iwslt17/tst2010/zh-en.jsonl

{"translation": {"zh": "几年前，在TED大会上， Peter Skillman 介绍了一个设计挑战 叫做“棉花糖挑战”", "en": ["Several years ago here at TED, Peter Skillman introduced a design challenge called the marshmallow challenge."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "是个非常简单的主意 要求一组四人的团队搭建一个独立的最高建筑 材料是20根意大利面条 一段胶带，一段绳子 一块棉花糖", "en": ["And the idea's pretty simple: Teams of four have to build the tallest free-standing structure out of 20 sticks of spaghetti, one yard of tape, one yard of string and a marshmallow."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "棉花糖必须放在最上面", "en": ["The marshmallow has to be on top."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这虽然看似简单，其实并不容易 因为它要求人们 迅速地合作", "en": ["And, though it seems really simple, it's actually pretty hard because it forces people to collaborate very quickly."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我觉得这是个有趣的主意 我把它放到了设计专题讨论会上", "en": ["And so, I thought this was an interesting idea, and I incorporated it into a design workshop."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "结果非常成功", "en": ["And it was a huge success."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "从那以后， 我在全球 70多个设计专题讨论活动中 让学生们和设计者，建筑师 甚至财富50强的首席技术官 这个练习在很多方面给了我们 深刻的启迪 教会我们合作的特性 在这里我跟你们分享一些", "en": ["And since then, I've conducted about 70 design workshops across the world with students and designers and architects, even the CTOs of the Fortune 50, and there's something about this exercise that reveals very deep lessons about the nature of collaboration, and I'd like to share some of them with you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "通常， 人们总是从 讨论开始着手完成这个任务", "en": ["So, normally, most people begin by orienting themselves to the task."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们讨论一阵， 勾勒出结果会是什么样子 他们互相争论一番对错", "en": ["They talk about it, they figure out what it's going to look like, they jockey for power."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后花费点时间计划，组织 他们画一下图纸然后拿出意大利面条", "en": ["Then they spend some time planning, organizing, they sketch and they lay out spaghetti."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们用了大量的时间 把意大利面条组装得越来越高", "en": ["They spend the majority of their time assembling the sticks into ever-growing structures."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后最后，时间快要用完了 他们拿出棉花糖 小心翼翼地将棉花糖放到最上面 然后他们后退一步，哈哈 他们欣赏着他们的成果", "en": ["And then finally, just as they're running out of time, someone takes out the marshmallow, and then they gingerly put it on top, and then they stand back, and -- ta-da! -- they admire their work."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是绝大多数时候，真正发生的是 “哈哈” 变成了“糟了” 因为棉花糖的重量把整个结构 给压散架了", "en": ["But what really happens, most of the time, is that the \"ta-da\" turns into an \"uh-oh,\" because the weight of the marshmallow causes the entire structure to buckle and to collapse."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "有那么一些人 他们的“糟了”时刻比其他人多 其中最糟的是新毕业的商学院学生", "en": ["So there are a number of people who have a lot more \"uh-oh\" moments than others, and among the worst are recent graduates of business school."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们说谎，他们欺骗，很容易受干扰 他们的建筑构造非常蹩脚", "en": ["They lie, they cheat, they get distracted and they produce really lame structures."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当然也有一些团队 他们创造了更多的“哈哈”时刻 其中最好的，就是新毕业的幼儿园小朋友", "en": ["And of course there are teams that have a lot more \"ta-da\" structures, and among the best are recent graduates of kindergarten."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个真是很神奇", "en": ["And it's pretty amazing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "正如PETER告诉我们的 他们不但造出了最高的建筑 而且他们搭建的结构也是最有趣的", "en": ["As Peter tells us, not only do they produce the tallest structures, but they're the most interesting structures of them all."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以你会问 这是怎么回事？他们到底有什么特点？", "en": ["So the question you want to ask is: How come? Why? What is it about them?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "Peter喜欢这样说： “因为没有任何孩子企图做 意大利面条公司的总裁。” 是的", "en": ["And Peter likes to say that none of the kids spend any time trying to be CEO of Spaghetti, Inc. Right?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们没在争夺权力上花任何时间", "en": ["They don't spend time jockeying for power."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是其中还有另一个原因", "en": ["But there's another reason as well."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为商学院的学生受过的专业训练是 去寻找一个正确的计划", "en": ["And the reason is that business students are trained to find the single right plan, right?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后他们按照计划执行", "en": ["And then they execute on it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然而事实是， 当他们把棉花糖放到顶部时 他们用完了有限的时间，然后呢", "en": ["And then what happens is, when they put the marshmallow on the top, they run out of time and what happens?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "危机就降临了", "en": ["It's a crisis."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "听着很熟悉吧？是的。", "en": ["Sound familiar? Right."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "幼儿园的孩子的做法不一样 他们从棉花糖开始 他们先建一个样板模型， 然后不断在模型上加建， 其间总是让棉花糖保持在最上面 所以他们一直有很多机会去不断修正样板模型", "en": ["What kindergarteners do differently is that they start with the marshmallow, and they build prototypes, successive prototypes, always keeping the marshmallow on top, so they have multiple times to fix when they build prototypes along the way."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "于是设计者认识到这种合作是 这个互动过程中的重要因素", "en": ["Designers recognize this type of collaboration as the essence of the iterative process."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对每个版本，孩子都会迅速地得到反馈 他们知道什么行，什么不行", "en": ["And with each version, kids get instant feedback about what works and what doesn't work."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以把握雏形的能力是真正的关键 让我们来看看不同的队伍是怎样表现的", "en": ["So the capacity to play in prototype is really essential, but let's look at how different teams perform."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "大多数人建的塔的平均高度是20英尺 商学院学生， 大概是一半 律师好一些， 但也好不到哪里去 幼儿园的孩子，比大多数的成年人要好", "en": ["So the average for most people is around 20 inches; business schools students, about half of that; lawyers, a little better, but not much better than that, kindergarteners, better than most adults."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谁做得最好呢？", "en": ["Who does the very best?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "建筑师和工程师，谢天谢地。", "en": ["Architects and engineers, thankfully."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我见过的最高的塔是39英寸", "en": ["Thirty-nine inches is the tallest structure I've seen."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "为什么呢？因为他们懂得三角形 和自我巩固的几何模式 是建筑 稳定结构的关键", "en": ["And why is it? Because they understand triangles and self-reinforcing geometrical patterns are the key to building stable structures."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "总裁们比平均水平稍好一些 但是有趣的是", "en": ["So CEOs, a little bit better than average, but here's where it gets interesting."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果你在他们的小组里加一个行政助理 他们的成绩马上变得好很多", "en": ["If you put you put an executive admin. on the team, they get significantly better."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这真是令人难以置信， 你四处看看， 你说：“那个小组会赢。”", "en": ["It's incredible. You know, you look around, you go, \"Oh, that team's going to win.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你很早就知道， 为什么呢？", "en": ["You can just tell beforehand. And why is that?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为他们有特殊的 简化技巧", "en": ["Because they have special skills of facilitation."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们管理流程， 他们懂得流程", "en": ["They manage the process, they understand the process."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "总之，任何一个小组积极管理并 专注于工作本身的话 小组的表现就有显著的提高", "en": ["And any team who manages and pays close attention to work will significantly improve the team's performance."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "特殊技能以及善于使用简便的手法 两者的结合带来了成功", "en": ["Specialized skills and facilitation skills are the combination that leads to strong success."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果你有10个队参加这个活动 其中大概有6个队可以搭建可以直立的结构", "en": ["If you have 10 teams that typically perform, you'll get maybe six or so that have standing structures."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我做了一个有趣的尝试", "en": ["And I tried something interesting."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想， 我们不妨来赌一次", "en": ["I thought, let's up the ante, once."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以我就提供了价值10万美元的软件给得胜的小组", "en": ["So I offered a 10,000 dollar prize of software to the winning team."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你猜猜那些学设计的学生们会有什么样的反应？", "en": ["So what do you think happened to these design students?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "结果如何？", "en": ["What was the result?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这就是结果 没有一个小组完成了一个站立的建筑", "en": ["Here's what happened: Not one team had a standing structure."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "哪怕任何一个小组完成一个一英寸的建筑 他们就可以把奖杯捧回去", "en": ["If anyone had built, say, a one inch structure, they would have taken home the prize."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，很有意思的是 高额奖金会有很大的影响。", "en": ["So, isn't that interesting? That high stakes have a strong impact."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "之后我们在同样的学生中又重复了这个活动", "en": ["We did the exercise again with the same students."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你猜猜结果怎样？", "en": ["What do you think happened then?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这回他们知道了做样版模型的价值", "en": ["So now they understand the value of prototyping."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以最差的那个小组 成为了最好的小组", "en": ["So the same team went from being the very worst to being among the very best."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们用最少的时间完成了最高的建筑", "en": ["They produced the tallest structures in the least amount of time."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这些对我们都有很深的教育意义 揭示了奖励和成功的本质", "en": ["So there's deep lessons for us about the nature of incentives and success."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，你也许会问：怎么会有人 花时间写这么一个棉花糖的挑战", "en": ["So, you might ask: Why would anyone actually spend time writing a marshmallow challenge?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "原因是我可以用 电子工具和流程 来帮助人们造汽车，电子游戏 和模拟视觉效果", "en": ["And the reason is, I help create digital tools and processes to help teams build cars and video games and visual effects."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而棉花糖的挑战教会我们 识别隐藏着的一些假设", "en": ["And what the marshmallow challenge does is it helps them identify the hidden assumptions."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为， 坦白说 每个项目都有它们自己的棉花糖", "en": ["Because, frankly, every project has its own marshmallow, doesn't it?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个挑战提供了可以分享的经验 一种共同的语言 处理问题的通用方法", "en": ["The challenge provides a shared experience, a common language, a common stance to build the right prototype."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "就是这个简单的练习", "en": ["of this so simple exercise."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "可以给我们提供的有价值的经验 你们如果有兴趣 可以去marshmallowchallenge.com网站", "en": ["And those of you who are interested may want to go to MarshmallowChallenge.com."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是一个你可以阅读的博客 告诉你怎样搭建棉花糖建筑", "en": ["It's a blog that you can look at how to build the marshmallows."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那里有具体的步骤说明", "en": ["There's step-by-step instructions on this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "还有来自世界各地的稀奇古怪的例子 人们怎样调整系统", "en": ["There are crazy examples from around the world of how people tweak and adjust the system."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那里有世界记录", "en": ["There's world records that are on this as well."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而我相信， 最根本的教意是： 设计其实是 一种交流运动", "en": ["And the fundamental lesson, I believe, is that design truly is a contact sport."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它要求我们把我们所有的神志都放到任务中 要求我们运用最佳的思维状态 我们的感知我们的行动 来迎接我们面对的挑战", "en": ["It demands that we bring all of our senses to the task, and that we apply the very best of our thinking, our feeling and our doing to the challenge that we have at hand."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而有的时候， 一个小小的样板模型的经验 会帮助我们 将“糟了” 的那一刻变成了“”哈哈”的一刻", "en": ["And sometimes, a little prototype of this experience is all that it takes to turn us from an \"uh-oh\" moment to a \"ta-da\" moment."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那造成的结果是大不同的", "en": ["And that can make a big difference."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢你们", "en": ["Thank you very much."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "让我们设想这里有一台机器，", "en": ["Let's pretend right here we have a machine."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它是一个很大的，很酷的，很TED的机器， 它是一个时间机器。", "en": ["A big machine, a cool, TED-ish machine, and it's a time machine."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这里每个人都要走进这个时间机器。", "en": ["And everyone in this room has to get into it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你可以选择返回过去或走到未来， 就是不能停在当下。", "en": ["And you can go backwards, you can go forwards; you cannot stay where you are."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我在想你们会怎么选，近来我问了我的朋友很多次这个问题， 他们的回答都是“回到过去”。", "en": ["And I wonder what you'd choose, because I've been asking my friends this question a lot lately and they all want to go back."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我不理解。他们说，要回到没有汽车、 没有twitter或《美国偶像》的年代。", "en": ["I don't know. They want to go back before there were automobiles or Twitter or \"American Idol.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我真的不理解。", "en": ["I don't know."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我敢肯定，这里必然是有一些怀旧的情愫 或者是痴心妄想。", "en": ["I'm convinced that there's some sort of pull to nostalgia, to wishful thinking."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这我也能理解。", "en": ["And I understand that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是我必须承认，我跟他们不是一伙的。", "en": ["I'm not part of that crowd, I have to say."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我不想回到过去，不是因为我喜欢冒险，", "en": ["I don't want to go back, and it's not because I'm adventurous."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而是因为这个地球上的可能性， 不是走到过去可以获得的，你要走到未来。", "en": ["It's because possibilities on this planet, they don't go back, they go forward."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "也就是说，我想走进这个机器，走到未来。", "en": ["So I want to get in the machine, and I want to go forward."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们这个时代是最美好的时代， 不管你用何种方式来衡量，如： 健康、财富、 流动性、机遇、 患病率不断下降。", "en": ["This is the greatest time there's ever been on this planet by any measure that you wish to choose: health, wealth, mobility, opportunity, declining rates of disease ..."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "从来没有过这么好的时代。", "en": ["There's never been a time like this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我的曾祖父母 在60岁的时候就死去了。", "en": ["My great-grandparents died, all of them, by the time they were 60."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我的祖父母70多岁就死了。", "en": ["My grandparents pushed that number to 70."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我的父母过世时是80几岁。", "en": ["My parents are closing in on 80."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我希望我死去的时候 是在一个9数字开头的时候。", "en": ["So there better be a nine at the beginning of my death number."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但这不仅仅是关乎我们这些人的事情， 因为事实比我们自身大得多。", "en": ["But it's not even about people like us, because this is a bigger deal than that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "今天在新德里出生的一个小孩 可以像100年前世界上最富的人", "en": ["A kid born in New Delhi today can expect to live as long as the richest man in the world did 100 years ago."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "一样长寿命。 大家认真想想。这是个很了不起的事实啊。", "en": ["Think about that, it's an incredible fact."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "为什么会出现这样的事实呢？", "en": ["And why is it true?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "是因为我们消灭了天花。 天花曾夺去了地球上数以亿计的人的生命。", "en": ["Smallpox. Smallpox killed billions of people on this planet."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它重塑了地球的人口布局， 这是任何战争也无法相比的。", "en": ["It reshaped the demography of the globe in a way that no war ever has."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但今天它已被彻底消灭了。", "en": ["It's gone. It's vanished."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "是人类铲除了它。", "en": ["We vanquished it. Puff."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在当今的富有社会里 仅仅一代人之前还给数百万人的生命带来威胁的疾病已经 几乎不再出现了。", "en": ["In the rich world, diseases that threatened millions of us just a generation ago no longer exist, hardly."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "白喉, 德国麻疹，小儿麻痹症都几乎不存在了。", "en": ["Diphtheria, rubella, polio ..."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你们知道这些名字是什么意思吗？", "en": ["does anyone even know what those things are?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "疫苗和现代医学 以及人类为数百万人提供食品的能力， 这些都是科学方法的胜利。", "en": ["Vaccines, modern medicine, our ability to feed billions of people, those are triumphs of the scientific method."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在我看来，科学方法 就是不断的尝试， 检验，改变的过程。 它本身也是人类最伟大的功绩之一。", "en": ["And to my mind, the scientific method -- trying stuff out, seeing if it works, changing it when it doesn't -- is one of the great accomplishments of humanity."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以这些都是好消息。", "en": ["So that's the good news."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但不幸的是，好消息就这么多， 因为我们还遇到了其他一些难题，也被提到过很多次。", "en": ["Unfortunately, that's all the good news because there are some other problems, and they've been mentioned many times."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "其中一个就是， 虽然我们取得了巨大的进步， 但是现在世界上还有10亿人吃不饱肚子， 每天，他们都在忍受饥饿的折磨。", "en": ["And one of them is that despite all our accomplishments, a billion people go to bed hungry in this world every day."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这一数字还在上升，并且上升的速度很快。这是足以让我们丢脸的。", "en": ["That number's rising, and it's rising really rapidly, and it's disgraceful."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不仅如此，人类的想象力 还给地球带来了巨大的垃圾。", "en": ["And not only that, we've used our imagination to thoroughly trash this globe."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "饮用水、可耕地、 热带雨林、石油、天然气， 这些资源都在消失，并且消失的速度也很快。 除非我们懂得去创新， 否则我们就没有任何希望了。", "en": ["Potable water, arable land, rainforests, oil, gas: they're going away, and they're going away soon, and unless we innovate our way out of this mess, we're going away too."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "问题是：我们做得到吗？我想我们可以做到。", "en": ["So the question is: Can we do that? And I think we can."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我认为我们可以生产出足以养活数十亿人的粮食， 而不会损害他们赖以生存的土地。", "en": ["I think it's clear that we can make food that will feed billions of people without raping the land that they live on."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我认为我们可以找到环境友好的能源 来供给世界能量。", "en": ["I think we can power this world with energy that doesn't also destroy it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我确实是深信这样的理论的，这绝对不是臆想。", "en": ["I really do believe that, and, no, it ain't wishful thinking."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但我总是遇到让我晚上睡不着觉的事情。 这是其中一个让我晚上睡不着的事情。 人类历史上从来没有象今天这样急需科技的进步", "en": ["But here's the thing that keeps me up at night -- one of the things that keeps me up at night: We've never needed progress in science more than we need it right now. Never."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而历史上我们也从未有过像今天这样的时机， 我们可以按照我们的意愿去使用这些科技。", "en": ["And we've also never been in a position to deploy it properly in the way that we can today."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在许多领域，我们都站在了惊人发现的 时代。 事实上，我认为我们需要往回看， 回到300年前，回到文艺复兴之前的年代， 只有在那个年代，才有人要抵抗进步， 才会有人比我们今天更加 猛烈的去反抗科技的进步。", "en": ["We're on the verge of amazing, amazing events in many fields, and yet I actually think we'd have to go back hundreds, 300 years, before the Enlightenment, to find a time when we battled progress, when we fought about these things more vigorously, on more fronts, than we do now."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "人们总是喜欢把自己放在自己的理念框架里， 他们把自己包得那么死，往往无法脱身。", "en": ["People wrap themselves in their beliefs, and they do it so tightly that you can't set them free."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "即使是听到了真理也不能使他们产生动摇。", "en": ["Not even the truth will set them free."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "听着，每个人都可以坚持他的观点， 他们甚至可以坚持他们关于进步的观点，", "en": ["And, listen, everyone's entitled to their opinion; they're even entitled to their opinion about progress."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但你知道你不能坚持什么吗？", "en": ["But you know what you're not entitled to?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你不能只坚持你自己所知道的事实。真的，你不能。", "en": ["You're not entitled to your own facts. Sorry, you're not."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我也是花了一段时间才领悟出来的", "en": ["And this took me awhile to figure out."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "大约十年前，我给《纽约客》写了一个故事 一个关于疫苗小故事。", "en": ["About a decade ago, I wrote a story about vaccines for The New Yorker. A little story."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但我发现竟然有那么多人要反对我 他们反对的是 人类历史上最有效的公共卫生预防措施。", "en": ["And I was amazed to find opposition: opposition to what is, after all, the most effective public health measure in human history."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我真的不知该怎么做， 我就只做自己该做的。故事写完，我就做别的事。", "en": ["I didn't know what to do, so I just did what I do: I wrote a story and I moved on."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不久之后， 我写了一个关于转基因食物的文章。", "en": ["And soon after that, I wrote a story about genetically engineered food."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "又是收到了大量的反对，声浪大于上一次。", "en": ["Same thing, only bigger."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "人们简直是发疯了。", "en": ["People were going crazy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "于是我也就此写了一个文章， 我真的不能理解为何人们会把这理解为 “恶魔食物”， 我不理解，为何人们会认为按照特定的方式 而非任意的方式，来搬运生物分子 是在玩弄自然。", "en": ["So I wrote a story about that too, and I couldn't understand why people thought this was \"Frankenfoods,\" why they thought moving molecules around in a specific, rather than a haphazard way, was trespassing on nature's ground."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不过我还是只做我该做的。故事写完后，我就不管它了。", "en": ["But, you know, I do what I do. I wrote the story, I moved on."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我是个记者，", "en": ["I mean, I'm a journalist."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们的工作就是写文章，发表，吃饭，这就是我们的生活。", "en": ["We type, we file, we go to dinner. It's fine."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是这些见闻还是让我心里感到不舒服， 我也不知道是什么原因，直到后来我才知道。", "en": ["But these stories bothered me, and I couldn't figure out why, and eventually I did."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那些曾经把我逼疯的狂热分子 事实上并非狂热分子", "en": ["And that's because those fanatics that were driving me crazy weren't actually fanatics at all."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们都是有想法的人，受过良好教育的人，正直的公民。", "en": ["They were thoughtful people, educated people, decent people."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们就像这个房间里的人们。", "en": ["They were exactly like the people in this room."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这确实让我十分头疼，", "en": ["And it just disturbed me so much."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "后来我想，说实话：", "en": ["But then I thought, you know, let's be honest."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们今天的时代对于进步的关系 已经不同于往日了。", "en": ["We're at a point in this world where we don't have the same relationship to progress that we used to."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们现在是以一种很疑惑的眼光来看待进步。", "en": ["We talk about it ambivalently."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们会以讽刺的口吻来谈论进步 并且会加上引号：“进步”。", "en": ["We talk about it in ironic terms with little quotes around it: \"progress.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想是有原因的，我们也知道是什么原因。", "en": ["Okay, there are reasons for that, and I think we know what those reasons are."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们对于民间机构， 对政府， 有时甚至是对科学，已经失去了信任， 也许我们确实有不信任的理由。", "en": ["We've lost faith in institutions, in authority, and sometimes in science itself, and there's no reason we shouldn't have."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "讲出几个名字你就知道 是什么原因了。", "en": ["You can just say a few names and people will understand."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "切尔诺贝利，博帕尔，挑战者号， 还有Vioxx抗关节炎药, 大规模杀伤性武器， 半打出的选票。", "en": ["Chernobyl, Bhopal, the Challenger, Vioxx, weapons of mass destruction, hanging chads."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想大家可以在自己心中把这样一个清单列出来。 我们过去完全信任的永远是对的， 现在都出问题了。 所以大家还是应当要有一点怀疑的态度。", "en": ["You know, you can choose your list. There are questions and problems with the people we used to believe were always right, so be skeptical."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "要问几个问题，要索求证明和证据。", "en": ["Ask questions, demand proof, demand evidence."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "凡事千万不能信以为真。", "en": ["Don't take anything for granted."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但有一点需要注意，当你获得证据的时候， 你需要接受那样的证据，但我们并不善于这么做。", "en": ["But here's the thing: When you get proof, you need to accept the proof, and we're not that good at doing that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "原因，我认为是 我们现在都得了恐惧的传染病， 这样一种传染病之广度和深度是我从未经历的，更希望以后不会再次出现。", "en": ["And the reason that I can say that is because we're now in an epidemic of fear like one I've never seen and hope never to see again."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "12年前，媒体暴光了一则消息， 那是一个非常可怕的消息， 它将自闭症 与接受麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗注射关联在一起。", "en": ["About 12 years ago, there was a story published, a horrible story, that linked the epidemic of autism to the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine shot."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "确实很可怕。", "en": ["Very scary."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "于是有大量的研究围绕这一事件而展开。", "en": ["Tons of studies were done to see if this was true."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "确实有必要做这些研究，因为那确实是一个严重的事件。", "en": ["Tons of studies should have been done; it's a serious issue."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "最后数据出来了。", "en": ["The data came back."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "来自美国、英国 瑞典、加拿大的数据验证了 同样的结论，即自闭症和疫苗二者之间没有关联， 没有任何联系，根本没有联系。", "en": ["The data came back from the United States, from England, from Sweden, from Canada, and it was all the same: no correlation, no connection, none at all."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但这个结果对于大众而言没有太大意义。 因为我们喜欢听小故事， 我们会相信我们眼睛看到的，相信我们内心认为我们看到的 相信那些让我们觉得真实的事情。", "en": ["It doesn't matter. It doesn't matter because we believe anecdotes, we believe what we see, what we think we see, what makes us feel real."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但就是不相信一堆的化验文件， 不相信来自政府部门的数据， 我也能理解这一点，我想我们所有人都有这样的心理。", "en": ["We don't believe a bunch of documents from a government official giving us data, and I do understand that, I think we all do."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但后果如何呢？", "en": ["But you know what?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "后果令人不堪设想，", "en": ["The result of that has been disastrous."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "请听这个事实： 美国是世界上唯一一个 麻疹接种比例在下降的国家。", "en": ["Disastrous because here's a fact: The United States is one of the only countries in the world where the vaccine rate for measles is going down."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这足以让我们感到羞辱， 我们应当为此感到惭愧。", "en": ["That is disgraceful, and we should be ashamed of ourselves."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是很可怕的事情。", "en": ["It's horrible."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "到底是因为什么 才使得这样的事情发生？", "en": ["What kind of a thing happened that we could do that?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在我明白了。真的明白了。", "en": ["Now, I understand it. I do understand it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "请问这里有人得过麻疹吗？", "en": ["Because, did anyone have measles here?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你们当中有人看到别人因为患上了麻疹而死亡吗？", "en": ["Has one person in this audience ever seen someone die of measles?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不多、不多。", "en": ["Doesn't happen very much."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "事实上它也不会发生在这个国家， 但是，过去一年里，有16万人因为患有麻疹而死去。", "en": ["Doesn't happen in this country at all, but it happened 160,000 times in the world last year."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个数字是巨大的， 基本是每个小时有20人因此而死去。", "en": ["That's a lot of death of measles -- 20 an hour."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是因为它不是发生在我们身边，我们可以不管这事情， 像Jenny McCarthy那样的人 则依然能够在 奥普拉和拉里金的节目上 传播他们的畏惧和无知信息。", "en": ["But since it didn't happen here, we can put it out of our minds, and people like Jenny McCarthy can go around preaching messages of fear and illiteracy from platforms like \"Oprah\" and \"Larry King Live.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们之所以这么做 是因为他们没有把原因与关联放在一起看。", "en": ["And they can do it because they don't link causation and correlation."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们也不知道，那些看上去一样的东西 事实上从来都不是一样的。", "en": ["They don't understand that these things seem the same, but they're almost never the same."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们需要从中汲取经验教训，并且越早越好。", "en": ["And it's something we need to learn, and we need to learn it really soon."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这位叫Jonas Salk的男士是一个英雄。", "en": ["This guy was a hero, Jonas Salk."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为他发明了小儿麻痹症的疫苗使得人们避免了这最严重的灾难。", "en": ["He took one of the worst scourges of mankind away from us."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在人们不需要去畏惧患上这一疾病了，也不会有患病带来的痛楚，小儿麻痹症消失了。", "en": ["No fear, no agony. Polio -- puff, gone."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "中间那个男人就不是那么风光了。", "en": ["That guy in the middle, not so much."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他叫Paul Offit。", "en": ["His name is Paul Offit."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他与其他几位研究者一道发明了轮状病毒疫苗。", "en": ["He just developed a rotavirus vaccine with a bunch of other people."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这一疫苗每一年可以拯救发展中国家 4亿50万孩子的生命。", "en": ["It'll save the lives of 400 to 500,000 kids in the developing world every year."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "应当是好事，不是吗？", "en": ["Pretty good, right?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "确实是很好。这是Paul会四处跟人们讲这一疫苗， 说它们有多好， 并称人们从此可以告别苦楚。", "en": ["Well, it's good, except that Paul goes around talking about vaccines and says how valuable they are and that people ought to just stop the whining."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他确实是这么说的。", "en": ["And he actually says it that way."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此，我们把Paul当成是恐怖主义分子。", "en": ["So, Paul's a terrorist."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当Paul要公开作证的时候， 他身边必须要有武装保安。", "en": ["When Paul speaks in a public hearing, he can't testify without armed guards."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他在家里会接到恐吓电话 因为人们会跟他说 他们知道他孩子在哪里上学。", "en": ["He gets called at home because people like to tell him that they remember where his kids go to school."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "为什么？因为Paul发明了一种疫苗。", "en": ["And why? Because Paul made a vaccine."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我本不需要讲这个的，但疫苗确实是极其重要的。", "en": ["I don't need to say this, but vaccines are essential."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "一旦停止疫苗注射，疾病又会卷土重来， 并且是非常可怕的疾病，这样的事情正在发生。", "en": ["You take them away, disease comes back, horrible diseases. And that's happening."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在美国也出现麻疹了。", "en": ["We have measles in this country now."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "并且情况变得越来越糟糕， 不久，就会有孩子因为患上这个病而死，这只是一个数字问题。", "en": ["And it's getting worse, and pretty soon kids are going to die of it again because it's just a numbers game."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不仅仅是麻疹呢。", "en": ["And they're not just going to die of measles."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "还有小儿麻痹症，谁敢说它不会重新出现？", "en": ["What about polio? Let's have that. Why not?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我的一位大学同学几周前给我写了一封信， 她说我现在有点太过张扬了。", "en": ["A college classmate of mine wrote me a couple weeks ago and said she thought I was a little strident."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "之前从来没有人这么说的。", "en": ["No one's ever said that before."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "她说她不打算给孩子接种小儿麻痹症疫苗。 肯定不会。", "en": ["She wasn't going to vaccinate her kid against polio, no way."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "好吧。", "en": ["Fine."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "为什么？因为这个国家没有小儿麻痹症。但你知道吗？", "en": ["Why? Because we don't have polio. And you know what?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们昨天没有这个传染病。", "en": ["We didn't have polio in this country yesterday."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "今天，我不知道，也许一位嘉宾从拉各斯上飞机， 他的目的地是洛杉矶机场，现在已经到了俄亥俄州。", "en": ["Today, I don't know, maybe a guy got on a plane in Lagos this morning, and he's flying to LAX, right now he's over Ohio."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "几个小时之后他就要到达地面，他会打车 来到长滩市， 来到这里参加其中一场TED晚宴。", "en": ["And he's going to land in a couple of hours, he's going to rent a car, and he's going to come to Long Beach, and he's going to attend one of these fabulous TED dinners tonight."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他不知道自己是感染了小儿麻痹症， 我们也不知道，这就是世界的事实。", "en": ["And he doesn't know that he's infected with a paralytic disease, and we don't either because that's the way the world works."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们地球的事实就是这样的。不要以为不是。", "en": ["That's the planet we live on. Don't pretend it isn't."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们喜欢相信谎言。我们都很喜欢这么做。", "en": ["Now, we love to wrap ourselves in lies. We love to do it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你们每个人早上都吃了维他命片吗？", "en": ["Everyone take their vitamins this morning?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "或者紫锥花，或者一点的抗氧化剂， 只有吃过那些你才感觉比较清醒。", "en": ["Echinacea, a little antioxidant to get you going."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你之所以这么做，是因为每天有半数的美国人也这么做。", "en": ["I know you did because half of Americans do every day."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们会吃这东西，，也会吃替代药物， 尽管我们已经知道 这些东西实际上是无效的。", "en": ["They take the stuff, and they take alternative medicines, and it doesn't matter how often we find out that they're useless."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "数据就是这么说的。", "en": ["The data says it all the time."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "吃这些只会使得你的尿液变黑。除此以外，它们不起任何作用。", "en": ["They darken your urine. They almost never do more than that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "假如你愿意花280亿美元来获得一些黑色的尿液，", "en": ["It's okay, you want to pay 28 billion dollars for dark urine?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我也没有反对。", "en": ["I'm totally with you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "是黑色的尿液，黑色的哦。", "en": ["Dark urine. Dark."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "为什么要这么做呢？为什么？", "en": ["Why do we do that? Why do we do that?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想我也许能理解。我们这个国家药品行业非常庞大。", "en": ["Well, I think I understand, we hate Big Pharma."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而我们都讨厌大政府，因为我们对那里面的人不信任。", "en": ["We hate Big Government. We don't trust the Man."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但我们不一定要这么做。我们的医保体制很烂。", "en": ["And we shouldn't: Our health care system sucks."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对于数百万的国民来讲，那是一个残酷体制", "en": ["It's cruel to millions of people."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而对于那些能够支付起的人们来说 这也绝对是非常冷酷和无情的一种医疗体制。", "en": ["It's absolutely astonishingly cold and soul-bending to those of us who can even afford it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "于是我们就想办法逃离这样体制。逃到哪里去呢？", "en": ["So we run away from it, and where do we run?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们投入了安慰剂的巨大怀抱。", "en": ["We leap into the arms of Big Placebo."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个很精彩哦，我很喜欢安慰剂。", "en": ["That's fantastic. I love Big Placebo."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是你要知道，这的确是个严重的事情 缘于这东西是一个破烂货， 但我们却花了数以亿计的银子来购买安慰剂。", "en": ["But, you know, it's really a serious thing because this stuff is crap, and we spend billions of dollars on it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我这里带来了各种各样的样品。", "en": ["And I have all sorts of little props here."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它们当中没有一样是有效，不管是银杏果， 紫锥花， 阿薩伊果，都是幌子。我甚至不知道这是什么， 但是我们就花了数十亿银子来购买它们，这是欺骗。", "en": ["None of it ... ginkgo, fraud; echinacea, fraud; acai -- I don't even know what that is but we're spending billions of dollars on it -- it's fraud."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但你知道吗？当我说到这里的时候，人们会对我尖叫。 他们会说，“你管什么闲事！让人们自己去做选择就行啦！", "en": ["And you know what? When I say this stuff, people scream at me, and they say, \"What do you care? Let people do what they want to do."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "吃安慰剂至少使人们内心感到舒服些啊！\"", "en": ["It makes them feel good.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你晓得吗？你们错了。", "en": ["And you know what? You're wrong."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我是不会放在心里的。 假如美国健康与公共事业部部长 说，“我才不管专家 所找到的关于乳房X线照片的证据呢\" 或者是一个癌症庸医想通过 咖啡灌肠来医治他的病人。", "en": ["Because I don't care if it's the secretary of HHS who's saying, \"Hmm, I'm not going to take the evidence of my experts on mammograms,\" or some cancer quack who wants to treat his patient with coffee enemas."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "假如你相信信念和魔术 而非证据与科学的话， 你最终只会去到一个你不想去到的地方。", "en": ["When you start down the road where belief and magic replace evidence and science, you end up in a place you don't want to be."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "也许你最终会成为南非前领导人姆贝基。 他坚持相信 甜菜根蒜和柠檬油 比起我们所知可延缓艾滋病的抗逆转录病毒药物对于治疗艾滋病 更有效 这导致了40万人因为感染艾滋病而死亡。", "en": ["You end up in Thabo Mbeki South Africa. He killed 400,000 of his people by insisting that beetroot, garlic and lemon oil were much more effective than the antiretroviral drugs we know can slow the course of AIDS."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "成千上万的本不必要死亡的人们 因此而死。 那里恰恰又是全球感染艾滋病最严重的地区。", "en": ["Hundreds of thousands of needless deaths in a country that has been plagued worse than any other by this disease."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "请不要跟我说这些事例是 不会产生严重后果的。", "en": ["Please, don't tell me there are no consequences to these things."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "后果是有的 ，总是会有的。", "en": ["There are. There always are."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在，我们遇到的最无知的传染病 就是转基因作物 与有机精耕作物 两个阵营之间的 愚蠢对抗。", "en": ["Now, the most mindless epidemic we're in the middle of right now is this absurd battle between proponents of genetically engineered food and the organic elite."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这也是一个愚蠢的争辩。我们必须停止这样的争辩了。", "en": ["It's an idiotic debate. It has to stop."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为争辩的只是字眼和隐喻本身。", "en": ["It's a debate about words, about metaphors."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "是关于意识形态的争辩，而不是关于科学的争辩。", "en": ["It's ideology, it's not science."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们吃进肚子里的每一样东西，每一颗饭， 每一根香菜， 每根布鲁塞尔豆芽 都曾被人类改变过。", "en": ["Every single thing we eat, every grain of rice, every sprig of parsley, every Brussels sprout has been modified by man."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为在伊甸园里本来就没有橘子的，", "en": ["You know, there weren't tangerines in the garden of Eden."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "也没有哈密瓜， 更不会有圣诞树。都是人造出来的。", "en": ["There wasn't any cantaloupe. There weren't Christmas trees. We made it all."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "人类在过去一万一千年里造出了这些东西。", "en": ["We made it over the last 11,000 years."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "有些试验成功了，有些失败了。", "en": ["And some of it worked, and some of it didn't."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那些失败的尝试就被抛弃了。", "en": ["We got rid of the stuff that didn't."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而现在我们可以以一种更为精准的方式来做试验。 这肯定会有风险的。 但是我们可以把维他命A放到水稻的基因里， 这将会拯救数百万人的生命， 或者延长他们的寿命。", "en": ["Now we can do it in a more precise way -- and there are risks, absolutely -- but we can put something like vitamin A into rice, and that stuff can help millions of people, millions of people, prolong their lives."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你不愿做这样的努力吗？", "en": ["You don't want to do that?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我只能说，我对此不理解。", "en": ["I have to say, I don't understand it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们不少人在反对转基因食物。", "en": ["We object to genetically engineered food."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "为什么呢？", "en": ["Why do we do that?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我经常听到的理由是： （转基因食物）太多化学成分了， 太多农药、荷尔蒙， 单一化的生产， 确实我们不希望数百亩的地都是生产同样的作物，那样不好。", "en": ["Well, the things I constantly hear are: Too many chemicals, pesticides, hormones, monoculture, we don't want giant fields of the same thing, that's wrong."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们也不想让商业公司为新作物打上专利。", "en": ["We don't companies patenting life."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们也不想让大公司垄断种子。", "en": ["We don't want companies owning seeds."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你能猜想我对这些反对意见的回应吗？", "en": ["And you know what my response to all of that is?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对，猜对了，让我们一起来解决这些问题。", "en": ["Yes, you're right. Let's fix it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不错，我们遇到了非常严重的食品问题， 但这不是科学的问题。", "en": ["It's true, we've got a huge food problem, but this isn't science."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为这与科学无关。", "en": ["This has nothing to do with science."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是法律、伦理、专利法相关的问题。", "en": ["It's law, it's morality, it's patent stuff."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "要知道，科学并非一家公司，", "en": ["You know science isn't a company."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "也不是一个国家，", "en": ["It's not a country."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "甚至不是一个想法，它是一个过程。", "en": ["It's not even an idea; it's a process."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这样的过程有时候取得成功，有时候失败， 但因为我们畏惧 而认为我们不该让科学家去 做深入研究本职工作 是非常可怕的， 这也会阻碍了数以百万计的人 走向繁荣。", "en": ["It's a process, and sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't, but the idea that we should not allow science to do its job because we're afraid, is really very deadening, and it's preventing millions of people from prospering."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "未来的50年 我们需要比现在种植 多70%的粮食。", "en": ["You know, in the next 50 years we're going to have to grow 70 percent more food than we do right now, 70 percent."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是我们过去30年在非洲投资的总计。", "en": ["This investment in Africa over the last 30 years."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这让我们很丢脸。", "en": ["Disgraceful. Disgraceful."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那里的人需要这些，但我们偏偏不给。", "en": ["They need it, and we're not giving it to them."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "为什么？也是因为转基因食物。", "en": ["And why? Genetically engineered food."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们不鼓励人们去 吃变坏的食物，比如变坏的木薯。", "en": ["We don't want to encourage people to eat that rotten stuff, like cassava for instance."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "世界上有5000万人是靠吃木薯为生的。", "en": ["Cassava's something that half a billion people eat."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那是跟马铃薯比较像的一种作物。", "en": ["It's kind of like a potato."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "就只有卡路里，味道也不好。", "en": ["It's just a bunch of calories. It sucks."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "没有营养，也没有蛋白质， 现在有科学家在尝试 把这些加到木薯里。", "en": ["It doesn't have nutrients, it doesn't have protein, and scientists are engineering all of that into it right now."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "吃到这些经过改良的木薯的人就可以避免失明。", "en": ["And then people would be able to eat it and they'd be able to not go blind."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "也不会挨饿，你会了解到，", "en": ["They wouldn't starve, and you know what?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是好事情。虽然比不上高档餐厅， 但也是好事。", "en": ["That would be nice. It wouldn't be Chez Panisse, but it would be nice."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我只能说， 为什么有些人要反对这个？", "en": ["And all I can say about this is: Why are we fighting it?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "请大家问问自己：我们为何要反对？", "en": ["I mean, let's ask ourselves: Why are we fighting it?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为我们不想移动基因组吗？", "en": ["Because we don't want to move genes around?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这仅仅是移动了一些基因组，跟添加化学物质没有任何关联。", "en": ["This is about moving genes around. It's not about chemicals."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "跟荷尔蒙也没有关系。 我们总是希望获得更大的食物， 更好的食物，更专一的食物。", "en": ["It's not about our ridiculous passion for hormones, our insistence on having bigger food, better food, singular food."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这不是要造米酥， 只是想让一些人活下来， 现在是时候我们认真理解这过程的含义了。", "en": ["This isn't about Rice Krispies, this is about keeping people alive, and it's about time we started to understand what that meant."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你知道吗？", "en": ["Because, you know something?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "假如我们不这么做，而是坚持现在的做法， 我们未来将会因为一些我们不希望发生的事情而有负罪感， 那将是高科技的殖民主义。", "en": ["If we don't, if we continue to act the way we're acting, we're guilty of something that I don't think we want to be guilty of: high-tech colonialism."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "没有其他别的词语更合适于描述这一状况了。", "en": ["There's no other way to describe what's going on here."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是自私的，肮脏的， 这么做只会降低我们的尊严， 我们必须停止这么做。", "en": ["It's selfish, it's ugly, it's beneath us, and we really have to stop it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "好了，这样一场非常有趣的对话之后， 你也许会说，“你还会走进这一时间机器， 并且驶向未来吗？”", "en": ["So after this amazingly fun conversation, you might want to say, \"So, you still want to get in this ridiculous time machine and go forward?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那当然。我肯定会那么做。", "en": ["Absolutely. Absolutely, I do."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这机器现在停在当下， 但是我们遇到了非常好的机遇。", "en": ["It's stuck in the present right now, but we have an amazing opportunity."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们可以如愿任意设置时间机器。", "en": ["We can set that time machine on anything we want."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "想去那里就去那里， 我们可以去到我们真正希望到达的地方。", "en": ["We can move it where we want to move it, and we're going to move it where we want to move it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们需要开展这样的对话，我们需要思考， 当我们进入时间机器并且驶向未来时， 我们会为我们的选择感到高兴。", "en": ["We have to have these conversations and we have to think, but when we get in the time machine and we go ahead, we're going to be happy we do."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我相信我们可以， 而就我的理解， 这就是世界现在所需要的东西。", "en": ["I know that we can, and as far as I'm concerned, that's something the world needs right now."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢大家 谢谢", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "有一天， 洛杉矶时报的专栏作家 Steve Lopez走在洛杉矶 大街上 听到一曲美妙的乐曲", "en": ["One day, Los Angeles Times columnist Steve Lopez was walking along the streets of downtown Los Angeles when he heard beautiful music."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "音乐是从一个男人 一个非裔男人 一个颇有魅力， 粗旷的流浪汉 用一把只剩下两根弦的小提琴在演奏", "en": ["And the source was a man, an African-American man, charming, rugged, homeless, playing a violin that only had two strings."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我现在要讲的这个故事你们很多人已经知道了 因为Steve的专栏后来成了一本 书的基础，然后又被拍成电影 其中Robert Downey Jr 扮演Steve Lopez Jamie Foxx扮演了Nathaniel Anthony Ayer 他原本是茱莉亚音乐学院培训的双重贝斯手 不料他的职业生涯 却因为患上偏执型精神分裂症而不幸中断", "en": ["And I'm telling a story that many of you know, because Steve's columns became the basis for a book, which was turned into a movie, with Robert Downey Jr. acting as Steve Lopez, and Jamie Foxx as Nathaniel Anthony Ayers, the Juilliard-trained double bassist whose promising career was cut short by a tragic affliction with paranoid schizophrenia."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "Nathaniel从茱莉亚音乐学院辍学，他完全崩溃了 30年后的他流落在 洛杉矶 Skid Row 大街上无家可归", "en": ["Nathaniel dropped out of Juilliard, he suffered a complete breakdown, and 30 years later he was living homeless on the streets of Skid Row in downtown Los Angeles."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我鼓励大家都去看看Steve的书， 或者看看电影 不光是去理解这两个男人之间 建立的美好的纽带 而且也看看音乐是如果帮助建立这种纽带的 而那是最终改变Nathaniel流浪 生活的最有用的工具", "en": ["I encourage all of you to read Steve's book or to watch the movie to understand not only the beautiful bond that formed between these two men, but how music helped shape that bond, and ultimately was instrumental -- if you'll pardon the pun -- in helping Nathaniel get off the streets."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我和Ayers 先生在2008年相见 那是两年前在迪斯尼音乐厅", "en": ["I met Mr. Ayers in 2008, two years ago, at Walt Disney Concert Hall."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他才听了贝多芬第一，第四交响乐 到后天来自我介绍", "en": ["He had just heard a performance of Beethoven's First and Fourth symphonies, and came backstage and introduced himself."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他说话很愉快，很合群 提到了马友友和希拉里.克林顿 道奇队不可能进入世界联赛 而这都是因为最后一刻贝多芬第四交响乐中", "en": ["He was speaking in a very jovial and gregarious way about Yo-Yo Ma and Hillary Clinton and how the Dodgers were never going to make the World Series, all because of the treacherous first violin passage work in the last movement of Beethoven's Fourth Symphony."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "开始的那段变幻莫测的小提琴演奏起的作用 我们谈了一会儿音乐。 几天后我收到Steve的来信 告诉我Nathaniel有兴趣跟我说学小提琴", "en": ["And we got talking about music, and I got an email from Steve a few days later saying that Nathaniel was interested in a violin lesson with me."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我应该提一下的是Nathaniel拒绝治疗 因为当初他接受的是电击疗法 用的是镇静剂和手铐 那些伤疤从此留在了他的生活中", "en": ["Now, I should mention that Nathaniel refuses treatment because when he was treated it was with shock therapy and Thorazine and handcuffs, and that scar has stayed with him for his entire life."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "结果呢， 他的 精神分裂症现在变得更容易发作 最糟糕的表现是 他发作后 会消失几天 在Skid Row大街上流浪 暴露着内心的恐惧，让心灵的煎熬 在身上释放", "en": ["But as a result now, he is prone to these schizophrenic episodes, the worst of which can manifest themselves as him exploding and then disappearing for days, wandering the streets of Skid Row, exposed to its horrors, with the torment of his own mind unleashed upon him."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "Nathaniel当初就是处在这样的一种状态下 我们在迪斯尼音乐厅开始了第一课的时候 他的目光中夹杂着狂躁 他是一个迷失了方向的人", "en": ["And Nathaniel was in such a state of agitation when we started our first lesson at Walt Disney Concert Hall -- he had a kind of manic glint in his eyes, he was lost."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他提到了 无形的恶魔和烟雾 有人怎样在他睡觉时给他下毒", "en": ["And he was talking about invisible demons and smoke, and how someone was poisoning him in his sleep."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我感到很害怕 不是为我自己的安全担心， 而是害怕 我会失去他 他又会沉浸到他的某一种他的状态中 而我会毁了他和小提琴建立起来的关系 如果我开始讲音阶 和琶音和其他形式的精彩 的说教式的小提琴教学法", "en": ["And I was afraid, not for myself, but I was afraid that I was going to lose him, that he was going to sink into one of his states, and that I would ruin his relationship with the violin if I started talking about scales and arpeggios and other exciting forms of didactic violin pedagogy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "于是， 我开始拉琴", "en": ["So, I just started playing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我演奏了贝多芬小提琴协奏曲的第一乐章", "en": ["And I played the first movement of the Beethoven Violin Concerto."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当我演奏的时候 我知道Nathaniel的眼睛里有一种 奥妙的变化", "en": ["And as I played, I understood that there was a profound change occurring in Nathaniel's eyes."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "好象他抓住了什么隐形的药 象是经历了化学反应，而我的演奏 就是催化剂", "en": ["It was as if he was in the grip of some invisible pharmaceutical, a chemical reaction, for which my playing the music was its catalyst."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他的狂躁愤怒 也转化成理解 安静的好奇， 和优雅", "en": ["And Nathaniel's manic rage was transformed into understanding, a quiet curiosity and grace."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "神奇的是，他拿起了他的小提琴 他也跟着开始演奏 小提琴协奏曲的某些片断 然后他又要我来完成，门德尔松 柴可夫斯基，西贝柳斯 于是我们开始谈论音乐：从巴赫 到贝多芬，布拉姆斯 布鲁克纳， 所有名字以B打头的人 从巴托克一直到艾沙·佩卡·萨洛宁", "en": ["And in a miracle, he lifted his own violin and he started playing, by ear, certain snippets of violin concertos which he then asked me to complete -- Mendelssohn, And we started talking about music, from Bach to Beethoven and Brahms, Bruckner, all the B's, from Bartók, all the way up to Esa-Pekka Salonen."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我了解到他不但 是一本音乐大百科全书 而且他能将这些音乐跟他个人的感受联系起来", "en": ["And I understood that he not only had an encyclopedic knowledge of music, but he related to this music at a personal level."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他讲到那些东西时充满了激情和对音乐 深刻的理解，仿佛是我跟我在洛杉矶 交响乐团的同事们之间交流时一样", "en": ["He spoke about it with the kind of passion and understanding that I share with my colleagues in the Los Angeles Philharmonic."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "通过演奏音乐， 谈论音乐 这个人从一个 偏执，不安的 刚才还在洛杉矶 大街上晃悠的流浪汉 变成了一个迷人，博学 优秀的受过朱丽亚音乐学院教育的音乐家", "en": ["And through playing music and talking about music, this man had transformed from the paranoid, disturbed man that had just come from walking the streets of downtown Los Angeles to the charming, erudite, brilliant, Juilliard-trained musician."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "音乐是良药。音乐改变着我们", "en": ["Music is medicine. Music changes us."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对nathaniel来说， 音乐是帮助他开启心智", "en": ["And for Nathaniel, music is sanity."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为音乐可以帮他将他的思维 妄想，转换成形 通过他的想象力和创造力 变成现实", "en": ["Because music allows him to take his thoughts and delusions and shape them through his imagination and his creativity, into reality."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而正是这个帮助他从煎熬 中解脱出来", "en": ["And that is an escape from his tormented state."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而我知道这就是艺术的真髓", "en": ["And I understood that this was the very essence of art."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这正是我们创造音乐的原因 我们用我们每个人都拥有的一种内在 我们的最根本的核心 我们的感情 通过我们的艺术的镜头 通过我们的创造力，将我们的情感塑造成现实", "en": ["This was the very reason why we made music, that we take something that exists within all of us at our very fundamental core, our emotions, and through our artistic lens, through our creativity, we're able to shape those emotions into reality."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而这种现实的表达 传递给我们所有的人 感动我们， 启迪我们，团结我们", "en": ["And the reality of that expression reaches all of us and moves us, inspires and unites us."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而对Nathaniel 音乐把他带回到一群朋友中", "en": ["And for Nathaniel, music brought him back into a fold of friends."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "音乐的挽救力将他 带回到音乐的大家庭 这里人们理解他 承认他的天赋 尊重他", "en": ["The redemptive power of music brought him back into a family of musicians that understood him, that recognized his talents and respected him."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而我会永远为他创造音乐 无论是在迪斯尼的音乐厅 或者Skid Row的大街上， 因为他提示着我 为什么我要做音乐家", "en": ["And I will always make music with Nathaniel, whether we're at Walt Disney Concert Hall or on Skid Row, because he reminds me why I became a musician."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "Bruno Giussani:谢谢，谢谢", "en": ["Bruno Giussani: Thank you. Thanks."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "Robert Gupta.", "en": ["Robert Gupta."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "Robert Gupta：现在我给大家演奏一段我厚颜从大提琴手那里窃来的曲子", "en": ["Robert Gupta: I'm going to play something that I shamelessly stole from cellists."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以请原谅我", "en": ["So, please forgive me."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我叫JaneMcGonigal，我是一名游戏设计师", "en": ["I'm Jane McGonigal. I'm a game designer."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我从事网络游戏设计已经10年了 我未来十年的目标 就是希望能让 就像玩网络游戏那样 简单的解决现实生活中的问题", "en": ["I've been making games online now for 10 years, and my goal for the next decade is to try to make it as easy to save the world in real life as it is to save the world in online games."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在，我将解释一下我这么说的原因 如果人们能玩到一些更大型、更优秀的游戏 当然包括在座的诸位，并且能花费更多的时间在游戏上 你会觉得我的解释更有说服力", "en": ["Now, I have a plan for this, and it entails convincing more people, including all of you, to spend more time playing bigger and better games."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现如今的人们用在网络游戏上的时间可以达到每周30亿小时 现如今的人们用在网络游戏上的时间可以达到每周30亿小时", "en": ["Right now we spend three billion hours a week playing online games."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你们当中有些人可能会觉得 “花费了这么多时间玩游戏啊”", "en": ["Some of you might be thinking, \"That's a lot of time to spend playing games."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "也许有些多了，因为考虑到 现实生活中有很多的紧迫的问题需要我们去处理", "en": ["Maybe too much time, considering how many urgent problems we have to solve in the real world.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是，根据我在未来问题研究所 对相关问题的研究", "en": ["But actually, according to my research at the Institute for the Future, actually the opposite is true."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们花费在游戏上的时间一点也不多 每周30亿小时的游戏世间对于解决现实生活中的问题来说远远不足 每周30亿小时的游戏世间对于解决现实生活中的问题来说远远不足", "en": ["Three billion hours a week is not nearly enough game play to solve the world's most urgent problems."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "事实上，我觉得为了能更好得在地球上生存 事实上，我觉得为了能更好得在地球上生存 我们需要大量增加游戏时间", "en": ["In fact, I believe that if we want to survive the next century on this planet, we need to increase that total dramatically."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我曾经计算过，我们所需要的游戏时间 是每周210亿小时", "en": ["I've calculated the total we need at 21 billion hours of game play every week."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "也许这有些违背常理 但，我想重新说一遍，以便于让这种观念被充分理解 如果我们想解决诸如饥饿、 贫困、气候变化、全球冲突、肥胖等问题 我坚信我们需要被鼓励 人们去玩网络游戏 而且每周至少210亿小时", "en": ["So, that's probably a bit of a counter-intuitive idea, so I'll say it again, let it sink in: If we want to solve problems like hunger, poverty, climate change, global conflict, obesity, I believe that we need to aspire to play games online for at least 21 billion hours a week, by the end of the next decade."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当然，这将会在十年以后 其实，我是很认真的，不是玩笑", "en": ["No. I'm serious. I am."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这里是解释，我们把这种场景集合起来", "en": ["Here's why."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "就是之所以游戏对人类种族 能在未来生存非常重要的原因。真的", "en": ["This picture pretty much sums up why I think games are so essential to the future survival of the human species. Truly."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是一幅由Phil Toldano拍摄的肖像", "en": ["This is a portrait by photographer Phil Toledano."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他想捕捉玩游戏时的一些情感变化 因此，他把摄影仪器放在正在玩游戏的游戏玩家面前", "en": ["He wanted to capture the emotion of gaming, so he set up a camera in front of gamers while they were playing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是一幅游戏玩家的经典表情", "en": ["And this is a classic gaming emotion."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在，如果你不是一个游戏玩家 你就不会察觉出这幅照片中的真正内涵", "en": ["Now, if you're not a gamer, you might miss some of the nuance in this photo."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你可能会感觉到紧迫、 一丝的恐惧，而不是精神的高度集中 抑或者是集中精力在解决一个难题", "en": ["You probably see the sense of urgency, a little bit of fear, but intense concentration, deep, deep focus on tackling a really difficult problem."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果你是一位游戏玩家，你就会感觉到一些不同东西 眼角周围的褶皱是向上的，包括嘴角周围的褶皱也是一样的 这是一个非常乐观的迹象 并且，眉毛向上翘起是惊讶的标志", "en": ["If you are a gamer, you will notice a few nuances here: the crinkle of the eyes up, and around the mouth is a sign of optimism, and the eyebrows up is surprise."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这说明，这个游戏玩家即将在游戏中获得史诗般胜利 （如诗般美妙的巨大胜利，难以想象的胜利）", "en": ["This is a gamer who's on the verge of something called an \"epic win.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "笑声 你们曾经听说过这个词，不错", "en": ["Oh, you've heard of that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "也就是说你们当中有些是游戏玩家", "en": ["OK, good, so we have some gamers among us."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个史诗般的胜利是一个结果 但是它非常令人振奋 在得到这个胜利之前你甚至不曾想到竟然能取得成功", "en": ["An epic win is an outcome that is so extraordinarily positive, you had no idea it was even possible until you achieved it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个成功甚至超出了你的想象 当你一旦达到并完成，你就会被自己的技能所震撼", "en": ["It was almost beyond the threshold of imagination, and when you get there, you're shocked to discover what you're truly capable of."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这就是所谓的“史诗般的胜利”", "en": ["That's an epic win."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而这个玩家即将取得这样的胜利", "en": ["This is a gamer on the verge of an epic win."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "同时，这也是在下个世纪， 我们所期望的在处理全球众多问题 排除各种障碍时露出的表情 能排除万难的人 是无往不胜的", "en": ["And this is the face that we need to see on millions of problem-solvers all over the world as we try to tackle the obstacles of the next century -- the face of someone who, against all odds, is on the verge of an epic win."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在，不幸的是，当我们处理日常生活中各种紧急事件的时候，", "en": ["Now, unfortunately this is more of the face that we see in everyday life now as we try to tackle urgent problems."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们往往看到的是这个表情 通常我称这个为“不擅长生活”表情", "en": ["This is what I call the \"I'm Not Good At Life\" face."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "事实上是我自己做出的这个，能否从中看出来呢？好的", "en": ["This is actually me making it. Can you see? Yes. Good."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这就是我做出的“不擅长生活”表情", "en": ["This is me making the \"I'm Not Good At Life\" face."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这也是我在加州的伯克利的一个老社区进修我的博士学位时的 而我读博士研究的课题就是“为什么我们觉得虚拟游戏世界比现实世界更好”", "en": ["This is a piece of graffiti in my old neighborhood in Berkeley, California, where I did my PhD on why we're better in games than we are in real life."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "同时这也是一个很多游戏玩家的难题", "en": ["And this is a problem that a lot of gamers have."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们感觉自己无法像在游戏中一样适应现实生活", "en": ["We feel that we are not as good in reality as we are in games."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我不认为适应就是成功，二者不是等价的 纵然适应是成功的一部分", "en": ["I don't mean just good as in successful, although that's part of it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们确实在游戏世界中收获更多的成功", "en": ["We do achieve more in game worlds."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是这里所说的适应 就是指去做紧要事情的内在动力、 激起合作的灵感以及协作", "en": ["But I also mean good as in motivated to do something that matters -- inspired to collaborate and to cooperate."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当我们处于游戏世界时 我觉得我们可以做最好的自己 这时看到一个消息我们就会去帮助别人 并且会持之以恒的解决一个问题 面对挫折我们会勇敢得站起来，并且继续奋斗", "en": ["And when we're in game worlds, I believe that many of us become the best version of ourselves -- the most likely to help at a moment's notice, the most likely to stick with a problem as long at it takes, to get up after failure and try again."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但，在现实生活中，当我们面对失败的时候 当我们遭遇障碍的时候，我们通常就不会那么感觉了 我们通常会觉得", "en": ["And in real life, when we face failure, when we confront obstacles, we often don't feel that way."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "很压抑、不知所措、 不知所措、焦虑，甚至沮丧、灰心或者愤世嫉俗", "en": ["We feel overcome, we feel overwhelmed, we feel anxious, maybe depressed, frustrated or cynical."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个时候我们就没有玩游戏那个时候的感受了 在游戏中就不会存在这些感觉", "en": ["We never have those feelings when we're playing games, they just don't exist in games."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这就是我在读研究生时研究的东西 这就是我在读研究生时研究的东西", "en": ["So that's what I wanted to study when I was a graduate student."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "游戏能否让我们觉得， 做不成任何事情是不可能的呢？", "en": ["What about games makes it impossible to feel that we can't achieve everything?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们怎么才能把从游戏中获得的这种感觉 转移到现实社会的工作中呢", "en": ["How can we take those feelings from games and apply them to real-world work?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此，我研究了一些像《魔兽世界》这样的游戏 它们正是理想的解决协作问题的平台", "en": ["So I looked at games like World of Warcraft, which is really the ideal collaborative problem-solving environment."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我注意到一些事情 正是这些事情让史诗般的胜利在网络游戏里面变得可能", "en": ["And I started to notice a few things that make epic wins so possible in online worlds."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "第一件事情是，无论何时当你出现在这些网络游戏里面的时候 特别是《魔兽世界》 游戏里面会有很多不同的角色 他们对你非常信任，并且会帮助你完成拯救世界的任务", "en": ["The first thing is whenever you show up in one of these online games, especially in World of Warcraft, there are lots and lots of different characters who are willing to trust you with a world-saving mission, right away."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但并不是所有的任务都是这样， 而仅仅是那些完全匹配你当前等级的任务", "en": ["But not just any mission, it's a mission that is perfectly matched with your current level in the game."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此，你有能力去完成它", "en": ["Right? So you can do it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "设计者不会给你一个就你当前的能力完成不了的任务", "en": ["They never give you a challenge you can't achieve."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但完成这个任务需要发挥你能力的极限，因此，你必须尽你最大努力", "en": ["But it is on the verge of what you're capable of, so you have to try hard."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在魔兽世界里人人都有自己的职位 那里没有观众 那里一直有一些非常特别并且很重要的事情等着你去完成", "en": ["But there's no unemployment in World of Warcraft; no sitting around, wringing your hands -- there's always something specific and important to be done."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "并且游戏世界里有很多的人可以协作", "en": ["There are also tons of collaborators."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不论你到了哪里， 都会有成千上万的人等着和你合作 去完成那些艰巨的任务", "en": ["Everywhere you go, hundreds of thousands of people ready to work with you to achieve your epic mission."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在现实生活中就没有这么轻松了 这种在我们指尖间就有成千上万合作伙伴的感觉", "en": ["That's not something we have in real life that easily, this sense that at our fingertips are tons of collaborators."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在现实生活中就没有这么简单了 在游戏中会有美妙的故事情节，而这些情节 吸引了我们，并且激励着我们的所作所为 同时，对于我们所做出的任何努力都会有一个积极肯定的回应", "en": ["And there's this epic story, this inspiring story of why we're there, and what we're doing, and we get all this positive feedback."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你们肯定听说过等级提升， 伴随着等级提升力量加一点同时智力加一点", "en": ["You guys have heard of leveling up, +1 strength, +1 intelligence."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而我们在现实生活中就没有这种持续的回馈", "en": ["We don't get that kind of constant feedback in real life."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "比如说，当我走下这个舞台的时候，我不会有 演说能力加一，疯狂的创意能力加一 更不用说疯狂的创意能力加20了", "en": ["When I get off this stage, I'm not going to have +1 speaking, and +1 crazy idea, +20 crazy idea."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在现实生活中我没有得到任何奖励", "en": ["I don't get that feedback in real life."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在网络虚拟环境中，比如《魔兽世界》 在网络虚拟环境中，比如《魔兽世界》 和别人协作是一件非常惬意的事情 因为我们可以不停得向最终的胜利冲击 也正是因为如此我们才会一直沉醉于游戏世界中", "en": ["Now, the problem with collaborative online environments like World of Warcraft is that it's so satisfying to be on the verge of an epic win all the time, we decide to spend all our time in these game worlds."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为它比现实更好", "en": ["It's just better than reality."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "到目前为止，《魔兽世界》的游戏玩家们已经花费了总数为593万年的时间 去解决艾泽拉斯里面的各种虚拟的问题 去解决艾泽拉斯里面的各种虚拟的问题", "en": ["So, so far, collectively all the World of Warcraft gamers have spent 5.93 million years solving the virtual problems of Azeroth."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这不是一件坏事", "en": ["Now, that's not necessarily a bad thing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不过听起来像是一件坏事", "en": ["It might sound like it's a bad thing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们把这些数字写下来： 593万年前 我们人类的祖先灵长类开始了直立行走", "en": ["But to put that in context: 5.93 million years ago was when our earliest primate human ancestors stood up."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是第一种直立行走的灵长类动物", "en": ["That was the first upright primate."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此，当我们谈论我们在游戏上花费了那么多时间时 唯一让这件事情合理的理解方式就是：去想一想 在人类进化进程中 我们所花费的时间有多少 而且这是一件多么不同寻常的事情！", "en": ["So when we talk about how much time we're currently investing in playing games, the only way it makes sense to even think about it is to talk about time at the magnitude of human evolution, which is an extraordinary thing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这样去想是恰当的，因为你会发现 通过花费大量的时间去玩游戏 我们能改变我们做人的能力 我们能改变我们做人的能力", "en": ["But it's also apt, because it turns out that by spending all this time playing games, we're actually changing what we are capable of as human beings."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们正不断发展成为一个更具有协作精神和更强健的物种", "en": ["We're evolving to be a more collaborative and hearty species."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是真的，我深信不疑", "en": ["This is true. I believe this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "来看一个有趣的调查 这份调查结果是由一位来自卡内基梅隆大学的研究者发布的 在一个玩游戏氛围很强的国家，当今的年轻人 在一个玩游戏氛围很强的国家，当今的年轻人 在其21岁前，平均每人 花费在网络游戏上的时间可达10000小时 现在，一万小时是一个很有趣的数值", "en": ["So, consider this really interesting statistic; it was recently published by a researcher at Carnegie Mellon University: The average young person today in a country with a strong gamer culture will have spent 10,000 hours playing online games by the age of 21."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "主要是因为有两个原因", "en": ["Now 10,000 hours is a really interesting number for two reasons."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "首先，美国的儿童 从五年级到高中毕业 所需要的时间", "en": ["First of all, for children in the United States, from fifth grade to high school graduation, if you have perfect attendance."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "就是10080个小时 当然你得表现良好（按时上课，出勤） 我们就有了一份并行跟踪教育的数据， 它显示： 年轻人做一个好的游戏玩家所花费的时间 与他们在学校里面学习知识 所用的时间是一样多的", "en": ["So, we have an entire parallel track of education going on, where young people are learning as much about what it takes to be a good gamer as they're learning about everything else in school."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你们当中的有些人肯定读过 MalcomGladwell的新书《局外人》 因此你们对作者关于成功理论的见解也就不是那么陌生了 一万小时成功法则", "en": ["Some of you have probably read Malcolm Gladwell's new book \"Outliers,\" so you would have heard of his theory of success, the \"10,000 hours\" theory of success."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个法则是基于认知科学研究的 如果我们在21岁前能花费10000小时 专心努力的学习或者是做一些其他的事情， 那么我们一定可以在这些事情上获得巨大成功", "en": ["It's based on this great cognitive-science research that says if we can master 10,000 hours of effortful study at anything by the age of 21, we will be virtuosos at it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们将在我们所做的任何事情上 成为世界级专家", "en": ["We will be as good at whatever we do as the greatest people in the world."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在，我们所关注的就是 擅长游戏的 整整一代年轻人", "en": ["And so, now what we're looking at is an entire generation of young people who are virtuoso gamers."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "最大的问题就是 “这些游戏玩家擅长于做些什么？”", "en": ["So, the big question is, \"What exactly are gamers getting so good at?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果我们能给出答案 我们将会发掘出一个 史无前例的人力资源", "en": ["Because if we could figure that out, we would have a virtually unprecedented human resource on our hands."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们就是我们现在所拥有的那些 每天花费至少一小时去玩网络游戏的游戏玩家们", "en": ["This is how many people we now have in the world who spend at least an hour a day playing online games."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们都是技艺精湛的游戏高手 5亿擅长于某些事情的人", "en": ["These are our virtuoso gamers, 500 million people who are extraordinarily good at something."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在接下来的十年里 又会有10亿多擅长于 某个领域的新游戏玩家加入进来 如果闻所未闻，那么我告诉你，这件事正在进行", "en": ["And in the next decade, we're going to have another billion gamers who are extraordinarily good at whatever that is. If you don't know it already, this is coming."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "游戏产业一直在不停的发展 现如今，它的低能耗， 以及从宽带互联网到无线手机网络的变革 让全球的游戏玩家， 尤其是来自印度、中国、巴西的玩家们，可以在同一个平台里竞技", "en": ["The game industry is developing consoles that are low-energy and that work with the wireless phone networks instead of broadband Internet, so that gamers all over the world, particularly in India, China, Brazil, can get online."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "据预测，在接下来的十年里将会有10亿的新玩家加入其中", "en": ["They expect one billion more gamers in the next decade."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "届时，我们就会有15亿之众的游戏玩家", "en": ["It will bring us up to 1.5 billion gamers."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此，我早早的开始了思考， 这些游戏将把我们引向何方？", "en": ["So I've started to think about what these games are making us virtuosos at."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对此我觉得大体有四个方面。首先就是对于紧急事件的积极心态，紧急乐观", "en": ["Here are the four things I came up with. The first is urgent optimism."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "把它想象成是极端的自我激励", "en": ["OK, think of this as extreme self-motivation."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "急切的乐观精神是 结合着 自己必胜信念 对立马解决障碍的渴望", "en": ["Urgent optimism is the desire to act immediately to tackle an obstacle, combined with the belief that we have a reasonable hope of success."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "游戏玩家始终相信 不可能取得的胜利也是可能的", "en": ["Gamers always believe that an epic win is possible, and that it's always worth trying, and trying now."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "游戏玩家不是孤立的", "en": ["Gamers don't sit around."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们很擅长组建严密的社会结构", "en": ["Gamers are virtuosos at weaving a tight social fabric."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "一项有趣的调查显示 我们更喜欢那些与我们一同玩游戏的人 即便是他们把我打败了，亦是如此", "en": ["There's a lot of interesting research that shows we like people better after we play a game with them, even if they've beaten us badly."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "原因就是，在游戏过程中我们累积了信任 原因就是，在游戏过程中我们累积了信任", "en": ["And the reason is, it takes a lot of trust to play a game with someone."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们之所以信任，就是因为他们和我们花费同样的时间 遵守同样的规则 拥有着共同的目标，我们将肩并肩作战直至游戏结束", "en": ["We trust that they will spend their time with us, that they will play by the same rules, value the same goal, stay with the game until it's over."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "基于此，一同游戏的确可以建立 默契、信任和协作", "en": ["And so, playing a game together actually builds up bonds and trust and cooperation."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "进而，我们会建立一个更强健的社会关系网络", "en": ["And we actually build stronger social relationships as a result."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "幸福的生产力，我非常喜欢这个", "en": ["Blissful productivity. I love it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "《魔兽世界》的玩家们平均花费 一周22小时， 就像一个兼职一样玩游戏是有原因的", "en": ["You know, there's a reason why the average World of Warcraft gamer plays for 22 hours a week -- kind of a half-time job."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "就是因为，当我们玩游戏的时候 相对于休闲或者逛街来说， 我们加倍努力的玩游戏会让我们更开心", "en": ["It's because we know, when we're playing a game, than we are relaxing, or hanging out."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "作为人类来说， 我们更喜欢做那些虽然很难但是更有趣的事情", "en": ["We know that we are optimized as human beings, to do hard and meaningful work."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果能够提供一个合适的任务给游戏玩家， 他们就会一直不停地努力玩下去", "en": ["And gamers are willing to work hard all the time, if they're given the right work."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "最后，是史诗的含义", "en": ["Finally: epic meaning."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "游戏玩家喜欢依附在 那些关乎人类星际故事的威严任务里面", "en": ["Gamers love to be attached to awe-inspiring missions to human planetary-scale stories."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你所做的任何一点点的琐事都会成为那个最终的美好愿景的一部分 大家都听说过维基百科，全球最大的Wiki（wiki是一种在网路上开放、可供多人协同创作的超文本系统）", "en": ["So, just one bit of trivia that helps put that into perspective: So, you all know Wikipedia, biggest wiki in the world."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "全球第二大的wiki， 就是《魔兽世界》wiki，里面大约有8万篇文章 每个月都有500万人在使用它", "en": ["Second biggest wiki in the world, with nearly 80,000 articles, Five million people use it every month."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "里面集合的有关《魔兽世界》的信息 比网络上任何其他主题的信息 都要多", "en": ["They have compiled more information about World of Warcraft on the Internet than any other topic covered on any other wiki in the world."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这就创造了一个史诗般的故事", "en": ["They are building an epic story."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "同时也创就了一个关于《魔兽世界》的", "en": ["They are building an epic knowledge resource about the World of Warcraft."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如史诗般的巨大的知识资源 这就是把那四种超能力集中到一件事情上的例子 游戏玩家们就是一个被高度授权、极具希望的群体", "en": ["Okay, so these are four superpowers that add up to one thing: Gamers are super-empowered hopeful individuals."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们都认为自己具有改变世界的能力 他们都认为自己具有改变世界的能力 但问题是他们相信自己能改变的世界是 虚拟世界， 而不是现实世界", "en": ["These are people who believe that they are individually capable of changing the world. And the only problem is, they believe that they are capable of changing virtual worlds and not the real world."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这正是我所努力去解决的难题", "en": ["That's the problem that I'm trying to solve."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "有一位叫Edward Castronova的经济学家", "en": ["There's an economist named Edward Castronova."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他的工作非常卓越。", "en": ["His work is brilliant."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他研究人们花费这么多时间、 精力和金钱在网络游戏里面的原因", "en": ["He looks at why people are investing so much time and energy and money in online worlds."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他说：“我们正在见证着大批的人 沉溺于虚拟世界 和网络游戏当中”", "en": ["And he says, \"We're witnessing what amounts to no less than a mass exodus to virtual worlds and online game environments.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为他是一位经济学家，所以他是理性的", "en": ["And he's an economist, so he's rational."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他还说... 不像我，我只是一个游戏设计师，我充满了活力", "en": ["And he says -- Not like me, I'm a game designer; I'm exuberant."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他还说，玩游戏变得更有意义 因为游戏玩家在虚拟世界里得到了 比现实生活中更多的东西", "en": ["But he says that this makes perfect sense, because gamers can achieve more in online worlds than they can in real life."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们在游戏里可以拥有 比现实生活中更好的社会关系 玩家也可以获得比现实生活 中更好的回报以及成就感", "en": ["They can have stronger social relationships in games than they can have in real life; they get better feedback and feel more rewarded in games than they do in real life."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此，他说对于游戏玩家而言， 花费更多的时间在虚拟空间中比现实社会里更有意义", "en": ["So he says, for now it makes perfect sense for gamers to spend more time in virtual worlds than the real world."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在我依然觉得这很理性", "en": ["Now, I also agree that that is rational, for now."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是，无论如何，这不是最佳选项", "en": ["But it is not, by any means, an optimal situation."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们不得不从现在开始把现实社会构建得像一个游戏", "en": ["We have to start making the real world work more like a game."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此，我从发生于2500年前的 一些事情中获取灵感", "en": ["I take my inspiration from something that happened 2,500 years ago."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这些是古老的骰子，由羊的关节骨制作而成", "en": ["These are ancient dice, made out of sheep's knuckles."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在我们设计出游戏控制器前 我们人类已经拥有了羊关节制作的骰子", "en": ["Before we had awesome game controllers, we had sheep's knuckles."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这就是人类设计出的 最早的游戏器械 如果你对古希腊历史学家的作品比较熟悉的话 如古希腊历史学家希罗多德，你就会了解这段历史 游戏发明的历史 是什么以及原因是什么呢", "en": ["And these represent the first game equipment designed by human beings, and if you're familiar with the work of the ancient Greek historian Herodotus, you might know this history, which is the history of who invented games and why."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "希罗多德说游戏，特别是骰子游戏 是由Lydia 王国在一次大饥荒中发明的", "en": ["Herodotus says that games, particularly dice games, were invented in the kingdom of Lydia, during a time of famine."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "显然，历史上曾经有过这么一次严重的饥荒 Lydia国王决定做一些他们不得不做的疯狂的事情", "en": ["Apparently, there was such a severe famine that the king of Lydia decided they had to do something crazy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当时人民在遭受痛苦，互相争斗", "en": ["People were suffering. People were fighting."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "形式非常危机。 他们需要一个极端的解决方案", "en": ["It was an extreme situation, they needed an extreme solution."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "据希罗多德说，他们因此而发明了骰子游戏 并且制定了一个全国范围内的政策 某一天，所有人可以吃东西 但是第二天，所有人就只能玩游戏", "en": ["So, according to Herodotus, they invented dice games, and they set up a kingdom-wide policy: On one day, everybody would eat, and on the next day, everybody would play games."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "人们专心的玩骰子游戏 因为游戏极具吸引力 可以使我们沉浸在如此自我满足的幸福“生产”活动中 人们就会忘掉他们没有食物可吃的事实", "en": ["And they would be so immersed in playing the dice games, because games are so engaging, and immerse us in such satisfying, blissful productivity, they would ignore the fact that they had no food to eat."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "第二天人们就会通过玩游戏度日 接下来的第二天他们就会去吃东西", "en": ["And then on the next day, they would play games; and on the next day, they would eat."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "据希罗多德所说 Lydia国的人民用这种方式度过了18年 用吃一天、玩游戏玩一天的方式 他们顺利的度过了大饥荒", "en": ["And according to Herodotus, they passed 18 years this way, surviving through a famine, by eating on one day, and playing games on the next."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这也是现如今我们 如何看待游戏的", "en": ["Now, this is exactly, I think, how we're using games today."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们通过玩游戏逃避现实中的痛苦 我们通过玩游戏来避开现实环境中那些 残缺不全、不能令人满意的东西 同时从中获取我们所需的东西", "en": ["We're using games to escape real-world suffering -- we're using games to get away from everything that's broken in the real environment, everything that's not satisfying about real life, and we're getting what we need from games."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而这个过程可以实现永无止境", "en": ["But it doesn't have to end there."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是令人非常激动的", "en": ["This is really exciting."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "据希罗多德所著，在18年后 大饥荒没有任何改善、变好的迹象 因此，国王决定全国人玩最后一次骰子游戏", "en": ["According to Herodotus, after 18 years the famine wasn't getting better, so the king decided they would play one final dice game."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他把全国人平均分成两组", "en": ["They divided the entire kingdom in half."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们一起玩一场骰子游戏 游戏的胜利一方将会踏上冒险的远征行程", "en": ["They played one dice game, and the winners of that game got to go on an epic adventure."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们将会离开Lydia 去寻找一个新地方居住 留下来的人则可以用 现存的资源度过饥荒 离开的人则肩负着传播、 兴旺文明的重担", "en": ["They would leave Lydia, and they would go out in search of a new place to live, leaving behind just enough people to survive on the resources that were available, and hopefully to take their civilization somewhere else where they could thrive."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这听起来很疯狂，难道不是吗？", "en": ["Now, this sounds crazy, right?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不过，最近DNA证据显示 罗马帝国的祖先——伊楚利亚人 和古利迪亚人 拥有相同的基因", "en": ["But recently, DNA evidence has shown that the Etruscans, who then led to the Roman Empire, actually share the same DNA as the ancient Lydians."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "最近科学家们发现 希罗多德的疯狂故事在历史上确有其事", "en": ["And so, recently, scientists have suggested that Herodotus' crazy story is actually true."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "地质学家也寻找到了证据 表明地球上曾经有过长达20年的全球降温 这就可以解释这次大饥荒的由来了", "en": ["And geologists have found evidence of a global cooling that lasted for nearly 20 years, that could have explained the famine."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此，这个看似疯狂的故事兴许是真的", "en": ["So this crazy story might be true."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们通过玩游戏保留了 他们的文化 并且在游戏中躲避现实长达18年 最终得以流传下来 他们早就参悟出了如何通过游戏把人聚到一起 也正是通过这种方式拯救了整个文明", "en": ["They might have actually saved their culture by playing games, escaping to games for 18 years, and then been so inspired, and knew so much about how to come together with games, that they actually saved the entire civilization that way."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们也可以通过这种方式做到", "en": ["Okay, we can do that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "人们从1994年开始就在玩魔兽了", "en": ["We've been playing Warcraft since 1994."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是魔兽世界系列里的第一款实时的战略游戏", "en": ["That was the first real-time strategy game from the World of Warcraft series."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而这就是16年前的事情", "en": ["That was 16 years ago."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "古人玩骰子游戏长达18年 我们则玩魔兽16年", "en": ["They played dice games for 18 years, we've been playing Warcraft for 16 years."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以我断言，我们已经准备好去接受一个能改变我们生活的游戏了", "en": ["I say we are ready for our own epic game."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "古人通过所掌握的 二分之一的文明去寻找新世界 而我们现在则有每周长达210亿小时的玩游戏时间", "en": ["Now, they had half the civilization go off in search of a new world, so that's where I get my 21 billion hours a week of game-play from."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "让我们中一半的人 每天玩游戏一小时 直至我们可以去解决现实生活中的问题", "en": ["Let's get half of us to agree to spend an hour a day playing games, until we solve real-world problems."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你可能会问，“我们在游戏中如何解决现实中的问题呢？”", "en": ["Now, I know you're asking, \"How are we going to solve real-world problems in games?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这也是我在过去的几年中积极投身 我从事的工作的原因 我工作的地方叫“未来研究所”", "en": ["Well, that's what I've devoted my work to over the past few years, at the Institute for the Future."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是我们在帕洛阿尔托办公室里的广告 它给出了我们关于如何看待未来的观点", "en": ["We have this banner in our offices in Palo Alto, and it expresses our view of how we should try to relate to the future."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们不会试着去预言未来", "en": ["We do not want to try to predict the future."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但，我们会创造未来", "en": ["What we want to do is make the future."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们曾经设想过最好情况的结果 然后，我们想通过努力 让人们将那个设想变成现实", "en": ["We want to imagine the best-case scenario outcome, and then we want to empower people to make that outcome a reality."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们渴望史诗般的胜利 同时也给予人们实现胜利的途径", "en": ["We want to imagine epic wins, and then give people the means to achieve the epic win."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想给大家简短的介绍三款我做的游戏 他们都是一些尝试， 尝试着给未来的人们能创造属于自己的史诗般的胜利，提供一些方法", "en": ["I'm just going to very briefly show you three games that I've made that are an attempt to give people the means to create epic wins in their own futures."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是《无油世界》", "en": ["This is World Without Oil."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这款游戏制作于2007年", "en": ["We made this game in 2007."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是一款网络游戏， 它让你在石油短缺的时候设法生存", "en": ["This is an online game in which you try to survive an oil shortage."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "石油短缺是虚构的 但是我们会投入很多的内容在里面 你就会认为那是真的，并且这会影响你的现实生活 让你感觉我们已经没有石油可用了。因此，当你打开游戏 注册，并告诉我们你的居住地 我们就会给你实时的新闻视频数据 精确地告诉你石油的成本 精确地告诉你石油的成本 什么是不可用，食物供应是如何受到影响的", "en": ["The oil shortage is fictional, but we put enough online content out there for you to believe that it's real, and to live your real life as if we've run out of oil. So when you come to the game, you sign up, tell us where you live, and then we give you real-time news videos, data feeds that show you exactly how much oil costs, what's not available, how food supply is being affected,"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "运输是如何受到影响的 并且会告诉你学校是否被关闭，哪里里发生了骚乱 如果这一切都是真的，你就会找出如何处理现实生活中的这些问题的方法", "en": ["how transportation is being affected, if schools are closed, if there's rioting, and you have to figure out how you would live your real life as if this were true."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们会要求你将这些东西发布到博客上 上传视频或者照片", "en": ["And then we ask you to blog about it, to post videos, to post photos."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在2007年，有1700人参加了这款游戏的测试 我们跟踪了这些测试者接下来三年的生活", "en": ["We piloted this game with 1,700 players in 2007, and we've tracked them for the three years since."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我可以告诉诸位的是这是一段极具改造作用的经历", "en": ["And I can tell you that this is a transformative experience."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "没有人希望改变他们的生活方式 或者是因为他们觉得对环境无损，或者是因为他们觉得这顺理成章", "en": ["Nobody wants to change how they live, just because it's good for the world, or because we're supposed to."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是，如果你让他们着沉浸于一个异乎寻常的经历当中 并且告诉他们，“我们已经耗尽我们的石油。”", "en": ["But if you immerse them in an epic adventure and tell them, \"We've run out of oil."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这将是你听说的一个美妙的故事和异乎寻常的经历", "en": ["This is an amazing story and adventure for you to go on."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "挑战自己，看看你将如何生存 大部分的游戏玩家保留了他们在游戏中形成的习惯 大部分的游戏玩家保留了他们在游戏中形成的习惯", "en": ["Challenge yourself to see how you would survive,\" most of our players have kept up the habits that they learned in this game."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在接下来的一款拯救世界的游戏里 我们的选择的问题比石油短缺变得更难、更大", "en": ["So for the next world-saving game, we decided to aim higher -- bigger problem than just peak oil."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们在“未来研究所”做了一个叫\"Superstruct\"的游戏", "en": ["We did a game called Superstruct at the Institute for the Future."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们在“未来研究所”做了一个叫\"Superstruct\"的游戏 这个游戏的假设是， 超级计算机经过计算发现人类在地球上只剩下23年的生存时间了", "en": ["And the premise was, a supercomputer has calculated that humans have only 23 years left on the planet."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这台超级计算机被称作： 全球灭绝预测系统", "en": ["This supercomputer was called the Global Extinction Awareness System, of course."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "人们在游戏中就像是处在 杰里.布鲁克海默的电影里", "en": ["We asked people to come online -- almost like a Jerry Bruckheimer movie."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "大家都知道杰里.布鲁克海默的电影，你组织一个梦之队 你的小分队成员里有宇航员、科学家、曾经的罪犯 他们各自有一些拯救世界的本领", "en": ["You know Jerry Bruckheimer movies, you form a dream team -- you've got the astronaut, the scientist, the ex-convict, and they all have something to do to save the world."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "笑声 在我们设计的游戏里，我们没有采用五人小组模式 我们设计成了人人都可以是这个精英小分队的一员 你的职责就是开发 未来的能源、食物、医疗保健、 安全体制和全社会安全的网络", "en": ["But in our game, instead of just having five people on the dream team, we said, \"Everybody's on the dream team, and it's your job to invent the future of energy, the future of food, the future of health, the future of security and the future of the social safety net.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们有8000人玩这个游戏，玩了有8周", "en": ["We had 8,000 people play that game for eight weeks."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们总结出了500条疯狂但是极具创造力的解决方案 如果你能上网，登陆Google搜索关键字\"Superstruct\"，你就能看到结果", "en": ["They came up with 500 insanely creative solutions that you can go online, Google \"Superstruct,\" and see."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "最后一个游戏 我们将会在三月三日将其上线。这个游戏是与世界银行学院合作完成的", "en": ["So, finally, the last game, we're launching it March 3rd. This is a game done with the World Bank Institute."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果你能完成这个游戏， 你将会获得世界银行学院的认证 成为2010届社会创新者", "en": ["If you complete the game, you will be certified by the World Bank Institute as a Social Innovator, class of 2010."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "通过与撒哈拉以南非洲各地的大学的合作 我们正在邀请他们参加社会创新能力的学习", "en": ["Working with universities all over sub-Saharan Africa, and we are inviting them to learn social innovation skills."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "游戏更像一本漫画小说。 我们有关于各项技能的均衡，像深刻的洞察力、知识网络、 可持续性、远见和机智等", "en": ["We've got a graphic novel, we've got leveling up in skills like local insight, knowledge networking, sustainability, vision and resourcefulness."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我诚挚的邀请诸位能 把这个游戏分享给年轻人 无论在世界何处，特别是那些发展中的地区 这个游戏可以把人们集中到一起，让他们开始设想他们自己的社会企业去拯救世界", "en": ["I would like to invite all of you to please share this game with young people, anywhere in the world, particularly in developing areas, who might benefit from coming together to try to start to imagine their own social enterprises to save the world."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "人们肯定可以从这个游戏中 获得灵感 我就要结束我的演讲了", "en": ["So, I'm going to wrap up now."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想问一个问题", "en": ["I want to ask a question."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "将来会发生什么？", "en": ["What do you think happens next?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们拥有这么多优秀的游戏玩家 我们玩的这些游戏里就含有可能是我们未来所要做的事情的试验 但没有任何事情曾拯救过现实世界", "en": ["We've got all these amazing gamers, we've got these games that are kind of pilots of what we might do, but none of them have saved the real world yet."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我希望大家能同意我的观点 即，游戏玩家是一个巨大的人力资源库 我们可以让他们去完成现实世界的工作 正因为如此，游戏是一个有效的变革平台", "en": ["Well I hope you will agree with me that gamers are a human resource that we can use to do real-world work, that games are a powerful platform for change."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们拥有这些美妙的超能力、 幸福的生产力、 组织严密社会结构的能力 以及紧急乐观和对史诗意义的渴望", "en": ["We have all these amazing superpowers: blissful productivity, the ability to weave a tight social fabric, this feeling of urgent optimism and the desire for epic meaning."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我真诚的希望我们能一起来玩那些好的游戏 籍此在接下来的一个世纪里能生存在这个星球上", "en": ["I really hope that we can come together to play games that matter, to survive on this planet for another century."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我希望大家能加入到我们当中来， 去制作或者是支持这样的游戏", "en": ["That's my hope, that you will join me in making and playing games like this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当我期待着下一个十年时 我对两件事情非常肯定 首先，我们能创造出任何我们所能想象出的未来 其次，我们可以玩任何我们想玩的游戏 让我们从游戏着手改变这个世界", "en": ["When I look forward to the next decade, I know two things for sure: that we can make any future we can imagine, and we can play any games we want, so I say: Let the world-changing games begin."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢大家", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在相当一段时间我感兴趣于 安慰剂的效力, 通常一个魔术师是不会 对安慰剂感兴趣的。 但是如果你从我职业的角度考虑, 那就是使一些假的事物 真实得使人们相信 这样它们就变成了事实。", "en": ["For some time I have been interested in the placebo effect, which might seem like an odd thing for a magician to be interested in, unless you think of it in the terms that I do, which is, \"Something fake is believed in enough by somebody that it becomes something real.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "换句话说， 糖片 在一些研究中有可以测量到的效应， 所谓的安慰剂的效果 正是因为人们认为 他们身上发生的是一种药物作用 或者再给一个例子 为了镇痛 如果病人相信（他们服的是镇痛药物），药在他们身上就会有明显的效果。 这叫做安慰剂效应。", "en": ["In other words, sugar pills have a measurable effect in certain kinds of studies, the placebo effect, just because the person thinks that what's happening to them is a pharmaceutical or some sort of a -- for pain management, for example, if they believe it enough there is a measurable effect in the body called the placebo effect."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "假的东西变成了 真的东西 因为人们对它的认知。", "en": ["Something fake becomes something real because of someone's perception of it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "为了我们能够理解对方， 我想开始向你们展示一个初级的， 很简单的魔术。", "en": ["In order for us to understand each other, I want to start by showing you a rudimentary, very simple magic trick."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我也会告诉你我是怎么变得。 这是一个 从50年代开始就在每个孩子的 魔术书里出现的简单魔术。", "en": ["And I'm going to show you how it works. This is a trick that's been in every children's magic book since at least the 1950s."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我在70年代的时候从童子军魔法中学会它", "en": ["I learned it myself from Cub Scout Magic in the 1970s."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我先做给你们看， 然后再解释。", "en": ["I'll do it for you, and then I'll explain it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "最后我会解释我为什么要解释。", "en": ["And then I'll explain why I explained it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "看，这是怎么变这么魔术", "en": ["So, here's what happens."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这把刀， 你们可以检查； 我的手， 你们也可以检查", "en": ["The knife, which you can examine; my hand, which you could examine."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我就这样把刀握在我的拳头里。", "en": ["I'm just going to hold the knife in my fist like this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后我把袖子挽起来。", "en": ["I'll get my sleeve back."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "同时确保没有任何东西可以在我袖子里上下活动 我就这样在这压住我的手腕。", "en": ["And to make sure nothing goes up or down my sleeve I'm just going to squeeze my wrist right here."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那样你们可以看到没有时间让 任何事物活动。只要我压住这里 没有东西可以通过我的袖子。", "en": ["That way you can see that at no time can anything travel, as long as I'm squeezing there nothing can go up or down my sleeve."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这样做目的很简单。", "en": ["And the object of this is quite simple."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我将打开我的手掌 希望， 如果所有事情顺利的话， 我的生理磁性会粘得住这把刀。", "en": ["I'm going to open my hand, and hopefully, if all is well, my pure animal magnetism will hold the knife."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，它粘得如此紧 我甚至可以甩 这把刀也不会掉。", "en": ["In fact it's held so tightly in place that I can shake it, and the knife does not come off."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "没有任何东西在我袖子里， 没有把戏。 你们可以查看所有东西。", "en": ["Nothing goes up or down my sleeve, no trickery. And you can examine everything."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "好了！", "en": ["Ta-da!"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "鼓掌 恩， 这是一个我经常教给 那些对魔术感兴趣的孩子的魔术， 因为你能学到 很多关于欺骗的技巧通过学习 这个魔术－－尽管它是个方法上非常简单的魔术。", "en": ["So, this is a trick that I often teach to young children that are interested in magic, because you can learn a great deal about deception by studying this very -- even though it's a very simple trick methodologically."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "很可能现场很多人都知道这个魔术。", "en": ["Probably many of you in the room know this trick."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它是这样发生的。", "en": ["What happens is this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我手里握着这把刀。", "en": ["I hold the knife in my hand."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我说我要握住我的手腕 来确保没有东西通过我的袖子， 这是个谎言。", "en": ["I say I'm going to grab hold of my wrist to make sure nothing goes up or down my sleeve, that is a lie."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我握住我手腕的原因 正是这个幻术的 秘密。", "en": ["The reason I'm holding onto my wrist is because that's actually the secret of the illusion."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在我手从面向你们移到 背向你们的时候， 这个手指， 我的食指就将移位 从这儿，到这个位置 指向外侧。", "en": ["In a moment when my hand moves from facing you to being away from you, this finger right here, my index finger is just going to shift from where it is, to a position pointing out like this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "好的。", "en": ["Nice one."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那边坐的人很多没有过童年。", "en": ["Someone who didn't have a childhood is out there."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "笑声 我的手指就是这样移的，从这里，对。", "en": ["So, it goes like this, from here, right."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在我转动我的手时，我的手指也在移动。", "en": ["And as I move around my finger shifts."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们可以谈谈为什么这个具有欺骗性， 为什么你们没有注意到只有三个手指在这下面， 因为你的意识，和我们处理意识的方式， 它不计算一，二，三。 它组合它们。", "en": ["And we could talk about why this is deceptive, why you don't notice there are only three fingers down here, because the mind, and the way it processes information, it doesn't count, one, two, three. It groups them."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但这不是我们今天要讨论的。对吗？那我再打开我的手掌。", "en": ["But that's not really what this is about. Right? And then I open my hand up."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "很显然它被按在那，不是通过什么生理磁性， 而是通过骗局， 我的食指在那里。", "en": ["Obviously it's clinging there, not by animal magnetism, but by chicanery, my index finger being there."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我再合上我的手指，一样的， 在我后转时，这个动作 一定程度上掩饰了我手指的后转。", "en": ["And then when I close my finger, same thing, as I move back, this motion kind of covers the moving back of my finger."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我拿开这只手。你拿出这把刀。", "en": ["I take this hand away. You give the knife out."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个戏法你可以向你的朋友和邻居做。谢谢。", "en": ["There is a trick you can do for your friends and neighbors. Thanks."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在， 这和安慰剂效力有什么关系？", "en": ["Now, what does that have to do with the placebo effect?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我一年前左右读过一个研究， 这很开阔了我的认知。", "en": ["I read a study a year or so ago that really blew my mind wide open."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我不是医生或研究人员，所以，这对我而言， 是一件很让人吃惊的事。", "en": ["I'm not a doctor or a researcher, so this, to me, was an astonishing thing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它显示如果你给病人 一个安慰剂以白色药片的形式， 像阿司匹林的样子， 如果就是一个圆的白色药片，它有一定的可测量的安慰剂效应。", "en": ["It turns out that if you administer a placebo in the form of a white pill, that's like aspirin shaped -- it's just a round white pill -- it has some certain measurable effect."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但如果你改变你给的安慰剂的形状， 比如你把它作成小一点的药片， 并且涂成蓝色，刻一个字母上去， 它居然会有更明显的可测量的效果。", "en": ["But if you change the form that you give the placebo in, like you make a smaller pill, and color it blue, and stamp a letter into it, it is actually measurably more effective."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "即使两个里面没有一个 有任何真正的药效 －－它们都是糖片。", "en": ["Even though neither one of these things has any pharmaceutical -- they're sugar pills."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是白色药片就是没有蓝色的效果好", "en": ["But a white pill is not as good as a blue pill."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "什么？ 这真的让我很迷惑。", "en": ["What? That really flipped me out."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但事实上，那还不是终结。", "en": ["Turns out though, that that's not even where it stops."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果你用胶囊， 它们比任何形式的药片更有效果。", "en": ["If you have capsules, they're more effective than tablets in any form."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "有颜色的胶囊，一端黄色，另一端红色的 比白色的胶囊更有效。", "en": ["A colored capsule, that's yellow on one end and red on the other is better than a white capsule."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "剂量起到一定的作用。", "en": ["Dosage has something to do with this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "一天两次，一次一片 没有三片效果好。 我现在记不清统计数据。对不起。", "en": ["One pill twice a day is not as good at three pills -- I don't remember the statistic now. Sorry."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但重点是。。。", "en": ["But the point is ..."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "剂量和药效有关。", "en": ["... these dosages have something to do with it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "药剂形态和药效有关。", "en": ["And the form has something to do with it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果你想要极限程度的安慰剂 你需要注射针剂。", "en": ["And if you want the ultimate in placebo, you've go to the needle."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对吗？一个注射器含有 一两毫升的没有作用的东西， 你把这个注射到一个病人身上。。", "en": ["Right? A syringe with some inert -- a couple CCs of some inert something, and you inject this into a patient ..."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在他们脑海里，这是一个如此强大的想像， 它应该比白色药片要强很多很多。", "en": ["Well this is such a powerful image in their mind, it's so much stronger than the white pill."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这真是一个很强的想象，等我有幻灯片的时候 我可以展示给你们统计数据图。", "en": ["It's a really, this graph, well I'll show it to you some other time when we have slides."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "重点是， 白色药片没有蓝色药片好 没有胶囊好，没有针好。", "en": ["The point is the white pill is not as good as the blue pill is not as good as the capsule is not as good as the needle."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它们都没有真的药效。 这仅仅是你的信念使它成真 在你身体上，也造成更强的效果。", "en": ["And none of it has any real pharmaceutical quality, it's only your belief that makes it real in your body and makes a stronger effect."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想看看我是否可以拿这个想法 把它应用到魔法技巧上。", "en": ["I wanted to see if I could take that idea and apply it to a magic trick."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "采用一些明显是假的戏法 使它看起来是真的。", "en": ["And take something that is obviously a fake trick and make it seem real."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们从研究中知道 如果你想要实际效果，你采用注射针。", "en": ["And we know from that study that when you want reality, you go to the needle."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是一个七寸的帽别针。它非常尖。 我将把它消一下毒。", "en": ["This is a seven-inch hatpin. It's very, very sharp, and I'm going to just sterilize it a tiny bit."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这真是我的肌肉。这不是 戴米安的特买肉。", "en": ["This is really my flesh. This is not Damian's special-grown flesh."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这就是我的皮肤。这不是好莱坞特效。", "en": ["That's my skin right there. This is not a Hollywood special effect."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我将会刺入我的皮肤 把这个针头穿过到另一边。", "en": ["I'm going to pierce my skin and run this needle through to the other side."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果你容易紧张反胃－－ 如果你容易晕－－我向一些朋友表演过 昨天在宾馆里，有些人我不认识， 有个女人差点晕倒。", "en": ["If you're queasy -- if you faint easily -- I was doing this for some friends in the hotel room last night, and some people that I didn't know, and one woman almost passed out."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，我建议如果你容易紧张不安， 你最好在下面30秒里看别处， 实际上，你知道吗，我会在它后面做一开始的坏的部分。", "en": ["So, I suggest if you get queasy easy that you look away for about the next 30 -- in fact, you know what, I'll do the first bad part behind it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你将会看到，你可以看别处如果你想的话。", "en": ["You'll get to see, you can look away too if you'd like to."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "恩，这就是发生的，就在这里 我皮肉的起点处 我手臂的下部， 我就造成 一个小穿孔。", "en": ["So, here is what happens, right here, the beginning of my flesh at the lower part of my arm I just make a little pierce."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对不起。我吓倒你们了吗？", "en": ["I'm sorry, man. Am I freaking you out?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "就穿过我的皮肤一点点 在另一端这样出来。", "en": ["OK, and then just through my skin a tiny bit, and then out the other side like this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在， 我们基本上和刀的戏法 在同一个位置上。", "en": ["Now, essentially we're in the same position we were in with the knife trick."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但你现在不能数我的手指了，对不？", "en": ["But you can't count my fingers right now can you?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，让我来把它们展示给你们。一，二 三，四，五。", "en": ["So, let me show them to you. That's one, two three, four, five."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "是的，哦，", "en": ["Yes, well..."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我知道人们想什么当他们看到这个的时候。", "en": ["I know what people think when they see this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们说，“哦，他一定不会蠢到 刺穿他自己的皮肤来娱乐我们几分钟。”", "en": ["They go, \"Well, he's certainly not dumb enough to stab himself through the skin to entertain us for a few minutes."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，让我给你们偷看一下。", "en": ["So, let me give you a little peek."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那看起来怎么样？很好。", "en": ["How's that look out there? Pretty good."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对，我知道 在后面的这些人说，“好。我并没有真的看到那个。“", "en": ["Yeah, I know. And the people in the back go, \"OK, I didn't really see that.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在远程屋里的人现在 可以移近。", "en": ["People in the satellite room are starting to move in now."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "让我给你们仔细看看这个。", "en": ["Let me give you good close look at this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这真的是我的皮肤。这个不是好莱坞特效。", "en": ["That really is my skin. That is not a Hollywood special effect."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那是我的肉，我还可以转动它。", "en": ["That's my flesh, and I can twist that around."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对不起。如果你感到恶心的话，看别处， 别看这个。", "en": ["I'm sorry. If you're getting queasy, look away, don't look at the thing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在后面的人或是几年后从录像上看到这个的 会说，“喔，那个看起来有点缺少 一些效果，但是如果这是真的他会 看到这有个洞，这也有个洞，如果这是真的他会流血。", "en": ["People in the back or people on video years from now watching this will go, \"Well yeah, that looks kind of neat in some sort of effect there, but if it were real he would be -- see there's a hole there and a hole there, if it were real he would be bleeding."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "让我流点血给你们。", "en": ["Well let me work up some blood for you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对，这就是。", "en": ["Yes, there it is."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "平常这时我会将针头取出。", "en": ["Normally now, I would take the needle out."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我会洗干净我的手臂，向你们展示我没有伤，", "en": ["I would clean off my arm, and I would show you that there are no wounds."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但我认为在这种情况下 以这种理念，使假的事物 变成真的事物， 我就将停在这里， 走下讲台。", "en": ["But I think in this context and with the idea of taking something fake and making it into something real, I'm just going to leave it there, and walk off the stage."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我将在以后几天内再见到你们。", "en": ["I will be seeing you several times over the next few days."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我希望你们对此期待。非常感谢。", "en": ["I hope you're looking forward to that. Thank you very much."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我一生中接触过很多鱼。", "en": ["So, I've known a lot of fish in my life."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "只有两种是我的最爱。", "en": ["I've loved only two."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "第一种， 是源于激情。", "en": ["That first one, it was more like a passionate affair."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它是一条美丽的鱼， 美味，纹理细腻，肉质丰富， 是菜单上最受欢迎的鱼。", "en": ["It was a beautiful fish: flavorful, textured, meaty, a bestseller on the menu."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "多么美的鱼啊！", "en": ["What a fish."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "更好的是， 它是依照最高标准养殖的， 目的是保持它的可持续性的。", "en": ["Even better, it was farm-raised to the supposed highest standards of sustainability."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而卖他的人也会感到心安理得。", "en": ["So you could feel good about selling it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我曾经沉醉于这美丽的关系中， 时间大概延续了几个月。", "en": ["I was in a relationship with this beauty for several months."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "有一天，这个公司的高层打电话给我 邀请我参加一个活动 并就渔业的可持续性发展发表演说。", "en": ["One day, the head of the company called and asked if I'd speak at an event about the farm's sustainability."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我说，“当然可以”。", "en": ["\"Absolutely,\" I said."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个公司正是要试图解决一个 对于我们厨师来说正在变得不可想象的问题。 “我们如何把鱼类留在菜单上？”", "en": ["Here was a company trying to solve what's become this unimaginable problem for us chefs: How do we keep fish on our menus?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在过去的50年中， 我们从各个海洋中捕鱼 就像是砍伐树木。", "en": ["For the past 50 years, we've been fishing the seas like we clear-cut forests."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "绝不是夸大它的破坏性。", "en": ["It's hard to overstate the destruction."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "90%的大型鱼类，那些我们喜爱的种类， 金枪鱼，大比目鱼，三鲑鱼，剑鱼， 他们都要灭绝了。", "en": ["Ninety percent of large fish, the ones we love -- the tunas, the halibuts, the salmons, swordfish -- they've collapsed."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "几乎没有多少剩下了。", "en": ["There's almost nothing left."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，不管是好是坏， 水产养殖业，养鱼业，都会成为我们未来的一部分。", "en": ["So, for better or for worse, aquaculture, fish farming, is going to be a part of our future."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "有很多针对这个行业的言论。 其实它们大部分都是关于养鱼业会污染环境， 而且效率很低，比如说金枪鱼。 最大的弊病就是，", "en": ["A lot of arguments against it: Fish farms pollute -- most of them do anyway -- and they're inefficient. Take tuna, a major drawback."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "养殖金枪鱼的饲料转换率是 15比1。", "en": ["It's got a feed conversion ratio of 15 to one."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个意思是说，每生产1磅金枪鱼肉 要耗费15磅用其他野生鱼类做的饲料。", "en": ["That means it takes fifteen pounds of wild fish to get you one pound of farm tuna."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这可不是很具有可持续发展性。", "en": ["Not very sustainable."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而且也不好吃。", "en": ["It doesn't taste very good either."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "最后， 这个公司想做些正确事情。", "en": ["So here, finally, was a company trying to do it right."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我也想支持他们。", "en": ["I wanted to support them."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在那次活动的前一天， 我联系了公司的公关部门头头。", "en": ["The day before the event, I called the head of P.R. for the company."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "就让我们暂且称呼他为“唐阁下”。", "en": ["Let's call him Don."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我说：“唐阁下， 据我说知，事实是这样的，你们在海洋捕鱼业十分出名， 而且你们不会产生污染。”", "en": ["\"Don,\" I said, \"just to get the facts straight, you guys are famous for farming so far out to sea, you don't pollute.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他回应： “你说的对。我们作业的地点很远， 我们捕鱼所产生的污染物都被稀释掉了， 不会集中残留在一个地方。”", "en": ["\"That's right,\" he said. \"We're so far out, the waste from our fish gets distributed, not concentrated.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后他补充到， “我们算得上是独树一帜。", "en": ["And then he added, \"We're basically a world unto ourselves."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "饲料转换率？2.5比1，” 他说。", "en": ["That feed conversion ratio? 2.5 to one,\" he said."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "“行业中最好的。”", "en": ["\"Best in the business.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "2.5比1，很好。", "en": ["2.5 to one, great."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "“什么2.5比1？你们在喂什么？”", "en": ["\"2.5 what? What are you feeding?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他回答道：“可持续性蛋白质”。", "en": ["\"Sustainable proteins,\" he said."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我说：“很好”。然后挂了电话。", "en": ["\"Great,\" I said. Got off the phone."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "结果那晚，我躺在床上想： 可持续性蛋白质是什么鬼东西？", "en": ["And that night, I was lying in bed, and I thought: What the hell is a sustainable protein?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以第二天，就在那个活动之前，我打电话给唐阁下。", "en": ["So the next day, just before the event, I called Don."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我问道：'唐阁下，你有没有一些可持续性蛋白质的例子？\"", "en": ["I said, \"Don, what are some examples of sustainable proteins?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他说他不知道。他会去问问周围的人。", "en": ["He said he didn't know. He would ask around."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后，我和这个公司里的一些人通了电话。 但是没有人能给我一个明确的答案。 直到最后，我通上了电话 对方是生物学专家。", "en": ["Well, I got on the phone with a few people in the company; no one could give me a straight answer until finally, I got on the phone with the head biologist."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "让我也暂且叫他 “唐阁下”。", "en": ["Let's call him Don too."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我说：“唐阁下” “可以举例说明一下可持续性蛋白质吗？”", "en": ["\"Don,\" I said, \"what are some examples of sustainable proteins?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "恩，他提到了一些藻类 还有一些鱼食， 然后他提到鸡丸。", "en": ["Well, he mentioned some algaes and some fish meals, and then he said chicken pellets."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我问道： “鸡丸?”", "en": ["I said, \"Chicken pellets?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他说，“是，羽毛，鸡皮， 骨骼，排泄物， 被晒干加工后添入饲料。”", "en": ["He said, \"Yeah, feathers, skin, bone meal, scraps, dried and processed into feed.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我说：“鸡在饲料中的比例 是多少？”", "en": ["I said, \"What percentage of your feed is chicken?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "想一下，你知道，2%。", "en": ["Thinking, you know, two percent."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "结果他说：“恩，大概占30%，”", "en": ["\"Well, it's about 30 percent,\" he said."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我说，“唐阁下，用鸡喂鱼， 这算什么可持续发展性？”", "en": ["I said, \"Don, what's sustainable about feeding chicken to fish?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "电话的那边安静了很长时间， 然后他对我说， “世界上就是有太多的鸡了。”", "en": ["There was a long pause on the line, and he said, \"There's just too much chicken in the world.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "于是，我不再爱这个鱼了。", "en": ["I fell out of love with this fish."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不，不是因为我是个自以为是， 伪善的美食家。", "en": ["No, not because I'm some self-righteous, goody-two shoes foodie."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "其实我是这样的人。", "en": ["I actually am."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不，我不再爱这个鱼了，是因为，我向上帝发誓， 在那次对话之后，那个鱼尝起来更像鸡。", "en": ["No, I actually fell out of love with this fish because, I swear to God, after that conversation, the fish tasted like chicken."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这第二条鱼， 它则是另一种不同的爱情故事。", "en": ["This second fish, it's a different kind of love story."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "是很浪漫的那种， 那种你越多了解你的鱼， 你就越爱它。", "en": ["It's the romantic kind, the kind where the more you get to know your fish, you love the fish."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我第一次在一个饭店中吃到这种鱼， 位置在西班牙南部。", "en": ["I first ate it at a restaurant in southern Spain."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "很久以前一个记者朋友和我说过这里。", "en": ["A journalist friend had been talking about this fish for a long time."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "她可以说是个媒人。", "en": ["She kind of set us up."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那条鱼在桌子上 很亮，有着光晕，白色的那种。", "en": ["It came to the table a bright, almost shimmering, white color."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "厨师烹饪它的时间过长了。", "en": ["The chef had overcooked it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "好像是烹饪了两次。", "en": ["Like twice over."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是太神奇了，它还是很好吃。", "en": ["Amazingly, it was still delicious."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谁可以做出这样好吃的鱼 而且还是在烹饪时间过长的情况下？", "en": ["Who can make a fish taste good after it's been overcooked?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我不能， 但是这个人可以。", "en": ["I can't, but this guy can."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "让我们叫他米格尔。 其实他的名字就是米格尔。", "en": ["Let's call him Miguel -- actually his name is Miguel."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是，他没有烹调那条鱼，他也不是个厨师。 至少在你我理解的方式之内他不是。", "en": ["And no, he didn't cook the fish, and he's not a chef, at least in the way that you and I understand it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他是一个生物学家 在薇塔拉帕尔马。", "en": ["He's a biologist at Veta La Palma."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他是个位于西班牙西南角的养鱼场。", "en": ["It's a fish farm in the southwestern corner of Spain."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他就在高达尔克维尔河的尖部。", "en": ["It's at the tip of the Guadalquivir river."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "直到上个世纪80年代， 这个渔场是阿根廷人管辖的。", "en": ["Until the 1980s, the farm was in the hands of the Argentinians."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们在这里养牛 那个时候这里基本上是湿地。", "en": ["They raised beef cattle on what was essentially wetlands."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当时他们把水抽走。", "en": ["They did it by draining the land."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后建造一系列复杂的运河， 他们接着把这里的水排入河流。", "en": ["They built this intricate series of canals, and they pushed water off the land and out into the river."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是，他们没有成功， 我是指经济方面。", "en": ["Well, they couldn't make it work, not economically."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而且对周围的环境造成了巨大的灾难。", "en": ["And ecologically, it was a disaster."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "周围差不多90%的鸟类都消失了， 而在这个地区那些是很多的鸟。", "en": ["It killed like 90 percent of the birds, which, for this place, is a lot of birds."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "到了1982年， 一家具有环保意识的的西班牙公司 购买了这块地。", "en": ["And so in 1982, a Spanish company with an environmental conscience purchased the land."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们做过什么？", "en": ["What did they do?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们逆转了水流的方向。", "en": ["They reversed the flow of water."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们基本上是搬动卡关。", "en": ["They literally flipped the switch."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "代替排水， 他们用这个水渠来把水引进来。", "en": ["Instead of pushing water out, they used the channels to pull water back in."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们用水填满了这个运河。", "en": ["They flooded the canals."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后建立了一个27000英亩的渔场-- 鲈鱼，梭鱼， 虾，鳗鱼 - 在这个工程中，米格尔，还有这个公司， 完全挽救了这次生态灾难。", "en": ["They created a 27,000-acre fish farm -- bass, mullet, shrimp, eel -- and in the process, Miguel and this company completely reversed the ecological destruction."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个渔场太了不起了。", "en": ["The farm's incredible."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我的意思是说，你从没见过类似的地方。", "en": ["I mean, you've never seen anything like this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我看着地平线 它是那么的广阔， 引入您视野的都是被注满水的河道 和这个富饶的沼泽湿地", "en": ["You stare out at a horizon that is a million miles away, and all you see are flooded canals and this thick, rich marshland."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不久前，我和米格尔去过那儿。", "en": ["I was there not long ago with Miguel."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他是个了不起的人， ¾是达尔文，¼是鳄鱼邓迪。", "en": ["He's an amazing guy, like three parts Charles Darwin and one part Crocodile Dundee."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们进入了湿地， 而我是气喘吁吁汗流浃背，淤泥没到了我的膝盖， 还有米格尔静静讲述的生物讲义。", "en": ["Okay? There we are slogging through the wetlands, and I'm panting and sweating, got mud up to my knees, and Miguel's calmly conducting a biology lecture."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这儿，他指向一只罕见的黑肩鸢。", "en": ["Here, he's pointing out a rare Black-shouldered Kite."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是，他提到可以满足矿物质需求的浮游植物。", "en": ["Now, he's mentioning the mineral needs of phytoplankton."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "还有这，他看到一组图案 让人联想起坦桑尼亚长颈鹿。", "en": ["And here, here he sees a grouping pattern that reminds him of the Tanzanian Giraffe."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "结果，米格尔曾经花了很长时间工作在 非洲的米库米国家公园。", "en": ["It turns out, Miguel spent the better part of his career in the Mikumi National Park in Africa."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我问他是怎么 成为一位鱼类专家的。", "en": ["I asked him how he became such an expert on fish."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他说： “鱼？我不了解他们。", "en": ["He said, \"Fish? I didn't know anything about fish."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我只是一个关系专家。”", "en": ["I'm an expert in relationships.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后他发起了更多的对话 都是有关于稀有鸟类和藻类 还有特殊的水生植物。", "en": ["And then he's off, launching into more talk about rare birds and algaes and strange aquatic plants."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "请不要误解我，那样的谈话真的是引人入胜， 关于生物群落一类的事情。", "en": ["And don't get me wrong, that was really fascinating, you know, the biotic community unplugged, kind of thing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这都很好，但是我恋爱了。", "en": ["It's great, but I was in love."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我脑中始终惦记着那条 我前一晚品尝过被过度烹饪的美味的鱼。", "en": ["And my head was swooning over that overcooked piece of delicious fish I had the night before."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以我中断了他。我说， “米格尔，什么使你的鱼那么好吃?\"", "en": ["So I interrupted him. I said, \"Miguel, what makes your fish taste so good?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他指向藻类。", "en": ["He pointed at the algae."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "“我知道，兄弟，藻类，浮游植物， 关系，这些都很神奇。", "en": ["\"I know, dude, the algae, the phytoplankton, the relationships: It's amazing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是你的鱼吃什么？", "en": ["But what are your fish eating?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "饲料转换率是多少？？”", "en": ["What's the feed conversion ratio?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后他继续告诉我 这是一个很富饶的系统， 这些鱼吃的就是它们在野外吃的东西。", "en": ["Well, he goes on to tell me it's such a rich system that the fish are eating what they'd be eating in the wild."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "植物的生物质，浮游植物， 浮游生物，都是鱼的饲料。", "en": ["The plant biomass, the phytoplankton, the zooplankton, it's what feeds the fish."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个系统非常健康， 它完全是自我更新的。", "en": ["The system is so healthy, it's totally self-renewing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "没有任何饲料。", "en": ["There is no feed."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "听说过一个不喂动物饲料的农场吗？", "en": ["Ever heard of a farm that doesn't feed its animals?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那天晚些时候，我和米格尔开着车在周围兜风， 我问他，“这样一个看起来如此自然的地方，” 不像其它任何一个我曾经见过的农场， “你如何衡量成功？”", "en": ["Later that day, I was driving around this property with Miguel, and I asked him, I said, \"For a place that seems so natural, unlike like any farm I'd ever been at, how do you measure success?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "就在那时，仿佛有一位 电影导演突然要求改变场景。", "en": ["At that moment, it was as if a film director called for a set change."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们转过弯 看到最美的画面， 成千上万的粉色火烈鸟， 可以说是一张粉色的地毯。", "en": ["And we rounded the corner and saw the most amazing sight: thousands and thousands of pink flamingos, a literal pink carpet for as far as you could see."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他说，“那就是成功。”", "en": ["\"That's success,\" he said."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "“看他们的腹部，粉色的。", "en": ["\"Look at their bellies, pink."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们正在享受盛宴。”", "en": ["They're feasting.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "盛宴？我完全迷惑了。", "en": ["Feasting? I was totally confused."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我说，“米格尔，他们的盛宴不正是你的鱼吗？”", "en": ["I said, \"Miguel, aren't they feasting on your fish?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "“正是,\"他说。", "en": ["\"Yes,\" he said."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "“鸟类会吃掉我们20%的鱼 还有鱼卵。", "en": ["\"We lose 20 percent of our fish and fish eggs to birds."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而且，去年，这个渔场 有600000只鸟， 超过250个不同的种群。", "en": ["Well, last year, this property had 600,000 birds on it, more than 250 different species."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "今天，这里已经成为最大的 而且是全欧洲最重要的 私有鸟类自然保护区之一。", "en": ["It's become, today, the largest and one of the most important private bird sanctuaries in all of Europe.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我说，“米格尔，这么多的鸟类数量 不是一个渔场最不想要到的吗？”", "en": ["I said, \"Miguel, isn't a thriving bird population like the last thing you want on a fish farm?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不，他摇摇头。", "en": ["He shook his head, no."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他说, “我们是广义上的养殖， 不是刻意的。", "en": ["He said, \"We farm extensively, not intensively."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是一个生态网络。", "en": ["This is an ecological network."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这些火烈鸟吃掉虾。", "en": ["The flamingos eat the shrimp."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "虾吃浮游动物。", "en": ["The shrimp eat the phytoplankton."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以他们的肚子上粉色越鲜艳， 代表这个系统越好。”", "en": ["So the pinker the belly, the better the system.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "好的，让我们重新审视一下。 一个农场不给它的动物喂食， 而且它衡量自己的成功是 根据它的天敌。", "en": ["Okay, so let's review: a farm that doesn't feed its animals, and a farm that measures its success on the health of its predators."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "一个渔场，同时也是个鸟类庇护所。", "en": ["A fish farm, but also a bird sanctuary."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而且，顺便说一句，那些火烈鸟， 它们本不应该在那里。", "en": ["Oh, and by the way, those flamingos, they shouldn't even be there in the first place."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它们在城里繁殖 而且是在150英里以外的， 那里的土壤状况 更加适合做巢。", "en": ["They brood in a town 150 miles away, where the soil conditions are better for building nests."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "每天早上，它们飞行 150英里来到这个渔场。", "en": ["Every morning, they fly 150 miles into the farm."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "到了晚上，他们在飞行150英里回家。", "en": ["And every evening, they fly 150 miles back."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "（笑声) 他们这样做是因为他们能顺着 A92号高速公路 的白线。", "en": ["They do that because they're able to follow of highway A92."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "没开玩笑。", "en": ["No kidding."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我一直在脑海中想象类似【帝企鹅日记】的事， 我看着米格尔。", "en": ["I was imagining a \"March of the Penguins\" thing, so I looked at Miguel."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我说，“米格尔，它们飞行 150英里来渔场， 然后它们晚上再 飞150英里回去吗？", "en": ["I said, \"Miguel, do they fly 150 miles to the farm, and then do they fly 150 miles back at night?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它们这么做是为了孩子吗？”", "en": ["Do they do that for the children?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他看着我就像是我刚刚引用了惠特尼休斯顿的歌。", "en": ["He looked at me like I had just quoted a Whitney Houston song."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他说，“不，他们这么做因为这里的食物更好。”", "en": ["He said, \"No; they do it because the food's better.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我还没有提到我最爱的鱼的皮吧， 真的是很美味，而且我通常不喜欢鱼皮。 我通常不喜欢烤的。我也不喜欢脆的。", "en": ["I didn't mention the skin of my beloved fish, which was delicious -- and I don't like fish skin; I don't like it seared, I don't like it crispy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它有辛辣，像柏油那样的味道。", "en": ["It's that acrid, tar-like flavor."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我从不把它和鱼一起做。", "en": ["I almost never cook with it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是，当我在西班牙南部的那个餐馆尝到它的时候， 尝起来不像是鱼皮。", "en": ["Yet, when I tasted it at that restaurant in southern Spain, it tasted not at all like fish skin."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它尝起来微甜而且干净 就像你尝了一口海洋自然的味道。", "en": ["It tasted sweet and clean, like you were taking a bite of the ocean."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我向米格尔提到我的想法，他点点头。", "en": ["I mentioned that to Miguel, and he nodded."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他说，“鱼皮的作用就像是海绵。", "en": ["He said, \"The skin acts like a sponge."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它是阻止任何物质进入到体内的最后的防线。", "en": ["It's the last defense before anything enters the body."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它的作用是吸收杂质。”", "en": ["It evolved to soak up impurities.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后他继续说， “但是我们的水没有杂质.”", "en": ["And then he added, \"But our water has no impurities.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "好的。一个渔厂不喂它的鱼。 一个渔场衡量它的成功 是依照它天敌的成功。", "en": ["OK. A farm that doesn't feed its fish, a farm that measures its success by the success of its predators."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后我意识到当他说， 一个渔场没有杂质， 他轻描淡写的说， 因为在渔场中流过的水 来自于高达尔克维尔河。", "en": ["And then I realized when he says, \"A farm that has no impurities,\" he made a big understatement, because the water that flows through that farm comes in from the Guadalquivir River."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那条河中含有 现在所有的一条河里都有的东西， 化学污染物， 农药残留。", "en": ["It's a river that carries with it all the things that rivers tend to carry these days: chemical contaminants, pesticide runoff."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后当它进入这个系统 之后离开时， 水质变得比来时更干净。", "en": ["And when it works its way through the system and leaves, the water is cleaner than when it entered."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个系统很卫生，它可以过滤这儿的水。", "en": ["The system is so healthy, it purifies the water."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，这个渔场不只是不喂动物， 不只是衡量它的成功 根据天敌的健康状况， 但是是一个渔场基本上还是个水净化厂， 而且不仅仅是为那些鱼， 更是为了你和我。", "en": ["So, not just a farm that doesn't feed its animals, not just a farm that measures its success by the health of its predators, but a farm that's literally a water purification plant -- and not just for those fish, but for you and me as well."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为当水离开这里时，它会流入大西洋。", "en": ["Because when that water leaves, it dumps out into the Atlantic."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我知道，这个作用是十分微薄的， 但是我很重视它，而且你们应该也是， 因为这个爱情故事， 不但浪漫， 而且有教育意义。", "en": ["A drop in the ocean, I know, but I'll take it, and so should you, because this love story, however romantic, is also instructive."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你也许会说它是未来 美食的食谱， 不管是我们在说鲈鱼还是牛肉。", "en": ["You might say it's a recipe for the future of good food, whether we're talking about bass or beef cattle."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们现在需要的是 一个全新的农业概念， 一种真正的美食。", "en": ["What we need now is a radically new conception of agriculture, one in which the food actually tastes good."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是对很多人来说， 那太极端了。", "en": ["But for a lot people, that's a bit too radical."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们不是现实主义者，我们的美食家。 我们是爱人。", "en": ["We're not realists, us foodies; we're lovers."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们爱农产品市场。 我们爱小型的家庭式农场。 我们谈论区域性食品。 我们吃有机食品。", "en": ["We love farmers' markets, we love small family farms, we talk about local food, we eat organic."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后当你建议这些食品 会保证未来的美食， 某人在某地站起来说， \"我说哥们，我爱粉色的火烈鸟， 但是你怎么让这个世界填饱肚子？", "en": ["And when you suggest these are the things that will ensure the future of good food, someone, somewhere stands up and says, \"Hey guy, I love pink flamingos, but how are you going to feed the world?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你怎么为这个世界填饱肚子？\"", "en": ["How are you going to feed the world?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我可以坦诚点吗？", "en": ["Can I be honest?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我不喜欢你的问题。", "en": ["I don't love that question."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不，不只是因为我们已经生产 了远远超出我们这个世界需要的卡路里。", "en": ["No, not because we already produce enough calories to more than feed the world."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "今天十亿人还是在饿着肚子。", "en": ["One billion people will go hungry today."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "十亿--那比以前任何时候都多-- 根本原因在于总体上的分配不平衡， 不是按吨位算的。", "en": ["One billion -- that's more than ever before -- because of gross inequalities in distribution, not tonnage."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我不喜欢这个问题的真正原因是因为他拟定了一个食物系统的 逻辑，一个存在于过去的50年中的逻辑。", "en": ["Now, I don't love this question because it's determined the logic of our food system for the last 50 years."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "把谷物喂给食草动物， 把农药给单品种作物，化学品给土壤， 把鸡给鱼， 然后各类农业可以 简单的问， “如果我们用更便宜的方法养活更多的人， 有什么不对的呢？”", "en": ["Feed grain to herbivores, pesticides to monocultures, chemicals to soil, chicken to fish, and all along agribusiness has simply asked, \"If we're feeding more people more cheaply, how terrible could that be?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那就是一个动机。 它已经变得合乎情理了。 它是一个商业计划 属于美国农业的。", "en": ["That's been the motivation, it's been the justification: it's been the business plan of American agriculture."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们应该指出它的真面目， 一个在清算的生意， 一个迅速侵蚀的生意 生态资本使得这种生产成为可能。", "en": ["We should call it what it is: a business in liquidation, a business that's quickly eroding ecological capital that makes that very production possible."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那不是一个生意， 它也不是农业。", "en": ["That's not a business, and it isn't agriculture."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "今天我们的食品正在受到威胁， 不是因为正在递减的供给， 而是因为正在递减的资源，", "en": ["Our breadbasket is threatened today, not because of diminishing supply, but because of diminishing resources."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不是靠最新的嫁接技术与拖拉机的发明， 而是肥沃的土壤， 不是靠水泵，而是靠新鲜的水源， 不是靠电锯，而是靠森林， 不是靠渔船和渔网，而是靠海洋里的鱼。", "en": ["Not by the latest combine and tractor invention, but by fertile land; not by pumps, but by fresh water; not by chainsaws, but by forests; and not by fishing boats and nets, but by fish in the sea."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "想要喂饱这个世界？", "en": ["Want to feed the world?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "让我们开始问：我们怎么去喂养我们自己？", "en": ["Let's start by asking: How are we going to feed ourselves?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "或者更好的，我们怎么去建立一种环境 它可以让每一个团体 去养活自己？", "en": ["Or better: How can we create conditions that enable every community to feed itself?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "要做到那样， 不要指望未来沿用现在的农业模型。", "en": ["To do that, don't look at the agribusiness model for the future."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它已经过时了，而且很疲劳。", "en": ["It's really old, and it's tired."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为它过度依赖资本，化学，和机械， 而且它生产不出来真正的好食品。", "en": ["It's high on capital, chemistry and machines, and it's never produced anything really good to eat."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "取而代之，让我们看看生态模式。", "en": ["Instead, let's look to the ecological model."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它存在了20亿年 同时具有实战经验。", "en": ["That's the one that relies on two billion years of on-the-job experience."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "看看米格尔， 看看像米格尔这样的农民，", "en": ["Look to Miguel, farmers like Miguel."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不只属于他们自己的农场， 它自我恢复，而不是消耗， 广义的农场 取代只是狭义的， 农民不再只是生产者， 而是关系专家，", "en": ["Farms that aren't worlds unto themselves; farms that restore instead of deplete; farms that farm extensively instead of just intensively; farmers that are not just producers, but experts in relationships."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为他们 同时也是口味上的专家。", "en": ["Because they're the ones that are experts in flavor, too."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而且如果要我说实话， 他们是比我更好的厨师。", "en": ["And if I'm going to be really honest, they're a better chef than I'll ever be."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你们知道，我完全认同这样的事， 因为如果未来的优质食品是这样的，它们肯定会是非常美味的。", "en": ["You know, I'm okay with that, because if that's the future of good food, it's going to be delicious."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢你们。", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我是在科幻小说的陪伴下长大的。", "en": ["I grew up on a steady diet of science fiction."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "高中的时候，我每天要搭乘 一个小时的公交车往返学校。", "en": ["In high school, I took a bus to school an hour each way every day."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "漫长车程中，我总是沉浸在书本里， 那些科幻小说 将我的思想带到其他的世界， 以叙事的方式， 满足了我当时强烈的好奇感。", "en": ["And I was always absorbed in a book, science fiction book, which took my mind to other worlds, and satisfied, in a narrative form, this insatiable sense of curiosity that I had."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "除此之外，我的好奇心也展现在其他方面： 每当我不需要上课的时候， 我总会前往树林里， 远足和采集“标本”， 青蛙呀、蛇呀、虫子呀、池水呀， 通通带回家中，放到显微镜下研究。", "en": ["And you know, that curiosity also manifested itself in the fact that whenever I wasn't in school I was out in the woods, hiking and taking \"samples\" -- frogs and snakes and bugs and pond water -- and bringing it back, looking at it under the microscope."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我当时算得上是极品的科学狂人。", "en": ["You know, I was a real science geek."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但这一切都是为了尝试了解这个世界， 了解可能的边界。", "en": ["But it was all about trying to understand the world, understand the limits of possibility."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而我对科幻小说的喜爱 也是与我周围的世界相呼应的， 因为当时是60年代末期， 人类开始登月， 开始潜入深海。", "en": ["And my love of science fiction actually seemed mirrored in the world around me, because what was happening, this was in the late '60s, we were going to the moon, we were exploring the deep oceans."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "雅克.格斯特将他神奇的视觉特效 带入我们的生活中，为我们呈现了 之前无法想象的动物、", "en": ["Jacques Cousteau was coming into our living rooms with his amazing specials that showed us animals and places and a wondrous world that we could never really have previously imagined."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "景观和一个美妙的世界。 这一切都似乎和科幻小说之间", "en": ["So, that seemed to resonate with the whole science fiction part of it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "产生着共鸣。 与此同时，我也是名艺术家。", "en": ["And I was an artist."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我能绘能画。", "en": ["I could draw. I could paint."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我也发现因为当时没有电子游戏、 特效电影的渗入以及现今传媒产业中 大量的图像化， 我不得不在我的头脑中来创造这些图像。", "en": ["And I found that because there weren't video games and this saturation of CG movies and all of this imagery in the media landscape, I had to create these images in my head."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "相信大家小时候都和我一样， 在读书的时候，往往会在我们大脑中 把作者所描述的东西向电影一样播放。", "en": ["You know, we all did, as kids having to read a book, and through the author's description, put something on the movie screen in our heads."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而我对此的回应则是描绘 外星生物、外星世界、 机器人、宇宙飞船、等等。", "en": ["And so, my response to this was to paint, to draw alien creatures, alien worlds, robots, spaceships, all that stuff."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我躲在教科书后面涂鸦的行径 总是被数学老师给逮个正着。", "en": ["I was endlessly getting busted in math class doodling behind the textbook."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "正因此，我不得不为我的创造力 寻求其他的宣泄途径。", "en": ["That was -- the creativity had to find its outlet somehow."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "有趣的是，雅克.格斯特的影片令我惊喜地发现 原来在这个地球上 就存在着一个外星世界。", "en": ["And an interesting thing happened: The Jacques Cousteau shows actually got me very excited about the fact that there was an alien world right here on Earth."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我也许无法真的在有生之年 乘坐宇宙飞船前往外星世界。 这听起来太不着边际了。", "en": ["I might not really go to an alien world on a spaceship someday -- that seemed pretty darn unlikely."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但这个地球上确实存在着一个 我真的可以前往的世界—— 富饶而奇异， 拥有着我通过书本所幻想的一切。", "en": ["But that was a world I could really go to, right here on Earth, that was as rich and exotic as anything that I had imagined from reading these books."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此在我15岁的那一年，我决定成为一名 潜水员。", "en": ["So, I decided I was going to become a scuba diver at the age of 15."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不过唯一的问题是，我当时 住在加拿大的一个小村庄里， 最近的海也要600英里远。", "en": ["And the only problem with that was that I lived in a little village in Canada, 600 miles from the nearest ocean."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但我却没有因此而心灰意冷。", "en": ["But I didn't let that daunt me."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我反复纠缠我的老爸，直到他在 纽约水牛市为我找到了一个潜水训练班， 它就在美加边界的另一侧。", "en": ["I pestered my father until he finally found a scuba class in Buffalo, New York, right across the border from where we live."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在基督教青年会的泳池内， 我拿到了我的潜水证书。", "en": ["in a pool at a YMCA in the dead of winter in Buffalo, New York."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但在随后的两年里， 我却不曾亲眼看见过大海， 直到我们搬到了加利福尼亚洲。", "en": ["And I didn't see the ocean, a real ocean, until we moved to California."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在那之后 的40年里， 我在水下度过了大概3000个小时。 其中500个小时是在潜水器中度过的。", "en": ["Since then, in the intervening 40 years, I've spent about 3,000 hours underwater, and 500 hours of that was in submersibles."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我发现深海之中── 即使是浅海之中── 充满了令人惊奇的生命， 远远超出了我们的想象。 同我们人类狭隘的想象范围相比", "en": ["And I've learned that that deep-ocean environment, and even the shallow oceans, are so rich with amazing life that really is beyond our imagination."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "大自然的想象力 是无边无际的。", "en": ["Nature's imagination is so boundless meager human imagination."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "直到今日，我潜水时所目睹的一切 仍令我感到无比惊奇。", "en": ["I still, to this day, stand in absolute awe of what I see when I make these dives."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我对海洋的热爱 始终如一、不曾改变。", "en": ["And my love affair with the ocean is ongoing, and just as strong as it ever was."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但当我长大成人，需要择业的时候， 我选择了电影制作。", "en": ["But when I chose a career as an adult, it was filmmaking."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在当时看来，这是将我 讲故事的渴求与创造图象的欲望 合二为一的最好途径。", "en": ["And that seemed to be the best way to reconcile this urge I had to tell stories with my urges to create images."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在我还是个孩子的时候，我常常画漫画。", "en": ["And I was, as a kid, constantly drawing comic books, and so on."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而电影制作正好将图象和故事结合在一起。 理所当然，水到渠成。", "en": ["So, filmmaking was the way to put pictures and stories together, and that made sense."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当然了，我讲的故事都是些科幻故事 《终结者》《异性》 和《深渊》。", "en": ["And of course the stories that I chose to tell were science fiction stories: \"Terminator,\" \"Aliens\" and \"The Abyss.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在《深渊》中，我将我对深海和潜水的喜爱 与电影制作结合到了一起。", "en": ["And with \"The Abyss,\" I was putting together my love of underwater and diving with filmmaking."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "将两份热忱，合二为一。", "en": ["So, you know, merging the two passions."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而《深渊》也带来了另一种启迪： 为了更好的呈现 影片的叙事模式， 创造出影片中的液体水生物， 我们开始使用电脑动画技术。", "en": ["Something interesting came out of \"The Abyss,\" which was that to solve a specific narrative problem on that film, which was to create this kind of liquid water creature, we actually embraced computer generated animation, CG."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "电影业中的首个 电脑制作的软表面人物 也因此而诞生。", "en": ["And this resulted in the first soft-surface character, CG animation that was ever in a movie."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "尽管那部电影票房不济， 刚好回本罢了， 我却因此而目睹了令人惊奇的一幕── 全球观众都被影片所呈现的魔法 深深吸引。", "en": ["And even though the film didn't make any money -- barely broke even, I should say -- I witnessed something amazing, which is that the audience, the global audience, was mesmerized by this apparent magic."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这就是阿瑟·克拉克定律── 先进的科技和魔法之间是难以区分的。", "en": ["You know, it's Arthur Clarke's law that any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而当时观众所目睹的正是这种魔力。", "en": ["They were seeing something magical."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这令我感到无比兴奋。", "en": ["And so that got me very excited."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我当时想到，“天呀，这项技术需要在电影艺术中 大范围推广。”", "en": ["And I thought, \"Wow, this is something that needs to be embraced into the cinematic art.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以在我的下一部电影《终结者2》中， 我们将这项技术推上了新的台阶。", "en": ["So, with \"Terminator 2,\" which was my next film, we took that much farther."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "通过和“工业光魔”电影特效公司的合作，我们创造了影片中那个 液体金属家伙。而电影的成功与否 将取决于这项技术能否奏效。", "en": ["Working with ILM, we created the liquid metal dude in that film. The success hung in the balance on whether that effect would work."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "结果它奏效了。我们再次创造了魔法。 我们再次从观众那里得到了同样的回馈。 不过那部电影的票房要稍微好一点。", "en": ["And it did, and we created magic again, and we had the same result with an audience -- although we did make a little more money on that one."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "综合这两次经历， 我们意识到 这将是一个全新的世界 一个容许电影艺术者们施展想象力的 全新世界。", "en": ["So, drawing a line through those two dots of experience came to, \"This is going to be a whole new world,\" this was a whole new world of creativity for film artists."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以我和我的好友Stan Winston 成立了一家公司。 Stan Winston是当时的知名化妆师和造型师。 公司的名字就叫做\"数码领域\"。", "en": ["So, I started a company with Stan Winston, my good friend Stan Winston, who is the premier make-up and creature designer at that time, and it was called Digital Domain."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而公司的理念就是 蛙跳过去光学打印机等等的 模拟过程， 直接转入数码制作。", "en": ["And the concept of the company was that we would leapfrog past the analog processes of optical printers and so on, and we would go right to digital production."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "事实上我们的确做到了这一点，使得我们在一段时间内占据了先机。", "en": ["And we actually did that and it gave us a competitive advantage for a while."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但在90年代中叶，我们发现虽然公司的初衷 是在生物、人物设计方面有所建树， 但我们在这一方面却是落伍了。", "en": ["But we found ourselves lagging in the mid '90s in the creature and character design stuff that we had actually founded the company to do."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此我创作了这个《阿凡达》的作品， 旨在将视觉效果 和电脑特效 推向极限， 利用电脑动画制造出 具有真实人类情感的生物。 主要角色将由电脑制作。 整个场景将由电脑制作。", "en": ["So, I wrote this piece called \"Avatar,\" which was meant to absolutely push the envelope of visual effects, of CG effects, beyond, with realistic human emotive characters generated in CG, and the main characters would all be in CG, and the world would be in CG."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但我却碰了一鼻子灰。 我们公司里的人告诉我说 我们在当时的技术条件下，是无法完成这样的特效的。", "en": ["And the envelope pushed back, and I was told by the folks at my company that we weren't going to be able to do this for a while."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以我将这个想法放置一旁，转而制作了一部关于大船沉入海底的电影。", "en": ["So, I shelved it, and I made this other movie about a big ship that sinks."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我当时跟电影公司说这部电影将会是船上的“罗密欧与朱丽叶”， 将会是一部史诗般的、 浪漫激情的电影。", "en": ["You know, I went and pitched it to the studio as \"'Romeo and Juliet' on a ship: \"It's going to be this epic romance, passionate film.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但私底下，我的真实动机 是去拜访一下泰坦尼克的残骸。", "en": ["Secretly, what I wanted to do was I wanted to dive to the real wreck of \"Titanic.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这才是我制作那部电影的原因。", "en": ["And that's why I made the movie."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我说的是事实。不过电影公司当时是不知情的。", "en": ["And that's the truth. Now, the studio didn't know that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我说服了他们。我说： “我们将潜入船骸，实地取景，", "en": ["But I convinced them. I said, \"We're going to dive to the wreck. We're going to film it for real."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "作为影片的开场。", "en": ["We'll be using it in the opening of the film."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "此事至关重要、极具噱头。”", "en": ["It will be really important. It will be a great marketing hook.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "于是我说服了他们投资于一场冒险历程。", "en": ["And I talked them into funding an expedition."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "听起来很疯狂。但这件事归根结底，依旧是关于 如果用你的想像力来创造一个现实。", "en": ["Sounds crazy. But this goes back to that theme about your imagination creating a reality."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "事实上，我们的确在六个月后创造了一个现实── 我在北大西洋2.5英里水下， 身处一个俄罗斯潜水器中， 通过一个视口观望真正的泰坦尼克。", "en": ["Because we actually created a reality where six months later, I find myself in a Russian submersible two and a half miles down in the north Atlantic, looking at the real Titanic through a view port."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不是电影，不是高清，而是身临其境。", "en": ["Not a movie, not HD -- for real."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那次经历令我大为惊叹。", "en": ["Now, that blew my mind."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "前期的准备工作是很繁琐的，我们需要搭建摄像机、 灯光等等。", "en": ["And it took a lot of preparation, we had to build cameras and lights and all kinds of things."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但真正让我震惊的是 这些深海潜水活动 就如宇宙探险一样。", "en": ["But, it struck me how much this dive, these deep dives, was like a space mission."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "两者都是高科技产物， 两者都需要缜密的部署。", "en": ["You know, where it was highly technical, and it required enormous planning."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你踏进船舱，踏入这漆黑 险恶的环境， 如果你无法依靠自己的力量返回的话， 你是没有任何被营救的可能的。", "en": ["You get in this capsule, you go down to this dark hostile environment if you can't get back by yourself."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我当时想到：“天呀。我就好像 活在一个科幻电影里面一样。", "en": ["And I thought like, \"Wow. I'm like, living in a science fiction movie."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "太酷了！”", "en": ["This is really cool.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "正因此，深海探险成了我新的嗜好。", "en": ["And so, I really got bitten by the bug of deep-ocean exploration."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当然了，这归结于其中的好奇感、科学性。 它是万物合一、是探求未知、 是好奇无边、是想象无限，", "en": ["Of course, the curiosity, the science component of it -- it was everything. It was adventure, it was curiosity, it was imagination."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "是好莱坞无法给予我的 难得经历。", "en": ["Hollywood couldn't give me."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "虽然我可以想象出一个生物，然后利用电脑特效将它创造出来， 但我却无法想象出那天我透过潜水窗 所看到的一切。", "en": ["Because, you know, I could imagine a creature and we could create a visual effect for it. But I couldn't imagine what I was seeing out that window."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在我们随后的探险过程中， 我观测到过居住在热液喷口的生物， 有时会看到我之前从来没有看过的东西， 有时会看到任何人之前都没有看过的东西， 甚至是一些在我们当时目击并记录之前 还没有被科学所描述的事物。", "en": ["As we did some of our subsequent expeditions, I was seeing creatures at hydrothermal vents and sometimes things that I had never seen before, sometimes things that no one had seen before, that actually were not described by science at the time that we saw them and imaged them."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "正因此，我对此是神魂颠倒， 不得不继续下去。", "en": ["So, I was completely smitten by this, and had to do more."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "于是我做出了一个令人惊讶的决定。", "en": ["And so, I actually made a kind of curious decision."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在《泰坦尼克号》取得成功之后， 我决定：“好吧，我在好莱坞制作电影的工作 到这里就可以告一段落了。 在接下来的一段时间里，我要成为一名全职探险家。”", "en": ["After the success of \"Titanic,\" I said, \"OK, I'm going to park my day job as a Hollywood movie maker, and I'm going to go be a full-time explorer for a while.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此，我们开始计划 这些探险活动。", "en": ["And so, we started planning these expeditions."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们前往俾斯麦沉船， 利用机器人装置来探测它的残骸。", "en": ["And we wound up going to the Bismark, and exploring it with robotic vehicles."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们随后又回到了泰坦尼克的残骸。", "en": ["We went back to the Titanic wreck."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "并且创造出了一批可以 缠绕光学纤维的机器人。", "en": ["We took little bots that we had created that spooled a fiber optic."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "目的就是深入到残骸中，探索其内部的样子 ──一个前无古人的做法。", "en": ["And the idea was to go in and do an interior survey of that ship, which had never been done."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在此之前，没有人看过残骸的内部。他们没有所需要的技术， 所以我们就创造出相应的技术。", "en": ["Nobody had ever looked inside the wreck. They didn't have the means to do it, so we created technology to do it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "要知道，我当时就在泰坦尼克的甲板上， 坐在一个潜水器内， 看着就如同这个的木质甲板， 心想着曾在这里表演的乐队。", "en": ["So, you know, here I am now, on the deck of Titanic, sitting in a submersible, and looking out at planks that look much like this, where I knew that the band had played."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我操控着一个小型的机器人探索器 飞过船内的走廊。", "en": ["And I'm flying a little robotic vehicle through the corridor of the ship."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "虽然我在操控着它， 我的思想却是在这个探索器内，", "en": ["When I say, \"I'm operating it,\" but my mind is in the vehicle."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我感觉我确确实实地 置身在泰坦尼克的残骸中。", "en": ["I felt like I was physically present inside the shipwreck of Titanic."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那是我所经历过的最难以置信的 此曾相识的感觉， 因为在机器人的探测灯照亮周围之前， 我就已经知道每个转角背后 所隐藏的一切， 原因就在于电影制作的过程中， 我花费了很多个月的时间在这个场景中走来走去。 而摄影棚中的道具就是依照这个船的设计图 所制造出来的一个真实模型。", "en": ["And it was the most surreal kind of deja vu experience I've ever had, because I would know before I turned a corner what was going to be there before the lights of the vehicle actually revealed it, because I had walked the set for months when we were making the movie. And the set was based as an exact replica on the blueprints of the ship."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以那一次的经历是非比寻常的，", "en": ["So, it was this absolutely remarkable experience."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它使我感受到了一种 远程监控的经历── 我们甚至上拥有这些机器人形态的阿凡达， 我们将我们的思想意识注入其中， 注入另外一种存在形式中。", "en": ["And it really made me realize that the telepresence experience -- that you actually can have these robotic avatars, then your consciousness is injected into the vehicle, into this other form of existence."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这的确是很深刻的感受。", "en": ["It was really, really quite profound."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "也许这一切可以让我们大致猜想几十年后的世界 会是怎样。 作为一名科学小说迷 我可以想象各种 后人类社会的未来， 利用半机械人 来进行探险 以及其他活动。 所以通过这些探险 我开始真正地欣赏海底的美妙， 比如那些生活在深海裂口处的 奇妙的动物们。", "en": ["And it may be a little bit of a glimpse as to what might be happening some decades out as we start to have cyborg bodies for exploration or for other means in many sort of post-human futures that I can imagine, So, having done these expeditions, and really beginning to appreciate what was down there, such as at the deep ocean vents where we had these amazing, amazing animals --"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它们算得上就是地球上的外星生物。", "en": ["they're basically aliens right here on Earth."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它们住在一个化学合成的环境中，", "en": ["They live in an environment of chemosynthesis."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "完全不需要我们赖以生存的 太阳光照。 所以当你看到那些", "en": ["They don't survive on sunlight-based system the way we do."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "生活在500度高温的海底地柱周边的 动物的时候，", "en": ["And so, you're seeing animals that are living next to water plumes."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你觉得它们完全不可能存活。", "en": ["You think they can't possibly exist."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "与此同时， 我也开始对太空科技感兴趣。 这自然也是受到了年少时候科学小说的影响。", "en": ["At the same time I was getting very interested in space science as well -- again, it's the science fiction influence, as a kid."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "结果我和太空社区建立了 很紧密的联系， 和美国航天局合作， 成为了他们咨询委员会的一员， 策划真正的太空任务， 前往俄罗斯，参观宇航员之前的 生物科学协议 等等一系列的事情 以便于我们带着我们的3D摄影器材 前往国际空间站。", "en": ["And I wound up getting involved with the space community, really involved with NASA, sitting on the NASA advisory board, planning actual space missions, going to Russia, going through the pre-cosmonaut biomedical protocols, and all these sorts of things, to actually go and fly to the international space station with our 3D camera systems."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这种经历是令人难忘的。", "en": ["And this was fascinating."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但我到头来所做的，却是说服太空科学家们 跟随我们前往海洋深处，", "en": ["But what I wound up doing was bringing space scientists with us into the deep."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "让他们可以切身体验。 太空生物学家、天体科学家 等等对极端环境感兴趣的人们 都被我们带到深海裂口处，让他们能亲眼观看、 采取样品、探测仪器等等。", "en": ["And taking them down so that they had access -- astrobiologists, planetary scientists, people who were interested in these extreme environments -- taking them down to the vents, and letting them see, and take samples and test instruments, and so on."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以我们在制作记录片的同时 却是在研究科学 研究太空科学。", "en": ["So, here we were making documentary films, but actually doing science, and actually doing space science."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我把小时候 身为科学小说迷的经历 和真实从事这一行业的经历", "en": ["I'd completely closed the loop between being the science fiction fan, and doing this stuff for real."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "联系到了一起。 在这个探索之旅中， 我也是 学到了很多东西。", "en": ["And you know, along the way in this journey of discovery, I learned a lot."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我学到了很多关于科学的东西。但我也学会了很多 关于领袖才能的东西。", "en": ["I learned a lot about science. But I also learned a lot about leadership."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你觉得导演必须得是一名领袖人才， 是领导、是掌舵者之类的。 但在这些探险之前，", "en": ["Now you think director has got to be a leader, leader of, captain of the ship, and all that sort of thing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我对领袖才能却是一无所知。", "en": ["I didn't really learn about leadership until I did these expeditions."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为我终究要问自己： “我到底在做些什么呢？", "en": ["Because I had to, at a certain point, say, \"What am I doing out here?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我为什么要做这些事情？我从中得到什么呢？”", "en": ["Why am I doing this? What do I get out of it?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这些该死的纪录片根本不赚钱。", "en": ["We don't make money at these damn shows."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们想回本都不容易。没名没份的。", "en": ["We barely break even. There is no fame in it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "很多人都认为我在《泰坦尼克》和《阿凡达》两部电影之间 退居幕后，坐在沙滩上面 修指甲罢了。", "en": ["People sort of think I went away between \"Titanic\" and \"Avatar\" and was buffing my nails someplace, sitting at the beach."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但事实上我制作了这些电影，这些纪录片， 只有很少数的观众看过。", "en": ["Made all these films, made all these documentary films for a very limited audience."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "没名、没份、没钱。你到底在做什么呢？", "en": ["No fame, no glory, no money. What are you doing?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我做这一切是为了这个经历本身的价值 为了这个挑战── 而大海就是最富挑战的环境， 我做这一切也是为了探索发现的惊奇感， 为了那种一小群人组成一个紧密的团队时 所撞击出的奇妙的凝聚力。", "en": ["You're doing it for the task itself, for the challenge -- and the ocean is the most challenging environment there is -- for the thrill of discovery, and for that strange bond that happens when a small group of people form a tightly knit team."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为每一次我们都会和10到12个人 一起工作上几个年头。 有时要在海上呆上个2-3个月。", "en": ["Because we would do these things with 10, 12 people, working for years at a time, sometimes at sea for two, three months at a time."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而在那种凝聚力下，你意识到 最重要的事情 就是你与他们 彼此之间的尊敬，你们共同完成了一个 无法向他人解释的任务。", "en": ["And in that bond, you realize that the most important thing is the respect that you have for them and that they have for you, that you've done a task that you can't explain to someone else."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当你回到海岸上，你会说： “我们需要做这个，这个光学纤维，这个电律衰减， 还有这个、那个。” 各项技术、其中的难度、 海上作业的工作效率── 这些都是你无法向他人解释的。这就好像那些 同甘共苦过的警察、战士一样，他们知道 他们是无法向其他人解释其中的经历的。", "en": ["When you come back to the shore and you say, \"We had to do this, and the fiber optic, and the attentuation, and the this and the that, all the technology of it, and the difficulty, the human-performance aspects of working at sea,\" you can't explain it to people. It's that thing that maybe cops have, or people in combat that have gone through something together and they know they can never explain it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "创造一个凝聚力，创造一个充满尊重之情的凝聚力。", "en": ["Creates a bond, creates a bond of respect."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以当我回来制作我的下一部电影 《阿凡达》的时候， 我试着应用同样的领导信条── 尊敬你的团队， 他们才会回过头来尊敬你。", "en": ["So, when I came back to make my next movie, which was \"Avatar,\" I tried to apply that same principle of leadership, which is that you respect your team, and you earn their respect in return."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而这一信条的确是改变了团队的活力。", "en": ["And it really changed the dynamic."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我再次和一个小团队走到了一起 共同前往未知的领域 制作《阿凡达》，创造不曾存在过的 新科技。", "en": ["So, here I was again with a small team, in uncharted territory, doing \"Avatar,\" coming up with new technology that didn't exist before."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "振奋人心。", "en": ["Tremendously exciting."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "充满挑战。", "en": ["Tremendously challenging."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在四年半的时间里，我们变成了一个大家庭。", "en": ["And we became a family, over a four-and-half year period."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个经历彻底改变了我制作电影的方式。", "en": ["And it completely changed how I do movies."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "人们评论说：你把海底生物 带回到人们视野中来 放到了潘朵拉这个星球上。", "en": ["So, people have commented on how, \"Well, you know, you brought back the ocean organisms and put them on the planet of Pandora.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对于我而言，更侧重于做事的基本法则 和这个过程本身，从而改变了事情的结果。", "en": ["To me, it was more of a fundamental way of doing business, the process itself, that changed as a result of that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以我们从这一切中得到了什么呢？", "en": ["So, what can we synthesize out of all this?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "学到了哪些东西呢？", "en": ["You know, what are the lessons learned?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我觉得第一点就是 好奇心。", "en": ["Well, I think number one is curiosity."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是你所拥有的最有力的东西。", "en": ["It's the most powerful thing you own."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "想象力是一种力量 一种可以反映现实的力量。", "en": ["Imagination is a force that can actually manifest a reality."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而你团队对你的尊敬 要比这个世界上所有其他的桂冠 都要重要。", "en": ["And the respect of your team is more important than all the laurels in the world."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "有时年轻电影导演 会问我：“给我一些电影方面的建议。”", "en": ["I have young filmmakers come up to me and say, \"Give me some advice for doing this.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我的回答是：“不要局限你自己。", "en": ["And I say, \"Don't put limitations on yourself."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "别人会来局限你，会为你去划边界，但你不要自己局限自己。 不要赌自己会输。 要敢于冒险。”", "en": ["Other people will do that for you -- don't do it to yourself, don't bet against yourself, and take risks.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "美国航空局有一则他们很喜欢的名言： “失败不是一个选项。”", "en": ["NASA has this phrase that they like: \"Failure is not an option.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但在艺术和探险中， 失败必定是个选项，因为这些都需要敢于挑战的信心。", "en": ["But failure has to be an option in art and in exploration, because it's a leap of faith."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "没有哪个需要创新的 重要奋斗 是在没有风险的条件下完成的。", "en": ["And no important endeavor that required innovation was done without risk."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你必须愿意承担这些风险。", "en": ["You have to be willing to take those risks."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而这就是我所想要留给你们的启迪： 无论你做什么， 失败都是其中一个选项， 但畏惧却不是。谢谢你们。", "en": ["So, that's the thought I would leave you with, is that in whatever you're doing, failure is an option, but fear is not. Thank you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果今天我可以留给你们一个理念 那就是我们消费的所有的数据所富含的信息大于各部分相加的总和， 那就是我们消费的所有的数据所富含的信息大于各部分相加的总和， 那就是我们消费的所有的数据所富含的信息大于各部分相加的总和， 并且，与其思考信息爆炸 我希望你想一想怎样使用 这些信息，显示其中的规律 使得我们能看见本来不可见的趋势，", "en": ["If I can leave you with one big idea today, it's that the whole of the data in which we consume is greater that the sum of the parts, and instead of thinking about information overload, what I'd like you to think about is how we can use information so that patterns pop and we can see trends that would otherwise be invisible."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那么我们在这里看到的是一个典型的死亡率图表 按照年龄分组", "en": ["So what we're looking at right here is a typical mortality chart organized by age."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我在这里使用的工具是一个小实验", "en": ["This tool that I'm using here is a little experiment."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它称为Pivot，我能用Pivot 选择过滤特殊死亡原因，譬如事故", "en": ["It's called Pivot, and with Pivot what I can do is I can choose to filter in one particular cause of deaths -- say, accidents."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "立刻，我看到一个不同的模式展现出来", "en": ["And, right away, I see there's a different pattern that emerges."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是因为，在中间这里 人们在他们最活跃的年龄 而在这里他们也是最体弱多病的时候", "en": ["This is because, in the mid-area here, people are at their most active, and over here they're at their most frail."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们可以退回来 根据死亡原因重组数据 我们看到循环系统疾病和癌症 是致死的主要病症，但这个规律并非适用于每个人", "en": ["We can step back out again and then reorganize the data by cause of death, seeing that circulatory diseases and cancer are the usual suspects, but not for everyone."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果我们按照年龄过滤， 譬如40岁以下 我们可以看到 意外事故变成了人们需要格外小心的杀手", "en": ["If we go ahead and we filter by age -- say 40 years or less -- we see that accidents are actually the greatest cause that people have to be worried about."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果你进一步挖掘，会发现这一条尤其针对男性适用", "en": ["And if you drill into that, it's especially the case for men."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "好了，你大概明白这个工具的作用了 通过这种方式查看信息，数据 很像在 鲜活的信息资料图片中遨游。", "en": ["So you get the idea that viewing information, viewing data in this way, is a lot like swimming in a living information info-graphic."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果我们能够对原始数据这样做 为什么不也在内容上做呢？", "en": ["And if we can do this for raw data, why not do it for content as well?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此我们在这里展示 有史以来的 每一期体育画报的封面 全部在这里，全部在网络上。", "en": ["So what we have right here is the cover of every single Sports Illustrated It's all here; it's all on the web."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你可以在我演讲结束后回到你的房间试试看。", "en": ["You can go back to your rooms and try this after my talk."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "使用Pivot，你能够以十年为单位查看。", "en": ["With Pivot, you can drill into a decade."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你能够深入指定的某一年。", "en": ["You can drill into a particular year."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你能直接进入一个某一期", "en": ["You can jump right into a specific issue."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "比如我看到这个；我看见曾经出现在这期中的 运动员，体育。", "en": ["So I'm looking at this; I see the athletes that have appeared in this issue, the sports."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我是兰斯·阿姆斯特朗的粉丝，所以我继续点击 它就给我展示了所有 这只是兰斯·阿姆斯特朗所有问题中的一部分", "en": ["I'm a Lance Armstrong fan, so I'll go ahead and I'll click on that, which reveals, for me, all the issues in which Lance Armstrong's been a part of."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "（掌声欢呼） 现在，如果我仅仅是想取样这些数据的高峰 我会想， 好吧，看看所有自行车运动员如何？", "en": ["Now, if I want to just kind of take a peek at these, I might think, \"Well, what about taking a look at all of cycling?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此，我可以退一步，并扩大这一点", "en": ["So I can step back, and expand on that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我现在看见了格雷格·莱蒙德", "en": ["And I see Greg LeMond now."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此你要明白 当你用这种方式浏览信息时 狭窄的，宽阔的， 后退，反向， 你不是在搜寻，不是在浏览。", "en": ["And so you get the idea that when you navigate over information this way -- going narrower, broader, backing in, backing out -- you're not searching, you're not browsing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你做的事实际上有点不同。", "en": ["You're doing something that's actually a little bit different."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "介于两者之间，并且我们认为 这改变了信息的使用方式", "en": ["It's in between, and we think it changes the way information can be used."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此，我推断在这个想法上 有些东西是有点疯狂。", "en": ["So I want to extrapolate on this idea a bit with something that's a little bit crazy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们在这儿做的是摘取每个维基百科的页面 然后压缩为一个小小的摘要", "en": ["What we're done here is we've taken every single Wikipedia page and we reduced it down to a little summary."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "摘要包含了简介 一个图标显示它来自专业领域。", "en": ["So the summary consists of just a little synopsis and an icon to indicate the topical area that it comes from."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我仅仅在这里展示前500个 最受欢迎的维基百科页面", "en": ["I'm only showing the top 500 most popular Wikipedia pages right here."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但即使在这些有限的浏览中， 我们依然可以做很多事情。", "en": ["But even in this limited view, we can do a lot of things."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "立刻，我们得知 维基百科上最流行的是什么。", "en": ["Right away, we get a sense of what are the topical domains that are most popular on Wikipedia."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我继续前进并选择政府。", "en": ["I'm going to go ahead and select government."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在，通过选定后的政府， 我可以看到在维基百科类别中 最常对应的 是时代周刊年度风云人物", "en": ["Now, having selected government, I can now see that the Wikipedia categories that most frequently correspond to that are Time magazine People of the Year."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是很重要的 因为这是一项 不属于任何一个维基网页所载述的内容。", "en": ["So this is really important because this is an insight that was not contained within any one Wikipedia page."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "只有你退后几步俯瞰全局 才有可能看的透彻", "en": ["It's only possible to see that insight when you step back and look at all of them."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "看看这些特殊摘要中的一种， 随后我能深入 时代杂志年度风云人物 深入他们。", "en": ["Looking at one of these particular summaries, I can then drill into the concept of Time magazine Person of the Year, bringing up all of them."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，看看这些人 我可以看到大多数来自政府。 有一部分来自自然科学界。 更少的部分来自商界。 其中有我的老板。 一个来自音乐界。", "en": ["So looking at these people, I can see that the majority come from government; some have come from natural sciences; some, fewer still, have come from business -- there's my boss -- and one has come from music."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而有趣的是， 波诺也是TED大奖得主。", "en": ["And interestingly enough, Bono is also a TED Prize winner."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此我们能够继续，跳转，看看所有的TED大奖得主。", "en": ["So we can go, jump, and take a look at all the TED Prize winners."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以你看，这是我们第一次在网络上遨游 仿佛的确是一张网，不仅一页一页的。 而且是在更高的抽象层次上的网。", "en": ["So you see, we're navigating the web for the first time as if it's actually a web, not from page-to-page, but at a higher level of abstraction."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以我想告诉你另一件事 可能会让你吃惊。", "en": ["And so I want to show you one other thing that may catch you a little bit by surprise."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我只是在这展示纽约时报网站。", "en": ["I'm just showing the New York Times website here."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "Pivot，这个应用程序—— 我不想称之为浏览器，它确实不仅是一个浏览器， 你能用它浏览网页—— 并且我们给每个像这样的网页引入了可缩放技术。 并且我们给每个像这样的网页引入了可缩放技术。", "en": ["So Pivot, this application -- I don't want to call it a browser; it's really not a browser, but you can view web pages with it -- and we bring that zoomable technology to every single web page like this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此我可以退后， 退后到特定的地方", "en": ["So I can step back, pop right back into a specific section."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "为什么这个是重要的是因为， 由于通过这种方式浏览网页的好处， 我能用完全相同的方式 看到我的全部浏览历史。", "en": ["Now the reason why this is important is because, by virtue of just viewing web pages in this way, I can look at my entire browsing history in the exact same way."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此我能深入 具体时间段的具体事件。", "en": ["So I can drill into what I've done over specific time frames."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这里，事实上， 是我刚才所有演示的情况。", "en": ["Here, in fact, is the state of all the demo that I just gave."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我可以在某种程度上重放我今天早些时候看到的东西。", "en": ["And I can sort of replay some stuff that I was looking at earlier today."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果我想退后一步看所一切东西， 我可以切割我的历史 也许是我的搜索历史。 这里，我做了一些相关搜索， 搜寻Bing，在这里有关微软Live Labs的Pivot。", "en": ["And, if I want to step back and look at everything, I can slice and dice my history, perhaps by my search history -- here, I was doing some nepotistic searching, looking for Bing, over here for Live Labs Pivot."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "从这些，我可以深入网页 仅仅重启他们。", "en": ["And from these, I can drill into the web page and just launch them again."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是同样的信息，因不同目的被多次组合使用， 每次重新组合，使得它比组合起来的整体所含信息更多。 每次重新组合，使得它比组合起来的整体所含信息更多。", "en": ["It's one metaphor repurposed multiple times, and in each case it makes the whole greater than the sum of the parts with the data."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在，在这个世界上， 我们谈到数据常常提到这个诅咒。", "en": ["So right now, in this world, we think about data as being this curse."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们谈论信息爆炸魔咒。", "en": ["We talk about the curse of information overload."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们谈论淹没在信息海洋中。", "en": ["We talk about drowning in data."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "假设我们能把这种观念颠覆 把网络上下颠覆， 相对于单线信息相互链接的情况， 让我们开始习惯多样信息链接多样信息， 然后看到除此方式外无法看到的，隐藏规律？ 然后看到除此方式外无法看到的，隐藏规律？", "en": ["What if we can actually turn that upside down and turn the web upside down, so that instead of navigating from one thing to the next, we get used to the habit of being able to go from many things to many things, and then being able to see the patterns that were otherwise hidden?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果我们能做到这一点，而不是被困在数据中， 我们才能真正的获取信息。", "en": ["If we can do that, then instead of being trapped in data, we might actually extract information."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "并且，不仅仅是处理信息， 我们还可以梳理知识。", "en": ["And, instead of dealing just with information, we can tease out knowledge."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果我们获得知识，之后甚至可以发现智慧。", "en": ["And if we get the knowledge, then maybe even there's wisdom to be found."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢。", "en": ["So with that, I thank you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "最近大家都在谈论着快乐。", "en": ["Everybody talks about happiness these days."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在过去的五年里，我请人数了近年来有多本书的 书名中提到“快乐”， 他们数到大约有40本，而且还有更多没数到的。", "en": ["I had somebody count the number of books with \"happiness\" in the title published in the last five years and they gave up after about 40, and there were many more."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现今越来越多研究者都开始对快乐 这个议题产生兴趣。", "en": ["There is a huge wave of interest in happiness, among researchers."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而且还有很多的“快乐教练”授课。", "en": ["There is a lot of happiness coaching."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "让其他人更快乐是他们的宗旨。", "en": ["Everybody would like to make people happier."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "虽然此类工作多如牛毛， 但现仍存在几个认知上的陷阱， 这些陷阱将会增加使人领悟 快乐本质的难度。", "en": ["But in spite of all this flood of work, there are several cognitive traps that sort of make it almost impossible to think straight about happiness."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我今天将主要谈论这些认知陷阱。", "en": ["And my talk today will be mostly about these cognitive traps."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这些陷阱既会影响到一般人对自身快乐的观感， 而且也会影响到学者对快乐的判断， 因为人无完人，我们皆会出错。", "en": ["This applies to laypeople thinking about their own happiness, and it applies to scholars thinking about happiness, because it turns out we're just as messed up as anybody else is."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "第一个陷阱是 不愿意去承认快乐的复杂性。", "en": ["The first of these traps is a reluctance to admit complexity."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "事实证明快乐这个词 已不再是常用词汇了， 因为我们已用其来诠释太多的事物了。", "en": ["It turns out that the word \"happiness\" is just not a useful word anymore, because we apply it to too many different things."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想我们应该限定它的意思， 不过，一般而言， 我们得放弃这个想法 并用更复杂的观点来看 何谓快乐生活。", "en": ["I think there is one particular meaning to which we might restrict it, but by and large, this is something that we'll have to give up and we'll have to adopt the more complicated view of what well-being is."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "第二个陷阱是经验和记忆间的混淆： 基本上这是在生活中体会快乐 和觉得生活很快乐 以及对于你的生活满意之间的差别。", "en": ["The second trap is a confusion between experience and memory; basically, it's between being happy in your life, and being happy about your life or happy with your life."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这两者的意义相距甚远， 且在论及快乐时会混为一谈。", "en": ["And those are two very different concepts, and they're both lumped in the notion of happiness."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "第三个陷阱则是聚焦错觉， 令人遗憾的是，任何情况下，当我们想到一些 关于快乐生活的情景时， 我们势必会觉得它特别重要。", "en": ["And the third is the focusing illusion, and it's the unfortunate fact that we can't think about any circumstance that affects well-being without distorting its importance."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我的意思是，这是一个真正的认知陷阱。", "en": ["I mean, this is a real cognitive trap."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它避无可避。", "en": ["There's just no way of getting it right."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在，我想以一个例子来开头， 有个人上过我的课后 于答问之时向我讲述了一则故事。 [不清...] 他说他有次在听交响乐时 觉得音乐真是动听极了， 但在演奏快结束之时， 却冒出了尖锐刺耳的声音。", "en": ["Now, I'd like to start with an example of somebody who had a question-and-answer session after one of my lectures reported a story, and that was a story -- He said he'd been listening to a symphony, and it was absolutely glorious music and at the very end of the recording, there was a dreadful screeching sound."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "接着他激动地表示 这就是一只老鼠坏了一锅粥。", "en": ["And then he added, really quite emotionally, it ruined the whole experience."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但事实并非如此。", "en": ["But it hadn't."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所发生的糟糕印象仅仅是对这段经验的记忆。", "en": ["What it had ruined were the memories of the experience."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他经历了这段经验。", "en": ["He had had the experience."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他也经历了20分钟的听觉盛会。", "en": ["He had had 20 minutes of glorious music."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但现在都已无足轻重了， 因为他仅留下一段记忆； 就是那段糟糕的记忆， 而其它20分钟的盛会则被完全遗忘了。", "en": ["They counted for nothing because he was left with a memory; the memory was ruined, and the memory was all that he had gotten to keep."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这告诉我们， 我们在思考自己和别人时， 用了两种自我。", "en": ["What this is telling us, really, is that we might be thinking of ourselves and of other people in terms of two selves."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "第一种则为经验自我， 这种自我活在当下， 洞察当下， 同时也能回味过往， 但基本上他只属于当下。", "en": ["There is an experiencing self, who lives in the present and knows the present, is capable of re-living the past, but basically it has only the present."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "一般医生接触的皆是经验自我-- 正如，当医生问你， “我碰你这里时会疼么？”", "en": ["It's the experiencing self that the doctor approaches -- you know, when the doctor asks, \"Does it hurt now when I touch you here?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "另一个自我则是记忆自我， 他负责记录生活， 抒写生活故事， 医生要找他时 会这么问， “最近感觉如何？”", "en": ["And then there is a remembering self, and the remembering self is the one that keeps score, and maintains the story of our life, and it's the one that the doctor approaches in asking the question, \"How have you been feeling lately?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "或“去阿尔巴尼亚好玩么？”等类似的问题。", "en": ["or \"How was your trip to Albania?\" or something like that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "经验自我和记忆自我 是截然不同的， 两者的混淆是导致我们不懂快乐的 部分原因。", "en": ["Those are two very different entities, the experiencing self and the remembering self, and getting confused between them is part of the mess about the notion of happiness."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "记忆自我 负责讲述故事。", "en": ["Now, the remembering self is a storyteller."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "故事从记忆中直接撷取-- 即时上传。", "en": ["And that really starts with a basic response of our memories -- it starts immediately."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "并不是我们在讲我们要讲的故事。", "en": ["We don't only tell stories when we set out to tell stories."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "是我们的记忆在讲故事， 它是我们从经验中储存下来的 故事。", "en": ["Our memory tells us stories, that is, what we get to keep from our experiences is a story."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "让我用一个例子开始。", "en": ["And let me begin with one example."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是一个古老的研究。", "en": ["This is an old study."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "一些真正的病人将会接受一种痛苦的治疗方法。", "en": ["Those are actual patients undergoing a painful procedure."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "细节不再详述。现今的疗法已不再如此难受， 但在研究进行的九十年代时，这种方法令人痛不欲生。", "en": ["I won't go into detail. It's no longer painful these days, but it was painful when this study was run in the 1990s."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "病人每隔六十秒则必须报告他们的痛苦指数。", "en": ["They were asked to report on their pain every 60 seconds."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这边有两位病患。 这是他们的记录。", "en": ["Here are two patients, those are their recordings."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我问你：“在他们之中谁最痛苦？”", "en": ["And you are asked, \"Who of them suffered more?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个问题很简单。", "en": ["And it's a very easy question."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "显然，是病人B。 他的结肠镜检查时间较长， 病人A每分钟感觉的痛疼 病人B也感觉到了，而且持续更久。", "en": ["Clearly, Patient B suffered more -- his colonoscopy was longer, and every minute of pain that Patient A had, Patient B had, and more."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但现在还有另一个问题： 这些患者认为他们受罪了吗？", "en": ["But now there is another question: \"How much did these patients think they suffered?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这里有个小意外：", "en": ["And here is a surprise."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "令人惊讶的是病人A 对结肠镜检查的记忆比病人B 还糟糕。", "en": ["The surprise is that Patient A had a much worse memory of the colonoscopy than Patient B."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "两段结肠镜检查的故事不同， 这关键在于故事的结尾--", "en": ["The stories of the colonoscopies were different, and because a very critical part of the story is how it ends."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "两个故事都不怎么启迪智慧-- 但两者显然是不同的... 显然其中之一的感受比另一个还差。", "en": ["And neither of these stories is very inspiring or great -- but one of them is this distinct ... but one of them is distinctly worse than the other."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "感觉较糟的这一个 是在最后的时期里知晓什么是痛绝人寰。 这不是个好故事。", "en": ["And the one that is worse is the one where pain was at its peak at the very end; it's a bad story."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们是怎么知道的？", "en": ["How do we know that?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为我们在检查结束后问他们， 以及在很久之后再问一次他们， “你们对结肠镜检查的整体印象如何？”", "en": ["Because we asked these people after their colonoscopy, and much later, too, \"How bad was the whole thing, in total?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "结果是A的记忆感觉明显要比B更糟糕。", "en": ["And it was much worse for A than for B, in memory."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在这是经验自我和记忆自我", "en": ["Now this is a direct conflict between the experiencing self and the remembering self."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "之间的直接冲突。 从经验自我的角度来看， 病人B显然是比较难受的。", "en": ["From the point of view of the experiencing self, clearly, B had a worse time."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那么病人A的情况该如何解释， 我们实际做了一个临床试验， 当实验完成时，我们也得到了预期的结果， 事实上我们可以延长病人A的检查时间 从而减缓导管的震动程度。", "en": ["Now, what you could do with Patient A, and we actually ran clinical experiments, and it has been done, and it does work -- you could actually extend the colonoscopy of Patient A by just keeping the tube in without jiggling it too much."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "虽然病人还是会疼， 但已减轻 许多了。", "en": ["That will cause the patient to suffer, but just a little and much less than before."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "假如继续这样下去， 你将会使病人A的经验自我的 感觉更糟， 但病人A的记忆自我 则会感觉好多了， 因为你给了病人A 一个好一点的故事， 一个好一点记忆他病痛经历的故事。", "en": ["And if you do that for a couple of minutes, you have made the experiencing self of Patient A worse off, and you have the remembering self of Patient A a lot better off, because now you have endowed Patient A with a better story about his experience."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "怎样给故事定义好坏？", "en": ["What defines a story?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "并且记忆告诉我们的故事 是真实的， 我们讲述的故事也是真的。", "en": ["And that is true of the stories that memory delivers for us, and it's also true of the stories that we make up."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "故事的好坏取决于高潮时分 及结尾时刻。", "en": ["What defines a story are changes, significant moments and endings."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "结尾是非常重要的， 上面的这个故事就是由结尾所主导的。", "en": ["Endings are very, very important and, in this case, the ending dominated."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在，经验自我 延续这个生活经验。", "en": ["Now, the experiencing self lives its life continuously."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他也拥有片刻的经验，一个接一个。", "en": ["It has moments of experience, one after the other."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你会问：“这些片刻怎么了？”", "en": ["And you can ask: What happens to these moments?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "答案很简单。 他们永远消失了。", "en": ["And the answer is really straightforward: They are lost forever."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们生活中的大多片刻-- 我算了算--从心理学角度来说 仅仅只是三秒长。 这意味着 人一生中大约有六亿个片刻。 一个月里则大约有六十万个片刻。 它们大多不留痕迹。", "en": ["I mean, most of the moments of our life -- and I calculated, you know, the psychological present is said to be about three seconds long; that means that, you know, in a life there are about 600 million of them; in a month, there are about 600,000 -- most of them don't leave a trace."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "大多数皆被记忆自我 全然忽视了。", "en": ["Most of them are completely ignored by the remembering self."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然而，你现在亦应发现 一些感觉被储存， 因为我们经验中的每分每秒合在一起 就构成了我们的人生。", "en": ["And yet, somehow you get the sense that they should count, that what happens during these moments of experience is our life."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "只要我们活着， 我们就会消耗这些有限的资源。 该如何使用它们， 似乎是很重要的， 但这不是记忆自我 所留给我们的故事。", "en": ["It's the finite resource that we're spending And how to spend it would seem to be relevant, but that is not the story that the remembering self keeps for us."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此记忆自我 和经验自我 是很好区别的。", "en": ["So we have the remembering self and the experiencing self, and they're really quite distinct."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们之间的最大不同 是在于处理时间的方式。", "en": ["The biggest difference between them is in the handling of time."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "就经验自我而言， 如果你有一个假期， 第二周和第一周同等快乐， 那么两周下来 快乐的分量是一周假期的两倍多。", "en": ["From the point of view of the experiencing self, if you have a vacation, and the second week is just as good as the first, then the two-week vacation is twice as good as the one-week vacation."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然而记忆自我则不是这样算的。", "en": ["That's not the way it works at all for the remembering self."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对记忆自我来说，两周假期 并不比一周假期多多少， 因为期间没有任何新记忆的加入。", "en": ["For the remembering self, a two-week vacation is barely better than the one-week vacation because there are no new memories added."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "故事的剧情依然如旧。", "en": ["You have not changed the story."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此 时间是区分 记忆自我和经验自我的 关键因素。 时间对这个故事的影响不大。", "en": ["And in this way, time is actually the critical variable that distinguishes a remembering self from an experiencing self; time has very little impact on the story."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "记忆自我所做的 不仅是记忆和讲述故事。", "en": ["Now, the remembering self does more than remember and tell stories."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "它也是真正做决定的因素， 因为，假若你的病人已经历 过两位不同的外科医生来做胃肠镜检查， 而现在决定从他们中选一位来再做检查时， 病人选的将会是 记忆中感觉比较好的那位， 这就是如何选定医生的。", "en": ["It is actually the one that makes decisions because, if you have a patient who has had, say, two colonoscopies with two different surgeons and is deciding which of them to choose, then the one that chooses is the one that has the memory that is less bad, and that's the surgeon that will be chosen."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "经验自我 在做选择是则无从置喙。", "en": ["The experiencing self has no voice in this choice."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "事实上，我们不会在两段经验中做选择。 我们是在两种不同经验的记忆中做出选择。", "en": ["We actually don't choose between experiences, we choose between memories of experiences."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而且当我们设想未来时， 一般我们不会以经验的形式去思考。", "en": ["And even when we think about the future, we don't think of our future normally as experiences."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们把未来 以预想的记忆形式呈现。", "en": ["We think of our future as anticipated memories."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "大体上你可以看到， 记忆自我是专制的， 你可以想象记忆自我 在拽着经验自我， 他是通过经验自我不要的经验 来拽着经验自我的。", "en": ["And basically you can look at this, you know, as a tyranny of the remembering self, and you can think of the remembering self sort of dragging the experiencing self through experiences that the experiencing self doesn't need."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我有个想法， 当我们放假时 往往 之所以放假， 有很大一部分 是为了记忆自我。", "en": ["I have that sense that when we go on vacations this is very frequently the case; that is, we go on vacations, to a very large extent, in the service of our remembering self."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想这有点难来辩证。", "en": ["And this is a bit hard to justify I think."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们使用了多少的记忆？", "en": ["I mean, how much do we consume our memories?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这可以解释 记忆自我 为何能成为主导的自我。", "en": ["That is one of the explanations that is given for the dominance of the remembering self."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这让我想起一次假期， 几年前在南极度过的假期， 这可以说是我最棒的一个假期， 与其它假期相比， 我常常会想起这个假期。", "en": ["And when I think about that, I think about a vacation we had in Antarctica a few years ago, which was clearly the best vacation I've ever had, and I think of it relatively often, relative to how much I think of other vacations."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这趟旅程大概让我用掉了 三周的记忆量， 大概仅在过去四年中占了约25分钟。", "en": ["And I probably have consumed my memories of that three-week trip, I would say, for about 25 minutes in the last four years."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在，如我打开资料夹 里面大概有600张相片， 我可能要花一个小时来回忆。", "en": ["Now, if I had ever opened the folder with the 600 pictures in it, I would have spent another hour."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "三周的旅程 最多只用一个半小时来回忆。", "en": ["Now, that is three weeks, and that is at most an hour and a half."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这似乎不成比例啊。", "en": ["There seems to be a discrepancy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这让我有点不满， 因为我记得真是太少了， 不过就算你记得再多 这里也会有个实际的问题。 为什么我们用来记忆 比依赖经验还多？", "en": ["Now, I may be a bit extreme, you know, in how little appetite I have for consuming memories, but even if you do more of this, there is a genuine question: Why do we put so much weight on memory relative to the weight that we put on experiences?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以我希望你能思考 一个有关思考的实验。", "en": ["So I want you to think about a thought experiment."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "假使你的下一个假期， 当你知道假期结束后 假期中所有的相片将被销毁时， 而你也会吞下一颗遗忘药 以使你遗忘一切。", "en": ["Imagine that for your next vacation, you know that at the end of the vacation all your pictures will be destroyed, and you'll get an amnesic drug so that you won't remember anything."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这样，你还会想过同样的假期么？ 如果你选了个不同的假期， 你的两个自我之间将会产生冲突， 你得想法来裁决这场冲突， 这并不怎么容易， 因为假若你仅考虑时间 你会得到一个答案。 但若仅考虑记忆 你会得到另外一个答案。", "en": ["Now, would you choose the same vacation? And if you would choose a different vacation, there is a conflict between your two selves, and you need to think about how to adjudicate that conflict, and it's actually not at all obvious, because if you think in terms of time, then you get one answer, and if you think in terms of memories, you might get another answer."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们为什么要选此而非彼， 这个困扰我们的问题 是需要在两个自我之间作出选择。", "en": ["Why do we pick the vacations we do is a problem that confronts us with a choice between the two selves."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在，两个自我 带来对快乐的两种不同见解。", "en": ["Now, the two selves bring up two notions of happiness."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这两种对快乐的见解 分别对应了两个自我。", "en": ["There are really two concepts of happiness that we can apply, one per self."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此你会问：“经验自我是有多快乐？”", "en": ["So you can ask: How happy is the experiencing self?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "接着你会问：“经验自我的每一刻 有多快乐？”", "en": ["And then you would ask: How happy are the moments in the experiencing self's life?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这些快乐时刻的组成过程 是异常复杂的。", "en": ["And they're all -- happiness for moments is a fairly complicated process."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "情感该如何测量？", "en": ["What are the emotions that can be measured?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "顺带一提，我们现在 对于经验自我会随着时间而感受快乐 已经有了一个粗浅的概念了。", "en": ["And, by the way, now we are capable of the happiness of the experiencing self over time."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而记忆自我所指的快乐 则是完全两码事。", "en": ["If you ask for the happiness of the remembering self, it's a completely different thing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这并不是一个人生活多快乐的问题。", "en": ["This is not about how happily a person lives."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而是它对自己的人生 有多满意和多喜欢的问题。", "en": ["It is about how satisfied or pleased the person is when that person thinks about her life."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "迥然不同的见解。", "en": ["Very different notion."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "若不能分辨这两种见解 就无法参透快乐这门学问， 我和其他活得好的学生一样， 一直以来都研究不透快乐， 就是因为这个原因。", "en": ["Anyone who doesn't distinguish those notions is going to mess up the study of happiness, and I belong to a crowd of students of well-being, who've been messing up the study of happiness for a long time in precisely this way."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "近年来， 经验自我的快乐 和记忆自我的满足的 差异性已能分清， 目前正努力来分别测度两者，", "en": ["The distinction between the happiness of the experiencing self and the satisfaction of the remembering self has been recognized in recent years, and there are now efforts to measure the two separately."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "盖洛普公司最近在全世界举行了一场民意调查， 其中逾五十万人 都被问及一个类似的问题， 那就是他们如何看待他们的生活 和如何看待他们的经验。 除了这个问题，这个公司还做了其它的调查。", "en": ["The Gallup Organization has a world poll where more than half a million people have been asked questions about what they think of their life and about their experiences, and there have been other efforts along those lines."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "近年来，我们逐渐得知 关于两种快乐见解的信息。", "en": ["So in recent years, we have begun to learn about the happiness of the two selves."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我认为我们主要学到的便是 两者是天壤之别的。", "en": ["And the main lesson I think that we have learned is they are really different."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "虽然你可以得知一个人对生活是否满意， 但却无法告诉你 他们平常活的有多快乐， 而反之亦然。", "en": ["You can know how satisfied somebody is with their life, and that really doesn't teach you much about how happily they're living their life, and vice versa."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "只是为了让你对其中的关联性有个基本概念， 它们之间大概只有50%关联。", "en": ["Just to give you a sense of the correlation, the correlation is about .5."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "意思是当你见到某个人时， 你被告知他的爸爸有六尺高， 你能知道这个人有多高么？", "en": ["What that means is if you met somebody, and you were told, \"Oh his father is six feet tall,\" how much would you know about his height?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "好吧，你可能有个基本概念， 但非常不确定。", "en": ["Well, you would know something about his height, but there's a lot of uncertainty."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你无法下判定。", "en": ["You have that much uncertainty."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "若我说有人给自己的生活质量打分，他打8/10分， 你也不能把握 他们的经验自我 有多么快乐。", "en": ["If I tell you that somebody ranked their life eight on a scale of ten, you have a lot of uncertainty about how happy they are with their experiencing self."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以关联性很低。", "en": ["So the correlation is low."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们知道什么能够 让人的快乐得到满足。", "en": ["We know something about what controls satisfaction of the happiness self."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们知道钱是很重要的， 目标也非常重要。", "en": ["We know that money is very important, goals are very important."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们知道要快乐是需要通过 我们所喜爱的人来满足， 是需要花时间和他们待在一起来满足。", "en": ["We know that happiness is mainly being satisfied with people that we like, spending time with people that we like."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "虽然还有其它因素，但这是主要因素。", "en": ["There are other pleasures, but this is dominant."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以假若你想让两个自我都快乐， 你必须抛弃旧习 且要做些与众不同的事。", "en": ["So if you want to maximize the happiness of the two selves, you are going to end up doing very different things."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我说的是，我们至少 不应把快乐当成活得好的 代名词。", "en": ["The bottom line of what I've said here is that we really should not think of happiness as a substitute for well-being."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这两者是天壤之别的。", "en": ["It is a completely different notion."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在，很快地讨论下 另一个我们不能理解快乐本质的原因， 那就是我们怎么看生活 和我们怎么过生活是不一样的。", "en": ["Now, very quickly, another reason we cannot think straight about happiness is that we do not attend to the same things when we think about life, and we actually live."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，当你问加州的人有多快乐时， 你将无法得到正确答案。", "en": ["So, if you ask the simple question of how happy people are in California, you are not going to get to the correct answer."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为当你这样问时， 你认为加州人一定过得比较快乐， 而你则住在俄亥俄州。", "en": ["When you ask that question, you think people must be happier in California if, say, you live in Ohio."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当你在想 住在加州有多快乐时， 你会想到加州和其他州域 之间的差异性， 譬如，气候。", "en": ["And what happens is when you think about living in California, you are thinking of the contrast between California and other places, and that contrast, say, is in climate."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "事实证明气候条件 对于经验自我并非很重要 而且对于思考自我 衡量自己有多快乐也不太重要。", "en": ["Well, it turns out that climate is not very important to the experiencing self and it's not even very important to the reflective self that decides how happy people are."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不过，既然现实由思考自我主导， 一些人可能会得到这样一种结论， 那就是搬到加州。", "en": ["But now, because the reflective self is in charge, you may end up -- some people may end up moving to California."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们搬去加州是为了过上更快乐的生活， 是而追踪观看他们的后续发展，将会是一件相当有趣的事。", "en": ["And it's sort of interesting to trace what is going to happen to people who move to California in the hope of getting happier."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们的经验自我 是不会变得更快乐。", "en": ["Well, their experiencing self is not going to get happier."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这我们都知道。", "en": ["We know that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不过当一件事发生后，他们会觉得自己快乐多了。 因为在他们思考时， 他们会回想起俄亥俄州的坏天气。 他们也因此觉得他们做出了正确的决定。", "en": ["But one thing will happen: They will think they are happier, because, when they think about it, they'll be reminded of how horrible the weather was in Ohio, and they will feel they made the right decision."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "要理解快乐生活 实在很难， 我希望我已经让你们对此有个基本概念， 并且明白这个过程到底有多难。", "en": ["to think straight about well-being, and I hope I have given you a sense of how difficult it is."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢。", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "克里斯·安德森：谢谢您的演讲。我有个问题想请教您。", "en": ["Chris Anderson: Thank you. I've got a question for you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "非常感谢您的演说。", "en": ["Thank you so much."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "几星期前，我们有过一次电话通讯， 当时您提到您从盖洛普的调查中 发现了一个有趣的现象。", "en": ["Now, when we were on the phone a few weeks ago, you mentioned to me that there was quite an interesting result came out of that Gallup survey."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "请问您可以跟我们分享一下吗？ 我们还有几分钟的时间。", "en": ["Is that something you can share since you do have a few moments left now?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "丹尼尔·卡纳曼：没问题。", "en": ["Daniel Kahneman: Sure."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我从盖洛普调查中发现了一个极有趣的数字， 能发现它实属意外。", "en": ["I think the most interesting result that we found in the Gallup survey is a number, which we absolutely did not expect to find."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们发现一个关于 经验自我的快乐的现象。", "en": ["We found that with respect to the happiness of the experiencing self."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那就是人的感觉 会随收入的多少而变化。", "en": ["When we looked at how feelings, vary with income."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "结果表明，对于年收入低于六万美元的 美国人而言， 这占了样本中的很大一部分， 将近有六十万人，这些人是相当具有指标性的， 这些年收入低于六十万美元......", "en": ["And it turns out that, below an income of 60,000 dollars a year, for Americans -- and that's a very large sample of Americans, like 600,000, so it's a large representative sample -- below an income of 600,000 dollars a year..."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "安德森：是六万美元。", "en": ["CA: 60,000."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "卡纳曼：六万美元。", "en": ["DK: 60,000."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "年收入六万美元的人是不快乐的， 而且收入越低，他们则逾不快乐。", "en": ["60,000 dollars a year, people are unhappy, and they get progressively unhappier the poorer they get."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而当收入逾六万时，我们则得到一条标准水平线。", "en": ["Above that, we get an absolutely flat line."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "难得看到这么平坦的线。", "en": ["I mean I've rarely seen lines so flat."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "显然 金钱是无法买到经验自我的快乐， 但没钱却的确能给你带来悲郁的境况， 而且我们清楚地测到痛苦的程度， 非常清楚。", "en": ["Clearly, what is happening is money does not buy you experiential happiness, but lack of money certainly buys you misery, and we can measure that misery very, very clearly."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对于另一个自我，记忆自我而言。 你则有了一个大相迳庭的故事。", "en": ["In terms of the other self, the remembering self, you get a different story."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你赚的越多，你就越满意。", "en": ["The more money you earn, the more satisfied you are."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这跟情感没有任何关联。", "en": ["That does not hold for emotions."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "安德森：可是丹尼，生命、自由和追求快乐 是所有美国人奋斗的目标。", "en": ["CA: But Danny, the whole American endeavor is about life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "假若大家都认真对待这一发现， 那么，这将颠覆我们 固有的观念，例如， 课税政策等。", "en": ["If people took seriously that finding, I mean, it seems to turn upside down everything we believe about, like for example, taxation policy and so forth."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个国家的政治人物有没有可能 会正视这样的发现 并且依次施政？", "en": ["Is there any chance that politicians, that the country generally, would take a finding like that seriously and run public policy based on it?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "卡纳曼：我认为已有人认知到研究快乐 于谋划政策中的地位。", "en": ["DK: You know I think that there is recognition of the role of happiness research in public policy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但这项认知于美国的传播速度颇慢， 这是毋庸置疑的， 但在英国，它正持续发酵， 其他国家亦然。", "en": ["The recognition is going to be slow in the United States, no question about that, but in the U.K., it is happening, and in other countries it is happening."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "一般人也开始认知到 在谋划政策时 亦应将快乐纳入考量指标。", "en": ["People are recognizing that they ought to be thinking of happiness when they think of public policy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "虽然这将花些时间， 但人们也将开始思考。 他们要的是经验的快乐 抑或是为生活打分， 因此很快，我们将要理解这个问题。", "en": ["It's going to take a while, and people are going to debate whether they want to study experience happiness, or whether they want to study life evaluation, so we need to have that debate fairly soon."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如何增进快乐， 有好几种方式，但事关你是怎么想的， 你想的是记忆自我 还是在想经验自我。", "en": ["How to enhance happiness goes very different ways depending on how you think, and whether you think of the remembering self or you think of the experiencing self."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想于几年之内，这将影响政策的实施。", "en": ["This is going to influence policy, I think, in years to come."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "美国已经付出巨大的努力来衡量 大众的经验的快乐。", "en": ["In the United States, efforts are being made to measure the experience happiness of the population."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想在十年或二十年内， 这将会成为国家统计数据的一部分。", "en": ["This is going to be, I think, within the next decade or two, part of national statistics."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "安德森：这个议题对于我来说 将会是未来几年里 最有的一个政策讨论议题。", "en": ["CA: Well, it seems to me that this issue will -- or at least should be -- the most interesting policy discussion to track over the next few years."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "非常感谢您所创造的行为经济学。", "en": ["Thank you so much for inventing behavioral economics."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "非常感谢丹尼尔·卡纳曼。", "en": ["Thank you, Danny Kahneman."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我今天要谈的是能源与气候，这可能有点出人意料", "en": ["I'm going to talk today about energy and climate."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我今天要谈的是能源与气候，这可能有点出人意料 毕竟我在基金会的全职工作主要是关于疾病疫苗和农业种苗的 那些的确是需要我们发明传播，以改善世上最贫穷的二十亿人的生活的东西 那些的确是需要我们发明传播，以改善世上最贫穷的二十亿人的生活的东西", "en": ["And that might seem a bit surprising because my full-time work at the Foundation is mostly about vaccines and seeds, about the things that we need to invent and deliver to help the poorest two billion live better lives."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但事实上，能源和气候对这些人极为重要，事实上，比对地球上其他人更加重要 但事实上，能源和气候对这些人极为重要，事实上，比对地球上其他人更加重要", "en": ["But energy and climate are extremely important to these people -- in fact, more important than to anyone else on the planet."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "气候的持续恶化意味着他们的庄稼将多年无法生长，意味着洪涝或干旱 气候的持续恶化意味着他们的庄稼将多年无法生长，意味着洪涝或干旱 这些变化将令他们脆弱的环境无法承受 这些变化将令他们脆弱的环境无法承受", "en": ["The climate getting worse means that many years, their crops won't grow: There will be too much rain, not enough rain, things will change in ways that their fragile environment simply can't support."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这将导致饥荒，导致动荡，导致社会骚乱", "en": ["And that leads to starvation, it leads to uncertainty, it leads to unrest."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，气候变化将给他们带来严重后果，同时，能源价格也对他们至关重要", "en": ["So, the climate changes will be terrible for them."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，气候变化将给他们带来严重后果，同时，能源价格也对他们至关重要", "en": ["Also, the price of energy is very important to them."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "事实上，如果只能降低一样东西的价格以减少贫困，你一定会首选能源价格 事实上，如果只能降低一样东西的价格以减少贫困，你一定会首选能源价格", "en": ["In fact, if you could pick just one thing to lower the price of, to reduce poverty, by far you would pick energy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "能源价格随着人类历史进程逐渐下降，先进文明是建立在先进能源的基础上的", "en": ["Now, the price of energy has come down over time."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "能源价格随着人类历史进程逐渐下降，先进文明是建立在先进能源的基础上的", "en": ["Really advanced civilization is based on advances in energy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当年的煤炭革命推进了工业革命 早在二十世纪初,我们就迎来了电价的快速下跌,这就是我们能够享受冰箱空调的原因 早在二十世纪初,我们就迎来了电价的快速下跌,这就是我们能够享受冰箱空调的原因 我们由此可以拥有各种现代化的事物，能够做各种事情", "en": ["The coal revolution fueled the Industrial Revolution, and, even in the 1900s we've seen a very rapid decline in the price of electricity, and that's why we have refrigerators, air-conditioning, we can make modern materials and do so many things."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "得益于电力，我们能在一个富裕的世界里过着美妙的生活", "en": ["And so, we're in a wonderful situation with electricity in the rich world."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是，当我们进一步降低电价的时候，比如再使其便宜两倍 我们就有了一个新的限制，这个限制与二氧化碳有关 我们就有了一个新的限制，这个限制与二氧化碳有关", "en": ["But, as we make it cheaper -- and let's go for making it twice as cheap -- we need to meet a new constraint, and that constraint has to do with CO2."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "二氧化碳正在使全球变暖，而计算二氧化碳排放的公式其实非常简单明了 二氧化碳正在使全球变暖，而计算二氧化碳排放的公式其实非常简单明了", "en": ["CO2 is warming the planet, and the equation on CO2 is actually a very straightforward one."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当前二氧化碳巨大的排放量将导致温度上升 当前二氧化碳巨大的排放量将导致温度上升 温度的升高将引起一系列非常严重的后果 比如对天气的直接影响，或对生态系统的间接影响，生态系统无法应对剧烈变化的结果就是生态系统的全面崩溃 比如对天气的直接影响，或对生态系统的间接影响，生态系统无法应对剧烈变化的结果就是生态系统的全面崩溃 比如对天气的直接影响，或对生态系统的间接影响，生态系统无法应对剧烈变化的结果就是生态系统的全面崩溃", "en": ["If you sum up the CO2 that gets emitted, that leads to a temperature increase, and that temperature increase leads to some very negative effects: the effects on the weather; perhaps worse, the indirect effects, in that the natural ecosystems can't adjust to these rapid changes, and so you get ecosystem collapses."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "二氧化碳排放增加和温度升高究竟成怎样的关系，两者间的正反馈效应为何？ 二氧化碳排放增加和温度升高究竟成怎样的关系，两者间的正反馈效应为何？ 二氧化碳排放增加和温度升高究竟成怎样的关系，两者间的正反馈效应为何？ 这中间有一些不确定因素，但不多", "en": ["Now, the exact amount of how you map from a certain increase of CO2 to what temperature will be and where the positive feedbacks are, there's some uncertainty there, but not very much."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "至于全球变暖的具体负面影响有多严重，这无法完全确定，但肯定极其严重 至于全球变暖的具体负面影响有多严重，这无法完全确定，但肯定极其严重", "en": ["And there's certainly uncertainty about how bad those effects will be, but they will be extremely bad."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我为此多次请教过顶尖的科学家们：我们真的一定要将二氧化碳排放降到零吗？ 我为此多次请教过顶尖的科学家们：我们真的一定要将二氧化碳排放降到零吗？", "en": ["I asked the top scientists on this several times: Do we really have to get down to near zero?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "减少到一半或四分之一不行吗？", "en": ["Can't we just cut it in half or a quarter?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们的回答是，除非我们降到零，否则气温将持续上升，那将是一个巨大的挑战 他们的回答是，除非我们降到零，否则气温将持续上升，那将是一个巨大的挑战", "en": ["And the answer is that until we get near to zero, the temperature will continue to rise."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们的回答是，除非我们降到零，否则气温将持续上升，那将是一个巨大的挑战", "en": ["And so that's a big challenge."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这不同于让一辆12英尺高的卡车通过限高10英尺的桥，只要想办法挤过去即可 这不同于让一辆12英尺高的卡车通过限高10英尺的桥，只要想办法挤过去即可", "en": ["It's very different than saying \"We're a twelve-foot-high truck trying to get under a ten-foot bridge, and we can just sort of squeeze under.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "二氧化碳的排放是要彻底降到零为止", "en": ["This is something that has to get to zero."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当前我们每年都排放大量的二氧化碳，总量超过260亿吨 当前我们每年都排放大量的二氧化碳，总量超过260亿吨", "en": ["Now, we put out a lot of carbon dioxide every year, over 26 billion tons."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "美国人约排放量约20吨，贫穷国家人均不到一吨，全球人均排放量约为5吨 美国人约排放量约20吨，贫穷国家人均不到一吨，全球人均排放量约为5吨", "en": ["For each American, it's about 20 tons; for people in poor countries, it's less than one ton."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "美国人约排放量约20吨，贫穷国家人均不到一吨，全球人均排放量约为5吨", "en": ["It's an average of about five tons for everyone on the planet."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "无论如何，我们都要做出改变，直至把这个数字降到零 无论如何，我们都要做出改变，直至把这个数字降到零", "en": ["And, somehow, we have to make changes that will bring that down to zero."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个数字现在还在继续上升中，只有经济波动才稍稍抑制其上升的势头", "en": ["It's been constantly going up."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个数字现在还在继续上升中，只有经济波动才稍稍抑制其上升的势头 我们不但要扭转其迅速上升的势头，还要让它下降，并且一路降到零 我们不但要扭转其迅速上升的势头，还要让它下降，并且一路降到零", "en": ["It's only various economic changes that have even flattened it at all, so we have to go from rapidly rising to falling, and falling all the way to zero."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个二氧化碳的公式有四个因素，四者相乘 这个二氧化碳的公式有四个因素，四者相乘 等式左面是二氧化碳排放量，我们的目标是让它降到零 二氧化碳排放＝人口总数 X 人均使用的服务量 X 每单位服务平均耗用能源量 X 每单位能源的二氧化碳排放 二氧化碳排放＝人口总数 X 人均使用的服务量 X 每单位服务平均耗用能源量 X 每单位能源的二氧化碳排放 二氧化碳排放＝人口总数 X 人均使用的服务量 X 每单位服务平均耗用能源量 X 每单位能源的二氧化碳排放 二氧化碳排放＝人口总数 X 人均使用的服务量 X 每单位服务平均耗用能源量 X 每单位能源的二氧化碳排放", "en": ["This equation has four factors, a little bit of multiplication: So, you've got a thing on the left, CO2, that you want to get to zero, and that's going to be based on the number of people, the services each person's using on average, the energy on average for each service, and the CO2 being put out per unit of energy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "下面让我们逐个来看各个因子，看看怎样才能将等式最终降为零 下面让我们逐个来看各个因子，看看怎样才能将等式最终降为零", "en": ["So, let's look at each one of these and see how we can get this down to zero."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "显然，我们需要至少一个因子非常接近于零，这是简单的高中代数", "en": ["Probably, one of these numbers is going to have to get pretty near to zero."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "显然，我们需要至少一个因子非常接近于零，这是简单的高中代数 ♫ 我们来看一下，首先是人口", "en": ["Now that's back from high school algebra, but let's take a look."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们来看一下，首先是人口", "en": ["First, we've got population."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "目前世界上有68亿人，这将继续增长到约90亿人", "en": ["The world today has 6.8 billion people."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "目前世界上有68亿人，这将继续增长到约90亿人", "en": ["That's headed up to about nine billion."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果我们在新疫苗开发、医疗服务、生殖健康方面的工作做得卓有成效的话 如果我们在新疫苗开发、医疗服务、生殖健康方面的工作做得卓有成效的话 这个数字可能可以减少10％到15％，这样的话综合增长率约为1.3 这个数字可能可以减少10％到15％，这样的话综合增长率约为1.3", "en": ["Now, if we do a really great job on new vaccines, health care, reproductive health services, we could lower that by, perhaps, 10 or 15 percent, but there we see an increase of about 1.3."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "第二个因子是我们使用的服务", "en": ["The second factor is the services we use."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这包括所有东西：我们吃的食物，穿的衣服，电视，暖气，都是些非常美好的事物 这包括所有东西：我们吃的食物，穿的衣服，电视，暖气，都是些非常美好的事物", "en": ["This encompasses everything: the food we eat, clothing, TV, heating."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这包括所有东西：我们吃的食物，穿的衣服，电视，暖气，都是些非常美好的事物 摆脱贫穷就意味着向地球上每个人提供这些服务，这个因子进一步提高才是好事 摆脱贫穷就意味着向地球上每个人提供这些服务，这个因子进一步提高才是好事", "en": ["These are very good things: getting rid of poverty means providing these services to almost everyone on the planet."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "摆脱贫穷就意味着向地球上每个人提供这些服务，这个因子进一步提高才是好事", "en": ["And it's a great thing for this number to go up."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在发达国家里，最富裕的十亿人，或许可以控制消费，减少一些服务享受 在发达国家里，最富裕的十亿人，或许可以控制消费，减少一些服务享受 但总体而言，这个数字将会逐年上升，最终人均享受的服务，将翻一番还不止 但总体而言，这个数字将会逐年上升，最终人均享受的服务，将翻一番还不止 但总体而言，这个数字将会逐年上升，最终人均享受的服务，将翻一番还不止", "en": ["In the rich world, perhaps the top one billion, we probably could cut back and use less, but every year, this number, on average, is going to go up, and so, over all, that will more than double the services delivered per person."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在这一地区，我们享有的服务非常基础：你家里有没有写作业的照明灯光？ 在这一地区，我们享有的服务非常基础：你家里有没有写作业的照明灯光？", "en": ["Here we have a very basic service: Do you have lighting in your house to be able to read your homework?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这些孩子就没有，所以他们要到外面去，坐在路灯下面写作业 这些孩子就没有，所以他们要到外面去，坐在路灯下面写作业", "en": ["And, in fact, these kids don't, so they're going out and reading their school work under the street lamps."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "下面一个因素是效率，也就是每项服务所消耗的能源 在这一项上我们总算有了些好消息：这一因子不会持续上升", "en": ["Now, efficiency, E, the energy for each service, here finally we have some good news."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在这一项上我们总算有了些好消息：这一因子不会持续上升", "en": ["We have something that's not going up."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "通过各种发明和新的照明方法，通过新技术的汽车，新的建筑方式 通过各种发明和新的照明方法，通过新技术的汽车，新的建筑方式 我们可以将很多服务所消耗的能源大大降低，个别服务，甚至可以降低百分之九十 我们可以将很多服务所消耗的能源大大降低，个别服务，甚至可以降低百分之九十", "en": ["Through various inventions and new ways of doing lighting, through different types of cars, different ways of building buildings -- there are a lot of services where you can bring the energy for that service down quite substantially."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们可以将很多服务所消耗的能源大大降低，个别服务，甚至可以降低百分之九十", "en": ["Some individual services even bring it down by 90 percent."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但另外一些服务，比如化肥生产，航空运输等，可以提升的空间较为有限 但另外一些服务，比如化肥生产，航空运输等，可以提升的空间较为有限 但另外一些服务，比如化肥生产，航空运输等，可以提升的空间较为有限", "en": ["There are other services like how we make fertilizer, or how we do air transport, where the rooms for improvement are far, far less."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，综合来看，对这一项的乐观估计为：我们可能能实现三到六倍的下降 所以，综合来看，对这一项的乐观估计为：我们可能能实现三到六倍的下降", "en": ["And so, overall here, if we're optimistic, we may get a reduction of a factor of three to even, perhaps, a factor of six."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "就已讨论三个因素来说，我们最多将排放量从260吨降到130亿吨，这还远远不够 就已讨论三个因素来说，我们最多将排放量从260吨降到130亿吨，这还远远不够 就已讨论三个因素来说，我们最多将排放量从260吨降到130亿吨，这还远远不够", "en": ["But for these first three factors now, we've gone from 26 billion to, at best, maybe 13 billion tons, and that just won't cut it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "最后，我们来看第四个因素，也是最关键的一个 最后，我们来看第四个因素，也是最关键的一个 也就是每单位能源所排放的二氧化碳", "en": ["So let's look at this fourth factor -- this is going to be a key one -- and this is the amount of CO2 put out per each unit of energy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们的问题是，这一因素真的能降到零吗？", "en": ["And so the question is: Can you actually get that to zero?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "烧煤肯定不行，烧气也不行", "en": ["If you burn coal, no."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "烧煤肯定不行，烧气也不行", "en": ["If you burn natural gas, no."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们现有的所有发电方式都会产生二氧化碳，除了发展中的的可再生能源与核能 我们现有的所有发电方式都会产生二氧化碳，除了发展中的的可再生能源与核能", "en": ["Almost every way we make electricity today, except for the emerging renewables and nuclear, puts out CO2."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，我们需要在全球范围内建立一个新系统，我们需要能源奇迹 所以，我们需要在全球范围内建立一个新系统，我们需要能源奇迹", "en": ["And so, what we're going to have to do at a global scale, is create a new system."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，我们需要在全球范围内建立一个新系统，我们需要能源奇迹", "en": ["And so, we need energy miracles."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "虽然我用了“奇迹”一词，但这并不是说这件事是不可能的", "en": ["Now, when I use the term \"miracle,\" I don't mean something that's impossible."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "微处理器是奇迹，个人电脑是奇迹，互联网及其应用也是奇迹", "en": ["The microprocessor is a miracle. The personal computer is a miracle."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "微处理器是奇迹，个人电脑是奇迹，互联网及其应用也是奇迹", "en": ["The Internet and its services are a miracle."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "也就是说，在座的各位已经目睹甚至参与了很多奇迹的发生", "en": ["So, the people here have participated in the creation of many miracles."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "一般来说，我们不会对奇迹的发生设置最后期限 一般来说，我们不会对奇迹的发生设置最后期限", "en": ["Usually, we don't have a deadline, where you have to get the miracle by a certain date."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "通常，你只是袖手旁观，有些奇迹就发生了，有些则没有", "en": ["Usually, you just kind of stand by, and some come along, some don't."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但在低碳减排这件事上，我们必须全力以赴去推动，从而在最终期限前实现这一奇迹 但在低碳减排这件事上，我们必须全力以赴去推动，从而在最终期限前实现这一奇迹", "en": ["This is a case where we actually have to drive at full speed and get a miracle in a pretty tight timeline."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想，我怎样才能更好地呈现这一问题呢？有没有一种自然生动的表达？", "en": ["Now, I thought, \"How could I really capture this?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想，我怎样才能更好地呈现这一问题呢？有没有一种自然生动的表达？ 有没有某种演示能激发人们的想象力？", "en": ["Is there some kind of natural illustration, some demonstration that would grab people's imagination here?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我回想起一年前我带了些蚊子到这里来，大家好像还蛮喜欢的 我回想起一年前我带了些蚊子到这里来，大家好像还蛮喜欢的", "en": ["I thought back to a year ago when I brought mosquitos, and somehow people enjoyed that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "蚊子让那次的与会者真正地意识到：世界上有些人是与蚊子一起生活的 蚊子让那次的与会者真正地意识到：世界上有些人是与蚊子一起生活的", "en": ["It really got them involved in the idea of, you know, there are people who live with mosquitos."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，今天既然在谈能源，我想到带来这个：萤火虫", "en": ["So, with energy, all I could come up with is this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我决定，放飞萤火虫将是我今年对这里环境做出的贡献 我决定，放飞萤火虫将是我今年对这里环境做出的贡献", "en": ["I decided that releasing fireflies would be my contribution to the environment here this year."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是几只天然的萤火虫，据说不咬人，说不定它们都懒得出那个罐子 这是几只天然的萤火虫，据说不咬人，说不定它们都懒得出那个罐子", "en": ["So here we have some natural fireflies."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是几只天然的萤火虫，据说不咬人，说不定它们都懒得出那个罐子 像萤火虫这样的解决能源问题有奇思妙想有很多，但实际作用相当有限", "en": ["I'm told they don't bite; in fact, they might not even leave that jar."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们需要的是解决方案，一个或很多个都行，极具规模性和可靠性的解决方案 我们需要的是解决方案，一个或很多个都行，极具规模性和可靠性的解决方案", "en": ["Now, there's all sorts of gimmicky solutions like that one, but they don't really add up to much."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们需要的是解决方案，一个或很多个都行，极具规模性和可靠性的解决方案 尽管人们在多方探索，我觉得目前只有五个方向可以有大作为 尽管人们在多方探索，我觉得目前只有五个方向可以有大作为", "en": ["We need solutions -- either one or several -- that have unbelievable scale and unbelievable reliability, and, although there's many directions people are seeking, I really only see five that can achieve the big numbers."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我没有包括潮汐、地热、聚变和生物燃料等，那些都将有所贡献", "en": ["I've left out tide, geothermal, fusion, biofuels."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我没有包括潮汐、地热、聚变和生物燃料等，那些都将有所贡献 如果它们的表现能超过我的预期，当然更好 但关键的是，我们在这五种方式上必须全部大力投入 但关键的是，我们在这五种方式上必须全部大力投入 不能因为他们看似艰巨而放弃，因为它们都包含着严峻的挑战 不能因为他们看似艰巨而放弃，因为它们都包含着严峻的挑战", "en": ["Those may make some contribution, and if they can do better than I expect, so much the better, but my key point here is that we're going to have to work on each of these five, and we can't give up any of them because they look daunting, because they all have significant challenges."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "首先来看一下化石燃料，烧煤或者烧气 首先来看一下化石燃料，烧煤或者烧气", "en": ["Let's look first at the burning fossil fuels, either burning coal or burning natural gas."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们需要做的，说来简单，其实不然 需要采取的措施是把所有燃烧产生的二氧化碳，通过烟囱收集，然后加压、液化,储存 需要采取的措施是把所有燃烧产生的二氧化碳，通过烟囱收集，然后加压、液化、储存，并保证不泄漏 需要采取的措施是把所有燃烧产生的二氧化碳，通过烟囱收集，然后加压、液化、储存，并保证不泄漏", "en": ["What you need to do there, seems like it might be simple, but it's not, and that's to take all the CO2, after you've burned it, going out the flue, pressurize it, create a liquid, put it somewhere, and hope it stays there."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当前的试验已经能做到60％至80%的水平，但要做到百分之百会十分的困难 当前的试验已经能做到60％至80%的水平，但要做到百分之百会十分的困难 并且在哪里储存那么大量的二氧化碳也容易引起争议 最困难的是这是个长期问题", "en": ["Now we have some pilot things that do this at the 60 to 80 percent level, but getting up to that full percentage, that will be very tricky, and agreeing on where these CO2 quantities should be put will be hard, but the toughest one here is this long-term issue."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谁能保证它呢？", "en": ["Who's going to be sure?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这些废料体积十亿倍于其它核废料等废品，谁能保证长期安全？ 这些废料体积十亿倍于其它核废料等废品，谁能保证长期安全？", "en": ["Who's going to guarantee something that is literally billions of times larger than any type of waste you think of in terms of nuclear or other things?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个二氧化碳的量非常大，所以会十分困难", "en": ["This is a lot of volume."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个二氧化碳的量非常大，所以会十分困难", "en": ["So that's a tough one."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "下一个，核能，同样有三个大问题", "en": ["Next would be nuclear."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "下一个，核能，同样有三个大问题 它的成本，尤其是在高度管控的国家，非常高 安全问题，保证一切有条不紊 即使有人工操作 即使核燃料不会被用作武器", "en": ["It also has three big problems: Cost, particularly in highly regulated countries, is high; the issue of the safety, really feeling good about nothing could go wrong, that, even though you have these human operators, that the fuel doesn't get used for weapons."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "还有核废弃物要怎么处理的问题", "en": ["And then what do you do with the waste?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "虽然量并不大，但有很多令人顾虑的地方", "en": ["And, although it's not very large, there are a lot of concerns about that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "好的解决方式必须让人们感到安心", "en": ["People need to feel good about it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是三个困难但可能可以解决的问题 所以需要继续努力", "en": ["So three very tough problems that might be solvable, and so, should be worked on."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "五种能源的最后三个，我会放在一起来讲", "en": ["The last three of the five, I've grouped together."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是人们通常称为可再生能源的三种能源", "en": ["These are what people often refer to as the renewable sources."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "事实上，它们虽然不需要燃料 但也有不足之处", "en": ["And they actually -- although it's great they don't require fuel -- they have some disadvantages."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "首先是这些技术所收集到的能源的密度，要远远小于电厂 首先是这些技术所收集到的能源的密度，要远远小于电厂", "en": ["One is that the density of energy gathered in these technologies is dramatically less than a power plant."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是能源农业，其规模都是平方公里级的 比常规的发电厂要大几千倍", "en": ["This is energy farming, so you're talking about many square miles, thousands of time more area than you think of as a normal energy plant."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "还有，这些能源是间歇性的", "en": ["Also, these are intermittent sources."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "太阳不是一整天都有，也不是每天都有 同样，风也不是一直在吹", "en": ["The sun doesn't shine all day, it doesn't shine every day, and, likewise, the wind doesn't blow all the time."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果完全依赖这些来源 你还得有其它渠道来获取能源，以度过间歇期 你还得有其它渠道来获取能源，以度过间歇期", "en": ["And so, if you depend on these sources, you have to have some way of getting the energy during those time periods that it's not available."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此，我们面临巨大的成本问题 还有传输方面的挑战 比如说，某个能源来源在国外 你不仅需要能源技术 还要应对能源不在国内的相关风险", "en": ["So, we've got big cost challenges here, we have transmission challenges: for example, say this energy source is outside your country; you not only need the technology, but you have to deal with the risk of the energy coming from elsewhere."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "最后，是储存的问题", "en": ["And, finally, this storage problem."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "为了让这个问题具体化，我仔细研究了所有现有的电池 为了让这个问题具体化，我仔细研究了所有现有的电池 车用的，电脑用的，手机的，手电筒的，所有的东西上用的电池 把其存储电量与世界每日消耗电能比较 我发现我们现在制造的所有电池 只能储存不到10分钟的所有能源", "en": ["And, to dimensionalize this, I went through and looked at all the types of batteries that get made -- for cars, for computers, for phones, for flashlights, for everything -- and compared that to the amount of electrical energy the world uses, and what I found is that all the batteries we make now could store less than 10 minutes of all the energy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，实际上，我们需要一个重大的突破 需要一个比现在的技术好一百倍的解决方案 需要一个比现在的技术好一百倍的解决方案", "en": ["And so, in fact, we need a big breakthrough here, something that's going to be a factor of 100 better than the approaches we have now."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这并不是不可能的，但也不会很容易", "en": ["It's not impossible, but it's not a very easy thing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这样，我们可以用间歇性能源 提供20%-30%所需的能量", "en": ["Now, this shows up when you try to get the intermittent source to be above, say, 20 to 30 percent of what you're using."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但如果你希望100%地依赖它 你需要一个非常高效的奇迹电池", "en": ["If you're counting on it for 100 percent, you need an incredible miracle battery."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那么，我们怎么进行下去呢？正确的方法在哪里？", "en": ["Now, how we're going to go forward on this -- what's the right approach?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这会是一个曼哈顿计划吗？我们怎么才能到达彼岸？", "en": ["Is it a Manhattan Project? What's the thing that can get us there?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们需要很多公司来共同努力，几百家公司", "en": ["Well, we need lots of companies working on this, hundreds."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对五种方法中的每一种，我们都需要至少100人的团队", "en": ["In each of these five paths, we need at least a hundred people."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "里面的很多人，你会觉得他们很疯狂，这就对了。", "en": ["And a lot of them, you'll look at and say, \"They're crazy.\" That's good."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我认为，在TED团队里 已经有很多人开始致力于此", "en": ["And, I think, here in the TED group, we have many people who are already pursuing this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "比尔格罗斯有好几家公司，其中一个叫eSolar，拥有非常棒的太阳能发热技术 比尔格罗斯有好几家公司，其中一个叫eSolar，拥有非常棒的太阳能发热技术", "en": ["Bill Gross has several companies, including one called eSolar that has some great solar thermal technologies."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "维诺德科斯拉投资了几十家公司 他们的工作非常棒，并提出很有趣的可能性 我也计划支持他们的项目", "en": ["Vinod Khosla's investing in dozens of companies that are doing great things and have interesting possibilities, and I'm trying to help back that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "其实纳珊米赫沃尔德和我已经在支持一家公司 也许有点让人吃惊，但这个公司是核能方向的", "en": ["Nathan Myhrvold and I actually are backing a company that, perhaps surprisingly, is actually taking the nuclear approach."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在核能方面虽然近年有些小创新， 像模具化，液体使用等等", "en": ["There are some innovations in nuclear: modular, liquid."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但其实创新在这个行业已经停止有一段时间了 所以现在出现一些好点子不是什么太奇怪的事情", "en": ["And innovation really stopped in this industry quite some ago, so the idea that there's some good ideas laying around is not all that surprising."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "Terrapower的想法是：不去烧常规的铀U235 Terrapower的想法是：不去烧常规的铀U235 而是烧剩下的99%，即U238", "en": ["The idea of TerraPower is that, instead of burning a part of uranium -- the one percent, which is the U235 -- we decided, \"Let's burn the 99 percent, the U238.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是个有些疯狂的想法，但其实，人们已经讨论了很长时间", "en": ["It is kind of a crazy idea."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是个有些疯狂的想法，但其实，人们已经讨论了很长时间 但一直无法很好地模拟出这是否可行 有了现代超级计算机的不断升级 我们现在能做这个模拟，而且可以预见， 只要用对材料，这方案是可行的", "en": ["In fact, people had talked about it for a long time, but they could never simulate properly whether it would work or not, and so it's through the advent of modern supercomputers that now you can simulate and see that, yes, with the right material's approach, this looks like it would work."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而且，因为我们烧的是以前丢弃的99%核废料 成本可以极大地降低", "en": ["And, because you're burning that 99 percent, you have greatly improved cost profile."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你实际上是把废料变作燃料 再也不用担心该怎样处理现有所有核反应堆的废料，这是个很好的消息", "en": ["You actually burn up the waste, and you can actually use as fuel all the leftover waste from today's reactors."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "再也不用担心该怎样处理现有所有核反应堆的废料，这是个很好的消息", "en": ["So, instead of worrying about them, you just take that. It's a great thing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这种技术就像蜡烛一样,逐渐烧尽铀废料", "en": ["It breathes this uranium as it goes along, so it's kind of like a candle."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "过程就如这根柱子所示,通常被称为浪潮反应堆", "en": ["You can see it's a log there, often referred to as a traveling wave reactor."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "燃料的问题解决了", "en": ["In terms of fuel, this really solves the problem."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是肯塔基州的一个废料场", "en": ["I've got a picture here of a place in Kentucky."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这就是那些废料,那99% 这就是U235已耗尽的燃料 被称作耗尽的铀", "en": ["This is the leftover, the 99 percent, where they've taken out the part they burn now, so it's called depleted uranium."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这些可以为全美国供电数百年", "en": ["That would power the U.S. for hundreds of years."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "另外，仅仅是通过低成本的海水过滤程序 得到的燃料就足以供应地球下半辈子使用", "en": ["And, simply by filtering seawater in an inexpensive process, you'd have enough fuel for the entire lifetime of the rest of the planet."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你看, 前面还会有很多挑战 但这只是数百种方法中的一个例子 需要我们继续推进", "en": ["So, you know, it's got lots of challenges ahead, but it is an example of the many hundreds and hundreds of ideas that we need to move forward."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "想一想，我们要如何衡量我们的成就", "en": ["So let's think: How should we measure ourselves?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们的成绩单应该打多少分？", "en": ["What should our report card look like?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "先来看一下我们的最终目标，再倒推来看我们的中期目标 先来看一下我们的最终目标，再倒推来看我们的中期目标", "en": ["Well, let's go out to where we really need to get, and then look at the intermediate."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "已经有很多人在谈到2050年前减碳80%", "en": ["For 2050, you've heard many people talk about this 80 percent reduction."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这真的非常重要，我们必须完成这个目标", "en": ["That really is very important, that we get there."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而剩下那20%应是贫穷国家的份额 比如一些农业国家 但愿，我们到时已经清理了伐木业和水泥业", "en": ["And that 20 percent will be used up by things going on in poor countries, still some agriculture, hopefully we will have cleaned up forestry, cement."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，要达到这80% 发达国家，以及中国这些国家 需要共同改变它们的发电方式", "en": ["So, to get to that 80 percent, the developed countries, including countries like China, will have had to switch their electricity generation altogether."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "另外一级是，我们是否部署了零排放技术 我们是否在所有发达国家里都采用了该项技术 并且在向其他地区推广的过程中", "en": ["So, the other grade is: Are we deploying this zero-emission technology, have we deployed it in all the developed countries and we're in the process of getting it elsewhere?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这点非常重要", "en": ["That's super important."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是交出优秀答卷的关键因素", "en": ["That's a key element of making that report card."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "从2050年往回推，我们2020年的成绩应该是怎样呢？", "en": ["So, backing up from there, what should the 2020 report card look like?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "嗯，一样会有两个部分", "en": ["Well, again, it should have the two elements."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们应该仔细审查那些衡量效率的标准以开始减少排放 我们排放的越少，二氧化碳总量就越少 温度也就越低", "en": ["We should go through these efficiency measures to start getting reductions: The less we emit, the less that sum will be of CO2, and, therefore, the less the temperature."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但从某个角度来说，我们在2020年取得的成绩 做一些有所减排但并非大量减排的事 仅仅等同于,或低轻于另一件事情的重要性 那就是带来关键突破的那些创新", "en": ["But in some ways, the grade we get there, doing things that don't get us all the way to the big reductions, is only equally, or maybe even slightly less, important than the other, which is the piece of innovation on these breakthroughs."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们需要全速达成这些技术突破 我们可以用参与的公司的数目, 试验项目，或是调控政策的变化 来衡量", "en": ["These breakthroughs, we need to move those at full speed, and we can measure that in terms of companies, pilot projects, regulatory things that have been changed."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "关于这个话题有许多很好的书", "en": ["There's a lot of great books that have been written about this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "比如，戈尔的《我们的选择》 大卫麦基的《不再炽热的可持续能源》", "en": ["The Al Gore book, \"Our Choice\" and the David McKay book, \"Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们用心研究, 并且构建了一个框架 便于对该问题的广泛讨论 因为我们需要对这一问题的广泛支持", "en": ["They really go through it and create a framework that this can be discussed broadly, because we need broad backing for this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "需要多方大力协作", "en": ["There's a lot that has to come together."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是一个愿望", "en": ["So this is a wish."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们发明这项技术是个非常具体非常现实的愿望", "en": ["It's a very concrete wish that we invent this technology."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果我能为下个50年许一个愿望 我可以选择谁来当总统 或者选择一个疫苗，那是我热爱的事业 或者选择能源这件事 发明出能将能源价格减半并且零排放的技术 我肯定会选择能源", "en": ["If you gave me only one wish for the next 50 years -- I could pick who's president, I could pick a vaccine, which is something I love, or I could pick that this thing that's half the cost with no CO2 gets invented -- this is the wish I would pick."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这将是影响最大的一个", "en": ["This is the one with the greatest impact."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果我们没法实现这个愿望 考虑短期目标和长期目标的人们之间会有巨大分歧 美国与中国，穷国和富国之间, 会有巨大分歧 而二十亿人最穷的人中大多数的生活会极大恶化", "en": ["If we don't get this wish, the division between the people who think short term and long term will be terrible, between the U.S. and China, between poor countries and rich, and most of all the lives of those two billion will be far worse."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那么我们必须做什么？", "en": ["So, what do we have to do?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我恳求你们参与推动的到底是什么？", "en": ["What am I appealing to you to step forward and drive?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们应该增加研究资助", "en": ["We need to go for more research funding."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在像哥本哈根这样的会议上 各国不应该只讨论二氧化碳减排日程表", "en": ["When countries get together in places like Copenhagen, they shouldn't just discuss the CO2."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "也应该讨论创新的日程表 对这些创新方法的投入之低 绝对会让你震惊", "en": ["They should discuss this innovation agenda, and you'd be stunned at the ridiculously low levels of spending on these innovative approaches."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们确实需要一些市场激励，二氧化碳税费，限额和交易 用这些东西来发出价格信号", "en": ["We do need the market incentives -- CO2 tax, cap and trade -- something that gets that price signal out there."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们需要把信息传出去", "en": ["We need to get the message out."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们应该让这一对话更加理性，更加易于理解 包括政府所采取的措施", "en": ["We need to have this dialogue be a more rational, more understandable dialogue, including the steps that the government takes."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是一个重要的愿望，并且我觉得这是一个可以实现的愿望", "en": ["This is an important wish, but it is one I think we can achieve."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢 谢谢", "en": ["Thank you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "主持人：谢谢", "en": ["Chris Anderson: Thank you. Thank you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢 谢谢，我对Terrapower更了解了 首先，你能大概说下这个投资会是多大规模吗？", "en": ["Thank you. So to understand more about TerraPower, right -- I mean, first of all, can you give a sense of what scale of investment this is?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "比尔盖茨：如果只是买超级计算机, 做出软件 雇佣优秀的科学家，这些我们已经做到了 大概只用几千万 我们甚至去一个俄罗斯的反应堆测试了我们的材料 看看它是否能够正常工作 加起来也不过花费几个亿", "en": ["Bil Gates: To actually do the software, buy the supercomputer, hire all the great scientists, which we've done, that's only tens of millions, and even once we test our materials out in a Russian reactor to make sure that our materials work properly, then you'll only be up in the hundreds of millions."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "最难的是建造试验反应堆 筹措几十亿，找到管理者，选定地点 这样才能建起第一座这样的核电站", "en": ["The tough thing is building the pilot reactor; finding the several billion, finding the regulator, the location that will actually build the first one of these."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当你建起第一座后，如果它确实像说的那样有用， 那一切就都简单了，因为它的经济性、能源密度 与我们所熟悉的核能完全不同", "en": ["Once you get the first one built, if it works as advertised, then it's just clear as day, because the economics, the energy density, are so different than nuclear as we know it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "主持人：那么，是不是说，这需要往地下建造 一个用这种废弃铀建成的垂直核燃料柱 一个用这种废弃铀建成的垂直核燃料柱 然后反应从上往下渐进？", "en": ["CA: And so, to understand it right, this involves building deep into the ground almost like a vertical kind of column of nuclear fuel, of this sort of spent uranium, and then the process starts at the top and kind of works down?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "盖茨：没错。现在的核反应堆, 你得不停的重新加燃料 所以有很多人为因素和控制可能出错 你需要打开反应堆, 把核燃料搬进搬出，这些都可能出错，一点儿不保险 你需要打开反应堆, 把核燃料搬进搬出，这些都可能出错，一点儿不保险", "en": ["BG: That's right. Today, you're always refueling the reactor, so you have lots of people and lots of controls that can go wrong: that thing where you're opening it up and moving things in and out, that's not good."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，如果有非常便宜的燃料，一根木柱的大小，就够使用60年 所以，如果有非常便宜的燃料，一根木柱的大小，就够使用60年 把它放下，没有那些复杂的后果", "en": ["So, if you have very cheap fuel that you can put 60 years in -- just think of it as a log -- put it down and not have those same complexities."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "放那儿烧个六十年，然后没了", "en": ["And it just sits there and burns for the 60 years, and then it's done."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "主持人：那样的核电站本身就是自身废弃物的处理站", "en": ["CA: It's a nuclear power plant that is its own waste disposal solution."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "盖茨：没错。这个过程产生的垃圾 你可以放在那儿，用这种办法只产生很少的废料 你也可以把它放到另外一个核电站里烧掉 你也可以把它放到另外一个核电站里烧掉", "en": ["BG: Yeah. Well, what happens with the waste, you can let it sit there -- there's a lot less waste under this approach -- then you can actually take that, and put it into another one and burn that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们可以从处理现有核电站产生的垃圾开始 那些现在在冷却池或者反应堆旁的干罐里的废物 这是我们开始时的燃料", "en": ["And we start off actually by taking the waste that exists today, that's sitting in these cooling pools or dry casking by reactors -- that's our fuel to begin with."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这样，当前那些反应堆自身的麻烦，却成为我们的原料，同时还大大减少了废物 这样，当前那些反应堆自身的麻烦，却成为我们的原料，同时还大大减少了废物 这样，当前那些反应堆自身的麻烦，却成为我们的原料，同时还大大减少了废物 这样，当前那些反应堆自身的麻烦，却成为我们的原料，同时还大大减少了废物", "en": ["So, the thing that's been a problem from those reactors is actually what gets fed into ours, and you're reducing the volume of the waste quite dramatically as you're going through this process."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "主持人：你和其他地方的人的谈话中 谈到这些可能性的时候", "en": ["CA: I mean, you're talking to different people around the world about the possibilities here."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "哪些人对实施这件事兴趣最大？", "en": ["Where is there most interest in actually doing something with this?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "盖茨：我们还没有选定一个特定的地方 由于到处都有关于核问题的保密规定 很多人表示了兴趣 俄罗斯，印度，中国的公司都表现了浓厚的兴趣 我也曾经在这里找过能源部长 谈论如何将这件事融入能源日程表", "en": ["BG: Well, we haven't picked a particular place, and there's all these interesting disclosure rules about anything that's called \"nuclear,\" so we've got a lot of interest, that people from the company have been in Russia, India, China -- I've been back seeing the secretary of energy here, talking about how this fits into the energy agenda."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "总地来说我很乐观，同时，法国和日本已经做了一些工作", "en": ["So I'm optimistic. You know, the French and Japanese have done some work."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是已有成就的一个变体", "en": ["This is a variant on something that has been done."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是一个重要的进步，但像一个快速反应堆 很多国家已经修建了这样的反应堆 只要你已经有了快速反应堆，就可能成为第一个核垃圾重利用站的建设者", "en": ["It's an important advance, but it's like a fast reactor, and a lot of countries have built them, so anybody who's done a fast reactor is a candidate to be where the first one gets built."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "主持人：就你看来，实现这一计划的时间跨度和可能性如何？ 主持人：就你看来，实现这一计划的时间跨度和可能性如何？", "en": ["CA: So, in your mind, timescale and likelihood of actually taking something like this live?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "盖茨：建一个这种大规模的电站，并且成本要非常低 盖茨：建一个这种大规模的电站，并且成本要非常低 我们有20年时间来发明，再有20年时间来执行", "en": ["BG: Well, we need -- for one of these high-scale, electro-generation things that's very cheap, we have 20 years to invent and then 20 years to deploy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这大致也是我们的环境模型所计算出的最终期限 这大致也是我们的环境模型所计算出的最终期限", "en": ["That's sort of the deadline that the environmental models have shown us that we have to meet."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果Terrapower一切顺利的话，当然那样会很不容易，可以很容易地满足这一要求 如果Terrapower一切顺利的话，当然那样会很不容易，可以很容易地满足这一要求", "en": ["And, you know, TerraPower, if things go well -- which is wishing for a lot -- could easily meet that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "目前还有数十家公司在从事这一事业 我们需要几百家 如果它们科研进展顺利 如果他们的试验电站的筹资顺利 他们都可以竞争这项任务", "en": ["And there are, fortunately now, dozens of companies -- we need it to be hundreds -- who, likewise, if their science goes well, if the funding for their pilot plants goes well, that they can compete for this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果能够多方成功那是最好 因为这样就可以同时利用多种方式", "en": ["And it's best if multiple succeed, because then you could use a mix of these things."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但我们至少需要一种能够成功", "en": ["We certainly need one to succeed."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "主持人：如果说到可能的大规模的创新 这个是不是你知道的最大的一个", "en": ["CA: In terms of big-scale possible game changes, is this the biggest that you're aware of out there?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "盖茨：能源的突破是最重要的事", "en": ["BG: An energy breakthrough is the most important thing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "即使没有环境的限制，它还会是最重要的问题 环境的限制使它变得更为突出，更为紧迫", "en": ["It would have been, even without the environmental constraint, but the environmental constraint just makes it so much greater."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在核领域，还有其它的创新者", "en": ["In the nuclear space, there are other innovators."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但我对他们的工作,我们没有像对这个项目一样清楚 有些人在模块方面的创新,是另外一种方式", "en": ["You know, we don't know their work as well as we know this one, but the modular people, that's a different approach."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "还有一种液态反应堆，实现起来有点困难 但也许他们看我们的方式也觉得困难", "en": ["There's a liquid-type reactor, which seems a little hard, but maybe they say that about us."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，有很多不同的办法 但核能的美妙之处在于, 一个铀分子所含的能量是其它能源的一百万倍 但核能的美妙之处在于, 一个铀分子所含的能量是其它能源的一百万倍 如果能够处理好负面因素，主要是辐射 如果能够处理好负面因素，主要是辐射 其碳排放、成本以及潜能潜能，就其各种因素而言，将是无与伦比的 其碳排放、成本以及潜能潜能，就其各种因素而言，将是无与伦比的 其碳排放、成本以及潜能潜能，就其各种因素而言，将是无与伦比的", "en": ["And so, there are different ones, but the beauty of this is a molecule of uranium has a million times as much energy as a molecule of, say, coal, and so -- if you can deal with the negatives, which are essentially the radiation -- the footprint and cost, the potential, in terms of effect on land and various things, is almost in a class of its own."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "主持人；如果我们没能成功怎么办？", "en": ["CA: If this doesn't work, then what?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们得采取什么紧急措施 来保证地球温度的稳定？", "en": ["Do we have to start taking emergency measures to try and keep the temperature of the earth stable?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "盖茨：如果事情发展到那一步 就像吃的太多，可能会得心脏病一样 怎么办？你可能需要心脏手术之类的", "en": ["BG: If you get into that situation, it's like if you've been over-eating, and you're about to have a heart attack: Then where do you go? You may need heart surgery or something."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "有一种研究叫做地球工程学 通过各种技术来延缓全球变暖 可以为我们争取20-30年的时间来共同行动", "en": ["There is a line of research on what's called geoengineering, which are various techniques that would delay the heating to buy us 20 or 30 years to get our act together."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "不过,那就像是一个保险政策", "en": ["Now, that's just an insurance policy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你希望你不会用到", "en": ["You hope you don't need to do that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "有些人说根本不应该研究保险措施 因为这会使人懈怠 你会持续进食，反正你知道心脏手术可以挽救你", "en": ["Some people say you shouldn't even work on the insurance policy because it might make you lazy, that you'll keep eating because you know heart surgery will be there to save you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "考虑到问题的重要性，我不知道这样是否明智 现在关于地球工程的讨论 应该作为一个后备选择, 以防形势恶化得更快 或者技术创新迟于我们的预期", "en": ["I'm not sure that's wise, given the importance of the problem, but there's now the geoengineering discussion about -- should that be in the back pocket in case things happen faster, or this innovation goes a lot slower than we expect?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "主持人：对气候变化论的怀疑者, 如果让你对他们说一两句话 你会怎么说服他们？", "en": ["CA: Climate skeptics: If you had a sentence or two to say to them, how might you persuade them that they're wrong?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "盖茨：很不幸，怀疑论者来自不同阵营", "en": ["BG: Well, unfortunately, the skeptics come in different camps."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们中很少持有科学证据", "en": ["The ones who make scientific arguments are very few."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们说那些负反馈的结果是由于云的关系 他们说那些负反馈的结果是由于云的关系", "en": ["Are they saying that there's negative feedback effects that have to do with clouds that offset things?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们极少能举出令人信服的证据 即使是百万分之一的概率", "en": ["There are very, very few things that they can even say there's a chance in a million of those things."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这里的主要问题就像艾滋病", "en": ["The main problem we have here, it's kind of like AIDS."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "现在犯错，将来得加倍的承受痛苦", "en": ["You make the mistake now, and you pay for it a lot later."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此，当你遇到各种紧要问题时 现在承受痛苦关系到将来的收益 而且还是个不确定的痛苦 实际上，IPCC报告，那还不是最坏的情况 而且，发达国家也有人看了报告后，说这没什么大不了的 而且，发达国家也有人看了报告后，说这没什么大不了的", "en": ["And so, when you have all sorts of urgent problems, the idea of taking pain now that has to do with a gain later, and a somewhat uncertain pain thing -- in fact, the IPCC report, that's not necessarily the worst case, and there are people in the rich world who look at IPCC and say, \"OK, that isn't that big of a deal.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "事实上, 不确定的方面应该促进我们向这方面努力", "en": ["The fact is it's that uncertain part that should move us towards this."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是我的愿望是, 如果你把能源生产变得经济了，同时也符合二氧化碳排放限制 但是我的愿望是, 如果你把能源生产变得经济了，同时也符合二氧化碳排放限制 那么怀疑论者会说：好的，虽然我不关心二氧化碳排放的事情 那么怀疑论者会说：好的，虽然我不关心二氧化碳排放的事情 我甚至还有点希望它会排放二氧化碳 但我会采纳这一新方法,因为能源比以前更便宜了 但我会采纳这一新方法,因为能源比以前更便宜了", "en": ["But my dream here is that, if you can make it economic, and meet the CO2 constraints, then the skeptics say, \"OK, I don't care that it doesn't put out CO2, I kind of wish it did put out CO2, but I guess I'll accept it because it's cheaper than what's come before.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "主持人: 是否可以说，这就是你对比约恩隆伯格的回应 也就是说，如果你花所有精力来解决二氧化碳的问题，那就会取代其他目标 也就是说，如果你花所有精力来解决二氧化碳的问题，那就会取代其他目标 比如解决世界贫困, 或者疟疾等等的目标 把钱投到那些领域是对资本的浪费，我们有更重要的事情要做 把钱投到那些领域是对资本的浪费，我们有更重要的事情要做", "en": ["CA: And so, that would be your response to the Bjorn Lomborg argument, that basically if you spend all this energy trying to solve the CO2 problem, it's going to take away all your other goals of trying to rid the world of poverty and malaria and so forth, it's a stupid waste of the Earth's resources to put money towards that when there are better things we can do."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "盖茨：实际的研发投入其实没多少，虽说美国应该每年多投入100亿在这上面，这应该不会影响其他事情 盖茨：实际的研发投入其实没多少，虽说美国应该每年多投入100亿在这上面，这应该不会影响其他事情 盖茨：实际的研发投入其实没多少，虽说美国应该每年多投入100亿在这上面，这应该不会影响其他事情", "en": ["BG: Well, the actual spending on the R&D piece -- say the U.S. should spend 10 billion a year more than it is right now -- it's not that dramatic."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "盖茨：实际的研发投入其实没多少，虽说美国应该每年多投入100亿在这上面，这应该不会影响其他事情", "en": ["It shouldn't take away from other things."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对于需要投巨资的事业, 如果不经济没有回报，对我而言基本是浪费，这点有些人可能持不同意见 对于需要投巨资的事业, 如果不经济没有回报，对我而言基本是浪费，这点有些人可能持不同意见 对于需要投巨资的事业, 如果不经济没有回报，对我而言基本是浪费，这点有些人可能持不同意见", "en": ["The thing you get into big money on, and this, reasonable people can disagree, is when you have something that's non-economic and you're trying to fund that -- that, to me, mostly is a waste."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "除非你已经很接近成功, 而且你在投资学习曲线，并且它将会变得很便宜 除非你已经很接近成功, 而且你在投资学习曲线，并且它将会变得很便宜 否则，我认为我们应该多方尝试具有低成本潜力的方案 否则，我认为我们应该多方尝试具有低成本潜力的方案", "en": ["Unless you're very close and you're just funding the learning curve and it's going to get very cheap, I believe we should try more things that have a potential to be far less expensive."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果为了解决气候问题，最后让能源变的异常昂贵，贵到只有富人用得起 如果为了解决气候问题，最后让能源变的异常昂贵，贵到只有富人用得起", "en": ["If the trade-off you get into is, \"Let's make energy super expensive,\" then the rich can afford that."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "对在坐各位来说，如果能源价格提高五倍，还不至于影响我们的生活方式 对在坐各位来说，如果能源价格提高五倍，还不至于影响我们的生活方式", "en": ["I mean, all of us here could pay five times as much for our energy and not change our lifestyle."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但对地球上那二十亿穷人来说就是个灾难了", "en": ["The disaster is for that two billion."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而且隆伯格的观点已经变了，他的论点现在是，为什么研究没有得到更多的关注", "en": ["And even Lomborg has changed."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而且隆伯格的观点已经变了，他的论点现在是，为什么研究没有得到更多的关注", "en": ["His shtick now is, \"Why isn't the R&D getting more discussed?\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "基于历史的原因, 他还是属于怀疑论阵营，但是他已经意识到那是个相当孤独的阵营 基于历史的原因, 他还是属于怀疑论阵营，但是他已经意识到那是个相当孤独的阵营 基于历史的原因, 他还是属于怀疑论阵营，但是他已经意识到那是个相当孤独的阵营 所以,他开始摆出关于研发方面的观点", "en": ["He's still, because of his earlier stuff, still associated with the skeptic camp, but he's realized that's a pretty lonely camp, and so, he's making the R&D point."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我觉得那是一个非常值得探讨的话题，因为对科研的投入之少实在是不可理喻", "en": ["And so there is a thread of something that I think is appropriate."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我觉得那是一个非常值得探讨的话题，因为对科研的投入之少实在是不可理喻", "en": ["The R&D piece, it's crazy how little it's funded."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "主持人：比尔, 我想这里的大多数人都跟我一样，真心希望你的梦想成真，非常感谢！ 主持人：比尔, 我想这里的大多数人都跟我一样，真心希望你的梦想成真，非常感谢！", "en": ["CA: Well Bill, I suspect I speak on the behalf of most people here to say I really hope your wish comes true. Thank you so much."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "盖茨：谢谢大家", "en": ["BG: Thank you."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想把我几个月之前的一个大发现与大家分享一下 我当时正在为一家意大利杂志\"Wired\"写一篇文章", "en": ["I'd like to share with you a discovery that I made a few months ago while writing an article for Italian Wired."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我在写作的时候总是把同义词词典放在手边 我当时已经把文章编辑完了 才意识到我一生中还从来没有 在字典中查找“残疾的”的具体意思", "en": ["I always keep my thesaurus handy whenever I'm writing anything, but I'd already finished editing the piece, and I realized that I had never once in my life looked up the word \"disabled\" to see what I'd find."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "让我把这个词条念给大家听", "en": ["Let me read you the entry."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "“残疾的”，形容词，意为：“残废的，无助的，无用的，残破的 停滞的，被破坏的，受伤的，被损毁的，跛脚的，被肢解的 破损的，累坏了的，虚弱的，无力的，丧失力量的，瘫痪的，身体功能存在障碍的 衰老的，破旧的，被闲置的，精疲力尽的，没用的，疲劳的 破烂的，不被考虑的” 另见：“受伤的，无用的，虚弱的”", "en": ["\"Disabled, adjective: crippled, helpless, useless, wrecked, stalled, maimed, wounded, mangled, lame, mutilated, run-down, worn-out, weakened, impotent, castrated, paralyzed, handicapped, senile, decrepit, laid-up, done-up, done-for, done-in cracked-up, counted-out; see also hurt, useless and weak."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "反义词：“健康的，强壮的，有能力的”", "en": ["Antonyms, healthy, strong, capable.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我当时把以上内容出声地读给我一个朋友听，一开始我笑了 这太荒唐了 当我念到“被损毁了”的时候，我哽咽了 我不得不停下来 让自己被这些词汇打击与侮辱后恢复情绪", "en": ["I was reading this list out loud to a friend and at first was laughing, it was so ludicrous, but I'd just gotten past \"mangled,\" and my voice broke, and I had to stop and collect myself from the emotional shock and impact that the assault from these words unleashed."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "是的，我的这本老同义词词典也很破旧了 我想，这本词典也一定是很老的版本了", "en": ["You know, of course, this is my raggedy old thesaurus so I'm thinking this must be an ancient print date, right?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但实际上，它的出版日期却是上世纪80年代 当时我应该刚上小学 在家庭之外的大环境下形成对自己的认知 并且与我身边的孩子们和世界建立联系", "en": ["But, in fact, the print date was the early 1980s, when I would have been starting primary school and forming an understanding of myself outside the family unit and as related to the other kids and the world around me."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谢天谢地，我当年没用过同义词词典 我的意思是，通过同义词词典上对“残疾的”这一词的解释", "en": ["And, needless to say, thank God I wasn't using a thesaurus back then."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "就能看出，我所生活的世界并不认可像我这样的残疾人 这个世界认为我们残疾人身上毫无积极向上的因素 然而今天，我却在为我人生为我带来的一切历险与机会 庆幸不已", "en": ["I mean, from this entry, it would seem that I was born into a world that perceived someone like me to have nothing positive whatsoever going for them, when in fact, today I'm celebrated for the opportunities and adventures my life has procured."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，我立刻上网查“残疾的”这一词在2009年版本同义词词典中的解释 我当时期待着看到一些重要的修订", "en": ["So, I immediately went to look up the 2009 online edition, expecting to find a revision worth noting."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "下面我给大家读“残疾的”这一词新版本的解释", "en": ["Here's the updated version of this entry."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "很不幸，词条的解释没比当年强多少", "en": ["Unfortunately, it's not much better."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个词条中\"接近反义词\"中的两个词尤其让我很不好受 它们是：“完整的，健全的”", "en": ["I find the last two words under \"Near Antonyms,\" particularly unsettling: \"whole\" and \"wholesome.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，这不仅仅是几个单词的事", "en": ["So, it's not just about the words."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当人们用那种消极的词汇形容残疾人的时候，实际上反映出来的是人们对残疾人的看法", "en": ["It's what we believe about people when we name them with these words."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "值得注意的是描述残疾人的那些词汇的背后所体现的人们内心的价值观，以及这种价值观形成的过程", "en": ["It's about the values behind the words, and how we construct those values."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们的语言影响着我们的思维 以及我们看待这个世界的方式、看待他人的方式", "en": ["Our language affects our thinking and how we view the world and how we view other people."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，包括古希腊、古罗马等许多古代社会 都相信言语诅咒的巨大威力 因为话一旦被说了出来，便是真实地存在了", "en": ["In fact, many ancient societies, including the Greeks and the Romans, believed that to utter a curse verbally was so powerful, because to say the thing out loud brought it into existence."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那么，我们究竟想让什么样的事物存在呢 是一个没有能力的人，还是一个有能力的人呢", "en": ["So, what reality do we want to call into existence: a person who is limited, or a person who's empowered?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "有时候，我们只是随便地给一个成人或孩子命名 却有可能限制住了他们的发展，给他们蒙上阴影，让他们对自己的能力质疑", "en": ["By casually doing something as simple as naming a person, a child, we might be putting lids and casting shadows on their power."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "难道我们不想为他们开启心灵之门么", "en": ["Wouldn't we want to open doors for them instead?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我的生命中就有这样一个人，为我开启了心灵之门，他是在我小时候照顾我的一位医生 他在德拉华州威尔明顿的A.I. Dupont研究院工作", "en": ["One such person who opened doors for me was my childhood doctor at the A.I. duPont Institute in Wilmington, Delaware."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他的名字叫Pizzutillo 是一位意大利裔美国人 很显然，他的名字很多美国人念出来都很困难 下面不妨就叫他P医生好了", "en": ["His name was Dr. Pizzutillo, an Italian American, whose name, apparently, was too difficult for most Americans to pronounce, so he went by Dr. P."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "P医生总是打着色彩鲜艳的领结 他为人的修养、气质使得他和孩子们相处得很好 除了身体训练课程之外", "en": ["And Dr. P always wore really colorful bow ties and had the very perfect disposition to work with children. I loved almost everything about my time spent at this hospital, with the exception of my physical therapy sessions."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我在他的医院里面度过的时光都是很快乐的 我要用那种很粗的、五颜六色的、富有弹性的带子 一遍又一遍地做着体能训练 锻炼腿部肌肉 我简直恨透那些带子了 恨透了，我甚至还给它们都起了名字", "en": ["I had to do what seemed like innumerable repetitions of exercises with these thick, elastic bands -- different colors, you know -- to help build up my leg muscles, and I hated these bands more than anything -- I hated them, had names for them. I hated them."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当时我还是个五岁的孩子，便和P医生讨价还价 求他别再让我那些体能训练了 当然，我没有得逞", "en": ["And, you know, I was already bargaining, as a five year-old child, with Dr. P to try to get out of doing these exercises, unsuccessfully, of course."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然而有一天，P医生在我做体能训练的时候来看我了 嗯，那些无情的、令人精疲力尽的体能训练 然后他对我说：“艾米，你真是个强壮的小姑娘啊 我感觉有一天你能把这些带子弄断", "en": ["And, one day, he came in to my session -- exhaustive and unforgiving, these sessions -- and he said to me, \"Wow. Aimee, you are such a strong and powerful little girl, I think you're going to break one of those bands."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "你弄断的时候，我就奖励你100美元“", "en": ["When you do break it, I'm going to give you a hundred bucks.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "很显然，这是P医生的一个小把戏罢了 他只不过是想让我做这些我根本不爱做的体能训练 用“有一天变成所有二楼病房五岁病人中最富有的”来诱惑我 但是P医生确实成功做到了一件事情 那便是将一个我所痛恨的日程转化为一个全新的、充满了前景的经历", "en": ["Now, of course, this was a simple ploy on Dr. P's part to get me to do the exercises I didn't want to do before the prospect of being the richest five-year-old in the second floor ward, but what he effectively did for me was reshape an awful daily occurrence into a new and promising experience for me."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "今天，我常常在思考，P医生当年的视野 以及他给我的“强壮的小姑娘”这一称谓 对我自我认知的影响有多么大 现如今，我已经能认识到我的内在是强壮有力的，我的未来一片光明", "en": ["And I have to wonder today to what extent his vision and his declaration of me as a strong and powerful little girl shaped my own view of myself as an inherently strong, powerful and athletic person well into the future."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "P医生的这个例子就很好的说明了 一位拥有力量的成年人能够点燃一个孩子的潜能", "en": ["This is an example of how adults in positions of power can ignite the power of a child."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是，在更前面提到的那个同义词词典的例子中 我们的语言并没能让我们把我们所希望看到的事物变成现实 并没能让残疾人意识到他们自己实际上是有能力的", "en": ["But, in the previous instances of those thesaurus entries, our language isn't allowing us to evolve into the reality that we would all want, the possibility of an individual to see themselves as capable."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "科技的发展带动社会的发展 而我们的语言并没有随着社会与时俱进 当然，从医学的角度来讲 我的假腿，修复我视力的激光手术 人工钛金膝盖，为老年人提供的股骨头替换手术 种种这些技术都能使得人们更充分地运用他们的能力 并且超越自然环境施加给他们的种种限制 并且为我们这些残疾人搭建社交平台 让我们这些人能自我认同", "en": ["Our language hasn't caught up with the changes in our society, Certainly, from a medical standpoint, my legs, laser surgery for vision impairment, titanium knees and hip replacements for aging bodies that are allowing people to more fully engage with their abilities, and move beyond the limits that nature has imposed on them -- not to mention social networking platforms allow people to self-identify, to claim their own descriptions of themselves,"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "从而允许我们在全球范围内选择结交的对象", "en": ["so they can go align with global groups of their own choosing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以说，科技正更清楚地向我们展示着 一个永恒的真理 那就是，我们每一个人都是非常强大的，都是能为社会做贡献的 以及适应环境的能力是人类最伟大的资本", "en": ["So, perhaps technology is revealing more clearly to us now what has always been a truth: that everyone has something rare and powerful to offer our society, and that the human ability to adapt is our greatest asset."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "谈起人类适应环境这一本领，我感觉很有意思 因为人们经常想让我就“克服逆境”这一话题讲一讲 今天我想做一点声明 “克服逆境”这一说对我来说根本不成立 别人让我就这一话题说几句的时候，我很不自在 我开始思考为什么会这样", "en": ["The human ability to adapt, it's an interesting thing, because people have continually wanted to talk to me about overcoming adversity, and I'm going to make an admission: This phrase never sat right with me, and I always felt uneasy trying to answer people's questions about it, and I think I'm starting to figure out why."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "“克服逆境”这个词有一个隐含的意思 那就是成功，或者快乐 都在一段艰难的经历的另一端 而这段经历本身却与成功和快乐无关 就好像是说，我这一生之所以能成功 是因为我绕过了作为一个截肢人所要面临的一系列挑战 绕过在别人看来制约我的一些因素", "en": ["Implicit in this phrase of \"overcoming adversity\" is the idea that success, or happiness, is about emerging on the other side of a challenging experience unscathed or unmarked by the experience, as if my successes in life have come about from an ability to sidestep or circumnavigate the presumed pitfalls of a life with prosthetics, or what other people perceive as my disability."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但实际上，这些挑战实实在在地改变了我们，在我们的人生旅程中烙下了印记 这种改变可能是身体上的，可能是精神上的，也可能两者兼具", "en": ["But, in fact, we are changed. We are marked, of course, by a challenge, whether physically, emotionally or both."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想说的是，面临挑战不失为一件好事", "en": ["And I'm going to suggest that this is a good thing."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "面对逆境，我们不应把它当成障碍绕过它 从而继续我们的生活", "en": ["Adversity isn't an obstacle that we need to get around in order to resume living our life."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "其实，逆境是我们生活的一部分", "en": ["It's part of our life."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我把逆境想象成我自己的影子", "en": ["And I tend to think of it like my shadow."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "有的时候它看起来很大，有的时候很小 但是它始终在我身边", "en": ["Sometimes I see a lot of it, sometimes there's very little, but it's always with me."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当然，我不是试图贬低人们与逆境作斗争的价值和意义", "en": ["And, certainly, I'm not trying to diminish the impact, the weight, of a person's struggle."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们在一生中注定要经历逆境与挑战 我们每个人都是 但是我们所关注的问题并不是你是否要去面对逆境 而是如何去面对它", "en": ["There is adversity and challenge in life, and it's all very real and relative to every single person, but the question isn't whether or not you're going to meet adversity, but how you're going to meet it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，我们的责任不是简简单单地让我们关心的人生活在温床里 而是让他们能够形成从容应对逆境的能力", "en": ["So, our responsibility is not simply shielding those we care for from adversity, but preparing them to meet it well."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当我们让孩子们觉得自己没有适应环境的能力时", "en": ["And we do a disservice to our kids when we make them feel that they're not equipped to adapt."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们实际上伤害了他们 从医学的角度客观地判断我是否是一个残疾人 从社会的角度主观地去考虑我是否是一个“残疾人” 此两者间有很大的差别", "en": ["There's an important difference and distinction between the objective medical fact of my being an amputee and the subjective societal opinion of whether or not I'm disabled."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，我自始至终所要面对的唯一的一个问题 是这个世界对我的种种不公的看法和描述", "en": ["And, truthfully, the only real and consistent disability I've had to confront is the world ever thinking that I could be described by those definitions."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们希望能够保护那些我们在意的人们 我们把冷冰冰的医师诊断报告告诉他们 或者有时候，为他们未来的生活状态做预测 但是我们一定要注意我们的所做所为 是否会摧毁这些人们 也许，人们习惯了只专注于自己的种种缺陷 并想着如何修复这些缺陷", "en": ["In our desire to protect those we care about by giving them the cold, hard truth about their medical prognosis, or, indeed, a prognosis on the expected quality of their life, we have to make sure that we don't put the first brick in a wall that will actually disable someone."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这种思维定式对残疾人的伤害比残疾人本身的生理缺陷更严重", "en": ["Perhaps the existing model of only looking at what is broken in you and how do we fix it, serves to be more disabling to the individual than the pathology itself."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们不从一个整体的角度看待残疾人 不去承认他们的能力 这对他们本身就很艰难的处境无疑是雪上加霜", "en": ["By not treating the wholeness of a person, by not acknowledging their potency, we are creating another ill on top of whatever natural struggle they might have."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们能有效地对一个人对其所在社会的的价值进行评估", "en": ["We are effectively grading someone's worth to our community."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因此，我们的目光不应该局限在残疾人生理上的缺陷 而是应该注意到他们作为人的价值", "en": ["So we need to see through the pathology and into the range of human capability."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "另外，最重要的一点 残疾人的一些缺陷和人类的创造力之间 是存在着联系的", "en": ["And, most importantly, there's a partnership between those perceived deficiencies and our greatest creative ability."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，艰辛的奋斗岁月是不该被贬低、否定的 这不是什么我们要避免或者掩盖的事 恰恰相反，我们应该在逆境中寻找机遇", "en": ["So it's not about devaluing, or negating, these more trying times as something we want to avoid or sweep under the rug, but instead to find those opportunities wrapped in the adversity."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "其实，我想说明的道理就是 逆境，不是用来\"克服\"的 我们应该坦然面对它 拥抱它 与它摔打 我刚才用了一个摔角的术语（摔打） 甚至，与它舞蹈", "en": ["So maybe the idea I want to put out there is not so much overcoming adversity as it is opening ourselves up to it, embracing it, grappling with it, to use a wrestling term, maybe even dancing with it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "也许，如果我们能把逆境看成是自然的、不间断的、对人有用的东西 它的存在对我们来说也不再是负担了", "en": ["And, perhaps, if we see adversity as natural, consistent and useful, we're less burdened by the presence of it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "今年我们庆祝了达尔文的200周年诞辰 当达尔文在150年前写物种进化论的时候 他阐明了一个关于人类特征的真理", "en": ["This year we celebrate the 200th birthday of Charles Darwin, and it was 150 years ago, when writing about evolution, that Darwin illustrated, I think, a truth about the human character."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他说的那句话大概意思就是，能生存下来的物种 往往不是最强壮的，也不是最聪明的 而是最能适应外部环境变化的", "en": ["To paraphrase: It's not the strongest of the species that survives, nor is it the most intelligent that survives; it is the one that is most adaptable to change."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "矛盾冲突是创造之母", "en": ["Conflict is the genesis of creation."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "达尔文等诸位大师的著作都揭示了这一点 人类生存繁衍的能力 源自人类灵魂经历激烈斗争后的转变 就是这样", "en": ["From Darwin's work, amongst others, we can recognize that the human ability to survive and flourish is driven by the struggle of the human spirit through conflict into transformation."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我再重申一遍，人类最伟大的能力，是转变和适应", "en": ["So, again, transformation, adaptation, is our greatest human skill."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "也许，在我们接受考验之前，我们不知道自己会是什么样子", "en": ["And, perhaps, until we're tested, we don't know what we're made of."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "可能这就是逆境所能起到的作用 一种对自我以及个人能力的认识", "en": ["Maybe that's what adversity gives us: a sense of self, a sense of our own power."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，我们可以给自己一份礼物", "en": ["So, we can give ourselves a gift."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我们可以把逆境想成一次改变的机遇", "en": ["We can re-imagine adversity as something more than just tough times."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "而不是艰辛的岁月", "en": ["Maybe we can see it as change."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "逆境是一种改变，而我们只不过还没来得及对其适应", "en": ["Adversity is just change that we haven't adapted ourselves to yet."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我认为，我们给自己创造的最大的困境 是\"正统\"这一概念", "en": ["I think the greatest adversity that we've created for ourselves is this idea of normalcy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "好吧，究竟什么又是“正统”呢", "en": ["Now, who's normal?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "“正统”并不存在", "en": ["There's no normal."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我知道什么是“普通的”，什么是“典型的”，但我不知道什么是“正统的” 如果真的有那种贫困的、面黄肌瘦的所谓的“正统人”，你会对他们感兴趣么", "en": ["There's common, there's typical. There's no normal, and would you want to meet that poor, beige person if they existed?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想不会吧", "en": ["I don't think so."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果我们不把精力投入到追求“正统”当中 而是投入到发现各种各样的可能性，发掘各种各样的能力，冒险一下 很多孩子的潜能都会被更好的激发 他们将会充分运用他们独一无二的宝贵的能力，为他们的社区做贡献", "en": ["If we can change this paradigm from one of achieving normalcy to one of possibility -- or potency, to be even a little bit more dangerous -- we can release the power of so many more children, and invite them to engage their rare and valuable abilities with the community."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "人类学家告诉我们 我们作为人类总是希望我们所在群体中的人们是有用的 是有能力做贡献的", "en": ["Anthropologists tell us that the one thing we as humans have always required of our community members is to be of use, to be able to contribute."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "六万年前的尼安德特社会就是一个很好的证据 尼安德特人抚养他们社会中的老弱病残 因为他们坚信 老人们丰富的人生阅历是对他们整个社会是很有价值的", "en": ["There's evidence that Neanderthals, 60,000 years ago, carried their elderly and those with serious physical injury, and perhaps it's because the life experience of survival of these people proved of value to the community."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "老人们从来不会被视作无用的 相反，他们被视为非常珍贵的", "en": ["They didn't view these people as broken and useless; they were seen as rare and valuable."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "几年前的一天，我正在故乡的菜市场 就是宾州东北部的那片红区 我当时正站在一筐西红柿旁边", "en": ["A few years ago, I was in a food market in the town where I grew up in that red zone in northeastern Pennsylvania, and I was standing over a bushel of tomatoes."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为正值夏天，我穿的是短裤", "en": ["It was summertime: I had shorts on."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在我的身后传来了一个男子的声音“唉？这不是艾米•慕林斯么”", "en": ["I hear this guy, his voice behind me say, \"Well, if it isn't Aimee Mullins.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我转过身来，发现是一位我不认识的老者", "en": ["And I turn around, and it's this older man. I have no idea who he is."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "然后我说，“先生不好意思，我们见过面么？我记不得你了”", "en": ["And I said, \"I'm sorry, sir, have we met? I don't remember meeting you.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他说，“嗯，你是不会记得咱们之间的那次见面的", "en": ["He said, \"Well, you wouldn't remember meeting me."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为当时，我正把你从你母亲的子宫里接生出来“", "en": ["I mean, when we met I was delivering you from your mother's womb.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "呵呵，我遇到的就是这么一个人", "en": ["Oh, that guy."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当然，最后我想起来了", "en": ["And, but of course, actually, it did click."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个人就是基恩大夫 我只是通过母亲当年给我讲的故事才知道这么一个人 我是一个晚产儿，晚产了两周", "en": ["This man was Dr. Kean, a man that I had only known about through my mother's stories of that day, because, of course, typical fashion, I arrived late for my birthday by two weeks."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当时负责在我母亲临产期照顾她的医生度假去了 所以最后就由基恩大夫这个我父母之前都不认识的人给我接生了", "en": ["And so my mother's prenatal physician had gone on vacation, so the man who delivered me was a complete stranger to my parents."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我出生的时候就没有腓骨 我的脚、脚趾都错位了 基恩大夫不得不传达两个坏消息", "en": ["And, because I was born without the fibula bones, and had feet turned in, and a few toes in this foot and a few toes in that, he had to be the bearer -- this stranger had to be the bearer of bad news."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他对我说,\"我当年把诊断报告告诉了你父母 我说，你将永远不会行走 你也永远不会像其他孩子那样跑跑跳跳 你将永远无法独立的生活 可从那以后，你却通过你的努力把我变成了一个大骗子”", "en": ["He said to me, \"I had to give this prognosis to your parents that you would never walk, and you would never have the kind of mobility that other kids have or any kind of life of independence, and you've been making liar out of me ever since.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "（鼓掌） 基恩先生做了一件伟大的事情 他从我童年开始就把报纸上所有关于我的报道都剪下来收集了 其中包括我二年级的时候在一次拼字比赛中获胜 和女童子军在万圣节的时候参加游行 大学的时候获得奖学金，以及我种种在体育比赛中的成绩 基恩大夫在用我的故事教育当地的学生们 他用我的故事教育哈奈曼医学院和赫尔希医学院的学生", "en": ["The extraordinary thing is that he said he had saved newspaper clippings throughout my whole childhood, whether winning a second grade spelling bee, marching with the Girl Scouts, you know, the Halloween parade, winning my college scholarship, or any of my sports victories, and he was using it, and integrating it into teaching resident students, med students from Hahnemann Medical School and Hershey Medical School."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他把我的这些故事叫做他课程中的X因素 叫做人类意志所激发的无穷潜力", "en": ["And he called this part of the course the X Factor, the potential of the human will."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "没有任何医疗诊断能够解释这种意志的威力有多么巨大 意志能影响一个人的生活质量", "en": ["No prognosis can account for how powerful this could be as a determinant in the quality of someone's life."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "基恩大夫继续对我说 “尽管有很多次别人都反驳我的观点，根据我的经历 对于孩子们，即使给予他们的支持很少 他们自己也能有所成就”", "en": ["And Dr. Kean went on to tell me, he said, \"In my experience, unless repeatedly told otherwise, and even if given a modicum of support, if left to their own devices, a child will achieve.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "看吧，基恩大夫的想法改变了", "en": ["See, Dr. Kean made that shift in thinking."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他认识到了医疗诊断的结果以及一个人处理这种结果的方式之间 是存在差异的", "en": ["He understood that there's a difference between the medical condition and what someone might do with it."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "几年来，我的想法也有了一定的转变 比如，如果你在我15岁的时候问我 愿不愿意用我现在的假肢换一双真腿 我会毫不犹豫地答应", "en": ["And there's been a shift in my thinking over time, in that, if you had asked me at 15 years old, if I would have traded prosthetics for flesh-and-bone legs, I wouldn't have hesitated for a second."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为我渴望得到那种“正统”", "en": ["I aspired to that kind of normalcy back then."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "但是如果你今天问我同样的问题，我就要三思了", "en": ["But if you ask me today, I'm not so sure."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这是因为我使用假肢的这段经历 对我的影响很大 也许，我已经由内而外地脱胎换骨了", "en": ["And it's because of the experiences I've had with them, not in spite of the experiences I've had with them."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为，在我所遇到的人里面 为我开启通向新世界的门的人远远多于给我心灵蒙上阴影的人", "en": ["And perhaps this shift in me has happened because I've been exposed to more people who have opened doors for me than those who have put lids and cast shadows on me."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "看吧，你们所需要的就是这样一个人 他能向你展示你自己的力量 人类的灵魂是包容的", "en": ["See, all you really need is one person to show you the epiphany of your own power, and you're off."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "如果你能够给他人一把钥匙，让他自己用这把钥匙开启自己的力量 并且在关键时刻，你能用这把钥匙为别人开启一扇门 你就是在用最好的方式对他们进行教育", "en": ["If you can hand somebody the key to their own power -- the human spirit is so receptive -- if you can do that and open a door for someone at a crucial moment, you are educating them in the best sense."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "因为你在教他们自己为自己开启通向新世界之门", "en": ["You're teaching them to open doors for themselves."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，“教育”这个词的意义 来源于“唤出”这个词", "en": ["In fact, the exact meaning of the word \"educate\" comes from the root word \"educe.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "“唤出”，即把深藏在里面的东西引出来 发掘潜能", "en": ["It means \"to bring forth what is within, to bring out potential.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "那么，我们究竟希望发掘出什么样的潜能呢", "en": ["So again, which potential do we want to bring out?"]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这里有个上世纪60年代英国的案例 英国的孩子从小学升到初中这一过程", "en": ["There was a case study done in 1960s Britain, when they were moving from grammar schools to comprehensive schools."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "在英国叫做“统考”，在美国我们管它叫“追踪考试”", "en": ["It's called the streaming trials. We call it \"tracking\" here in the States."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "考试把学生们按照成绩从高到低分成A、B、C、D四等", "en": ["It's separating students from A, B, C, D and so on."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "A等的学生学更难的课程，有更好的老师，等等", "en": ["And the \"A students\" get the tougher curriculum, the best teachers, etc."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个实验为期三个月 按照成绩应该被归为D等学生被告知他们是A等的学生 他们被告知自己是非常聪明的 三个月的实验结束的时候 这群学生的表现已经相当于A等生了", "en": ["Well, they took, over a three-month period, D-level students, gave them A's, told them they were \"A's,\" told them they were bright, and at the end of this three-month period, they were performing at A-level."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "当然，这个案例研究也有其令人心寒的另一面 那就是，那些本应该被归为A等的学生被告知他们是D等学生", "en": ["And, of course, the heartbreaking, flip side of this study, is that they took the \"A students\" and told them they were \"D's.\""]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "三个月的实验结束的时候", "en": ["And that's what happened at the end of that three-month period."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "他们中的很多人已经辍学了", "en": ["Those who were still around in school, besides the people who had dropped out."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "这个实验的一个要点就是，参与实验的老师们也是不知情的", "en": ["A crucial part of this case study was that the teachers were duped too."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "老师们不知道学生被调包了", "en": ["The teachers didn't know a switch had been made."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "老师们只是被告知哪些是A等生，哪些是D等生 老师也随即\"因材施教\"了", "en": ["They were simply told, \"These are the 'A-students,' these are the 'D-students.'\" And that's how they went about teaching them and treating them."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "所以，我认为真正的“残疾”是一个被击败的灵魂 一个对未来没有希望的灵魂 一个无法感知美好的灵魂 一个丧失了孩子般天真的好奇心的灵魂 一个丧失了人类与生俱来的想象力的灵魂", "en": ["So, I think that the only true disability is a crushed spirit, a spirit that's been crushed doesn't have hope, it doesn't see beauty, it no longer has our natural, childlike curiosity and our innate ability to imagine."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "假如，我们能够让人类的灵魂始终保持希望 让这灵魂能看到自己以及他人的美 赋予这灵魂好奇心以及想象力 那么我们就算是在很好地运用自己的力量了", "en": ["If instead, we can bolster a human spirit to keep hope, to see beauty in themselves and others, to be curious and imaginative, then we are truly using our power well."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "只要一个灵魂仍然具备上述的那些品质，那么它就能创造无限可能 以及新的生活方式", "en": ["When a spirit has those qualities, we are able to create new realities and new ways of being."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "我想在最后送给大家一首诗 诗的作者是十四世纪的波斯诗人哈菲斯 这首诗是我的一个朋友，雅克•邓波讲给我的 诗的名字叫《一个只知道四个字的神》 \"每个孩子都知道神的存在 不是有名字的神 不是给你施加种种金规玉律的神 而是一个只会说四个字，并且一遍又一遍重复着它们的神 祂在说，与我共舞", "en": ["I'd like to leave you with a poem by a fourteenth-century Persian poet named Hafiz that my friend, Jacques Dembois told me about, and the poem is called \"The God Who Only Knows Four Words\": \"Every child has known God, not the God of names, not the God of don'ts, but the God who only knows four words and keeps repeating them, saying, 'Come dance with me."]}}
{"translation": {"zh": "与我共舞！” 谢谢大家", "en": ["Come, dance with me. Come, dance with me.'\" Thank you."]}}