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Input: "Cela" "s" "’" "explique" "parce" "que" "les" "parties" "peuvent" "être" "légalement" "représentées" "mais" "que" "les" "«" "adjudication" "officers" "»" "(" "agents" "d" "’" "arbitrage" ")" "n" "’" "ont" "que" "des" "pouvoirs" "limités" "pour" "ordonner" "la" "présence" "de" "témoins" "et" "que" "la" "production" "de" "documents" "et" "d" "’" "éléments" "de" "preuve" "ne" "se" "fait" "pas" "sous" "serment" "."


Input: "Plus" "important" "encore" "," "en" "raison" "des" "pouvoirs" "de" "décision" "limités" "que" "la" "loi" "confère" "à" "la" "CRP" "," "un" "«" "adjudication" "officer" "»" "(" "agent" "d" "’" "arbitrage" ")" "ne" "peut" "pas" "s" "’" "adresser" "à" "une" "partie" "qui" "n" "’" "est" "pas" "citée" "dans" "la" "procédure" "." "37" "Voir" "," "entre" "autres" "," "arrêts" "du" "14" "décembre" "1995" "," "Peterbroeck" "(" "C" "‑" "312" "/" "93" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1995" ":" "437" "point" "14" ")" ";" "du" "13" "mars" "2007" "," "Unibet" "(" "C" "‑" "432" "/" "05" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2007" ":" "163" "," "point" "54" ")" "," "et" "du" "8" "septembre" "2011" "," "Rosado" "Santana" "(" "C" "‑" "177" "/" "10" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2011" ":" "557" "," "point" "92" "et" "jurisprudence" "citée" ")" "." "38" "Décision" "du" "15" "juin" "2017" "," "points" "7.2" "à" "7.16" "." "39" "Arrêt" "du" "15" "avril" "2008" "," "Impact" "(" "C" "‑" "268" "/" "06" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2008" ":" "223" "," "point" "51" ")" "." "40" "Directive" "1999" "/" "70" "/" "CE" "du" "Conseil" "," "du" "28" "juin" "1999" "," "concernant" "l" "’" "accord-cadre" "CES" "," "UNICE" "et" "CEEP" "sur" "le" "travail" "à" "durée" "déterminée" "(" "JO" "1999" "," "L" "175" "," "p" "." "43" ")" "." "41" "Arrêt" "du" "15" "avril" "2008" "," "Impact" "(" "C" "‑" "268" "/" "06" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2008" ":" "223" "," "point" "50" ")" "." "42" "Conclusions" "de" "l" "’" "avocat" "général" "Kokott" "dans" "l" "’" "affaire" "Impact" "(" "C" "‑" "268" "/" "06" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2008" ":" "2" "," "point" "58" ")" "." "43" "Arrêt" "du" "15" "avril" "2008" "," "Impact" "(" "C" "‑" "268" "/" "06" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2008" ":" "223" "," "point" "51" ")" "." "44" "Voir" "," "à" "cet" "égard" "," "arrêt" "du" "12" "février" "2015" "," "Baczó" "et" "Vizsnyiczai" "(" "C" "‑" "567" "/" "13" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "88" "," "points" "51" "et" "52" "ainsi" "que" "jurisprudence" "citée" ")" "."

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Input: "CONCLUSIONS" "DE" "L" "’" "AVOCAT" "GÉNÉRAL"

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Input: "MME" "ELEANOR" "SHARPSTON"


Input: "présentées" "le" "11" "septembre" "2018" "(" "1" ")"

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Input: "Affaire" "C" "‑" "457" "/" "17"


Input: "Heiko" "Jonny" "Maniero"


Input: "contre"


Input: "Studienstiftung" "des" "deutschen" "Volkes" "eV"

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Input: "«" "Directive" "2000" "/" "43" "/" "CE" "–" "Égalité" "de" "traitement" "des" "personnes" "sans" "distinction" "de" "race" "ou" "d" "’" "origine" "ethnique" "–" "Article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "g" ")" "–" "Enseignement" "–" "Bourses" "attribuées" "aux" "étudiants" "ayant" "réussi" "le" "premier" "examen" "d" "’" "État" "en" "droit" "»"


Input: "1" "." "«" "On" "ne" "saurait" "donc" "nier" "que" "l" "’" "éducation" "des" "enfants" "ne" "doive" "être" "un" "des" "objets" "principaux" "des" "soins" "du" "législateur" "."


Input: "Mais" "il" "est" "essentiel" "de" "connaître" "ce" "que" "doit" "être" "précisément" "cette" "éducation" "»" "(" "2" ")" "."


Input: "2" "." "Le" "législateur" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "européenne" "a" "en" "effet" "légiféré" "en" "la" "matière" "en" "reconnaissant" "notamment" "un" "droit" "fondamental" "dans" "le" "droit" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "(" "3" ")" "."


Input: "Il" "n" "’" "a" "cependant" "pas" "défini" "la" "notion" "d" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "."


Input: "Dans" "la" "présente" "demande" "de" "décision" "préjudicielle" "," "la" "Cour" "est" "appelée" "à" "répondre" "à" "cette" "ancienne" "question" "," "à" "présent" "posée" "dans" "le" "contexte" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "," "et" "plus" "précisément" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "/" "CE" "(" "4" ")" "."


Input: "En" "quoi" "consiste" "l" "’" "éducation" "?"


Input: "Le" "cadre" "juridique"


Input: "La" "directive" "2000" "/" "43"


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Input: "Le" "droit" "allemand"


Input: "6" "." "La" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "a" "été" "transposée" "en" "droit" "allemand" "par" "l" "’" "Allgemeines" "Gleichbehandlungsgesetz" "(" "loi" "générale" "sur" "l" "’" "égalité" "de" "traitement" "," "ci-après" "l" "’" "«" "AGG" "»" ")" "."


Input: "7" "." "L" "’" "article" "1er" "de" "l" "’" "AGG" "interdit" "toute" "discrimination" "fondée" "notamment" "sur" "la" "race" "ou" "l" "’" "origine" "ethnique" "."


Input: "L" "’" "article" "2" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "point" "7" "," "de" "l" "’" "AGG" "qui" "transpose" "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "g" ")" "," "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "définit" "le" "champ" "d" "’" "application" "de" "l" "’" "interdiction" "en" "y" "incluant" "les" "discriminations" "en" "ce" "qui" "concerne" "," "notamment" "," "l" "’" "éducation" "."


Input: "L" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphes" "1" "et" "2" "," "de" "l" "’" "AGG" "définit" "la" "discrimination" "directe" "et" "indirecte" "interdite" "par" "cette" "loi" "."


Input: "Les" "faits" "," "la" "procédure" "et" "les" "questions" "préjudicielles"


Input: "8" "." "M" "." "Heiko" "Jonny" "Maniero" "est" "un" "ressortissant" "italien" "qui" "est" "né" "en" "Allemagne" "et" "y" "réside" "."

"O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O"

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Input: "En" "2013" "," "il" "a" "obtenu" "le" "titre" "universitaire" "de" "«" "Bachelor" "of" "Laws" "»" "dans" "une" "université" "d" "’" "Arménie" "."

"O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O"

"O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O"


Input: "9" "." "Le" "11" "décembre" "2013" "," "M" "." "Maniero" "s" "’" "est" "adressé" "au" "Studienstiftung" "des" "deutschen" "Volkes" "eV" "(" "Fondation" "du" "peuple" "allemand" ";" "ci-après" "la" "«" "Fondation" "»" ")" "pour" "solliciter" "une" "bourse" "dans" "le" "cadre" "du" "programme" "«" "Bucerius-Jura" "»" "qui" "avait" "pour" "objet" "d" "’" "encourager" "des" "projets" "de" "recherche" "ou" "d" "’" "études" "juridiques" "à" "l" "’" "étranger" "(" "6" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

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"O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "10" "." "La" "Fondation" "a" "répondu" "le" "17" "janvier" "2014" "en" "précisant" "que" "les" "candidats" "devaient" "avoir" "obtenu" "le" "premier" "examen" "d" "’" "État" "en" "droit" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "M" "." "Maniero" "a" "rétorqué" "que" "le" "«" "diplôme" "en" "cinq" "ans" "»" "qu" "’" "il" "avait" "obtenu" "en" "Arménie" "était" "comparable" "au" "deuxième" "examen" "d" "’" "État" "en" "droit" "puisqu" "’" "il" "habilite" "son" "titulaire" "à" "y" "exercer" "la" "fonction" "de" "juge" "ou" "la" "profession" "d" "’" "avocat" "."

"B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O"

"I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O"


Input: "Il" "a" "observé" "que" "la" "condition" "requise" "par" "la" "Fondation" "pourrait" "enfreindre" "l" "’" "AGG" "en" "tant" "que" "discrimination" "fondée" "sur" "l" "’" "origine" "ethnique" "ou" "sociale" "."


Input: "11" "." "M" "." "Maniero" "n" "’" "a" "pas" "sollicité" "de" "bourse" "."

"O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "Dans" "une" "correspondance" "ultérieure" "avec" "la" "Fondation" "," "il" "a" "prétendu" "que" "l" "’" "attitude" "négative" "de" "la" "Fondation" "l" "’" "aurait" "dissuadé" "de" "présenter" "sa" "candidature" "."


Input: "12" "." "M" "." "Maniero" "a" "saisi" "le" "Landgericht" "(" "tribunal" "régional" "," "Allemagne" ")" "d" "’" "une" "action" "contre" "la" "Fondation" "en" "cessation" "de" "toute" "discrimination" "en" "raison" "de" "son" "âge" "ou" "de" "son" "origine" "assortie" "d" "’" "une" "condamnation" "à" "lui" "verser" "18" "734,60" "euros" "à" "titre" "d" "’" "indemnité" "et" "de" "remboursement" "de" "frais" "de" "déplacement" "."

"O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "Cette" "action" "ainsi" "que" "l" "’" "appel" "qui" "a" "suivi" "ont" "été" "rejetés" "."


Input: "13" "." "M" "." "Maniero" "a" "alors" "introduit" "un" "pourvoi" "devant" "le" "Bundesgerichtshof" "(" "Cour" "fédérale" "de" "justice" "," "Allemagne" ")" "," "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "."

"O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "14" "." "Cette" "dernière" "observe" "que" "le" "pourvoi" "ne" "peut" "aboutir" "que" "si" "l" "’" "attribution" "de" "bourses" "relève" "de" "la" "notion" "d" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "visée" "à" "l" "’" "article" "2" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "point" "7" "," "de" "l" "’" "AGG" "transposant" "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "g" ")" "," "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "."


Input: "Si" "tel" "est" "le" "cas" "," "la" "question" "qui" "se" "pose" "alors" "est" "de" "savoir" "si" "la" "réussite" "requise" "du" "premier" "examen" "d" "’" "État" "en" "droit" "constitue" "ou" "non" "une" "discrimination" "indirecte" "interdite" "par" "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "2" "," "de" "l" "’" "AGG" "," "transposant" "l" "’" "article" "2" "," "paragraphe" "2" "," "sous" "b" ")" "," "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "."


Input: "C" "’" "est" "dans" "ce" "contexte" "que" "le" "Bundesgerichtshof" "(" "Cour" "fédérale" "de" "justice" ")" "pose" "à" "la" "Cour" "la" "question" "suivante" ":"


Input: "«" "1" ")" "L" "’" "attribution" "par" "une" "association" "enregistrée" "de" "bourses" "destinées" "à" "soutenir" "des" "projets" "de" "recherche" "ou" "d" "’" "études" "à" "l" "’" "étranger" "relève-t-elle" "de" "la" "notion" "d" "’" "“" "éducation" "”" "au" "sens" "de" "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "g" ")" "," "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "/" "CE" "?"


Input: "2" ")" "Dans" "l" "’" "hypothèse" "où" "il" "conviendrait" "de" "répondre" "par" "l" "’" "affirmative" "à" "la" "première" "question" ":"


Input: "Dans" "le" "cadre" "de" "l" "’" "attribution" "des" "bourses" "évoquées" "dans" "la" "première" "question" "préjudicielle" "," "la" "condition" "de" "participation" "tenant" "au" "premier" "examen" "d" "’" "État" "en" "droit" "obtenu" "en" "Allemagne" "constitue-t-elle" "une" "discrimination" "indirecte" "d" "’" "un" "candidat" "au" "sens" "de" "l" "’" "article" "2" "," "paragraphe" "2" "," "sous" "b" ")" "," "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "/" "CE" "lorsque" "le" "candidat" "qui" "est" "un" "citoyen" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "a" "," "certes" "," "obtenu" "un" "diplôme" "comparable" "dans" "un" "État" "ne" "faisant" "pas" "partie" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "européenne" "," "sans" "que" "le" "choix" "de" "ce" "lieu" "de" "diplôme" "ait" "de" "rapport" "avec" "l" "’" "origine" "ethnique" "du" "candidat" "," "mais" "que" "celui-ci" "avait" "," "en" "raison" "de" "son" "domicile" "en" "Allemagne" "et" "de" "sa" "maîtrise" "courante" "de" "la" "langue" "allemande" "," "tout" "comme" "un" "national" "," "la" "possibilité" "de" "passer" "," "après" "des" "études" "de" "droit" "en" "Allemagne" "," "le" "premier" "examen" "d" "’" "État" "en" "droit" "?"


Input: "À" "cet" "égard" "," "cela" "fait-il" "une" "différence" "que" "ce" "programme" "de" "bourses" "," "sans" "se" "rattacher" "à" "des" "critères" "discriminatoires" "," "poursuit" "l" "’" "objectif" "d" "’" "aider" "," "en" "soutenant" "un" "projet" "de" "recherche" "ou" "d" "’" "études" "à" "l" "’" "étranger" "," "les" "diplômés" "ayant" "suivi" "des" "études" "de" "droit" "en" "Allemagne" "à" "acquérir" "la" "connaissance" "de" "systèmes" "juridiques" "étrangers" "," "une" "expérience" "à" "l" "’" "étranger" "et" "des" "connaissances" "linguistiques" "?" "»"


Input: "15" "." "La" "Fondation" "," "le" "gouvernement" "allemand" "et" "la" "Commission" "européenne" "ont" "déposé" "des" "observations" "écrites" "."


Input: "M" "." "Maniero" "," "la" "Fondation" "," "le" "gouvernement" "allemand" "et" "la" "Commission" "ont" "présenté" "des" "observations" "orales" "à" "l" "’" "audience" "du" "30" "mai" "2018" "."

"I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O"

"B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O"

"I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O"

"B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O"

"I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O"

"B-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O"


Input: "16" "." "Comme" "la" "Cour" "me" "l" "’" "a" "demandé" "," "je" "me" "limiterai" "," "dans" "les" "présentes" "conclusions" "," "à" "examiner" "la" "première" "question" "."


Input: "Appréciation"


Input: "17" "." "La" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "demande" "si" "l" "’" "attribution" "par" "une" "association" "enregistrée" "de" "bourses" "destinées" "à" "soutenir" "des" "projets" "de" "recherche" "ou" "d" "’" "études" "à" "l" "’" "étranger" "relève" "de" "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "g" ")" "," "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "de" "par" "son" "lien" "avec" "l" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "."


Input: "Je" "souligne" "d" "’" "emblée" "que" "cette" "affaire" "concerne" "la" "notion" "d" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "dans" "le" "contexte" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "et" "non" "pas" "dans" "celui" "des" "incidences" "éventuelles" "sur" "la" "reconnaissance" "de" "diplômes" "ou" "sur" "la" "libre" "circulation" "des" "personnes" "."


Input: "18" "." "La" "Fondation" "et" "le" "gouvernement" "allemand" "avancent" "que" "la" "notion" "d" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "doit" "être" "interprétée" "en" "ce" "sens" "qu" "’" "elle" "ne" "couvre" "pas" "l" "’" "attribution" "de" "bourses" "."


Input: "Ils" "fondent" "leur" "argumentation" "essentiellement" "sur" "la" "genèse" "et" "l" "’" "économie" "de" "la" "directive" "."


Input: "19" "." "La" "Commission" "d" "’" "autre" "part" "soutient" "que" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "appelle" "une" "interprétation" "extensive" "ce" "en" "quoi" "M" "." "Maniero" "est" "d" "’" "accord" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "Dès" "lors" "," "l" "’" "attribution" "de" "bourses" "doit" "être" "incluse" "dans" "l" "’" "acception" "du" "mot" "«" "éducation" "»" "figurant" "à" "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "g" ")" "de" "cette" "directive" "."


Input: "20" "." "Selon" "une" "jurisprudence" "bien" "établie" "," "il" "découle" "des" "exigences" "tant" "de" "l" "’" "application" "uniforme" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "que" "du" "principe" "d" "’" "égalité" "que" "les" "termes" "d" "’" "une" "disposition" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "qui" "ne" "comporte" "aucun" "renvoi" "exprès" "au" "droit" "des" "États" "membres" "pour" "déterminer" "leur" "sens" "et" "leur" "portée" "doivent" "normalement" "trouver" "," "dans" "toute" "l" "’" "Union" "," "une" "interprétation" "autonome" "et" "uniforme" "."


Input: "À" "cet" "égard" "," "si" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "ne" "donne" "aucune" "indication" "spécifique" "sur" "le" "sens" "à" "donner" "au" "terme" "«" "éducation" "»" "," "elle" "n" "’" "opère" "pas" "non" "plus" "de" "renvoi" "aux" "droits" "nationaux" "en" "ce" "qui" "concerne" "la" "signification" "de" "ce" "terme" "."


Input: "Il" "en" "résulte" "que" "le" "terme" "«" "éducation" "»" "doit" "être" "considéré" "," "aux" "fins" "de" "l" "’" "application" "de" "la" "directive" "," "comme" "une" "notion" "autonome" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "," "qui" "doit" "être" "interprétée" "de" "manière" "uniforme" "sur" "le" "territoire" "de" "l" "’" "ensemble" "des" "États" "membres" "(" "7" ")" "."


Input: "21" "." "Or" "," "selon" "une" "jurisprudence" "constante" "," "la" "signification" "et" "la" "portée" "des" "termes" "pour" "lesquels" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "ne" "fournit" "aucune" "définition" "doivent" "être" "établies" "conformément" "au" "sens" "habituel" "en" "langage" "courant" "de" "ceux-ci" "," "tout" "en" "tenant" "compte" "du" "contexte" "dans" "lequel" "ils" "sont" "utilisés" "et" "des" "objectifs" "de" "la" "réglementation" "dont" "ils" "font" "partie" "(" "8" ")" "."


Input: "22" "." "L" "’" "éducation" "s" "’" "entend" "généralement" "comme" "l" "’" "«" "acte" "ou" "[" "le" "]" "processus" "d" "’" "acquisition" "de" "la" "connaissance" "," "et" "en" "particulier" "de" "manière" "systématique" "au" "cours" "de" "l" "’" "enfance" "et" "de" "l" "’" "adolescence" "»" "(" "9" ")" "."


Input: "Les" "exemples" "de" "définitions" "du" "mot" "«" "éducation" "»" "ne" "manquent" "pas" "(" "10" ")" ";" "ainsi" "," "la" "Classification" "internationale" "type" "de" "l" "’" "éducation" "(" "CITE" "2011" ")" "propose" "la" "définition" "suivante" ":" "«" "Processus" "par" "lesquels" "les" "sociétés" "transmettent" "volontairement" "leurs" "informations" "," "connaissances" "," "compréhensions" "," "attitudes" "," "valeurs" "," "aptitudes" "," "compétences" "et" "comportements" "cumulés" "à" "travers" "les" "générations" "."


Input: "Elle" "implique" "une" "communication" "destinée" "à" "susciter" "l" "’" "apprentissage" "»" "(" "11" ")" "."


Input: "Il" "s" "’" "ensuit" "que" "l" "’" "éducation" "est" "un" "processus" "intellectuel" "."


Input: "L" "’" "éducation" "comporte" "ainsi" "deux" "dimensions" "," "la" "première" "qui" "est" "substantielle" "(" "c" "’" "est-à-dire" "«" "intellectuelle" "»" ")" "et" "l" "’" "autre" "qui" "est" "fonctionnelle" "(" "c" "’" "est-à-dire" "un" "«" "processus" "»" ")" "."


Input: "Habituellement" "," "mais" "pas" "toujours" "," "l" "’" "éducation" "a" "lieu" "dans" "une" "école" "ou" "dans" "une" "université" "."


Input: "J" "’" "y" "inclurais" "la" "recherche" "lorsqu" "’" "elle" "a" "lieu" "dans" "un" "établissement" "de" "formation" "," "dès" "lors" "qu" "’" "elle" "se" "propose" "d" "’" "acquérir" "et" "de" "transmettre" "la" "connaissance" "plutôt" "que" "de" "poursuivre" "des" "objectifs" "commerciaux" "."


Input: "Bien" "que" "l" "’" "on" "songe" "principalement" "à" "des" "jeunes" "lorsqu" "’" "on" "évoque" "l" "’" "éducation" "," "il" "importe" "de" "souligner" "que" "l" "’" "éducation" "concerne" "tous" "les" "âges" "."


Input: "L" "’" "éducation" "et" "la" "formation" "tout" "au" "long" "de" "la" "vie" "jouent" "aujourd" "’" "hui" "un" "rôle" "important" "dans" "l" "’" "évolution" "professionnelle" "et" "personnelle" "des" "particuliers" "(" "12" ")" "."


Input: "On" "trouve" "donc" "également" "des" "initiatives" "telles" "les" "«" "universités" "du" "troisième" "âge" "»" "permettant" "à" "ceux" "qui" "ne" "sont" "plus" "dans" "la" "vie" "économique" "active" "de" "développer" "leurs" "connaissances" "."


Input: "23" "." "Il" "ne" "ressort" "pas" "du" "sens" "usuel" "du" "mot" "«" "éducation" "»" "," "qui" "est" "," "soit" "dit" "en" "passant" "," "très" "large" "," "que" "l" "’" "attribution" "de" "bourses" "en" "relève" "nécessairement" "."


Input: "24" "." "Je" "vais" "dès" "lors" "aborder" "le" "contexte" "et" "les" "objectifs" "des" "règles" "dans" "lesquelles" "ce" "terme" "s" "’" "inscrit" "."


Input: "25" "." "La" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "a" "pour" "objet" "d" "’" "établir" "un" "cadre" "pour" "lutter" "contre" "la" "discrimination" "fondée" "sur" "la" "race" "ou" "l" "’" "origine" "ethnique" "," "en" "vue" "de" "mettre" "en" "œuvre" "," "dans" "les" "États" "membres" "," "le" "principe" "de" "l" "’" "égalité" "de" "traitement" "(" "13" ")" "."


Input: "Elle" "constitue" "l" "’" "expression" "concrète" "," "dans" "le" "domaine" "d" "’" "application" "de" "celle-ci" "," "du" "principe" "de" "non-discrimination" "en" "fonction" "de" "la" "race" "et" "des" "origines" "ethniques" "consacré" "par" "l" "’" "article" "21" "de" "la" "Charte" "(" "14" ")" "."


Input: "Dans" "ses" "considérants" "," "la" "directive" "qualifie" "la" "protection" "contre" "la" "discrimination" "de" "droit" "universel" "et" "vise" "à" "cet" "effet" "différents" "instruments" "internationaux" "reconnaissant" "ce" "droit" "(" "15" ")" "."


Input: "26" "." "De" "surcroît" "," "aux" "considérants" "9" "," "12" "et" "13" "," "le" "législateur" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "a" "voulu" "préciser" "que" ":" "i" ")" "la" "discrimination" "fondée" "sur" "la" "race" "ou" "l" "’" "origine" "ethnique" "peut" "compromettre" "la" "réalisation" "des" "objectifs" "du" "traité" "," "notamment" "un" "niveau" "d" "’" "emploi" "et" "de" "protection" "sociale" "élevé" "," "le" "relèvement" "du" "niveau" "et" "de" "la" "qualité" "de" "vie" "," "la" "cohésion" "économique" "et" "sociale" "et" "la" "solidarité" "et" "peut" "également" "compromettre" "l" "’" "objectif" "de" "développer" "l" "’" "Union" "en" "tant" "qu" "’" "espace" "de" "liberté" "," "de" "sécurité" "et" "de" "justice" ";" "et" "ii" ")" "l" "’" "interdiction" "de" "toute" "discrimination" "de" "cette" "nature" "vise" "," "en" "particulier" "," "à" "assurer" "le" "développement" "de" "sociétés" "démocratiques" "et" "tolérantes" "permettant" "la" "participation" "de" "tous" "les" "individus" "quelle" "que" "soit" "leur" "race" "ou" "leur" "origine" "ethnique" "(" "16" ")" "."


Input: "27" "." "Le" "champ" "d" "’" "application" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "est" "large" "."


Input: "Ratione" "personae" "," "il" "couvre" "toutes" "les" "personnes" "physiques" "et" "les" "protège" "contre" "la" "discrimination" "fondée" "sur" "la" "race" "ou" "l" "’" "origine" "ethnique" "(" "17" ")" "."


Input: "Cette" "protection" "s" "’" "applique" "à" "toutes" "les" "personnes" "," "tant" "pour" "le" "secteur" "public" "que" "pour" "le" "secteur" "privé" "," "y" "compris" "les" "organismes" "publics" "(" "18" ")" "."


Input: "Ratione" "materiae" "," "elle" "va" "au-delà" "de" "l" "’" "accès" "aux" "activités" "salariées" "et" "non" "salariées" "et" "couvre" "tous" "les" "domaines" "énumérés" "exhaustivement" "à" "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "(" "19" ")" "."


Input: "28" "." "Ainsi" "que" "la" "Cour" "l" "’" "a" "déjà" "jugé" "," "eu" "égard" "à" "l" "’" "objet" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "et" "à" "la" "nature" "des" "droits" "qu" "’" "elle" "vise" "à" "protéger" "," "son" "champ" "d" "’" "application" "ne" "peut" "pas" "être" "défini" "de" "manière" "restrictive" "(" "20" ")" "."


Input: "Cette" "conclusion" "vaut" "pour" "les" "termes" "de" "la" "directive" "définissant" "son" "champ" "d" "’" "application" "matériel" "tels" "que" "l" "’" "emploi" "," "l" "’" "orientation" "et" "la" "formation" "professionnelles" "," "les" "conditions" "de" "travail" "," "la" "protection" "sociale" "et" "les" "avantages" "sociaux" "et" "," "bien" "sûr" "," "l" "’" "éducation" "(" "21" ")" "."


Input: "29" "." "Cette" "interprétation" "extensive" "du" "terme" "«" "éducation" "»" "englobe‑t‑elle" "également" "l" "’" "attribution" "de" "bourses" "?"


Input: "30" "." "L" "’" "attribution" "de" "bourses" "ne" "correspond" "pas" "," "en" "tant" "que" "telle" "," "au" "processus" "intellectuel" "qui" "constitue" "l" "’" "éducation" "."


Input: "Elle" "concerne" "l" "’" "accès" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "."


Input: "31" "." "À" "mon" "sens" "," "toutefois" "," "l" "’" "accès" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "est" "une" "composante" "essentielle" "de" "l" "’" "éducation" "elle-même" "," "et" "tout" "spécialement" "dans" "le" "contexte" "d" "’" "un" "instrument" "juridique" "de" "lutte" "contre" "la" "discrimination" "."


Input: "32" "." "Si" "," "en" "effet" "," "dans" "la" "lutte" "contre" "la" "discrimination" "l" "’" "accès" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "était" "écartée" "," "que" "laisserait-on" "dans" "la" "notion" "d" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "?"


Input: "Dans" "une" "classe" "d" "’" "école" "(" "pour" "prendre" "l" "’" "image" "tout" "à" "fait" "classique" "de" "l" "’" "éducation" ")" "," "chacun" "peut" "prendre" "place" "à" "l" "’" "avant" "et" "chacun" "peut" "poser" "des" "questions" "."


Input: "De" "nos" "jours" "," "il" "serait" "absolument" "inimaginable" "qu" "’" "un" "certain" "groupe" "ethnique" "doive" "prendre" "place" "au" "fond" "et" "ne" "soit" "pas" "autorisé" "à" "s" "’" "adresser" "au" "maître" "."


Input: "Il" "est" "tout" "aussi" "évident" "que" "tous" "les" "élèves" "doivent" "être" "notés" "selon" "les" "mêmes" "critères" "en" "fonction" "de" "leurs" "mérites" "et" "non" "de" "leur" "race" "ou" "origine" "ethnique" ";" "et" "tous" "les" "élèves" "doivent" "obtenir" "le" "même" "diplôme" "après" "avoir" "suivi" "avec" "fruit" "les" "mêmes" "classes" "(" "22" ")" "."


Input: "Toutefois" "," "la" "possibilité" "d" "’" "être" "admis" "aux" "mêmes" "conditions" "à" "toutes" "les" "écoles" "et" "à" "toutes" "les" "classes" "correspond" "à" "l" "’" "accès" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "."


Input: "Sans" "cet" "accès" "," "il" "ne" "peut" "y" "avoir" "d" "’" "éducation" "."


Input: "Pour" "être" "clair" "," "le" "mot" "«" "éducation" "»" "implique" "nécessairement" "les" "mots" "«" "accès" "à" "»" "l" "’" "éducation" ";" "ils" "sont" "consubstantiels" "et" "interdépendants" "et" "les" "dissocier" "priverait" "la" "directive" "de" "son" "objectif" "de" "lutter" "contre" "la" "discrimination" "liée" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "."


Input: "33" "." "L" "’" "accès" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "a" "bien" "évidemment" "différentes" "composantes" "."


Input: "Il" "pourrait" "être" "l" "’" "accès" "physique" "à" "un" "bâtiment" ";" "imposer" "un" "régime" "de" "numerus" "clausus" "pour" "maîtriser" "le" "nombre" "d" "’" "étudiants" ";" "la" "capacité" "d" "’" "emprunter" "ou" "d" "’" "acheter" "des" "livres" ";" "la" "capacité" "de" "payer" "les" "frais" "d" "’" "entretien" "(" "parmi" "beaucoup" "d" "’" "autres" ")" "."


Input: "C" "’" "est" "à" "ce" "titre" "que" "les" "écoles" "," "les" "universités" "et" "autres" "établissements" "attribuent" "souvent" "des" "bourses" "pour" "couvrir" "les" "droits" "d" "’" "inscription" "de" "programmes" "de" "formation" "," "les" "frais" "de" "déplacement" "entraînés" "par" "des" "études" "à" "l" "’" "étranger" "ou" "des" "frais" "d" "’" "entretien" "(" "en" "espèces" "ou" "en" "nature" "en" "accordant" "par" "exemple" "la" "gratuité" "du" "logement" "ou" "de" "la" "cantine" ")" "."


Input: "34" "." "Le" "financement" "est" "une" "composante" "essentielle" "de" "l" "’" "accès" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "."


Input: "Exclure" "un" "certain" "groupe" "ethnique" "de" "ces" "moyens" "financiers" "," "en" "particulier" "pour" "les" "programmes" "de" "formation" "dont" "les" "droits" "d" "’" "inscription" "sont" "très" "élevés" "," "c" "’" "est" "exclure" "ce" "groupe" "de" "l" "’" "éducation" "."


Input: "Cela" "pérennise" "toute" "discrimination" "existante" "à" "l" "’" "encontre" "du" "groupe" "en" "question" "."


Input: "Ainsi" "que" "la" "Commission" "l" "’" "a" "énoncé" "dans" "sa" "proposition" "de" "directive" "," "une" "éducation" "de" "haute" "qualité" "constitue" "une" "condition" "préalable" "à" "une" "intégration" "réussie" "dans" "la" "société" "et" "l" "’" "égalité" "de" "traitement" "dans" "les" "procédures" "de" "sélection" "(" "c" "’" "est-à-dire" "dans" "l" "’" "accès" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" ")" "ne" "doit" "pas" "être" "négligée" "(" "23" ")" "."


Input: "Une" "interprétation" "téléologique" "du" "terme" "«" "éducation" "»" "incite" "nettement" "à" "inclure" "des" "composantes" "de" "l" "’" "accès" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "dans" "le" "champ" "d" "’" "application" "de" "la" "directive" "."


Input: "35" "." "Une" "analyse" "du" "terme" "«" "éducation" "»" "dans" "le" "contexte" "plus" "général" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "aboutit" "à" "la" "même" "conclusion" "."


Input: "Le" "droit" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "(" "et" "l" "’" "accès" "à" "la" "formation" "professionnelle" ")" "ainsi" "que" "la" "protection" "contre" "la" "discrimination" "en" "raison" "de" "la" "race" "ou" "de" "l" "’" "origine" "ethnique" "sont" "des" "droits" "fondamentaux" "reconnus" "respectivement" "par" "les" "articles" "14" "et" "21" "de" "la" "Charte" "."


Input: "Quand" "on" "décide" "de" "l" "’" "interprétation" "à" "donner" "au" "terme" "«" "éducation" "»" "dans" "le" "contexte" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "," "il" "importe" "de" "garder" "à" "l" "’" "esprit" "que" "la" "question" "est" "à" "la" "croisée" "de" "deux" "droits" "fondamentaux" "."


Input: "36" "." "La" "Cour" "a" "déjà" "donné" "à" "la" "notion" "d" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "une" "interprétation" "extensive" "dans" "des" "affaires" "concernant" "l" "’" "égalité" "de" "traitement" "," "de" "manière" "à" "inclure" "des" "composantes" "de" "l" "’" "accès" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "."


Input: "C" "’" "est" "ainsi" "que" "dans" "des" "procédures" "engagées" "par" "deux" "étudiants" "allemands" "auxquels" "les" "Pays-Bas" "avaient" "refusé" "d" "’" "attribuer" "une" "bourse" "d" "’" "études" "dans" "les" "mêmes" "conditions" "qu" "’" "aux" "étudiants" "néerlandais" "," "la" "Cour" "a" "indiqué" "que" "le" "principe" "de" "l" "’" "égalité" "de" "traitement" "dans" "l" "’" "admission" "aux" "cours" "d" "’" "enseignement" "général" "des" "enfants" "de" "travailleurs" "migrants" "énoncé" "à" "l" "’" "article" "12" "du" "règlement" "(" "CEE" ")" "no" "1612" "/" "68" "(" "24" ")" "vise" "non" "seulement" "les" "règles" "relatives" "à" "l" "’" "admission" "proprement" "dite" "," "mais" "également" "les" "mesures" "générales" "tendant" "à" "faciliter" "la" "fréquentation" "de" "l" "’" "enseignement" "(" "25" ")" "."


Input: "37" "." "De" "manière" "similaire" "," "en" "interprétant" "l" "’" "article" "7" "du" "traité" "CEE" "(" "devenu" "article" "21" "," "paragraphe" "2" "," "TFUE" ")" "," "la" "Cour" "a" "indiqué" "que" "le" "droit" "à" "l" "’" "égalité" "de" "traitement" "en" "ce" "qui" "concerne" "les" "conditions" "d" "’" "accès" "à" "la" "formation" "professionnelle" "," "vise" "non" "seulement" "les" "exigences" "imposées" "par" "l" "’" "établissement" "de" "formation" "en" "question" "," "tels" "les" "frais" "d" "’" "inscription" "," "mais" "aussi" "toute" "mesure" "susceptible" "d" "’" "empêcher" "l" "’" "exercice" "du" "droit" "," "tel" "le" "droit" "de" "séjourner" "dans" "l" "’" "État" "membre" "où" "se" "déroule" "le" "cours" "(" "26" ")" "."


Input: "38" "." "Dans" "l" "’" "arrêt" "Bidar" "," "la" "Cour" "a" "expliqué" "que" "," "à" "la" "suite" "de" "l" "’" "introduction" "de" "la" "notion" "de" "«" "citoyenneté" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "»" "dans" "le" "traité" "CE" "et" "de" "l" "’" "ajout" "d" "’" "un" "chapitre" "consacré" "notamment" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "et" "à" "la" "formation" "professionnelle" "," "la" "situation" "d" "’" "un" "citoyen" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "qui" "séjourne" "légalement" "dans" "un" "autre" "État" "membre" "relève" "du" "principe" "de" "non‑discrimination" "en" "raison" "de" "la" "nationalité" "aux" "fins" "de" "l" "’" "obtention" "d" "’" "une" "aide" "accordée" "aux" "étudiants" "," "que" "ce" "soit" "sous" "la" "forme" "d" "’" "un" "prêt" "subventionné" "ou" "d" "’" "une" "bourse" "," "et" "visant" "à" "couvrir" "ses" "frais" "d" "’" "entretien" "."


Input: "La" "Cour" "n" "’" "a" "pas" "fait" "de" "distinction" "dans" "cette" "affaire" "entre" "les" "différentes" "composantes" "de" "l" "’" "accès" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "couverte" "par" "le" "financement" "(" "27" ")" "."


Input: "39" "." "De" "surcroît" "," "ainsi" "que" "la" "Commission" "l" "’" "a" "indiqué" "à" "l" "’" "audience" "," "même" "si" "l" "’" "énoncé" "de" "l" "’" "article" "165" "TFUE" "régissant" "la" "compétence" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "en" "matière" "d" "’" "éducation" "ne" "vise" "pas" "expressément" "le" "financement" "des" "études" "," "il" "reste" "que" "cet" "article" "a" "servi" "de" "base" "juridique" "au" "programme" "Erasmus" "+" "qui" "inclut" "," "notamment" "," "le" "financement" "de" "la" "mobilité" "des" "personnes" "physiques" "à" "des" "fins" "de" "formation" "et" "d" "’" "apprentissage" "(" "28" ")" "."


Input: "Cela" "reflète" "," "à" "mon" "sens" "," "l" "’" "importance" "que" "le" "législateur" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "accorde" "à" "l" "’" "accès" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "en" "tant" "que" "composante" "essentielle" "de" "l" "’" "éducation" "."


Input: "40" "." "En" "revanche" "," "je" "ne" "m" "’" "inspirerais" "pas" "de" "l" "’" "article" "11" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "b" ")" "," "de" "la" "directive" "2003" "/" "109" "/" "CE" "(" "29" ")" "pour" "décider" "si" "l" "’" "attribution" "d" "’" "une" "allocation" "ou" "d" "’" "une" "bourse" "relève" "ou" "non" "de" "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "g" ")" "," "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "(" "idée" "qui" "a" "été" "examinée" "à" "l" "’" "audience" ")" "."


Input: "Cette" "disposition" "concerne" "l" "’" "égalité" "de" "traitement" "des" "résidents" "de" "longue" "durée" "avec" "les" "nationaux" "en" "ce" "qui" "concerne" "«" "l" "’" "éducation" "et" "la" "formation" "professionnelle" "," "y" "compris" "les" "allocations" "et" "bourses" "d" "’" "études" "conformément" "à" "la" "législation" "nationale" "»" "."


Input: "La" "référence" "à" "la" "«" "législation" "nationale" "»" "montre" "que" "l" "’" "interprétation" "de" "cette" "disposition" "," "à" "l" "’" "égard" "de" "ce" "qui" "constitue" "une" "«" "allocation" "ou" "une" "bourse" "»" "," "ne" "doit" "pas" "obéir" "aux" "principes" "applicables" "aux" "notions" "autonomes" "de" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "(" "voir" "les" "points" "20" "et" "21" "des" "présentes" "conclusions" ")" "."


Input: "À" "la" "lumière" "de" "ce" "qui" "précède" "," "et" "compte" "tenu" "des" "champs" "d" "’" "application" "personnel" "et" "matériel" "différents" "des" "deux" "directives" "," "je" "ne" "considère" "pas" "qu" "’" "il" "soit" "opportun" "de" "s" "’" "inspirer" "de" "la" "directive" "2003" "/" "109" "pour" "interpréter" "la" "notion" "d" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "dans" "le" "contexte" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "."


Input: "41" "." "Quand" "on" "regarde" "la" "genèse" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "," "on" "s" "’" "aperçoit" "que" "," "dans" "la" "proposition" "de" "la" "Commission" "," "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "g" ")" "," "précisait" "que" "l" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "s" "’" "entendait" "«" "y" "compris" "les" "allocations" "et" "bourses" "d" "’" "études" "," "dans" "le" "plein" "respect" "de" "la" "responsabilité" "des" "États" "membres" "en" "ce" "qui" "concerne" "le" "contenu" "de" "l" "’" "enseignement" "et" "l" "’" "organisation" "des" "systèmes" "d" "’" "éducation" "ainsi" "que" "leur" "diversité" "culturelle" "et" "linguistique" "»" "(" "30" ")" "."


Input: "Ces" "précisions" "ont" "été" "cependant" "omises" "dans" "la" "version" "finale" "de" "la" "directive" "adoptée" "par" "le" "Conseil" "."


Input: "La" "Fondation" "et" "le" "gouvernement" "allemand" "considèrent" "que" "cela" "montre" "que" "le" "législateur" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "a" "délibérément" "choisi" "de" "ne" "pas" "faire" "relever" "les" "allocations" "et" "les" "bourses" "de" "cette" "disposition" "."


Input: "42" "." "Je" "ne" "partage" "pas" "cette" "interprétation" "."


Input: "43" "." "La" "phrase" "qui" "a" "été" "omise" "dans" "la" "version" "finale" "comprenait" "également" "l" "’" "obligation" "de" "respecter" "la" "responsabilité" "des" "États" "membres" "en" "ce" "qui" "concerne" "le" "contenu" "de" "l" "’" "enseignement" "et" "l" "’" "organisation" "de" "leurs" "systèmes" "d" "’" "éducation" "."


Input: "Cette" "phrase" "reproduit" "littéralement" "l" "’" "article" "165" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "TFUE" "établissant" "la" "compétence" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "en" "matière" "d" "’" "éducation" "."


Input: "Bien" "que" "cette" "disposition" "ne" "figure" "pas" "parmi" "celles" "qui" "ont" "servi" "de" "base" "juridique" "à" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "," "il" "va" "de" "soi" "que" "les" "limites" "du" "champ" "d" "’" "application" "matériel" "de" "la" "directive" "sont" "tracées" "par" "les" "compétences" "conférées" "à" "l" "’" "Union" "(" "31" ")" "."


Input: "Il" "s" "’" "ensuit" "que" "lorsqu" "’" "il" "a" "omis" "dans" "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "g" ")" "," "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "la" "phrase" "«" "dans" "le" "plein" "respect" "de" "la" "responsabilité" "des" "États" "membres" "en" "ce" "qui" "concerne" "le" "contenu" "de" "l" "’" "enseignement" "et" "l" "’" "organisation" "des" "systèmes" "d" "’" "éducation" "ainsi" "que" "leur" "diversité" "culturelle" "et" "linguistique" "»" "," "le" "législateur" "n" "’" "a" "pas" "pu" "avoir" "l" "’" "intention" "de" "changer" "le" "champ" "d" "’" "application" "de" "cette" "disposition" "."


Input: "Bien" "que" "l" "’" "on" "ne" "sache" "pas" "avec" "certitude" "ce" "qui" "a" "incité" "le" "législateur" "à" "biffer" "ces" "termes" "," "il" "est" "parfaitement" "plausible" "que" "ce" "soit" "tout" "simplement" "parce" "qu" "’" "il" "y" "a" "vu" "une" "redondance" "."


Input: "La" "suppression" "simplifie" "l" "’" "énoncé" "de" "la" "disposition" "sans" "changer" "sa" "portée" "tout" "en" "renforçant" "le" "caractère" "autonome" "des" "termes" "employés" "en" "enlevant" "la" "référence" "aux" "pouvoirs" "des" "États" "membres" "."


Input: "Logiquement" "," "la" "même" "conclusion" "vaut" "pour" "le" "premier" "membre" "de" "la" "phrase" "qui" "a" "été" "supprimée" "," "à" "savoir" "«" "y" "compris" "les" "allocations" "et" "bourses" "d" "’" "études" "»" "."


Input: "La" "Fondation" "et" "le" "gouvernement" "allemand" "soutiennent" "que" "ces" "termes" "ont" "été" "supprimés" "pour" "restreindre" "la" "définition" "."


Input: "Toutefois" "l" "’" "inverse" "pourrait" "être" "tout" "aussi" "vrai" "," "à" "savoir" "que" "la" "suppression" "visait" "à" "garantir" "une" "définition" "large" "."


Input: "44" "." "Cette" "conclusion" "n" "’" "est" "pas" "affectée" "par" "le" "fait" "que" "d" "’" "autres" "termes" "définissant" "la" "portée" "de" "la" "directive" "[" "à" "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "a" ")" "à" "e" ")" "et" "sous" "h" ")" "]" "sont" "expliqués" "plus" "avant" "par" "une" "phrase" "commençant" "par" "«" "y" "compris" "»" "."


Input: "Je" "ne" "suis" "pas" "non" "plus" "convaincue" "par" "l" "’" "argument" "selon" "lequel" "le" "fait" "que" "l" "’" "orientation" "professionnelle" "et" "la" "formation" "professionnelle" "soient" "évoquées" "séparément" "à" "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "b" ")" "," "atteste" "une" "intention" "de" "restreindre" "la" "portée" "de" "la" "notion" "d" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "."


Input: "45" "." "L" "’" "orientation" "et" "la" "formation" "professionnelles" "sont" "étroitement" "liées" "à" "l" "’" "accès" "à" "l" "’" "emploi" "et" "sont" "donc" "mentionnées" "immédiatement" "après" "cette" "composante" "."


Input: "À" "l" "’" "époque" "où" "la" "formation" "professionnelle" "était" "le" "seul" "terme" "lié" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "dans" "le" "traité" "CEE" "," "la" "Cour" "a" "décidé" "que" "," "en" "règle" "générale" "," "les" "études" "universitaires" "constituent" "une" "«" "formation" "professionnelle" "»" "au" "sens" "de" "l" "’" "article" "128" "du" "traité" "CEE" "," "de" "telle" "sorte" "qu" "’" "un" "droit" "d" "’" "inscription" "complémentaire" "perçu" "à" "charge" "des" "étudiants" "ressortissants" "d" "’" "autres" "États" "membres" "constituait" "une" "discrimination" "en" "raison" "de" "la" "nationalité" "," "interdite" "par" "l" "’" "article" "7" "du" "traité" "CEE" "."


Input: "Il" "est" "clair" "que" "," "dans" "cette" "affaire" "," "la" "Cour" "a" "donné" "une" "interprétation" "large" "et" "téléologique" "au" "terme" "«" "formation" "professionnelle" "»" "de" "manière" "à" "interdire" "la" "discrimination" "en" "raison" "de" "la" "nationalité" "dans" "le" "cursus" "universitaire" "."


Input: "Il" "y" "a" "là" "une" "analogie" "avec" "la" "présente" "affaire" "en" "ce" "que" "les" "mêmes" "méthodes" "d" "’" "interprétation" "devraient" "être" "utilisées" "pour" "arriver" "à" "donner" "une" "application" "plus" "large" "à" "la" "règle" "en" "cause" "(" "32" ")" "."


Input: "46" "." "La" "Commission" "a" "suggéré" "à" "l" "’" "audience" "que" "l" "’" "attribution" "de" "bourses" "peut" "également" "relever" "de" "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "f" ")" "," "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "(" "avantages" "sociaux" ")" "."


Input: "C" "’" "est" "un" "point" "qui" "peut" "être" "important" "si" "la" "Cour" "devait" "décider" "que" "l" "’" "attribution" "de" "bourses" "ne" "relève" "pas" "du" "domaine" "de" "l" "’" "éducation" "."


Input: "47" "." "La" "proposition" "de" "la" "Commission" "indique" "que" "les" "avantages" "sociaux" "sont" "à" "caractère" "économique" "ou" "culturel" "," "tels" "les" "conditions" "de" "faveur" "pour" "les" "déplacements" "dans" "les" "transports" "publics" "ou" "les" "repas" "subventionnés" "pour" "les" "enfants" "de" "familles" "à" "faibles" "revenus" "(" "33" ")" "."


Input: "La" "Cour" "a" "déjà" "indiqué" "qu" "’" "une" "aide" "accordée" "pour" "l" "’" "entretien" "et" "pour" "la" "formation" "," "en" "vue" "de" "la" "poursuite" "d" "’" "études" "universitaires" "sanctionnées" "par" "une" "qualification" "professionnelle" "," "constitue" "un" "avantage" "social" "," "au" "sens" "de" "l" "’" "article" "7" "," "paragraphe" "2" "," "du" "règlement" "no" "1612" "/" "68" "(" "34" ")" "."


Input: "À" "mon" "sens" "," "cela" "couvre" "le" "financement" "d" "’" "études" "dit" "«" "horizontal" "»" "," "c" "’" "est-à-dire" "attribué" "à" "tout" "un" "chacun" "selon" "des" "critères" "liés" "par" "exemple" "au" "revenu" "ou" "à" "la" "situation" "professionnelle" "des" "étudiants" "ou" "de" "leurs" "parents" "."


Input: "Je" "considère" "que" "ces" "types" "d" "’" "affaires" "intéressent" "l" "’" "accès" "à" "l" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "tout" "en" "constituant" "à" "la" "fois" "un" "«" "avantage" "social" "»" "."


Input: "Cela" "veut" "dire" "que" "l" "’" "on" "ne" "peut" "pas" "exclure" "que" "les" "deux" "dispositions" "se" "recoupent" "."


Input: "Cependant" "," "lorsque" "le" "financement" "est" "attribué" "à" "un" "nombre" "limité" "d" "’" "étudiants" "en" "fonction" "de" "critères" "liés" "à" "leurs" "grades" "académiques" "(" "comme" "cela" "semble" "être" "le" "cas" "dans" "la" "procédure" "au" "principal" ")" "," "j" "’" "estime" "que" "ce" "financement" "devrait" "être" "réputé" "relever" "de" "la" "notion" "d" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "."


Input: "48" "." "Il" "découle" "de" "tout" "ce" "qui" "précède" "que" "la" "notion" "d" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "dans" "le" "contexte" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "doit" "être" "interprétée" "largement" "et" "qu" "’" "elle" "inclut" "des" "composantes" "liées" "à" "l" "’" "accès" "à" "l" "’" "éducation" "tel" "le" "financement" "par" "des" "bourses" "d" "’" "études" "."


Input: "Le" "financement" "et" "l" "’" "éducation" "doivent" "toutefois" "présenter" "un" "véritable" "lien" "."


Input: "Une" "bourse" "d" "’" "études" "présente" "un" "tel" "lien" "lorsqu" "’" "elle" "couvre" "," "par" "exemple" "," "les" "droits" "d" "’" "inscription" "," "les" "frais" "de" "déplacement" "liés" "à" "des" "cours" "donnés" "dans" "un" "autre" "État" "ou" "des" "frais" "d" "’" "entretien" "qui" "ont" "pour" "finalité" "de" "permettre" "à" "des" "étudiants" "de" "suivre" "leurs" "cours" "(" "35" ")" "."


Input: "Il" "appartient" "à" "la" "juridiction" "nationale" "de" "vérifier" "ces" "éléments" "."


Input: "49" "." "Je" "conclus" "dès" "lors" "que" "la" "notion" "d" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "au" "sens" "de" "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "g" ")" "," "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "inclut" "l" "’" "attribution" "de" "bourses" "destinées" "à" "soutenir" "des" "projets" "de" "recherche" "ou" "d" "’" "études" "à" "l" "’" "étranger" "."


Input: "Il" "appartient" "à" "la" "juridiction" "nationale" "de" "vérifier" "l" "’" "existence" "d" "’" "un" "véritable" "lien" "entre" "le" "financement" "et" "l" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "."


Input: "Conclusion"


Input: "50" "." "Eu" "égard" "à" "toutes" "les" "considérations" "qui" "précèdent" "," "je" "suggère" "à" "la" "Cour" "de" "répondre" "comme" "suit" "à" "la" "question" "posée" "par" "le" "Bundesgerichtshof" "(" "Cour" "fédérale" "de" "justice" "," "Allemagne" ")" ":"


Input: "La" "notion" "d" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "au" "sens" "de" "l" "’" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "g" ")" "," "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "/" "CE" "du" "Conseil" "," "du" "29" "juin" "2000" "," "relative" "à" "la" "mise" "en" "œuvre" "du" "principe" "de" "l" "’" "égalité" "de" "traitement" "entre" "les" "personnes" "sans" "distinction" "de" "race" "ou" "d" "’" "origine" "ethnique" "," "inclut" "l" "’" "attribution" "de" "bourses" "destinées" "à" "soutenir" "des" "projets" "de" "recherche" "ou" "d" "’" "études" "à" "l" "’" "étranger" "."


Input: "Il" "appartient" "à" "la" "juridiction" "nationale" "de" "vérifier" "l" "’" "existence" "d" "’" "un" "véritable" "lien" "entre" "le" "financement" "et" "l" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "."


Input: "1" "Langue" "originale" ":" "l" "’" "anglais" "."


Input: "2" "«" "Ὅτι" "μὲν" "οὖν" "τῷ" "νομοθέτῃ" "μάλιστα" "πραγματευτέον" "περὶ" "τὴν" "τῶν" "νέων" "παιδείαν" "," "οὐδεὶς" "ἂν" "ἀμφισβητήσειε" "[" "…" "]" "τίς" "δ" "᾽" "ἔσται" "ἡ" "παιδεία" "[" "…" "]" "δεῖ" "μὴ" "λανθάνειν" "»" "Aristote" "," "Politique" "," "Livre" "V" "(" "ordinairement" "placé" "le" "huitième" ")" "«" "De" "l" "’" "éducation" "dans" "la" "cité" "parfaite" "»" "."


Input: "3" "Article" "14" "de" "la" "charte" "des" "droits" "fondamentaux" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "européenne" "(" "ci-après" "la" "«" "Charte" "»" ")" "."


Input: "4" "Directive" "2000" "/" "43" "/" "CE" "du" "Conseil" "," "du" "29" "juin" "2000" "," "relative" "à" "la" "mise" "en" "œuvre" "du" "principe" "de" "l" "’" "égalité" "de" "traitement" "entre" "les" "personnes" "sans" "distinction" "de" "race" "ou" "d" "’" "origine" "ethnique" "(" "JO" "2000" "," "L" "180" "," "p" "." "22" ")" "."


Input: "5" "Article" "1er" "."


Input: "6" "L" "’" "objet" "statutaire" "de" "la" "Fondation" "est" "de" "promouvoir" "l" "’" "éducation" "universitaire" "des" "jeunes" "qui" "," "de" "par" "leur" "important" "don" "scientifique" "ou" "artistique" "et" "leur" "personnalité" "," "promettent" "de" "rendre" "des" "services" "particuliers" "au" "service" "de" "l" "’" "intérêt" "général" "."


Input: "Le" "programme" "«" "Bucerius-Jura" "»" "vise" "à" "aider" "des" "diplômés" "particulièrement" "qualifiés" "ayant" "étudié" "le" "droit" "en" "Allemagne" "à" "acquérir" "une" "connaissance" "des" "systèmes" "juridiques" "étrangers" "," "une" "expérience" "à" "l" "’" "étranger" "et" "des" "connaissances" "linguistiques" "."


Input: "7" "Arrêt" "du" "2" "mars" "2017" "," "J" "." "D" "."

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "(" "C" "‑" "4" "/" "16" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2017" ":" "153" "," "points" "23" "et" "24" "et" "jurisprudence" "citée" ")" "."


Input: "8" "Arrêt" "du" "3" "septembre" "2014" "," "Deckmyn" "et" "Vrijheidsfonds" "(" "C" "‑" "201" "/" "13" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2014" ":" "2132" "," "point" "19" "et" "jurisprudence" "citée" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "9" "Cette" "définition" "de" "l" "’" "éducation" "figure" "dans" "le" "Collins" "English" "Dictionary" "."


Input: "L" "’" "OxfordEnglish" "Dictionary" "a" "la" "définition" "suivante" ":" "«" "le" "processus" "d" "’" "instruction" "systématiquement" "donnée" "ou" "reçue" "," "en" "particulier" "dans" "une" "école" "ou" "à" "l" "’" "université" "»" "."


Input: "Prises" "conjointement" "," "les" "deux" "définitions" "correspondent" "à" "l" "’" "acception" "habituellement" "reçue" "du" "terme" "«" "éducation" "»" "."


Input: "10" "En" "français" "," "la" "définition" "de" "l" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "donnée" "par" "le" "Petit" "Robert" "me" "semble" "même" "plus" "large" ":" "«" "mise" "en" "œuvre" "des" "moyens" "propres" "à" "assurer" "la" "formation" "et" "le" "développement" "d" "’" "un" "être" "humain" "»" "."


Input: "En" "allemand" "," "qui" "est" "la" "langue" "de" "la" "procédure" "en" "l" "’" "espèce" "," "le" "Duden" "," "dictionnaire" "universel" "allemand" "," "indique" "sous" "«" "Bildung" "»" "," "«" "a" ")" "das" "Bilden" "(" "5" ")" "," "Erziehung" ":" "die" "B" "." "der" "Jugend" ";" "mehr" "für" "die" "B" "." "tun" ";" "b" ")" "das" "Gebildetsein" ";" "das" "Ausgebildetsein" ";" "erworbenes" "Allgemeinwissen" ":" "eine" "wissenschaftliche" "," "künstlerische" "," "humanistische" "B" "." ";" "seine" "B" "." "vervollständigen" "," "vertiefen" ";" "eine" "umfassende" "B" "." "besitzen" ";" "eine" "vorzügliche" "B" "." "erhalten" ";" "ein" "Mann" "von" "B" "." "(" "ein" "gebildeter" "Mann" ")" ";" "das" "gehört" "zur" "allgemeinen" "B" "." "(" "das" "sollte" "jeder" "Gebildete" "wissen" ")" ";" "c" ")" "(" "seltener" ")" "gutes" "Benehmen" ":" "sie" "hat" "keine" "B" "." "(" "weiß" "nicht" "," "was" "sich" "schickt" ")" "»" "."


Input: "D" "’" "un" "point" "de" "vue" "étymologique" "," "la" "consultation" "des" "différentes" "versions" "linguistiques" "de" "la" "directive" "montre" "que" "sept" "d" "’" "entre" "elles" "(" "anglaise" ":" "«" "education" "»" "," "française" ":" "«" "éducation" "»" "," "maltaise" ":" "«" "edukazzjoni" "»" "," "polonaise" ":" "«" "edukacja" "»" "," "portugaise" ":" "«" "educação" "»" "," "roumaine" ":" "«" "educația" "»" "," "et" "espagnole" ":" "«" "educación" "»" ")" "utilisent" "un" "mot" "dont" "l" "’" "étymologie" "remonte" "au" "verbe" "latin" "«" "educare" "»" "«" "élever" "," "nourrir" "," "éduquer" "»" "lié" "à" "«" "educere" "»" "«" "faire" "sortir" "," "faire" "avancer" "»" "."


Input: "11" "La" "Classification" "internationale" "type" "de" "l" "’" "éducation" "(" "CITE" ")" "est" "la" "classification" "de" "référence" "proposée" "par" "l" "’" "Organisation" "des" "Nations" "unies" "pour" "l" "’" "éducation" "," "la" "science" "et" "la" "culture" "(" "Unesco" ")" "permettant" "d" "’" "organiser" "les" "programmes" "éducatifs" "et" "les" "certifications" "correspondantes" "par" "niveau" "d" "’" "éducation" "et" "par" "domaines" "d" "’" "études" "."


Input: "Cette" "définition" "est" "partiellement" "reprise" "dans" "la" "définition" "de" "l" "’" "«" "éducation" "»" "donnée" "par" "l" "’" "article" "2" "," "sous" "d" ")" "," "du" "règlement" "(" "CE" ")" "no" "452" "/" "2008" "du" "Parlement" "européen" "et" "du" "Conseil" "," "du" "23" "avril" "2008" "," "relatif" "à" "la" "production" "et" "au" "développement" "de" "statistiques" "sur" "l" "’" "éducation" "et" "la" "formation" "tout" "au" "long" "de" "la" "vie" "(" "JO" "2008" "," "L" "145" "," "p" "." "227" ")" "."


Input: "12" "Le" "règlement" "(" "UE" ")" "no" "1288" "/" "2013" "du" "Parlement" "européen" "et" "du" "Conseil" "," "du" "11" "décembre" "2013" "," "établissant" "«" "Erasmus" "+" "»" ":" "le" "programme" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "pour" "l" "’" "éducation" "," "la" "formation" "," "la" "jeunesse" "et" "le" "sport" "et" "abrogeant" "les" "décisions" "no" "1719" "/" "2006" "/" "CE" "," "no" "1720" "/" "2006" "/" "CE" "et" "no" "1298" "/" "2008" "/" "CE" "(" "JO" "2013" "," "L" "347" "," "p" "." "50" ")" "," "définit" "l" "’" "«" "éducation" "et" "formation" "tout" "au" "long" "de" "la" "vie" "»" "comme" "«" "l" "’" "ensemble" "constitué" "par" "l" "’" "enseignement" "général" "," "l" "’" "enseignement" "et" "la" "formation" "professionnels" "," "l" "’" "éducation" "non" "formelle" "et" "l" "’" "éducation" "informelle" "entrepris" "tout" "au" "long" "de" "la" "vie" "," "aboutissant" "à" "une" "amélioration" "des" "connaissances" "," "des" "aptitudes" "et" "des" "compétences" "ou" "de" "la" "participation" "à" "la" "société" "dans" "une" "perspective" "personnelle" "," "civique" "," "culturelle" "," "sociale" "et" "/" "ou" "professionnelle" "," "y" "compris" "la" "fourniture" "de" "services" "de" "conseil" "et" "d" "’" "orientation" "»" "."


Input: "13" "Article" "1er" "."


Input: "14" "Arrêt" "du" "16" "juillet" "2015" "," "CHEZ" "Razpredelenie" "Bulgaria" "(" "C" "‑" "83" "/" "14" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "480" "," "points" "58" "et" "72" "et" "jurisprudence" "citée" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

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Input: "15" "Considérant" "3" "."


Input: "16" "Voir" "également" "arrêt" "du" "16" "juillet" "2015" "," "CHEZ" "Razpredelenie" "Bulgaria" "(" "C" "‑" "83" "/" "14" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "480" "," "point" "74" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

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Input: "17" "Article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "et" "considérant" "16" "."


Input: "La" "protection" "offerte" "s" "’" "étend" "," "au" "besoin" "," "aux" "personnes" "morales" "lorsqu" "’" "elles" "subissent" "une" "discrimination" "en" "raison" "de" "la" "race" "ou" "de" "l" "’" "origine" "ethnique" "de" "ses" "membres" "."


Input: "18" "Article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "."


Input: "19" "Voir" "le" "considérant" "12" "de" "la" "directive" "et" "l" "’" "arrêt" "du" "12" "mai" "2011" "," "Runevič-Vardyn" "et" "Wardyn" "(" "C" "‑" "391" "/" "09" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2011" ":" "291" "," "points" "41" "et" "42" ")" "."

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Input: "À" "cet" "égard" "son" "champ" "d" "’" "application" "est" "plus" "large" "que" "celui" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "78" "/" "CE" "du" "Conseil" "," "du" "27" "novembre" "2000" "," "portant" "création" "d" "’" "un" "cadre" "général" "en" "faveur" "de" "l" "’" "égalité" "de" "traitement" "en" "matière" "d" "’" "emploi" "et" "de" "travail" "(" "JO" "2000" "," "L" "303" "," "p" "." "16" ")" "."


Input: "20" "Arrêt" "du" "16" "juillet" "2015" "," "CHEZ" "Razpredelenie" "Bulgaria" "(" "C" "‑" "83" "/" "14" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "480" "," "point" "42" "et" "jurisprudence" "citée" ")" "."

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Input: "21" "Voir" "à" "cet" "égard" "pour" "l" "’" "accès" "aux" "biens" "et" "services" "et" "la" "fourniture" "de" "biens" "et" "services" "[" "article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "sous" "h" ")" "," "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "]" "arrêt" "du" "16" "juillet" "2015" "," "CHEZ" "Razpredelenie" "Bulgaria" "(" "C" "‑" "83" "/" "14" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "480" "," "point" "43" ")" "."


Input: "22" "Je" "m" "’" "interromps" "un" "instant" "pour" "relever" "que" "le" "régime" "de" "l" "’" "apartheid" "en" "Afrique" "du" "sud" "établissait" "en" "règle" "dans" "l" "’" "éducation" "la" "ségrégation" "en" "fonction" "de" "la" "race" "ou" "de" "l" "’" "origine" "ethnique" ";" "et" "que" "jusqu" "’" "en" "décembre" "1947" "les" "femmes" "n" "’" "obtenaient" "pas" "des" "diplômes" "à" "l" "’" "université" "de" "Cambridge" "même" "si" "elles" "avaient" "présenté" "exactement" "les" "mêmes" "examens" "que" "leurs" "compagnons" "de" "cours" "."


Input: "23" "Proposition" "de" "directive" "du" "Conseil" "relative" "à" "la" "mise" "en" "œuvre" "du" "principe" "de" "l" "’" "égalité" "de" "traitement" "entre" "les" "personnes" "sans" "distinction" "de" "race" "ou" "d" "’" "origine" "ethnique" "[" "COM" "(" "1999" ")" "566" "final" "," "p" "." "5" "]" "."


Input: "24" "Règlement" "(" "CEE" ")" "no" "1612" "/" "68" "du" "Conseil" "," "du" "15" "octobre" "1968" "," "relatif" "à" "la" "libre" "circulation" "des" "travailleurs" "à" "l" "’" "intérieur" "de" "la" "Communauté" "(" "JO" "1968" "," "L" "257" "," "p" "." "2" ")" "," "abrogé" "par" "le" "règlement" "(" "UE" ")" "no" "492" "/" "2011" "du" "Parlement" "européen" "et" "du" "Conseil" "," "du" "5" "avril" "2011" "," "relatif" "à" "la" "libre" "circulation" "des" "travailleurs" "à" "l" "’" "intérieur" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "(" "JO" "2011" "," "L" "141" "," "p" "." "1" ")" "."


Input: "Je" "relève" "que" "la" "Commission" "s" "’" "est" "inspirée" "de" "ce" "règlement" "pour" "expliquer" "certains" "termes" "employés" "dans" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "," "proposition" "de" "la" "Commission" "[" "COM" "(" "1999" ")" "566" "final" "," "p" "." "7" "]" "."


Input: "25" "Arrêt" "du" "15" "mars" "1989" "," "Echternach" "et" "Moritz" "(" "389" "/" "87" "et" "390" "/" "87" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1989" ":" "130" "," "point" "33" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

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Input: "Dans" "une" "affaire" "antérieure" "concernant" "aussi" "l" "’" "article" "12" "du" "règlement" "no" "1612" "/" "68" "," "la" "Cour" "a" "indiqué" "dans" "son" "arrêt" "du" "3" "juillet" "1974" "," "Casagrande" "(" "9" "/" "74" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1974" ":" "74" "," "point" "4" ")" "," "que" "«" "cette" "intégration" "suppose" "," "dans" "le" "cas" "de" "l" "’" "enfant" "d" "’" "un" "travailleur" "étranger" "désireux" "de" "suivre" "l" "’" "enseignement" "secondaire" "," "que" "cet" "enfant" "puisse" "bénéficier" "," "dans" "les" "mêmes" "conditions" "que" "ses" "homologues" "nationaux" "," "des" "avantages" "prévus" "…" "en" "vue" "d" "’" "encourager" "la" "formation" "»" "."


Input: "26" "Arrêt" "du" "26" "février" "1992" "," "Raulin" "(" "C" "‑" "357" "/" "89" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1992" ":" "87" "," "point" "34" ")" "."

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Input: "27" "Arrêt" "du" "15" "mars" "2005" "," "Bidar" "(" "C" "‑" "209" "/" "03" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2005" ":" "169" "," "points" "39" "à" "42" ")" "."

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Input: "Cet" "arrêt" "a" "marqué" "une" "évolution" "par" "rapport" "à" "la" "jurisprudence" "antérieure" "dans" "laquelle" "la" "Cour" "avait" "indiqué" "que" "," "au" "stade" "d" "’" "évolution" "du" "droit" "communautaire" "(" "au" "moment" "de" "l" "’" "arrêt" ")" "," "une" "aide" "accordée" "aux" "étudiants" "pour" "l" "’" "entretien" "et" "pour" "la" "formation" "échappait" "en" "principe" "au" "domaine" "d" "’" "application" "du" "traite" "CEE" ";" "voir" "arrêt" "du" "21" "juin" "1988" "," "Lair" "(" "39" "/" "86" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1988" ":" "322" "," "point" "15" ")" "."


Input: "28" "Règlement" "no" "1288" "/" "2013" "."


Input: "29" "Directive" "2003" "/" "109" "/" "CE" "du" "Conseil" "," "du" "25" "novembre" "2003" "," "relative" "au" "statut" "des" "ressortissants" "de" "pays" "tiers" "résidents" "de" "longue" "durée" "(" "JO" "2004" "," "L" "16" "," "p" "." "44" ")" "."


Input: "30" "Proposition" "de" "la" "Commission" "[" "COM" "(" "1999" ")" "566" "final" "," "p" "." "8" "]" "."


Input: "31" "Article" "3" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "de" "la" "directive" "."


Input: "32" "Arrêt" "du" "2" "février" "1988" "," "Blaizot" "e.a" "."

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "I-PERSON" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O"

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"O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "B-PERSON" "O" "O"


Input: "(" "24" "/" "86" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1988" ":" "43" "," "points" "10" "à" "24" "et" "en" "particulier" "," "19" "," "20" "et" "24" ")" "."


Input: "33" "Proposition" "de" "la" "Commission" "[" "COM" "(" "1999" ")" "566" "final" "," "p" "." "7" "]" "."


Input: "34" "Voir" "arrêt" "du" "15" "décembre" "2016" "," "Depesme" "e.a" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "I-PERSON" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "B-PERSON" "O" "O"


Input: "[" "C" "‑" "401" "/" "15" "à" "C" "‑" "403" "/" "15" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2016" ":" "955" "," "point" "38" "et" "jurisprudence" "citée" "]" "."


Input: "La" "proposition" "de" "la" "Commission" "s" "’" "inspire" "expressément" "(" "p" "." "7" ")" "du" "règlement" "no" "1612" "/" "68" "en" "ce" "qui" "concerne" "la" "notion" "d" "’" "«" "avantages" "sociaux" "»" "."


Input: "35" "À" "cet" "égard" "," "j" "’" "estime" "que" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "a" "nettement" "évolué" "depuis" "que" "la" "Cour" "a" "indiqué" "dans" "son" "arrêt" "du" "21" "juin" "1988" "," "Brown" "(" "197" "/" "86" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1988" ":" "323" "," "point" "18" ")" "," "que" "«" "au" "stade" "actuel" "de" "l" "’" "évolution" "du" "droit" "communautaire" "," "une" "aide" "accordée" "aux" "étudiants" "pour" "l" "’" "entretien" "et" "pour" "la" "formation" "," "échappe" "," "en" "principe" "au" "domaine" "d" "’" "application" "du" "traité" "CEE" "au" "sens" "de" "son" "article" "7" "»" "."


Input: "Voir" "arrêt" "du" "15" "mars" "2005" "," "Bidar" "(" "C" "‑" "209" "/" "03" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2005" ":" "169" "," "points" "39" "à" "42" "," "cités" "au" "point" "38" "des" "présentes" "conclusions" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "Tel" "doit" "être" "le" "cas" "," "a" "fortiori" "," "dans" "le" "contexte" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "43" "," "compte" "tenu" "de" "sa" "finalité" "et" "de" "son" "économie" "," "analysées" "aux" "points" "24" "et" "suivants" "plus" "haut" "."


Input: "TUAIRIM" "AN" "ABHCÓIDE" "GHINEARÁLTA"

"O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"


Input: "WAHL"


Input: "arna" "seachadadh" "an" "11" "Meán" "Fómhair" "2018" "(" "1" ")"

"O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "Cás" "C" "-" "378" "/" "17"


Input: "An" "tAire" "Dlí" "agus" "Cirt" "agus" "Comhionannais" ","


Input: "Coimisinéir" "an" "Gharda" "Síochána"


Input: "An" "Coimisiún" "um" "Chaidreamh" "san" "Áit" "Oibre" ";"

"B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "B-PERSON" "O"

"I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O"

"B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "O"

"I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O"

"B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O"

"I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O"

"B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O"

"I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O"

"B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O"

"I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O"

"B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O"


Input: "páirtithe" "Fógraí" ":"


Input: "Mainistir" "na" "Búille" ","


Input: "Brian" "Fitzpatrick" ","

"B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O"
"I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O"
"I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O"
"B-DATE" "B-DATE" "O"
"B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O"
"I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O"
"B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O"
"I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O"
"I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O"
"B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O"
"B-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O"


Input: "Gerard" "Cotter"

"I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"
"I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"
"I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"
"B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"
"B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"
"B-TIME" "B-TIME"
"I-TIME" "I-TIME"
"B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"
"B-DATE" "B-DATE"
"I-DATE" "I-DATE"
"B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "(" "Iarraidh" "ar" "réamhrialú" "ón" "gCúirt" "Uachtarach" "(" "Éire" ")" ")"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"


Input: "(" "Iarraidh" "ar" "réamhrialú" "—" "riail" "lena" "roinntear" "dlínse" "idir" "dhá" "chomhlacht" "i" "gcásanna" "sonracha" "ar" "bhonn" "chineál" "an" "ghearáin" "a" "rinneadh" "—" "Gearáin" "maidir" "le" "hidirdhealú" "i" "gcomhthéacs" "na" "fostaíochta" "—" "dlínse" "theoranta" "comhlachta" "reachtúil" "—" "Gan" "dlínse" "chun" "cásanna" "a" "éisteacht" "ina" "n-éilítear" "díchur" "i" "bhfeidhm" "na" "reachtaíochta" "náisiúnta" "i" "gcoinbhleacht" "le" "dlí" "an" "AE" "—" "Pribhléid" "dhlí" "an" "Aontais" "—" "lánéifeachtacht" "—" "Neamhspleáchas" "nós" "imeachta" "na" "mBallstát" "—" "Coibhéis" "agus" "éifeachtacht" ")"


Input: "1" "." "Cá" "bhfuil" "teorainneacha" "neamhspleáchas" "nós" "imeachta" "na" "mBallstát" "?"


Input: "Nó" "go" "sonrach" ":" "cé" "chomh" "mór" "agus" "a" "chuireann" "prionsabal" "phríomhaíocht" "dhlí" "an" "Aontais" "teorainn" "ar" "an" "bhféidearthacht" "atá" "ag" "na" "Ballstáit" "rialacha" "(" "bunreachtúla" ")" "a" "chur" "i" "bhfeidhm" "maidir" "le" "sannadh" "dlínse" "i" "réimse" "áirithe" "dlí" "?"


Input: "Is" "é" "sin" "," "go" "bunúsach" "," "an" "cheist" "a" "chuir" "Cúirt" "Uachtarach" "na" "hÉireann" "ar" "an" "gCúirt" "sa" "chás" "seo" "."


Input: "2" "." "Ar" "bhonn" "níos" "nithiúla" "atá" "i" "gceist" "," "tá" "comhoiriúnacht" "le" "prionsabal" "phríomhacht" "dhlí" "an" "AE" "maidir" "le" "riail" "a" "roinneann" "dlínse" "i" "gcásanna" "sonracha" "idir" "an" "Ard-Chúirt" "agus" "comhlacht" "reachtúil" "," "an" "Coimisiún" "um" "Chaidreamh" "san" "Áit" "Oibre" "(" "‘" "an" "Coimisiún" "um" "Chaidreamh" "san" "Áit" "Oibre" "’" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "3" "." "Braitheann" "an" "comhlacht" "inniúil" "chun" "cás" "a" "éisteacht" "ar" "chineál" "an" "ghearáin" "a" "dhéantar" "."


Input: "Cé" "go" "bhfuil" "dlínse" "ag" "an" "WRC" "de" "ghnáth" "gearáin" "maidir" "le" "comhionannas" "fostaíochta" "a" "éisteacht" "bunaithe" "ar" "Threoir" "2000" "/" "78" "/" "CE" "(" "2" ")" "agus" "ar" "an" "reachtaíocht" "náisiúnta" "lena" "dtrasuitear" "an" "treoir" "sin" "," "níl" "aon" "dlínse" "ag" "an" "gcomhlacht" "sin" "chun" "cásanna" "a" "éisteacht" "ina" "mbeadh" "gá" "le" "foráil" "reachtaíochta" "náisiúnta" "(" "príomha" "nó" "tánaisteacha" ")" "a" "dhífheidhmiú" "mar" "thoradh" "rathúil" "ar" "an" "ngearán" "."


Input: "Mar" "gheall" "ar" "an" "riail" "sin" "," "níl" "aon" "dlínse" "ag" "an" "WRC" "a" "mheas" "an" "bhfuil" "foráil" "de" "chuid" "an" "dlí" "náisiúnta" "ag" "sárú" "reachtaíocht" "AE" "maidir" "le" "comhionannas" "fostaíochta" "."


Input: "Ina" "ionad" "sin" "," "is" "í" "an" "Ard-Chúirt" "an" "comhlacht" "inniúil" "chun" "sásamh" "a" "lorg" "le" "haghaidh" "idirdhealaithe" "i" "gcásanna" "ina" "n-éilítear" "dífheidhmiú" "an" "dlí" "náisiúnta" "."


Input: "4" "." "Maidir" "leis" "an" "gceist" "a" "chuirtear" "ar" "an" "gCúirt" "sa" "chás" "seo" "," "ní" "mór" "breithniú" "a" "dhéanamh" "ar" "an" "réasúnaíocht" "is" "bun" "leis" "an" "gcásdlí" "a" "chineachtar" "ó" "bhreithiúnas" "bunúsach" "na" "Cúirte" "in" "Simmenthal" "." "(" "3" ")" "Iarrann" "sí" "ar" "an" "gCúirt" "féachaint" "an" "gceanglaítear" "le" "prionsabal" "bunreachtúil" "na" "tosaíochta" "," "agus" "trí" "leathnú" "," "le" "héifeachtacht" "iomlán" "dhlí" "an" "Aontais" "," "nach" "mór" "dlínse" "a" "bheith" "ag" "comhlacht" "amhail" "an" "WRC" "chun" "cásanna" "a" "d" "’" "fhéadfadh" "a" "bheith" "ag" "baint" "le" "dífheidhmiú" "na" "reachtaíochta" "náisiúnta" "a" "éisteacht" "," "cé" "go" "bhfuil" "gníomhaíocht" "mhalartach" "ar" "fáil" "a" "chomhlíonann" "," "de" "réir" "na" "gcinntí" "a" "rinne" "an" "chúirt" "a" "rinne" "an" "tarchur" "," "prionsabail" "na" "coibhéise" "agus" "na" "héifeachtachta" "."


Input: "I" "." "Creat" "dlíthiúil"


Input: "A" "." "Dlí" "AE"


Input: "5" "." "Leagtar" "síos" "i" "dTreoir" "2000" "/" "78" "rialacha" "maidir" "le" "cóir" "chomhionann" "i" "gcomhthéacs" "na" "fostaíochta" "agus" "na" "slí" "beatha" "."


Input: "I" "gcomhréir" "le" "hAirteagal" "1" "de" "," "féachann" "sé" "le" "hidirdhealú" "a" "chomhrac" "agus" "le" "prionsabal" "na" "córa" "comhionainne" "a" "chur" "i" "bhfeidhm" "sna" "Ballstáit" "."


Input: "6" "." "Sainítear" "raon" "feidhme" "na" "treorach" "in" "Airteagal" "3" "."


Input: "Deir" "sé" ":"


Input: "Laistigh" "de" "theorainneacha" "na" "réimsí" "inniúlachta" "a" "thugtar" "don" "Chomhphobal" "," "beidh" "feidhm" "ag" "an" "Treoir" "seo" "maidir" "le" "gach" "duine" "," "a" "mhéid" "a" "bhaineann" "leis" "an" "earnáil" "phoiblí" "agus" "an" "earnáil" "phríobháideach" "araon" "," "lena" "n-áirítear" "comhlachtaí" "poiblí" "," "i" "ndáil" "leis" "an" "méid" "seo" "a" "leanas" ":"


Input: "coinníollacha" "maidir" "le" "rochtain" "ar" "fhostaíocht" "," "ar" "fhéinfhostaíocht" "nó" "ar" "ghairm" "," "lena" "n-áirítear" "critéir" "roghnúcháin" "agus" "coinníollacha" "earcaíochta" "," "beag" "beann" "ar" "an" "mbrainse" "gníomhaíochta" "agus" "ar" "gach" "leibhéal" "den" "ordlathas" "gairmiúil" "," "lena" "n-áirítear" "ardú" "céime" ";"


Input: "7" "." "I" "gCaibidil" "II" "de" "Threoir" "2000" "/" "78" "pléitear" "le" "leigheasanna" "agus" "le" "forfheidhmiú" "."


Input: "Baineann" "Airteagal" "9" "(" "1" ")" "den" "treoir" "le" "cearta" "a" "chosaint" "."


Input: "Soláthraíonn" "sé" ":"


Input: "“" "Áiritheoidh" "na" "Ballstáit" "go" "mbeidh" "nósanna" "imeachta" "breithiúnacha" "agus" "/" "nó" "riaracháin" "," "lena" "n-áirítear" "i" "gcás" "ina" "measann" "siad" "go" "bhfuil" "sé" "iomchuí" "," "nósanna" "imeachta" "idir-réitigh" "chun" "oibleagáidí" "faoin" "Treoir" "seo" "a" "fhorfheidhmiú" "ar" "fáil" "do" "gach" "duine" "a" "mheasann" "go" "ndearnadh" "éagóir" "orthu" "trí" "mhainneachtain" "prionsabal" "na" "córa" "comhionainne" "a" "chur" "i" "bhfeidhm" "maidir" "leo" "," "fiú" "tar" "éis" "deireadh" "a" "bheith" "tagtha" "leis" "an" "gcaidreamh" "ina" "líomhnaítear" "gur" "tharla" "an" "t-idirdhealú" "." "’"


Input: "B" "." "An" "dlí" "náisiúnta"


Input: "1" "." "An" "Bunreacht"


Input: "8" "." "Foráiltear" "le" "hAirteagal" "34" "de" "Bhunreacht" "na" "hÉireann" "(" "Bunreacht" "na" "hÉireann" ")" "(" "‘" "an" "Bunreacht" "’" ")" ":"


Input: "'" "1" "Is" "i" "gcúirteanna" "arna" "mbunú" "le" "dlí" "a" "riarfar" "an" "Breitheamh" "ag" "breithiúna" "a" "cheapfar" "ar" "an" "modh" "a" "fhoráiltear" "leis" "an" "mBunreacht" "seo" "," "agus" "," "ach" "amháin" "i" "cibé" "cásanna" "speisialta" "teoranta" "a" "ordófar" "le" "dlí" "," "riarfar" "é" "go" "poiblí" "."


Input: "2" "Beidh" "ar" "na" "Cúirteanna" ":"


Input: "i" "Cúirteanna" "Céadchéime" ";"


Input: "II" "Cúirt" "Achomhairc" ";" "agus"


Input: "III" "Cúirt" "Achomhairc" "Dheiridh" "."


Input: "3" "1" "°" "Beidh" "ar" "na" "Cúirteanna" "Céadchéime" "Ard-Chúirt" "a" "mbeidh" "lán-dlínse" "bunaidh" "aici" "agus" "cumhacht" "aici" "gach" "ní" "agus" "ceist" "dlí" "nó" "fíorais" "," "sibhialta" "nó" "coiriúil" "a" "chinneadh" "."


Input: "2" "°" "Taobh" "amuigh" "de" "chás" "dá" "socraítear" "a" "mhalairt" "leis" "an" "Airteagal" "seo" "," "bainfidh" "dlínse" "na" "hArd-Chúirte" "leis" "an" "gceist" "sin" "bailíocht" "aon" "dlí" "ag" "féachaint" "d" "’" "fhorálacha" "an" "Bhunreachta" "seo" "," "agus" "ní" "cead" "aon" "cheist" "den" "sórt" "sin" "a" "tharraingt" "anuas" "(" "trí" "phléadáil" "ná" "argóint" "ná" "eile" ")" "in" "aon" "Chúirt" "a" "bhunófar" "faoin" "Airteagal" "seo" "nó" "faoi" "aon" "Airteagal" "eile" "den" "Bhunreacht" "seo" "," "seachas" "an" "Ard-Chúirt" "," "an" "Chúirt" "Achomhairc" "nó" "an" "Chúirt" "Uachtarach" "." "’"


Input: "9" "." "Foráiltear" "an" "méid" "seo" "a" "leanas" "le" "hAirteagal" "37.1" "den" "Bhunreacht" ":"


Input: "‘" "Ní" "oibreoidh" "aon" "ní" "sa" "Bhunreacht" "seo" "chun" "feidhmiú" "feidhmeanna" "agus" "cumhachtaí" "teoranta" "de" "chineál" "breithiúnach" "," "in" "ábhair" "seachas" "ábhair" "choiriúla" "," "ag" "aon" "duine" "nó" "comhlacht" "daoine" "a" "mbeidh" "údarás" "cuí" "acu" "le" "dlí" "na" "feidhmeanna" "agus" "na" "cumhachtaí" "sin" "a" "fheidhmiú" "," "d" "’" "ainneoin" "nach" "breitheamh" "ná" "cúirt" "arna" "ceapadh" "nó" "arna" "bunú" "amhlaidh" "faoin" "mBunreacht" "seo" "an" "duine" "sin" "nó" "an" "comhlacht" "daoine" "sin" "." "’"


Input: "2" "." "An" "reachtaíocht" "fostaíochta" "ábhartha"


Input: "10" "." "In" "Éirinn" "," "tá" "an" "toirmeasc" "ar" "idirdhealú" "ar" "bhonn" "aoise" "leagtha" "amach" "sna" "hAchtanna" "um" "Chomhionannas" "Fostaíochta" "." "(" "4" ")"


Input: "11" "." "Is" "é" "an" "WRC" "(" "an" "Binse" "Comhionannais" "roimhe" "seo" ")" "an" "comhlacht" "gar-bhreithiúnach" "a" "bunaíodh" "chun" "gearáin" "maidir" "le" "hidirdhealú" "a" "imscrúdú" "," "a" "éisteacht" "agus" "cinneadh" "a" "dhéanamh" "ina" "leith" "." "(" "5" ")" "De" "bhun" "fhorálacha" "iomchuí" "na" "nAchtanna" "um" "Chomhionannas" "Fostaíochta" "," "tá" "an" "WRC" "i" "dteideal" "ordú" "a" "dhéanamh" "le" "haghaidh" "cúitimh" "i" "bhfoirm" "riaráistí" "luach" "saothair" ";" "ordú" "le" "haghaidh" "luach" "saothair" "comhionann" ";" "ordú" "le" "haghaidh" "cúitimh" "as" "idirdhealú" ";" "ordú" "um" "chóir" "chomhionann" ";" "ordú" "de" "chineál" "urghaire" ";" "agus" "ordú" "go" "ndéanfaidh" "fostóir" "gearánach" "a" "athfhruiliú" "," "i" "dteannta" "nó" "d" "’" "éagmais" "cúitimh" "."


Input: "12" "." "(" "6" ")" "Ní" "ligtear" "duine" "isteach" "mar" "oiliúnaí" "chun" "bheith" "ina" "chomhalta" "nó" "ina" "comhalta" "den" "fhórsa" "póilíneachta" "náisiúnta" "mura" "rud" "é" "go" "bhfuil" "an" "duine" "sin" "18" "mbliana" "ar" "a" "laghad" "," "ach" "faoi" "bhun" "35" "bliana" "d" "’" "aois" "," "ar" "an" "gcéad" "lá" "den" "mhí" "inar" "foilsíodh" "fógrán" "den" "chéad" "uair" "i" "nuachtán" "náisiúnta" "maidir" "leis" "an" "bhfolúntas" "lena" "mbaineann" "an" "cead" "isteach" "."


Input: "II" "." "Fíricí" "," "nós" "imeachta" "agus" "na" "ceisteanna" "a" "tarchuireadh"


Input: "13" "." "Idir" "2005" "agus" "2007" "," "rinne" "an" "tUasal" "Ronald" "Boyle" "," "an" "tUasal" "Brian" "Fitzpatrick" "agus" "an" "tUasal" "Gerard" "Cotter" "(" "‘" "na" "páirtithe" "fógra" "’" ")" "iarratas" "ar" "dhul" "isteach" "chun" "oiliúint" "mar" "chomhaltaí" "den" "Gharda" "Síochána" "(" "fórsa" "póilíneachta" "náisiúnta" "," "Éire" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O"


Input: "Diúltaíodh" "cead" "isteach" "ar" "an" "mbonn" "gur" "leagadh" "síos" "le" "rialacháin" "an" "Gharda" "Síochána" "an" "uasteorainn" "aoise" "le" "haghaidh" "iontrála" "mar" "oiliúnaí" "ag" "35" "bliana" "(" "‘" "an" "beart" "srianta" "aoise" "’" ")" "."


Input: "14" "." "Rinne" "na" "páirtithe" "fógra" "gearáin" "i" "gcoinne" "na" "ndiúltuithe" "sin" "faoi" "na" "hAchtanna" "um" "Chomhionannas" "Fostaíochta" "os" "comhair" "an" "Bhinse" "Comhionannais" "(" "an" "tráth" "sin" ")" "."


Input: "Líomhnaigh" "siad" "gurb" "ionann" "an" "beart" "srianta" "aoise" "agus" "cóir" "idirdhealaitheach" "i" "gcomhthéacs" "fostaíochta" "ar" "fhorais" "aoise" "."


Input: "15" "." "Murab" "ionann" "agus" "an" "méid" "a" "thugann" "a" "ainm" "le" "fios" "," "ní" "cúirt" "é" "an" "Binse" "Comhionannais" "," "ach" "comhlacht" "reachtúil" "."


Input: "Bhí" "sé" "inniúil" "déileáil" "le" "gearáin" "maidir" "le" "comhionannas" "fostaíochta" "go" "dtí" "2015" "."


Input: "Ó" "shin" "i" "leith" "," "ghlac" "an" "WRC" "leis" "an" "inniúlacht" "a" "bhí" "dílsithe" "don" "Bhinse" "Comhionannais" "."


Input: "16" "." "De" "réir" "na" "cúirte" "a" "rinne" "an" "tarchur" "," "forchoimeádann" "Airteagal" "34.3.2" "den" "Bhunreacht" "an" "inniúlacht" "do" "na" "cúirteanna" "an" "reachtaíocht" "náisiúnta" "a" "chur" "i" "bhfeidhm" "."


Input: "Dá" "bhrí" "sin" "," "níl" "aon" "dlínse" "ag" "an" "mBinse" "Comhionannais" "ná" "ag" "a" "chomharba" "," "an" "WRC" "," "ina" "gcáil" "mar" "chomhlachtaí" "reachtúla" "," "chun" "déileáil" "le" "cásanna" "ina" "n-éileofaí" "dífheidhmiú" "na" "reachtaíochta" "náisiúnta" "ar" "bhonn" "an" "dlí" "náisiúnta" "nó" "dhlí" "an" "AE" "chun" "leigheas" "éifeachtach" "a" "fháil" "."


Input: "17" "." "Sna" "himeachtaí" "os" "comhair" "an" "Bhinse" "Comhionannais" "," "d" "’" "ardaigh" "an" "tAire" "Dlí" "agus" "Cirt" "agus" "Comhionannais" "(" "‘" "an" "tAire" "’" ")" "ceist" "na" "dlínse" "."


Input: "Ós" "rud" "é" "gur" "mheas" "na" "páirtithe" "fógra" "go" "raibh" "an" "beart" "srianta" "aoise" "contrártha" "do" "Threoir" "2000" "/" "78" "agus" "do" "na" "hAchtanna" "um" "Chomhionannas" "Fostaíochta" "," "ba" "é" "a" "bhí" "i" "gceist" "leis" "an" "reachtaíocht" "lena" "dtrasuitear" "an" "treoir" "sin" "," "ná" "iarratas" "chun" "deireadh" "a" "chur" "leis" "an" "mbeart" "srianta" "aoise" "," "píosa" "reachtaíochta" "náisiúnta" "."


Input: "Agus" "é" "ag" "argóint" "nach" "raibh" "aon" "dlínse" "ag" "an" "mBinse" "Comhionannais" "reachtaíocht" "náisiúnta" "a" "chur" "i" "bhfeidhm" "," "d" "’" "iarr" "an" "tAire" "ar" "an" "mBinse" "Comhionannais" "déileáil" "leis" "an" "tsaincheist" "dlínse" "mar" "réamh-shaincheist" "," "sula" "ndéileálfaí" "leis" "an" "tsubstaint" "."


Input: "18" "." "Dhiúltaigh" "an" "Binse" "Comhionannais" "é" "sin" "a" "dhéanamh" "."


Input: "Ina" "ionad" "sin" "," "cuireadh" "tús" "le" "héisteacht" "don" "11" "Meitheamh" "2008" "," "ina" "rabhthas" "chun" "déileáil" "le" "saincheist" "na" "dlínse" "agus" "leis" "na" "saincheisteanna" "substainteacha" "maidir" "le" "hidirdhealú" "aoise" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "19" "." "Mar" "gheall" "ar" "dhiúltú" "an" "Bhinse" "Comhionannais" "breithniú" "a" "dhéanamh" "ar" "an" "tsaincheist" "dlínse" "mar" "réamh-shaincheist" "," "d" "’" "iarr" "an" "tAire" "athbhreithniú" "breithiúnach" "os" "comhair" "na" "hArd-Chúirte" "."


Input: "20" "." "Ar" "an" "gcéad" "dul" "síos" "," "d" "’" "iarr" "an" "tAire" "ar" "an" "Ard-Chúirt" "cosc" "a" "chur" "ar" "an" "mBinse" "Comhionannais" "leanúint" "ar" "aghaidh" "le" "himscrúdú" "ar" "ghearáin" "na" "bpáirtithe" "fógra" "."


Input: "Ar" "an" "dara" "dul" "síos" "," "d" "’" "iarr" "an" "tAire" "ar" "an" "Ard-Chúirt" "a" "dhearbhú" "nach" "raibh" "aon" "dlínse" "ag" "an" "mBinse" "Comhionannais" "chun" "na" "gearáin" "a" "bhreithniú" "."


Input: "21" "." "Rialaigh" "an" "Ard-Chúirt" "an" "17" "Feabhra" "2009" "nach" "raibh" "sé" "de" "chumhacht" "ag" "an" "mBinse" "Comhionannais" "," "faoin" "dlí" "náisiúnta" "," "dul" "ar" "aghaidh" "leis" "an" "éisteacht" "," "a" "ghlac" "go" "hintuigthe" "inniúlacht" "chun" "reachtaíocht" "náisiúnta" "," "amhail" "an" "beart" "srianta" "aoise" "," "a" "shárú" "nó" "a" "chur" "i" "bhfeidhm" "."


Input: "22" "." "Rinne" "an" "Binse" "Comhionannais" "achomharc" "chuig" "an" "gCúirt" "Uachtarach" "i" "gcoinne" "na" "breithe" "sin" "."


Input: "Faoin" "am" "ar" "tháinig" "an" "Chúirt" "Uachtarach" "chun" "an" "t-ábhar" "a" "bhreithniú" "," "tháinig" "an" "Binse" "Comhionannais" "chun" "bheith" "ina" "WRC" "."


Input: "23" "." "Thug" "an" "Chúirt" "Uachtarach" "breithiúnas" "uaidh" "an" "15" "Meitheamh" "2017" "(" "‘" "breithiúnas" "an" "15" "Meitheamh" "2017" "’" ")" "." "Cé" "gurbh" "iad" "Avondale" "rogha" "na" "coitianta" "tháinig" "buachaillí" "GCM" "le" "plean" "agus" "chuireadar" "I" "bhfeidhm" "é" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"