" "."


Input: "23" "." "Det" "är" "inte" "uppenbart" "att" "den" "normala" "betydelsen" "av" "ordet" "”" "utbildning" "”" "," "som" "jag" "konstaterar" "är" "mycket" "vid" "," "nödvändigtvis" "innefattar" "utdelning" "av" "stipendier" "."


Input: "24" "." "Jag" "övergår" "därför" "till" "det" "sammanhang" "och" "de" "mål" "som" "eftersträvas" "med" "de" "föreskrifter" "som" "denna" "term" "ingår" "i" "."


Input: "25" "." "Syftet" "med" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "är" "att" "fastställa" "en" "ram" "för" "bekämpning" "av" "diskriminering" "på" "grund" "av" "ras" "eller" "etniskt" "ursprung" "för" "att" "genomföra" "principen" "om" "likabehandling" "i" "medlemsstaterna" "." "(" "13" ")" "Inom" "ramen" "för" "dess" "materiella" "tillämpningsområde" "utgör" "direktivet" "ett" "konkret" "uttryck" "för" "principen" "om" "icke-diskriminering" "på" "grund" "av" "ras" "eller" "etniskt" "ursprung" "," "vilken" "fastställs" "i" "artikel" "21" "i" "stadgan" "." "(" "14" ")" "Skälen" "i" "direktivet" "beskriver" "skydd" "mot" "diskriminering" "som" "en" "grundläggande" "rättighet" "och" "hänvisar" "således" "till" "olika" "internationella" "avtal" "som" "erkänner" "den" "rättigheten" "." "(" "15" ")"


Input: "26" "." "Dessutom" "sökte" "unionslagstiftaren" "," "i" "skälen" "9" "," "12" "och" "13" "," "klarlägga" "att" "i" ")" "diskriminering" "på" "grund" "av" "ras" "eller" "etniskt" "ursprung" "kan" "undergräva" "förverkligandet" "av" "målen" "i" "EG-fördraget" "," "särskilt" "förverkligandet" "av" "en" "hög" "sysselsättningsnivå" "och" "en" "hög" "nivå" "på" "det" "sociala" "skyddet" "," "en" "höjning" "av" "levnadsstandarden" "och" "livskvaliteten" "samt" "ekonomisk" "och" "social" "sammanhållning" "och" "solidaritet" "," "och" "att" "sådan" "diskriminering" "även" "kan" "undergräva" "strävan" "att" "utveckla" "Europeiska" "unionen" "som" "ett" "område" "med" "frihet" "," "säkerhet" "och" "rättvisa" "," "och" "att" "ii" ")" "förbudet" "mot" "all" "diskriminering" "av" "detta" "slag" "i" "synnerhet" "är" "att" "säkerställa" "utvecklingen" "av" "demokratiska" "och" "toleranta" "samhällen" "där" "alla" "kan" "vara" "delaktiga" "," "oavsett" "ras" "eller" "etniskt" "ursprung" "." "(" "16" ")"


Input: "27" "." "Direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "har" "ett" "brett" "tillämpningsområde" "."


Input: "Tillämpningsområdet" "med" "avseende" "på" "person" "(" "ratione" "personae" ")" "omfattar" "alla" "fysiska" "personer" "och" "skyddar" "dem" "mot" "diskriminering" "på" "grund" "av" "ras" "eller" "etniskt" "ursprung" "." "(" "17" ")" "Detta" "skydd" "är" "tillämpligt" "på" "både" "den" "offentliga" "och" "den" "privata" "sektorn" "," "inklusive" "offentliga" "organ" "." "(" "18" ")" "Det" "materiella" "tillämpningsområdet" "(" "ratione" "materiae" ")" "går" "utöver" "tillträde" "till" "förvärvsarbete" "och" "verksamhet" "som" "egenföretagare" "och" "omfattar" "samtliga" "områden" "som" "uttömmande" "förtecknas" "i" "artikel" "3.1" "." "(" "19" ")"


Input: "28" "." "Domstolen" "har" "konsekvent" "slagit" "fast" "att" "med" "beaktande" "av" "dess" "syfte" "och" "arten" "av" "de" "rättigheter" "som" "det" "är" "avsett" "att" "skydda" "," "kan" "tillämpningsområdet" "för" "direktiv" "2000" "/" "43" "inte" "definieras" "restriktivt" "." "(" "20" ")" "Denna" "slutsats" "är" "tillämplig" "på" "de" "termer" "i" "direktivet" "som" "definierar" "dess" "materiella" "tillämpningsområde" "," "såsom" "anställning" "," "yrkesvägledning" "och" "yrkesutbildning" "," "anställningsvillkor" "," "socialt" "skydd" "och" "sociala" "förmåner" "och" "," "naturligtvis" "," "utbildning" "." "(" "21" ")"


Input: "29" "." "Omfattar" "denna" "breda" "tolkning" "av" "termen" "”" "utbildning" "”" "även" "utdelning" "av" "stipendier" "?"


Input: "30" "." "Utdelning" "av" "stipendier" "motsvarar" "inte" "som" "sådan" "den" "intellektuella" "process" "som" "utgör" "utbildning" "."


Input: "Den" "rör" "tillgång" "till" "utbildning" "."


Input: "31" "." "Jag" "anser" "emellertid" "att" "tillgång" "till" "utbildning" "utgör" "en" "väsentlig" "beståndsdel" "av" "själva" "utbildningen" "," "särskilt" "när" "det" "gäller" "en" "rättsakt" "som" "bekämpar" "diskriminering" "."


Input: "32" "." "Om" "tillgång" "till" "utbildning" "skulle" "utelämnas" "," "vad" "återstår" "då" "av" "begreppet" "”" "utbildning" "”" "när" "det" "gäller" "bekämpning" "av" "diskriminering" "?"


Input: "I" "ett" "klassrum" "(" "för" "att" "ta" "ett" "mycket" "klassiskt" "exempel" "på" "utbildning" ")" "kan" "alla" "sitta" "längst" "fram" "och" "alla" "kan" "ställa" "frågor" "."


Input: "Nuförtiden" "skulle" "det" "vara" "otänkbart" "att" "en" "viss" "etnisk" "grupp" "måste" "sitta" "längst" "bak" "och" "inte" "få" "ställa" "frågor" "till" "läraren" "."


Input: "Det" "är" "lika" "självklart" "att" "alla" "elever" "ska" "betygsättas" "enligt" "samma" "kriterier" "," "efter" "deras" "prestationer" "och" "inte" "på" "grund" "av" "deras" "ras" "eller" "etniska" "ursprung" "och" "att" "alla" "elever" "ska" "erhålla" "samma" "examen" "efter" "att" "framgångsrikt" "ha" "tagit" "del" "av" "samma" "undervisning" "." "(" "22" ")" "Men" "möjligheten" "att" "bli" "antagen" "till" "alla" "skolor" "och" "all" "undervisning" "på" "samma" "villkor" "motsvarar" "tillgång" "till" "utbildning" "."


Input: "Utan" "denna" "tillgång" "kan" "det" "inte" "föreligga" "någon" "utbildning" "."


Input: "För" "att" "vara" "tydlig" "inbegriper" "ordet" "”" "utbildning" "”" "med" "nödvändighet" "även" "”" "tillgång" "till" "”" "utbildning" "."


Input: "De" "hör" "ihop" "och" "beror" "av" "varandra" "och" "att" "skilja" "dem" "åt" "skulle" "beröva" "direktivet" "dess" "syfte" "att" "bekämpa" "diskriminering" "i" "samband" "med" "utbildning" "."


Input: "33" "." "Tillgång" "till" "utbildning" "består" "naturligtvis" "av" "många" "komponenter" "."


Input: "Det" "kan" "vara" "fysisk" "tillgång" "till" "en" "byggnad" "," "införandet" "av" "en" "ordning" "för" "begränsad" "antagning" "för" "att" "kontrollera" "studentantalet" "," "möjligheten" "att" "låna" "eller" "köpa" "böcker" "," "möjligheten" "att" "betala" "för" "levnadsomkostnader" "(" "bland" "många" "andra" ")" "."


Input: "Således" "utdelar" "skolor" "," "universitet" "och" "andra" "institutioner" "ofta" "stipendier" "för" "att" "täcka" "avgifterna" "för" "utbildningsprogram" "," "resekostnader" "förenade" "med" "studier" "utomlands" "eller" "kostnader" "för" "uppehället" "(" "antingen" "i" "pengar" "eller" "in" "natura" "såsom" "tillhandahållande" "av" "kostnadsfria" "bostäder" "eller" "måltider" ")" "."


Input: "34" "." "Finansiering" "är" "en" "väsentlig" "aspekt" "av" "tillgång" "till" "utbildning" "."


Input: "Uteslutande" "av" "en" "viss" "etnisk" "grupp" "från" "denna" "finansiering" "innebär" "," "särskilt" "i" "fall" "av" "utbildningsprogram" "med" "mycket" "höga" "avgifter" "," "ett" "uteslutande" "av" "denna" "grupp" "från" "utbildningen" "."


Input: "Detta" "bevarar" "eventuell" "pågående" "diskriminering" "av" "gruppen" "i" "fråga" "."


Input: "Som" "kommissionen" "anförde" "i" "sitt" "förslag" "till" "direktivet" "är" "en" "utbildning" "av" "god" "kvalitet" "en" "förutsättning" "för" "en" "framgångsrik" "integrering" "i" "samhället" "och" "därför" "måste" "det" "läggas" "vikt" "vid" "likabehandling" "i" "urvalsförfaranden" "(" "det" "vill" "säga" "tillgång" "till" "utbildning" ")" "." "(" "23" ")" "En" "teleologisk" "tolkning" "av" "”" "utbildning" "”" "talar" "tydligt" "till" "förmån" "för" "att" "låta" "frågan" "om" "tillgång" "till" "utbildning" "omfattas" "av" "direktivet" "."


Input: "35" "." "En" "analys" "av" "termen" "”" "utbildning" "”" "i" "ett" "mer" "allmänt" "unionsrättsligt" "sammanhang" "pekar" "på" "samma" "slutsats" "."