Input: "Le" "ministre" "a" "tout" "d" "’" "abord" "demandé" "à" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "d" "’" "interdire" "à" "l" "’" "Equality" "Tribunal" "(" "tribunal" "pour" "l" "’" "égalité" ")" "de" "poursuivre" "l" "’" "examen" "des" "recours" "des" "parties" "intervenantes" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

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Input: "Il" "lui" "a" "ensuite" "demandé" "de" "déclarer" "cet" "organe" "incompétent" "pour" "traiter" "les" "recours" "." "21" "."


Input: "Le" "17" "février" "2009" "," "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "a" "jugé" "qu" "’" "en" "vertu" "du" "droit" "national" "," "l" "’" "Equality" "Tribunal" "n" "’" "avait" "pas" "le" "pouvoir" "d" "’" "organiser" "une" "audience" "qui" "reconnaissait" "implicitement" "sa" "compétence" "pour" "écarter" "ou" "laisser" "inappliquée" "une" "disposition" "de" "droit" "national" "telle" "que" "la" "mesure" "de" "restriction" "fondée" "sur" "l" "’" "âge" "." "22" "."


Input: "L" "’" "Equality" "Tribunal" "(" "tribunal" "pour" "l" "’" "égalité" ")" "a" "formé" "un" "pourvoi" "contre" "cet" "arrêt" "devant" "la" "Supreme" "Court" "(" "Cour" "suprême" ")" "."

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Input: "Lorsque" "cette" "juridiction" "a" "commencé" "à" "examiner" "le" "pourvoi" "," "l" "’" "Equality" "Tribunal" "(" "tribunal" "pour" "l" "’" "égalité" ")" "était" "devenu" "la" "CRP" "." "23" "."

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Input: "La" "Supreme" "Court" "(" "Cour" "suprême" ")" "a" "rendu" "le" "15" "juin" "2017" "une" "décision" "(" "ci‑après" "la" "«" "décision" "du" "15" "juin" "2017" "»" ")" "(" "7" ")" "par" "laquelle" "elle" "a" "confirmé" "la" "conclusion" "de" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "selon" "laquelle" "la" "CRP" "n" "’" "est" "pas" "compétente" "pour" "décider" "de" "ne" "pas" "appliquer" "le" "droit" "national" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "Elle" "a" "toutefois" "ajouté" "que" "les" "affaires" "qui" "relèveraient" "normalement" "de" "la" "compétence" "de" "la" "CRP" "mais" "dans" "lesquelles" "cet" "organe" "administratif" "pourrait" "être" "tenu" "," "en" "vertu" "du" "droit" "national" "ou" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "," "de" "ne" "pas" "appliquer" "une" "législation" "nationale" "doivent" "être" "portées" "devant" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "." "24" "."


Input: "Éprouvant" "des" "doutes" "sur" "la" "compatibilité" "avec" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "de" "cette" "division" "de" "la" "compétence" "entre" "un" "organe" "établi" "par" "la" "loi" "et" "une" "juridiction" "," "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "a" "décidé" "de" "surseoir" "à" "statuer" "et" "de" "déférer" "à" "la" "Cour" "la" "question" "préjudicielle" "suivante" ":" "«" "Lorsque" "a" ")" "un" "organe" "national" "est" "établi" "par" "la" "loi" "et" "a" "une" "compétence" "générale" "pour" "," "entre" "autre" "," "garantir" "l" "’" "application" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "dans" "un" "domaine" "particulier" ";" "b" ")" "le" "droit" "national" "voudrait" "que" "cet" "organe" "ne" "soit" "pas" "compétent" "pour" "une" "catégorie" "restreinte" "de" "cas" "dans" "lesquels" "un" "recours" "effectif" "exigerait" "la" "non-application" "d" "’" "une" "règle" "nationale" "en" "vertu" "du" "droit" "national" "ou" "de" "l" "’" "Union" ";" "et" "que" "c" ")" "des" "juridictions" "nationales" "appropriées" "seraient" "compétentes" "pour" "prendre" "toute" "décision" "appropriée" "de" "non-application" "du" "droit" "national" "requise" "pour" "garantir" "le" "respect" "de" "la" "règle" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "en" "cause" "," "seraient" "compétentes" "pour" "traiter" "des" "affaires" "dans" "lesquelles" "un" "tel" "recours" "est" "nécessaire" "," "seraient" "compétentes" "," "dans" "ces" "affaires" "," "pour" "prononcer" "toute" "mesure" "requise" "par" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "et" "jugée" "conforme" "aux" "principes" "d" "’" "équivalence" "et" "d" "’" "effectivité" "dans" "la" "jurisprudence" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "," "l" "’" "organe" "établi" "par" "la" "loi" "doit-il" "toutefois" "être" "considéré" "comme" "étant" "compétent" "pour" "examiner" "un" "recours" "dirigé" "contre" "une" "règle" "de" "droit" "national" "à" "laquelle" "il" "est" "fait" "grief" "de" "violer" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "pertinent" "et" "," "s" "’" "il" "fait" "droit" "à" "ce" "recours" "," "doit‑il" "ne" "pas" "appliquer" "cette" "règle" "nationale" "bien" "que" "le" "droit" "national" "attribue" "compétence" "à" "une" "juridiction" "établie" "en" "vertu" "de" "la" "Constitution" "," "et" "non" "à" "l" "’" "organe" "en" "question" "," "dans" "toutes" "les" "affaires" "dans" "lesquelles" "la" "validité" "d" "’" "une" "règle" "est" "contestée" "pour" "quelque" "motif" "que" "ce" "soit" "ou" "dans" "lesquelles" "la" "non-application" "d" "’" "une" "règle" "est" "demandée" "?"


Input: "»" "25" "."


Input: "Le" "ministre" "et" "le" "commissaire" "de" "l" "’" "An" "Garda" "Síochána" "(" "police" "nationale" "," "Irlande" ")" "," "l" "’" "Irlande" "," "la" "CRP" "," "les" "première" "et" "troisième" "parties" "intervenantes" "," "le" "gouvernement" "tchèque" "et" "la" "Commission" "européenne" "ont" "présenté" "des" "observations" "écrites" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

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Input: "À" "l" "’" "exception" "du" "gouvernement" "tchèque" "," "ces" "parties" "ont" "également" "présenté" "des" "observations" "orales" "lors" "de" "l" "’" "audience" "tenue" "le" "5" "juin" "2018" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O"

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Input: "III" "."


Input: "Analyse" "26" "."


Input: "Avant" "d" "’" "examiner" "la" "question" "déférée" "," "je" "commencerai" "par" "me" "pencher" "brièvement" "sur" "la" "question" "de" "recevabilité" "soulevée" "par" "le" "gouvernement" "tchèque" "."


Input: "A" "."


Input: "Sur" "la" "recevabilité" "27" "."


Input: "Dans" "ses" "observations" "écrites" "," "le" "gouvernement" "tchèque" "soutient" "que" "la" "demande" "de" "décision" "préjudicielle" "devrait" "être" "déclarée" "irrecevable" "."


Input: "Selon" "lui" "," "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "n" "’" "a" "pas" "précisé" "les" "dispositions" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "78" "avec" "lesquelles" "la" "législation" "nationale" "en" "cause" "serait" "en" "conflit" ":" "au" "contraire" "," "le" "libellé" "de" "la" "question" "préjudicielle" "est" "tellement" "général" "qu" "’" "il" "ne" "présente" "aucun" "lien" "avec" "la" "directive" "ou" "d" "’" "autres" "dispositions" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "." "28" "."


Input: "C" "’" "est" "en" "effet" "exact" "."


Input: "Mais" "cela" "ne" "signifie" "pas" "que" "la" "demande" "est" "irrecevable" "." "29" "."


Input: "La" "Cour" "ne" "refuse" "de" "répondre" "à" "une" "question" "qui" "lui" "est" "déférée" "que" "lorsque" "l" "’" "interprétation" "sollicitée" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "n" "’" "a" "aucun" "rapport" "avec" "la" "réalité" "ou" "l" "’" "objet" "du" "litige" "au" "principal" "," "lorsque" "le" "problème" "est" "de" "nature" "hypothétique" "ou" "encore" "lorsque" "la" "Cour" "ne" "dispose" "pas" "des" "éléments" "de" "fait" "et" "de" "droit" "nécessaires" "pour" "répondre" "de" "façon" "utile" "aux" "questions" "qui" "lui" "sont" "posées" "(" "8" ")" "." "30" "."


Input: "En" "l" "’" "espèce" "," "il" "ressort" "clairement" "de" "l" "’" "ordonnance" "de" "renvoi" "que" "la" "question" "posée" "ne" "porte" "pas" "sur" "la" "compatibilité" "de" "la" "mesure" "de" "restriction" "fondée" "sur" "l" "’" "âge" "(" "ou" "de" "la" "règle" "de" "compétence" "en" "cause" ")" "avec" "des" "dispositions" "particulières" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "78" "."


Input: "Il" "est" "plutôt" "demandé" "à" "la" "Cour" "de" "clarifier" "une" "question" "de" "principe" "qui" "va" "bien" "au‑delà" "des" "dispositions" "de" "la" "directive" "."


Input: "Comme" "je" "l" "’" "ai" "déjà" "indiqué" "," "elle" "porte" "sur" "la" "compatibilité" "avec" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "d" "’" "une" "règle" "(" "constitutionnelle" ")" "qui" "divise" "la" "compétence" "entre" "un" "organe" "établi" "par" "la" "loi" "," "la" "CRP" "," "et" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "dans" "des" "affaires" "spécifiques" "," "en" "fonction" "de" "la" "nature" "du" "grief" "invoqué" "." "31" "."


Input: "En" "outre" "," "l" "’" "ordonnance" "de" "renvoi" "expose" "les" "éléments" "de" "fait" "et" "de" "droit" "nécessaires" "à" "la" "Cour" "pour" "répondre" "de" "façon" "utile" "à" "la" "question" "qui" "lui" "est" "posée" "."


Input: "Elle" "présente" "également" "de" "manière" "claire" "les" "raisons" "pour" "lesquelles" "le" "problème" "n" "’" "est" "ni" "hypothétique" "ni" "sans" "rapport" "avec" "la" "réalité" "du" "litige" "au" "principal" "." "32" "."


Input: "La" "demande" "de" "décision" "préjudicielle" "doit" "dès" "lors" "être" "déclarée" "recevable" "."


Input: "B" "."


Input: "Sur" "le" "fond" "33" "."


Input: "Lorsqu" "’" "elle" "a" "examiné" "si" "la" "CRP" "est" "compétente" "pour" "connaître" "des" "affaires" "dans" "lesquelles" "faire" "droit" "au" "recours" "exigerait" "de" "ne" "pas" "appliquer" "une" "règle" "nationale" "en" "vertu" "du" "droit" "national" "ou" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "," "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "a" "considéré" "que" "," "conformément" "au" "droit" "constitutionnel" "irlandais" "," "le" "pouvoir" "de" "ne" "pas" "appliquer" "ou" "d" "’" "écarter" "une" "disposition" "du" "droit" "primaire" "ou" "dérivé" "est" "en" "principe" "réservé" "aux" "juridictions" "ordinaires" "." "34" "."


Input: "En" "effet" "," "à" "moins" "que" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "n" "’" "en" "dispose" "autrement" "," "les" "règles" "de" "compétence" "doivent" "être" "interprétées" "à" "la" "lumière" "de" "l" "’" "exigence" "fondamentale" "," "énoncée" "à" "l" "’" "article" "34" "de" "la" "Constitution" "," "que" "la" "justice" "soit" "rendue" "par" "des" "tribunaux" "établis" "selon" "les" "modalités" "prévues" "par" "cette" "même" "Constitution" "." "35" "."


Input: "À" "cet" "égard" "," "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "a" "également" "relevé" "que" "l" "’" "article" "37" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "de" "la" "Constitution" "permet" "," "à" "titre" "exceptionnel" "," "qu" "’" "une" "loi" "autorise" "une" "personne" "ou" "un" "organe" "à" "exercer" "des" "«" "pouvoirs" "et" "[" "…" "]" "fonctions" "limités" "de" "nature" "judiciaire" "»" "dans" "des" "matières" "autres" "que" "les" "affaires" "pénales" "."


Input: "En" "vertu" "du" "droit" "irlandais" "," "une" "loi" "peut" "donc" "conférer" "des" "pouvoirs" "de" "nature" "judiciaire" "à" "un" "organe" "établi" "par" "la" "loi" "," "pour" "autant" "que" "ces" "pouvoirs" "soient" "limités" "." "36" "."


Input: "La" "CRP" "est" "un" "organe" "établi" "par" "la" "loi" "qui" "exerce" "des" "fonctions" "juridictionnelles" "limitées" "."


Input: "Conformément" "aux" "lois" "sur" "l" "’" "égalité" "en" "matière" "d" "’" "emploi" "," "les" "plaignants" "doivent" "s" "’" "adresser" "à" "la" "CRP" "afin" "qu" "’" "elle" "examine" "," "en" "première" "instance" "," "les" "plaintes" "portant" "sur" "une" "discrimination" "en" "matière" "d" "’" "emploi" "(" "9" ")" "."


Input: "Plus" "précisément" "," "la" "CRP" "traite" "les" "plaintes" "portant" "sur" "la" "violation" "(" "par" "les" "employeurs" "et" "fournisseurs" "de" "services" ")" "de" "la" "législation" "en" "matière" "d" "’" "emploi" "," "d" "’" "égalité" "et" "d" "’" "égalité" "de" "traitement" "ainsi" "que" "les" "litiges" "concernant" "les" "droits" "qui" "en" "découlent" "."


Input: "Lorsque" "la" "CRP" "est" "saisie" "d" "’" "une" "plainte" "," "son" "directeur" "général" "commence" "par" "examiner" "si" "l" "’" "affaire" "peut" "être" "transmise" "à" "un" "«" "mediation" "officer" "»" "(" "agent" "de" "médiation" ")" "et" "faire" "l" "’" "objet" "d" "’" "une" "médiation" "entre" "les" "parties" "concernées" "."


Input: "Si" "tel" "n" "’" "est" "pas" "le" "cas" "," "le" "directeur" "général" "transmet" "le" "dossier" "à" "un" "«" "adjudication" "officer" "»" "(" "agent" "d" "’" "arbitrage" ")" "qui" "tranchera" "le" "litige" "(" "10" ")" "." "37" "."


Input: "Dans" "la" "décision" "du" "15" "juin" "2017" "," "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "conclut" "," "en" "ce" "qui" "concerne" "la" "question" "de" "compétence" "qui" "lui" "est" "soumise" "," "qu" "’" "en" "vertu" "du" "droit" "national" "," "la" "CRP" "n" "’" "est" "pas" "compétente" "pour" "laisser" "une" "règle" "de" "droit" "national" "inappliquée" "."


Input: "En" "effet" "," "aucune" "loi" "ne" "lui" "a" "conféré" "ce" "pouvoir" "."


Input: "La" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "considère" "également" "que" "ce" "pouvoir" "ne" "saurait" "être" "conféré" "de" "manière" "implicite" "." "38" "."


Input: "Elle" "conclut" "dès" "lors" "qu" "’" "à" "la" "lumière" "des" "exigences" "constitutionnelles" "de" "l" "’" "ordre" "juridique" "irlandais" "," "en" "principe" "," "les" "affaires" "qui" "requièrent" "de" "ne" "pas" "appliquer" "une" "disposition" "de" "droit" "national" "ne" "relèvent" "pas" "de" "la" "compétence" "de" "la" "CRP" "."


Input: "Au" "lieu" "de" "s" "’" "adresser" "à" "la" "CRP" "," "les" "plaignants" "doivent" "directement" "former" "un" "recours" "devant" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "qui" "a" "compétence" "pour" "examiner" "ces" "affaires" "." "39" "."


Input: "La" "répartition" "de" "la" "compétence" "entre" "la" "CRP" "et" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "est" "fondée" "sur" "la" "solution" "éventuellement" "nécessaire" "pour" "mettre" "fin" "à" "la" "discrimination" "alléguée" "."


Input: "Plus" "précisément" "," "la" "CRP" "n" "’" "est" "pas" "compétente" "pour" "examiner" "un" "recours" "lorsque" "l" "’" "affaire" "implique" "(" "s" "’" "il" "est" "fait" "droit" "au" "recours" ")" "de" "ne" "pas" "appliquer" "une" "disposition" "de" "droit" "national" "primaire" "ou" "dérivé" "." "40" "."


Input: "La" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "dispose" "de" "la" "compétence" "exclusive" "pour" "connaître" "de" "telles" "affaires" "."


Input: "Dès" "lors" "," "des" "plaignants" "," "tels" "que" "les" "parties" "intervenantes" "," "qui" "s" "’" "estiment" "lésés" "par" "un" "acte" "législatif" "(" "ou" "dont" "le" "recours" "pourrait" "impliquer" "de" "ne" "pas" "appliquer" "une" "loi" "nationale" ")" "," "doivent" "entamer" "une" "«" "procédure" "de" "contrôle" "juridictionnel" "»" "devant" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "afin" "d" "’" "obtenir" "la" "non-application" "d" "’" "une" "disposition" "de" "droit" "national" "réputée" "contraire" "à" "une" "norme" "supérieure" "(" "en" "l" "’" "espèce" "," "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "78" ")" "." "41" "."


Input: "Mais" "cette" "division" "de" "la" "compétence" "entre" "la" "CRP" "et" "la" "High" "Court" "est-elle" "conforme" "au" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "?"


Input: "42" "."


Input: "Cette" "question" "," "qui" "est" "posée" "à" "la" "Cour" "à" "titre" "préjudiciel" "," "touche" "clairement" "aux" "limites" "de" "l" "’" "autonomie" "procédurale" "des" "États" "membres" "."


Input: "Elle" "requiert" "toutefois" "d" "’" "examiner" "tout" "d" "’" "abord" "le" "principe" "constitutionnel" "de" "primauté" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "et" "l" "’" "obligation" "," "qui" "en" "fait" "partie" "intégrante" "," "qui" "est" "faite" "à" "tous" "les" "organes" "de" "l" "’" "État" "membre" "d" "’" "assurer" "la" "pleine" "effectivité" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "dans" "le" "cadre" "de" "leurs" "compétences" "respectives" "." "43" "."


Input: "Avant" "d" "’" "aborder" "ces" "sujets" "," "il" "convient" "de" "souligner" "d" "’" "emblée" "que" "la" "question" "," "telle" "que" "posée" "," "ne" "demande" "pas" "explicitement" "à" "la" "Cour" "d" "’" "interpréter" "le" "principe" "de" "l" "’" "autonomie" "procédurale" "ni" "les" "principes" "corollaires" "d" "’" "équivalence" "et" "d" "’" "effectivité" "."


Input: "Au" "contraire" "," "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "indique" "qu" "’" "elle" "a" "déjà" "conclu" "," "à" "la" "lumière" "de" "la" "jurisprudence" "de" "la" "Cour" "," "que" "la" "règle" "de" "compétence" "respecte" "ces" "principes" "."


Input: "La" "Supreme" "Court" "of" "Ireland" "(" "Cour" "suprême" "d" "’" "Irlande" ")" "demande" "en" "substance" "à" "la" "Cour" "de" "préciser" "si" "," "en" "dépit" "du" "respect" "de" "ces" "principes" "," "la" "règle" "de" "compétence" "est" "contraire" "au" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "." "44" "."


Input: "Compte" "tenu" "de" "la" "répartition" "des" "tâches" "entre" "la" "Cour" "et" "les" "juridictions" "nationales" "dans" "le" "cadre" "de" "la" "procédure" "préjudicielle" "au" "titre" "de" "l" "’" "article" "267" "TFUE" "," "il" "me" "semble" "que" "c" "’" "est" "(" "avant" "tout" ")" "dans" "ce" "contexte" "qu" "’" "il" "convient" "d" "’" "examiner" "la" "question" "posée" "." "1" "."


Input: "L" "’" "interaction" "entre" "le" "principe" "de" "primauté" "et" "l" "’" "autonomie" "procédurale" "des" "États" "membres" "45" "."


Input: "Il" "est" "certes" "possible" "que" "la" "distinction" "entre" "l" "’" "acte" "consistant" "à" "laisser" "une" "disposition" "inappliquée" "et" "celui" "d" "’" "annuler" "une" "disposition" "apparaisse" "parfois" "comme" "purement" "théorique" "."


Input: "Il" "se" "peut" "également" "que" "," "du" "point" "de" "vue" "d" "’" "un" "régime" "juridique" "national" "particulier" "," "aucune" "réelle" "différence" "ne" "puisse" "être" "établie" "entre" "les" "deux" "(" "11" ")" "."


Input: "Néanmoins" "," "en" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "," "la" "distinction" "entre" "l" "’" "obligation" "de" "ne" "pas" "appliquer" "une" "disposition" "de" "droit" "national" "(" "parce" "qu" "’" "elle" "est" "en" "conflit" "avec" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" ")" "dans" "un" "cas" "particulier" "et" "l" "’" "obligation" "d" "’" "annuler" "une" "telle" "disposition" "qui" "a" "pour" "effet" "," "plus" "large" "," "de" "priver" "cette" "disposition" "de" "toute" "validité" "(" "ex" "tunc" "ou" "ex" "nunc" ")" "est" "importante" "." "46" "."


Input: "La" "jurisprudence" "issue" "de" "l" "’" "arrêt" "Simmenthal" "qui" "établit" "le" "principe" "constitutionnel" "de" "primauté" "et" "qui" "souligne" "le" "rôle" "que" "jouent" "les" "juridictions" "et" "les" "autorités" "administratives" "en" "assurant" "le" "plein" "effet" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "," "s" "’" "appuie" "sur" "cette" "distinction" "(" "12" ")" "."


Input: "Cette" "dernière" "repose" "sur" "l" "’" "architecture" "décentralisée" "du" "système" "juridique" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "qui" "laisse" "à" "chaque" "État" "membre" "le" "soin" "de" "définir" "les" "procédures" "appropriées" "pour" "demander" "réparation" "de" "la" "violation" "de" "droits" "tirés" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "et" "," "plus" "important" "encore" "," "de" "définir" "les" "institutions" "investies" "de" "la" "compétence" "d" "’" "annuler" "(" "ou" "d" "’" "invalider" ")" "des" "dispositions" "législatives" "." "a" ")" "La" "nécessité" "d" "’" "assurer" "le" "plein" "effet" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" ":" "l" "’" "obligation" "faite" "à" "tous" "les" "organes" "de" "l" "’" "État" "de" "laisser" "inappliquées" "les" "dispositions" "nationales" "en" "conflit" "avec" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "47" "."


Input: "La" "jurisprudence" "issue" "de" "l" "’" "arrêt" "Simmenthal" "(" "13" ")" "porte" "sur" "la" "non-application" "de" "la" "législation" "ou" "," "plus" "précisément" "," "sur" "l" "’" "obligation" "pour" "les" "organes" "de" "l" "’" "État" "de" "laisser" "inappliquées" "les" "dispositions" "de" "droit" "national" "qui" "sont" "en" "conflit" "avec" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "," "un" "corollaire" "inévitable" "de" "la" "doctrine" "constitutionnelle" "de" "l" "’" "effet" "direct" "établie" "dans" "l" "’" "arrêt" "van" "Gend" "&" "Loos" "(" "14" ")" "."


Input: "Outre" "le" "fait" "qu" "’" "elle" "a" "posé" "le" "fondement" "d" "’" "un" "réseau" "de" "juridictions" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "," "dans" "l" "’" "arrêt" "Simmenthal" "," "la" "Cour" "a" "fait" "la" "désormais" "célèbre" "constatation" "suivante" ":" "«" "21" "." "[" "…" "]" "tout" "juge" "national" "," "saisi" "dans" "le" "cadre" "de" "sa" "compétence" "," "a" "l" "’" "obligation" "d" "’" "appliquer" "intégralement" "le" "droit" "communautaire" "et" "de" "protéger" "les" "droits" "que" "celui-ci" "confère" "aux" "particuliers" "," "en" "laissant" "inappliquée" "toute" "disposition" "éventuellement" "contraire" "de" "la" "loi" "nationale" "," "que" "celle-ci" "soit" "antérieure" "ou" "postérieure" "à" "la" "règle" "communautaire" ";" "22" "."


Input: "que" "serait" "," "dès" "lors" "," "incompatible" "avec" "les" "exigences" "inhérentes" "à" "la" "nature" "même" "du" "droit" "communautaire" "toute" "disposition" "d" "’" "un" "ordre" "juridique" "national" "ou" "toute" "pratique" "," "législative" "," "administrative" "oujudiciaire" "," "qui" "aurait" "pour" "effet" "de" "diminuer" "l" "’" "efficacité" "du" "droit" "communautaire" "par" "le" "fait" "de" "refuser" "au" "juge" "compétent" "pour" "appliquer" "ce" "droit" "," "le" "pouvoir" "de" "faire" "," "au" "moment" "même" "de" "cette" "application" "," "tout" "ce" "qui" "est" "nécessaire" "pour" "écarter" "les" "dispositions" "législatives" "nationales" "formant" "éventuellement" "obstacle" "à" "la" "pleine" "efficacité" "des" "normes" "communautaires" ";" "23" "."


Input: "que" "tel" "serait" "le" "cas" "si" "," "dans" "l" "’" "hypothèse" "d" "’" "une" "contrariété" "entre" "une" "disposition" "du" "droit" "communautaire" "et" "une" "loi" "nationale" "postérieure" "," "la" "solution" "de" "ce" "conflit" "était" "réservée" "à" "une" "autorité" "autre" "que" "le" "juge" "appelé" "à" "assurer" "l" "’" "application" "du" "droit" "communautaire" "," "investie" "d" "’" "un" "pouvoir" "d" "’" "appréciation" "propre" "," "même" "si" "l" "’" "obstacle" "résultant" "ainsi" "pour" "la" "pleine" "efficacité" "de" "ce" "droit" "n" "’" "était" "que" "temporaire" ";" "24" "." "[" "…" "]" "donc" "[" "…" "]" "le" "juge" "national" "chargé" "d" "’" "appliquer" "," "dans" "le" "cadre" "de" "sa" "compétence" "," "les" "dispositions" "du" "droit" "communautaire" "," "a" "l" "’" "obligation" "d" "’" "assurer" "le" "plein" "effet" "de" "ces" "normes" "en" "laissant" "au" "besoin" "inappliquée" "," "de" "sa" "propre" "autorité" "," "toute" "disposition" "contraire" "de" "la" "législation" "nationale" "," "même" "postérieure" "," "sans" "qu" "’" "il" "ait" "à" "demander" "ou" "à" "attendre" "l" "’" "élimination" "préalable" "de" "celle-ci" "par" "voie" "législative" "ou" "par" "tout" "autre" "procédé" "constitutionnel" "»" "(" "15" ")" "." "48" "."


Input: "En" "d" "’" "autres" "termes" "," "l" "’" "arrêt" "Simmenthal" "portait" "(" "entre" "autres" "questions" "d" "’" "une" "importance" "constitutionnelle" "fondamentale" ")" "sur" "les" "pouvoirs" "d" "’" "une" "juridiction" "inférieure" "de" "ne" "pas" "appliquer" "une" "disposition" "du" "droit" "national" "contraire" "au" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "sans" "attendre" "qu" "’" "une" "juridiction" "supérieure" "écarte" "cette" "disposition" "(" "16" ")" "." "49" "."


Input: "La" "jurisprudence" "ultérieure" "de" "la" "Cour" "a" "toutefois" "précisé" "que" "cette" "obligation" "pèse" "également" "sur" "d" "’" "autres" "organes" "de" "l" "’" "État" "," "notamment" "sur" "les" "autorités" "administratives" "."


Input: "Dans" "l" "’" "arrêt" "Costanzo" "(" "17" ")" "," "la" "Cour" "a" "considéré" "que" "tout" "comme" "les" "juges" "nationaux" "," "les" "administrations" "ont" "l" "’" "obligation" "d" "’" "appliquer" "les" "dispositions" "d" "’" "une" "directive" "ayant" "un" "effet" "direct" "."


Input: "La" "Cour" "a" "jugé" "que" "lorsque" "les" "conditions" "requises" "pour" "que" "les" "dispositions" "d" "’" "une" "directive" "puissent" "être" "invoquées" "par" "les" "particuliers" "devant" "les" "juridictions" "nationales" "sont" "remplies" "," "tous" "les" "organes" "de" "l" "’" "administration" "," "y" "compris" "les" "communes" "," "sont" "tenus" "de" "faire" "application" "de" "ces" "dispositions" "et" "d" "’" "écarter" "l" "’" "application" "des" "dispositions" "du" "droit" "national" "qui" "n" "’" "y" "sont" "pas" "conformes" "(" "18" ")" "." "50" "."


Input: "L" "’" "arrêt" "CIF" "(" "19" ")" "portait" "," "entre" "autres" "," "sur" "la" "compétence" "(" "contestée" ")" "de" "l" "’" "autorité" "italienne" "de" "la" "concurrence" "de" "ne" "pas" "appliquer" "une" "législation" "nationale" "qui" "imposait" "ou" "favorisait" "un" "comportement" "contraire" "à" "l" "’" "article" "81" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "CE" "(" "devenu" "l" "’" "article" "101" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "TFUE" ")" "."


Input: "Les" "entreprises" "qui" "avaient" "fait" "l" "’" "objet" "d" "’" "une" "enquête" "soutenaient" "que" "l" "’" "autorité" "avait" "l" "’" "obligation" "d" "’" "appliquer" "cette" "législation" "nationale" "et" "qu" "’" "elle" "ne" "pouvait" "pas" "la" "laisser" "inappliquée" "."


Input: "L" "’" "autorité" "de" "la" "concurrence" "elle-même" "faisait" "valoir" "que" "le" "pouvoir" "de" "constater" "que" "cette" "législation" "était" "contraire" "au" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "découlait" "des" "principes" "de" "l" "’" "effet" "direct" "et" "de" "la" "primauté" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "." "51" "."


Input: "C" "’" "est" "dans" "ce" "contexte" "que" "la" "Cour" "a" "réaffirmé" "que" "le" "devoir" "de" "laisser" "inappliquée" "une" "législation" "nationale" "contraire" "au" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "incombe" "à" "tous" "les" "organes" "de" "l" "’" "État" "," "en" "ce" "compris" "les" "autorités" "administratives" "."


Input: "Ce" "devoir" "implique" "," "le" "cas" "échéant" "," "l" "’" "obligation" "de" "prendre" "toutes" "dispositions" "pour" "faciliter" "la" "réalisation" "du" "plein" "effet" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "(" "20" ")" "." "52" "."


Input: "La" "Cour" "a" "ensuite" "souligné" "qu" "’" "une" "autorité" "nationale" "de" "la" "concurrence" "est" "investie" "de" "la" "mission" "de" "veiller" "au" "respect" "de" "l" "’" "article" "81" "CE" "."


Input: "Cette" "disposition" "," "combinée" "avec" "l" "’" "article" "10" "CE" "(" "devenu" "l" "’" "article" "4" "," "paragraphe" "3" "," "TUE" ")" "impose" "aux" "États" "membres" "de" "s" "’" "abstenir" "d" "’" "adopter" "des" "mesures" "contraires" "aux" "règles" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "en" "matière" "de" "concurrence" "."


Input: "L" "’" "effet" "utile" "de" "ces" "règles" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "serait" "amoindri" "si" "l" "’" "autorité" "nationale" "de" "la" "concurrence" "ne" "pouvait" "pas" "constater" "qu" "’" "une" "mesure" "nationale" "est" "contraire" "aux" "dispositions" "de" "l" "’" "article" "81" "CE" "(" "et" "de" "l" "’" "article" "10" "CE" ")" "et" "si" "," "en" "conséquence" "," "elle" "ne" "la" "laissait" "pas" "inappliquée" "(" "21" ")" "." "53" "."


Input: "La" "jurisprudence" "mentionnée" "ci-dessus" "indique" "clairement" "qu" "’" "il" "est" "indifférent" "que" "le" "système" "juridique" "national" "accorde" "à" "l" "’" "organe" "de" "l" "’" "État" "concerné" "le" "pouvoir" "de" "ne" "pas" "appliquer" "une" "disposition" "de" "droit" "national" "contraire" "au" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "."


Input: "Quoi" "qu" "’" "il" "en" "soit" "," "cet" "organe" "est" "tenu" "de" "le" "faire" "lorsque" "cela" "s" "’" "avère" "nécessaire" "pour" "donner" "plein" "effet" "au" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "." "54" "."


Input: "Il" "faut" "toutefois" "souligner" "que" "," "conformément" "au" "dispositif" "de" "l" "’" "arrêt" "Simmenthal" "," "cette" "obligation" "n" "’" "existe" "que" "lorsque" "l" "’" "organe" "en" "question" "agit" "dans" "le" "cadre" "de" "sa" "compétence" "(" "dans" "le" "cadre" "du" "droit" "national" ")" "(" "22" ")" "." "55" "."


Input: "En" "ce" "qui" "concerne" "plus" "particulièrement" "les" "juridictions" "nationales" "," "la" "Cour" "a" "indiqué" "explicitement" "que" "l" "’" "obligation" "de" "laisser" "la" "législation" "nationale" "inappliquée" "est" "limitée" "par" "la" "compétence" "conférée" "à" "la" "juridiction" "à" "laquelle" "il" "est" "demandé" "d" "’" "appliquer" "des" "dispositions" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "."


Input: "Cette" "affirmation" "suggère" "," "d" "’" "une" "part" "," "que" "la" "Cour" "est" "attentive" "à" "la" "liberté" "que" "devraient" "conserver" "les" "États" "membres" "pour" "définir" "," "dans" "le" "respect" "de" "leurs" "traditions" "constitutionnelles" "," "leur" "structure" "juridictionnelle" "et" "administrative" "."


Input: "D" "’" "autre" "part" "," "elle" "traduit" "un" "respect" "des" "divers" "systèmes" "constitutionnels" "qui" "," "ensemble" "," "constituent" "le" "fondement" "du" "système" "juridique" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "." "56" "."


Input: "En" "définitive" "," "cette" "jurisprudence" "vise" "donc" "à" "garantir" "qu" "’" "un" "organe" "d" "’" "un" "État" "membre" "," "qui" "agit" "dans" "le" "cadre" "de" "la" "structure" "juridictionnelle" "et" "/" "ou" "administrative" "de" "cet" "État" "," "puisse" "protéger" "adéquatement" "les" "droits" "qu" "’" "un" "individu" "tire" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "et" "ainsi" "assurer" "le" "plein" "effet" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "." "b" ")" "L" "’" "obligation" "d" "’" "assurer" "la" "pleine" "effectivité" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "dans" "les" "limites" "de" "la" "compétence" "conférée" "à" "l" "’" "organe" "concerné" "57" "."


Input: "La" "CRP" "est" "l" "’" "organe" "auquel" "le" "législateur" "irlandais" "a" "confié" "la" "mission" "spécifique" "d" "’" "assurer" "le" "respect" "des" "obligations" "qui" "découlent" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "78" "," "conformément" "à" "l" "’" "article" "9" "," "paragraphe" "1" "," "de" "cette" "directive" "."


Input: "Elle" "est" "d" "’" "ordinaire" "compétente" "pour" "connaître" "des" "recours" "portant" "sur" "la" "discrimination" "en" "matière" "d" "’" "emploi" "." "58" "."


Input: "Il" "pourrait" "dès" "lors" "être" "soutenu" "que" "le" "principe" "de" "primauté" "," "énoncé" "par" "la" "Cour" "," "d" "’" "une" "manière" "alors" "novatrice" "," "dans" "l" "’" "arrêt" "Simmenthal" "," "implique" "que" "la" "CRP" "doit" "pouvoir" "laisser" "inappliquées" "les" "dispositions" "d" "’" "une" "loi" "nationale" "qui" "lui" "semblent" "contraires" "à" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "78" "(" "en" "l" "’" "espèce" "," "la" "mesure" "de" "restriction" "fondée" "sur" "l" "’" "âge" ")" "."


Input: "C" "’" "est" "en" "substance" "ce" "que" "soutiennent" "la" "CRP" "," "les" "première" "et" "troisième" "parties" "intervenantes" "et" "la" "Commission" "." "59" "."


Input: "Cette" "approche" "présente" "un" "certain" "attrait" "."


Input: "Pourtant" "," "je" "ne" "suis" "pas" "persuadé" "qu" "’" "il" "faille" "la" "suivre" "." "60" "."


Input: "À" "ce" "stade" "," "il" "est" "essentiel" "de" "souligner" "que" "l" "’" "importance" "constitutionnelle" "de" "la" "primauté" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "en" "tant" "que" "principe" "fondamental" "du" "système" "juridique" "propre" "à" "l" "’" "Union" "ne" "doit" "pas" "être" "sous-estimée" "."


Input: "Compte" "tenu" "de" "son" "importance" "fondamentale" "," "la" "primauté" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "n" "’" "admet" "aucune" "exception" "."


Input: "En" "effet" "," "accepter" "qu" "’" "il" "soit" "dérogé" "à" "la" "primauté" "porterait" "préjudice" "au" "socle" "sur" "lequel" "a" "été" "érigé" "le" "système" "juridique" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "." "61" "."


Input: "Il" "me" "paraît" "donc" "évident" "que" "toute" "règle" "nationale" "(" "constitutionnelle" "ou" "autre" ")" "qui" "," "de" "manière" "générale" "," "ne" "permet" "qu" "’" "aux" "juridictions" "de" "laisser" "inappliquées" "des" "dispositions" "du" "droit" "national" "est" "manifestement" "contraire" "au" "principe" "de" "primauté" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "énoncé" "par" "la" "Cour" "," "notamment" "dans" "les" "arrêts" "Simmenthal" "et" "Costanzo" "."


Input: "En" "effet" "," "il" "ne" "fait" "aucun" "doute" "qu" "’" "une" "telle" "règle" "contrasterait" "fortement" "avec" "la" "règle" "établie" "par" "la" "Cour" "selon" "laquelle" "tous" "les" "organes" "de" "l" "’" "administration" "sont" "tenus" "d" "’" "appliquer" "les" "dispositions" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "qui" "ont" "un" "effet" "direct" "et" "de" "laisser" "inappliquées" "les" "dispositions" "nationales" "qui" "seraient" "en" "conflit" "avec" "elles" "(" "23" ")" "." "62" "."


Input: "Un" "examen" "plus" "attentif" "montre" "toutefois" "que" "la" "présente" "affaire" "se" "distingue" "de" "la" "jurisprudence" "issue" "de" "l" "’" "arrêt" "Simmenthal" "."


Input: "En" "effet" "," "la" "règle" "de" "compétence" "en" "cause" "dans" "la" "procédure" "au" "principal" "ne" "remet" "pas" "en" "question" "la" "primauté" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "ni" "," "par" "extension" "," "sa" "pleine" "effectivité" "." "63" "."


Input: "Cette" "affaire" "porte" "sur" "la" "question" "de" "savoir" "si" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "définit" "les" "organes" "judiciaires" "qui" "doivent" "être" "compétents" "pour" "traiter" "une" "catégorie" "particulière" "d" "’" "affaires" "." "64" "."


Input: "La" "présente" "affaire" "diffère" "de" "la" "situation" "où" "une" "limitation" "est" "apportée" "aux" "compétences" "respectives" "d" "’" "une" "juridiction" "ayant" "la" "compétence" "matérielle" "d" "’" "examiner" "une" "affaire" "," "comme" "dans" "l" "’" "affaire" "Simmenthal" "," "ou" "d" "’" "une" "administration" "ayant" "indubitablement" "la" "compétence" "exclusive" "pour" "prendre" "une" "décision" "administrative" "," "comme" "dans" "l" "’" "affaire" "Costanzo" "," "pour" "donner" "plein" "effet" "au" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "et" "donc" "," "le" "cas" "échéant" "," "pour" "résoudre" "de" "manière" "efficace" "un" "litige" "portant" "sur" "une" "violation" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "." "65" "."


Input: "Elle" "diffère" "également" "de" "la" "situation" "à" "l" "’" "origine" "de" "l" "’" "arrêt" "CIF" "(" "une" "variante" "de" "la" "situation" "décrite" "ci-dessus" ")" "," "dans" "laquelle" "une" "autorité" "nationale" "n" "’" "avait" "pas" "explicitement" "le" "pouvoir" "de" "laisser" "inappliquée" "une" "législation" "nationale" "en" "conflit" "avec" "les" "règles" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "en" "matière" "de" "concurrence" "dont" "elle" "devait" "assurer" "le" "respect" "." "66" "."


Input: "Il" "y" "a" "lieu" "de" "souligner" "que" "la" "présente" "affaire" "porte" "sur" "une" "situation" "où" "la" "loi" "nationale" "," "telle" "qu" "’" "elle" "est" "interprétée" "par" "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "," "divise" "la" "compétence" "matérielle" "dans" "des" "affaires" "spécifiques" "entre" "la" "CRP" "et" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "en" "réservant" "à" "cette" "dernière" "la" "compétence" "exclusive" "pour" "traiter" "des" "affaires" "dans" "lesquelles" "la" "validité" "d" "’" "un" "acte" "législatif" "est" "contestée" "ou" "qui" "nécessitent" "de" "laisser" "cet" "acte" "législatif" "inappliqué" "." "67" "."


Input: "Dans" "ce" "contexte" "procédural" "très" "spécifique" "," "il" "me" "semble" "qu" "’" "il" "faut" "se" "montrer" "prudent" "avant" "de" "tracer" "un" "parallèle" "avec" "la" "ligne" "jurisprudentielle" "issue" "de" "l" "’" "arrêt" "Simmenthal" "." "68" "."


Input: "Comme" "il" "a" "déjà" "été" "indiqué" "," "la" "logique" "de" "cette" "jurisprudence" "repose" "sur" "la" "nécessité" "d" "’" "assurer" "la" "pleine" "effectivité" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "et" "," "en" "particulier" "," "de" "permettre" "à" "toute" "personne" "d" "’" "obtenir" "que" "les" "droits" "qu" "’" "elle" "tire" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "soient" "effectivement" "protégés" "par" "un" "organe" "administratif" "ou" "une" "juridiction" "compétents" "pour" "examiner" "l" "’" "affaire" "."


Input: "Afin" "d" "’" "assurer" "cette" "protection" "," "tous" "les" "organes" "de" "l" "’" "État" "doivent" "également" "avoir" "le" "pouvoir" "de" "laisser" "inappliquée" "une" "disposition" "de" "droit" "national" "," "même" "lorsque" "le" "système" "juridique" "national" "ne" "leur" "confère" "pas" "ce" "pouvoir" "."


Input: "Il" "serait" "problématique" "du" "point" "de" "vue" "de" "la" "pleine" "effectivité" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "s" "’" "il" "fallait" "d" "’" "abord" "demander" "à" "une" "juridiction" "(" "supérieure" ")" "de" "déclarer" "la" "disposition" "en" "cause" "incompatible" "avec" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "ou" "de" "l" "’" "annuler" "." "69" "."


Input: "La" "jurisprudence" "de" "la" "Cour" "assure" "donc" "que" "les" "juridictions" "et" "les" "autorités" "amenées" "à" "appliquer" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "puissent" "pleinement" "le" "faire" "," "dans" "le" "cadre" "de" "leurs" "domaines" "de" "compétence" "respectifs" "." "70" "."


Input: "En" "revanche" "," "la" "jurisprudence" "ne" "cherche" "pas" "," "selon" "moi" "," "à" "interférer" "dans" "la" "répartition" "des" "compétences" "entre" "les" "juridictions" "(" "et" "/" "ou" "les" "organes" "administratifs" ")" "."


Input: "Elle" "ne" "permet" "pas" "à" "une" "juridiction" "(" "ni" "," "a" "fortiori" "," "à" "un" "organe" "administratif" ")" "d" "’" "ignorer" "les" "règles" "de" "compétence" "au" "nom" "de" "la" "pleine" "effectivité" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "."


Input: "Cela" "résulte" "essentiellement" "de" "l" "’" "autonomie" "considérable" "dont" "bénéficient" "les" "États" "membres" "pour" "définir" "des" "règles" "de" "procédure" "," "telles" "que" "celles" "portant" "sur" "la" "désignation" "de" "l" "’" "autorité" "ou" "de" "la" "juridiction" "compétente" "dans" "certaines" "catégories" "d" "’" "affaires" "," "pour" "autant" "que" "les" "principes" "d" "’" "équivalence" "et" "d" "’" "effectivité" "soient" "respectés" "(" "24" ")" "." "71" "."


Input: "Selon" "moi" "," "un" "organe" "administratif" "ou" "une" "juridiction" "ne" "peut" "être" "tenu" "de" "laisser" "inappliquée" "une" "disposition" "de" "droit" "national" "," "afin" "de" "donner" "plein" "effet" "au" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "," "que" "s" "’" "il" "a" "été" "établi" "qu" "’" "il" "dispose" "de" "la" "compétence" "matérielle" "pour" "examiner" "l" "’" "affaire" "(" "ou" "," "en" "ce" "qui" "concerne" "les" "autorités" "au" "sens" "large" "," "de" "prendre" "une" "décision" "dans" "cette" "matière" ")" "." "72" "."


Input: "Toutes" "les" "parties" "semblent" "admettre" "que" "," "du" "point" "de" "vue" "du" "droit" "constitutionnel" "national" "," "la" "CRP" "ne" "dispose" "pas" "de" "cette" "compétence" "."


Input: "Si" "elle" "devait" "examiner" "une" "plainte" "nécessitant" "qu" "’" "une" "disposition" "de" "droit" "national" "ne" "soit" "pas" "appliquée" "," "elle" "agirait" "en" "dehors" "de" "son" "domaine" "de" "compétence" "." "73" "."


Input: "Il" "convient" "d" "’" "insister" "sur" "le" "fait" "que" "," "selon" "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "," "la" "règle" "en" "cause" "dans" "l" "’" "affaire" "au" "principal" "porte" "sur" "la" "compétence" "matérielle" ":" "elle" "divise" "la" "compétence" "pour" "examiner" "les" "recours" "en" "première" "instance" "dans" "des" "affaires" "spécifiques" "entre" "la" "CRP" "et" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "."


Input: "Elle" "implique" "que" "pour" "la" "catégorie" "particulière" "des" "affaires" "qui" "," "s" "’" "il" "est" "fait" "droit" "aux" "recours" "," "impliquent" "de" "laisser" "inappliquée" "une" "disposition" "du" "droit" "national" "," "l" "’" "organe" "judiciaire" "compétent" "est" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "." "74" "."


Input: "Il" "est" "exact" "que" "dans" "sa" "sphère" "de" "compétence" "," "la" "CRP" "est" "tenue" "de" "veiller" "au" "respect" "de" "la" "législation" "relative" "à" "l" "’" "égalité" "en" "matière" "d" "’" "emploi" "," "en" "ce" "compris" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "78" "."


Input: "Néanmoins" "," "dans" "la" "présente" "affaire" "," "cette" "compétence" "est" "limitée" "par" "la" "règle" "de" "compétence" "en" "cause" "." "75" "."


Input: "Au" "cours" "de" "la" "présente" "procédure" "," "il" "n" "’" "a" "pas" "été" "invoqué" "que" "la" "CRP" "ne" "serait" "pas" "à" "même" "d" "’" "offrir" "un" "recours" "effectif" "," "ou" "d" "’" "assurer" "la" "pleine" "efficacité" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "," "dans" "les" "affaires" "pour" "lesquelles" "elle" "est" "compétente" "(" "c" "’" "est-à-dire" "les" "affaires" "dans" "lesquelles" "la" "plainte" "porte" "," "en" "substance" "," "sur" "une" "discrimination" "causée" "par" "l" "’" "employeur" "et" "non" "par" "un" "acte" "législatif" ")" "."


Input: "Simplement" "," "elle" "n" "’" "a" "aucune" "compétence" "pour" "connaître" "des" "affaires" "qui" "," "s" "’" "il" "est" "fait" "droit" "au" "recours" "," "impliquent" "de" "laisser" "une" "disposition" "légale" "inappliquée" "." "76" "."


Input: "Cette" "circonstance" "différencie" "," "selon" "moi" "," "la" "présente" "affaire" "de" "la" "jurisprudence" "à" "laquelle" "il" "a" "été" "fait" "référence" "ci-dessus" ":" "dans" "ces" "affaires" "," "la" "question" "de" "savoir" "si" "l" "’" "organe" "concerné" "était" "compétent" "pour" "examiner" "l" "’" "affaire" "(" "ou" "pour" "prendre" "une" "décision" "dans" "un" "domaine" "particulier" ")" "n" "’" "a" "tout" "simplement" "pas" "été" "soulevée" "."


Input: "Le" "dénominateur" "commun" "à" "toutes" "ces" "affaires" "était" "plutôt" "que" "la" "juridiction" "," "ou" "l" "’" "autorité" "compétente" "," "était" "limitée" "," "non" "pas" "en" "termes" "de" "compétence" "," "mais" "en" "termes" "d" "’" "outils" "mis" "à" "sa" "disposition" "afin" "de" "donner" "plein" "effet" "au" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "." "77" "."


Input: "Il" "serait" "certes" "tentant" "de" "tracer" "un" "parallèle" "avec" "l" "’" "affaire" "CIF" "."


Input: "Comme" "la" "Commission" "l" "’" "a" "fait" "observer" "lors" "de" "l" "’" "audience" "," "dans" "l" "’" "affaire" "CIF" "," "il" "existait" "une" "autre" "voie" "pour" "une" "personne" "souhaitant" "demander" "réparation" "de" "la" "violation" "des" "règles" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "en" "matière" "de" "concurrence" ":" "celle" "des" "juridictions" "ordinaires" "."


Input: "Conformément" "à" "la" "jurisprudence" "de" "la" "Cour" "," "ces" "juridictions" "auraient" "été" "tenues" "de" "laisser" "inappliquée" "la" "législation" "nationale" "en" "conflit" "avec" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "."


Input: "Malgré" "l" "’" "existence" "théorique" "d" "’" "une" "telle" "alternative" "," "la" "Cour" "a" "considéré" "que" "l" "’" "autorité" "italienne" "de" "la" "concurrence" "était" "tenue" "de" "ne" "pas" "appliquer" "la" "législation" "nationale" "afin" "d" "’" "assurer" "la" "pleine" "efficacité" "des" "règles" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "en" "matière" "de" "concurrence" "." "78" "."


Input: "Il" "est" "toutefois" "important" "d" "’" "observer" "que" "le" "droit" "national" "ne" "limitait" "pas" "la" "compétence" "de" "l" "’" "autorité" "italienne" "de" "la" "concurrence" "pour" "veiller" "au" "respect" "des" "règles" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "en" "matière" "de" "concurrence" ":" "au" "contraire" "," "cette" "autorité" "était" "le" "(" "seul" ")" "organe" "investi" "du" "pouvoir" "d" "’" "assurer" "le" "respect" "des" "règles" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "en" "matière" "de" "concurrence" "."


Input: "À" "la" "différence" "de" "la" "présente" "affaire" "," "la" "compétence" "matérielle" "de" "cette" "autorité" "n" "’" "était" "pas" "limitée" "à" "une" "certaine" "catégorie" "d" "’" "affaires" "."


Input: "Dans" "ces" "conditions" "," "dans" "l" "’" "affaire" "CIF" "," "la" "nécessité" "d" "’" "assurer" "la" "pleine" "efficacité" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "exigeait" "effectivement" "que" "l" "’" "autorité" "nationale" "de" "la" "concurrence" "puisse" "laisser" "la" "législation" "nationale" "inappliquée" ":" "dans" "cette" "affaire" "," "il" "aurait" "été" "difficile" "," "voire" "impossible" "," "à" "l" "’" "autorité" "en" "question" "de" "veiller" "au" "respect" "des" "règles" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "en" "matière" "de" "concurrence" "qu" "’" "elle" "était" "tenue" "d" "’" "appliquer" "si" "elle" "n" "’" "avait" "pas" "disposé" "de" "ce" "pouvoir" "." "79" "."


Input: "Il" "m" "’" "est" "difficile" "d" "’" "identifier" "ici" "une" "nécessité" "similaire" "." "80" "."


Input: "Lorsqu" "’" "une" "plainte" "susceptible" "de" "nécessiter" "la" "non-application" "de" "la" "législation" "nationale" "a" "été" "introduite" "devant" "l" "’" "organe" "compétent" "[" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "]" "," "cette" "juridiction" "peut" "écarter" "l" "’" "application" "de" "la" "législation" "nationale" "réputée" "contraire" "au" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "," "ou" "à" "une" "autre" "norme" "de" "rang" "supérieur" "," "et" "apporter" "toute" "autre" "solution" "nécessaire" "afin" "de" "mettre" "un" "terme" "à" "la" "discrimination" "alléguée" "."


Input: "Il" "est" "également" "essentiel" "de" "souligner" "que" "la" "compétence" "pour" "connaître" "des" "recours" "contestant" "la" "validité" "d" "’" "une" "disposition" "légale" "ou" "nécessitant" "de" "laisser" "inappliquée" "une" "disposition" "légale" "n" "’" "appartient" "qu" "’" "à" "la" "seule" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "." "81" "."


Input: "C" "’" "est" "pourquoi" "je" "ne" "peux" "me" "rallier" "à" "la" "position" "selon" "laquelle" "la" "règle" "de" "compétence" "empêche" "un" "organe" "tel" "que" "la" "CRP" "," "qui" "a" "le" "statut" "d" "’" "«" "une" "cour" "ou" "d" "’" "un" "tribunal" "»" "au" "sens" "de" "l" "’" "article" "267" "TFUE" "(" "25" ")" "," "d" "’" "assurer" "la" "protection" "effective" "des" "droits" "tirés" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "." "82" "."


Input: "Une" "lecture" "attentive" "montre" "la" "faiblesse" "de" "cet" "argument" ":" "la" "CRP" "ne" "pouvait" "pas" "saisir" "la" "Cour" "à" "titre" "préjudiciel" "d" "’" "une" "question" "portant" "sur" "le" "point" "de" "savoir" "si" "un" "acte" "législatif" "viole" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "78" "," "avant" "tout" "parce" "que" "l" "’" "examen" "de" "telles" "affaires" "ne" "relève" "pas" "de" "sa" "compétence" "."


Input: "En" "revanche" "," "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "," "en" "tant" "que" "juridiction" "compétente" "pour" "examiner" "l" "’" "affaire" "," "aurait" "pu" "demander" "une" "décision" "préjudicielle" "sur" "la" "compatibilité" "de" "la" "mesure" "de" "restriction" "fondée" "sur" "l" "’" "âge" "." "83" "."


Input: "Un" "argument" "corollaire" "a" "été" "discuté" "longuement" "lors" "de" "l" "’" "audience" "."


Input: "Selon" "la" "CRP" "en" "particulier" "," "si" "la" "Cour" "devait" "considérer" "que" "la" "règle" "de" "compétence" "n" "’" "est" "pas" "contraire" "au" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "," "l" "’" "efficacité" "de" "la" "procédure" "préjudicielle" "au" "titre" "de" "l" "’" "article" "267" "TFUE" "serait" "compromise" "."


Input: "Cette" "règle" "pourrait" "empêcher" "la" "CRP" "de" "donner" "plein" "effet" "à" "un" "arrêt" "de" "la" "Cour" "déclarant" "une" "disposition" "du" "droit" "irlandais" "contraire" "à" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "78" "." "84" "."


Input: "À" "cet" "égard" "," "je" "relève" "que" "cet" "argument" "présume" "que" "l" "’" "affaire" "relève" "de" "la" "compétence" "de" "la" "CRP" "."


Input: "Toutefois" "," "aucune" "des" "parties" "n" "’" "a" "pu" "donner" "un" "exemple" "concret" "de" "situation" "réunissant" "les" "éléments" "suivants" ":" "une" "affaire" "qui" "," "d" "’" "une" "part" "," "relève" "de" "la" "compétence" "de" "la" "CRP" "parce" "qu" "’" "elle" "ne" "porte" "pas" "sur" "un" "grief" "nécessitant" "de" "laisser" "inappliqué" "le" "droit" "national" "," "et" "où" "," "d" "’" "autre" "part" "," "la" "Cour" "conclut" "," "sur" "la" "base" "du" "renvoi" "préjudiciel" "de" "la" "CRP" "," "à" "l" "’" "incompatibilité" "d" "’" "une" "disposition" "du" "droit" "national" "avec" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "78" "." "85" "."


Input: "Les" "difficultés" "rencontrées" "par" "les" "parties" "pour" "élaborer" "un" "exemple" "concret" "de" "situation" "où" "la" "règle" "de" "compétence" "porterait" "atteinte" "à" "l" "’" "efficacité" "d" "’" "une" "procédure" "préjudicielle" "au" "titre" "de" "l" "’" "article" "267" "TFUE" "semblent" "avoir" "une" "explication" "assez" "simple" ":" "une" "telle" "situation" "ne" "pourrait" "survenir" "que" "s" "’" "il" "était" "considéré" "que" "la" "CRP" "est" "compétente" "ou" "si" "elle" "outrepassait" "les" "limites" "de" "sa" "compétence" "et" "examinait" "le" "recours" "." "c" ")" "Une" "conclusion" "provisoire" "86" "."


Input: "Il" "peut" "exister" "de" "bonnes" "raisons" "de" "diviser" "la" "compétence" "dans" "un" "domaine" "particulier" "du" "droit" "entre" "différents" "organes" "(" "judiciaires" ")" "." "87" "."


Input: "La" "résolution" "de" "conflits" "survenant" "dans" "la" "vie" "quotidienne" "," "tels" "que" "les" "litiges" "de" "consommation" "et" "les" "litiges" "dans" "l" "’" "espace" "de" "travail" "," "est" "de" "plus" "en" "plus" "souvent" "«" "externalisée" "»" "et" "confiée" "à" "des" "organes" "spécialisés" "qui" "disposent" "de" "pouvoirs" "(" "limités" ")" "pour" "assurer" "une" "médiation" "et" "/" "ou" "pour" "statuer" "rapidement" "sur" "de" "tels" "litiges" "(" "26" ")" "."


Input: "Il" "est" "également" "courant" "que" "," "comme" "dans" "le" "cas" "des" "«" "adjudication" "officers" "»" "(" "agents" "d" "’" "arbitrage" ")" "de" "la" "CRP" "," "les" "personnes" "chargées" "de" "résoudre" "les" "conflits" "au" "sein" "de" "ces" "organes" "," "n" "’" "aient" "pas" "nécessairement" "de" "formation" "juridique" "."


Input: "Ces" "organes" "sont" "sans" "doute" "mieux" "placés" "que" "les" "juridictions" "pour" "apporter" "des" "solutions" "moins" "onéreuses" "," "rapides" "et" "efficaces" "à" "ce" "genre" "de" "conflits" "." "88" "."


Input: "Cependant" "," "de" "tels" "organes" "ne" "peuvent" "pas" "traiter" "tous" "les" "litiges" "," "en" "particulier" "ceux" "qui" "soulèvent" "des" "questions" "de" "principe" "importantes" "avec" "des" "implications" "juridiques" "plus" "étendues" "." "89" "."


Input: "De" "manière" "constante" "," "la" "Cour" "a" "considéré" "que" "," "en" "l" "’" "absence" "de" "règlementation" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "en" "la" "matière" "," "il" "appartient" "à" "l" "’" "ordre" "juridique" "interne" "de" "chaque" "État" "membre" "de" "désigner" "les" "juridictions" "(" "ou" "," "le" "cas" "échéant" "," "les" "organes" "administratifs" ")" "compétentes" "et" "de" "régler" "les" "modalités" "procédurales" "des" "recours" "destinés" "à" "assurer" "la" "sauvegarde" "des" "droits" "que" "les" "justiciables" "tirent" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "(" "27" ")" "."


Input: "Les" "États" "membres" "doivent" "toutefois" "veiller" "à" "ce" "que" "," "dans" "chaque" "cas" "," "ces" "droits" "soient" "effectivement" "protégés" "(" "28" ")" "."


Input: "En" "d" "’" "autres" "termes" "," "la" "compétence" "dans" "un" "domaine" "particulier" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "peut" "être" "divisée" "entre" "différents" "organes" "pour" "autant" "que" "les" "droits" "concernés" "soient" "protégés" "de" "manière" "adéquate" "." "90" "."


Input: "C" "’" "est" "dans" "les" "limites" "de" "leur" "domaine" "de" "compétence" "respectif" "que" "ces" "organes" "doivent" "donner" "plein" "effet" "au" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "en" "laissant" "," "si" "nécessaire" "," "inappliquée" "la" "loi" "nationale" "contraire" "au" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "."


Input: "Autrement" "dit" "," "un" "organe" "ne" "peut" "pas" "," "en" "vertu" "de" "la" "primauté" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "," "simplement" "ignorer" "les" "règles" "de" "compétence" "qui" "délimitent" "sa" "compétence" "matérielle" "dans" "un" "domaine" "particulier" "qui" "sont" "prévues" "par" "le" "droit" "national" "." "91" "."


Input: "Je" "conclurai" "dès" "lors" "qu" "’" "une" "règle" "de" "compétence" "," "telle" "que" "celle" "en" "cause" "dans" "la" "procédure" "au" "principal" "," "qui" "divise" "la" "compétence" "pour" "des" "affaires" "spécifiques" "entre" "un" "organe" "administratif" "et" "une" "juridiction" "ordinaire" "en" "fonction" "du" "grief" "invoqué" "ne" "viole" "pas" "le" "principe" "de" "primauté" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "et" "relève" "de" "l" "’" "autonomie" "procédurale" "des" "États" "membres" "." "92" "."


Input: "Si" "la" "Cour" "s" "’" "en" "tient" "strictement" "au" "libellé" "de" "la" "question" "qui" "lui" "est" "soumise" "," "cela" "résoudrait" "l" "’" "affaire" "portée" "devant" "elle" "."


Input: "En" "effet" "," "comme" "la" "question" "l" "’" "indique" "clairement" "," "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "a" "déjà" "formulé" "des" "conclusions" "sur" "la" "compatibilité" "de" "la" "règle" "de" "compétence" "avec" "les" "exigences" "d" "’" "équivalence" "et" "d" "’" "effectivité" ":" "la" "question" "déférée" "à" "la" "Cour" "repose" "en" "effet" "sur" "la" "conclusion" "que" "la" "règle" "de" "compétence" "en" "question" "ne" "viole" "pas" "ces" "principes" "(" "29" ")" "." "93" "."


Input: "Il" "est" "certes" "vrai" "qu" "’" "en" "définitive" "," "il" "appartient" "à" "la" "juridiction" "nationale" "de" "déterminer" "si" "la" "règle" "de" "procédure" "nationale" "contestée" "est" "conforme" "aux" "principes" "d" "’" "équivalence" "et" "d" "’" "effectivité" "."


Input: "Néanmoins" "," "compte" "tenu" "de" "l" "’" "attention" "que" "les" "parties" "ont" "accordé" "à" "ces" "principes" "dans" "leurs" "observations" "écrites" "et" "orales" "," "j" "’" "estime" "qu" "’" "il" "est" "nécessaire" "d" "’" "examiner" "les" "arguments" "principaux" "que" "les" "parties" "ont" "invoqués" "en" "ce" "qui" "concerne" "les" "conclusions" "de" "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "," "en" "particulier" "en" "ce" "qui" "concerne" "le" "principe" "d" "’" "effectivité" "." "2" "."


Input: "La" "division" "de" "la" "compétence" "entre" "la" "CRP" "et" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" ":" "le" "respect" "des" "principes" "d" "’" "équivalence" "et" "d" "’" "effectivité" "94" "."


Input: "Selon" "l" "’" "abondante" "jurisprudence" "de" "la" "Cour" "sur" "cette" "question" "," "les" "modalités" "procédurales" "des" "recours" "destinés" "à" "assurer" "la" "sauvegarde" "des" "droits" "que" "les" "justiciables" "tirent" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "ne" "doivent" "pas" "être" "moins" "favorables" "que" "celles" "concernant" "des" "recours" "similaires" "de" "nature" "interne" "(" "principe" "d" "’" "équivalence" ")" "et" "ne" "doivent" "pas" "rendre" "impossible" "en" "pratique" "ou" "excessivement" "difficile" "l" "’" "exercice" "des" "droits" "conférés" "par" "l" "’" "ordre" "juridique" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "(" "principe" "d" "’" "effectivité" ")" "(" "30" ")" "." "a" ")" "Sur" "l" "’" "équivalence" ":" "la" "recherche" "de" "l" "’" "élément" "de" "comparaison" "correct" "95" "."


Input: "Dans" "la" "décision" "du" "15" "juin" "2017" "," "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "a" "considéré" "que" "la" "règle" "de" "compétence" "répond" "aux" "exigences" "du" "principe" "d" "’" "équivalence" "parce" "que" "le" "même" "régime" "s" "’" "appliquerait" "à" "toute" "affaire" "que" "la" "norme" "juridique" "sur" "laquelle" "se" "fonde" "le" "recours" "relève" "du" "droit" "national" "ou" "qu" "’" "elle" "relève" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "."


Input: "En" "d" "’" "autres" "termes" "," "la" "règle" "de" "compétence" "en" "cause" "s" "’" "appliquerait" "également" "," "et" "confèrerait" "la" "compétence" "à" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "dans" "une" "affaire" "relevant" "exclusivement" "du" "droit" "national" "(" "31" ")" "." "96" "."


Input: "Cette" "appréciation" "me" "semble" "correcte" "." "97" "."


Input: "Plus" "spécifiquement" "," "la" "jurisprudence" "de" "la" "Cour" "requiert" "que" "la" "règle" "nationale" "en" "cause" "s" "’" "applique" "indifféremment" "aux" "recours" "fondés" "sur" "des" "droits" "que" "les" "justiciables" "tirent" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "et" "à" "ceux" "fondés" "sur" "la" "méconnaissance" "du" "droit" "interne" "ayant" "un" "objet" "et" "une" "cause" "semblables" "(" "32" ")" "."


Input: "Autrement" "dit" "," "l" "’" "appréciation" "de" "l" "’" "équivalence" "comporte" "deux" "étapes" "."


Input: "Il" "convient" "," "dans" "un" "premier" "temps" "," "d" "’" "identifier" "l" "’" "élément" "de" "comparaison" "correct" "."


Input: "Dans" "un" "second" "temps" "," "il" "faut" "examiner" "si" "le" "recours" "fondé" "sur" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "est" "traité" "de" "manière" "moins" "favorable" "que" "le" "recours" "comparable" "fondé" "sur" "le" "droit" "national" "." "98" "."


Input: "Les" "première" "et" "troisième" "parties" "intervenantes" "ont" "suggéré" "à" "cet" "égard" "que" "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "n" "’" "a" "pas" "choisi" "l" "’" "élément" "de" "comparaison" "correct" "."


Input: "Dans" "leurs" "observations" "," "elles" "ont" "indiqué" "qu" "’" "un" "recours" "pour" "discrimination" "fondé" "sur" "une" "base" "qui" "ne" "relève" "pas" "du" "champ" "d" "’" "application" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "78" "ou" "qui" "ne" "nécessiterait" "pas" "de" "laisser" "une" "loi" "nationale" "inappliquée" "aurait" "constitué" "un" "meilleur" "élément" "de" "comparaison" "." "99" "."


Input: "À" "cet" "égard" "," "il" "convient" "tout" "d" "’" "abord" "de" "rappeler" "qu" "’" "il" "appartient" "à" "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "," "qui" "est" "seule" "à" "avoir" "une" "connaissance" "directe" "des" "modalités" "procédurales" "applicables" "," "de" "vérifier" "la" "similitude" "des" "recours" "concernés" "sous" "l" "’" "angle" "de" "leur" "objet" "," "de" "leur" "cause" "et" "de" "leurs" "éléments" "essentiels" "(" "33" ")" "."


Input: "Il" "me" "semble" "dès" "lors" "que" "la" "Cour" "ne" "peut" "remettre" "en" "question" "une" "conclusion" "de" "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "concernant" "le" "principe" "d" "’" "équivalence" "qu" "’" "à" "titre" "exceptionnel" "," "lorsqu" "’" "il" "est" "manifeste" "que" "cette" "appréciation" "est" "faussée" "." "100" "."


Input: "Il" "n" "’" "est" "pas" "nécessaire" "de" "recourir" "à" "une" "mesure" "aussi" "drastique" "en" "l" "’" "espèce" "."


Input: "Au" "contraire" "," "il" "me" "semble" "que" "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "a" "choisi" "le" "seul" "élément" "de" "comparaison" "correct" "." "101" "."


Input: "Conformément" "à" "la" "jurisprudence" "constante" "de" "la" "Cour" "," "le" "principe" "d" "’" "équivalence" "n" "’" "oblige" "pas" "les" "États" "membres" "à" "étendre" "leur" "régime" "interne" "le" "plus" "favorable" "à" "l" "’" "ensemble" "des" "actions" "introduites" "dans" "un" "domaine" "donné" "du" "droit" "(" "34" ")" "." "102" "."


Input: "Dans" "leurs" "observations" "écrites" "," "les" "première" "et" "troisième" "parties" "intervenantes" "semblent" "suggérer" "que" "tous" "les" "griefs" "relatifs" "à" "l" "’" "égalité" "en" "matière" "d" "’" "emploi" "devraient" "être" "considérés" "comme" "comparables" "les" "uns" "aux" "autres" "parce" "qu" "’" "en" "substance" "," "la" "procédure" "devant" "la" "CRP" "est" "moins" "lourde" "et" "n" "’" "implique" "pas" "de" "risque" "financier" "pour" "le" "plaignant" "." "103" "."


Input: "Si" "cette" "approche" "était" "adoptée" "," "le" "critère" "de" "l" "’" "équivalence" "perdrait" "toute" "raison" "d" "’" "être" "."


Input: "Cela" "porterait" "à" "comparer" "ce" "qui" "n" "’" "est" "pas" "comparable" "."


Input: "Comme" "le" "démontre" "très" "justement" "la" "présente" "affaire" "," "toutes" "les" "affaires" "concernant" "un" "domaine" "spécifique" "du" "droit" "ne" "sont" "pas" "comparables" ":" "les" "recours" "pour" "discrimination" "en" "matière" "d" "’" "emploi" "peuvent" "différer" "dans" "leur" "objet" "," "leur" "cause" "ou" "leurs" "éléments" "essentiels" "en" "fonction" "de" "l" "’" "origine" "de" "la" "discrimination" "."


Input: "Un" "recours" "peut" "être" "introduit" "devant" "la" "CRP" "lorsque" "la" "discrimination" "en" "matière" "d" "’" "emploi" "résulte" "d" "’" "une" "pratique" "(" "généralement" "une" "décision" "prise" "par" "un" "employeur" ")" "(" "35" ")" "."


Input: "En" "revanche" "," "un" "recours" "impliquant" "la" "contestation" "de" "la" "validité" "de" "la" "législation" "ou" "nécessitant" "de" "laisser" "la" "législation" "inappliquée" "porte" "fondamentalement" "sur" "le" "caractère" "légal" "d" "’" "un" "instrument" "juridique" "ayant" "force" "de" "loi" "."


Input: "Il" "s" "’" "agit" "selon" "moi" "d" "’" "une" "différence" "essentielle" "qui" "ne" "peut" "être" "négligée" "."


Input: "Les" "différences" "entre" "les" "règles" "de" "procédure" "qui" "sont" "applicables" "aux" "recours" "introduits" "devant" "la" "CRP" "," "d" "’" "une" "part" "," "et" "devant" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "," "d" "’" "autre" "part" "," "s" "’" "expliquent" "précisément" "par" "la" "différence" "inhérente" "aux" "types" "de" "recours" "dont" "ces" "deux" "organes" "ont" "à" "connaître" "(" "36" ")" "." "104" "."


Input: "En" "d" "’" "autres" "termes" "," "comme" "l" "’" "a" "constaté" "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "," "l" "’" "élément" "de" "comparaison" "le" "plus" "approprié" "doit" "être" "le" "recours" "formé" "devant" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "sur" "la" "base" "d" "’" "une" "législation" "purement" "nationale" "." "b" ")" "Sur" "l" "’" "effectivité" ":" "la" "nécessité" "de" "former" "plusieurs" "recours" "pour" "faire" "valoir" "des" "droits" "tirés" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "105" "."


Input: "Il" "est" "de" "jurisprudence" "constante" "que" "l" "’" "analyse" "de" "l" "’" "effectivité" "doit" "tenir" "compte" "de" "la" "place" "qu" "’" "occupe" "la" "disposition" "dans" "l" "’" "ensemble" "de" "la" "procédure" "," "de" "son" "déroulement" "et" "de" "ses" "particularités" "," "devant" "les" "diverses" "instances" "nationales" "(" "37" ")" "." "106" "."


Input: "Dans" "la" "décision" "du" "15" "juin" "2017" "," "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "a" "notamment" "examiné" "les" "pouvoirs" "de" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "pour" "obtenir" "des" "preuves" "," "le" "régime" "des" "dépens" "," "le" "caractère" "contradictoire" "de" "la" "procédure" "ainsi" "que" "le" "pouvoir" "de" "cette" "juridiction" "d" "’" "adopter" "toute" "mesure" "nécessaire" "à" "la" "mise" "en" "œuvre" "des" "droits" "garantis" "par" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "."


Input: "Après" "avoir" "examiné" "ces" "éléments" "de" "la" "procédure" "devant" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "," "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "est" "parvenue" "à" "la" "conclusion" "que" "la" "règle" "de" "compétence" "répond" "à" "l" "’" "exigence" "d" "’" "effectivité" "(" "38" ")" "." "107" "."


Input: "La" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "n" "’" "a" "cependant" "pas" "analysé" "explicitement" "les" "désavantages" "procéduraux" "qui" "peuvent" "résulter" "de" "la" "nécessité" "de" "diviser" "une" "plainte" "entre" "deux" "organes" "," "une" "question" "que" "la" "Cour" "a" "traitée" "dans" "l" "’" "arrêt" "Impact" "(" "39" ")" "."


Input: "Cet" "arrêt" "a" "été" "longuement" "commenté" "lors" "de" "l" "’" "audience" "."


Input: "Il" "me" "semble" "donc" "utile" "de" "formuler" "quelques" "remarques" "à" "ce" "propos" "." "108" "."


Input: "L" "’" "arrêtImpactportait" "sur" "une" "règle" "de" "procédure" "qui" "obligeait" "les" "demandeurs" "à" "introduire" "différents" "recours" "pour" "faire" "valoir" "les" "droits" "qu" "’" "ils" "tiraient" "de" "la" "directive" "1999" "/" "70" "(" "40" ")" "."


Input: "Plus" "précisément" "," "la" "loi" "irlandaise" "prévoyait" "que" "," "en" "matière" "de" "travail" "à" "durée" "déterminée" "," "les" "recours" "fondés" "sur" "la" "législation" "ayant" "transposé" "la" "directive" "pouvaient" "être" "adressés" "au" "Rights" "Commissioner" "(" "une" "juridiction" "spécialisée" ")" "tandis" "que" "les" "recours" "directement" "fondés" "sur" "la" "directive" "(" "c" "’" "est-à-dire" "les" "litiges" "survenus" "après" "l" "’" "expiration" "du" "délai" "de" "transposition" "mais" "avant" "que" "l" "’" "Irlande" "ne" "se" "soit" "acquittée" "de" "ses" "obligations" ")" "devaient" "être" "introduits" "devant" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "." "109" "."


Input: "Dans" "cet" "arrêt" "," "la" "Cour" "a" "considéré" "d" "’" "emblée" "qu" "’" "une" "demande" "fondée" "sur" "une" "violation" "de" "la" "mesure" "de" "transposition" "de" "la" "directive" "et" "une" "demande" "directement" "fondée" "sur" "la" "directive" "relèvent" "d" "’" "une" "seule" "et" "même" "voie" "de" "recours" "(" "41" ")" "."


Input: "En" "d" "’" "autre" "termes" "," "en" "dépit" "de" "fondements" "juridiques" "formellement" "distincts" "," "les" "deux" "recours" "tendent" "à" "protéger" "les" "mêmes" "droits" "dérivés" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "(" "42" ")" "." "110" "."


Input: "La" "Cour" "a" "alors" "considéré" "que" "," "lorsque" "le" "législateur" "irlandais" "a" "fait" "le" "choix" "de" "conférer" "à" "une" "juridiction" "spécialisée" "la" "compétence" "(" "même" "optionnelle" ")" "pour" "connaître" "des" "demandes" "fondées" "sur" "la" "loi" "de" "transposition" "de" "la" "directive" "1999" "/" "70" "," "il" "serait" "contraire" "au" "principe" "d" "’" "effectivité" "d" "’" "obliger" "les" "demandeurs" "à" "saisir" "," "parallèlement" "," "une" "juridiction" "ordinaire" "d" "’" "une" "demande" "distincte" "aux" "fins" "de" "faire" "valoir" "les" "droits" "qu" "’" "ils" "pourraient" "tirer" "directement" "de" "cette" "directive" "elle-même" "."


Input: "Tel" "serait" "en" "particulier" "le" "cas" "si" "la" "juridiction" "nationale" "devait" "constater" "des" "inconvénients" "procéduraux" "pour" "les" "personnes" "concernées" "notamment" "en" "termes" "de" "coût" "," "de" "durée" "et" "de" "règles" "de" "représentation" "," "de" "nature" "à" "rendre" "excessivement" "difficile" "l" "’" "exercice" "des" "droits" "tirés" "de" "la" "directive" "concernée" "(" "43" ")" "." "111" "."


Input: "Dans" "cet" "arrêt" "," "la" "Cour" "a" "confirmé" "et" "développé" "la" "ligne" "jurisprudentielle" "relative" "au" "principe" "d" "’" "effectivité" "."


Input: "Elle" "a" "sanctionné" "les" "inconvénients" "procéduraux" "qui" "résultent" "de" "l" "’" "obligation" "de" "former" "plusieurs" "recours" "lorsque" "le" "législateur" "a" "conféré" "à" "une" "juridiction" "spécialisée" "la" "compétence" "d" "’" "examiner" "une" "demande" "fondée" "sur" "la" "législation" "nationale" "ayant" "transposé" "la" "directive" "sans" "que" "cet" "organe" "ne" "puisse" "également" "traiter" "une" "demande" "fondée" "sur" "la" "directive" "." "112" "."


Input: "Il" "est" "important" "de" "placer" "l" "’" "affirmation" "de" "la" "Cour" "dans" "son" "propre" "contexte" "."


Input: "Cette" "affirmation" "relative" "aux" "inconvénients" "procéduraux" "s" "’" "inscrit" "dans" "le" "cadre" "particulier" "de" "l" "’" "obligation" "de" "former" "différents" "recours" "pour" "faire" "valoir" "les" "mêmes" "droits" "tirés" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "(" "mais" "pour" "des" "périodes" "différentes" ")" "."


Input: "Compte" "tenu" "de" "cet" "aspect" "particulier" "de" "l" "’" "arrêt" "Impact" "," "il" "serait" "à" "mon" "avis" "erroné" "de" "considérer" "que" "la" "conclusion" "de" "la" "Cour" "relative" "au" "principe" "d" "’" "effectivité" "remet" "en" "cause" "," "de" "manière" "générale" "," "toute" "règle" "de" "compétence" "qui" "," "dans" "un" "domaine" "particulier" "du" "droit" "," "divise" "la" "compétence" "entre" "différentes" "instances" "dont" "les" "règles" "de" "procédure" "ne" "sont" "pas" "également" "favorables" "aux" "demandeurs" "." "113" "."


Input: "En" "effet" "," "il" "ne" "faut" "pas" "oublier" "que" "la" "jurisprudence" "de" "la" "Cour" "exige" "que" "les" "règles" "procédurales" "nationales" "ne" "rendent" "pas" "l" "’" "exercice" "des" "droits" "tirés" "du" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "excessivement" "difficile" "."


Input: "Elle" "n" "’" "exige" "pas" "que" "toutes" "les" "affaires" "portant" "sur" "un" "domaine" "particulier" "du" "droit" "soient" "traitées" "de" "la" "même" "manière" "," "par" "un" "seul" "tribunal" "ou" "organe" "," "conformément" "aux" "règles" "qui" "," "d" "’" "un" "point" "de" "vue" "procédural" "," "sont" "les" "plus" "favorables" "au" "demandeur" "(" "44" ")" "." "114" "."


Input: "À" "la" "différence" "de" "la" "situation" "à" "l" "’" "origine" "de" "l" "’" "arrêt" "Impact" "," "le" "législateur" "irlandais" "n" "’" "a" "pas" "conféré" "à" "la" "CRP" "la" "compétence" "(" "optionnelle" ")" "de" "connaître" "des" "affaires" "relevant" "d" "’" "ordinaire" "de" "la" "compétence" "de" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "."


Input: "Au" "contraire" "," "la" "répartition" "des" "compétences" "entre" "la" "CRP" "et" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "est" "claire" "." "115" "."


Input: "Il" "ressort" "de" "l" "’" "ordonnance" "de" "renvoi" "que" "l" "’" "affaire" "pendante" "devant" "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "concerne" "une" "plainte" "portant" "sur" "une" "mesure" "de" "discrimination" "fondée" "sur" "l" "’" "âge" "," "un" "élément" "de" "droit" "dérivé" "."


Input: "Aucun" "grief" "fondé" "sur" "la" "discrimination" "relevant" "de" "la" "compétence" "de" "la" "CRP" "n" "’" "a" "été" "soulevé" "dans" "la" "procédure" "devant" "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "."


Input: "Dans" "cette" "affaire" "," "la" "division" "de" "la" "compétence" "entre" "la" "CRP" "et" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "ne" "peut" "pas" "," "selon" "moi" "," "être" "critiquée" ":" "il" "n" "’" "existe" "pas" "d" "’" "autres" "voies" "de" "recours" "pour" "les" "plaignants" "que" "devant" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "."


Input: "Il" "me" "semble" "que" "la" "division" "de" "la" "compétence" "permet" "," "en" "tout" "état" "de" "cause" "," "d" "’" "apporter" "une" "solution" "efficace" "aux" "affaires" "nécessitant" "la" "non-application" "de" "la" "législation" "nationale" "," "puisque" "dans" "ce" "cas" "," "les" "plaignants" "ne" "doivent" "pas" "tout" "d" "’" "abord" "s" "’" "adresser" "à" "la" "CRP" "." "116" "."


Input: "Il" "ne" "fait" "aucun" "doute" "que" "l" "’" "absence" "d" "’" "une" "autre" "voie" "de" "recours" "pour" "les" "demandeurs" "qui" "considèrent" "avoir" "été" "lésés" "par" "un" "acte" "législatif" "explique" "pourquoi" "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "n" "’" "a" "pas" "examiné" "la" "règle" "de" "compétence" "à" "la" "lumière" "de" "l" "’" "arrêt" "Impact" "." "117" "."


Input: "Néanmoins" "," "il" "ne" "semble" "pas" "impossible" "d" "’" "imaginer" "une" "situation" "où" "un" "demandeur" "forme" "un" "recours" "en" "alléguant" "qu" "’" "il" "a" "été" "discriminé" "(" "en" "violation" "de" "la" "directive" "2000" "/" "78" ")" "non" "seulement" "sur" "la" "base" "d" "’" "une" "mesure" "légale" "mais" "aussi" "sur" "la" "base" "de" "la" "pratique" "d" "’" "un" "employeur" "."


Input: "Dans" "une" "telle" "situation" "," "si" "la" "CRP" "est" "compétente" "pour" "connaître" "d" "’" "une" "partie" "de" "ce" "recours" "," "il" "me" "semble" "que" "l" "’" "affirmation" "de" "la" "Cour" "dans" "l" "’" "affaire" "Impact" "doit" "s" "’" "appliquer" "pleinement" "."


Input: "Si" "," "au" "contraire" "," "la" "compétence" "de" "la" "High" "court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "l" "’" "emporte" "sur" "celle" "de" "la" "CRP" "de" "sorte" "que" "cette" "dernière" "n" "’" "a" "aucune" "compétence" "[" "et" "que" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "est" "réputée" "compétente" "pour" "connaître" "de" "l" "’" "ensemble" "de" "la" "plainte" "]" "," "l" "’" "affirmation" "de" "la" "Cour" "ne" "semble" "pas" "pertinente" "." "118" "."


Input: "Il" "n" "’" "appartient" "toutefois" "pas" "à" "la" "Cour" "d" "’" "effectuer" "cette" "appréciation" ":" "il" "revient" "à" "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "de" "déterminer" "l" "’" "interprétation" "correcte" "des" "règles" "nationales" "pertinentes" "qui" "divisent" "la" "compétence" "dans" "ce" "domaine" "entre" "la" "CRP" "et" "la" "High" "Court" "(" "Haute" "Cour" ")" "." "119" "."


Input: "Par" "conséquent" "," "je" "conclus" "que" "le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "ne" "s" "’" "oppose" "pas" "à" "une" "règle" "de" "compétence" "telle" "que" "celle" "en" "cause" "dans" "la" "procédure" "au" "principal" "," "qui" "divise" "la" "compétence" "pour" "des" "affaires" "spécifiques" "entre" "un" "organe" "établi" "par" "la" "loi" "et" "une" "juridiction" "ordinaire" "en" "fonction" "de" "la" "nature" "du" "grief" "," "pour" "autant" "qu" "’" "il" "n" "’" "y" "ait" "pas" "de" "compétence" "concurrente" "dans" "le" "cadre" "du" "même" "recours" "."


Input: "IV" "."


Input: "Conclusion" "120" "."


Input: "Eu" "égard" "aux" "développements" "qui" "précèdent" "," "je" "propose" "à" "la" "Cour" "de" "répondre" "à" "la" "question" "posée" "par" "la" "Supreme" "Court" "(" "Cour" "suprême" "," "Irlande" ")" "de" "la" "manière" "suivante" ":" "Le" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "ne" "s" "’" "oppose" "pas" "à" "une" "règle" "de" "compétence" "telle" "que" "celle" "en" "cause" "dans" "la" "procédure" "au" "principal" "," "qui" "divise" "la" "compétence" "pour" "des" "affaires" "spécifiques" "entre" "un" "organe" "établi" "par" "la" "loi" "et" "une" "juridiction" "ordinaire" "en" "fonction" "de" "la" "nature" "du" "grief" "," "pour" "autant" "qu" "’" "il" "n" "’" "y" "ait" "pas" "de" "compétence" "concurrente" "dans" "le" "cadre" "du" "même" "recours" "." "1" "Langue" "originale" ":" "l" "’" "anglais" "." "2" "Directive" "2000" "/" "78" "/" "CE" "du" "Conseil" "," "du" "27" "novembre" "2000" "," "portant" "création" "d" "’" "un" "cadre" "général" "en" "faveur" "de" "l" "’" "égalité" "de" "traitement" "en" "matière" "d" "’" "emploi" "et" "de" "travail" "(" "JO" "2000" "," "L" "303" "," "p" "." "16" ")" "." "3" "Arrêt" "du" "9" "mars" "1978" "," "Simmenthal" "(" "106" "/" "77" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "1978" ":" "49" ")" "." "4" "Dans" "l" "’" "affaire" "pendante" "devant" "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "," "les" "lois" "pertinentes" "sont" "les" "lois" "sur" "l" "’" "égalité" "en" "matière" "d" "’" "emploi" "de" "1998" "à" "2004" "et" "," "le" "cas" "échéant" "," "les" "lois" "modificatives" "subséquentes" "." "5" "Le" "Workplace" "Relations" "Act" "(" "loi" "sur" "les" "relations" "professionnelles" ")" "de" "2015" "a" "transféré" "les" "fonctions" "de" "l" "’" "Equality" "Tribunal" "(" "tribunal" "pour" "l" "’" "égalité" ")" "à" "la" "CRP" "." "6" "Garda" "Síochána" "(" "Admissions" "and" "Appointments" ")" "(" "Amendment" ")" "Regulations" "," "[" "décrets" "Garda" "Síochána" "(" "recrutements" "et" "affectations" ")" "(" "modification" ")" "]" "de" "2004" "(" "S.I" "." "no" "749" "de" "2004" ")" "." "7" "En" "effet" "," "outre" "l" "’" "ordonnance" "de" "renvoi" "du" "15" "juin" "2017" "," "cette" "juridiction" "a" "également" "rendu" "à" "la" "même" "date" "une" "autre" "décision" "[" "Minister" "for" "Justice" "," "Equality" "and" "Law" "Reform" "and" "Others" "-" "v" "-" "The" "Workplace" "Relations" "Commission" "," "(" "2017" ")" "IESC" "43" "]" "portant" "sur" "la" "compétence" "de" "la" "CRP" "sous" "l" "’" "angle" "du" "droit" "national" "."


Input: "Dans" "cette" "décision" "," "la" "juridiction" "de" "renvoi" "aborde" "également" "quelques" "questions" "de" "droit" "de" "l" "’" "Union" "."


Input: "Elle" "a" "notamment" "examiné" "si" "la" "division" "de" "la" "compétence" "entre" "la" "CRP" "et" "la" "High" "Court" "respectait" "les" "principes" "d" "’" "équivalence" "et" "d" "’" "effectivité" "." "8" "Voir" "," "notamment" "," "arrêt" "du" "6" "septembre" "2016" "," "Petruhhin" "(" "C" "‑" "182" "/" "15" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2016" ":" "630" "," "point" "20" "et" "jurisprudence" "citée" ")" "." "9" "La" "discrimination" "fondée" "sur" "le" "sexe" "fait" "exception" "à" "cette" "règle" ":" "dans" "les" "affaires" "portant" "sur" "ce" "type" "de" "discrimination" "," "le" "plaignant" "peut" "choisir" "de" "saisir" "directement" "la" "Circuit" "Court" "(" "tribunal" "itinérant" "," "Irlande" ")" "." "10" "Voir" "https" ":" "/" "/" "www.workplacerelations.ie" "/" "en" "/" "Complaints_Disputes" "/" "Adjudication" "/" "(" "consulté" "le" "5" "juillet" "2018" ")" "." "11" "Décision" "du" "15" "juin" "2017" "," "points" "5.3" "et" "5.6" "." "12" "Voir" "," "en" "particulier" "," "arrêt" "du" "22" "octobre" "1998" "," "IN" "."

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Input: "GE" "." "'" "90" "e.a" "."


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Input: "CO" "."


Input: "GE" "." "'" "90" "e.a" "."


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Input: "(" "C" "‑" "222" "/" "05" "à" "C" "‑" "225" "/" "05" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2007" ":" "318" "," "point" "28" "et" "jurisprudence" "citée" ")" "." "25" "Dans" "une" "affaire" "relevant" "de" "son" "domaine" "de" "compétence" "," "l" "’" "Equality" "Tribunal" "(" "tribunal" "pour" "l" "’" "égalité" ")" "a" "saisi" "la" "Cour" "d" "’" "une" "demande" "de" "décision" "préjudicielle" "."

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