Datasets:
Tasks:
Text Generation
Modalities:
Text
Sub-tasks:
language-modeling
Languages:
English
Size:
10K - 100K
ArXiv:
Tags:
question-generation
License:
| saint bernadette soubirous | |
| a copper statue of christ | |
| the main building | |
| a marian place of prayer and reflection | |
| a golden statue of the virgin mary | |
| september 1876 | |
| twice | |
| the observer | |
| three | |
| 1987 | |
| rome | |
| moreau seminary | |
| old college | |
| retired priests and brothers | |
| buechner prize for preaching | |
| eight | |
| 1920 | |
| the college of science | |
| five | |
| the 1870s | |
| learning resource center | |
| five | |
| the first year of studies program | |
| u .s. news & world report | |
| 1924 | |
| master of divinity | |
| alliance for catholic education | |
| 1854 | |
| department of pre -professional studies | |
| joan b . kroc institute for international peace studies | |
| president emeritus of the university of notre dame | |
| 1986 | |
| ray kroc | |
| mcdonald 's | |
| 14 | |
| theodore m . hesburgh library | |
| 1963 | |
| millard sheets | |
| touchdown jesus | |
| 3 ,577 | |
| 19 .7 % | |
| the top 10 to 15 in the nation | |
| 39 .1 % | |
| more than 750 miles | |
| 18th overall | |
| 8th | |
| 1st overall | |
| usa today | |
| 57 .6 % | |
| father joseph carrier , c .s.c. | |
| 1851–1921 | |
| the science department | |
| evolution and dogma | |
| professor of chemistry and physics | |
| 1882 | |
| professor jerome green | |
| around 1899 | |
| father julius nieuwland | |
| an early wind tunnel | |
| the lobund institute | |
| the 1940s | |
| 1950 | |
| 1958 | |
| 1928 | |
| the review of politics | |
| german catholic journals | |
| 44 | |
| review of politics | |
| john jenkins | |
| notre dame | |
| international peace studies | |
| 2013 | |
| climate change | |
| 8 ,448 | |
| 21–24 % | |
| over 700 | |
| the holy cross missions in bangladesh | |
| 12 ,179 | |
| 80 % | |
| four | |
| 15 | |
| 20 % | |
| 14 | |
| congregatio a sancta cruce | |
| more than 93 % | |
| over 100 times | |
| fifty -seven | |
| over 80 % | |
| washington hall | |
| 1879 | |
| rev . william corby | |
| 17th of may | |
| lafortune student center | |
| scholastic and classical | |
| college of commerce | |
| father james burns | |
| three years | |
| harvard law school | |
| knute rockne | |
| 105 | |
| 1925 | |
| 13 | |
| three | |
| the protestant establishment | |
| the ku klux klan | |
| fr . matthew walsh | |
| a week -long klavern | |
| south bend | |
| father john francis o 'hara | |
| father john francis o 'hara | |
| laetare medal | |
| 1883 | |
| god | |
| more than half | |
| lobund institute for animal studies | |
| hall of liberal arts | |
| rev . john j . cavanaugh , c .s.c. | |
| medieval institute | |
| 1917–2015 | |
| 18 | |
| $9 million | |
| 1952–87 | |
| 950 | |
| coeducational | |
| dean of arts and letters | |
| vice president of student affairs | |
| 1971 | |
| saint mary 's college | |
| 1987–2005 | |
| 1240 | |
| $350 million | |
| more than $70 million | |
| 500 | |
| 2005 | |
| 17th | |
| malloy | |
| compton family ice arena | |
| $400m | |
| congregation of holy cross | |
| basilica of the sacred heart | |
| french revival | |
| luigi gregori | |
| 1896 | |
| fr . zahm | |
| 1950 | |
| joseph lafortune | |
| 83 ,000 square feet | |
| $1 .2 million | |
| 29 | |
| theodore hesburgh library | |
| almost 4 million | |
| duncan hall | |
| frank eck stadium | |
| 2008 | |
| 40 % | |
| sustainable endowments institute | |
| kroc institute for international peace studies | |
| 1968 | |
| 1 suffolk street in trafalgar square | |
| global gateways | |
| 1998 | |
| the college of arts and letters | |
| 1842 | |
| 1849 | |
| saint louis university | |
| 33 | |
| father patrick dillon | |
| 1865 | |
| six years | |
| jordan hall of science | |
| over 1 ,200 | |
| school of architecture | |
| bond hall | |
| five -year | |
| rome | |
| driehaus architecture prize | |
| 2015 | |
| the first floor of stanford hall | |
| over three million volumes | |
| one of the 100 largest | |
| the rise of hitler and other dictators | |
| germany | |
| classics and law | |
| max scheler | |
| a renowned sculptor | |
| university of notre dame du | |
| catholic research university | |
| our lady of the lake | |
| the virgin mary | |
| 1 ,250 | |
| its fighting irish football team | |
| knute rockne | |
| ncaa division i | |
| seven | |
| 13 | |
| among the top twenty | |
| four | |
| driehaus architecture prize | |
| more than 50 | |
| snite museum of art | |
| 1842 | |
| célestine guynemer de la hailandière | |
| the congregation of the holy cross | |
| november 26 , 1842 | |
| father stephen badin 's old log chapel | |
| 1849 | |
| 1865 | |
| father lemonnier | |
| 1879 | |
| 1873 | |
| ndtv | |
| one show | |
| wsnd -fm | |
| wvfi | |
| $215 million | |
| june 3 , 2008 | |
| kite realty | |
| the city of south bend | |
| non -union workers | |
| national collegiate athletic association | |
| horizon league | |
| midwest fencing conference | |
| hockey east | |
| big east conference | |
| the acc | |
| five | |
| central collegiate hockey association | |
| navy blue and gold rush | |
| leprechaun | |
| under armour | |
| almost $100 million | |
| 1846 | |
| oldest university band in continuous existence in the united states | |
| notre dame victory march | |
| michigan wolverines football team | |
| 1887 | |
| ohio state university | |
| usc | |
| the most | |
| george gipp | |
| the army team | |
| pat o 'brien | |
| gipp | |
| 80 ,795 | |
| two -story banner | |
| the drummers ' circle | |
| the steps of bond hall | |
| the notre dame victory march and the notre dame alma mater | |
| saturday | |
| over 1 ,600 | |
| 12 | |
| 28 | |
| austin carr | |
| mike brey | |
| john f . shea | |
| 1904 | |
| rev . michael j . shea | |
| 1928 | |
| onward to victory | |
| the gipper | |
| airplane! | |
| sean astin | |
| george zipp | |
| knute rockne | |
| condoleezza rice | |
| eric f . wieschaus | |
| rev . john jenkins | |
| olympic gold | |
| jim wetherbee | |
| in the late 1990s | |
| singing and dancing | |
| 2003 | |
| houston , texas | |
| late 1990s | |
| destiny 's child | |
| dangerously in love | |
| mathew knowles | |
| houston | |
| dangerously in love | |
| september 4 , 1981 | |
| beyoncé giselle knowles -carter | |
| late 1990s | |
| lead singer | |
| dangerously in love | |
| 2003 | |
| five | |
| lead singer | |
| dangerously in love | |
| 2003 | |
| acting | |
| jay z | |
| six | |
| dreamgirls | |
| 2010 | |
| beyoncé | |
| cadillac records | |
| june 2005 | |
| b 'day | |
| dreamgirls | |
| jay z | |
| sasha fierce | |
| love , relationships , and monogamy | |
| influential | |
| forbes | |
| 2000s | |
| forbes | |
| modern -day feminist | |
| 2013 and 2014 | |
| 118 million | |
| 60 million | |
| 118 million | |
| 20 | |
| forbes | |
| destiny 's child | |
| her mother 's maiden name | |
| african -american | |
| methodist | |
| xerox | |
| hairdresser and salon owner | |
| solange | |
| joseph broussard | |
| xerox | |
| salon | |
| solange | |
| joseph broussard. | |
| methodist | |
| fredericksburg | |
| darlette johnson | |
| houston | |
| dance instructor darlette johnson | |
| st . john 's united methodist church | |
| music magnet school | |
| imagine | |
| fredericksburg | |
| darlette johnson | |
| seven | |
| st . john 's united methodist church | |
| arne frager | |
| beyoncé 's father | |
| elektra records | |
| arne frager | |
| 1995 | |
| sony music | |
| elektra records | |
| age eight | |
| eight | |
| girl 's tyme | |
| arne frager | |
| 1995 | |
| dwayne wiggins 's grass roots entertainment | |
| men in black | |
| `` say my name '' | |
| marc nelson | |
| 1996 | |
| book of isaiah | |
| men in black | |
| say my name | |
| marc nelson | |
| book of isaiah. | |
| men in black. | |
| no , no , no | |
| 1999 | |
| marc nelson | |
| depression | |
| boyfriend left her | |
| her mother | |
| split with luckett and rober | |
| a couple of years | |
| her mother | |
| farrah franklin and michelle williams. | |
| beyoncé | |
| her mother | |
| farrah franklin | |
| independent women part i | |
| eleven | |
| mtv | |
| 663 ,000 copies | |
| georges bizet | |
| survivor | |
| charlie 's angels. | |
| carmen: a hip hopera | |
| survivor | |
| luckett and roberson | |
| october 2001 | |
| mike myers | |
| uk , norway , and belgium | |
| the fighting temptations | |
| missy elliott | |
| summertime | |
| austin powers in goldmember | |
| 73 million | |
| musical comedy | |
| fighting temptations | |
| mixed reviews | |
| austin powers in goldmember | |
| foxxy cleopatra | |
| work it out | |
| the fighting temptations | |
| fighting temptations | |
| number four | |
| dangerously in love | |
| 11 million | |
| crazy in love | |
| four | |
| jay z | |
| dangerously in love | |
| number four | |
| luther vandross | |
| jay z | |
| june 24 , 2003 | |
| crazy in love | |
| luther vandross. | |
| five. | |
| destiny fulfilled | |
| 2006 | |
| november 2003 | |
| destiny fulfilled | |
| barcelona | |
| march 2006 | |
| dangerously in love tour | |
| missy elliott and alicia keys | |
| super bowl xxxviii | |
| destiny fulfilled. | |
| 541 ,000 | |
| déjà vu | |
| five | |
| five | |
| twenty -fifth birthday | |
| jay z | |
| top five | |
| b 'day | |
| 541 ,000 | |
| jay z | |
| green light | |
| the pink panther | |
| dreamgirls | |
| dreamgirls | |
| 2007 | |
| 24 million | |
| 158 .8 million | |
| the beyoncé experience | |
| shakira | |
| the pink panther | |
| diana ross. | |
| listen | |
| the beyoncé experience | |
| shakira | |
| jay z | |
| november 18 , 2008 | |
| 2000s | |
| taylor swift | |
| 119 .5 million | |
| in a video montage | |
| march 2009 | |
| taylor swift | |
| 119 .5 million | |
| april 4 , 2008 | |
| jay z. | |
| sasha fierce | |
| single ladies | |
| kanye west | |
| etta james | |
| phoenix house | |
| at last | |
| thriller | |
| mtv movie award for best fight | |
| phoenix house | |
| obsessed | |
| sharon charles | |
| 60 million | |
| etta james | |
| phoenix house | |
| the first couple 's first inaugural ball. | |
| obsessed. | |
| ten | |
| lauryn hill | |
| lady gaga | |
| six | |
| mariah carey | |
| ten nominations | |
| telephone | |
| lady gaga | |
| mariah carey | |
| lauryn hill | |
| ten | |
| lauryn hill | |
| lady gaga | |
| mariah carey | |
| 2010 | |
| 2010 | |
| the great wall of china | |
| 2010 | |
| her mother | |
| during the break | |
| nine months | |
| a hiatus | |
| her mother | |
| her father | |
| nine months | |
| 2011 | |
| clinton bush haiti fund | |
| the 2011 glastonbury festival | |
| the huffington post | |
| minute | |
| documents obtained by wikileaks | |
| 2011 | |
| the huffington post | |
| glastonbury festival | |
| muammar gaddafi. | |
| wikileaks | |
| clinton bush haiti fund. | |
| pyramid stage | |
| 2011 | |
| love on top | |
| writing | |
| new york 's roseland ballroom | |
| june 28 , 2011 | |
| 310 ,000 copies | |
| new york association of black journalists | |
| 2011 | |
| 4 | |
| june 28 , 2011 | |
| 310 ,000 | |
| essence | |
| new york 's roseland ballroom | |
| january 7 , 2012 | |
| lenox hill hospital | |
| blue ivy carter | |
| revel atlantic city 's ovation hall | |
| january 7 , 2012 | |
| blue ivy carter | |
| five months | |
| four nights | |
| january 7 , 2012 | |
| blue ivy carter | |
| lenox hill hospital in new york. | |
| revel atlantic city 's ovation hall | |
| four | |
| romance | |
| life is but a dream | |
| global publishing agreement | |
| january 2013 | |
| nuclear | |
| president obama | |
| 268 ,000 tweets per minute | |
| january 2013 | |
| nuclear | |
| the american national anthem | |
| super bowl xlvii halftime show | |
| life is but a dream | |
| 132 | |
| the mrs . carter show | |
| rise up | |
| epic | |
| april 15 | |
| 2013 met gala | |
| queen tara | |
| rise up | |
| the mrs . carter show world tour | |
| 132 | |
| back to black | |
| met gala. | |
| queen tara | |
| the itunes store | |
| december 13 , 2013 | |
| the itunes store | |
| jay z | |
| forbes | |
| more than double her earnings | |
| december 13 , 2013 | |
| one million | |
| drunk in love | |
| on the run tour. | |
| three | |
| beck | |
| vogue | |
| coldplay | |
| three | |
| beck | |
| coldplay | |
| six awards | |
| vogue | |
| coldplay | |
| coldplay | |
| six | |
| three | |
| beck | |
| vogue | |
| coldplay | |
| tidal | |
| formation | |
| february 6 , 2016 | |
| exclusively | |
| tidal | |
| music streaming | |
| february 6 , 2016 | |
| tidal | |
| 300 million | |
| paris | |
| miscarriage | |
| jay z | |
| april 4 , 2008 | |
| 300 million | |
| wrote music | |
| paris | |
| '03 bonnie & clyde | |
| april 4 , 2008 | |
| 300 million | |
| miscarriage | |
| paris. | |
| mtv video music awards | |
| her pregnancy | |
| 12 .4 million | |
| 2011 mtv video music awards | |
| her appearance | |
| most tweets per second | |
| beyonce pregnant | |
| love on top | |
| 2011 mtv video music awards | |
| love on top | |
| 12 .4 million | |
| beyonce pregnant | |
| lifeandtimes .com | |
| glory | |
| blue ivy carter | |
| lenox hill hospital | |
| glory | |
| blue ivy carter | |
| b .i.c. | |
| january 7 , 2012 | |
| blue ivy carter | |
| glory | |
| blue ivy 's cries | |
| b .i.c. | |
| george zimmerman | |
| america the beautiful | |
| 4 million | |
| same sex marriage | |
| a rally | |
| america the beautiful | |
| america the beautiful | |
| at last | |
| tumblr | |
| same sex marriage | |
| vogue | |
| ban bossy campaign | |
| vogue | |
| april 2013 | |
| ban bossy | |
| flawless | |
| leadership in girls | |
| chimamanda ngozi adichie | |
| ban bossy | |
| the one campaign | |
| september 2015 | |
| women | |
| priorities | |
| 2015 | |
| angela merkel and nkosazana dlamini -zuma | |
| head of the g7 in germany | |
| september 2015 | |
| the one campaign | |
| angela merkel and nkosazana dlamini -zuma | |
| the head of the g7 in germany | |
| women | |
| freddie gray | |
| protesters | |
| freddie gray | |
| thousands of dollars | |
| madonna and celine dion | |
| highest -earning power couple | |
| 2014 | |
| 250 million | |
| madonna and celine dion | |
| forbes | |
| 2011 | |
| 115 million | |
| 250 million | |
| forbes | |
| april 2014. | |
| mtv | |
| 2013 | |
| four | |
| jody rosen | |
| the daily mail | |
| hip hop | |
| four octaves | |
| versatile | |
| hip hop | |
| praise her range and power | |
| four | |
| her vocal abilities | |
| tart | |
| the hip hop era | |
| r&b | |
| pop , soul and funk | |
| spanish | |
| re -release of b 'day | |
| rudy perez | |
| r&b | |
| english | |
| spanish | |
| b 'day | |
| r&b | |
| spanish | |
| rudy perez. | |
| b 'day. | |
| beats | |
| cater 2 u | |
| female -empowerment | |
| man -tending anthems | |
| co -producing credits | |
| melodies | |
| women | |
| co -producing | |
| melodies and ideas | |
| beyoncé | |
| american society of composers , authors , and publishers pop music awards | |
| diane warren | |
| top 20 hot 100 songwriters | |
| 2001 | |
| third | |
| billboard magazine | |
| third woman | |
| pop songwriter of the year award | |
| the american society of composers , authors , and publishers pop music awards. | |
| three | |
| 17 | |
| michael jackson | |
| five | |
| michael jackson | |
| vocal runs | |
| michael jackson | |
| vision of love | |
| michael jackson | |
| michael jackson | |
| diana ross | |
| whitney houston | |
| vision of love | |
| feminism and female empowerment | |
| josephine baker | |
| etta james | |
| dreamgirls | |
| boldness | |
| 2006 fashion rocks concert | |
| josephine baker. | |
| déjà vu | |
| michelle obama | |
| february 2013 | |
| oprah winfrey | |
| michelle obama | |
| a strong woman | |
| lyrical and raw | |
| to take control of her own career | |
| continuing inspiration | |
| first lady michelle obama | |
| oprah winfrey | |
| jean -michel basquiat | |
| madonna | |
| suga mama | |
| the mamas | |
| montina cooper -donnell , crystal collins and tiffany moniqué riddick | |
| 2006 | |
| suga mama | |
| suga mama | |
| 2006 bet awards | |
| suga mama | |
| suga mama | |
| b 'day | |
| the mamas | |
| the 2006 bet awards | |
| stage presence and voice | |
| l .a. reid | |
| stage presence | |
| jarett wieselman | |
| greatest entertainer alive | |
| she 's almost too good | |
| jarett wieselman | |
| l .a. reid | |
| sasha fierce | |
| making of `` crazy in love '' | |
| 2010 | |
| revel presents: beyoncé live | |
| too aggressive , too strong | |
| she would bring her back | |
| sasha fierce. | |
| 2008 | |
| crazy in love | |
| allure magazine | |
| wide -ranging | |
| touré | |
| bootylicious | |
| destiny 's child | |
| bootylicious | |
| bootylicious | |
| 2006 | |
| touré | |
| bootylicious | |
| 2006 | |
| sexily | |
| modelling | |
| tom ford 's spring/summer 2011 fashion show | |
| people | |
| january 2013 | |
| vh1 | |
| people | |
| complex | |
| 2013 | |
| number 1 | |
| 2010 | |
| people | |
| hottest female singer of all time | |
| madame tussauds wax museums | |
| her mother | |
| tyra banks | |
| destiny 's style | |
| 2007 | |
| tyra banks | |
| tyra banks | |
| people | |
| the bey hive | |
| the beyontourage | |
| bey hive | |
| beyontourage | |
| bey hive | |
| beyontourage | |
| beehive | |
| house of deréon | |
| l 'officiel | |
| blackface and tribal makeup | |
| 2006 | |
| for wearing and using fur | |
| l 'officiel | |
| in blackface and tribal makeup | |
| l 'officiel | |
| house of deréon. | |
| french fashion magazine | |
| african -american | |
| emmett price | |
| l 'oréal | |
| natural pictures be used | |
| it is categorically untrue | |
| costuming | |
| emmett price | |
| l 'oréal | |
| feria hair color advertisements | |
| h&m | |
| the guardian | |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 | |
| artist of the decade | |
| 2013 | |
| 2014 | |
| baz luhrmann | |
| jody rosen | |
| the guardian | |
| time 100 list | |
| baz luhrmann | |
| 2014 | |
| white rabbits | |
| gwyneth paltrow | |
| pepsi | |
| beyoncé 's pepsi commercial | |
| white rabbits | |
| work | |
| country strong | |
| white rabbits | |
| milk famous | |
| gwyneth paltrow | |
| country strong. | |
| nicki minaj | |
| crazy in love | |
| two | |
| 8 million | |
| fly | |
| july 2014 | |
| crazy in love | |
| earned two grammy awards | |
| around 8 million copies | |
| drake | |
| rolling stone | |
| drake | |
| a species of horse fly | |
| 15 million | |
| 118 million | |
| 64 | |
| 60 million | |
| beyoncé | |
| 15 million | |
| 118 million | |
| 60 million | |
| 2008 world music awards | |
| 64 certifications | |
| over 15 million | |
| over 118 million | |
| the recording industry association of america | |
| 64 | |
| the 2008 world music awards | |
| 20 | |
| alison krauss | |
| 52 | |
| six | |
| two | |
| 20 grammy awards | |
| 52 nominations | |
| 2010 | |
| adele | |
| 20 | |
| 52 | |
| `` single ladies -lrb -put a ring on it -rrb - '' | |
| dreamgirls | |
| pepsi | |
| 50 million | |
| the center for science in the public interest -lrb -cspinet -rrb- | |
| 70 | |
| 2002 | |
| britney spears , pink , and enrique iglesias | |
| endorse pepsi | |
| center for science in the public interest | |
| pepsi | |
| $50 million | |
| the center for science in the public interest -lrb -cspinet -rrb- | |
| netbase | |
| tommy hilfiger | |
| beyoncé | |
| heat | |
| 2013 | |
| 400 million | |
| heat | |
| 2011 | |
| pulse | |
| six editions | |
| diamonds | |
| 2010. | |
| heat | |
| six | |
| 18 | |
| starpower: beyoncé | |
| since the age of 18 | |
| 70 staff | |
| out of court | |
| starpower: beyoncé | |
| starpower: beyoncé | |
| gatefive | |
| 70 | |
| june 2013 | |
| fashion retailer topshop | |
| parkwood topshop athletic ltd | |
| activewear | |
| fall of 2015 | |
| topshop | |
| 2015 | |
| parkwood entertainment | |
| topshop | |
| london | |
| activewear | |
| march 30 , 2015 | |
| jay z | |
| march 30 , 2015 | |
| music streaming service | |
| low payout of royalties | |
| tidal. | |
| aspiro | |
| jay z | |
| spotify | |
| her mother | |
| agnèz deréon | |
| beyond productions | |
| sportswear , denim offerings with fur , outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear | |
| us and canada | |
| her mother | |
| 2005 | |
| grandmother , agnèz deréon | |
| in destiny 's child 's shows and tours | |
| her mother | |
| deréon. | |
| shoe | |
| brazil | |
| 2009 | |
| house of deréon collection | |
| sasha fierce for deréon | |
| may 27 , 2010 | |
| house of brands | |
| beyoncé fashion diva | |
| sasha fierce for deréon | |
| c&a | |
| dillard 's | |
| topshop | |
| autumn 2015 | |
| parkwood topshop athletic ltd | |
| 50 | |
| april 2016 | |
| topshop | |
| parkwood topshop athletic ltd | |
| activewear | |
| hurricane katrina | |
| 250 ,000 | |
| ike | |
| the survivor foundation | |
| $250 ,000 | |
| expanded to work with other charities | |
| survivor foundation | |
| $250 ,000. | |
| hurricane ike | |
| george clooney and wyclef jean | |
| brooklyn phoenix house | |
| god bless the usa | |
| $1 million | |
| beyoncé cosmetology center at the brooklyn phoenix house | |
| new york police and fire widows ' and children 's benefit fund | |
| hope for haiti now: a global benefit | |
| george clooney and wyclef jean | |
| beyoncé cosmetology center | |
| god bless the usa | |
| sandy hook elementary school shooting | |
| i was here | |
| miss a meal | |
| london | |
| her mother | |
| sandy hook elementary school shooting. | |
| spread female empowerment | |
| catapult | |
| demand a plan | |
| sandy hook elementary school | |
| i was here | |
| salma hayek and frida giannini | |
| spanish word montaña -lrb -mountain -rrb- | |
| 4th | |
| 44th | |
| 77 | |
| from the spanish word montaña | |
| 1908 | |
| 1949 | |
| 1981 | |
| grizzly bear | |
| maiasaura | |
| 1910 | |
| oro y plata | |
| `` gold and silver '' | |
| 1865 | |
| 1895 | |
| bitterroot | |
| 35 percent | |
| 56 | |
| billings | |
| missoula and great falls | |
| `` mountain '' | |
| montaña del norte | |
| 147 ,040 square miles | |
| wyoming | |
| idaho | |
| western half of the state | |
| about 60 percent | |
| north | |
| hudson bay. | |
| over 10 ,000 feet | |
| granite peak | |
| 12 ,799 feet | |
| one | |
| 1996 | |
| 59 to 41. | |
| 29 to 21 | |
| a swing state | |
| 1992 | |
| 60 percent | |
| 40 percent | |
| bozeman yellowstone international airport | |
| 2013 | |
| bnsf railway | |
| 1880s | |
| rocky mountain elk foundation | |
| spring | |
| wolves and mountain lions | |
| 1930s | |
| federation of fly fishers | |
| trout and kokanee salmon fisheries | |
| a river runs through it | |
| april 26 , 1864 | |
| 1862 | |
| $1 .75 | |
| 1886 | |
| 450 | |
| hudson bay | |
| triple divide peak in glacier national park. | |
| pacific ocean | |
| jefferson , madison and gallatin rivers | |
| three forks | |
| north | |
| 1976 | |
| north | |
| north dakota | |
| at least 3 ,223 | |
| flathead lake | |
| fort peck reservoir | |
| missouri river | |
| approximately 25 percent | |
| 90 | |
| grizzly bear | |
| five | |
| at least 17 | |
| 15 inches | |
| 34 .70 inches | |
| 105 inches | |
| 7 | |
| 6 .9 percent | |
| no | |
| approximately 66 ,000 | |
| 1851 | |
| 1887 | |
| great falls | |
| 63 % | |
| german | |
| a mining camp | |
| 6 .5 percent | |
| big horn , glacier , and roosevelt | |
| 1980 and 1990 | |
| 2007 | |
| july | |
| forest fires | |
| 1855 | |
| isaac stevens | |
| 1859 | |
| flathead indian reservation | |
| camp cooke | |
| on the missouri river | |
| 1876 | |
| 1877 | |
| english | |
| 94 .8 percent | |
| spanish | |
| 13 ,040 | |
| about 1 ,700 | |
| 89 .4 percent | |
| 6 .3 percent | |
| 2.9 | |
| 1 ,032 ,949 | |
| 4 .40 % | |
| gallatin county | |
| kalispell | |
| 1917 | |
| 1941 | |
| smokejumpers and for other forest fire -fighting duties. | |
| over 13 million | |
| about 325 | |
| general philip sheridan | |
| 1875 | |
| 1881 | |
| 1882 | |
| 1871 , 1872 and 1873 | |
| 1876 | |
| 1883 | |
| 1866 | |
| bid for statehood | |
| 1884 | |
| 1889 | |
| north dakota , south dakota and washington | |
| 1862 | |
| 160 acres | |
| 1868 | |
| 1877 | |
| 640 acres | |
| $ .25 | |
| james j . hill | |
| 1902 | |
| 1909 | |
| 320 acres | |
| 1917 | |
| 1918 | |
| criminalized criticism of the u .s. government , military , or symbols through speech or other means | |
| 200 | |
| 78 | |
| 40 ,000 -plus | |
| over 57 ,000 | |
| at least 1500 | |
| first special service force or `` devil 's brigade , '' | |
| great falls , lewistown , cut bank and glasgow | |
| entire human groups | |
| that group | |
| `` in whole or in part '' | |
| prosecutor v . radislav krstic | |
| opinions of respected commentators | |
| that biological -physical destruction was necessary | |
| the type of group destruction | |
| germany | |
| convention states municipal laws | |
| the judgements of several international and municipal courts | |
| the convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide | |
| nazi germany | |
| lemkin | |
| united nations general assembly | |
| provide a legal definition of the crime | |
| political killings | |
| ussr | |
| international intervention in domestic politics | |
| william schabas | |
| its own great purge | |
| majority of legal scholars | |
| national , racial , religious or ethnic | |
| jorgic v . germany | |
| biological -physical | |
| as a descriptive term | |
| lemming | |
| international relations and community | |
| australian | |
| `` ritualcide '' | |
| ritualcide | |
| anthropologist | |
| language , culture , and economic infrastructure | |
| legal aspect of the term | |
| a crime | |
| the deliberate killing of a certain group | |
| officials in power of a state or area | |
| the peace of westphalia | |
| genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power | |
| ethnic , national , racial and in some instances religious groups | |
| 1648 | |
| 1944 | |
| the word genocide is the combination of the greek prefix geno - -lrb -meaning tribe or race -rrb - and caedere -lrb -the latin word for to kill -rrb-. | |
| a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them | |
| raphael lemkin | |
| winston churchill | |
| 1944 | |
| as `` a crime without a name '' | |
| raphael lemkin | |
| greek prefix geno - -lrb -meaning tribe or race -rrb - and caedere -lrb -the latin word for to kill -rrb- | |
| to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them | |
| when the targeted part is substantial enough | |
| the numeric size | |
| absolute terms | |
| prominence within the group | |
| perpetrators ' access to the victims | |
| historical examples of genocide | |
| possible extent of their reach | |
| the opportunity presented to him | |
| inform the analysis | |
| 12 january 1951 | |
| 20 | |
| only two | |
| the united kingdom | |
| four | |
| a diplomatic compromise | |
| a research tool | |
| international legal credibility | |
| alternative definitions | |
| jonassohn and björnson | |
| their focus | |
| frank chalk | |
| r . j . rummel | |
| ted gurr | |
| social and political groups | |
| the soviet invasion and the afghan response | |
| political groups | |
| genocide | |
| intends to destroy a group | |
| policies | |
| victimized groups | |
| politicides | |
| nationality | |
| pogroms | |
| murder by government | |
| religious group | |
| convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide | |
| eliminate the group | |
| preventing births | |
| adrian gallagher | |
| collective power | |
| intent | |
| group identity | |
| destroyed | |
| acts of genocide | |
| both in peace and wartime | |
| no claim of genocide could be brought against them | |
| the united states | |
| norway | |
| convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide | |
| humanity | |
| crimes like murder | |
| the holocaust | |
| raphael lemkin | |
| european court of human rights | |
| wider interpretation of genocide | |
| ethnic cleansing | |
| expel muslims and croats from their homes | |
| the icty | |
| about 30 | |
| several plea bargains | |
| conspiracy to commit genocide | |
| aiding and abetting genocide | |
| german courts | |
| he died | |
| belgrade | |
| radovan karadžić and ratko mladić | |
| genocide or complicity in genocide | |
| slobodan milošević | |
| international criminal tribunal for rwanda -lrb -ictr -rrb- | |
| april 1994 | |
| the security council of the united nations | |
| serious violations of the international law | |
| rwandan citizens | |
| situation in darfur | |
| colin powell | |
| the senate foreign relations committee | |
| an international commission of inquiry on darfur | |
| genocidal policy | |
| prosecutor of the international criminal court | |
| the commission report | |
| the united states | |
| his fourth report | |
| structural conditions | |
| psychological and social | |
| ervin staub | |
| devaluation of the group | |
| humanizing a devalued group | |
| resistance of bacteria | |
| evolution | |
| 1943 | |
| penicillin and erythromycin | |
| evolutionary processes | |
| survive high doses of antibiotics | |
| 1943 | |
| luria–delbrück | |
| concentration | |
| bacterial infection | |
| bacterial growth phase | |
| division of bacterial cells | |
| concentration | |
| host defense mechanisms , the location of infection , and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial | |
| several pharmacological parameters are used as markers of drug efficacy | |
| bacterial functions or growth processes | |
| penicillins and cephalosporins | |
| polymyxins | |
| -lrb -macrolides , lincosamides and tetracyclines | |
| mechanism of action | |
| penicillins and cephalosporins | |
| polymyxins | |
| four | |
| mechanism of action , chemical structure , or spectrum of activity | |
| semisynthetic modifications | |
| beta -lactam antibiotics | |
| aminoglycosides | |
| synthesis | |
| various natural compounds | |
| 2000 atomic mass units | |
| penicillins | |
| fungi | |
| tuberculosis | |
| overuse , especially in livestock raising , prompting bacteria to develop resistance | |
| world health organization | |
| 20th century | |
| anyone , of any age , in any country | |
| develop resistance | |
| world health organization | |
| 20th | |
| antibiotic resistance | |
| vaccination | |
| 20th century | |
| develop resistance | |
| world health organization | |
| every region of the world | |
| 20th century | |
| antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance | |
| livestock raising | |
| tuberculosis | |
| empirical therapy | |
| laboratory | |
| broad spectrum antibiotic | |
| while the microorgainsim is being identified | |
| several days | |
| broad spectrum antibiotic | |
| a patient has proven or suspected infection , but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified | |
| before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim | |
| fever and nausea | |
| disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora | |
| yeast | |
| a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid | |
| alter the host microbiota | |
| negative effects | |
| clinical use | |
| microbial organisms | |
| adverse effects | |
| host microbiota | |
| negative effects on humans or other mammals | |
| fever and nausea to major allergic reactions , including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis | |
| diarrhea | |
| overgrowth of yeast | |
| additional side -effects | |
| increased body mass | |
| subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment | |
| penicillin , vancomycin , penicillin and vancomycin , or chlortetracycline | |
| unclear | |
| weighed against the beneficial effects | |
| increased body mass | |
| early life | |
| unclear | |
| the majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills | |
| about 1 % | |
| reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon | |
| inconclusive and controversial | |
| extra contraceptive measures | |
| contraceptive pills | |
| about 1 % | |
| absorption of estrogens | |
| oral contraceptives | |
| antibiotics do interfere | |
| extra contraceptive measures | |
| about 1 % | |
| decreased effectiveness | |
| moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics | |
| there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side -effects | |
| widespread | |
| decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy | |
| alcohol consumption | |
| alcohol and antibiotics | |
| alcohol | |
| specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side -effects | |
| alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed | |
| intrinsic antibacterial resistance | |
| antibacterial resistance genes | |
| antibiotic target | |
| vertical transmission | |
| mutation | |
| vertical transmission of mutations | |
| carry several different resistance genes | |
| superbugs | |
| tuberculosis | |
| half a million | |
| mdr -tb | |
| inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse | |
| self prescription | |
| overuse of antibiotics | |
| prophylactic antibiotics | |
| failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage | |
| failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic , incorrect dosage and administration , or failure to rest for sufficient recovery | |
| inappropriate antibiotic treatment | |
| prescribe antibiotics | |
| us interagency task force on antimicrobial resistance | |
| us centers for disease control and prevention , the food and drug administration -lrb -fda -rrb - , and the national institutes of health -lrb -nih -rrb- | |
| 2002 | |
| 2003 | |
| swann report 1969 | |
| american society for microbiology -lrb -asm -rrb - , american public health association -lrb -apha -rrb - and the american medical association -lrb -ama -rrb- | |
| s .742 and h .r. 2562 | |
| american holistic nurses ' association , the american medical association , and the american public health association -lrb -apha -rrb- | |
| animal husbandry | |
| 1977 | |
| march 2012 | |
| medicinal folklore | |
| over 2000 years ago | |
| mold and plant materials and extracts | |
| against life | |
| jean paul vuillemin | |
| mold | |
| alexander fleming | |
| penicillin | |
| chemotherapy | |
| prontosil | |
| ig farben | |
| gerhard domagk | |
| 1939 nobel prize for medicine | |
| tyrothricin | |
| 1939 | |
| start of world war ii , | |
| rene dubos | |
| wounds and ulcers | |
| 1942 | |
| 1945 | |
| norman heatley | |
| 1945 | |
| dorothy crowfoot hodgkin | |
| immune modulation or augmentation | |
| antibacterial vaccines | |
| vaccines made from attenuated whole cells or lysates | |
| phage therapy | |
| infecting pathogenic bacteria | |
| phages will infect `` good '' bacteria | |
| 2 | |
| seven | |
| 2013 | |
| fda | |
| economic incentives | |
| superbugs | |
| allan coukell , | |
| polish and french | |
| romantic era | |
| solo piano | |
| duchy of warsaw | |
| 20 | |
| 1810 | |
| romantic era | |
| warsaw | |
| solo piano | |
| 20 | |
| 17 october 1849 | |
| fryderyk franciszek chopin | |
| solo piano | |
| romantic era | |
| 1810 | |
| warsaw | |
| 20 | |
| romantic | |
| 1849 | |
| 21 | |
| 30 | |
| 1835 | |
| majorca | |
| tuberculosis | |
| paris | |
| 30 | |
| franz liszt | |
| 1835 | |
| maria wodzińska | |
| 21 | |
| 30 | |
| 1835 | |
| jane stirling | |
| 1835 | |
| jane stirling | |
| tuberculosis | |
| piano | |
| instrumental ballade | |
| j . s . bach , mozart and schubert | |
| nuance and sensitivity | |
| paris salons | |
| piano | |
| instrumental ballade | |
| nuance and sensitivity | |
| j . s . bach , mozart and schubert | |
| polish | |
| piano | |
| polish | |
| nuance and sensitivity | |
| j . s . bach , mozart and schubert | |
| piano | |
| polish | |
| paris salons | |
| indirect | |
| his love life and his early death | |
| romantic era | |
| films and biographies | |
| france | |
| poland | |
| political insurrection | |
| romantic era | |
| france | |
| political insurrection | |
| romantic era | |
| żelazowa wola | |
| 22 february 1810 | |
| 1 march | |
| fridericus franciscus | |
| 29 | |
| żelazowa wola | |
| napoleon | |
| 22 february 1810 | |
| 1 march | |
| fridericus franciscus | |
| napoleon | |
| 22 february 1810 | |
| 1 march | |
| fridericus franciscus | |
| żelazowa wola | |
| napoleon | |
| justyna krzyżanowska | |
| 23 april 1810 | |
| polish | |
| nicolas | |
| lorraine | |
| justyna krzyżanowska | |
| fryderyk skarbek | |
| ludwika | |
| nicolas | |
| lorraine | |
| ludwika | |
| october | |
| french | |
| the palace grounds | |
| flute and violin | |
| illnesses | |
| october 1810 | |
| warsaw lyceum | |
| flute and violin | |
| piano | |
| six months | |
| french | |
| flute and violin | |
| piano | |
| saxon palace. | |
| wojciech żywny | |
| ludwika | |
| 7 | |
| two polonaises | |
| a polonaise in a -flat major of 1821 | |
| wojciech żywny | |
| ludwika | |
| 7 | |
| 1817 | |
| 1816 to 1821 | |
| wojciech żywny | |
| ludwika | |
| 7 | |
| wojciech żywny | |
| 1817 | |
| warsaw university | |
| kazimierz palace | |
| belweder palace | |
| nasze przebiegi | |
| 1817 | |
| kazimierz palace | |
| grand duke constantine | |
| a march | |
| julian ursyn niemcewicz | |
| belweder palace | |
| grand duke constantine | |
| a march | |
| julian ursyn niemcewicz | |
| 1823 to 1826 | |
| józef elsner | |
| eolomelodicon | |
| alexander i | |
| 10 june 1825 | |
| wilhelm würfel | |
| józef elsner | |
| eolomelodicon | |
| diamond ring | |
| rondo op . 1 | |
| wilhelm würfel | |
| józef elsner | |
| eolomelodicon | |
| a diamond ring. | |
| rondo op . 1. | |
| dominik dziewanowski | |
| szafarnia | |
| his family | |
| warsaw newspapers | |
| dominik dziewanowski | |
| polish rural folk music | |
| dominik dziewanowski | |
| the szafarnia courier | |
| szafarnia | |
| 1827 | |
| krakowskie przedmieście | |
| 1830 | |
| a museum | |
| ambroży mieroszewski | |
| 1827 | |
| 1830 | |
| boarding house for male students | |
| ambroży mieroszewski | |
| sister emilia | |
| 1830 | |
| chopin family parlour | |
| ambroży mieroszewski | |
| male | |
| jan matuszyński and julian fontana | |
| konstancja gładkowska | |
| tytus woyciechowski , jan nepomucen białobłocki , jan matuszyński and julian fontana | |
| konstancja gładkowska | |
| piano concerto no . 1 -lrb -in e minor -rrb- | |
| july 1829 | |
| jan matuszyński and julian fontana | |
| konstancja gładkowska | |
| tytus woyciechowski | |
| piano concerto no . 1 -lrb -in e minor -rrb- | |
| four | |
| feliks jarocki | |
| gaspare spontini | |
| prince antoni radziwiłł | |
| introduction and polonaise brillante in c major for cello and piano , op . 3 | |
| september 1828 | |
| feliks jarocki | |
| gaspare spontini | |
| prince antoni radziwiłł | |
| introduction and polonaise brillante in c major for cello and piano , op . 3 | |
| 1828 | |
| feliks jarocki | |
| zoologist | |
| gaspare spontini | |
| 1829 | |
| souvenir de paganini | |
| august | |
| two | |
| 17 march 1830 | |
| souvenir de paganini | |
| vienna | |
| piano concerto no . 2 in f minor , op . 21 | |
| september 1829 | |
| accustomed to the piano -bashing of local artists | |
| niccolò paganini | |
| vienna | |
| two | |
| three | |
| 2 november 1830 | |
| austria | |
| 1830 | |
| zdzisław jachimecki | |
| zdzisław jachimecki | |
| woyciechowski | |
| italy | |
| the november 1830 uprising | |
| western europe | |
| woyciechowski | |
| 1830 | |
| `` i curse the moment of my departure . '' | |
| 1831 | |
| the polish great emigration | |
| french | |
| 1835 | |
| friends and confidants | |
| polish | |
| september 1831 | |
| polish great emigration | |
| 1835 | |
| adam zamoyski | |
| poland | |
| france | |
| french | |
| adam zamoyski | |
| polish great emigration | |
| paris | |
| adam mickiewicz | |
| songs | |
| adam mickiewicz | |
| hector berlioz , franz liszt , ferdinand hiller , heinrich heine , eugène delacroix , and alfred de vigny | |
| adam mickiewicz | |
| principal of the polish literary society | |
| julian fontana | |
| albert grzymała | |
| elder brother | |
| julian fontana | |
| polish | |
| england | |
| england | |
| albert grzymała | |
| albert grzymała | |
| julian fontana | |
| warsaw conservatory | |
| robert schumann | |
| 26 february 1832 | |
| intimate keyboard technique | |
| his father | |
| robert schumann | |
| 26 february 1832 | |
| rothschild | |
| 1831 | |
| keyboard technique | |
| publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students | |
| his own paris apartment for small groups of friends | |
| pianos | |
| salle pleyel | |
| hexameron | |
| maurice schlesinger | |
| adolphe gutmann | |
| apartment | |
| liszt and hiller | |
| maurice schlesinger | |
| felix mendelssohn | |
| playing and discussing music | |
| friedrich wilhelm schadow | |
| carlsbad | |
| the lower rhenish music festival | |
| hiller | |
| carlsbad | |
| july 1836 | |
| countess wodzińska | |
| felix mendelssohn | |
| düsseldorf | |
| director of the academy of art | |
| maria | |
| woyciechowski | |
| herz , liszt , hiller | |
| liszt | |
| 26 february 1832 | |
| woyciechowski | |
| the salle pleyel | |
| 38 rue de la chaussée -d 'antin | |
| a few blocks | |
| seven | |
| harriet smithson | |
| salle pleyel and the paris conservatory | |
| 2 april 1833 | |
| the beethoven memorial in bonn | |
| salle pleyel and the paris conservatory | |
| the hôtel de france on the rue lafitte | |
| seven | |
| harriet smithson | |
| love -hate relationship | |
| theatricality , showmanship and success | |
| an apology | |
| my friend liszt | |
| op . 10 études | |
| marie d 'agoult | |
| liszt | |
| liszt | |
| marie d 'agoult | |
| hiller | |
| george sand | |
| marie d 'agoult | |
| my tragedy | |
| grzymała | |
| george sand | |
| his poor health | |
| my tragedy | |
| marie d 'agoult | |
| 1837 | |
| my tragedy | |
| grzymała | |
| london | |
| his association with sand began in earnest | |
| six | |
| miserable | |
| valldemossa | |
| camille pleyel | |
| piano maker | |
| six years | |
| félicien mallefille | |
| a former carthusian monastery | |
| june 1838 | |
| majorca | |
| sand 's two children | |
| félicien mallefille. | |
| a former carthusian monastery | |
| three | |
| piano | |
| best possible condition | |
| 3 | |
| december | |
| his bad health | |
| his pleyel piano | |
| december | |
| pleyel | |
| bad weather | |
| canuts | |
| marseilles | |
| nohant | |
| square d 'orléans | |
| the canuts | |
| marseilles | |
| nohant | |
| 5 rue tronchet | |
| square d 'orléans | |
| the bad weather | |
| the canuts. | |
| marseilles | |
| square d 'orléans | |
| nohant | |
| berlioz 's grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale | |
| tenth | |
| adolphe nourrit | |
| organ | |
| franz schubert 's lied die gestirne | |
| adolphe nourrit | |
| franz schubert 's lied die gestirne. | |
| berlioz 's grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale | |
| the july revolution. | |
| polonaise in a -flat major , op . 53 | |
| pauline viardot | |
| 7 june 1842 | |
| piano technique and composition | |
| delacroix and the mezzo -soprano pauline viardot | |
| piano technique and composition. | |
| delacroix | |
| 1842 | |
| grzymała | |
| beethoven seventh symphony arrangement at erard 's | |
| piano | |
| temporal lobe epilepsy | |
| 1842 | |
| beethoven seventh symphony arrangement | |
| temporal lobe epilepsy | |
| from 1842 onwards | |
| mouth and tonsils | |
| alkan | |
| charles hallé | |
| temporal lobe epilepsy. | |
| auguste clésinger | |
| radical political pursuits | |
| third child | |
| lucrezia floriani | |
| 1847 | |
| 1846 | |
| auguste clésinger | |
| lucrezia floriani | |
| auguste clésinger. | |
| nurse | |
| lucrezia floriani | |
| 1847 | |
| op . 58 sonata | |
| more refined than many of his earlier compositions | |
| a dozen | |
| six | |
| op . 58 sonata | |
| six | |
| six shorter pieces | |
| three mazurkas | |
| february 1848 | |
| auguste franchomme | |
| february 1848 | |
| auguste franchomme | |
| struggle financially. | |
| auguste franchomme | |
| cello | |
| bbc | |
| angelo bozzolini and roberto prosseda | |
| the women behind the music | |
| bbc | |
| chopin – the women behind the music | |
| angelo bozzolini and roberto prosseda | |
| angelo bozzolini and roberto prosseda | |
| a song to remember | |
| cornel wilde | |
| 1928 | |
| hugh grant | |
| george sand | |
| a song to remember | |
| cornel wilde | |
| pierre blanchar | |
| hugh grant | |
| 1901 | |
| milan | |
| giacomo orefice | |
| chopin | |
| opera | |
| giacomo orefice | |
| 1901. | |
| milan | |
| leon ulrich | |
| marcel proust and andré gide | |
| sonnet | |
| sonnet on chopin by leon ulrich | |
| 1830 | |
| english | |
| every five years. | |
| grand prix du disque de f . chopin | |
| the new york times | |
| the warsaw chopin society | |
| every five years. | |
| the new york times | |
| 1895 | |
| nocturne in e major op . 62 no . 2 | |
| paul pabst | |
| the british library | |
| 1895 | |
| methuen -campbell | |
| international chopin piano competition | |
| 1927 | |
| warsaw | |
| every five years | |
| 1 ,500 | |
| the international chopin piano competition | |
| 1927 | |
| the fryderyk chopin institute of poland | |
| nearly 1 ,500 | |
| chopiniana | |
| michel fokine | |
| les sylphides | |
| alexander glazunov | |
| 1909 | |
| chopiniana | |
| michel fokine | |
| alexander glazunov. | |
| les sylphides. | |
| london | |
| jane stirling | |
| london | |
| jane stirling and her elder sister | |
| jane stirling | |
| revolution | |
| scottish | |
| dover street | |
| broadwood | |
| stafford house | |
| queen victoria and prince albert | |
| 7 july | |
| dover street | |
| a grand piano. | |
| queen victoria and prince albert. | |
| piano lessons | |
| viardot | |
| scotland | |
| adam łyszczyński | |
| scotland | |
| glasgow | |
| will | |
| 16 november 1848 | |
| guildhall | |
| polish refugees. | |
| terminal | |
| london 's guildhall | |
| delfina potocka | |
| chaillot | |
| princess obreskoff | |
| november | |
| delfina potocka | |
| chaillot | |
| princess obreskoff. | |
| june 1849 | |
| june 1849 | |
| place vendôme 12 | |
| his sister | |
| her husband and daughter | |
| jane stirling | |
| to faint | |
| fear of being buried alive | |
| `` no longer '' | |
| clésinger | |
| fear of being buried alive | |
| a cast of his left hand. | |
| tuberculosis | |
| jean cruveilhier | |
| dna testing | |
| tuberculosis | |
| jean cruveilhier | |
| cystic fibrosis | |
| the polish government. | |
| church of the madeleine | |
| two weeks | |
| over 3 ,000 | |
| the church of the madeleine in paris | |
| two weeks | |
| over 3 ,000 | |
| mozart 's requiem | |
| louis lefébure -wély | |
| prince adam czartoryski | |
| funeral march from chopin 's piano sonata no . 2 | |
| mozart 's requiem | |
| louis lefébure -wély | |
| père lachaise cemetery | |
| prince adam czartoryski | |
| the funeral march from chopin 's piano sonata no . 2 | |
| clésinger | |
| euterpe | |
| 5 ,000 francs | |
| jane stirling | |
| alcohol | |
| clésinger. | |
| 5 ,000 francs | |
| jane stirling | |
| sister | |
| sand | |
| over 230 | |
| piano | |
| over 230 | |
| chamber music. | |
| clementi | |
| clementi | |
| bach and mozart | |
| haydn | |
| john field | |
| ballades and scherzi | |
| nocturne | |
| ballades and scherzi | |
| concert étude | |
| liszt , clementi and moscheles | |
| seven | |
| nine | |
| mazurkas | |
| faster tempos | |
| greater range of melody and expression. | |
| concert hall | |
| the mazurka | |
| nine | |
| waltzes | |
| the revolutionary étude | |
| funeral march | |
| sonata no . 2 | |
| one | |
| revolutionary étude | |
| minute waltz | |
| 65 | |
| julian fontana | |
| 23 | |
| 17 | |
| 65 | |
| julian fontana | |
| 1857 | |
| krystyna kobylańska | |
| 1857 | |
| alternative catalogue designations | |
| the kobylańska catalogue | |
| kk | |
| krystyna kobylańska. | |
| breitkopf & härtel | |
| jan ekier | |
| original publishers | |
| popular 19th -century piano anthologies. | |
| paderewski | |
| jan ekier | |
| improvisation | |
| the four -bar phrase | |
| improvisation | |
| nicholas temperley | |
| his flexible handling of the four -bar phrase as a structural unit. | |
| the barcarolle op . 60 | |
| the four ballades and four scherzos | |
| departure and return | |
| folk features | |
| straightforward ternary or episodic form , sometimes with a coda. | |
| mazurkas | |
| drone bass | |
| a canon at one beat 's distance | |
| triple time | |
| elsner | |
| martial | |
| formidable | |
| 21 | |
| agitated expression | |
| field | |
| 1833 | |
| nocturnes | |
| études | |
| straightforward ternary | |
| études | |
| the well -tempered clavier | |
| kenneth hamilton | |
| the preludes | |
| j .s. bach 's the well -tempered clavier | |
| generic preludes to others of his pieces | |
| ferruccio busoni | |
| four | |
| kornel michałowski and jim samson | |
| four | |
| the last movement | |
| op . 58 | |
| claude debussy | |
| harmonic innovations | |
| temperley | |
| independent finger technique | |
| léon escudier | |
| his projet de méthode | |
| karol szymanowski | |
| national modes and idioms | |
| nikolai zverev | |
| karol szymanowski | |
| alexander scriabin | |
| nikolai zverev | |
| jonathan bellman | |
| rigid procedures | |
| `` always crescendo to a high note '' | |
| hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art | |
| berlioz | |
| hiller | |
| rubato | |
| the practice in performance of disregarding strict time | |
| rubato | |
| mazurkas | |
| friederike müller | |
| friederike müller | |
| rhythm. | |
| sense of nationalism | |
| 1836 | |
| poland | |
| the failure of the november 1830 | |
| carolyne zu sayn -wittgenstein | |
| polonaises | |
| schumann | |
| flowers | |
| carolyne zu sayn -wittgenstein | |
| barbara milewski | |
| michał kleofas ogiński and franciszek lessel | |
| richard taruskin | |
| intuitive | |
| freedom | |
| europe and the new world | |
| byronic flamboyance | |
| liszt and henri herz | |
| paris | |
| arthur hutchings | |
| carnaval | |
| ballade no . 2 in f major | |
| six | |
| alkan | |
| qualities as a pianist and composer | |
| carnaval | |
| ballade no . 2 in f major | |
| liszt | |
| debussy | |
| jacques durand | |
| raoul koczalski | |
| chopin 's | |
| mainland chinese scholars | |
| horse trade | |
| 1402–1424 | |
| deshin shekpa | |
| the karma kagyu school | |
| nepal | |
| armed resistance | |
| the mongols | |
| the ganden phodrang | |
| 1578 | |
| the 9th century | |
| the yarlung rulers of tibet | |
| the borders between tibet and china | |
| tibet | |
| 821 | |
| 907–960 | |
| 960–1279 | |
| song dynasty | |
| the khitan | |
| jurchen | |
| genghis khan | |
| ögedei khan | |
| 1229–1241 | |
| ögedei khan | |
| godan | |
| sakya pandita | |
| töregene khatun | |
| 1241–1246 | |
| thirteen | |
| khagan | |
| ögedei khan | |
| karma pakshi | |
| the phagpa lama | |
| 1279 | |
| 1271–1368 | |
| the yuan dynasty | |
| universal rule | |
| china | |
| 1358 | |
| the mongols in tibet | |
| the phagmodru myriarch tai situ changchub gyaltsen | |
| the phagmodrupa dynasty | |
| zhu yuanzhang | |
| the red turban rebellion | |
| zhu yuanzhang | |
| 1368–1398 | |
| yuan officeholders | |
| rolpe dorje | |
| rolpe dorje | |
| the buddhist link between tibet and china | |
| disciples | |
| ming government | |
| 1402–1424 | |
| the yongle emperor | |
| 1644–1912 | |
| 1739 | |
| é -lì -sī army -civilian marshal office | |
| seventeen qianhu offices | |
| western tibet | |
| three | |
| tai situ changchub gyaltsen | |
| tai situ changchub gyaltsen | |
| turrell v . wylie | |
| tibet | |
| morris rossabi | |
| historian tsepon w . d . shakabpa | |
| wang jiawei and nyima gyaincain | |
| wang and nyima | |
| 1371 | |
| princes | |
| imperial edicts | |
| journalist and author thomas laird | |
| the british | |
| the government viewpoint of the people 's republic of china | |
| a mongol dynasty of china | |
| the line of mongol rulers in china | |
| a non -chinese polity | |
| rossabi | |
| 1271 to 1368 | |
| 1311–1320 | |
| a licensed border market | |
| the mongols and other ethnicities | |
| the ming | |
| the general of the ngari military and civil wanhu office | |
| ming dynasty 's ü -tsang commanding office | |
| beijing | |
| chen qingying | |
| 1 ,000 households | |
| 10 ,000 households | |
| john powers | |
| ruling lamas | |
| subordinates | |
| the tarim basin and oasis of turpan | |
| foreign officials | |
| education minister | |
| degsi | |
| phagmodrupa dynasty | |
| wang and nyima | |
| the tai situpa | |
| changchub gyaltsen | |
| van praag | |
| the university of washington | |
| all traces of mongol suzerainty | |
| sagya gyaincain | |
| the ming officer of hezhou | |
| jamyang shakya gyaltsen | |
| the ming officer of hezhou | |
| to the ming court | |
| the phagmodrupa | |
| 1434 | |
| 1642 | |
| hegemonies | |
| the karmapa kargyu | |
| mongol | |
| je tsongkhapa | |
| the ming yongle emperor | |
| tsongkhapa | |
| 1407 | |
| 1413 | |
| his disciple chosrje shākya yeshes | |
| 1414 | |
| dawa norbu | |
| eastern tibetan princes | |
| an army | |
| tibet | |
| yang sanbao | |
| tibet | |
| 1413 | |
| the allegiance of various tibetan princes | |
| to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states | |
| the ming court | |
| 1430s | |
| the mingshi or the mingshi lu | |
| various lamas | |
| the phagmodru myriarchy | |
| melvyn c . goldstein | |
| 1435–1565 | |
| melvyn c . goldstein | |
| 1565–1642 | |
| 1398–1402 | |
| the buddhist monk yao guangxiao | |
| the hongwu emperor | |
| march 10 , 1403 | |
| hou xian and the buddhist monk zhi guang | |
| to seek out the karmapa | |
| 1407 | |
| through qinghai or via the silk road to khotan | |
| 1403 | |
| nanjing | |
| the karmapa | |
| kublai | |
| the yongle emperor | |
| linggu temple | |
| nanjing | |
| great treasure prince of dharma | |
| religious leaders of other tibetan buddhist sects | |
| the mongols | |
| religious purposes | |
| to send a military force into tibet | |
| to forcibly give the karmapa authority over all the tibetan buddhist schools | |
| deshin shekpa | |
| jianwen emperor | |
| deshin shekpa | |
| deshin shekpa 's miracles | |
| chinese communist historians | |
| buddhist artifacts | |
| josef kolmaš | |
| 1435–1449 | |
| the information office of the state council of the prc | |
| the karmapa | |
| great treasure prince of dharma | |
| after the latter 's agent had brought holy relics to the ming court | |
| the karmapa hierarchs | |
| 1446 | |
| 1415 | |
| the karmapa | |
| to facilitate trade with tibet | |
| tea , horses , and salt | |
| through sichuan and crossed shangri -la county in yunnan | |
| to secure urgently needed horses | |
| silk workshops | |
| tibetan buddhist | |
| the ming | |
| a mandatory `` corvée '' tax | |
| tibet | |
| altan khan | |
| the oirat mongol confederation 's hegemony | |
| the ming dynasty | |
| altan khan | |
| the 14th century | |
| november 1378 | |
| 30 ,000 | |
| 200 ,000 | |
| ming general qu neng | |
| recovery of the ordos region | |
| the mongols | |
| ming china | |
| to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes | |
| divide -and -rule | |
| after the sakya regime had fallen | |
| fifth karmapa | |
| many different tibetan lamas | |
| the phagmodrupa | |
| 1498 | |
| new years ceremonies and prayers | |
| 1518 | |
| 1505–1521 | |
| the company of lamas | |
| mikyö dorje | |
| chinese writers of the early 20th century | |
| china 's intervening ming dynasty | |
| the 13th century | |
| the 18th century | |
| the qing dynasty | |
| the chinese central government | |
| the tibetan lamas and mongol khans | |
| the republic of china and its communist successors | |
| the california academy of sciences in san francisco | |
| the mongols | |
| patron and priest relationship | |
| the 13th century | |
| the ming dynasty | |
| 1981 | |
| the ming | |
| the central government of china | |
| 1521–1567 | |
| the native chinese ideology of daoism | |
| the tibetan lamas | |
| yang tinghe | |
| yang tinghe | |
| jiajing | |
| neo -confucian establishment | |
| the portuguese embassy | |
| tibetan buddhism and lamas | |
| jiajing | |
| the kokonor region | |
| the ming chinese frontier | |
| the ming | |
| 1571 | |
| the third hierarch of the gelug—sönam gyatso | |
| the native mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice | |
| the mongol princes and subjects | |
| execution | |
| the dalai lama | |
| committed to their religious leader | |
| tümen khan | |
| the great -grandson of altan khan | |
| the 5th dalai lama | |
| in 1642 | |
| sonam gyatso | |
| altan khan | |
| zhang juzheng | |
| zhang juzheng | |
| mongolia | |
| the third dalai lama | |
| pay tribute | |
| the title dorjichang or vajradhara dalai lama | |
| the fifth dalai lama | |
| the fifth panchen lama | |
| master of vajradhara | |
| yonten gyatso | |
| 1616 | |
| yonten gyatso | |
| he died | |
| the mongols | |
| their old vassal of tibet | |
| 1642 | |
| the ming court | |
| 1565 | |
| karma phuntsok namgyal | |
| 1611–1621 | |
| the karmapa | |
| the fourth dalai lama | |
| the mongol prince güshi khan | |
| protector | |
| the gelugpas | |
| amdo | |
| 1642 | |
| lozang gyatso | |
| his conquest of tibet | |
| the dalai lama | |
| the regent sonam chöpel | |
| güshi khan | |
| the rebellion of li zicheng | |
| the dalai lama | |
| shunzhi | |
| the dzungar mongols | |
| the kangxi emperor | |
| 1720 | |
| 1751 | |
| 1735–1796 | |
| apple | |
| october 23 , 2001 | |
| three | |
| portable media players | |
| touchscreen | |
| 2001 | |
| apple | |
| 3 | |
| shuffle | |
| 2015 | |
| data storage | |
| 2 gb | |
| 128 gb | |
| ipod shuffle | |
| ipod touch | |
| 2 gb | |
| 128 gb | |
| itunes | |
| apple macintosh and microsoft windows | |
| itunes | |
| one | |
| iphone | |
| ios 5 | |
| 2010 | |
| `` music '' and `` videos '' | |
| a8 | |
| sixth | |
| sixth | |
| 2015 | |
| a8 | |
| 5 | |
| 2001 | |
| 2004 | |
| jon rubinstein | |
| braun t3 transistor radio | |
| 5 gb | |
| 2001 | |
| 5 gb | |
| the walkman | |
| jon rubinstein | |
| toshiba | |
| pixo | |
| chicago | |
| 2007 | |
| helvetica | |
| steve jobs | |
| portalplayer | |
| helvetica | |
| 2006 | |
| u2 | |
| black | |
| video | |
| u2 | |
| black | |
| 2006 | |
| burst .com | |
| kane kramer | |
| uk | |
| 1981 | |
| ixi | |
| burst .com | |
| ixi | |
| kane kramer | |
| vinnie chieco | |
| freelance copywriter | |
| 2001: a space odyssey | |
| joseph n . grasso | |
| 2005 | |
| 2001: a space odyssey | |
| vinnie chieco | |
| joseph n . grasso | |
| mid -2015 | |
| pierre dandumont | |
| 12.2 | |
| 12.2 | |
| pierre dandumont | |
| weak bass response | |
| high -impedance | |
| external headphone amplifier | |
| bass | |
| undersized dc -blocking capacitors | |
| bass | |
| r&b , rock , acoustic , and bass booster | |
| clipping | |
| 2006 | |
| r&b , rock , acoustic , and bass booster | |
| hearing loss | |
| eu | |
| 100 db | |
| france | |
| 100 db | |
| france | |
| firewire | |
| power adapter | |
| firewire | |
| third generation | |
| 30 -pin dock connector | |
| fifth | |
| fourth | |
| 3 .5 mm minijack | |
| third generation | |
| shuffle | |
| firewire | |
| usb | |
| ipod hi -fi | |
| belkin and griffin | |
| dock connector | |
| paying royalties | |
| third parties | |
| ipod hi -fi | |
| lightning | |
| seventh generation ipod nano | |
| 30 | |
| 8 | |
| both sides | |
| lightning | |
| fifth generation | |
| ipod hi -fi | |
| nike+ipod pedometer | |
| griffin technology , belkin , jbl , bose , monster cable , and sendstation | |
| tv | |
| nike | |
| apple | |
| bmw | |
| 2005 | |
| scion | |
| bmw | |
| scion | |
| jvc , pioneer , kenwood , alpine , sony , and harman kardon | |
| fm | |
| audio input jacks | |
| fm transmitters | |
| audio input jacks | |
| united , continental , delta , and emirates | |
| individual seat -back displays | |
| klm and air france | |
| united , continental , delta , and emirates | |
| 2007 | |
| apple lossless | |
| ipod photo | |
| wma | |
| digital rights management | |
| mac os | |
| mp3 , aac/m4a , protected aac , aiff , wav , audible audiobook , and apple lossless | |
| ipod photo | |
| one | |
| library | |
| host computer | |
| five | |
| click wheel | |
| earphone cable | |
| touch screen | |
| iphone | |
| five | |
| shuffle | |
| iphone | |
| april 29 , 2003 | |
| itunes | |
| october 12 , 2005 | |
| september 12 , 2006 | |
| 2003 | |
| 2005 | |
| 2006 | |
| aac | |
| five | |
| itunes plus | |
| january 6 , 2009 | |
| april 2009 | |
| aac | |
| fairplay | |
| itunes plus | |
| 2009 | |
| napster and msn music | |
| ipods | |
| drm | |
| universal music group | |
| itunes store | |
| 2007 | |
| the beat goes on ... | |
| september 5 , 2007 | |
| 2007 | |
| iphone | |
| ipods | |
| brick | |
| steve wozniak | |
| parachute , solitaire , and music quiz | |
| easter egg | |
| brick | |
| parachute , solitaire , and music quiz | |
| 2006 | |
| itunes 7 | |
| 5th generation | |
| 4th generation | |
| 2006 | |
| fifth | |
| namco , square enix , electronic arts , sega , and hudson soft | |
| video game handheld console market | |
| gamepro and egm | |
| .ipg | |
| .zip | |
| software development kit | |
| ios | |
| .ipg | |
| ipod touch and iphone | |
| not | |
| itunes | |
| third -party | |
| itunes | |
| drm | |
| itunes 7 | |
| hidden | |
| host | |
| manual | |
| 2005 | |
| patent infringement | |
| sony , realnetworks , napster , and musicmatch | |
| ho keung tse | |
| advanced audio devices | |
| fairplay | |
| rotational user inputs | |
| august 2005 | |
| creative technology | |
| zen patent | |
| united states international trade commission | |
| rotational user inputs | |
| creative technology | |
| august 24 , 2006 | |
| $100 million | |
| made for ipod | |
| $100 million | |
| the made for ipod program | |
| 90 % | |
| 2004 | |
| 72 .7 % | |
| bloomberg online | |
| 90 % | |
| 70 % | |
| 74 % | |
| january 8 , 2004 | |
| hewlett -packard | |
| wal -mart | |
| 5 % | |
| unfavorable | |
| hp | |
| hundred million | |
| 32 % | |
| mac computers | |
| $5 .2 billion | |
| 2007 | |
| 32 % | |
| $6 .22 billion | |
| 19 .22 % | |
| $3 .5 billion | |
| $15 .4 billion | |
| $3 .5 billion | |
| january 22 , 2008 | |
| $1 .58 billion | |
| 21 % | |
| 42 % | |
| peter oppenheimer | |
| 2009 | |
| 14 .21 % | |
| 220 million | |
| 2013 | |
| fourth | |
| favorable | |
| sony ericsson and nokia | |
| wma | |
| pc world | |
| sony ericsson and nokia | |
| pc world | |
| business | |
| communication and training | |
| royal and western infirmaries | |
| glasgow , scotland | |
| duke | |
| entertainment weekly | |
| duke | |
| entertainment weekly | |
| the album era | |
| music industry | |
| digital music storage | |
| the album era | |
| 14 hours | |
| mp3 .com | |
| 2003 | |
| battery life | |
| 8 hours | |
| third -party vendors | |
| refurbished replacement ipod | |
| lithium -ion | |
| batteries | |
| lithium -ion | |
| battery replacement program | |
| $99 | |
| soldering tools | |
| fifth generation | |
| 2003 | |
| $99 | |
| nano | |
| battery | |
| apple product replacement program | |
| short life -span and fragile hard drives | |
| macintouch | |
| 13 .7 % | |
| late 2005 | |
| protective sleeves | |
| flash memory | |
| screen | |
| the mail on sunday | |
| apple 's code of conduct | |
| 25 | |
| the mail | |
| 35 % | |
| verité | |
| electronic industry code of conduct implementation group | |
| foxconn | |
| longhua , shenzhen | |
| foxconn | |
| verité | |
| 2006 | |
| 2010 | |
| apple prototype | |
| 2010 | |
| innovation | |
| hfs+ | |
| fat32 | |
| action -adventure | |
| gamecube and wii | |
| november 2006 | |
| december 2006 | |
| nintendo | |
| 2005 | |
| 2006 | |
| link | |
| hyrule | |
| midna | |
| link | |
| midna | |
| the wind waker | |
| game of the year | |
| nintendo selects | |
| march 2016 | |
| twilight princess | |
| several | |
| 2006 | |
| 2016 | |
| combat , exploration , and item collection | |
| ocarina of time | |
| l -targeting | |
| sword | |
| clawshot | |
| action -adventure | |
| ocarina of time | |
| sword and shield | |
| l -targeting | |
| one | |
| on -screen display | |
| on the ground | |
| context -sensitive button mechanic | |
| on -screen display | |
| wii remote | |
| chime | |
| wii remote | |
| nunchuk | |
| two | |
| motion | |
| wii remote | |
| nine | |
| enemies | |
| overworld | |
| epona | |
| puzzles | |
| boss | |
| overworld | |
| wolf | |
| biting | |
| poes | |
| midna | |
| human | |
| wolf | |
| small imp -like creature | |
| enemy ghosts | |
| artificial intelligence | |
| the wind waker | |
| react | |
| artificial intelligence | |
| link | |
| nods and facial expressions | |
| midna | |
| akiko kōmoto | |
| japan | |
| grunts | |
| nods and facial expressions | |
| midna | |
| akiko kōmoto | |
| ranch hand | |
| children | |
| midna | |
| tears of light | |
| ordon village | |
| bulblins | |
| tears of light | |
| fused shadows | |
| zant | |
| master sword | |
| zelda | |
| lanayru | |
| fused shadows | |
| zant | |
| master sword | |
| zelda | |
| shadow crystal | |
| mirror of twilight | |
| ganondorf | |
| hyrule castle | |
| zelda 's | |
| shadow crystal | |
| gerudo desert | |
| midna | |
| ganondorf | |
| beast | |
| helmet | |
| ordon village | |
| zelda | |
| chest | |
| light spirits | |
| link and zelda | |
| midna 's helmet | |
| mirror of twilight | |
| 2003 | |
| game developers conference | |
| north american | |
| horseback combat | |
| 2003 | |
| eiji aonuma | |
| horseback combat | |
| four | |
| electronic entertainment expo 2004 | |
| nintendo ds | |
| phantom hourglass | |
| 2004 | |
| rabbit | |
| the minish cap | |
| revolution | |
| miyamoto | |
| mitsuhiro takano | |
| wii remote | |
| pointing -based | |
| 2005 | |
| satoru iwata | |
| 2005 | |
| gamecube | |
| e3 2005 | |
| wii | |
| at e3 2005 | |
| swinging gesture | |
| ngc magazine | |
| wii controller | |
| 2006 | |
| a month | |
| ngc magazine | |
| e3 2006 | |
| control scheme | |
| sword | |
| e3 attendees | |
| right | |
| comfort and ease | |
| toru minegishi and asuka ohta | |
| koji kondo | |
| michiru ōshima | |
| koji kondo | |
| michiru ōshima | |
| yasuzo takemoto | |
| live | |
| 50 | |
| november 19 , 2006 | |
| nintendo power | |
| media | |
| november 19 , 2006 | |
| soundtrack | |
| buffer overflow vulnerability | |
| executable and linkable format | |
| 4.0 | |
| twilight hack | |
| 3 .3 and 3.4 | |
| 4.0 | |
| tantalus media | |
| wii u | |
| november 12 , 2015 | |
| march 5 , 2016 | |
| the legend of zelda: twilight princess hd | |
| tantalus media | |
| amiibo | |
| march 4 , 2016 | |
| wolf link amiibo figurine | |
| link and toon link | |
| zelda and sheik | |
| ganondorf | |
| cave of shadows | |
| wolf link amiibo | |
| cave of shadows | |
| link and toon | |
| zelda and sheik | |
| gamestop | |
| 20 | |
| japan , europe , and australia | |
| cd | |
| perfect | |
| gamerankings and metacritic | |
| gametrailers | |
| universal critical acclaim | |
| perfect | |
| 95 | |
| gametrailers | |
| ign and gamespy | |
| jeff gerstmann | |
| gamespot | |
| javier glickman | |
| hyper | |
| ign and gamespy | |
| gaming nexus | |
| javier glickman | |
| gamecube | |
| 16th | |
| 4th | |
| third | |
| ign and nintendo power | |
| best console game | |
| 16th | |
| 4th | |
| pal | |
| 5 .82 million | |
| 1 .32 million | |
| pal region | |
| 5 .82 million | |
| 1 .32 million | |
| akira himekawa | |
| japan | |
| shogakukan | |
| mobile | |
| eon productions | |
| daniel craig | |
| james bond | |
| skyfall | |
| $245 | |
| twenty -four | |
| spectre | |
| four | |
| metro -goldwyn -mayer and columbia pictures | |
| sam mendes | |
| spectre | |
| diamonds are forever | |
| m , q and eve moneypenny | |
| dave bautista | |
| lucia sciarra | |
| m , q and eve moneypenny | |
| léa seydoux | |
| dave bautista | |
| 1971 | |
| 26 october 2015 | |
| royal albert hall in london | |
| 6 november 2015 | |
| action sequences and cinematography | |
| best original song | |
| skyfall | |
| writing 's on the wall | |
| day of the dead | |
| m | |
| c | |
| nine eyes | |
| garreth mallory | |
| day of the dead | |
| mi5 and mi6 | |
| his ring | |
| rome | |
| spectre | |
| franz oberhauser | |
| assassin | |
| moneypenny | |
| rome | |
| franz oberhauser | |
| mr . hinx | |
| franz oberhauser | |
| thallium poisoning | |
| dr . madeline swann | |
| commits suicide | |
| hoffler klinik | |
| tangier | |
| thallium poisoning. | |
| his daughter , dr . madeline swann | |
| tangier. | |
| hinx. | |
| train | |
| hannes | |
| ernst stavro blofeld | |
| ernst stavro blofeld | |
| the old mi6 building | |
| blofeld | |
| westminster bridge | |
| c | |
| q | |
| c | |
| special executive for counter -intelligence , terrorism , revenge and extortion | |
| ian fleming and kevin mcclory | |
| 1963 | |
| never say never again | |
| warhead 2000 a .d. | |
| 1963 | |
| never say never again | |
| thunderball. | |
| mgm | |
| spectre | |
| eon productions | |
| 2013 | |
| mgm | |
| spectre | |
| danjaq | |
| sony pictures entertainment | |
| hackers | |
| john logan | |
| eon productions | |
| november 2014 | |
| john logan | |
| eon productions | |
| christoph waltz | |
| 1983 | |
| neal purvis and robert wade | |
| quantum | |
| octopussy | |
| charmian bond | |
| octopussy | |
| christoph waltz. | |
| quantum of solace | |
| spectre | |
| hildebrand rarities and antiques | |
| kingsley amis | |
| the hildebrand rarity | |
| for your eyes only | |
| blofeld | |
| hildebrand rarities and antiques | |
| december 2014 | |
| ralph fiennes | |
| naomie harris | |
| ben whishaw | |
| rory kinnear | |
| four | |
| rory kinnear | |
| ralph fiennes , naomie harris and ben whishaw | |
| franz oberhauser | |
| ernst stavro blofeld | |
| bérénice lim marlohe | |
| quantum of solace | |
| fifty | |
| bérénice lim marlohe | |
| quantum of solace. | |
| fifteen hundred | |
| alessandro cremona | |
| stephanie sigman | |
| february 2015 | |
| mexico | |
| austria. | |
| alessandro cremona | |
| estrella | |
| john glen | |
| dennis gassner | |
| roger deakins | |
| skyfall and spectre | |
| spectre | |
| spectre | |
| john glen | |
| six | |
| london , mexico city and rome | |
| kodak 35 mm | |
| pinewood studios | |
| seven months. | |
| kodak 35 mm film stock | |
| pinewood studios | |
| december 2014 | |
| february 2015 | |
| ice q restaurant | |
| knee | |
| ice q restaurant | |
| austrian alps. | |
| rettenbach glacier | |
| ponte sisto bridge and the roman forum | |
| williams | |
| jaguar | |
| four | |
| blenheim palace in oxfordshire | |
| the ponte sisto bridge | |
| aston martin db10 and a jaguar c -x75 | |
| williams | |
| jaguar. | |
| mexico city | |
| day of the dead | |
| the zócalo and the centro histórico district | |
| 1 ,500 | |
| palenque | |
| the day of the dead festival | |
| a messerschmitt -bölkow -blohm bo 105 helicopter | |
| zócalo and the centro histórico district | |
| new york | |
| 22 april | |
| new york | |
| westminster and lambeth bridges | |
| london fire brigade | |
| thames | |
| vauxhall cross | |
| westminster and lambeth bridges | |
| the london fire brigade | |
| covent garden. | |
| night | |
| oujda , tangier and erfoud | |
| largest film stunt explosion | |
| chris corbould | |
| 128 days | |
| morocco | |
| largest film stunt explosion | |
| 128 days. | |
| chris corbould | |
| $20 million | |
| michael g . wilson | |
| india | |
| istanbul | |
| thomas newman | |
| 23 october 2015 | |
| decca records | |
| thomas newman | |
| decca records | |
| during filming. | |
| july 2015 | |
| writing 's on the wall | |
| one | |
| demo | |
| sam smith | |
| 25 september 2015 | |
| skyfall | |
| shirley bassey | |
| radiohead | |
| adele | |
| shirley bassey | |
| radiohead | |
| aston martin and eon | |
| 10 | |
| williams f1 | |
| promotional work | |
| 10 | |
| 007 | |
| clapperboards | |
| skyfall | |
| eon 's official social media accounts. | |
| skyfall | |
| comic relief 's red nose day | |
| bbc one | |
| july | |
| march 2015 | |
| comic relief 's red nose day | |
| david walliams and the dawson brothers | |
| royal albert hall | |
| 26 october 2015 | |
| skyfall | |
| mission: impossible – rogue nation | |
| spectre. | |
| $879 .3 million | |
| $199 .8 million | |
| $138 .1 million | |
| £41 .7 million -lrb - $63 .8 million -rrb- | |
| harry potter and the prisoner of azkaban | |
| avatar | |
| $9 .2 million | |
| harry potter and the prisoner of azkaban | |
| avatar | |
| the dark knight | |
| paris | |
| 4 % | |
| spider -man 3 | |
| $8 .2 million | |
| spider -man 3 | |
| minions | |
| 374 | |
| $70 .4 million | |
| $5 .25 | |
| skyfall | |
| 374 | |
| thursday | |
| 12 november | |
| 198 % | |
| 75 % | |
| $84 .7 million | |
| mission: impossible – rogue nation | |
| $84 .7 million | |
| 60 out of 100 | |
| 48 | |
| 64 % | |
| audiences | |
| 64 | |
| 60 out of 100 | |
| robbie collin | |
| ign | |
| four out of five stars | |
| four out of five | |
| scott mendelson | |
| mick lasalle | |
| 75 | |
| skyfall | |
| christopher orr | |
| bored | |
| the washington post | |
| bored , james bored | |
| indian central board of film certification | |
| twitter. | |
| craig | |
| spring 2016 | |
| spring 2016. | |
| 2008 | |
| the great sichuan earthquake | |
| 69 ,197 | |
| 2008 | |
| 8 .0 ms and 7 .9 mw | |
| may 12 | |
| 02:28:01 pm china standard time | |
| 69 ,197 | |
| beijing and shanghai | |
| 19 km | |
| months after | |
| the wenchuan earthquake | |
| wenchuan county , sichuan | |
| 80 kilometres | |
| 19 km | |
| 69 ,197 | |
| 68 ,636 | |
| 4 .8 million | |
| 15 million | |
| 1 trillion rmb | |
| 68 ,636 | |
| 374 ,176 | |
| 18 ,222 | |
| 4 .8 million | |
| 11 million | |
| wenchuan county , ngawa tibetan and qiang autonomous prefecture | |
| 2 minutes | |
| 80 % | |
| 8 .0 ms and 7 .9 mw | |
| 2 minutes | |
| almost 80 % | |
| longmenshan fault | |
| along the border of the indo -australian plate and eurasian plate | |
| 120 sec | |
| 10 km | |
| longmenshan fault | |
| yingxiu -beichuan fracture | |
| first 80 sec. | |
| 9 meters | |
| april 30 , 2008 | |
| 1972 | |
| written report | |
| significant earthquake in ngawa prefecture | |
| around may 8 | |
| droughts | |
| reports predicting the earthquake | |
| up to 9 meters | |
| tom parsons | |
| 9 meters | |
| 240 km long | |
| 20 km deep | |
| northeastern and southwestern ends | |
| high risk | |
| 6 ,000 people | |
| in two stages | |
| longmenshan fault | |
| shallowness of the epicenter | |
| 30 times | |
| firmness of the terrain | |
| between 64 and 104 | |
| within 72 hours of the main quake. | |
| on august 5 , 2008 | |
| between 64 and 104 | |
| 42 ,719 | |
| 6 .4 ms | |
| 246 | |
| august 5 , 2008 | |
| august 30 , 2008 | |
| southern sichuan | |
| because it was caused by a different fault. | |
| 2008 panzhihua earthquake | |
| southern sichuan | |
| ms 6.1 | |
| panzhihua earthquake | |
| cea | |
| xi | |
| very destructive | |
| very disastrous | |
| yingxiu , wenchuan | |
| the eastern border of the tibetan plateau | |
| 3 .5 metres | |
| 3 metres | |
| 2 metres | |
| 2 .3 metres | |
| tibetan plateau | |
| longmen shan fault system | |
| 3 .5 metres | |
| 3 .5 metres | |
| 4 .8 metres | |
| shanghai 's financial district | |
| calm | |
| 10 minutes | |
| chengdu shuangliu international airport | |
| may 12 | |
| evacuated | |
| chengdu shuangliu international airport | |
| disruption in air traffic services | |
| relief operations | |
| in chengdu | |
| beijing | |
| hui county , gansu | |
| caught on fire | |
| cracks on walls | |
| office towers | |
| venues | |
| hui county , gansu | |
| rail was distorted | |
| all of the highways | |
| 80 % | |
| dujiangyan | |
| 60 | |
| all of the highways | |
| delayed arrival | |
| 80 % | |
| two chemical plants | |
| fewer than 60 | |
| southwestern china | |
| copper | |
| oil | |
| suspended trading | |
| southwestern china | |
| copper | |
| shenzhen stock exchange | |
| mobile and terrestrial | |
| internet | |
| months | |
| telecommunications | |
| sichuan area | |
| the government | |
| news and media websites | |
| major news and media | |
| 2 ,300 | |
| more than 700 | |
| 2 ,300 | |
| traffic congestion | |
| half | |
| china unicom | |
| 700 | |
| the wolong national nature reserve | |
| around 280 | |
| 31 | |
| 2 | |
| wolong national nature reserve | |
| six | |
| five | |
| mao mao | |
| hydropower plant | |
| 20 km east | |
| 2 ,000 | |
| 391 | |
| zipingpu hydropower plant | |
| 20 km | |
| less severe | |
| tulong reservoir | |
| 391 | |
| 69 ,180 | |
| 68 ,636 | |
| 18 ,498 | |
| 374 ,176 | |
| 158 | |
| 68 ,636 | |
| 69 ,180 | |
| 18 ,498 | |
| 374 ,176 | |
| tried to repair roads | |
| 2 ,300 | |
| in wenchuan | |
| 9 ,000 | |
| 3 ,000 to 5 ,000 | |
| 10 ,000 | |
| 2 ,300 | |
| about 9 ,000 | |
| 3 ,000 to 5 ,000 | |
| 10 ,000 | |
| eight schools | |
| health care | |
| gao qiang | |
| public health care system in china is insufficient | |
| neglected and untouched | |
| inland areas | |
| insufficient | |
| medical treatment | |
| thousands | |
| seven | |
| 1 ,700 | |
| 7 ,000 | |
| 700 | |
| shoddy construction | |
| seven | |
| 1 ,700 | |
| 7 ,000 | |
| 600 | |
| december 2008 | |
| may 7 , 2009 | |
| 5 ,335 | |
| 546 | |
| may 7 , 2009 | |
| ai weiwei | |
| 5 ,335 | |
| 546 | |
| fertility clinics | |
| 5 million | |
| 11 million | |
| 12 .5 million | |
| 1 million | |
| at least 5 million | |
| 11 million | |
| 12 .5 million animals | |
| a million | |
| reginald desroches | |
| professor of civil and environmental engineering | |
| 1976 | |
| tangshan earthquake | |
| an international reconnaissance team of engineers was dispatched to the region | |
| make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings | |
| a variety of reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake. | |
| team of engineers | |
| survey of damaged buildings | |
| variety of reasons | |
| the poorer , rural villages | |
| swaminathan krishnan | |
| rural part | |
| not designed | |
| very strong | |
| regulations | |
| $75 billion | |
| minor damage | |
| us $75 billion | |
| chinese history | |
| five largest cities | |
| 420 ,000 | |
| 6 .0 mw | |
| 1000 | |
| more than 420 ,000 | |
| 63 | |
| qingchuan , sichuan | |
| wei hong | |
| 200 ,000 | |
| 1 .94 million | |
| 1 ,300 | |
| wei hong | |
| 90 ,000 | |
| 200 ,000 | |
| 685 ,000 | |
| 1 .94 million | |
| premier wen jiabao | |
| geomechanics | |
| the rescue work | |
| 50 ,000 | |
| 90 minutes after | |
| ten | |
| 50 ,000 | |
| proximity of the quake 's epicenter | |
| level ii emergency contingency plan | |
| the most serious class of natural disasters | |
| at 22:15 cst , may 12 | |
| level ii emergency | |
| most serious | |
| level ii | |
| national disaster relief commission | |
| 184 | |
| 12 | |
| 150 | |
| 22 | |
| earthquake emergency relief | |
| 184 | |
| 150 | |
| armed police general hospital | |
| in two military transport planes | |
| a close analysis by an alleged chinese construction engineer | |
| book blade | |
| china digital times | |
| book blade | |
| children 's day | |
| living in relief centres | |
| performed ceremonies | |
| rubble of schools | |
| june 1 | |
| in relief centres | |
| more than $48 .6 million | |
| 10 million yuan | |
| 48 .6 million | |
| 10 million yuan each | |
| $457 million | |
| 19 countries | |
| four | |
| saudi arabia | |
| €40 ,000 ,000 | |
| 83 million | |
| saudi arabia | |
| four | |
| a counterpart support plan | |
| 3 years | |
| counterpart support plan | |
| one province to one affected county | |
| 3 years | |
| one percent | |
| that the sudden shift of a huge quantity of water into the region could have relaxed the tension between the two sides of the fault , allowing them to move apart , and could have increased the direct pressure on it , causing a violent rupture | |
| zipingpu dam | |
| 25 times more | |
| the government | |
| seismically active | |
| access to seismological and geological data | |
| opportunities for researchers to retrofit data in order to model future earthquake predictions | |
| the time of the 2008 sichuan earthquake | |
| time prediction method | |
| statistics | |
| that earthquake prediction was a global issue | |
| no proven methods exist | |
| a global issue | |
| no prediction notification | |
| did not see anything | |
| in 2002 | |
| chen xuezhong | |
| chen xuezhong | |
| 2002 | |
| over 7.0 | |
| over 30 years | |
| 30 years | |
| no consensus | |
| statistics | |
| earthquake prediction | |
| the taipei fire department | |
| over 300 | |
| the traffic problem | |
| donating cash | |
| landslides | |
| tibetan village of sier | |
| landslides | |
| 20 | |
| 15 ,600 | |
| around 3 ,000 | |
| 15 | |
| heavy rain and landslides | |
| 20 | |
| 15 ,600 | |
| around 3 ,000 | |
| around 9 ,000 | |
| the deployment of an additional 90 helicopters | |
| 60 | |
| 30 | |
| over 150 | |
| over 150 | |
| 60 | |
| civil aviation industry | |
| non -combat airlifting | |
| the tzu chi foundation | |
| taiwan | |
| late on may 13 | |
| tzu chi foundation | |
| international help | |
| cope with the quake | |
| china airlines | |
| may 15 | |
| may 16 | |
| chartered cargo flight | |
| taiwan taoyuan international airport | |
| chengdu | |
| rescue team | |
| chengdu | |
| satellite images of the quake -stricken areas | |
| chinese authorities | |
| 135 ,000 | |
| may 16 | |
| satellite images | |
| tents and generators | |
| 135 ,000 | |
| the internet | |
| an online rescue request center | |
| to find the blind spots of disaster recovery | |
| wenchuan | |
| the internet | |
| news agency xinhua | |
| a student | |
| contact information | |
| may 31 | |
| a moment of silence | |
| the sealed ruins of the beichuan county seat | |
| three days | |
| a moment of silence | |
| earthquake relic museum | |
| several concerts | |
| the terrible disaster | |
| blood | |
| china unicom and china mobile | |
| all over mainland china | |
| donated blood | |
| booths | |
| text messaging | |
| $772 million | |
| 557 | |
| 2 ,500 | |
| 788 ,000 yuan | |
| wenchuan county | |
| 30 ,000 | |
| red cross society of china | |
| us $143 ,000 | |
| 30 ,000 | |
| those left homeless | |
| the amity foundation | |
| 7 ,000 | |
| tofu -dregs schoolhouses | |
| inadequately engineered | |
| over 7 ,000 | |
| tofu -dregs schoolhouses | |
| legal replacements | |
| four -hour program called the giving of love | |
| bai yansong | |
| donations of the evening totalled 1 .5 billion chinese yuan | |
| $1 .57 million | |
| promise | |
| the giving of love | |
| us $208 million | |
| cctv | |
| 1 .57 million | |
| promise | |
| this is the first time -lsb -that -rsb - the chinese media has lived up to international standards | |
| foreign aid | |
| up to international standards | |
| los angeles times | |
| 1976 tangshan earthquake | |
| quake lakes | |
| 34 | |
| 28 | |
| 7.9 | |
| large landslides | |
| quake lakes | |
| 34 | |
| entire villages | |
| mount tangjia in beichuan county , sichuan | |
| by foot or air | |
| tractors | |
| 200 ,000 | |
| the dam bursting | |
| mount tangjia | |
| beichuan county , sichuan | |
| 1 ,200 | |
| the state council | |
| national mourning | |
| mao zedong | |
| may 19 , 2008 | |
| cars and trucks | |
| three -day period | |
| olympic torch relay | |
| ningbo | |
| beijing olympic torch relay | |
| in ningbo | |
| the route | |
| ruijin , jiangxi | |
| black and white | |
| all advertisements | |
| various gaming sites | |
| burst out cheering | |
| casinos | |
| ye zhiping | |
| proactive action that spared the lives of all 2 ,323 pupils in attendance when the earthquake happened | |
| 2 ,323 | |
| 400 ,000 yuan | |
| ye zhiping | |
| sangzao | |
| an county | |
| three -year period | |
| to gain first -hand material of construction quality | |
| safety checks | |
| chinese prosecutors | |
| professional crime | |
| schools across china | |
| reuters | |
| money | |
| riot police | |
| government officials | |
| limit protests | |
| money | |
| were threatened | |
| on school collapses | |
| liu shaokun | |
| that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion | |
| sichuan school teacher | |
| crime of inciting subversion | |
| put them online | |
| in a media interview | |
| one year of re -education | |
| in 2007 | |
| january 2010 | |
| massive casualties | |
| that china formally requested the support of the international community | |
| condolences and assistance | |
| may 14 | |
| unicef | |
| magnitude of the quake | |
| $214 ,000 and $71 ,000 | |
| $26 million | |
| 10 .7 billion yuan | |
| the chinese public | |
| yao ming | |
| 26 million | |
| swift and very efficient | |
| openness | |
| secretive | |
| 10 days | |
| international federation of the red cross | |
| live earthquake footage | |
| cctv-1 | |
| programmes suspended | |
| myanmar | |
| school construction scandal | |
| response to the quake | |
| cutting corners | |
| any reports | |
| poorly built schools | |
| state -controlled media | |
| propaganda bureau | |
| the ap | |
| builders cut corners | |
| thin iron wires | |
| supervising agencies | |
| corrupt government officials | |
| many families | |
| threat of arrest | |
| the times | |
| their only child | |
| new york | |
| new york | |
| new york | |
| new york | |
| new york city | |
| new york city | |
| five | |
| 1898 | |
| 8 ,491 ,079 | |
| 305 | |
| 23 .6 million | |
| five | |
| brooklyn , queens , manhattan , the bronx , and staten island | |
| 1898 | |
| 8 ,491 ,079 | |
| 800 | |
| new amsterdam | |
| the dutch republic | |
| 1790 | |
| 1664 | |
| 1790 | |
| 1624 | |
| 1626 | |
| 1664 | |
| 1790 | |
| 56 million | |
| 469 | |
| manhattan | |
| 120 | |
| new york stock exchange and nasdaq | |
| staten island | |
| the wisconsinan glaciation | |
| ice sheet | |
| lenapehoking | |
| 1524 | |
| giovanni da verrazzano | |
| la dauphine | |
| france | |
| nouvelle angoulême | |
| 1524 | |
| la dauphine | |
| france | |
| 1525 | |
| estêvão gomes | |
| portuguese | |
| charles v | |
| la anunciada | |
| rio de san antonio | |
| padrón real | |
| henry hudson | |
| dutch east india company | |
| 1614 | |
| ten | |
| north river | |
| dutch east india company | |
| 1614 | |
| henry hudson | |
| santo domingo | |
| jan rodrigues | |
| trader | |
| juan rodriguez way | |
| winter | |
| juan rodriguez | |
| broadway , from 159th street to 218th street | |
| governors island | |
| manhattan island | |
| 1625 | |
| peter minuit | |
| 1626 | |
| 1624 | |
| 1625 | |
| glass beads | |
| new york | |
| james ii | |
| peter stuyvesant | |
| director -general | |
| 1664 | |
| peter stuyvesant | |
| william iii | |
| august 24 , 1673 | |
| new orange | |
| 1674 | |
| anthonio colve | |
| england | |
| king william iii | |
| second anglo -dutch war | |
| 200 | |
| run | |
| 200 | |
| second anglo -dutch war | |
| 42 % | |
| charleston , south carolina | |
| foley square | |
| courthouse | |
| charleston , south carolina | |
| 1990s | |
| 1735 | |
| manhattan | |
| 1754 | |
| george ii | |
| king 's college | |
| john peter zenger | |
| 1754 | |
| new york | |
| battle of long island | |
| brooklyn | |
| august 1776 | |
| 10 ,000 | |
| 1783 | |
| the battle of long island | |
| brooklyn | |
| 1783 | |
| september 11 , 1776 | |
| lord howe | |
| great fire of new york | |
| manhattan | |
| trinity church | |
| lord howe | |
| the great fire of new york | |
| 1785 | |
| george washington | |
| federal hall | |
| wall street | |
| philadelphia | |
| congress of the confederation | |
| capital | |
| 1789 | |
| 1790 | |
| 1799 | |
| manhattan | |
| alexander hamilton | |
| 1827 | |
| 16 ,000 | |
| 1799 | |
| 1827 | |
| commissioners ' plan | |
| 1825 | |
| tammany hall | |
| irish | |
| 1825 | |
| central park | |
| 1857 | |
| first landscaped | |
| great irish famine | |
| 200 ,000 | |
| a quarter | |
| 25 % | |
| revolutions | |
| great irish famine | |
| over 200 ,000 | |
| fernando wood | |
| $300 | |
| irish | |
| 120 | |
| 10 ,000 | |
| colored orphan asylum | |
| 1898 | |
| 1904 | |
| the bronx | |
| 1904 | |
| 1904 | |
| 1 ,021 | |
| triangle shirtwaist factory | |
| 146 | |
| international ladies ' garment workers ' union | |
| triangle shirtwaist factory fire | |
| 36 ,620 | |
| harlem renaissance | |
| 36 ,620 | |
| london | |
| megacity | |
| fiorello la guardia | |
| eighty | |
| megacity | |
| 1952 | |
| paris | |
| abstract expressionism | |
| united nations | |
| the stonewall inn | |
| greenwich village | |
| june 28 , 1969 | |
| manhattan | |
| a police raid | |
| stonewall inn in the greenwich village neighborhood of lower manhattan | |
| 2000 | |
| 2010 | |
| silicon alley | |
| 1990s | |
| 1970s | |
| 1970s | |
| american airlines flight 11 | |
| united airlines flight 175 | |
| 343 | |
| july 19 , 1909 | |
| 541.3 | |
| 1909 | |
| 10 | |
| american airlines flight 11 | |
| september 17 , 2011 | |
| zuccotti park | |
| manhattan | |
| financial district | |
| september 17 , 2011 | |
| william f . buckley , jr. | |
| 1955 | |
| donald trump | |
| republican | |
| northeastern | |
| southeastern | |
| boston | |
| atlantic | |
| hudson river | |
| hudson | |
| atlantic ocean | |
| long island , manhattan , and staten island. | |
| new jersey | |
| harlem river | |
| bronx river | |
| new york bay | |
| troy , new york | |
| new jersey | |
| the bronx river | |
| the harlem river | |
| battery park city | |
| 468.9 | |
| 164.1 | |
| 304.8 | |
| todt hill | |
| staten island | |
| 468.9 | |
| 164.1 | |
| 304.8 | |
| todt hill | |
| 409.8 | |
| pieter claesen wyckoff house | |
| brooklyn | |
| one world trade center | |
| manhattan | |
| 1656 | |
| one world trade center | |
| 5 ,937 | |
| hong kong | |
| 550 | |
| 1913 | |
| 50 | |
| hong kong | |
| 550 | |
| 1931 | |
| art deco | |
| 61st | |
| seagram building | |
| american institute of architects | |
| eagles | |
| 1931 | |
| 1930 | |
| the bronx | |
| brooklyn | |
| queens | |
| 1930 | |
| victorian | |
| brownstone rowhouses | |
| the great fire of 1835 | |
| six | |
| jackson heights | |
| stone and brick | |
| wooden roof -mounted water towers | |
| july 2014 | |
| four | |
| five | |
| brooklyn , queens , manhattan , and the bronx | |
| humid subtropical | |
| 234 | |
| 2 ,535 | |
| humid continental | |
| january | |
| humid subtropical | |
| 234 | |
| usda 7b | |
| appalachians | |
| 0.3 | |
| 72 % | |
| 17 | |
| july 9 , 1936 | |
| 106 | |
| 1934 | |
| 1936 | |
| 1 ,270 | |
| 66 | |
| october 29 , 2012 | |
| 49.9 | |
| hurricane sandy | |
| 25.8 | |
| new york city department of parks and recreation | |
| new york state office of parks , recreation and historic preservation | |
| national park service | |
| minneapolis | |
| new york city | |
| minneapolis | |
| 10 ,521 .83 | |
| 9 ,000 | |
| fort tilden | |
| jacob riis park | |
| jamaica bay | |
| over 26 ,000 | |
| national park service | |
| grant 's tomb | |
| greenwich village | |
| gay rights movement | |
| national park service | |
| new jersey | |
| new jersey | |
| stonewall inn | |
| grant 's tomb | |
| seven | |
| 28 | |
| 21 | |
| seven | |
| 69 feet | |
| 28 ,000 | |
| 14 | |
| pelham bay park | |
| 1 ,093 | |
| over 28 ,000 | |
| 14 | |
| pelham bay park | |
| 2 ,700 | |
| fort hamilton | |
| 1825 | |
| brooklyn | |
| north atlantic division | |
| 1179th transportation brigade | |
| fort hamilton | |
| 1825 | |
| brooklyn | |
| queens | |
| 8 ,491 ,079 | |
| los angeles | |
| 316 ,000 | |
| 40 % | |
| 40 % | |
| 8 ,491 ,079 | |
| los angeles | |
| 40 | |
| 27 ,858 | |
| 27 ,673 | |
| hudson county | |
| 44 % | |
| 25 .5 % | |
| asians | |
| 28 .6 % | |
| 3 | |
| 44 | |
| the civil war | |
| asians | |
| 25.5 | |
| 12 million | |
| lower east side | |
| germans | |
| 92 % | |
| irish | |
| more than 12 million | |
| 92 | |
| 37 % | |
| dominican republic | |
| 74 ,000 | |
| china | |
| 37 | |
| queens | |
| manhattan | |
| 6 .3 % | |
| queens | |
| 0 .3 % | |
| 2 .7 million | |
| 550 ,000 | |
| 201 ,000 | |
| 65 ,000 | |
| the bronx | |
| 2 .7 million | |
| 20 million | |
| 1 .5 million | |
| 20 % | |
| 4 .8 million | |
| 6 | |
| 1 .3 million | |
| the dominican republic | |
| egypt | |
| el salvador | |
| ecuador | |
| 568 ,903 | |
| june 24 , 2011 | |
| 30 | |
| 568 ,903 | |
| june 24 , 2011 | |
| 30 | |
| 59 % | |
| 33 % | |
| 1 .1 million | |
| brooklyn | |
| islam | |
| christianity | |
| judaism | |
| brooklyn | |
| 24 | |
| islam | |
| 0.5 | |
| manhattan | |
| michael r . bloomberg | |
| 4 .6 % | |
| $2 ,749 | |
| 2 ,749 | |
| new york city | |
| silicon alley | |
| the atlantic | |
| 2014 | |
| 2012 | |
| one out of ten | |
| fdi magazine | |
| us $914 .8 billion | |
| us $1 .1 billion | |
| $1 ,589 | |
| $15 ,887 | |
| six | |
| time warner center | |
| 660 madison avenue | |
| madison avenue | |
| 180 ,000 | |
| $11 billion | |
| omnicom group | |
| 180 ,000 | |
| omnicom group and interpublic group | |
| 19 ,000 | |
| us $5 billion | |
| brooklyn | |
| us $234 million | |
| brooklyn | |
| manhattan | |
| chocolate | |
| chocolate | |
| godiva | |
| 163 ,400 | |
| 5 | |
| us $3 .8 billion | |
| us $360 ,700 | |
| 22 | |
| the city 's securities | |
| wall street | |
| 165 broadway | |
| $40 billion | |
| 19 % | |
| british bankers association | |
| wall street | |
| 165 broadway | |
| 46 .5 million | |
| 400 | |
| 500 million square feet | |
| manhattan | |
| 140 west street | |
| us $3 billion | |
| 300 ,000 | |
| 300 ,000 | |
| technion -israel institute of technology | |
| us $2 billion | |
| roosevelt island | |
| us $30 million | |
| 65 ,000 | |
| cornell tech | |
| 51 million | |
| 54 million | |
| 56 .4 million | |
| us $61 .3 billion | |
| 56 .4 million | |
| 54 million | |
| i love new york | |
| 1977 | |
| new york state empire state development | |
| i love new york | |
| 1977 | |
| i love new york | |
| greenwich village | |
| macy 's | |
| rockefeller center | |
| summerstage | |
| queens | |
| 90 ,000 | |
| 10 % | |
| anbang insurance group | |
| us $1 .95 billion | |
| waldorf astoria new york | |
| 90 ,000 | |
| anbang insurance group | |
| 1 .95 billion | |
| 200 | |
| 130 ,000 | |
| $7 .1 billion | |
| los angeles | |
| sony music entertainment | |
| new york city | |
| seven | |
| 25 ,000 | |
| the new york times | |
| the wall street journal | |
| 1919 | |
| alexander hamilton | |
| more than 200 | |
| 350 | |
| 2 | |
| the wall street journal and the new york times | |
| 1919 | |
| cbs | |
| nyctv | |
| comedy central | |
| fox news | |
| manhattan neighborhood network | |
| 1971 | |
| wnet | |
| wnyc | |
| 1997 | |
| manhattan neighborhood network | |
| 1971 | |
| wnyc | |
| new york city department of education | |
| 1 .1 million | |
| 1 ,700 | |
| nine | |
| 1 .1 million | |
| nine | |
| new york city charter school center | |
| 900 | |
| half million | |
| three out of five | |
| one out of four | |
| 24 | |
| 600 ,000 | |
| the new york public library | |
| queens borough public library | |
| queens borough public library | |
| brooklyn public library | |
| manhattan | |
| new york city health and hospitals corporation | |
| 11 | |
| $6 .7 billion | |
| 1 .4 million | |
| 475 ,000 | |
| 1969 | |
| five | |
| bellevue hospital | |
| ramanathan raju | |
| bellevue hospital | |
| bellevue hospital | |
| ramanathan raju , md | |
| illinois | |
| ceo | |
| 35 ,000 | |
| new york 's finest | |
| new york city police department | |
| 35 ,000 | |
| new york 's finest | |
| 328 | |
| 75 % | |
| provo , utah | |
| 2007 | |
| 328 | |
| 95 .9 % | |
| forty thieves and the roach guards | |
| the five families | |
| the five points | |
| the black spades | |
| tokyo fire department | |
| the new york city fire department | |
| new york 's bravest | |
| new york city fire department | |
| tokyo | |
| 11 ,080 | |
| 3 ,300 | |
| new york 's bravest | |
| subway systems | |
| brush fires | |
| 9 metrotech center | |
| randalls island | |
| brooklyn | |
| 9 metrotech center | |
| brooklyn | |
| randalls island | |
| 11 metrotech center | |
| 1940s | |
| 1970s | |
| the harlem renaissance | |
| jazz | |
| abstract expressionism | |
| hip hop | |
| new york city | |
| new york fashion week | |
| the new york school | |
| new york fashion week | |
| the global language monitor | |
| 1880s | |
| 500 | |
| 42nd street | |
| harrigan | |
| 2 ,000 | |
| electric lighting | |
| 12 .21 million | |
| the great white way | |
| us $1 .27 billion | |
| 11 .4 % | |
| 12 .21 million | |
| 11 .57 million | |
| 24 ,000 | |
| 4 ,000 | |
| 24 ,000 | |
| new york city department of health and mental hygiene | |
| one thousand | |
| 1882 | |
| metlife stadium , the new yankee stadium , madison square garden , and citi field | |
| the original yankee stadium and ebbets field | |
| 1882 | |
| major league soccer | |
| five | |
| forty | |
| baseball | |
| 35 | |
| baseball | |
| two | |
| 35 | |
| 73 | |
| two | |
| 14 | |
| subway series | |
| metlife stadium | |
| 2014 | |
| new york giants | |
| metlife stadium | |
| east rutherford , new jersey | |
| super bowl xlviii | |
| 2014 | |
| the new york islanders and the new york rangers | |
| newark | |
| newark , new jersey | |
| hockey | |
| new york islanders | |
| the brooklyn nets and the new york knicks | |
| new york liberty | |
| 1938 | |
| new york liberty | |
| national invitation tournament | |
| 1938 | |
| new york knicks | |
| queens | |
| millrose games | |
| belmont stakes | |
| 1930 and 1939 | |
| madison square garden | |
| queens | |
| united states open tennis championships | |
| 37 ,866 | |
| millrose games | |
| madison square garden | |
| stickball | |
| stickball boulevard | |
| the bronx | |
| new york city subway system | |
| 469 | |
| grand central station | |
| 1 .75 billion | |
| grand central station | |
| 38.4 | |
| 54.6 | |
| 22 | |
| 54 .6 % | |
| 90 % | |
| 38.4 | |
| 52 % | |
| 22 % | |
| port authority bus terminal | |
| 7 ,000 | |
| 200 ,000 | |
| port authority bus terminal | |
| john f . kennedy international airport , newark liberty international airport , and laguardia airport | |
| newark liberty international airport | |
| john f . kennedy international airport | |
| newburgh , new york | |
| 109 million | |
| the staten island ferry | |
| 24 | |
| 8.4 | |
| manhattan | |
| 20 million | |
| the george washington bridge | |
| the verrazano -narrows bridge | |
| the brooklyn bridge | |
| 1903 | |
| george washington bridge | |
| bergen | |
| verrazano -narrows bridge | |
| neo -gothic | |
| 1903 | |
| the lincoln tunnel | |
| 1927 | |
| 1940 | |
| president franklin d . roosevelt | |
| 120 ,000 | |
| hudson river | |
| manhattan | |
| jersey city | |
| franklin d . roosevelt | |
| 200 ,000 | |
| 200 ,000 | |
| 21 % | |
| citibank | |
| quinnipiac university | |
| walk score | |
| catskill mountains watershed | |
| catskill mountains | |
| us $3 .2 billion | |
| 290 million gallons | |
| 20 % | |
| north | |
| 51 | |
| three | |
| four -year | |
| 51 | |
| three | |
| the city record | |
| four | |
| democrats | |
| 67 | |
| barack obama | |
| 1924 | |
| calvin coolidge | |
| democratic party | |
| 67 % | |
| 1924 | |
| five | |
| republican | |
| 43 ,523 | |
| roosevelt island | |
| 127 | |
| 225 ,000 | |
| one million | |
| five million | |
| one -fifth | |
| one third | |
| lead | |
| crack | |
| tom wolfe | |
| the national library of australia | |
| baruch college | |
| iceland | |
| manhattan | |
| upper west side | |
| union square | |
| new york university | |
| central park | |
| fifth avenue | |
| manhattan | |
| 1959 | |
| 2012 | |
| upper east side | |
| brooklynese | |
| all in the family | |
| carroll o 'connor | |
| new yawk | |
| new york city fc | |
| yankee stadium | |
| harrison , new jersey | |
| pelé | |
| hofstra university | |
| two -thirds | |
| 20 | |
| 250 | |
| jfk international airport | |
| pennsylvania station | |
| manhattan | |
| three | |
| patco speedline | |
| copenhagen metro | |
| port authority trans -hudson | |
| the second avenue subway | |
| 12 ,000 | |
| manhattan island | |
| the theater | |
| finance | |
| advertising | |
| seventh avenue | |
| rush hour | |
| southwestern | |
| northern | |
| long island | |
| the west end | |
| staten island | |
| structural expressionism | |
| cantilever | |
| 3 ,715 | |
| 28 % | |
| 80 % | |
| hearst tower | |
| massachusetts v . environmental protection agency | |
| 6 | |
| 110 ,000 | |
| the greenpoint oil spill | |
| mayor -council | |
| 1898 | |
| second | |
| manhattan | |
| executive | |
| manhattan | |
| the eastern district of new york | |
| foley square | |
| the district court for the eastern district of new york | |
| manhattan | |
| manhattan | |
| 10021 | |
| 83 | |
| $11 billion | |
| $11 .4 billion | |
| new york city global partners | |
| 2006 | |
| 1960 | |
| pulitzer prize | |
| harper lee | |
| harper lee | |
| 1960 | |
| her family and neighbors | |
| united states | |
| southern gothic novel | |
| racial injustice and the destruction of innocence | |
| deep south | |
| racial epithets | |
| mary mcdonough murphy | |
| 2006 | |
| 1962 | |
| 1990 | |
| robert mulligan | |
| bible | |
| horton foote | |
| robert mulligan | |
| monroeville , alabama | |
| february 2016 | |
| go set a watchman | |
| go set a watchman | |
| july 14 , 2015 | |
| february 2016 | |
| truman capote | |
| 1950 | |
| reservation clerk | |
| alabama | |
| 1926 | |
| truman capote | |
| huntingdon college | |
| university of alabama | |
| j . b . lippincott | |
| go set a watchman | |
| tay hohoff | |
| therese von hohoff torrey | |
| mental illness | |
| lawyer | |
| her father | |
| july 11 , 1960 | |
| over two and a half years | |
| reader 's digest condensed books | |
| maycomb , alabama | |
| three | |
| two | |
| dill | |
| maycomb , alabama | |
| the great depression | |
| jean louise finch -lrb -scout -rrb- | |
| mayella ewell | |
| tom robinson | |
| scout , jem , and dill | |
| jem and scout | |
| balcony | |
| the colored balcony | |
| shot and killed | |
| jem and scout | |
| halloween pageant | |
| boo radley | |
| bob ewell | |
| boo radley | |
| sheriff tate | |
| fell on his own knife | |
| autobiography | |
| 1919 | |
| 25 | |
| editor and publisher | |
| next door | |
| 1960 | |
| in cold blood | |
| truman capote | |
| old underwood typewriter | |
| apart people | |
| 10 | |
| walter lett | |
| emmett till | |
| civil rights movement | |
| display southern prejudices | |
| emmett till | |
| satire and irony | |
| parody , satire , and irony | |
| church basement | |
| calpurnia | |
| distracted and embarrassed | |
| ham costume | |
| southern gothic and coming -of -age or bildungsroman novel | |
| gothic | |
| atticus | |
| miss maudie | |
| separations of race and class | |
| 1955 | |
| race relations | |
| white | |
| shot seventeen times | |
| death | |
| poor white farmers | |
| seventeen | |
| a rabid dog | |
| fight against the town 's racism | |
| calpurnia | |
| aunt alexandra | |
| walter cunningham | |
| jane austen | |
| individual worth | |
| poor | |
| gender and class | |
| people 's motives and behavior | |
| morphine | |
| atticus | |
| courage | |
| charles shields | |
| charles shields | |
| human dignity and respect for others | |
| mayella ewell | |
| calpurnia and miss maudie | |
| calpurnia and miss maudie | |
| mrs . dubose | |
| feminist | |
| bob ewell | |
| atticus | |
| dolphus raymond | |
| lawyers | |
| frilly clothes | |
| songbirds | |
| finch | |
| mockingbird | |
| mockingbird | |
| mockingbird | |
| that which is innocent and harmless | |
| book of the month club | |
| book of the month club | |
| ten | |
| 40 | |
| 30 million | |
| more than 30 million | |
| more than 40 | |
| scout , atticus , and boo | |
| alice lee | |
| scout , atticus , and boo | |
| lawyer | |
| integrity | |
| 1997 | |
| alabama state bar | |
| honorary special membership | |
| 1963 | |
| 21 | |
| 1963 | |
| 21 | |
| 1966 | |
| rape | |
| mayella ewell 's attraction to tom robinson | |
| little black sambo | |
| civil rights movement | |
| uncle tom 's cabin | |
| uncle tom 's cabin | |
| archulus persons | |
| truman capote | |
| alice | |
| truman capote | |
| her editor | |
| 1961 | |
| 41 | |
| 1962 | |
| 1964 | |
| the pulitzer prize | |
| 1964 | |
| 2001 | |
| 25 | |
| chicago | |
| chicago | |
| 25 | |
| university of notre dame | |
| george w . bush | |
| 2007 | |
| notre dame | |
| george w . bush | |
| 1962 | |
| gregory peck | |
| gregory peck | |
| father 's pocketwatch | |
| grandson | |
| her father 's pocketwatch | |
| grandson | |
| may 2005 | |
| a national treasure | |
| christopher sergel | |
| 1990 | |
| monroeville | |
| townspeople | |
| racially segregated | |
| the uk | |
| regent 's park open air theatre | |
| duncan preston | |
| july 14 , 2015 | |
| 1957 | |
| 20 | |
| tonja carter | |
| go set a watchman | |
| 1957 | |
| 20 | |
| rape and racial inequality | |
| atticus finch | |
| narration | |
| flashback | |
| all southerners | |
| the neighborhood | |
| southern romantic regionalism | |
| fine folks | |
| the south itself | |
| tom robinson | |
| boo radley | |
| real nice | |
| classical tragedy | |
| the chicago sunday tribune | |
| granville hicks | |
| flannery o 'connor | |
| william faulkner | |
| jane austen | |
| allen barra | |
| akin ajayi | |
| calpurnia | |
| black students | |
| poor rural `` white trash '' | |
| the harsh reality of inequality | |
| an act of protest | |
| like scripture | |
| mockingbird groupies | |
| the sun | |
| solar energy | |
| solar heating , photovoltaics , solar thermal energy , solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis | |
| radiant light and heat from the sun | |
| 174 ,000 | |
| 30 % | |
| 3 .5 to 7.0 | |
| 174 ,000 | |
| approximately 30 % | |
| 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3 .5 to 7 .0 kwh/m2 per day | |
| clouds , oceans and land masses | |
| 71 | |
| 14 | |
| photosynthesis | |
| about 71 % | |
| warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises | |
| when the air reaches a high altitude , where the temperature is low , water vapor condenses into clouds | |
| the latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection | |
| photosynthesis | |
| 3 ,850 ,000 | |
| one year | |
| 3 ,000 | |
| one year | |
| approximately 3 ,850 ,000 exajoules -lrb -ej -rrb - per year | |
| approximately 3 ,000 ej per year | |
| coal , oil , natural gas , and mined uranium combined | |
| the sun | |
| passive or active | |
| depending on the way they capture , convert and distribute sunlight | |
| geothermal and tidal | |
| direct or indirect | |
| active | |
| passive | |
| solar thermal collectors | |
| designing spaces that naturally circulate air | |
| increase the supply of energy | |
| reduce the need for alternate resources | |
| frank shuman | |
| 1908 | |
| 1912 | |
| a u .s. inventor , engineer and solar energy pioneer | |
| 1897 | |
| steam engine | |
| 1908 | |
| 1912 | |
| maadi , egypt | |
| 22 ,000 | |
| the 1970s | |
| maadi , egypt | |
| parabolic troughs | |
| nile river | |
| the outbreak of world war i and the discovery of cheap oil | |
| the 1970s | |
| 70 | |
| sunlight | |
| 60 to 70 % of the domestic hot water | |
| evacuated tube collectors | |
| unglazed plastic collectors | |
| 154 | |
| israel and cyprus | |
| approximately 154 thermal gigawatt | |
| china | |
| over 90 % | |
| united states , canada and australia | |
| 50 | |
| 30 % -lrb -4 .65 ej/yr -rrb- | |
| 50 % -lrb -10 .1 ej/yr -rrb- | |
| solar heating , cooling and ventilation technologies | |
| thermal | |
| any material that can be used to store heat | |
| stone , cement and water | |
| by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night | |
| climates | |
| auxiliary heating and cooling equipment | |
| passive solar ventilation | |
| a passive solar ventilation system | |
| a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building | |
| by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses | |
| winter | |
| trees and plants | |
| 1/3 to 1/2 | |
| they will interfere with winter solar availability | |
| east and west | |
| 1767 | |
| 315 | |
| cooking , drying and pasteurization | |
| box cookers , panel cookers and reflector cookers | |
| horace de saussure | |
| 90–150 °c -lrb -194–302 °f -rrb- | |
| direct light | |
| 114 | |
| more | |
| parabolic dish , trough and scheffler reflectors | |
| solar total energy project -lrb -step -rrb - in shenandoah , georgia , usa | |
| use of evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water | |
| clothes lines , clotheshorses , and clothes racks | |
| perforated sun -facing walls used for preheating ventilation air | |
| 1872 | |
| solar distillation | |
| 16th -century arab alchemists | |
| 1872 | |
| 22 ,700 l -lrb -5 ,000 imp gal; 6 ,000 us gal -rrb - per day | |
| single -slope | |
| the world health organization | |
| a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions | |
| a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage | |
| over two million people in developing countries | |
| toxic chemicals | |
| to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity | |
| algae may produce toxic chemicals | |
| 2050 | |
| 2050 | |
| the mojave desert | |
| 2013 | |
| 354 mw segs csp | |
| mojave desert of california | |
| the 250 mw agua caliente solar project , in the united states , and the 221 mw charanka solar park in india | |
| charles fritts | |
| 1954 | |
| evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source | |
| a device that converts light directly into electricity | |
| charles fritts | |
| dr bruno lange | |
| gerald pearson , calvin fuller and daryl chapin | |
| a working fluid | |
| lenses or mirrors and tracking systems | |
| a heat source for a conventional power plant | |
| the stirling dish | |
| a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight | |
| megaron house | |
| orientation relative to the sun | |
| well -lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range | |
| socrates ' megaron house | |
| pumps , fans and switchable windows | |
| urban heat islands | |
| 3 | |
| urban heat islands | |
| asphalt and concrete | |
| paint buildings and roads white and plant trees | |
| fruit walls | |
| power grape presses | |
| to optimize the productivity of plants | |
| timed planting cycles , tailored row orientation , staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties | |
| employed fruit walls | |
| acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm | |
| roman times | |
| the 16th | |
| convert solar light to heat | |
| enabling year -round production and the growth -lrb -in enclosed environments -rrb - of specialty crops | |
| produce cucumbers year -round for the roman emperor tiberius | |
| europe | |
| the world solar challenge | |
| 90 .87 | |
| a biannual solar -powered car race | |
| 1987 | |
| 67 kilometres per hour -lrb -42 mph -rrb- | |
| 90 .87 kilometres per hour -lrb -56 .46 mph -rrb- | |
| the north american solar challenge and the planned south african solar challenge | |
| 1975 | |
| 1975 | |
| kenichi horie | |
| the sun21 catamaran | |
| 40 | |
| solar impulse | |
| 1974 | |
| 29 april 1979 | |
| july 1981 | |
| california to north carolina | |
| 36 hours | |
| hydrogen production from protons | |
| solar chemical processes | |
| artificial photosynthesis | |
| the solzinc process | |
| pure zinc | |
| hydrogen production technologies | |
| uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures | |
| solzinc process | |
| heat | |
| thermal mass systems | |
| water , earth and stone | |
| reduce overall heating and cooling requirements | |
| thermal | |
| the `` dover house '' | |
| paraffin wax and glauber 's salt | |
| 64 °c or 147 °f | |
| dover house | |
| they are low -cost , have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems | |
| 1 .44 terajoules -lrb -400 ,000 kwh -rrb- | |
| rechargeable batteries | |
| rechargeable batteries | |
| net metering programs | |
| by 'rolling back ' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes | |
| most standard meters accurately measure in both directions | |
| a hydroelectric power generator | |
| water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one | |
| by releasing the water , with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator | |
| 1973 | |
| the 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis | |
| the federal photovoltaic utilization program in the us and the sunshine program in japan | |
| seri , now nrel | |
| nedo | |
| fraunhofer institute for solar energy systems ise | |
| the 1920s | |
| 20 % per year | |
| in the 1890s | |
| falling petroleum prices | |
| 20 % | |
| 154 gw | |
| the international energy agency | |
| the international energy agency | |
| glass in building | |
| materials used in solar water heaters | |
| iso 9050 | |
| iso 10217 | |
| passive solar or active solar | |
| photovoltaic systems , concentrated solar power and solar water heating | |
| orienting a building to the sun | |
| 559 .8 ej | |
| 1 ,575–49 ,837 exajoules -lrb -ej -rrb- | |
| the large magnitude of solar energy available | |
| the united nations development programme | |
| through reliance on an indigenous , inexhaustible and mostly import -independent resource | |
| the costs of mitigating global warming | |
| learning investments | |
| keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise | |
| geography , time variation , cloud cover , and the land available to humans | |
| areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation | |
| photovoltaics | |
| during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the earth for solar panels to absorb | |
| clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells | |
| solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels | |
| many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way | |
| insolation , cloud cover , and the land that is usable by humans | |
| 1 ,575–49 ,837 ej per year | |
| conversion of sunlight into electricity | |
| either directly using photovoltaics -lrb -pv -rrb - , or indirectly using concentrated solar power -lrb -csp -rrb- | |
| lenses or mirrors and tracking systems | |
| focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam | |
| photoelectric effect | |
| sunlight | |
| greeks and chinese | |
| toward the south | |
| a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air | |
| the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force | |
| the toy market | |
| the surface -area to payload -weight ratio is relatively high | |
| driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce | |
| increasing availability , economy , and utility of coal and petroleum | |
| 2060 | |
| could play a key role in de -carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters | |
| achaemenid empire , sassanian empire , hephthalite empire , samanid empire , mongol empire , timurid dynasty , and the russian empire | |
| oxus civilization , andronovo culture , buddhism , nestorian christianity , zoroastrianism , and manichaeism | |
| city of sarazm | |
| 1991 | |
| 1992 to 1997 | |
| oxus civilization , andronovo culture , buddhism , nestorian christianity , zoroastrianism , and manichaeism | |
| the achaemenid empire , sassanian empire , hephthalite empire , samanid empire , mongol empire , timurid dynasty , and the russian empire | |
| 1991 | |
| 1992 to 1997 | |
| 1939 | |
| 260 ,000 tajik | |
| between 60 ,000 -lrb -4 % -rrb - and 120 ,000 -lrb -8 % -rrb- | |
| living conditions , education and industry | |
| by clan loyalties | |
| 30 % of ministerial positions would go to the opposition | |
| emomali rahmon | |
| because of persecution , increased poverty and better economic opportunities | |
| russian border troops | |
| at the dushanbe airport | |
| t located 15 km southwest of dushanbe | |
| to conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration. | |
| 28 tajik soldiers | |
| 2015 | |
| november 2010 | |
| that islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a tajik prison in august | |
| a republic | |
| kokhir rasulzoda | |
| murodali alimardon and ruqiya qurbanova | |
| november 1994 | |
| where the people 's democratic party of tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in parliament | |
| independent press outlets remain restricted | |
| no public criticism of the regime is tolerated | |
| all direct protest is severely suppressed | |
| access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta .tj , tjknews .com , ferghana .ru , centrasia .ru | |
| tajikistan | |
| the pamir range | |
| on the southern slopes above the kofarnihon valley | |
| between latitudes 36° and 41° n -lrb -a small area is north of 41° -rrb - , and longitudes 67° and 75° e -lrb -a small area is east of 75° -rrb- | |
| in the north -lrb -part of the fergana valley -rrb - , and in the southern kofarnihon and vakhsh river valleys | |
| the name of a pre -islamic -lrb -before the seventh century a .d. -rrb - tribe | |
| `` land of the tajiks '' | |
| `` place of '' or `` country '' | |
| because the term is `` embroiled in twentieth -century political disputes about whether turkic or iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of central asia . '' | |
| 650–680 | |
| umayyads | |
| the samanid empire , | |
| khorasan | |
| 650–680 | |
| umayyads | |
| 650–680 | |
| the samanid empire , | |
| umayyads | |
| the samanid empire , | |
| khorasan | |
| khorasan | |
| 650–680 | |
| 710 | |
| the kara -khanid khanate | |
| the samanid empire | |
| during the late 19th century 's imperial era | |
| the emirate of bukhara and khanate of kokand | |
| gaining access to a supply of cotton | |
| russia gradually took control of the entire territory of russian turkestan | |
| the russian empire or its vassal state , the emirate of bukhara | |
| an islamic social movement throughout the region | |
| russians | |
| between 1910 and 1913 | |
| the threat of forced conscription during world war i | |
| guerrillas throughout central asia , known as basmachi | |
| to maintain independence | |
| the bolsheviks | |
| islam , judaism , and christianity | |
| tajik autonomous soviet socialist republic | |
| in the southern region | |
| collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place | |
| soviet collectivization policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement | |
| moscow | |
| nearly 10 ,000 people | |
| ethnic russians | |
| grew from less than 1 % to 13 % | |
| subsequently russians dominated party positions at all levels , including the top position of first secretary | |
| pdpt lose four seats in parliament | |
| accusations from opposition parties and international observers that president emomalii rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment | |
| `` failed to meet many key osce commitments '' and that `` these elections failed on many basic democratic standards . '' | |
| the government insisted that only minor violations had occurred , which would not affect the will of the tajik people | |
| in central asia | |
| 8 million people | |
| area of 143 ,100 km2 -lrb -55 ,300 sq mi -rrb- | |
| china | |
| wakhan corridor | |
| china | |
| 8 million | |
| 143 ,100 km2 | |
| afghanistan | |
| uzbekistan | |
| about 500 bce | |
| the achaemenid empire | |
| alexander the great | |
| yuezhi tribes | |
| in the early eighth century | |
| hephthalite empire , | |
| buddhism , nestorian christianity , zoroastrianism , and manichaeism | |
| an average rate of 9 .6 % | |
| aluminium production , cotton growing and remittances from migrant workers | |
| 60 % | |
| tajik aluminum company | |
| the government | |
| hydropower potential | |
| nurek dam | |
| casa 1000 , will transmit 1000 mw of surplus electricity from tajikistan to pakistan with power transit through afghanistan | |
| us $1 .25 per day | |
| estimated $2 .1 billion us dollars | |
| by purely market -based means , simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor | |
| remittances | |
| opium poppy | |
| with the increasing assistance from international organizations , such as unodc , and cooperation with the us , russian , eu and afghan authorities | |
| heroin and raw opium confiscations | |
| strengthen border crossings , provide training , and set up joint interdiction teams . it also helped to establish tajikistani drug control agency | |
| via roads , air , and rail. | |
| iran and pakistan | |
| tajikistan , pakistan , and afghanistan | |
| 2012 | |
| 26 airports | |
| dushanbe international airport | |
| russia | |
| khorog airport | |
| 7 ,349 ,145 | |
| 70 % | |
| 35 % | |
| tajik | |
| tajikistanis | |
| the pamiri people | |
| distinct linguistically and culturally | |
| pamir mountains | |
| sunni islam of the hanafi | |
| a secular state with a constitution providing for freedom of religion | |
| id al -fitr and idi qurbon | |
| 98 % | |
| minority religious groups undermine national unity | |
| a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere | |
| hizb ut -tahrir | |
| aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of tajiks under one islamic state | |
| state committee on religious affairs -lrb -scra -rrb - and with local authorities | |
| a charter , a list of 10 or more members , and evidence of local government approval prayer site location | |
| a physical structure | |
| can result in large fines and closure of place of worship | |
| , the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor , with severe shortages of medical supplies | |
| 104 ,272 | |
| 1 % | |
| world bank 's poverty reduction strategy paper | |
| 11 years of primary and secondary education | |
| a 12 -year system | |
| khujand state university | |
| 17 % | |
| humans and their societies | |
| social | |
| linguistic anthropology | |
| physical | |
| united states | |
| 1870 | |
| 1869 | |
| 1902 | |
| 1865 | |
| empirical foundation | |
| anthropological societies | |
| international | |
| the major theorists | |
| 48 | |
| 13 | |
| late 19th and early 20th centuries | |
| gender equality and sexual liberation | |
| cross -cultural comparisons | |
| 19th -century racial ideology | |
| cultural relativism , holism , and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques | |
| humanities , social , and natural sciences | |
| anthropology | |
| global | |
| greece and persia | |
| cognitive science , global studies , and various ethnic studies | |
| structuralist and postmodern theories | |
| during the 1970s and 1990s | |
| nature and production of knowledge | |
| archaeology and biological anthropology | |
| cohesion | |
| sociocultural anthropology | |
| social | |
| social structures , | |
| hard -and -fast | |
| cultural anthropology | |
| cultural relativism | |
| ethnography | |
| participant observation | |
| emic | |
| reductionism in cross -cultural comparison | |
| sociocultural | |
| consumption and exchange | |
| kinship | |
| language | |
| resolution | |
| archaeology | |
| human behavior and cultural practices | |
| past human groups | |
| in similar ways | |
| cultural and material lives of past societies | |
| anthropological | |
| interpretation of sociocultural processes | |
| linguistic | |
| sociolinguistics , pragmatics , cognitive linguistics , semiotics , discourse analysis , and narrative analysis | |
| art | |
| do not exist | |
| evident 'aesthetic ' qualities | |
| 1983 | |
| culturally specific 'aesthetics ' | |
| étienne serres | |
| 1838 | |
| 1850 | |
| france | |
| société ethnologique de paris | |
| comparative methods | |
| similarities | |
| processes or laws unknown to them then | |
| epiphany | |
| comparison of species | |
| late 1850s. | |
| bring it into the social sciences | |
| paris | |
| société de biologie | |
| transformisme | |
| neurosurgeon | |
| the pathology of speech | |
| speech center | |
| psychology | |
| six | |
| the science of the nature of man | |
| an animist | |
| comparative anatomy , physiology , and psychology | |
| empirical | |
| civilization | |
| british ethnologists | |
| 1863 | |
| anthropology | |
| french société | |
| waitz | |
| majority of the world 's higher educational institutions | |
| subdivisions | |
| practical | |
| recreate the final scene | |
| about three dozen | |
| media anthropology | |
| ethnographic | |
| early 1990s | |
| media reception | |
| cyber | |
| visual | |
| visual representation | |
| all | |
| ethnographic film | |
| economic | |
| historic , geographic and cultural | |
| discipline of economics | |
| bronislaw malinowski | |
| exchange | |
| traditional concerns | |
| history and colonialism | |
| hunter -gatherers | |
| population | |
| industrial -lrb -and post -industrial -rrb - capitalism | |
| applied | |
| change or stability | |
| direct | |
| the practical side | |
| participating | |
| critical | |
| pondering | |
| increasing | |
| gap | |
| fail | |
| kinship | |
| anthropology | |
| over its history | |
| one 's social relations during development | |
| marriage | |
| feminist | |
| male bias | |
| systematic bias | |
| gender | |
| birth anthropology | |
| nutritional | |
| food security | |
| globalization | |
| nutritional status | |
| economic | |
| psychological | |
| humans ' development and enculturation | |
| its own history , language , practices , and conceptual categories | |
| cultural group | |
| understanding | |
| cognitive | |
| cognitive sciences | |
| experimental psychology and evolutionary biology | |
| implicit knowledge | |
| political | |
| structure of societies | |
| the 1960s | |
| `` complex '' | |
| geertz | |
| cyborg | |
| 1993 | |
| the society for the social studies of science | |
| donna haraway | |
| its relations | |
| environmental | |
| political ecology | |
| culture , politics and power , globalization , localized issues , and more. | |
| corporate | |
| people of hyde park | |
| by examining historical records | |
| ethnic | |
| its foundation | |
| documents and manuscripts | |
| practitioners | |
| urban | |
| ulf hannerz | |
| notoriously agoraphobic | |
| two | |
| social issues | |
| human–animal studies | |
| anthrozoology | |
| number of other disciplines | |
| positive | |
| anthropology , sociology , biology , and philosophy | |
| evolutionary | |
| natural science and social science | |
| past and present | |
| scientific | |
| many lines | |
| ethical | |
| mutilation | |
| racism , slavery , and human sacrifice | |
| man | |
| depth of an anthropological approach | |
| active in the allied war effort | |
| nazi germany , fascist italy , and imperial japan | |
| the armed forces | |
| intelligence | |
| communist sympathies. | |
| the state | |
| secret | |
| certain scholarship | |
| the aaa | |
| given | |
| the us military | |
| us army 's strategy in afghanistan | |
| counterinsurgency | |
| iraq | |
| ethics | |
| biological | |
| human universals | |
| into the field | |
| a community in its own setting | |
| genetic | |
| relevant time periods and geographic regions | |
| cultural traditions based on material | |
| tool | |
| geographers | |
| comparative method | |
| "other cultures | |
| time | |
| non -european/non -western societies | |
| ulf hannerz | |
| only in late 1960s | |
| set ethnographic research in the north atlantic region | |
| research to a single locale | |
| daily life of ordinary people | |
| scientific laboratories | |
| research | |
| wounded in an attempted assassination | |
| the távora family and the duke of aveiro | |
| the jesuits | |
| 1759 | |
| sebastião de melo prosecuted every person involved , even women and children | |
| 1770 | |
| until joseph i 's death in 1779 | |
| autocracy | |
| knew no opposition | |
| crushing opposition , suppressing criticism , and furthering colonial economic exploitation | |
| napoleon | |
| 1822 | |
| brazil | |
| united kingdom of portugal , brazil and the algarves | |
| until the 20th century | |
| french | |
| until the liberal revolution of 1820 | |
| porto | |
| 1815 | |
| the change in its status and the arrival of the portuguese royal family | |
| before the turn of the 20th century | |
| 1884 | |
| scramble for africa | |
| to protect the centuries -long portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the scramble for africa | |
| beira , moçâmedes , lobito , joão belo , nacala and porto amélia | |
| 1 february 1908 | |
| on 14 june 1892 , and again on 10 may 1902 | |
| manuel ii of portugal | |
| 5 october 1910 | |
| political instability and economic weaknesses | |
| antónio de oliveira salazar | |
| 1933 | |
| five | |
| relocation of mainland portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in africa | |
| united nations , the european union , the eurozone , oecd , nato and the community of portuguese language countries | |
| unitary semi -presidential republican | |
| 18th highest | |
| france , spain and italy | |
| decriminalized the usage of all common drugs | |
| to use the cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading moors | |
| moors | |
| battle of covadonga | |
| 722 ad | |
| reconquista cristã | |
| dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring | |
| king alfonso iii | |
| 868 ad | |
| first count of portus cale | |
| portucale , portugale , and simultaneously portugália | |
| maintain the autonomy of galicia with its distinct language and culture -lrb -galician -portuguese -rrb - from the leonese culture | |
| the kingdom of portugal | |
| galician | |
| spanish | |
| castilian -lrb -spanish language -rrb- | |
| the daughter of the austrian field marshal leopold josef , count von daun | |
| sebastião josé de carvalho e melo | |
| queen consort of portugal | |
| queen consort of portugal | |
| king john v of portugal | |
| earthquakes | |
| marching troops around the models | |
| lisbon suffered no epidemics | |
| the buildings and big squares of the pombaline city centre | |
| by designing an inquiry that was sent to every parish in the country | |
| portuguese republic | |
| iberian peninsula , in southwestern europe | |
| atlantic ocean | |
| 1 ,214 km -lrb -754 mi -rrb- | |
| azores and madeira | |
| portuguese republic | |
| iberian peninsula , in southwestern europe | |
| spain | |
| atlantic ocean | |
| portugal–spain | |
| the celts and the romans | |
| visigothic and the suebi germanic peoples | |
| 1139 | |
| age of discovery | |
| 15th and 16th centuries | |
| lisbon | |
| 1822 | |
| 1910 | |
| macau | |
| 250 million | |
| portus cale | |
| pre -celts and celts | |
| gallaeci , lusitanians , celtici and cynetes | |
| 45 bc until 298 ad | |
| alankerk | |
| 27 bc | |
| gallaecia | |
| conímbriga and mirobriga | |
| hill forts | |
| 16 km | |
| a few months | |
| 711 | |
| 750 | |
| abd -ar -rahman | |
| almost two centuries | |
| emir | |
| the christian kingdoms of the north | |
| taifa of badajoz | |
| 1086 | |
| battle of sagrajas | |
| muwallad or muladi | |
| noblemen from oman | |
| atlas mountains and rif mountains of north africa | |
| algarve region , and south of the tagus | |
| 800 | |
| garcía , became king of león | |
| ordoño , reigned in galicia | |
| fruela , received asturias with oviedo as his capital | |
| 910 | |
| 1230 | |
| 1348 and 1349 | |
| england | |
| portugal made an alliance with england | |
| nato | |
| oporto region | |
| the age of discovery | |
| king joão i | |
| azores , madeira , and cape verde | |
| cape of good hope | |
| brazil | |
| increased | |
| prime minister | |
| british | |
| sebastião de melo | |
| sebastião de melo | |
| economic and financial | |
| to ensure the wine 's quality | |
| especially among the high nobility | |
| sebastião de melo | |
| upon all classes of portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class | |
| april 1974 | |
| left -wing military coup in lisbon | |
| social turmoil and power disputes between left - and right -wing political forces | |
| junta de salvação nacional | |
| socialist party | |
| mário soares | |
| 1976 to 1978 and again from 1983 to 1985 | |
| socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model | |
| 1976 | |
| to accommodate socialist and communist principles | |
| mediterranean | |
| 8–12 °c -lrb -46 .4–53 .6 °f -rrb- | |
| 16–19 °c -lrb -60 .8–66 .2 °f -rrb- | |
| 900 metres -lrb -3 ,000 ft -rrb- | |
| subtropical | |
| rough topography | |
| mediterranean | |
| deciduous and coniferous | |
| the tertiary period | |
| pyrenean | |
| boars | |
| 12 | |
| a unique type of subtropical rainforest | |
| fox , badger , iberian lynx , iberian wolf , wild goat -lrb -capra pyrenaica -rrb - , wild cat -lrb -felis silvestris -rrb - , hare , weasel , polecat , chameleon , mongoose , civet , brown bear | |
| migratory birds | |
| more than 100 | |
| in the tagus international natural park | |
| because of habitat loss , pollution and drought | |
| plankton | |
| five | |
| aníbal cavaco silva | |
| 230 | |
| four -year | |
| thirteen | |
| socialist party and the social democratic party | |
| national - , regional - and local -levels | |
| unitary democratic coalition -lrb -portuguese communist party and ecologist party `` the greens '' -rrb - , the left bloc and the democratic and social centre – people 's party | |
| 5 and 15 % | |
| president of the republic | |
| five | |
| by direct , universal suffrage | |
| president of the republic | |
| the council of ministers | |
| define the broad outline of its policies in a programme , and present it to the assembly for a mandatory period of debate | |
| an absolute majority of deputies | |
| former colonies and territories | |
| a civilian police force who work in urban areas | |
| a highly specialized criminal investigation police | |
| the public ministry. | |
| 2001 | |
| 10 days worth of personal use | |
| go to a rehab facility | |
| 50 percent | |
| 308 | |
| 3 ,092 | |
| 18 | |
| three | |
| navy , army and air force | |
| primarily as a self -defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security | |
| 7 ,500 | |
| $5 .2 billion , representing 2 .1 percent of gdp | |
| 21 ,000 | |
| pandur ii apc | |
| leopard 2 a6 tanks and m113 apc | |
| paratroopers , commandos and rangers | |
| 10 ,700 | |
| world war i and the portuguese colonial war | |
| 1961–1974 | |
| east timor , bosnia , kosovo , afghanistan , somalia , iraq -lrb -nasiriyah -rrb - and lebanon | |
| angola in 1992 and in guinea -bissau in 1998 | |
| pedro passos coelho | |
| improve the state 's financial situation | |
| tax hikes , a freeze of civil service -related lower -wages and cuts of higher -wages by 14 .3 % , on top of the government 's spending cuts | |
| 20 % | |
| 1974 | |
| unclear public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms | |
| diário de notícias | |
| 2007–08 | |
| banco português de negócios -lrb -bpn -rrb - and banco privado português -lrb -bpp -rrb- | |
| bad investments , embezzlement and accounting fraud | |
| its size , market share , and the political implications | |
| fraud | |
| the euro -lrb -€-rrb- | |
| portuguese escudo | |
| banco de portugal | |
| lisbon and porto metropolitan areas | |
| golf | |
| 1974 | |
| prec period | |
| changing to a system that is focused on exports , private investment and the development of the high -tech sector | |
| textiles , clothing , footwear and cork | |
| cork | |
| european commission , european central bank and international monetary fund | |
| 2011 | |
| €78 billion | |
| may 2014 | |
| 15 .3 percent | |
| small to medium -sized family -owned dispersed units | |
| grupo rar 's vitacress , sovena , lactogal , vale da rosa , companhia das lezírias and valouro | |
| tomatoes , citrus , green vegetables , rice , corn , barley , olives , oilseeds , nuts , cherries , bilberry , table grapes , edible mushrooms | |
| dairy products , poultry and beef | |
| ramirez | |
| bom petisco , nero , combate , comur , general , líder , manná , murtosa , pescador , pitéu , tenório , torreira and vasco da gama | |
| fish | |
| copper | |
| tin , tungsten and uranium | |
| hydrocarbon | |
| north | |
| 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization | |
| volkswagen autoeuropa and peugeot citroen | |
| embraer and ogma | |
| palmela | |
| alverca , covilhã , évora , and ponte de sor | |
| lisbon , porto , braga , coimbra and aveiro | |
| increase | |
| eastern european destinations | |
| focus upon its niche attractions | |
| health , nature and rural tourism | |
| the economist | |
| 65 % | |
| 10 .2 % | |
| negative | |
| 2011 | |
| that the country would request financial assistance from the imf and the european financial stability facility | |
| third | |
| carnation 's revolution | |
| financial weakness | |
| 70.8 | |
| 62.4 | |
| slow and inefficient | |
| italy | |
| over 30 | |
| passos coelho | |
| significant government plan for the public sector , whereby 30 ,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours | |
| austerity measures are necessary if portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant | |
| european commission , european central bank and international monetary fund | |
| 66 | |
| pensions , unemployment benefits , health , education and science expenses | |
| english | |
| social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions | |
| third quarter of 2014 | |
| 17 .7 % | |
| 7 .3 % | |
| december 2009 | |
| lisbon , algarve , madeira , porto and the city of coimbra | |
| fátima | |
| blessed virgin mary to three shepherd children | |
| douro valley , the island of porto santo , and alentejo | |
| lisbon | |
| fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles | |
| new motorways | |
| 68 ,732 km -lrb -42 ,708 mi -rrb- | |
| 1944 | |
| 89 ,015 km2 -lrb -34 ,369 sq mi -rrb- | |
| four | |
| lisbon , porto , faro and beja | |
| geographical position | |
| tap portugal | |
| spain | |
| comboios de portugal | |
| 2 ,791 km -lrb -1 ,734 mi -rrb- | |
| 1 ,430 km -lrb -889 mi -rrb- | |
| 900 km -lrb -559 mi -rrb- | |
| lisbon metro and metro sul do tejo in the lisbon metropolitan area and porto metro in the porto metropolitan area | |
| more than 35 km -lrb -22 mi -rrb- | |
| companhia de carris de ferro de lisboa -lrb -carris -rrb- | |
| over a century | |
| r&d units belonging to public universities and state -managed autonomous research institutions | |
| ineti – instituto nacional de engenharia , tecnologia e inovação | |
| ministry of science , technology and higher education -lrb -mctes -rrb- | |
| instituto gulbenkian de ciência and the champalimaud foundation | |
| neuroscience and oncology research centre | |
| one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world | |
| 1779 | |
| lisbon oceanarium | |
| scientific and technological culture among the portuguese population | |
| science museum of the university of coimbra , the national museum of natural history at the university of lisbon , and the visionarium | |
| the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world | |
| taguspark -lrb -in oeiras -rrb - , the coimbra iparque -lrb -in coimbra -rrb - , the biocant -lrb -in cantanhede -rrb - , the madeira tecnopolo -lrb -in funchal -rrb- | |
| take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support | |
| wind and river power | |
| moura , in the south | |
| norte region | |
| 29 % | |
| redes energéticas nacionais -lrb -ren -rrb- | |
| uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather , especially wind patterns , and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable -energy plants | |
| hydropower plants on its rivers | |
| wind -driven turbines | |
| setting a premium price | |
| 10 ,562 ,178 | |
| 52 % | |
| 48 % | |
| catholicism | |
| mouriscos | |
| paleolithic peoples | |
| 45 ,000 years ago | |
| paleolithic | |
| colonial history | |
| atlantic ocean | |
| angola and mozambique | |
| portuguese | |
| 10 ,617 ,575 | |
| 81 .0 % | |
| protestant , latter -day saint , muslim , hindu , sikh , eastern orthodox church , jehovah 's witnesses , baha 'i , buddhist , jewish and spiritist | |
| 6 .8 % | |
| 8 .3 % | |
| christian | |
| 13th and 14th | |
| formation of the first portuguese republic | |
| 1910–26 | |
| 25 july 1139 | |
| victories for the coming battles , as well as god 's wish to act through afonso | |
| in order to create an empire which would carry his name to unknown lands | |
| portuguese | |
| romance | |
| galicia and northern portugal | |
| galician -portuguese | |
| latin | |
| pre -roman peoples of the iberian peninsula | |
| 1415 and 1999 | |
| five | |
| brazil | |
| 99 percent | |
| 100 percent | |
| over 35 % | |
| 50 % | |
| 1290 | |
| lisbon | |
| coimbra | |
| the real academia de artilharia , fortificação e desenho of rio de janeiro | |
| the escola médico -cirúrgica of goa | |
| 2006 | |
| public money | |
| over 23 years old | |
| developing health policy as well as managing the sns | |
| five | |
| implementing the national health policy objectives , developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery | |
| noncommunicable diseases | |
| ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease | |
| cerebrovascular disease | |
| 12 % | |
| children as well as among women younger than 44 years | |
| self -reporting at the household level | |
| one third | |
| 1990s and 2000s | |
| 1956 | |
| lisbon | |
| belém cultural centre in lisbon , serralves foundation and the casa da música | |
| fifteen | |
| portuguese late gothic | |
| a sumptuous , composite portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century | |
| a 20th -century interpretation of traditional architecture | |
| eduardo souto de moura , álvaro siza vieira -lrb -both pritzker prize winners -rrb - and gonçalo byrne | |
| stadium design | |
| late 19th century | |
| arthur duarte , antónio lopes ribeiro , antónio reis , pedro costa , manoel de oliveira , joão césar monteiro , antónio -pedro vasconcelos , fernando lopes | |
| joaquim de almeida , daniela ruah , maria de medeiros , diogo infante , soraia chaves , ribeirinho , lúcia moniz , and diogo morgado | |
| late 19th century | |
| arthur duarte , antónio lopes ribeiro , antónio reis , pedro costa , manoel de oliveira , joão césar monteiro , antónio -pedro vasconcelos , fernando lopes | |
| joaquim de almeida , daniela ruah , maria de medeiros , diogo infante , soraia chaves , ribeirinho , lúcia moniz , and diogo morgado | |
| adventurer and poet | |
| `` os lusíadas '' -lrb -the lusiads -rrb- | |
| virgil 's aeneid | |
| neoclassic and contemporary styles | |
| almeida garrett , camilo castelo branco , eça de queiroz , fernando pessoa , sophia de mello breyner andresen , antónio lobo antunes and miguel torga | |
| bacalhau | |
| grilled sardines and caldeirada | |
| a potato -based stew that can be made from several types of fish | |
| beef , pork , lamb , or chicken | |
| arroz de sarrabulho -lrb -rice stewed in pigs blood -rrb - or the arroz de cabidela -lrb -rice and chickens meat stewed in chickens blood -rrb- | |
| francesinha -lrb -frenchie -rrb - from porto , and bifanas -lrb -grilled pork -rrb - or prego -lrb -grilled beef -rrb - sandwiches | |
| in the many medieval catholic monasteries spread widely across the country | |
| almonds , flour , eggs and some liquor | |
| pastéis de belém -lrb -or pastéis de nata -rrb - originally from lisbon , and ovos moles from aveiro | |
| since the times of the romans | |
| bacchus | |
| vinho verde , vinho alvarinho , vinho do douro , vinho do alentejo , vinho do dão , vinho da bairrada and the sweet: port wine , madeira wine | |
| port and madeira | |
| festival sudoeste in zambujeira do mar , festival de paredes de coura in paredes de coura , festival vilar de mouros near caminha , | |
| flowfest or hip hop porto | |
| one of the largest international goa trance festivals takes place in central portugal every two years | |
| european festival award 2010 – green 'n 'clean festival of the year and the greener festival award outstanding 2008 and 2010 | |
| 2005 | |
| artur pizarro , maria joão pires , sequeira costa | |
| carlos damas , gerardo ribeiro | |
| josé vianna da motta , carlos seixas , joão domingos bomtempo , joão de sousa carvalho , luís de freitas branco and his student joly braga santos | |
| nuno malo and miguel d 'oliveira | |
| 20th century | |
| french painters , particularly by the delaunays | |
| canção popular a russa e o fígaro | |
| vieira da silva , júlio pomar , helena almeida , joana vasconcelos , julião sarmento and paula rego | |
| football | |
| eusébio | |
| luís figo and cristiano ronaldo | |
| fifa world player of the year | |
| josé mourinho , andré villas -boas , fernando santos , carlos queiroz and manuel josé | |
| sl benfica , fc porto , and sporting cp | |
| `` os três grandes '' -lrb -`` the big three '' -rrb- | |
| eight | |
| roller hockey , basketball , futsal , handball , and volleyball | |
| portuguese football federation -lrb -fpf -rrb - – federação portuguesa de futebol | |
| 1977 | |
| hip hop | |
| omari | |
| june 8 , 1977 | |
| roc -a-fella records | |
| jay -z and alicia keys | |
| 7 | |
| jay-z | |
| chicago | |
| producer | |
| 2004 | |
| 7 | |
| 32 million | |
| 100 million | |
| grammy | |
| 3 | |
| time | |
| 32 million | |
| 21 | |
| 3 | |
| 2005 and 2015 | |
| english | |
| atlanta | |
| good water store and café | |
| chicago state university | |
| polaris high school | |
| nanjing , china | |
| foreigner | |
| a 's and b 's | |
| 10 | |
| nanjing university | |
| poetry | |
| `` green eggs and ham '' | |
| dj no i .d. | |
| writing poetry | |
| green eggs and ham | |
| no i .d. | |
| american academy of art | |
| 20 | |
| chicago 's american academy of art | |
| english | |
| 20 | |
| college dropout | |
| local artists | |
| classic soul records | |
| go -getters | |
| mid -1990s | |
| mid -1990s | |
| deric `` d -dot '' angelettie | |
| go -getters | |
| hustle period | |
| 1999 | |
| foxy brown | |
| ma $e , raekwon , and eminem. | |
| foxy brown | |
| tell 'em why u madd | |
| roc -a-fella records | |
| the blueprint | |
| 2000 | |
| the blueprint | |
| rapper | |
| capitol records | |
| rapper | |
| gangsta image | |
| capitol records | |
| joe weinberger | |
| roc -a-fella | |
| a producer | |
| joe weinberger | |
| roc -a-fella | |
| through the wire | |
| get well soon ... | |
| the college dropout | |
| october 23 , 2002 | |
| `` through the wire '' | |
| get well soon | |
| it was leaked | |
| 3 | |
| los angeles | |
| 3 | |
| august 2003 | |
| 2 | |
| 2 | |
| jesus walks | |
| good music | |
| february 2004 | |
| `` slow jamz '' | |
| 10 | |
| good music | |
| string orchestra | |
| jon brion | |
| late registration | |
| 2 .3 million | |
| portishead | |
| late registration | |
| 2 .3 million | |
| best new artist | |
| hurricane katrina | |
| rolling stone | |
| best new artist | |
| mike myers | |
| rolling stone | |
| a concert for hurricane relief | |
| u2 | |
| large arenas | |
| bob dylan and johnny cash | |
| u2 | |
| 1980s | |
| the rolling stones | |
| bob dylan | |
| graduation | |
| 50 cent | |
| 957 ,000 | |
| daft punk | |
| graduation | |
| 50 cent | |
| daft punk | |
| alexis phifer | |
| auto -tune | |
| 2007 | |
| alexis phifer | |
| glow in the dark tour | |
| hawaii | |
| `` love lockdown '' | |
| island def jam | |
| 808s & heartbreak | |
| island def jam | |
| november 2008 | |
| heartless | |
| roland tr -808 drum machine | |
| matthew trammell | |
| matthew trammell | |
| 2009 mtv video music awards | |
| taylor swift | |
| lady gaga | |
| 2009 | |
| beyoncé | |
| lady gaga | |
| 52nd grammy awards | |
| hawaii | |
| fashion | |
| hawaii | |
| my beautiful dark twisted fantasy | |
| album of the year | |
| my beautiful dark twisted fantasy | |
| november 2010 | |
| `` all of the lights '' | |
| good fridays | |
| coachella | |
| jay-z | |
| cannes film festival | |
| coachella | |
| watch the throne | |
| `` niggas in paris '' | |
| 2012 | |
| 2012 cannes film festival | |
| paris | |
| yeezus | |
| kendrick lamar | |
| 2013 | |
| architecture | |
| yeezus | |
| june 18 , 2013 | |
| kendrick lamar | |
| north | |
| adidas | |
| paul mccartney | |
| 2015 brit awards | |
| kim kardashian | |
| north | |
| florence | |
| paul mccartney | |
| yeezy season 1 | |
| swish | |
| art institute of chicago | |
| 135 ,000 | |
| so help me god | |
| school of the art institute of chicago | |
| 135 ,000 | |
| february 11 | |
| waves | |
| wiz khalifa | |
| the life of pablo | |
| tidal | |
| `` facts '' | |
| waves | |
| wiz khalifa | |
| yeezy season 3 | |
| david bowie | |
| wu -tang clan | |
| chipmunk soul | |
| david bowie | |
| puff daddy | |
| `` this can 't be life '' | |
| jon brion | |
| orchestral elements , including string arrangements , piano chords , brass flecks , and horn riffs among other symphonic instrumentation | |
| a string section | |
| jon brion | |
| portishead | |
| graduation | |
| more atmospheric , rock -tinged , electronic -influenced soundscape | |
| melody and chord progression | |
| 2007 | |
| electropop | |
| gary numan , tj swan and boy george | |
| dense drums , lengthy strings , droning synthesizers , and somber piano | |
| boy george | |
| post -punk | |
| rolling stone | |
| my beautiful dark twisted fantasy | |
| simon vozick -levinson | |
| jon brion | |
| dj toomp | |
| 808s & heartbreak | |
| my beautiful dark twisted fantasy | |
| a protest to music | |
| le corbusier | |
| 2013 | |
| yeezus | |
| clothing line | |
| cancelled | |
| september 2005 | |
| 2009 | |
| nike | |
| louis vuitton | |
| women | |
| mixed -to -negative reviews | |
| march 6 , 2012 | |
| october 1 , 2011 | |
| dw kanye west | |
| october 1 , 2011 | |
| dw kanye west | |
| mixed -to -negative | |
| march 6 , 2012 | |
| adidas | |
| 3 | |
| adidas yeezy boosts | |
| 9000 | |
| adidas yeezy boosts | |
| 2015 | |
| the life of pablo | |
| fatburger | |
| 2 | |
| shut down | |
| fatburger | |
| 2 | |
| 2011 | |
| kw foods llc | |
| good music | |
| pusha t | |
| 2004 | |
| john legend | |
| pusha t | |
| to make products and experiences that people want and can afford | |
| mother donda west | |
| january 5 , 2012 | |
| tidal | |
| jay-z | |
| low payout of royalties | |
| tidal | |
| lossless audio and high definition music videos | |
| jay z | |
| spotify | |
| kanye west foundation | |
| battle dropout and illiteracy rates , while partnering with community organizations to provide underprivileged youth access to music education | |
| kanye west foundation | |
| 2007 | |
| chicago | |
| music education | |
| `` ed in '08 '' | |
| august | |
| the dr . donda west foundation | |
| 2011 | |
| 2008 | |
| the dr . donda west foundation | |
| 2008 | |
| 100 black men of america , a live earth concert benefit , world water day rally | |
| a concert for hurricane relief | |
| george w . bush | |
| george w . bush | |
| september 2 , 2005 | |
| rick kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to chris tucker | |
| george bush | |
| `` one of the most disgusting moments '' of his presidency | |
| matt lauer | |
| kazakhstan | |
| $3 million | |
| one of the poorest | |
| kazakhstan | |
| arizona | |
| human rights concerns | |
| jimmy kimmel live! | |
| an apology | |
| jimmy kimmel | |
| zane lowe | |
| bbc radio 1 | |
| obama | |
| jewish people | |
| november 26 , 2013 | |
| december 21 , 2013 | |
| bill cosby | |
| bill cosby | |
| gretchen wilson | |
| touch the sky | |
| gretchen wilson | |
| touch the sky | |
| november 7 , 2006 | |
| saturday night live | |
| race | |
| stronger | |
| his race | |
| `` stronger '' | |
| taylor swift | |
| obama | |
| president barack obama | |
| taylor swift | |
| famous | |
| september 2010 | |
| november 8 , 2010 | |
| the life of pablo | |
| beck | |
| beyoncé | |
| beck | |
| february 26 , 2015 | |
| michael jackson video vanguard award | |
| 2020 | |
| michael jackson video vanguard award | |
| glastonbury festival 2015 | |
| 2015 pan american games | |
| change .org | |
| glastonbury festival | |
| 50 ,000 | |
| alexis phifer | |
| amber rose | |
| kim kardashian | |
| 2 | |
| 2002 | |
| august 2006 | |
| amber rose | |
| april 2012 | |
| armenian apostolic church at the cathedral of st . james | |
| 58 | |
| andre aboolian | |
| 7:35 pm | |
| heart disease | |
| andre aboolian | |
| jan adams | |
| larry king live | |
| `` coronary artery disease and multiple post -operative factors due to or as a consequence of liposuction and mammoplasty '' | |
| ed mcpherson | |
| violating patient confidentiality | |
| larry king live | |
| january 10 , 2008 | |
| oklahoma city | |
| `` hey mama '' , as well as a cover of journey 's `` don 't stop believin ' '' | |
| oklahoma city | |
| november 20 , 2007 | |
| november 22 | |
| glow in the dark tour | |
| new zealand | |
| new zealand | |
| arnold schwarzenegger | |
| arnold schwarzenegger | |
| `` donda west law '' | |
| robert `` evel '' knievel | |
| days before his death in november 2007 | |
| robert `` evel '' knievel | |
| evel kanyevel | |
| november 2007 | |
| felony vandalism | |
| $20 ,000 | |
| one count of misdemeanor vandalism , one count of grand theft and one count of battery | |
| september 11 , 2008 | |
| felony vandalism | |
| don `` don c . '' crowley | |
| $20 ,000 | |
| scuffle involving a photographer outside the famous tup tup palace nightclub in newcastle | |
| november 14 , 2008 | |
| hilton hotel near gateshead | |
| tup tup palace nightclub | |
| daniel ramos | |
| misdemeanor criminal battery and attempted grand theft | |
| daniel ramos | |
| 2 | |
| anger management | |
| 250 | |
| christian | |
| the college dropout | |
| christian | |
| among the most critically acclaimed | |
| david bowie | |
| jon caramanic | |
| ben westhoff | |
| the guardian | |
| homophobia in hip hop | |
| gangsta rap | |
| middle -class | |
| 50 cent | |
| ben detrick | |
| influential | |
| inventor elon musk | |
| 6 | |
| over 30 million | |
| 6 | |
| yeezus | |
| 3 ,086 ,000 | |
| third | |
| 30 million | |
| 21 | |
| bob dylan | |
| twice | |
| 21 | |
| 8 | |
| may 16 , 2008 | |
| mtv man of the year | |
| bob dylan | |
| 3 | |
| 3 | |
| my beautiful dark twisted fantasy | |
| eighth | |
| the pitchfork | |
| yeezus | |
| `` runaway '' | |
| george w . bush | |
| taylor swift | |
| clothing and footwear | |
| donda | |
| 2013 | |
| nontheistic | |
| teachings attributed to gautama buddha | |
| present -day nepal | |
| through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the four noble truths | |
| ignorance and craving | |
| nontheistic religion | |
| gautama buddha | |
| between the 6th and 4th centuries bce | |
| present -day nepal | |
| gautama buddha | |
| nepal | |
| sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries bce | |
| gautama buddha | |
| 4 | |
| indian | |
| buddha | |
| theravada -lrb -`` the school of the elders '' -rrb - and mahayana -lrb -`` the great vehicle '' -rrb- | |
| vajrayana | |
| sri lanka and southeast asia | |
| pure land , zen , nichiren buddhism , shingon , and tiantai -lrb -tendai -rrb- | |
| 488 million -lsb -web 1 -rsb - and 535 million | |
| mahayana | |
| vajrayana | |
| vajrayana | |
| indian siddhas | |
| the school of the elders | |
| the attainment of the sublime state of nirvana | |
| practicing the noble eightfold path -lrb -also known as the middle way -rrb- | |
| a state wherein one remains in this cycle to help other beings reach awakening | |
| buddhahood or rainbow body | |
| by practicing the noble eightfold path | |
| theravada | |
| tibetan | |
| the middle way | |
| bodhisattva | |
| suffering and rebirth | |
| the buddha , the dharma -lrb -the teachings -rrb - , and the sangha -lrb -the community -rrb- | |
| cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment | |
| ten meritorious deeds | |
| renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic | |
| creator | |
| greediness | |
| mahayana | |
| nidānakathā of the jataka tales of the theravada | |
| buddhacarita , the lokottaravādin mahāvastu , and the sarvāstivādin lalitavistara sūtra | |
| most accept that he lived , taught and founded a monastic order | |
| 5th century ce | |
| the buddhacarita | |
| buddha | |
| buddha | |
| monastic | |
| 5th ce | |
| michael carrithers | |
| birth , maturity , renunciation | |
| karen armstrong | |
| siddhatta gotama | |
| disciples | |
| michael carrithers | |
| the buddha | |
| siddhatta gotama | |
| fifth century bce | |
| in a community that was on the periphery , both geographically and culturally , of the northeastern indian subcontinent | |
| it was either a small republic , in which case his father was an elected chieftain , or an oligarchy , in which case his father was an oligarch. | |
| the northeastern indian subcontinent | |
| fifth century bce | |
| a small republic | |
| early texts | |
| an oligarchy | |
| siddhārtha gautama | |
| elected chieftain | |
| asita | |
| siddhartha would either become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man | |
| depending on whether he saw what life was like outside the palace walls | |
| an astrologer | |
| suddhodana | |
| a great king | |
| asita | |
| suddhodana | |
| holy man | |
| prevented him from leaving the palace grounds | |
| 29 | |
| he learned of the suffering of ordinary people | |
| encountering an old man , a sick man , a corpse and , finally , an ascetic holy man | |
| a king | |
| 29 | |
| the four sights | |
| abandon royal life | |
| a king | |
| 29 | |
| four | |
| corpse | |
| went to study with famous religious teachers of the day | |
| the middle way | |
| prolonged fasting , breath -holding , and exposure to pain | |
| meditation | |
| asceticism | |
| milk and rice | |
| middle way | |
| they did not provide a permanent end to suffering | |
| milk and rice | |
| anapanasati | |
| the middle way | |
| 35 | |
| ficus religiosa | |
| he spent the rest of his life teaching the path of awakening he had discovered | |
| 80 | |
| jaya sri maha bodhi | |
| ficus religiosa | |
| bodhi tree | |
| 80 | |
| bodhi tree | |
| ficus religiosa | |
| bodh gaya | |
| jaya sri maha bodhi | |
| the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death | |
| ignorance | |
| suffering , anxiety , dissatisfaction | |
| in the buddhist view , liberation from samsara is possible by following the buddhist path. | |
| samsara | |
| six | |
| ignorance | |
| by following the buddhist path | |
| the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death | |
| six | |
| psychological | |
| avidya | |
| following the buddhist path | |
| action , work | |
| the force that drives saṃsāra | |
| sīla | |
| actions of body , speech or mind that spring from mental intent | |
| action , work | |
| sīla | |
| cetanā | |
| vipāka | |
| the force that drives saṃsāra | |
| sīla | |
| result | |
| theravada buddhism | |
| the lotus sutra , the aṅgulimālīya sūtra and the mahāyāna mahāparinirvāṇa sūtra | |
| vajrayana | |
| amitābha | |
| theravada buddhism | |
| amitābha | |
| mahayana | |
| negative | |
| genshin | |
| amitābha | |
| rebirth | |
| the doctrine of anattā -lrb -sanskrit anātman -rrb- | |
| the laws of cause and effect | |
| from conception to death. | |
| karma | |
| rebirth | |
| anatta | |
| pratītyasamutpāda | |
| eternal soul | |
| skilled buddhist practitioners known as anāgāmis -lrb -non -returners -rrb- | |
| those who can meditate on the arūpajhānas , the highest object of meditation | |
| 31 | |
| pure abodes | |
| anāgāmis | |
| formless realms | |
| arūpajhānas | |
| 31 | |
| anāgāmis | |
| arūpajhānas | |
| formless realms | |
| east asian and tibetan | |
| theravada | |
| samyutta nikaya of the pali canon | |
| bardo | |
| theravada | |
| samyutta nikaya | |
| east asian | |
| east asian and tibetan | |
| orthodox | |
| pali | |
| the four noble truths | |
| the nature of dukkha -lrb -suffering , anxiety , unsatisfactoriness -rrb - , its causes , and how it can be overcome | |
| the four noble truths | |
| suffering | |
| four noble truths | |
| dukkha | |
| the nature of dukkha | |
| `` suffering '' , `` anxiety '' , `` unsatisfactoriness '' , `` unease '' , etc. | |
| dukkha | |
| suffering | |
| anxiety | |
| three | |
| unsatisfactoriness | |
| dukkha | |
| three | |
| that the origin of dukkha can be known | |
| craving -lrb -pali: tanha -rrb - conditioned by ignorance -lrb -pali: avijja -rrb- | |
| the complete cessation of dukkha is possible | |
| identifies a path to this cessation | |
| dukkha can be known. | |
| craving | |
| ignorance | |
| the origin of dukkha can be known | |
| ignorance | |
| true nature of things | |
| dukkha | |
| the noble eightfold path | |
| lead to the cessation of dukkha | |
| right view -lrb -or right understanding -rrb - , right intention -lrb -or right thought -rrb - , right speech , right action , right livelihood , right effort , right mindfulness , and right concentration | |
| the fourth | |
| eight | |
| the cessation of dukkha | |
| right action | |
| the fourth | |
| eight | |
| dukkha | |
| ajahn sucitto | |
| as eight significant dimensions of one 's behaviour | |
| mental , spoken , and bodily | |
| ajahn sucitto | |
| the yoga practice of his teacher kalama with what later became known as `` the immeasurables '' | |
| one without egotism | |
| brahmaviharas , divine abodes , or simply as four immeasurables | |
| mettā or loving -kindness meditation | |
| wholesome attitudes towards all sentient beings | |
| kalama | |
| egotism | |
| love , compassion , joy , and equanimity | |
| pema chödrön | |
| meditation | |
| prior to his enlightenment | |
| the middle way | |
| enlightenment | |
| abhidharma , buddhist philosophy and reality in buddhism | |
| some schools of buddhism discourage doctrinal study , and some regard it as essential practice. | |
| buddhist scholars | |
| doctrinal | |
| liberation | |
| suffering -lrb -dukkha -rrb - and the cycle of incessant rebirths -lrb -saṃsāra -rrb- | |
| nirvāṇa | |
| nirvāṇa | |
| objects | |
| three | |
| all compounded or conditioned phenomena -lrb -all things and experiences -rrb - are inconstant , unsteady , and impermanent | |
| in the aging process , the cycle of rebirth -lrb -saṃsāra -rrb - , and in any experience of loss | |
| because things are impermanent | |
| everything | |
| ceasing to be | |
| saṃsāra | |
| suffering | |
| suffering , pain , unsatisfactoriness , sorrow , affliction , anxiety , dissatisfaction , discomfort , anguish , stress , misery , and frustration | |
| disquietude | |
| realistic | |
| buddhism | |
| disquietude | |
| disquietude | |
| dukkha | |
| not -self -lrb -pāli: anatta; sanskrit: anātman -rrb- | |
| suffering | |
| the buddha refused to answer | |
| neither the respective parts nor the person as a whole comprise a self | |
| not -self | |
| nikayas | |
| `` i have no self '' | |
| skandhas | |
| pratītyasamutpāda , -lrb -sanskrit; pali: paticcasamuppāda; tibetan wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; chinese: 緣起 -rrb- | |
| `` dependent origination '' , `` conditioned genesis '' , `` dependent relationship '' , `` dependent co -arising '' , `` interdependent arising '' , or `` contingency '' | |
| buddhist | |
| the scheme of twelve nidānas | |
| the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth -lrb -saṃsāra -rrb - in detail. | |
| twelve nidānas | |
| cause , foundation , source or origin | |
| the twelve nidānas | |
| the twelve nidānas | |
| by attaining nirvana | |
| ignorance | |
| the absence of the others | |
| sentient beings | |
| dukkha | |
| attaining nirvana | |
| ignorance | |
| śūnyatā | |
| emptiness | |
| ātman | |
| phenomena | |
| sarvastivada teachings | |
| vasubandhu and asanga | |
| cittamatra | |
| vasubandhu and asanga | |
| buddha -nature | |
| perfected spiritual insight | |
| sakya | |
| jonang | |
| tathāgatagarbha | |
| nirvana | |
| nirvana | |
| arahant | |
| bodhi | |
| nirvana | |
| raga | |
| dosa | |
| delusion | |
| bodhisattva | |
| a buddha | |
| nirvana | |
| parinirvana | |
| a buddha | |
| samsara | |
| suffering | |
| 28 | |
| maitreya | |
| celestial | |
| reality | |
| arahants | |
| bodhi | |
| anagami | |
| buddha | |
| buddha | |
| mahayana | |
| existence | |
| monks | |
| śūnyatā | |
| bodhisattvas | |
| pure land | |
| pure land | |
| amitabha | |
| gautama buddha | |
| a buddha era | |
| gautama buddha | |
| gautama buddha | |
| mahayana buddhists | |
| theravada | |
| pure land | |
| enlightenment being | |
| bodhicitta | |
| mahayana | |
| mahayana | |
| mahayana | |
| mahayana | |
| bodhisattva vow | |
| dāna , śīla , kṣanti , vīrya , dhyāna , and prajñā | |
| the 14th dalai lama | |
| buddhists | |
| bowing , offerings , pilgrimage , and chanting | |
| meditative | |
| the buddha | |
| brahminic | |
| liberating | |
| the yogis | |
| mindfulness and clear awareness | |
| vision | |
| meditative | |
| transcendent wisdom | |
| buddhist texts | |
| buddhist texts | |
| upanishads | |
| meditation | |
| contemplative | |
| nasadiya sukta | |
| the three jewels | |
| majjhima nikaya | |
| tibetan | |
| essence. | |
| the three jewels | |
| gautama buddha | |
| dharma | |
| sangha | |
| śīla | |
| pāramitā | |
| keeping the precepts | |
| śīla | |
| keeping the precepts | |
| overall principles of ethical behavior | |
| precepts | |
| asceticism. | |
| training rules | |
| ethical | |
| lower | |
| third | |
| a precept of celibacy | |
| ten | |
| seventh | |
| the ten precepts | |
| vinaya | |
| 227 | |
| vinayapitaka | |
| counts | |
| life | |
| higher attainments | |
| islands unto themselves | |
| mahayana brahmajala | |
| meat | |
| japan | |
| zen | |
| jhānas | |
| right concentration | |
| samādhi | |
| defilement , calm , tranquil , and luminous | |
| jhāna | |
| vipassanā | |
| insight | |
| idea | |
| jhāna | |
| mind | |
| disturbed | |
| jñāna | |
| prajñā | |
| understanding | |
| craving | |
| defilements | |
| suffering and stress | |
| nibbāna | |
| four | |
| bodhi | |
| prajñā | |
| sermons | |
| at any point | |
| conceptual understanding | |
| seon | |
| zen | |
| zen | |
| spiritual | |
| two | |
| rinzai | |
| zen | |
| true self | |
| thinking and thought | |
| mahayana | |
| diamond vehicle | |
| tantric | |
| ritual | |
| second half of the first millennium bce | |
| the shramanas | |
| shramanas | |
| non -vedic | |
| greater magadha | |
| rajagrha | |
| 2nd or 3rd centuries | |
| in the upanishads | |
| pakudha kaccayana | |
| ajnanas | |
| jains | |
| vedic animal sacrifice | |
| hymn of the cosmic man | |
| animal sacrifices | |
| vedas | |
| the reliability | |
| insight | |
| rupa jhanas | |
| majjhima nikaya | |
| rebirth | |
| karma | |
| dhyana | |
| meditative | |
| fourth | |
| liberating insight | |
| linear | |
| nirvāna | |
| nikayas | |
| nirvāna | |
| the middle way | |
| eightfold | |
| prajna | |
| liberating insight | |
| person | |
| three | |
| five | |
| early buddhism | |
| sectarian | |
| esoteric buddhism | |
| vajrayana | |
| pre -sectarian | |
| rebirth | |
| noble eightfold | |
| buddhist | |
| ānanda | |
| sūtras | |
| abhidhamma | |
| the second | |
| the second council | |
| 100 bce | |
| mahasanghikas | |
| mahasanghika | |
| the vinaya | |
| sthaviras | |
| monasteries | |
| doctrinal | |
| abhidharma | |
| summaries or numerical lists | |
| 3rd century bce | |
| mahasanghika | |
| prajñāpāramitā | |
| āndhra | |
| prajñāpāramitā | |
| 1st century bce | |
| āndhra | |
| third | |
| south | |
| buddhism | |
| vinaya | |
| monasteries | |
| chinese | |
| lokakṣema | |
| prajñāpāramitā | |
| 1st | |
| madhyamaka , yogacara , tathagatagarbha , and buddhist logic | |
| buddhist logic | |
| yogacara | |
| ashoka | |
| stūpas | |
| buddhist religious memorials | |
| west | |
| missionaries | |
| to spread buddhism | |
| persian and greek | |
| menander | |
| 3rd century | |
| 3rd century | |
| 2nd century ce | |
| 2nd century ce | |
| korea and japan | |
| 8th century onwards | |
| buddhist | |
| the teachings of the buddha | |
| the buddhist community | |
| progressive | |
| modern influences | |
| second half of the 20th century | |
| neo -buddhism | |
| nichiren buddhism: soka gakkai | |
| value creation society | |
| soka gakkai international | |
| sgi | |
| buddhism | |
| china | |
| 244 million | |
| 360 million | |
| 150 million | |
| seven million | |
| 138 million | |
| 495 million | |
| 487 million | |
| lesser vehicle | |
| hinayana | |
| concepts | |
| buddhist ecumenical organization | |
| theravada | |
| ancestral sthāvirīya | |
| pali canon | |
| the west | |
| theravadin | |
| merit | |
| nālandā university | |
| mahayana sutras | |
| the buddha | |
| lotus sutra and the mahaparinirvana sutra | |
| eastern buddhism | |
| northern buddhism | |
| the pure land school of mahayana | |
| saivism | |
| buddhists | |
| the guhyasiddhi of padmavajra | |
| buddhist | |
| objects | |
| text | |
| āgamas | |
| core | |
| size and complexity of the buddhist canons | |
| dhammapada | |
| buddhism | |
| theravada | |
| zen | |
| the buddha and his dhamma | |
| pāli tipitaka | |
| the vinaya pitaka , the sutta pitaka , and the abhidhamma pitaka | |
| vinaya pitaka | |
| the sutta pitaka | |
| abhidhamma pitaka | |
| pāli tipitaka | |
| five or seven | |
| mahākāśyapa | |
| to record the buddha 's teachings | |
| upāli | |
| ānanda | |
| dhamma | |
| theravadin | |
| the theravadins | |
| mahayana sutras | |
| mahayana sutras | |
| sarvastivada abhidharma | |
| mahayana | |
| the great vehicle | |
| bodhisattva path | |
| mahayana | |
| mahayana | |
| mahayana tradition | |
| six hundred | |
| east asian buddhism | |
| after the 5th century ce | |
| hinayana | |
| the theravada | |
| sri lanka | |
| hinayana | |
| hinayana | |
| śrāvakayāna | |
| buddhism | |
| ethics | |
| moral and spiritual | |
| christianity | |
| scientific | |
| buddhism | |
| buddhism | |
| simon fuller | |
| 19 entertainment | |
| 2002 | |
| pop idol | |
| fox | |
| 19 entertainment | |
| pop idol | |
| simon fuller | |
| 19 entertainment | |
| june 11 , 2002 | |
| pop idol | |
| randy jackson | |
| brian dunkleman | |
| jennifer lopez | |
| ryan seacrest | |
| brian dunkleman | |
| paula abdul | |
| jennifer lopez | |
| randy jackson | |
| paula abdul | |
| simon cowell | |
| keith urban | |
| harry connick , jr. | |
| 345 | |
| kelly clarkson | |
| a rival tv executive | |
| carrie underwood | |
| fantasia | |
| carrie underwood | |
| fantasia | |
| 345 | |
| a rival tv executive | |
| 2015 | |
| 2015 | |
| 15 | |
| eight | |
| may 11 , 2015 | |
| popstars | |
| simon fuller | |
| 2001 | |
| simon cowell | |
| nigel lythgoe | |
| popstars | |
| nigel lythgoe | |
| telephone voting | |
| 2001 | |
| lythgoe | |
| seven | |
| 2002 | |
| 2001 | |
| his daughter elisabeth | |
| rupert murdoch | |
| american idol: the search for a superstar | |
| eight | |
| four | |
| angie martinez | |
| stryker | |
| four | |
| dj stryker | |
| angie martinez | |
| season eight | |
| kara dioguardi | |
| ellen degeneres | |
| two | |
| 2010 | |
| the x factor | |
| kara dioguardi | |
| before season nine | |
| january 11 , 2010 | |
| ellen degeneres | |
| season ten | |
| season two | |
| adam lambert | |
| season three | |
| season six | |
| season nine | |
| lionel richie and robin gibb | |
| season eight | |
| season three | |
| ryan seacrest | |
| brian dunkleman | |
| randy jackson | |
| scott borchetta | |
| song choice and performance | |
| jimmy iovine | |
| randy jackson | |
| scott borchetta | |
| twenty -eight | |
| season four | |
| semi -final stage | |
| at least three | |
| the judges | |
| a few hundred | |
| in front of the judges | |
| three | |
| producers | |
| hollywood | |
| seven | |
| two and three | |
| usually three | |
| twelve | |
| three | |
| groups | |
| seasons two and three | |
| las vegas | |
| sudden death | |
| twelve | |
| 178 million | |
| ten | |
| telescope inc | |
| the semi -finals | |
| over 110 million | |
| nearly 750 million | |
| ten | |
| wildcard | |
| three groups of ten | |
| four groups of eight | |
| season one | |
| ten | |
| 12 | |
| twenty -four | |
| by gender | |
| six | |
| six | |
| twelve | |
| four | |
| three | |
| five | |
| thirteen | |
| season eight | |
| three | |
| four | |
| 10 | |
| cbs television city | |
| jimmy iovine | |
| thirteen | |
| eight | |
| cbs television city | |
| jimmy iovine | |
| one | |
| top four or five | |
| eight | |
| once | |
| safety | |
| season six | |
| fourteen | |
| fan save | |
| top 8 | |
| the nokia theatre | |
| 3 ,400 | |
| the finale | |
| dolby theatre | |
| 3 ,400 | |
| 6 ,000 | |
| nokia theatre | |
| 19 management | |
| big machine records | |
| three months | |
| a record deal | |
| 19 management | |
| big machine records | |
| a golden ticket | |
| a golden ticket | |
| the public | |
| seven | |
| ray chew | |
| ten | |
| rickey minor | |
| rickey minor | |
| ray chew | |
| seven | |
| fox | |
| 2002 | |
| brian dunkleman | |
| june 2002 | |
| fox | |
| ryan seacrest and brian dunkleman | |
| 121 | |
| around 10 ,000 | |
| jim verraros | |
| tamyra gray | |
| the hospital | |
| 121 | |
| 30 | |
| delano cagnolatti | |
| top four | |
| christina christian | |
| 2002 | |
| justin guarini | |
| september | |
| justin guarini | |
| kelly clarkson | |
| september 4 , 2002 | |
| a moment like this | |
| from justin to kelly | |
| more than 23 million | |
| a moment like this | |
| the coronation song | |
| a moment like this | |
| the beatles | |
| from justin to kelly | |
| more than 23 million | |
| 2003 | |
| kristin adams | |
| january 2003 | |
| kristin adams | |
| paula abdul | |
| frenchie davis | |
| corey clark | |
| jaered andrews | |
| corey clark | |
| frenchie davis | |
| jaered andrews | |
| ruben studdard | |
| 24 million | |
| clay aiken | |
| 134 ,000 | |
| nigel lythgoe | |
| ruben studdard | |
| clay aiken | |
| 134 ,000 | |
| 24 million | |
| clay aiken | |
| flying without wings | |
| josh gracin | |
| this is the night | |
| flying without wings | |
| this is the night | |
| aiken | |
| josh gracin | |
| 2004 | |
| william hung | |
| william hung | |
| january 19 , 2004 | |
| william hung | |
| william hung | |
| the three divas | |
| jennifer hudson | |
| elton john | |
| john stevens | |
| the three divas | |
| jennifer hudson | |
| elton john | |
| john stevens | |
| diana degarmo | |
| i believe | |
| dreams | |
| summertime | |
| simon cowell | |
| fantasia and diana degarmo | |
| fantasia | |
| i believe | |
| nikko smith | |
| nikko smith | |
| freemantle media | |
| vazquez | |
| top 11 week | |
| the following night | |
| 2005 | |
| 65 million | |
| inside your heaven | |
| carrie underwood | |
| may 2005 | |
| carrie underwood | |
| inside your heaven | |
| 14 million | |
| season five | |
| the brittenum twins | |
| season five | |
| january 17 , 2006 | |
| the brittenum twins | |
| chris daughtry | |
| chris daughtry | |
| chris daughtry | |
| chris daughtry | |
| lead singer | |
| chris daughtry | |
| i walk the line | |
| not crediting the arrangement to live | |
| taylor hicks | |
| do i make you proud | |
| my destiny | |
| may 30 , 2006 | |
| taylor hicks | |
| do i make you proud | |
| my destiny | |
| chris daughtry | |
| daughtry | |
| chris daughtry | |
| daughtry | |
| 2007 | |
| 37 .3 million | |
| january 16 , 2007 | |
| 37 .3 million | |
| sanjaya malakar | |
| howard stern | |
| vote for the worst | |
| april 18 | |
| sanjaya malakar | |
| sanjaya malakar | |
| hair | |
| vote for the worst | |
| howard stern | |
| april 18 | |
| idol gives back | |
| $76 million | |
| melinda doolittle | |
| idol gives back | |
| phil stacey and chris richardson | |
| melinda doolittle | |
| jordin sparks | |
| blake lewis | |
| may 23 | |
| may 23 | |
| jordin sparks | |
| blake lewis | |
| 2005 | |
| over 100 ,000 | |
| 28 | |
| season four | |
| season four | |
| january 18 , 2005 | |
| high definition | |
| over 100 ,000 | |
| 28 | |
| 2007 | |
| this is my now | |
| public vote | |
| american idol songwriter contest | |
| coronation song | |
| 20 | |
| this is my now | |
| may 24 , 2007 | |
| 2008 | |
| david hernandez | |
| carly smithson | |
| january 15 , 2008 | |
| david hernandez | |
| professional status | |
| carly smithson | |
| billie jean | |
| david cook | |
| chris cornell | |
| march 11 , 2008 | |
| march 11 , 2008 | |
| chris cornell | |
| david cook | |
| david archuleta | |
| season ten | |
| hallelujah | |
| jeff buckley | |
| itunes | |
| john lennon 's `` imagine '' | |
| jennifer lopez | |
| jason castro | |
| jeff buckley | |
| itunes | |
| david cook | |
| david cook | |
| may 21 , 2008 | |
| david cook | |
| the time of my life | |
| the american idol songwriter contest | |
| 2008 | |
| the time of my life | |
| may 22 , 2008 | |
| 2009 | |
| danny gokey | |
| president of alternative programming | |
| january | |
| january 13 , 2009 | |
| mike darnell | |
| danny gokey | |
| kara dioguardi | |
| two weeks | |
| so you think you can dance | |
| the kodak theatre | |
| the global recession | |
| four | |
| kara dioguardi | |
| so you think you can dance | |
| kodak theatre | |
| idol gives back | |
| 13 | |
| matt giraud | |
| two | |
| two | |
| lil rounds and anoop desai | |
| 13 | |
| two | |
| matt giraud | |
| kris allen and adam lambert | |
| kris allen | |
| arkansas | |
| 100 million | |
| kris allen | |
| season two | |
| 100 million | |
| at&t employees | |
| no boundaries | |
| dioguardi | |
| no boundaries | |
| dioguardi | |
| gold album status | |
| none | |
| 2010 | |
| ellen degeneres | |
| hollywood week | |
| january 12 , 2010 | |
| paula abdul | |
| ellen degeneres | |
| hollywood week | |
| crystal bowersox | |
| ken warwick | |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | |
| crystal bowersox | |
| top 20 week | |
| the schedule | |
| ken warwick | |
| producer | |
| michael lynche | |
| top nine | |
| adam lambert | |
| $45 million | |
| michael lynche | |
| adam lambert | |
| simon cowell | |
| tribute to simon cowell | |
| simon cowell | |
| paula abdul | |
| lee dewyze | |
| beautiful day | |
| may 26 | |
| dewyze | |
| beautiful day | |
| up to the mountain | |
| 2011 | |
| ten | |
| jimmy iovine | |
| the x factor | |
| nigel lythgoe | |
| january 19 , 2011 | |
| nigel lythgoe | |
| jennifer lopez and steven tyler | |
| jimmy iovine | |
| season ten | |
| myspace | |
| myspace | |
| online | |
| myspace | |
| chris medina | |
| top 40 | |
| casey abrams | |
| casey abrams | |
| chris medina | |
| top 40 round | |
| casey abrams | |
| top 13 result show | |
| abrams | |
| pia toscano | |
| tom hanks | |
| pia toscano | |
| tom hanks | |
| country | |
| scotty mccreery | |
| i love you this big | |
| like my mother does | |
| soulful | |
| may 25 | |
| scotty mccreery | |
| ruben studdard | |
| 2012 | |
| 25 | |
| jermaine jones | |
| january 18 , 2012 | |
| jermaine jones | |
| march 14 | |
| concealing arrests and outstanding warrants | |
| phillip phillips | |
| kidney stones | |
| eight | |
| phillip phillips | |
| phillip phillips | |
| kidney pain | |
| jessica sanchez | |
| jessica sanchez | |
| colton dixon | |
| final two | |
| top 7 | |
| jessica sanchez | |
| colton dixon | |
| diana degarmo | |
| five | |
| three | |
| phillips | |
| season five | |
| season three | |
| home | |
| change nothing | |
| home | |
| change nothing | |
| home | |
| 2013 | |
| judges | |
| tmz | |
| january 16 , 2013 | |
| four | |
| five | |
| lazaro arbos | |
| 10 | |
| five | |
| lazaro arbos | |
| four | |
| candice glover | |
| kree harrison | |
| i am beautiful | |
| all cried out | |
| candice glover | |
| kree harrison | |
| i am beautiful | |
| all cried out | |
| not signed by a music label | |
| randy jackson | |
| one | |
| randy jackson | |
| mariah carey and nicki minaj | |
| 2014 | |
| ryan seacrest | |
| in -mentor | |
| gregg gelfand | |
| january 15 , 2014 | |
| randy jackson | |
| jennifer lopez | |
| harry connick , jr. | |
| nigel lythgoe and ken warwick | |
| sam woolf | |
| top 3 performance night | |
| songs they wrote themselves | |
| sam woolf | |
| top 8 | |
| top 3 performance night | |
| caleb johnson | |
| jena irene | |
| as long as you love me | |
| we are one | |
| caleb johnson | |
| jena irene | |
| as long as you love me | |
| we are one | |
| 2015 | |
| ryan seacrest | |
| adam lambert | |
| judges | |
| randy jackson | |
| january 7 , 2015 | |
| adam lambert | |
| one | |
| coca cola | |
| ford motor company | |
| big machine records | |
| one | |
| coca cola | |
| ford motor company | |
| big machine records | |
| nick fradiani | |
| clark beckham | |
| jax | |
| beautiful life | |
| forcefield | |
| nick fradiani | |
| clark beckham | |
| beautiful life | |
| champion | |
| jax | |
| 2015 | |
| 15 | |
| 5 | |
| judges | |
| ryan seacrest | |
| may 11 , 2015 | |
| ryan seacrest | |
| 131 | |
| 2002 | |
| southern | |
| north carolina | |
| north carolina | |
| ten | |
| chris daughtry | |
| 47 million | |
| 16 percent | |
| 47 million | |
| 85 percent | |
| taylor hicks | |
| alabama | |
| church | |
| church | |
| alabama | |
| white guy with guitar | |
| phillip phillips | |
| american idol: the untold story | |
| five | |
| guitar | |
| white guy with guitar | |
| richard rushfield | |
| phillip phillips | |
| 19 entertainment | |
| ruben studdard | |
| clay aiken | |
| 2013 | |
| 100 million | |
| season two | |
| season eight | |
| power voting | |
| 2010 | |
| 2013 | |
| idol gives back | |
| $185 million | |
| idol gives back | |
| season six | |
| 2002 | |
| 9 .9 million | |
| 23 million | |
| summer | |
| june 2002 | |
| 9 .9 million | |
| 23 million | |
| 26 .5 million | |
| 21 .7 million | |
| ruben studdard | |
| season four | |
| season five | |
| 26 .5 million | |
| 21 .7 million | |
| four | |
| season six | |
| season six | |
| the death star | |
| nbc | |
| season six | |
| the death star | |
| decline | |
| results show | |
| season seven | |
| writers guild of america strike | |
| season seven | |
| kristy lee cook | |
| season seven | |
| the most watched tv network | |
| writers guild of america strike | |
| nbc | |
| cbs | |
| 2010 | |
| 2010 winter olympics | |
| 30 .1 million | |
| six | |
| 32.1 | |
| 47.2 | |
| 47.2 | |
| 32.1 | |
| eight | |
| sunday night football | |
| eight years | |
| 13 .3 million | |
| 13 | |
| 2002 | |
| 7 .2 million | |
| 13 .3 million | |
| coca -cola | |
| 8 .03 million | |
| 15 | |
| may 11 , 2015 | |
| 8 .03 million | |
| 9 | |
| 8 | |
| fox | |
| fox | |
| simon fuller | |
| dancing with the stars | |
| the voice | |
| american idol | |
| american idol | |
| american idol | |
| 345 | |
| rich meyer | |
| kelly clarkson | |
| 345 | |
| fred bronson | |
| four | |
| over four million | |
| 59 million | |
| 120 million | |
| 59 million | |
| 120 million | |
| jennifer hudson | |
| vocal coach | |
| musical theatre | |
| jennifer hudson | |
| dreamgirls | |
| debra byrd | |
| entertainment weekly | |
| the national anthem | |
| ken tucker | |
| entertainment weekly | |
| karla peterson | |
| lincoln memorial | |
| entertainment weekly | |
| simon cowell | |
| john mayer | |
| newsweek | |
| commercialism | |
| ann powers | |
| simon cowell | |
| john mayer | |
| elton john | |
| 2006 | |
| leann rimes | |
| usher | |
| carrie underwood | |
| faith hill | |
| leann rimes | |
| elton john | |
| country | |
| country music | |
| 9 | |
| bruce gower | |
| 8 | |
| idol gives back | |
| nine | |
| governor 's award in 2007 | |
| $900 million | |
| $6 .4 billion | |
| the american idol experience | |
| $900 million | |
| disney | |
| season four | |
| $1 .3 million | |
| less than $300 ,000 | |
| $737 ,000 | |
| four | |
| 800 million | |
| season one | |
| season one | |
| at&t wireless | |
| after season 13 | |
| seven | |
| 10 million | |
| 35 million | |
| at&t | |
| text -messaging | |
| 4 ,349 | |
| pepsico | |
| the x factor | |
| pepsico | |
| the x factor | |
| third | |
| season five | |
| m&m 's pretzel chocolate candies | |
| a semi -finalist who won a sing -off | |
| kellogg 's pop -tarts | |
| m&m 's pretzel chocolate candies | |
| season five | |
| season seven | |
| five | |
| itunes | |
| the winner 's coronation single | |
| as a compilation album | |
| the most successful soundtrack franchise | |
| itunes | |
| 19 recordings | |
| umg | |
| bmg | |
| 19 entertainment | |
| 19 recordings | |
| bmg | |
| sony music entertainment | |
| umg 's interscope -geffen -a&m records | |
| the walt disney company | |
| 2009 | |
| 2014 | |
| 19 entertainment | |
| february 14 , 2009 | |
| walt disney world | |
| dream ticket | |
| august 30 , 2014 | |
| over 100 | |
| ctv | |
| 2014 | |
| yes tv | |
| over 100 | |
| ctv and/or ctv two | |
| yes tv | |
| la3 | |
| one | |
| star world | |
| thursday and friday | |
| star world | |
| la3 | |
| ringers | |
| seven | |
| eight | |
| canis lupus familiaris | |
| domestic dog | |
| millennia | |
| sensory capabilities | |
| 2010s | |
| 40 ,000 | |
| eurasia | |
| starch -rich | |
| extensive genetic studies | |
| man 's best friend | |
| man 's best friend | |
| meat | |
| dukkōn | |
| proto -indo -european | |
| old english docga | |
| proto -indo -european | |
| hound | |
| mastiff. | |
| 16th | |
| hound | |
| 16th century | |
| hunting | |
| *kwon - `` dog '' | |
| a litter. | |
| sire | |
| poupée | |
| whelping | |
| bitch | |
| bitch | |
| litter | |
| sire | |
| dam | |
| pups | |
| canis | |
| 1758 | |
| linnaeus | |
| wolf | |
| mammal species of the world | |
| canis | |
| family dog | |
| canis lupus | |
| canis dingo | |
| 1982 | |
| 2003 | |
| mammal species of the world | |
| canis familiaris. | |
| iczn | |
| canis familiaris. | |
| iczn | |
| opinion 2027 | |
| genetic studies | |
| extinct. | |
| hunter -gatherers | |
| taimyr wolf of north asia | |
| human hunter -gatherers | |
| gray wolf | |
| taimyr | |
| modern dog breeds | |
| catching and tearing. | |
| scavengers | |
| wrist | |
| endurance | |
| catching and tearing | |
| scavengers | |
| height and weight. | |
| english mastiff | |
| english mastiff | |
| double | |
| soft down hair | |
| double | |
| topcoat only | |
| countershading | |
| upper surfaces | |
| countershading | |
| dark coloring | |
| visibility | |
| tails | |
| emotional state | |
| tails | |
| genetic ailments | |
| parasites | |
| unspayed | |
| unspayed females | |
| parasites | |
| toxic | |
| xylitol | |
| macadamia | |
| theobromine | |
| toxic | |
| nicotine | |
| dark | |
| 1 .2 years | |
| shorter | |
| 2013 | |
| 1 .2 years longer | |
| 10 to 13 years. | |
| dogue de bordeaux | |
| 5 .2 years | |
| 6 to 7 years. | |
| dogue de bordeaux | |
| 5 .2 years | |
| 14 to 15 years. | |
| bluey | |
| pusuke | |
| 1939 | |
| bluey | |
| 1939 | |
| pusuke | |
| two | |
| pregnancy. | |
| two years | |
| first estrous cycle | |
| 58 to 68 days | |
| 63 days | |
| about six | |
| one to four | |
| 63 days | |
| six | |
| one to four | |
| neutering | |
| the american society for the prevention of cruelty to animals -lrb -aspca -rrb- | |
| testicles | |
| ovaries and uterus | |
| testicles | |
| ovaries and uterus | |
| neutered | |
| neutering | |
| urinary incontinence | |
| spayed | |
| urinary incontinence | |
| prostate cancer | |
| rico | |
| chaser | |
| gesturing and pointing | |
| australian dingos | |
| to solve their problems for them. | |
| intelligence | |
| over 200 | |
| advanced | |
| over 1 ,000 | |
| 9 ,000–30 ,000 years bce | |
| humans. | |
| social -cognitive skills of human children | |
| humans. | |
| humans. | |
| dog behavior | |
| understand and communicate | |
| human children | |
| scents , pheromones and taste | |
| hand signals | |
| dog communication | |
| hand signals | |
| dogs. | |
| atrophy of the jaw muscles. | |
| diagnostic features | |
| once a year. | |
| behaviors. | |
| 11 | |
| morphology and behavior | |
| tameness | |
| fear and aggression | |
| production -related traits | |
| for their behaviors. | |
| 11 | |
| aggression | |
| 525 million | |
| 525 million | |
| human population densities | |
| apex | |
| fearless | |
| dogs | |
| apex | |
| sheep | |
| wolves | |
| leopards. | |
| striped hyenas | |
| alligators and pythons | |
| leopards | |
| tigers | |
| alligators and pythons | |
| striped hyenas | |
| omnivores | |
| vegetables and grains | |
| obligate | |
| carnivores or omnivores | |
| protein | |
| starch | |
| a few hundred years | |
| particular morphologies and behaviors | |
| selective breeding | |
| irish wolfhound | |
| a few hundred years old | |
| hundreds | |
| blue | |
| selective breeding | |
| breed | |
| modern kennel clubs. | |
| natural selection and selective breeding | |
| breeds | |
| non -scientific | |
| unsystematic. | |
| four | |
| malamute and shar pei | |
| herding | |
| four | |
| old world dogs | |
| all others | |
| bite inhibition | |
| sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication | |
| one of the most successful species on the planet today. | |
| bite inhibition | |
| hunter -gatherers | |
| aiding handicapped individuals. | |
| man 's best friend | |
| a source of meat | |
| food scraps. | |
| three dog night | |
| early warning. | |
| cleaning up food scraps | |
| three dog night | |
| cooperative hunting | |
| 2004 | |
| sense of smell | |
| the domestication of the wolf | |
| sled dogs | |
| bering land bridge | |
| 9 ,400 years | |
| 12 ,000 years ago | |
| athabascan | |
| apache and navajo tribes | |
| horse | |
| puppy | |
| humans and dogs | |
| after world war ii | |
| 1980s | |
| outside | |
| elites | |
| outside | |
| 1980s | |
| commodification | |
| dogs. | |
| two | |
| commodification | |
| everyday routines | |
| commodity forms | |
| 18th | |
| urine marking | |
| 18th century | |
| urine marking | |
| training | |
| part of the family | |
| dog whisperer. | |
| part of the family | |
| dog whisperer | |
| newspaper | |
| plates | |
| dog yoga. | |
| set tasks or routines | |
| the newspaper | |
| 77 .5 million | |
| 77 .5 million | |
| magnetic resonance imaging | |
| voices | |
| the brain | |
| emotion | |
| mri | |
| emotional | |
| man 's best friend | |
| hunt | |
| nets | |
| laika | |
| husky -terrier mix | |
| man 's best friend | |
| pointers and hounds | |
| nets | |
| laika | |
| 1957 | |
| service dogs | |
| medical care. | |
| breed shows | |
| a judge | |
| conformity with their established breed | |
| externally observable qualities | |
| conformation shows. | |
| a judge | |
| externally observable qualities | |
| health | |
| east asian countries | |
| taboo. | |
| dog fat | |
| western hypocrisy | |
| taboo | |
| medicinal properties | |
| gaejang -guk | |
| a spicy stew | |
| to balance the body 's heat | |
| scallions and chili powder. | |
| the summer months | |
| scallions and chili powder. | |
| 4 .5 million | |
| 17 | |
| 26 | |
| 4 .5 million | |
| 2000s | |
| less severe | |
| 12.9 | |
| 60.7 | |
| the face or neck. | |
| infections. | |
| colorado | |
| 60.7 | |
| infections. | |
| cats | |
| two -wheeled vehicles. | |
| two -wheeled vehicles | |
| dog roundworm | |
| dog feces | |
| 10 ,000 | |
| retinal damage and decreased vision. | |
| roundworm | |
| 14 | |
| 10 ,000 | |
| 24 | |
| retinal damage and decreased vision | |
| 2005 | |
| absenteeism from school | |
| 2005 | |
| exercise | |
| exercise | |
| immune -stimulating microorganisms | |
| social interactions | |
| 2015 | |
| anxiety | |
| strangers | |
| mental institutions | |
| social behaviors | |
| antisocial and violent behavior | |
| the late 18th century | |
| mental institutions | |
| dogs | |
| animal -assisted therapy | |
| diseases | |
| 40 times larger | |
| trillion | |
| 40 times larger | |
| 551 | |
| cerberus | |
| the gates of hades. | |
| garmr | |
| kimat | |
| thunder | |
| persian | |
| cerberus | |
| garmr | |
| god of thunder | |
| kimat | |
| the gates of naraka. | |
| yama | |
| bronze dog figurines. | |
| yama | |
| the gates of naraka | |
| mount | |
| bronze dog figurines | |
| as unclean | |
| scavengers | |
| the hague | |
| leather dog booties | |
| scavengers | |
| 2015 | |
| lérida , spain | |
| their luggage | |
| faithfulness. | |
| themselves | |
| feed | |
| faithfulness | |
| kind protectors. | |
| china | |
| as kind protectors | |
| caves. | |
| hunting | |
| caves | |
| hunting scenes | |
| became more elaborate | |
| humans | |
| male french bulldogs | |
| run away | |
| respond with aggression | |
| pet dogs living in human homes. | |
| significant benefits | |
| the domestication of dogs | |
| poorly controlled | |
| to the doctor | |
| 1936 summer olympics. | |
| 129 days | |
| one world , one dream | |
| journey of harmony | |
| one world , one dream | |
| beijing , china. | |
| `` journey of harmony '' | |
| 85 ,000 mi | |
| march 24 | |
| olympia , greece | |
| march 31 | |
| six | |
| silk road | |
| olympia , greece | |
| march 24 | |
| panathinaiko stadium | |
| march 31. | |
| mount everest | |
| hundreds | |
| effectively none | |
| protesting | |
| chinese security officials | |
| the chinese government | |
| supporters | |
| counter -protesters | |
| counter -protesters | |
| skirmishes | |
| latin america , africa , and western asia | |
| jacques rogge | |
| tibetan | |
| global relays | |
| jacques rogge | |
| could be expelled | |
| ioc members. | |
| global relays | |
| paralympic games | |
| paralympic games | |
| lucky cloud | |
| aluminum. | |
| 985 grams | |
| an ignition key | |
| lucky cloud | |
| aluminum. | |
| 37 | |
| 2 | |
| propane. | |
| a chartered air china airbus a330 | |
| red and yellow | |
| march 2008 | |
| 130 days | |
| airbus a330 | |
| red and yellow | |
| air china | |
| 130 | |
| 21 | |
| six | |
| taipei | |
| hong kong and macau | |
| continents | |
| taiwan. | |
| hong kong and macau | |
| 24 | |
| march 24 , 2008 | |
| olympia , greece. | |
| alexandros nikolaidis | |
| maria nafpliotou | |
| march 30 , 2008 | |
| olympia , greece. | |
| maria nafpliotou | |
| silver | |
| alexandros nikolaidis | |
| nepal. | |
| carrefour | |
| the lvmh group | |
| the french flag | |
| kunming | |
| the lvmh group | |
| censorship | |
| carrefour | |
| people 's daily | |
| people 's daily | |
| legal | |
| almaty | |
| nursultan nazarbaev. | |
| the president of kazakhstan | |
| astana square. | |
| uighur activists | |
| kazakhstan | |
| nursultan nazarbaev. | |
| 20 | |
| uighur | |
| april 3 | |
| taksim square | |
| sultanahmet square | |
| uyghurs living in turkey | |
| istanbul | |
| sultanahmet square | |
| taksim square. | |
| uyghurs | |
| arrested | |
| april 5 | |
| victory square | |
| palace square | |
| fedor emelianenko | |
| saint petersburg | |
| victory square | |
| palace square. | |
| fedor emelianenko | |
| london | |
| april 6 | |
| £750 ,000 | |
| london | |
| wembley stadium | |
| o2 arena | |
| 30 mi | |
| thugs | |
| 80 | |
| sir steve redgrave | |
| richard vaughan | |
| prime minister gordon brown | |
| sir steve redgrave | |
| 80 | |
| francesca martinez and richard vaughan | |
| 10 downing street | |
| ladbroke grove | |
| april 7 | |
| the eiffel tower | |
| by bus | |
| teddy riner | |
| april 7 | |
| paris | |
| eiffel tower | |
| 3 ,000 | |
| five | |
| green party officials. | |
| jin jing | |
| angel in wheelchair | |
| torch relay ceremony | |
| jin jing | |
| angel in wheelchair | |
| green party officials. | |
| reporters without borders | |
| the eiffel tower | |
| notre dame cathedral | |
| banner | |
| reporters without borders | |
| notre dame cathedral. | |
| the trocadéro | |
| jane birkin | |
| thupten gyatso | |
| trocadéro | |
| peaceful | |
| jane birkin | |
| freedom of speech | |
| the national assembly 's session | |
| respect for human rights in china | |
| freedom for tibet! | |
| parliament | |
| national assembly 's session | |
| respect for human rights in china | |
| freedom for tibet! | |
| tibetan flags | |
| libération | |
| the trocadéro | |
| michèle alliot -marie | |
| tibetan flags | |
| the trocadéro. | |
| michèle alliot -marie | |
| a police officer | |
| san francisco | |
| april 9 | |
| lin li | |
| san francisco international airport | |
| peter ueberroth | |
| san francisco | |
| april 9. | |
| norman bellingham | |
| justin herman plaza | |
| san francisco board of supervisors | |
| human rights abuses | |
| april 8 | |
| april 1 , 2008 | |
| san francisco board of supervisors | |
| united nations plaza | |
| richard gere | |
| golden gate bridge | |
| kpix -cbs5 | |
| china | |
| golden gate bridge | |
| laurel sutherlin | |
| five | |
| three | |
| a warehouse | |
| andrew michael | |
| andrew michael | |
| marina district | |
| san francisco international airport | |
| van ness avenue | |
| april 11 | |
| the lola mora amphitheatre | |
| mauricio macri | |
| buenos aires | |
| lola mora amphitheatre | |
| mauricio macri | |
| carlos espínola. | |
| confetti | |
| jorge carcavallo | |
| from the obelisk to the city hall | |
| free tibet | |
| jorge carcavallo. | |
| obelisk to the city hall | |
| human rights torch. | |
| free tibet | |
| human rights torch relay | |
| susan prager | |
| friends of falun gong | |
| diego maradona | |
| 1200 | |
| water balloons | |
| friends of falun gong | |
| diego maradona | |
| 1200 | |
| water balloons | |
| peaceful | |
| dar es salaam | |
| april 13 | |
| the tazara railway | |
| dar es salaam | |
| tazara | |
| benjamin mkapa national stadium | |
| china | |
| vice -president ali mohamed shein. | |
| muscat | |
| april 14 | |
| sulaf fawakherji | |
| muscat | |
| 20 | |
| sulaf fawakherji. | |
| april 16 | |
| jinnah stadium | |
| prime minister yousaf raza gillani | |
| islamabad | |
| jinnah stadium. | |
| april 17 | |
| 70 | |
| baichung bhutia | |
| five | |
| new delhi | |
| 1.5 | |
| 70 | |
| five | |
| baichung bhutia | |
| republic day celebrations | |
| nirupama sen. | |
| india 's commerce minister | |
| kamal nath | |
| 2 am | |
| republic day | |
| terrorist targets. | |
| 150 ,000 | |
| a democracy | |
| india | |
| 150 ,000 | |
| protests | |
| olympic holy flame protection unit | |
| relations | |
| the tibetan government in exile | |
| kiran bedi | |
| indian police service | |
| soha ali khan | |
| april 16 | |
| kiran bedi | |
| soha ali khan | |
| delhi | |
| police. | |
| caged woman | |
| april 18 | |
| m .r. narisa chakrabongse | |
| students | |
| april 18 | |
| 10 | |
| foreign protesters | |
| mom rajawongse narissara chakrabongse | |
| april 21 | |
| kuala lumpur | |
| independence square | |
| 1964 | |
| independence square | |
| petronas twin towers. | |
| 1964 | |
| 1000 | |
| falun gong | |
| falun gong | |
| plastic air -filled batons | |
| taiwan and tibet belong to china. | |
| placards | |
| april 22 | |
| the chinese embassy | |
| journalists | |
| jakarta | |
| 20 | |
| security worries | |
| stadium. | |
| outside the stadium. | |
| april 24 | |
| agnes shea | |
| a message stick | |
| australian and chinese officials | |
| canberra | |
| 16 | |
| reconciliation place | |
| australian federal police. | |
| agnes shea | |
| people 's liberation army personnel | |
| sacred torch | |
| tony goh | |
| stephen smith | |
| people 's liberation army | |
| australian police | |
| tony goh | |
| zhang rongan | |
| stephen smith | |
| lin hatfield dodds | |
| foreign minister stephen smith | |
| lin hatfield dodds | |
| stephen smith | |
| ted quinlan | |
| 600 | |
| the chinese embassy | |
| ian thorpe | |
| up to 600 | |
| between 2 ,000 and 10 ,000 | |
| ted quinlan | |
| the chinese embassy | |
| nagano | |
| april 26 | |
| nagano | |
| 1998 winter olympics | |
| japanese buddhist temple zenkō -ji | |
| a municipal building | |
| two | |
| seoul | |
| 1988 summer olympics | |
| olympic park | |
| chinese students | |
| seoul | |
| 1988 summer olympics | |
| april 28 | |
| kim yong nam | |
| pak du ik | |
| the juche tower | |
| pyongyang. | |
| april 28. | |
| pink paper flowers and small flags | |
| pak du ik | |
| a propaganda stunt. | |
| against human rights. | |
| unicef | |
| their staff | |
| raising awareness of conditions for children | |
| north korea | |
| april 29 | |
| ho chi minh city | |
| 60 | |
| the downtown opera house | |
| the military zone 7 competition hall stadium | |
| ho chi minh city. | |
| the spratly and paracel islands | |
| sansha | |
| hanoi and ho chi minh city. | |
| nguyễn tấn dũng | |
| seven | |
| điếu cày | |
| lê minh phiếu | |
| seven | |
| nguyễn văn hải | |
| tax evasion. | |
| lê minh phiếu | |
| disputed islands and dotted lines marking china 's maritime claims | |
| may 2 | |
| lee lai shan | |
| hong kong cultural centre | |
| golden bauhinia square in wan chai | |
| 120 | |
| may 2. | |
| donald tsang | |
| a dragon boat | |
| 120 | |
| pro -beijing camp politicians. | |
| plastic olympic flames | |
| tiananmen square protests | |
| christina chan | |
| police | |
| her human rights were breached. | |
| democracy. | |
| leung kwok -hung | |
| tibetan snow lion flag | |
| the color orange democracy group | |
| pillar of shame | |
| immigration reasons | |
| mia farrow | |
| one country , two systems | |
| the color orange | |
| pillar of shame | |
| immigration reasons | |
| mia farrow | |
| may 3 | |
| macau fisherman 's wharf | |
| 120 | |
| leong hong man | |
| athletes | |
| may 3 | |
| 120 | |
| leong hong man | |
| stanley ho. | |
| macao daily news | |
| cyberctm .com | |
| orchidbbs .com | |
| a macau resident | |
| cyberctm .com | |
| the head of the bureau of telecommunications regulation | |
| may 4 | |
| jackie chan | |
| may 4 | |
| april. | |
| ioc | |
| jackie chan. | |
| partial and censored | |
| biased. | |
| libération | |
| media coverage | |
| censored | |
| reporters without borders | |
| libération | |
| saboteurs | |
| the more disruptive protesters | |
| condemned the protests | |
| marie -josé pérec | |
| radicals | |
| marie -josé pérec | |
| xinhua | |
| spirit of olympics | |
| sports and politics | |
| run for spirit of olympics | |
| sports and politics | |
| the daily telegraph | |
| libération | |
| western media bias. | |
| fu ying | |
| the daily telegraph | |
| libération | |
| cnn | |
| cnn | |
| the chinese government | |
| the challenges of reporting in china | |
| paul danahar | |
| 1 ,300 | |
| paul danahar | |
| tibet | |
| people 's daily | |
| people 's daily | |
| an anti -cnn website | |
| a beijing citizen. | |
| a beijing citizen. | |
| foreign correspondents | |
| 30 | |
| august 2007 | |
| matching blue tracksuits | |
| second right brother | |
| 30 | |
| august 2007 | |
| blue tracksuits | |
| second right brother | |
| carrefour | |
| lvmh group | |
| the dalai lama | |
| the french flag | |
| lvmh group | |
| anti -chinese racism. | |
| anti -japanese protests | |
| people 's daily | |
| sohu .com | |
| may 1 | |
| the anti -japanese protests in 2005. | |
| people 's daily | |
| the chinese government | |
| may 1. | |
| shoichi washizawa | |
| great nuisance | |
| a major buddhist temple | |
| shoichi washizawa | |
| great nuisance | |
| a major buddhist temple | |
| lanterns. | |
| during protests | |
| hong kong legislator | |
| jin jing | |
| western media | |
| two | |
| 40 | |
| the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic , epistemology , and metaphysics | |
| mixed | |
| kurt gödel | |
| for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics , there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced | |
| gödel could not have come to this conclusion without whitehead and russell 's book | |
| 1931 | |
| some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them | |
| principia mathematica | |
| metaphysics | |
| the essay from which aims of education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 | |
| ideas that are disconnected scraps of information , with no application to real life or culture | |
| `` education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is , above all things , harmful . '' | |
| 1929 | |
| between 1912 and 1927 | |
| 1929 | |
| numerous essays and addresses | |
| inert ideas | |
| whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts | |
| important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge , discovering their application in actual life | |
| for whitehead , education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary , value -free school model | |
| it should be transdisciplinary , and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom | |
| a relatively few important concepts | |
| different areas of knowledge , discovering their application in actual life. | |
| value -free school model | |
| he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education | |
| `` this further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic , onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter . '' | |
| in later life whitehead would become one of the 20th century 's foremost metaphysicians | |
| bertrand russell | |
| undergraduate | |
| friend and former student | |
| rank amateur | |
| one of the 20th century 's foremost metaphysicians. | |
| `` every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics . what he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized . '' | |
| such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned | |
| people need to continually re -imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress | |
| whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy | |
| make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works | |
| they remain unexamined and unquestioned | |
| basic assumptions about how the universe works | |
| metaphysical investigations | |
| reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another | |
| event -based or `` process '' ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and dependent on one another | |
| he used the term `` experience '' very broadly , so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience | |
| two different kinds of real existence , either exclusively material or else exclusively mental | |
| `` philosophy of organism '' | |
| cartesian idea | |
| an event -based or `` process '' ontology | |
| interrelated and dependent | |
| experiential | |
| process philosophy | |
| by assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe , materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete | |
| `` quality '' , `` matter '' , and `` form '' | |
| these `` classical '' concepts fail to adequately account for change , and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. | |
| a continuum of overlapping events | |
| a `` society '' of events | |
| `` classical '' concepts | |
| change | |
| quality`` , ''matter`` , and ''form" | |
| society | |
| continuum of overlapping events | |
| discrete `` occasions of experience '' that overlap one another in time and space , and jointly make up the enduring person or thing | |
| `` defining essence '' or a `` core identity '' | |
| qualitative and secondary to their core identity | |
| defining essence | |
| occasions of experience | |
| time and space | |
| all things flow" | |
| people define identities | |
| it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things | |
| should not prevent people from realizing that `` material substances '' or `` essences '' are a convenient generalized description of a continuum | |
| limitations of language | |
| it is not philosophically or ontologically sound | |
| limitations of language | |
| limitations of language | |
| each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago | |
| each object is simply an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things | |
| the idea of matter as primary makes people think of objects as being fundamentally separate in time and space , and not necessarily related to anything | |
| in whitehead 's view , relations take a primary role , perhaps even more important than the relata themselves | |
| it sees every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects. | |
| it obscures the importance of relations | |
| materialism | |
| distinct and discrete | |
| externally | |
| in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it | |
| a real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it | |
| if theoretically a thing made strictly no difference to any other entity -lrb -i .e. it was not related to any other entity -rrb - , it could not be said to really exist | |
| relations are not secondary to what a thing is , they are what the thing is. | |
| nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities | |
| not be said to really exist. | |
| they are what the thing is | |
| rld around it | |
| in some way conform to it | |
| europe and china | |
| william temple | |
| temple 's gifford lectures of 1932 -1934 | |
| practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education | |
| ecology , physics , biology , education , economics , and psychology | |
| at the university of chicago 's divinity school | |
| henry nelson wieman | |
| john b . cobb | |
| wieman , charles hartshorne , bernard loomer , bernard meland , and daniel day williams | |
| china | |
| modernization and industrialization | |
| traditions of taoism , buddhism , and confucianism | |
| john cobb and david ray griffin | |
| interdependence of humanity and nature , as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts | |
| his assertion that matter is an abstraction | |
| the sheer difficulty and density of his prose | |
| perception of metaphysics itself as passé | |
| whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools | |
| american pragmatism | |
| william james and john dewey | |
| nicholas rescher | |
| charles sanders peirce | |
| richard rorty | |
| it has been severely criticized | |
| henry stapp and david bohm | |
| whitehead 's view has now been rendered obsolete , with the discovery of gravitational waves | |
| phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that whitehead assumes | |
| whitehead 's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation | |
| grawemeyer award for ideas improving world order | |
| is it too late ? a theology of ecology | |
| for the common good: redirecting the economy toward community , the environment , and a sustainable future | |
| sustaining the common good: a christian perspective on the global economy | |
| to challenge `` economists ' zealous faith in the great god of growth . '' | |
| xie bangxiu | |
| flexible -goals , engaged -learner , embodied -knowledge , learning -through -interactions , and supportive -teacher | |
| it is used for understanding and evaluating educational curriculum under the assumption that the purpose of education is to `` help a person become whole . '' | |
| chinese government organizations and the institute for the postmodern development of china | |
| mark dibben | |
| `` applied process thought '' | |
| philosophy of management and business ethics | |
| philosophy of business administration and organizational theory | |
| this allows `` a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing , as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening . '' | |
| 1910s | |
| philosophy of science , and finally to metaphysics | |
| processes | |
| reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another | |
| process and reality | |
| mathematics | |
| philosophy | |
| metaphysics | |
| metaphysical | |
| processes | |
| ramsgate , kent , england | |
| 1861 | |
| thomas whitehead , alfred north 's grandfather | |
| minister and schoolmaster of chatham house academy | |
| maria sarah whitehead , formerly maria sarah buckmaster | |
| ramsgate , kent , england | |
| 1861 | |
| minister and schoolmaster | |
| maria sarah whitehead , | |
| evelyn | |
| university of london system | |
| dean of the faculty of science | |
| chairman of the senate 's academic -lrb -leadership -rrb - council | |
| 1924 | |
| bachelor of science | |
| 1918 | |
| dean of the faculty of science | |
| university of london | |
| 1924 | |
| victor lowe | |
| his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death | |
| almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy | |
| `` no professional biographer in his right mind would touch him . '' | |
| two | |
| victor lowe | |
| all of his papers be destroyed after his death. | |
| right to privacy | |
| a treatise on universal algebra | |
| bertrand russell | |
| professional mathematicians | |
| an introduction to mathematics | |
| regarded as one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century | |
| mathematics | |
| three | |
| bertrand russell | |
| principia mathematica | |
| 1898 | |
| the need to expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class | |
| comparative study of their several structures | |
| `` it possesses a unity of design which is really remarkable , considering the variety of its themes . '' | |
| expand algebraic structures | |
| unity of design | |
| several structures | |
| a year | |
| ten years | |
| the three -volume work was so massive -lrb -more than 2 ,000 pages -rrb - and its audience so narrow -lrb -professional mathematicians -rrb- | |
| 00 of which was paid by cambridge university press , 200 by the royal society of london , and 50 apiece by whitehead and russell | |
| today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of principia mathematica | |
| a year | |
| ten years | |
| three | |
| 2 ,000 | |
| cambridge university press | |
| generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon | |
| gifford lectures | |
| process and reality | |
| professional philosophers | |
| process and reality | |
| 1927–28 | |
| the most difficult to understand | |
| mathews ' frustration with whitehead 's books did not negatively affect his interest | |
| perceived the importance of what whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications | |
| henry nelson wieman | |
| wieman 's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years | |
| mathews | |
| chicago 's divinity school | |
| 1927 | |
| henry nelson wieman | |
| hired | |
| `` arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century , '' | |
| it demands – as isabelle stengers puts it – `` that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus . '' | |
| he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions. | |
| process and reality | |
| isabelle stengers | |
| how the universe works | |
| scientific and philosophical problems | |
| novel solutions | |
| creativity is the absolute principle of existence | |
| reaction to them. | |
| consciousness | |
| the fundamental creativity/freedom of all entities | |
| creativity is the absolute principle of existence | |
| an entity is not merely a sum of its relations , but also a valuation of them and reaction to them | |
| has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities , and is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws | |
| comes from the latin prehensio , meaning `` to seize . '' | |
| the mind only has private ideas about other entities | |
| prehension | |
| latin | |
| to seize | |
| conscious or unconscious | |
| two | |
| a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious , applying to people as well as electrons | |
| entities are constituted by their perceptions and relations , rather than being independent of them | |
| causal efficacy -lrb -or `` physical prehension '' -rrb - and presentational immediacy -lrb -or `` conceptual prehension '' -rrb- | |
| unmediated by the senses | |
| it is pure appearance , which may or may not be delusive | |
| causal efficacy | |
| presentational immediacy | |
| presentational immediacy | |
| `` the experience dominating the primitive living organisms , which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged , and the fate towards which they go . '' | |
| `` pure sense perception '' , unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation , even unconscious interpretation | |
| causal relationships | |
| symbolic reference | |
| causal relationships | |
| causation | |
| higher grade mentality | |
| links appearance with causation in a process that is so automatic that both people and animals have difficulty refraining from it | |
| an ordinary person looks up , sees a colored shape , and immediately infers that it is a chair | |
| `` might have stopped at the mere contemplation of a beautiful color and a beautiful shape . '' | |
| `` would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair and would have jumped onto it by way of using it as such . '' | |
| `` life is comparatively deficient in survival value . '' | |
| they are actively engaged in modifying their environment | |
| living , living well , and living better | |
| increasing its own satisfaction | |
| survival value | |
| modifying their environment | |
| three | |
| increasing its own satisfaction | |
| unintelligible | |
| `` they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them . '' | |
| `` the brief galilean vision of humility '' | |
| `` the church gave unto god the attributes which belonged exclusively to caesar . '' | |
| primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world , and whose most important attribute is power | |
| god is not necessarily tied to religion | |
| primordial nature of god | |
| the consequent nature | |
| dipolar | |
| his system required that an order exist among possibilities , an order that allowed for novelty in the world and provided an aim to all entities. | |
| god 's reception of the world 's activity | |
| god saves and cherishes all experiences forever | |
| it is the judgment of a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved. | |
| those experiences go on to change the way god interacts with the world | |
| god is really changed by what happens in the world and the wider universe , lending the actions of finite creatures an eternal significance. | |
| deficient in actuality and change | |
| merely eternally unrealized possibilities | |
| whitehead thus sees god and the world as fulfilling one another | |
| he sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only god can provide | |
| by taking them into god 's self , thereafter changing god and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time | |
| individual | |
| `` religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness ... and if you are never solitary , you are never religious . '' | |
| a system of general truths that transformed a person 's character | |
| while religion is often a good influence , it is not necessarily good | |
| solitariness | |
| `` the value of the objective world which is a community derivative from the interrelations of its component individuals . '' | |
| meaning and value do not exist for the individual alone , but only in the context of the universal community | |
| the spirit at once surrenders itself to this universal claim and appropriates it for itself | |
| the individual and universal/social aspects of religion are mutually dependent | |
| through the work of his students and admirers rather | |
| bruno latour | |
| claremont and a select number of liberal graduate -level theology and philosophy programs | |
| bertrand russell , and he also taught and supervised the dissertation of willard van orman quine | |
| `` he stands provisionally as the last great anglo -american philosopher before wittgenstein 's disciples spread their misty confusion , sufficiency , and terror . '' | |
| american progressive theology | |
| charles hartshorne | |
| developing whitehead 's process philosophy into a full -blown process theology | |
| john b . cobb , jr . , david ray griffin , marjorie hewitt suchocki , c . robert mesle , roland faber , and catherine keller | |
| god 's relational nature | |
| `` the fellow sufferer who understands '' , and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events | |
| people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers – so why would this be a praise -worthy quality in god ? | |
| as the being who is most affected by the world , god is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world | |
| `` process naturalism '' , i .e. a process theology without god. | |
| biology and economics | |
| poststructuralist , postcolonialist , and feminist theory | |
| geneticist | |
| alexander bard and jan söderqvist | |
| process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests | |
| `` an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non -temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone . '' | |
| religion takes deeply felt emotions and contextualizes them within a system of general truths about the world | |
| a kind of bridge between philosophy and the emotions and purposes of a particular society | |
| it is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people. | |
| pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior | |
| ontology that `` understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related , yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference . '' | |
| integrative process: follettian thinking from ontology to administration | |
| continue to invest client funds in over -priced -lrb -under -yielding -rrb - investments | |
| a conflict of interest | |
| professional investment managers | |
| to maximize their compensation | |
| plausible deniability | |
| countrywide financial | |
| july 11 , 2008 | |
| indymac | |
| indymac bank | |
| indymac bancorp | |
| april 2008 | |
| 9 .27 % | |
| $160 million | |
| moody 's | |
| minimum 10 % risk -based | |
| charles schumer -lrb -d-ny -rrb- | |
| federal deposit insurance corporation | |
| a little over $7 billion | |
| june 30 | |
| $500 million | |
| $1 .55 billion | |
| 7 .5 % | |
| $10 .7 billion | |
| charles schumer | |
| unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated | |
| indymac federal bank , fsb | |
| us $100 ,000 | |
| roughly 10 ,000 depositors | |
| july 11 , 2008 | |
| july 14 , 2008 | |
| over 100 | |
| bear stearns | |
| september and october 2008 | |
| oct . 6 , 2008 | |
| lehman brothers | |
| money market funds | |
| commercial paper issued by corporations | |
| september 2008 | |
| $144 .5 billion | |
| 4 .65 % | |
| shadow banking system | |
| shadow banking system | |
| investor funds | |
| u .s. treasury secretary | |
| nearly one -third | |
| the collapse of the shadow banking system | |
| brookings institution | |
| some forms of securitization | |
| capital | |
| more than a quarter | |
| 45 % | |
| 20 % | |
| $13 trillion | |
| $8 .8 trillion | |
| serious | |
| loss of close to $6 trillion in housing wealth | |
| tens of millions | |
| future profits | |
| much worse | |
| global economic collapse | |
| ubs | |
| three quarters | |
| iceland | |
| capital injection | |
| more than a third | |
| 14 .4 % | |
| 21 .5 % | |
| the rest of the world | |
| recession in the u .s. | |
| close to zero | |
| $251 billion | |
| 300 ,000 | |
| sound economic policymaking and good governance | |
| falls in trade | |
| arab world | |
| foreign direct investment | |
| global downturn | |
| lower oil prices | |
| oil prices | |
| 10 .1 % | |
| 33 | |
| 6 % | |
| 1983 | |
| patent applications | |
| faulty risk -weightings | |
| financial engineering | |
| basel iii regulations | |
| johan norberg | |
| capital ratios | |
| june 2009 | |
| june 2009 | |
| 2008 | |
| more quickly than it began , the banking crisis is over." | |
| january 27 , 2010 | |
| `` emerging '' and `` developing '' economies | |
| 69 % | |
| global economic growth | |
| 31 % | |
| advanced economies | |
| krugman | |
| december 2010 | |
| 2006 | |
| commercial mortgage -backed securities | |
| the crisis in commercial real estate | |
| collateralized debt obligation | |
| $70 trillion | |
| roughly doubled in size | |
| mortgage -backed security | |
| u .s. treasury bonds | |
| collateralized debt obligation | |
| extending or increasing the housing bubble | |
| investment -grade ratings | |
| single pool | |
| securities with lower priority | |
| over 20 % | |
| mid -2006 | |
| nearly 1 .3 million | |
| 81 % | |
| 14 .4 % | |
| 1 .0 % | |
| to combat a perceived risk of deflation | |
| a housing bubble | |
| excessive credit growth | |
| lower interest rates | |
| $650 billion | |
| 5 .8 % | |
| asia and oil -exporting nations | |
| capital account | |
| foreign funds | |
| july 2004 | |
| adjustable -rate mortgage | |
| inversely | |
| raised the fed funds rate | |
| dramatically declined in value | |
| citigroup | |
| 220 | |
| 60 % | |
| 1 ,600 | |
| over 80 % | |
| clayton holdings | |
| 54 % | |
| 23 | |
| 28 % | |
| 900 ,000 | |
| predatory lending | |
| countrywide financial | |
| adjustable rate mortgage -lrb -arm -rrb- | |
| negative amortization | |
| classic bait -and -switch | |
| california attorney general jerry brown | |
| adjustable rate mortgages -lrb -arms -rrb- | |
| disappeared | |
| office of thrift supervision | |
| weak credit | |
| paul krugman | |
| timothy geithner | |
| oecd | |
| regulatory framework | |
| basel | |
| became highly leveraged | |
| complex | |
| government | |
| bankruptcy | |
| complex financial instruments | |
| five | |
| financial shock | |
| capital requirements | |
| over $4 .1 trillion | |
| lehman brothers | |
| saving more during adverse economic conditions | |
| paradox of thrift | |
| can cause or deepen a recession | |
| hyman minsky | |
| their assets | |
| janet yellen | |
| we were in a recession | |
| recession | |
| cancelling planned investments | |
| balance sheet deleveraging | |
| financial innovation | |
| adjustable -rate mortgage | |
| cds | |
| mortgage -backed securities -lrb -mbs -rrb- | |
| expanded dramatically | |
| q1 2007 | |
| $20 billion | |
| over $180 billion | |
| 36 % | |
| under $20 billion | |
| innovative financial products | |
| multiplied the number of actors connected | |
| indirect information | |
| computer models of rating agencies | |
| 2005 | |
| interest rates or fees | |
| pricing of risk | |
| lack of transparency about banks ' risk exposures | |
| straightforward , readily understandable format | |
| far more disruptive | |
| risk inherent with financial innovation | |
| a variety of reasons | |
| approximately 32 cents on the dollar | |
| approximately five cents for every dollar | |
| $450bn | |
| aig | |
| credit default swaps | |
| september 2008 | |
| over $180 billion | |
| a premium | |
| george soros | |
| more complex | |
| the originators of synthetic products | |
| the banks | |
| international bond rating agencies | |
| world scientific | |
| 2006 | |
| merrill lynch | |
| some of the copula limitations | |
| 2006 | |
| timothy geithner | |
| 2009 | |
| `` parallel '' banking system | |
| shadow banking system | |
| maturity mismatch | |
| spring of 2007 | |
| fall of 2008 | |
| more than a third | |
| brookings institution | |
| a number of years | |
| mark zandi | |
| securitization markets | |
| close to $2 trillion | |
| less than $150 billion | |
| talf | |
| rapid increases | |
| nearly tripled from $50 to $147 | |
| plunging | |
| monetary policy | |
| gasoline | |
| michael greenberger | |
| intercontinentalexchange | |
| goldman sachs , morgan stanley and bp | |
| intercontinentalexchange -lrb -ice -rrb- | |
| london and new york | |
| ailsa mckay | |
| mainstream economics | |
| feminist economics | |
| a reshaping | |
| raghuram rajan | |
| 2005 | |
| at a celebration honouring alan greenspan | |
| `` has financial development made the world riskier ? '' | |
| tail risks | |
| raghuram rajan | |
| great moderation | |
| dirk bezemer | |
| as a vindication | |
| alan greenspan | |
| businessweek | |
| great depression | |
| the wharton school | |
| nouriel roubini | |
| `` dr . doom '' | |
| nassim nicholas taleb | |
| david brooks | |
| the breakdown of the banking system | |
| banking stocks | |
| phil dow | |
| 50 % | |
| 54 .7 % | |
| floyd norris | |
| northern rock | |
| bank of england | |
| september 2007 | |
| february 2008 | |
| northern rock | |
| the borrower’s income | |
| appraisals | |
| poor | |
| risky | |
| issuing criteria | |
| half | |
| 63 | |
| 77 | |
| 50 | |
| poorest families | |
| european commission at brussels | |
| 0 .1 % | |
| −1 .0 % | |
| the imf | |
| 3 % | |
| expand money supplies | |
| enacted large fiscal stimulus packages | |
| lender -of -last -resort | |
| expanded liquidity facilities | |
| self -reinforcing decline | |
| credit freeze | |
| us $2 .5 trillion | |
| $1 .5 trillion | |
| joseph stiglitz | |
| investing internationally in emerging markets | |
| a series of regulatory proposals | |
| consumer protection | |
| proprietary | |
| paul volcker | |
| paul volcker | |
| may 2010 | |
| december 2009 | |
| volcker rule | |
| senate | |
| bailout of banks | |
| trillions of u .s. dollars | |
| august 9 , 2007 | |
| 2012 | |
| bnp paribas | |
| 2004 | |
| 2009 | |
| escalate | |
| subprime | |
| capital | |
| levin–coburn report | |
| glass -steagall act | |
| financial crisis inquiry commission | |
| credit rating agencies | |
| regulatory | |
| mortgage -backed securities | |
| collateralized debt obligations | |
| major global financial institutions | |
| institutions and investors around the world | |
| mortgage payments and housing prices | |
| trillions of u .s. dollars | |
| foreclosure | |
| late 2006 | |
| other loan types | |
| foreclosure epidemic | |
| investment banks and hedge funds | |
| investment banks and hedge funds | |
| financialization | |
| deregulation | |
| u .s. government policy | |
| mbs | |
| slowing economic activity | |
| central banks | |
| governments | |
| large loan defaults or mbs losses | |
| january 2011 | |
| the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation | |
| federal reserve | |
| key policy makers | |
| financial firms | |
| tough competition | |
| 2003 | |
| 2004–2007 | |
| 2004–2007 | |
| government -sponsored enterprises -lrb -gses -rrb- | |
| six | |
| paul krugman | |
| government affordable housing policy | |
| gse loans | |
| 4 | |
| 13 million | |
| over $2 trillion | |
| fannie mae and freddie mac | |
| hud | |
| 6 | |
| office of federal housing enterprise oversight -lrb -ofheo -rrb- | |
| bush administration | |
| september 10 , 2003 | |
| the hearings never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation | |
| house financial services committee | |
| $467 billion | |
| 10 % | |
| community reinvestment act | |
| 25 % | |
| 25 % | |
| 1995 | |
| $4 .5 trillion | |
| high -interest -rate loans -lrb -3 percentage points over average -rrb- | |
| prime | |
| after the terrorist attack on september 11 , 2001 | |
| credit default swaps , collateralized debt obligations and synthetic cdos. | |
| derivatives | |
| portfolio magazine | |
| derivatives | |
| credit default swaps , collateralized debt obligations and synthetic cdos | |
| substandard | |
| low or no downpayments | |
| it was supported by a huge number of substandard loans | |
| 1997–2007 | |
| krugman | |
| 160 | |
| the saint -barthélemy channel | |
| little turtle rocks | |
| the renaissance | |
| satellite islets | |
| saint -barthélemoise | |
| french | |
| 500–700 | |
| french | |
| racially | |
| saint martin | |
| five | |
| in march 2012 | |
| 15 july 2007 | |
| nineteen | |
| september 2014 | |
| the european union | |
| one | |
| 2008 | |
| thirteen | |
| agricultural production | |
| sweet potato | |
| salt | |
| fishing | |
| gustavia | |
| the rich and famous | |
| 200 ,000 | |
| €61 ,200 ,000 | |
| wealth generated by wealthy tourists | |
| by airplane | |
| 25 | |
| 58 | |
| portugal | |
| 12 | |
| 400 | |
| succulent | |
| the eastern part | |
| several hundred | |
| sea grapes | |
| the pacific islands | |
| aloe or aloe vera | |
| cereus | |
| south america | |
| 1773 | |
| barbary | |
| may | |
| december | |
| turtles | |
| jellyfish | |
| amidst tall sea grasses | |
| pearly -pink | |
| conch | |
| shallow waters | |
| ghost | |
| garbage and sewerage | |
| 1 .200 | |
| sea turtles | |
| anchoring | |
| reserve naturelle | |
| mooring buoys | |
| the swedes | |
| gustav adolph | |
| 1787 | |
| ruins | |
| la pointe | |
| over 70 | |
| in the hotels | |
| les petits creux | |
| spicier | |
| gastronomic | |
| every alternate year | |
| concarneau | |
| boats | |
| 10 m | |
| two | |
| the north coast | |
| charters | |
| princess juliana international airport | |
| sint maarten | |
| gustaf iii | |
| france | |
| saint -barth | |
| english | |
| ouanalao | |
| west | |
| volcanic | |
| 9 ,035 | |
| gustavia | |
| swedish | |
| the winter holiday season | |
| guadeloupe | |
| 2003 | |
| 2007 | |
| hotel de la collectivité | |
| a senator | |
| colombier bay | |
| small | |
| visible coral reef | |
| shallow | |
| a marine reserve | |
| 22 | |
| 15 | |
| leeward | |
| windward | |
| windsurfing | |
| arid | |
| 2 ,500 | |
| 1000 mm | |
| november | |
| 13 °c | |
| 1744 | |
| 1785 | |
| carénage | |
| gustavia | |
| the caribbean war | |
| st . barts municipal museum | |
| musée territorial de st . -barthélemy | |
| gustavia | |
| british | |
| creole | |
| molecular biology and genetics | |
| dna | |
| rna | |
| hans winkler | |
| 1920 | |
| university of hamburg | |
| biome , rhizome | |
| half | |
| meiosis | |
| mitochondria and chloroplasts | |
| genomics | |
| single genes or groups of genes | |
| sequenced | |
| c -value paradox | |
| trichomoniasis | |
| 60 ,000 | |
| three times | |
| walter fiers | |
| bacteriophage ms2 | |
| fred sanger | |
| institute for genomic research | |
| 1996 | |
| us national institutes of health | |
| mouse | |
| puffer fish | |
| december 2013 | |
| 130 ,000 | |
| massive parallel sequencing | |
| manteia predictive medicine | |
| james d . watson | |
| the structure of dna | |
| genome map | |
| the human genome project | |
| jean weissenbach | |
| genoscope | |
| genome composition | |
| evolutionary history | |
| prokaryotes and eukaryotes | |
| exon -intron | |
| mammals and plants | |
| pathogenic microbe | |
| virus | |
| plasmids | |
| plants , protozoa and animals | |
| plastome | |
| mitochondrial genome | |
| genome size | |
| morphological complexity | |
| repetitive dna | |
| minimal genomes | |
| in vivo and in silico | |
| protein -coding genes and rna -coding genes | |
| proportion of non -repetitive dna | |
| genome size | |
| e . coli | |
| c . elegans and fruit fly | |
| 20 % | |
| tandem repeats and interspersed repeats | |
| proportion of repetitive dna | |
| tandem repeats | |
| satellite dna and microsatellites | |
| interspersed repeats. | |
| transposable elements | |
| genome evolution | |
| retrotransposons | |
| dna transposons | |
| rna | |
| cut and paste | |
| rna | |
| karyotype | |
| genome size , gene order , codon usage bias , and gc -content | |
| duplications | |
| genetic novelty | |
| horizontal gene transfer | |
| microbes | |
| chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes | |
| comprehensive school | |
| selective school system | |
| england and wales | |
| 90 % | |
| gesamtschule | |
| design and technology and vocational learning | |
| sixth form colleges and further education colleges | |
| city technology colleges and specialist schools programmes | |
| 164 | |
| 1965 | |
| neighbourhood | |
| academies programme , free schools and university technical colleges | |
| 1970s | |
| 7 to 16 | |
| comprehensive | |
| remedial | |
| the hauptschulabschluss , the realschulabschluss or the abitur | |
| 50 % | |
| less than 1 % | |
| stadtteilschule | |
| sekundarschule | |
| 2010/2011 | |
| college preparatory classes | |
| abitur | |
| hauptschule | |
| grade inflation | |
| barbara sommer | |
| sigrid beer | |
| christian democratic union | |
| alliance '90/the greens | |
| bright working class students | |
| middle class peers | |
| hauptschule | |
| helmut fend | |
| tripartite system | |
| 1972 | |
| sixth form | |
| a -levels | |
| 1966 | |
| patrick hillery | |
| vocational school system | |
| community school | |
| 1970s | |
| the state | |
| the denominational basis of the schools | |
| community colleges | |
| 1946 | |
| london county council | |
| holyhead county school | |
| 1949 | |
| woodlands boys school | |
| anthony crosland | |
| secretary of state for education | |
| secondary technical schools | |
| margaret thatcher | |
| comprehensive | |
| conservative | |
| 1975 | |
| neighbourhood comprehensives | |
| comprehensive schools | |
| sandwell and dudley | |
| james callaghan | |
| comprehensive school | |
| labour | |
| education reform act | |
| 1988 | |
| specialisation | |
| league tables of school performance | |
| comprehensive | |
| specialist schools | |
| 2005 | |
| scotland | |
| england and wales | |
| république du congo | |
| central african republic | |
| gabon | |
| cameroon | |
| central africa | |
| bantu | |
| 1960 | |
| denis sassou nguesso | |
| president | |
| fourth | |
| oil revenues | |
| pygmy | |
| 1500 bc | |
| bantu | |
| diogo cão | |
| portuguese | |
| commodities , manufactured goods , and people | |
| late 19th century | |
| bantu societies | |
| 1880 | |
| pierre de brazza | |
| middle congo | |
| french equatorial africa | |
| 14 ,000 | |
| brazzaville | |
| brazzaville conference of 1944 | |
| 1946 | |
| the fourth republic | |
| 1958 | |
| the aef | |
| the republic of the congo | |
| 1959 | |
| august 15 , 1960 | |
| fulbert youlou | |
| alphonse massamba -débat | |
| labour elements and rival political parties | |
| congolese military | |
| massamba -débat | |
| scientific socialism | |
| cuban | |
| september 1968 | |
| marien ngouabi | |
| people 's republic of the congo | |
| congolese labour party | |
| 1972 | |
| march 16 , 1977 | |
| eastern bloc | |
| the soviet union | |
| dictatorship | |
| political repression | |
| pascal lissouba | |
| imf | |
| civil war | |
| enhanced structural adjustment facility | |
| lissouba and sassou | |
| cobras | |
| angolan | |
| october | |
| milongo | |
| seven years | |
| january 2002 | |
| april 2003 | |
| sassou | |
| congolese observatory of human rights | |
| very low | |
| multi -party | |
| congolese labour party | |
| parti congolais du travail | |
| corruption revelations | |
| france | |
| march 27 , 2015 | |
| third | |
| the government | |
| one | |
| 10 | |
| bantus | |
| pets | |
| december 30 , 2010 | |
| 4°n and 5°s | |
| 11° and 19°e | |
| atlantic ocean | |
| cabinda | |
| angola | |
| brazzaville | |
| congo river | |
| kinshasa | |
| democratic republic of the congo | |
| coastal plain | |
| kouilou -niari river | |
| plateau | |
| forests | |
| equator | |
| 24 °c -lrb -75 °f -rrb- | |
| 16 °c -lrb -61 °f -rrb - and 21 °c -lrb -70 °f -rrb- | |
| june to august | |
| wildlife conservation society | |
| sangha region | |
| inhospitable swamps | |
| petroleum | |
| budget problems and overstaffing | |
| forestry | |
| 65 % | |
| 92 % | |
| large -scale development projects | |
| 5 % | |
| 50 % | |
| 46 % | |
| civil war | |
| slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict | |
| december 1998 | |
| stimulating recovery and reducing poverty | |
| natural gas and diamonds | |
| 2007 | |
| base metal , gold , iron and phosphate | |
| organization for the harmonization of business law in africa | |
| 200 ,000 hectares | |
| land , air and water | |
| 1930s | |
| paris | |
| atlantic ocean | |
| southwest | |
| 534 -kilometre -lrb -332 mi -rrb- | |
| 62 | |
| kongo | |
| 2 % | |
| 12 % | |
| about 9 ,000 | |
| french | |
| around 300 | |
| catholics | |
| 22 .3 % | |
| 19 .9 % | |
| 1 .6 % | |
| foreign workers | |
| 8 .9 % | |
| 2 .8 % | |
| $30 | |
| 20 | |
| 560 | |
| female genital mutilation | |
| 59 .34 | |
| 16 | |
| 44 % | |
| baccalaureate | |
| french | |
| executive | |
| cabinet | |
| civil service | |
| westminster system | |
| ceremonial | |
| ensure the passage of bills | |
| royal prerogative | |
| parliament | |
| first lord of the treasury and minister for the civil service | |
| minister of defence | |
| 1625 | |
| cardinal richelieu | |
| france | |
| louis xiv | |
| 18th century | |
| sir robert walpole | |
| thomas cromwell | |
| godolphin | |
| clarendon | |
| the monarch | |
| the monarch | |
| harley and st john | |
| clarendon | |
| glorious revolution | |
| bill of rights | |
| house of commons | |
| george i | |
| 1714 | |
| hanover | |
| twenty -one years | |
| whig | |
| doctrine of cabinet solidarity | |
| resign | |
| lord melbourne | |
| parliamentarians and legal scholars | |
| george ii and george iii | |
| benjamin disraeli | |
| 1905 | |
| president | |
| sheikh khalifah bin sulman al khalifah | |
| 1970 | |
| bahrain | |
| parliamentary republics | |
| parliamentary republics | |
| premier of the state council | |
| taiwan | |
| legislature | |
| cohabitation | |
| resignation of the government | |
| bangladesh 's | |
| the process of his/her appointment and dismissal | |
| the national people 's congress | |
| zŏnglĭ | |
| the constitution act | |
| 1982 | |
| federal and provincial first ministers | |
| constitution | |
| first decade of the twentieth century | |
| balfour | |
| 1905 | |
| margaret thatcher | |
| 1979 | |
| 1990 | |
| cabinet | |
| taoiseach | |
| the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament | |
| after every general election | |
| lower house of parliament | |
| upper houses | |
| vote of confidence | |
| head of state | |
| resignation of the prime minister and his or her government | |
| prime minister | |
| 1918 | |
| 1937 | |
| the executive council | |
| cabinet | |
| spill motion | |
| chairman of the government | |
| rosh hamemshalah | |
| president of the government -lrb -presidente del gobierno -rrb- | |
| taoiseach | |
| president of the council of ministers | |
| statsminister | |
| premier | |
| germany and austria | |
| minister of state | |
| secretary of state | |
| president | |
| non -commonwealth countries | |
| right honourable | |
| her majesty 's most honourable privy council | |
| canada | |
| devolved | |
| first minister | |
| pradhan mantri | |
| wazir -e-azam | |
| grand vizier | |
| office of the prime minister | |
| cabinet office | |
| it | |
| 19th century | |
| école polytechnique | |
| greek | |
| polytechnic | |
| the berg -schola | |
| world war ii | |
| collegium carolinum | |
| 1794 | |
| institutions of higher education | |
| 1992 | |
| university of westminster | |
| regent street | |
| polytechnics | |
| university of technology | |
| college of advanced education system | |
| tafe | |
| melbourne polytechnic | |
| 2009 | |
| seven | |
| fachhochschule | |
| master 's degrees | |
| hogeschool | |
| academization | |
| four | |
| three | |
| cambodia | |
| affiliate schools | |
| quebec | |
| public funding | |
| polytechnics canada | |
| collaborative institute -industry projects | |
| 1895 | |
| capital university | |
| half | |
| 1997 | |
| the geophysics institute | |
| quito astronomical observatory | |
| national polytechnic school | |
| 1873 | |
| one | |
| the country 's development | |
| 50 | |
| instituts de technologie | |
| 180 | |
| 160 | |
| finland | |
| ammattikorkeakoulus | |
| yrkeshögskola | |
| technology | |
| institut universitaire de technologie | |
| iut | |
| fachhochschule | |
| polytechnicum | |
| 18th | |
| escola politécnica | |
| 1970s | |
| teaching | |
| business | |
| tu | |
| research | |
| medicine | |
| nine | |
| 17 | |
| 290 ,000 | |
| saxony | |
| niedersächsische technische hochschule | |
| higher education reform act | |
| the hong kong polytechnic | |
| hong kong technical college | |
| 1984 | |
| hong kong university of science and technology | |
| 1994 | |
| copper | |
| 1735 | |
| court chamber of vienna | |
| 16 | |
| 30 | |
| aicte | |
| diploma in engineering | |
| four | |
| three | |
| regional technical college | |
| dublin institute of technology | |
| politecnico | |
| two | |
| genoa | |
| imperial college of engineering | |
| sciences | |
| malaysia | |
| unesco | |
| ipoh | |
| 32 | |
| 60 ,840 | |
| 87 ,440 | |
| university of technology , mauritius | |
| technology | |
| new zealand | |
| universal college of learning | |
| 1989 | |
| wellington polytechnic | |
| 1990s | |
| central institute of technology | |
| north island | |
| auckland university of technology | |
| 10th | |
| trades | |
| three | |
| be | |
| f .sc | |
| politechnika | |
| bacharelatos | |
| bologna process | |
| millennia institute | |
| 5 | |
| three | |
| queen maria theresa | |
| 1735 | |
| silver and gold | |
| 1764 | |
| teaching | |
| technikons | |
| 1993 | |
| 2004 | |
| technical colleges | |
| bachelor 's degrees | |
| pathumwan institute of technology | |
| king mongkut 's university of technology thonburi | |
| institute of technology and vocational education | |
| sirindhorn international institute of technology | |
| suranaree university of technology | |
| 1989 | |
| mahanakorn university of technology | |
| bursa technical university | |
| six | |
| ankara and trabzon | |
| 1970 | |
| the uk council for national academic awards | |
| central institutions | |
| royal polytechnic institution | |
| two | |
| loughborough university of technology | |
| 1960s | |
| the further and higher education act 1992 | |
| cnaa | |
| university colleges | |
| 20th century | |
| high school | |
| 1824 | |
| massachusetts institute of technology | |
| middle class | |
| 1950s | |
| caracas | |
| dr . federico rivero palacio | |
| world wide web | |
| internet archive | |
| san francisco | |
| brewster kahle and bruce gilliat | |
| three dimensional index | |
| linux | |
| if the content has changed | |
| to archive the entire internet | |
| the rocky and bullwinkle show | |
| mr . peabody and sherman | |
| wabac machine | |
| 1996 | |
| crawlers | |
| robots exclusion standard | |
| archive -it .org | |
| digital tape | |
| researchers and scientists | |
| fifth anniversary | |
| university of california , berkeley | |
| snapshots | |
| six months | |
| variable | |
| after august 2008 | |
| jeff kaplan | |
| november 2010 | |
| three petabytes | |
| 12 terabytes/month | |
| petabox rack systems | |
| capricorn technologies | |
| 2009 | |
| sun open storage | |
| sun microsystems ' california campus | |
| 2011 | |
| march 2011 | |
| 2008 | |
| 2010 | |
| save a page | |
| october 2013 | |
| netbula , llc v . chordiant software inc. | |
| chordiant | |
| the robots .txt file | |
| internet archive | |
| chordiant | |
| magistrate judge howard lloyd | |
| northern district of california , san jose division | |
| chordiant | |
| tvp polonia | |
| the dish network | |
| magistrate judge arlander keys | |
| district court judge ronald guzman | |
| in examining a patent application | |
| authoritative statement of the archivist | |
| technical | |
| underlying links | |
| forms | |
| e -commerce | |
| copyright laws | |
| delete pages from its system | |
| faq | |
| scientology | |
| the site owner | |
| church of scientology | |
| harding earley follmer & frailey | |
| healthcare advocates | |
| internet archive | |
| the dmca and the computer fraud and abuse act | |
| voluntary | |
| robots .txt | |
| robots .txt | |
| internet archive | |
| suzanne shell | |
| profane -justice .org | |
| northern district of california | |
| district of colorado | |
| april 25 , 2007 | |
| internet archive | |
| suzanne shell | |
| dmca requests | |
| federal court of canada | |
| the united provinces -lrb -verenigde provinciën -rrb - , federated dutch provinces -lrb -foederatae belgii provinciae -rrb - , and dutch federation -lrb -belgica foederata -rrb- | |
| from 1581 , when part of the netherlands separated from spanish rule , until 1795 | |
| batavian republic , the kingdom of holland , the united kingdom of the netherlands , and ultimately the modern kingdom of the netherlands | |
| netherlands , belgium , and luxembourg | |
| flanders | |
| the house of burgundy and subsequently the house of habsburg | |
| holy roman emperor charles v | |
| 1568 | |
| high taxes , persecution of protestants by the government , and philip 's efforts to modernize and centralize the devolved -medieval government structures of the provinces | |
| 1579 | |
| a number of the northern provinces of the low countries | |
| the act of abjuration | |
| 1581 | |
| to support each other in their defence against the spanish army | |
| 1582 | |
| 1583 | |
| 10 july 1584 | |
| elizabeth i | |
| 1588 | |
| a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 | |
| france | |
| the batavian republic | |
| 1813 | |
| `` united provinces of the netherlands '' and `` united netherlands '' | |
| austrian netherlands , luxembourg and liège | |
| the dutch golden age | |
| the county of holland | |
| 1602 | |
| rotterdam | |
| six | |
| amsterdam | |
| 1590–1712 | |
| africa and the pacific | |
| breaking the portuguese sphere of influence on the indian ocean and in the orient | |
| seven | |
| the states general -lrb -staten -generaal in dutch -rrb - , the federal government | |
| representatives of each of the seven provinces | |
| the county of drenthe | |
| this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes | |
| raadspensionaris | |
| the stadtholder | |
| the stadtholder | |
| the states of each province | |
| the princes of orange of the house of orange -nassau , beginning with william the silent | |
| zeeland and usually utrecht | |
| orangists | |
| republicans | |
| the peace of westphalia | |
| federally -governed generality lands -lrb -generaliteitslanden -rrb- | |
| staats -brabant -lrb -present north brabant -rrb - , staats -vlaanderen -lrb -present zeeuws -vlaanderen -rrb - , staats -limburg -lrb -around maastricht -rrb - and staats -oppergelre -lrb -around venlo , after 1715 -rrb- | |
| the states general of the united provinces | |
| holland and/or zeeland | |
| the framers of the us constitution | |
| james madison | |
| the act of abjuration , essentially the declaration of independence of the united provinces | |
| the union of utrecht of 20 january 1579 | |
| personal religion | |
| william of orange | |
| catholic services | |
| the reformed church | |
| the time period and regional or city leaders | |
| fined 200 guilders -lrb -a year 's wage for a skilled tradesman -rrb - and banned from the city | |
| personal freedom of religion | |
| predestination | |
| the struggle between arminianism and gomarism , or between remonstrants and contra -remonstrants | |
| the synod of dort | |
| in the 18th century | |
| as long as their services took place secretly in private churches | |
| greek | |
| lichens | |
| german | |
| 130 years | |
| obligate | |
| facultative | |
| lichens | |
| mistletoe | |
| disjunctive symbiosis | |
| endosymbiosis | |
| insects | |
| frankia | |
| algae | |
| barnacles | |
| lice | |
| exosymbiosis | |
| interspecies reciprocal altruism | |
| lifelong | |
| mutualistic | |
| coral reefs | |
| fix carbon from the air | |
| mycorrhyzal | |
| ocellaris clownfish | |
| a special mucus | |
| mutual symbiosis | |
| the goby fish | |
| its tail | |
| non -obligate | |
| the late 1980s | |
| nutrition | |
| the galapagos islands | |
| nutrients | |
| specialized cells | |
| vertical transmission | |
| drastic reduction in its genome size | |
| muller 's ratchet phenomenon | |
| lack of selection mechanisms | |
| latin | |
| commensalism | |
| inquilinism | |
| metabiosis | |
| phoresy | |
| a parasitic relationship | |
| necrotrophic | |
| biotrophic | |
| as many as half | |
| a tick | |
| amensalism | |
| competition and antibiosis | |
| competition | |
| juglone | |
| weevils | |
| shrub | |
| amensalism | |
| synnecrosis | |
| death | |
| uncommon | |
| to protect the hive | |
| the evolution of all eukaryotes | |
| plants , animals , fungi , and protists | |
| symbiosis | |
| dorion sagan | |
| a major role | |
| nectar and large sticky pollen | |
| dependent | |
| forces armées canadiennes | |
| the national defence act | |
| her majesty | |
| forces canadiennes | |
| four | |
| the national defence act | |
| queen elizabeth ii | |
| the governor general of canada | |
| the chief of the defence staff | |
| the armed forces council. | |
| cold war | |
| the security of europe | |
| the soviet military threat | |
| the early 1950s | |
| the early 1990s | |
| the north atlantic treaty organization -lrb -nato -rrb- | |
| international security operations | |
| afghanistan | |
| 2002 | |
| out of area | |
| canada first defence strategy | |
| 2008 | |
| six core missions | |
| north america | |
| conduct of canadian defence diplomacy | |
| deployment of canadian defence attachés | |
| the american air forces | |
| military training | |
| relationship -building efforts | |
| 1867 | |
| french and british forces | |
| european powers | |
| the american revolutionary war | |
| invasion by the united states | |
| the british crown -in -council | |
| halifax | |
| 1906 | |
| the department of militia and defence | |
| november 1940 | |
| second boer war | |
| british command | |
| the first world war | |
| second world war | |
| korean war | |
| more than 200 operations | |
| 72 | |
| cold war , first gulf war , kosovo war | |
| united nations peacekeeping operations | |
| an aircraft carrier | |
| the normandy landings | |
| the strategic bombing of german cities | |
| the battle of vimy ridge | |
| croatia | |
| the largest volunteer army ever | |
| the soviet union | |
| japanese | |
| 1 february 1968 | |
| the royal canadian navy , canadian army , and royal canadian air force | |
| the british government | |
| 1931 | |
| the first world war | |
| canadian armed forces | |
| after the 1980s | |
| 2013 | |
| canadian forces | |
| land forces | |
| 2011 | |
| isaf | |
| the government of afghanistan | |
| peacekeeping | |
| approximately $20 .1 billion | |
| 74th in size | |
| approximately 119 ,000 | |
| 2020 | |
| around 124 ,000 | |
| the canada first defence strategy | |
| through the purchase of new equipment , improved training and readiness | |
| loss of existing members | |
| main battle tanks , artillery , unmanned air vehicles | |
| c -130 hercules | |
| ch -47 chinook heavy -lift helicopters | |
| 2006 | |
| medicine , communication , logistics , and administration | |
| 1971 | |
| vehicle drivers and mechanics , aircraft mechanics , air -traffic controllers | |
| the department changed its policies | |
| canadian charter of rights and freedoms | |
| infantry , armoured corps , field artillery , air -defence artillery | |
| 5 february 1987 | |
| the minister of national defence | |
| combat -related employment of women | |
| 1989 | |
| submarine service | |
| 100 percent | |
| the government of jean chretien | |
| equipment must be suitable for a mixed -gender force | |
| combat helmets , rucksacks , combat boots | |
| an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments | |
| it begins at the top with the most senior -ranking personnel and works its way into lower organizations. | |
| the canadian constitution | |
| the governor general | |
| troop deployment and disposition orders | |
| the monarch or governor general | |
| the advice of his or her ministers in cabinet | |
| 115 ,349 | |
| the chief of the defence staff | |
| the governor general | |
| ottawa , ontario | |
| the heads of the royal canadian navy , the canadian army , the royal canadian air force and other key level 1 organizations. | |
| 27 | |
| saint -jean -sur -richelieu | |
| canadian forces leadership and recruit school | |
| 33 | |
| halifax | |
| the naval reserve headquarters -lrb -navreshq -rrb- | |
| nato exercises | |
| commander of the canadian army | |
| four divisions | |
| the 2nd canadian division , the 3rd canadian division , the 4th canadian division and the 5th canadian division | |
| the 5th canadian division | |
| the 5th canadian division | |
| three | |
| one | |
| tactical helicopter squadron | |
| a field ambulance | |
| cfb gagetown , cfb montreal and cfb wainwright. | |
| the commander of the royal canadian air force | |
| winnipeg | |
| eleven | |
| tactical commander | |
| alberta , saskatchewan , manitoba | |
| winnipeg and north bay | |
| geilenkirchen , germany | |
| airborne early warning force | |
| labrador | |
| joint task force -lrb -north -rrb- | |
| a chain of forward operating locations | |
| fighter operations | |
| cf -18 squadrons | |
| arctic sovereignty patrols. | |
| october 2012 | |
| canada command , the canadian expeditionary force command and the canadian operational support command | |
| the 2012 federal budget | |
| the canadian special operations forces command | |
| generating special operations forces | |
| cjoc | |
| cfb trenton | |
| 427 | |
| electronic warfare and the protection of the armed forces ' communications and computer networks | |
| cfs leitrim in ottawa | |
| design and build cyber warfare capabilities | |
| june 2011 | |
| the director general cyber | |
| the canadian armed forces | |
| joint task force | |
| domestic support | |
| in times of national emergency or threat | |
| primary and supplementary | |
| chief of reserves and cadets | |
| the naval reserve -lrb -navres -rrb - , land force reserve -lrb -lfr -rrb - , and air reserve -lrb -airres -rrb- | |
| cadet organizations administration and training service | |
| 12 to 18 years | |
| officers of the cadet instructors cadre | |
| reserve force sub -component coats | |
| provide surveillance and patrol services | |
| in canada 's arctic | |
| reserve force | |
| canada 's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory | |
| service dress | |
| gloves , swords , and medals | |
| operational dress is now the daily uniform | |
| approved parkas | |
| a ceremonial/regimental full dress | |
| beret , wedge cap , ballcap | |
| coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn | |
| the beret | |
| cg634 helmet | |
| the constitution of canada | |
| 2005 | |
| the principal clergy of rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. | |
| a church in rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses | |
| cardinal | |
| ninth century | |
| tituli | |
| cardo | |
| the church of england | |
| the deacons of the seven regions of the city | |
| 8th century | |
| 769 | |
| nicholas ii | |
| the papal bull in nomine domini | |
| 1244 | |
| pope innocent iv | |
| cardinal | |
| 747 | |
| 1567 | |
| pope zacharias | |
| 747 | |
| pius v. | |
| 1567 | |
| 1563 | |
| pope pius iv | |
| 1563 | |
| pope pius iv | |
| french kings | |
| secular affairs. | |
| cardinal richelieu | |
| cardinal richelieu | |
| henry , king of portugal | |
| 70 | |
| comprising six cardinal bishops , 50 cardinal priests , and 14 cardinal deacons. | |
| pope john xxiii | |
| 120 | |
| 80 | |
| 120 | |
| the number of cardinals generally | |
| a church in the city of rome or one of the suburbicarian sees | |
| the dean of the college of cardinals | |
| titular bishopric of ostia | |
| 1630 | |
| pope urban viii | |
| prince | |
| the pope and crowned monarchs | |
| pope urban viii | |
| `` cardinal -lsb -first name -rsb - -lsb -surname -rsb - '' | |
| cardinal -lsb -first name -rsb - -lsb -surname -rsb- | |
| by placing the title `` cardinal '' -lrb -abbreviated card . -rrb - after their personal name and before their surname | |
| sanctae ecclesiae cardinalis | |
| because they do not belong to the roman clergy | |
| -lsb -first name -rsb - cardinal -lsb -surname -rsb- | |
| cardinal | |
| 1378 | |
| 1378 | |
| no | |
| the cardinalate | |
| cardinal bishops | |
| cardinals of the episcopal order | |
| cardinal bishops | |
| a roman priest | |
| to preserve apostolic succession | |
| he is consecrated by the dean of the college of cardinals , the cardinal bishop of ostia. | |
| he is consecrated by the dean of the college of cardinals , the cardinal bishop of ostia. | |
| seven | |
| 1150 until 1914 | |
| pope pius x | |
| ostia , albano , porto and santa rufina , palestrina , sabina and mentana , frascati and velletri | |
| 1962 | |
| ostia | |
| cardinal vicar of the see of rome is apostolic administrator. | |
| 1962 | |
| ostia | |
| the cardinal vicar of the see of rome | |
| college of cardinals | |
| the pope | |
| a gold ring | |
| the pope | |
| a galero. | |
| 1969 | |
| scarlet biretta | |
| eastern catholic cardinals | |
| willingness to die for his faith | |
| rochet | |
| the scarlet color of cardinals ' vesture | |
| 1460s | |
| the cardinalate expires | |
| pope martin v | |
| marry | |
| 1917 | |
| only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals | |
| perform the functions reserved solely to bishops , such as ordination | |
| 1962 | |
| 1917 | |
| 1962 | |
| collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dependent on the holy see and present the results to the college of cardinals | |
| the cardinal protodeacon | |
| from the central balcony at the basilica of saint peter in vatican city state | |
| pope john paul i | |
| white | |
| 30 | |
| 10 years | |
| about half | |
| third | |
| seven deacons in the papal household | |
| cardinal deacons | |
| the cardinal who is the longest -serving member of the order of cardinal priests | |
| paulo evaristo arns of brazil | |
| the pope | |
| a suburbicarian see | |
| cardinal deacons | |
| cardinal bishops | |
| cardinal priests | |
| priests chosen by the pope | |
| a titular church in rome | |
| 1587 | |
| 70 | |
| pope john xxiii | |
| iranic languages | |
| indo -iranian languages | |
| indo -european language family | |
| 400 bce | |
| middle persian | |
| 86 | |
| proto -iranian | |
| persian and sanskrit | |
| 1836 | |
| christian lassen | |
| robert needham cust | |
| 1878 | |
| proto -iranian | |
| central asia | |
| andronovo | |
| 2000 bc | |
| indo -european | |
| southeastern europe , the iranian plateau , and central asia | |
| linguistic diversity | |
| two | |
| the behistun inscription | |
| 520 bc | |
| 4th century bc | |
| avestan | |
| zoroastrianism | |
| rigvedic sanskrit | |
| old persian | |
| kurdish | |
| scythian | |
| western and eastern | |
| old persian | |
| avestan | |
| *ć and *dź | |
| first -series palatal consonants | |
| nuristani languages | |
| *ćw and *dźw | |
| consonant clusters | |
| other distinct dialect groups | |
| alanian/scytho -sarmatian | |
| old parthian | |
| 9th century | |
| western and eastern | |
| eastern | |
| avestan | |
| aramaic | |
| greek script | |
| pahlavi | |
| 3rd century ce | |
| middle persian , parthian and sogdian | |
| syriac script | |
| islam | |
| dari | |
| saffarid | |
| 875 ce | |
| khorasan | |
| arabic script | |
| second half of the 8th century | |
| tajik script | |
| the 1930s | |
| the soviet government | |
| khuzestan | |
| sogdian and bactrian | |
| 6th century ad | |
| zarafshan valley | |
| saka | |
| daylighting | |
| positive | |
| energy consumption | |
| artificial light sources | |
| lighting or illumination | |
| daylighting | |
| lighting | |
| positive | |
| energy consumption | |
| lighting or illumination | |
| light fixtures | |
| indoor lighting | |
| lighting | |
| light fixtures | |
| lighting | |
| 1939 | |
| recessed lighting | |
| 400 ,000 bce | |
| birds and fish | |
| campfires or torches | |
| 15 ,000 years | |
| incandescent light | |
| early 1800s | |
| urban crime. | |
| lighting fixtures | |
| visual glare | |
| lumen per watt | |
| 6400 | |
| incandescent bulb | |
| blue -white | |
| lower color temperature | |
| light produced by the fixture. | |
| lightolier | |
| master transformer | |
| cable lighting | |
| 12 or 24 volts | |
| torchiere | |
| table lamp | |
| task lighting | |
| dark nightclub | |
| illuminated ceiling | |
| accent lighting | |
| small lights | |
| led based versions | |
| translucent tube | |
| street lights | |
| photovoltaic luminaires | |
| floodlights | |
| security lighting | |
| entry lights | |
| red | |
| white or selective yellow | |
| late 1950s | |
| white | |
| turn signals | |
| light bulbs | |
| electrical energy | |
| 60 w | |
| 800 lumens | |
| architectural lighting design | |
| kno | |
| radiance | |
| tabular | |
| daylight factor calculation. | |
| dark paint | |
| light paint | |
| photometric studies | |
| lighting cues | |
| stage lighting | |
| candela -lrb -cd -rrb- | |
| cd/m2 | |
| stilb | |
| lumen -lrb -lm -rrb- | |
| luminosity function | |
| lux | |
| unified glare rating | |
| correlated color temperature | |
| color rendering index | |
| cri | |
| cct | |
| gamut area index | |
| gai | |
| ano | |
| light dosimeters | |
| daysimeter | |
| circadian light meter | |
| 30 | |
| short -wavelength light | |
| specification of illumination requirements | |
| lighting control | |
| wireless mesh open standards | |
| zigbee | |
| no | |
| occupancy sensors | |
| changes in heat | |
| ultrasonic sensors | |
| no | |
| daylighting | |
| not | |
| leds | |
| nonimaging optics | |
| higher lighting levels | |
| alzheimer 's disease | |
| 24 | |
| disrupt the natural circadian cycle | |
| robert ulrich | |
| no | |
| no | |
| university of toronto scarborough | |
| northwestern university | |
| dr . abraham gesner | |
| 1849 | |
| coal -gas methods | |
| compact fluorescent lamps | |
| not | |
| 10 % | |
| 50 ,000 | |
| 50 ,000 hours | |
| 70 % | |
| light pollution | |
| glare | |
| searchlights and flares | |
| light | |
| infrared cameras | |
| flares | |
| laser -guided and gps weapons | |
| international commission on illumination | |
| the illuminating engineering society of north america | |
| ansi and ashrae | |
| distribution of light released | |
| the international association of lighting designers | |
| the professional lighting designers association | |
| elda | |
| ncqlp | |
| the national council on qualifications for the lighting professions | |
| lc | |
| clep and clmc | |
| the professional lighting and sound association | |
| uk | |
| 500+ | |
| restriction of hazardous substances directive | |
| separation of powers | |
| three | |
| united states constitution | |
| checks and balances | |
| separation of powers | |
| john locke | |
| thomas hobbes | |
| montesquieu | |
| the framers of the united states constitution | |
| john locke | |
| thomas hobbes | |
| montesquieu | |
| uk | |
| parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government | |
| separate and distinct | |
| united kingdom | |
| a member of the court of appeals | |
| congress | |
| clinton v . city of new york | |
| 1998 | |
| congress | |
| nondelegation doctrine | |
| clinton v . city of new york | |
| 1998 | |
| wayman v . southard | |
| 1825 | |
| john marshall | |
| the judiciary | |
| wayman v . southard | |
| john marshall | |
| the 1930s | |
| national recovery administration | |
| 1935 | |
| 1935 | |
| schechter poultry corp . v . united states | |
| army and navy | |
| senate | |
| impeachment | |
| quasi -judicial | |
| executive | |
| the president | |
| impeachment | |
| congress | |
| the performance of their duties | |
| ins v . chadha | |
| 1983 | |
| two -thirds | |
| judicial | |
| president | |
| senate | |
| constitutional courts | |
| judicial power | |
| the president | |
| the senate | |
| legislative courts | |
| judicial power of the united states | |
| president | |
| the president | |
| the vice president | |
| the president | |
| the president | |
| the president | |
| congress | |
| the senate | |
| courts | |
| marbury v . madison | |
| the supreme court | |
| congress | |
| the supreme court | |
| the chief justice | |
| james madison | |
| federalist 51 | |
| congress | |
| two | |
| one | |
| twelve | |
| andrew jackson | |
| fifteen | |
| tenure of office act | |
| grover cleveland | |
| grover cleveland | |
| franklin roosevelt | |
| congress | |
| national security | |
| checks and balances | |
| the supreme court | |
| the florida supreme court | |
| the florida supreme court | |
| architectural | |
| architectura | |
| architecture | |
| architectural works | |
| architectural achievements | |
| greek | |
| ἀρχι - `` chief '' and τέκτων `` builder '' | |
| buildings and other physical structures | |
| as works of art | |
| historical civilizations | |
| de architectura | |
| roman architect vitruvius | |
| 1st century ad. | |
| firmness , commodity and delight. | |
| de architectura | |
| vitruvius | |
| architect | |
| firmitas , utilitas , venustas | |
| firmness , commodity and delight | |
| 16th century | |
| vasari | |
| italian , french , spanish and english | |
| architect | |
| leon battista alberti | |
| proportion | |
| the golden mean | |
| 16th | |
| augustus welby northmore pugin | |
| 1836 | |
| contrasts | |
| 1836 | |
| modern , industrial world | |
| gothic | |
| john ruskin | |
| john ruskin | |
| art critic | |
| 1849 | |
| to his mental health , power , and pleasure | |
| not | |
| the aesthetic | |
| it is in some way `` adorned '' | |
| string courses or rustication | |
| 20th -century | |
| le corbusier | |
| architect | |
| 20th -century | |
| heart | |
| i am happy | |
| function | |
| aesthetic , psychological and cultural | |
| vitruvius | |
| all criteria of the use , perception and enjoyment of a building | |
| both popularity and skepticism | |
| rationalism , empiricism , structuralism , poststructuralism , and phenomenology. | |
| philosophies | |
| their approach to building design | |
| poststructuralism | |
| late 20th century | |
| sustainability | |
| environment | |
| non -sustainable power sources | |
| shelter , security , worship | |
| knowledge | |
| a craft | |
| architecture | |
| building materials | |
| vernacular buildings | |
| a surplus in production | |
| trial and error | |
| vernacular | |
| rural | |
| urbanization | |
| rapidly | |
| egypt and mesopotamia | |
| egypt and mesopotamia | |
| the divine and the supernatural | |
| political power | |
| kao gong ji | |
| china | |
| 7th–5th centuries bce | |
| manjusri vasthu vidya sastra | |
| shilpa shastras | |
| pantheistic religion | |
| buddhist architecture | |
| 3rd century bce | |
| the macrocosm and the microcosm | |
| the shastras | |
| buddhist | |
| pantheistic religion | |
| european architecture | |
| 7th century ce | |
| byzantium | |
| religious and social needs | |
| pointed arch | |
| abbeys and cathedrals. | |
| abbeys and cathedrals | |
| clerics and tradesmen | |
| pan -european | |
| romanesque | |
| 900 ce onwards | |
| 1400 | |
| 1400 onwards | |
| europe | |
| renaissance | |
| role of the individual | |
| artist , architect and engineer | |
| functional , technical , social , environmental and aesthetic | |
| form , space and ambience | |
| pragmatic aspects | |
| nunzia rondanini | |
| through its aesthetic dimension | |
| social life | |
| social development | |
| functional aspects | |
| art for art 's sake | |
| quest for perfection or originality | |
| form | |
| civic ideals | |
| new building types | |
| religious or empirical ones | |
| architectural `` style '' | |
| ancient time | |
| specific formal prescriptions | |
| canons | |
| 1st -century bce | |
| religious | |
| guilds | |
| written contracts | |
| ecclesiastical buildings | |
| magister lathomorum | |
| proportions and structure | |
| generalist | |
| architecture and engineering | |
| technical aspects of building design | |
| `` gentleman architect '' | |
| context and feasibility | |
| in the offices of other architects | |
| mass production and consumption | |
| ornamented products | |
| aesthetics | |
| pattern books and architectural journals | |
| current architectural design | |
| 20th | |
| modern architecture | |
| 1907 | |
| to produce better quality machine made objects | |
| the bauhaus school | |
| avant -garde movement | |
| the middle and working classes | |
| the rapidly declining aristocratic order | |
| functionalist | |
| historical references and ornament | |
| frank lloyd wright | |
| robie house and fallingwater | |
| to promote harmony | |
| the industrial revolution | |
| steel -frame construction | |
| international style | |
| twin towers | |
| minoru yamasaki | |
| decorative richness | |
| paul rudolph , marcel breuer , and eero saarinen | |
| unfinished concrete | |
| postwar generation | |
| the school of metaphoric architecture | |
| biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture | |
| nature | |
| expressionist architecture | |
| the late 1950s and 1960s | |
| modernism | |
| human experience | |
| robert venturi | |
| `` ducks '' | |
| since the 1980s | |
| one person | |
| modernism and postmodernism | |
| environmental sustainability | |
| the environment | |
| frank lloyd wright | |
| buckminster fuller | |
| the u .s. green building council | |
| new urbanism , metaphoric architecture and new classical architecture | |
| solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl. | |
| smart growth , architectural tradition and classical design | |
| modernist and globally uniform architecture | |
| life expectancy , education , and income per capita | |
| longer | |
| mahbub ul haq | |
| united nations development programme | |
| longer | |
| 2010 | |
| inequality -adjusted human development index | |
| the ihdi | |
| the hdi | |
| 1990 | |
| amartya sen | |
| people -centered policies | |
| 1990 | |
| life expectancy at birth | |
| mean years of schooling | |
| expected years of schooling | |
| gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita | |
| the united nations development programme | |
| december 14 , 2015 | |
| 2014 | |
| july 24 , 2014 | |
| 2013 | |
| inequality | |
| the average level | |
| cuba | |
| very high | |
| lack of necessary data | |
| north korea | |
| march 14 , 2013 | |
| 2012 | |
| the average level | |
| barbados | |
| barbados | |
| 2011 | |
| barbados | |
| barbados | |
| unavailability of certain crucial data | |
| north korea | |
| november 4 , 2010 | |
| 2010 | |
| income , life expectancy , and education | |
| barbados | |
| unavailability of certain crucial data | |
| cuba | |
| high human development country | |
| october 5 , 2009 | |
| period up to 2007 | |
| overcoming barriers: human mobility and development | |
| very high human development | |
| developed countries | |
| being a non -un member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication | |
| statistical update | |
| an accompanying human development report | |
| up to 2006 | |
| november 27 , 2007 | |
| fighting climate change: human solidarity in a divided world | |
| 2005 | |
| 2005 | |
| brasília , brazil | |
| high income countries | |
| 0.5 | |
| africa | |
| 119th | |
| 121st | |
| gabon and south africa | |
| 0.8 | |
| brazil | |
| russia | |
| red arrows | |
| green arrows | |
| blue dash | |
| norway | |
| iceland | |
| national performance and ranking | |
| western | |
| global | |
| egalitarianism | |
| three | |
| 2010 | |
| the economist | |
| 182 | |
| 169 | |
| mediterranean europe | |
| iberian peninsula | |
| balkan countries | |
| southern france | |
| political , economic , and cultural attributes | |
| geography , climate , and flora | |
| the mediterranean climate | |
| western and southern coastal regions | |
| vegetations and landscapes | |
| mountain ranges of spain and italy | |
| north coast of spain | |
| atlantic climate | |
| phytochoria | |
| armen takhtajan | |
| classical antiquity | |
| city -states | |
| alexander the great | |
| rome | |
| constantinople | |
| germanic | |
| ad 476 | |
| 300 ad | |
| the byzantine empire | |
| germanic peoples | |
| kingdoms and empires of their own | |
| the crusades | |
| 1204 | |
| genoa and venice | |
| the reconquista | |
| the byzantine empire | |
| the late middle ages | |
| the black death | |
| the ottoman empire | |
| 1453 | |
| 14th century | |
| florence | |
| science and theology | |
| greek and roman | |
| portugal and spain | |
| 1648 | |
| spain and france | |
| galileo galilei | |
| guglielmo marconi | |
| the rise of colonial empires | |
| the columbian exchange | |
| manufacturing | |
| the industrial revolution of great britain | |
| between 1815 and 1871 | |
| the ottoman empire | |
| 1870 | |
| the age of empire | |
| 1914 | |
| 1918 | |
| the paris peace conference | |
| the nazi regime | |
| adolf hitler | |
| italy | |
| mussolini | |
| the warsaw pact | |
| european union | |
| market rules , competition , legal standards and environmentalism | |
| 1989 | |
| 1991 | |
| 2013 | |
| romance languages | |
| italy , san marino , and the vatican | |
| eastern spain | |
| galician | |
| over 40 million | |
| hellenic | |
| cyprus | |
| macedonian | |
| bulgarian | |
| slovenia | |
| english | |
| spanish | |
| maltese | |
| albanian | |
| semitic | |
| northern spain and southwestern france | |
| christianity | |
| 380 ad | |
| roman catholic | |
| greek orthodox | |
| regions | |
| statistical convenience | |
| sub -regions | |
| tourism decision metrics | |
| european travel commission | |
| bbc | |
| royal charter | |
| 1932 | |
| 2 november 1936 | |
| united kingdom | |
| 30 % | |
| television production companies | |
| 30 september 1929 | |
| long acre , london | |
| 30 | |
| june 1932 | |
| 30 march 1930 | |
| broadcasting house , london | |
| telephone line | |
| electromechanical | |
| 16 portland place , london | |
| february 1934 | |
| alexandra palace | |
| vhf | |
| 240 | |
| 405 | |
| monday to saturday | |
| six months | |
| farnsworth image dissector | |
| 13 february 1937 | |
| 40 kilometres | |
| 1938 | |
| rca | |
| a british television set | |
| brookmans park | |
| 2 august 1932 | |
| opening of the bbc television service | |
| king george vi and queen elizabeth | |
| september 1939 | |
| vhf transmissions | |
| the radar programme | |
| mickey 's gala premier | |
| before the end of the cartoon | |
| 18 ,999 | |
| jasmine bligh | |
| 7 june 1946 | |
| lime grove studios | |
| mickey mouse | |
| birmingham | |
| sutton coldfield transmitting station | |
| 405 -line interlaced image | |
| vhf | |
| bbc tv | |
| itv | |
| doctor who | |
| alexandra palace | |
| itv | |
| bbc2 | |
| massive power failure | |
| battersea power station | |
| denis tuohy | |
| bbc two | |
| 15 november 1969 | |
| soap opera or standard news programming | |
| sir david attenborough | |
| documentaries | |
| 1967 | |
| 2000 | |
| 2 | |
| cbbc | |
| bbc natural history unit | |
| the 1950s | |
| life on earth , the private life of plants , the blue planet , the life of mammals , planet earth and frozen planet | |
| fifteen | |
| wales , scotland and northern ireland | |
| local announcers | |
| major local events | |
| give my head peace | |
| river city | |
| gaelic | |
| eòrpa and dè a -nis ? | |
| patrick kielty almost live | |
| 25 % | |
| the simpsons | |
| neighbours | |
| teletext | |
| 1974 | |
| bbci | |
| may 2003 | |
| astra 2d satellite | |
| 14 july | |
| £85 million | |
| western europe | |
| hollywood studios and sporting organisations | |
| sky digital | |
| scottish premier league and scottish cup football | |
| 5 july 2004 | |
| dvd | |
| newsreel | |
| little angels | |
| jana bennett | |
| bbc vision | |
| the onset of new media outlets and technology | |
| 2008 | |
| november 2008 | |
| keeping up appearances | |
| nearly 1000 | |
| bbc worldwide | |
| annually | |
| advertisements and subscription | |
| 2013 | |
| danny cohen | |
| commissioning , producing , scheduling and broadcasting | |
| december 2004 | |
| april 2006 | |
| general entertainment | |
| july 30 , 1947 | |
| alois | |
| two | |
| 15 | |
| seven | |
| conan the barbarian | |
| 20 | |
| arnie | |
| 2011 | |
| republican | |
| gray davis | |
| january 5 , 2007 | |
| austria | |
| jadrny | |
| gustav | |
| chief of police | |
| meinhard | |
| refrigerator | |
| soccer | |
| john wayne | |
| police officer | |
| steve reeves | |
| 1971 | |
| patrick | |
| stroke | |
| barbara baker | |
| fortune | |
| mr . universe | |
| junior mr . europe | |
| 1966 | |
| london | |
| reg park | |
| legs | |
| four | |
| rolf putziger | |
| 10 | |
| 21 | |
| new york | |
| ric drasin | |
| la weekly | |
| arnold: the education of a bodybuilder | |
| santa monica college | |
| transcendental meditation | |
| anxiety | |
| the arnold classic | |
| monthly | |
| $250 ,000 | |
| executive editor | |
| junior mr . europe | |
| seven | |
| half an hour | |
| munich stone -lifting contest | |
| 1969 | |
| sergio oliva | |
| 1970 | |
| 23 | |
| franco columbu | |
| 1975 | |
| mr . olympia | |
| pumping iron | |
| three months | |
| jeff bridges | |
| conan | |
| seven | |
| seven | |
| 1977 | |
| dr . willi heepe | |
| $10 ,000 | |
| the globe | |
| hercules | |
| strong | |
| robert altman | |
| new male star of the year | |
| weird | |
| 1991 | |
| 1980 | |
| the incredible hulk | |
| the villain | |
| conan the destroyer | |
| 1984 | |
| james cameron | |
| sylvester stallone | |
| 1987 | |
| twins | |
| $10 million | |
| christmas in connecticut | |
| tales from the crypt | |
| terminator 2: judgment day | |
| the national association of theatre owners | |
| true lies | |
| junior | |
| $150 million | |
| 82 | |
| forum stadtpark | |
| the kid & i | |
| the governator | |
| stan lee | |
| with wings as eagles | |
| randall wallace | |
| may 20 | |
| 10 years | |
| escape plan | |
| terminator genisys | |
| 2015 | |
| 2004 | |
| `` stop the madness '' | |
| 1988 | |
| george h .w. bush | |
| conan the republican | |
| 1999 | |
| the hollywood reporter | |
| august 6 , 2003 | |
| one | |
| 55 .4 % | |
| cruz bustamante | |
| 1 .3 million | |
| 31 % | |
| john g . downey | |
| willie brown | |
| hans and franz | |
| november | |
| four | |
| susan kennedy | |
| phil angelides | |
| san francisco | |
| united states senate | |
| wendy leigh | |
| sargent shriver | |
| the simpsons movie | |
| 1983 | |
| austrian | |
| john mccain | |
| rudy giuliani | |
| the environment and economy | |
| citizens for responsibility and ethics in washington | |
| 89 % | |
| 23 % | |
| gropegate | |
| six | |
| los angeles times | |
| bathing suit | |
| gq | |
| marijuana | |
| anna richardson | |
| the 6th day | |
| los angeles times | |
| 1968 | |
| peter pilz | |
| september 27 , 2006 | |
| refineries | |
| 2020 | |
| the northeast | |
| solar panels | |
| 2009 | |
| carbon dioxide emissions | |
| detroit | |
| article ii , section i , clause v | |
| the new york post | |
| columbia university | |
| index cards | |
| 30 | |
| franco columbu | |
| san fernando earthquake | |
| $10 ,000 | |
| planet hollywood | |
| 2000 | |
| the hard rock cafe | |
| dimensional fund advisors | |
| columbus , ohio | |
| oak productions , inc. | |
| simon & schuster | |
| schatzi on main | |
| santa monica | |
| little treasure | |
| 1998 | |
| 2011 | |
| $38 million | |
| 2006 | |
| polite society | |
| the first apollo moon landing | |
| sue moray | |
| the robert f . kennedy tennis tournament | |
| august 1978 | |
| niece | |
| hyannis | |
| four | |
| heather milligan | |
| 25 years | |
| the los angeles times | |
| 20 | |
| joseph | |
| 2010 | |
| bob kaufman | |
| schwarzenegger | |
| spousal support | |
| brigitte nielsen | |
| bicuspid | |
| 1997 | |
| patrick | |
| right femur | |
| sun valley , idaho | |
| van nuys airport | |
| 6 '2" | |
| herb wesson | |
| 5 '10" | |
| total recall | |
| `` the secret '' | |
| october 2012 | |
| 1992 | |
| hummers | |
| silver | |
| 6 ,300 | |
| $21 ,000 | |
| california hydrogen highway network | |
| u .s. department of energy | |
| the inner city games foundation | |
| shanghai | |
| 400 | |
| the usc sol price school of public policy | |
| 2012 | |
| chairman | |
| 60 | |
| 190 | |
| tamar | |
| devon | |
| plymouth sound | |
| mount batten | |
| sutton | |
| 1620 | |
| 1646 | |
| plymouth colony | |
| devonport | |
| 1928 | |
| plymouth blitz | |
| 1967 | |
| east stonehouse | |
| 261 ,546 | |
| 30th | |
| three | |
| santander | |
| plymouth university | |
| tamari ostia | |
| mount batten | |
| mouth/estuaries of the tamar | |
| 11th | |
| south town | |
| 1211 | |
| king henry vi | |
| mouth of the river plym | |
| 1340 | |
| breton raiders | |
| 1596 | |
| sutton pool | |
| 1512 | |
| sir john hawkins | |
| sir francis drake | |
| 1588 | |
| 1620 | |
| plymouth colony | |
| parliamentarians | |
| four | |
| freedom fields park | |
| 1660 | |
| drake 's island | |
| 18th | |
| 17th | |
| 1690 | |
| river tamar | |
| 318 | |
| 3 ,000 | |
| stoke damerel | |
| timber | |
| devonport | |
| stonehouse | |
| john foulston | |
| union street | |
| william cookworthy | |
| 1768 | |
| chemist | |
| john smeaton | |
| 2 | |
| john rennie | |
| 1841 | |
| 1812 | |
| devonport | |
| guano | |
| devonport | |
| scapa flow | |
| escort vessels | |
| mount batten | |
| royal australian air force | |
| western approaches command | |
| 59 | |
| more than 1 ,000 | |
| over 3 ,700 | |
| sir patrick abercrombie | |
| over 1000 | |
| over 20 ,000 | |
| 1962 | |
| grade ii | |
| ark royal | |
| 1971 | |
| 42 commando of the royal marines | |
| domesday book | |
| 1086 | |
| sudtone | |
| 1254 | |
| 1439 | |
| nancy astor | |
| plymouth sutton | |
| 18 october 1928 | |
| 1935 | |
| plymstock | |
| plymouth devonport | |
| secretary of state for education | |
| 1974 health and safety at work act | |
| labour | |
| plymouth | |
| 250 ,000 | |
| 1971 local government white paper | |
| tamarside | |
| 1 april 1974 | |
| the banham commission | |
| south west england | |
| gary streeter | |
| conservative | |
| moor view | |
| three | |
| 57 | |
| a third | |
| brest | |
| 2001 | |
| king george v | |
| six | |
| the lord mayor | |
| dr john mahony | |
| 3 elliot terrace | |
| lady astor | |
| armada way | |
| june 2007 | |
| £40m | |
| river tamar | |
| river plym | |
| cornwall | |
| plymouth sound | |
| 1967 | |
| cattewater | |
| 1814 | |
| drake 's island | |
| 30 .83 | |
| 155 | |
| site of special scientific interest | |
| lower devonian slates | |
| granite | |
| upper devonian slates | |
| its geology | |
| cremyll | |
| dartmoor | |
| tamar | |
| cattedown | |
| limestone | |
| 27 april 1944 | |
| sir patrick abercrombie | |
| armada way | |
| david mackay | |
| 28 | |
| temperate oceanic | |
| 52 | |
| february | |
| 20 | |
| july | |
| atlantic depressions | |
| autumn | |
| 39 | |
| november | |
| south -west | |
| over 1 ,600 | |
| south west england | |
| 89 | |
| june 1976 | |
| 4 .25 | |
| −8 .8 °c | |
| january 1979 | |
| 25 ,895 | |
| 22nd | |
| 3 ,000 | |
| £160 million | |
| 1992 | |
| the university of st mark & st john | |
| teacher training | |
| plymouth college of art | |
| 26 ,000 | |
| 153 | |
| four | |
| two | |
| 71 | |
| 13 | |
| three | |
| plymouth college | |
| devonport high school for girls | |
| the royal naval engineering college | |
| 1910 | |
| dockyard technical college | |
| 1994 | |
| university of southampton | |
| marine biological association | |
| sir alister hardy foundation for ocean sciences | |
| marine institute | |
| plymouth marine sciences partnership | |
| national marine aquarium | |
| 256 ,384 | |
| 240 ,720 | |
| 15 ,664 | |
| 2.3 | |
| 0.5 | |
| 25 % | |
| 5 ,169 | |
| £19 ,943 | |
| £23 ,755 | |
| 7 .0 % | |
| 26 .2 % | |
| 78 .3 years | |
| 82.1 | |
| lowest | |
| 12 ,000 | |
| 7 ,500 | |
| 1793 | |
| plymouth gin distillery | |
| the 1930s | |
| 10 % | |
| devonport dockyard | |
| 270 | |
| 500 | |
| hemsley fraser | |
| pannier market | |
| 1959 | |
| 29th | |
| tinside pool | |
| £3 .4 million | |
| `` vision for plymouth '' | |
| david mackay | |
| the plymouth chamber of commerce | |
| 300 ,000 | |
| 33 ,000 | |
| 2004 | |
| october 2006 | |
| cattedown | |
| the riba stirling prize for architecture in 2003 | |
| david mackay | |
| the bretonside bus station | |
| the plymouth pavilions entertainment arena | |
| millbay | |
| the parkway | |
| 40 | |
| tamar bridge | |
| plymouth city airport | |
| first south west | |
| brittany ferries | |
| roscoff | |
| mv armorique | |
| stonehouse | |
| 1204 | |
| plymouth city airport | |
| 6 | |
| 2018 | |
| flyplymouth | |
| 1877 | |
| great western railway | |
| cornish main line | |
| three | |
| crosscountry | |
| 4 february 2014 | |
| 130 | |
| 4 april 2014 | |
| february 2014 | |
| 150 | |
| 1858 | |
| st andrew 's | |
| anglican | |
| over twenty | |
| moses | |
| 1762 | |
| grade ii* | |
| ashkenazi | |
| 58 .1 % | |
| 0 .8 % | |
| 32 .9 % | |
| 24 .7 % | |
| 7 % | |
| 1815 | |
| charlie chaplin | |
| 30s | |
| sailors from the royal navy | |
| british firework championships | |
| august 2006 | |
| roy lowry | |
| university of plymouth | |
| 1992 | |
| 1 ,315 | |
| 200 | |
| free | |
| six | |
| 2009 | |
| bbc south west | |
| itv west country | |
| 16 february 2009 | |
| itv west | |
| bbc radio devon | |
| plymouth argyle f .c. | |
| football league two | |
| home park | |
| the pilgrims | |
| vospers oak villa f .c. | |
| plymouth albion r .f.c. | |
| plymouth raiders | |
| 1875 | |
| plymouth pavilions | |
| 1983 | |
| 1823 | |
| september 2011 | |
| nine | |
| 1973 | |
| plymouth county borough corporation | |
| 24 april 1591 | |
| river meavy | |
| 1801 | |
| plymouth city council | |
| south west water | |
| western power distribution | |
| 2009 | |
| plympton | |
| 1836 | |
| crownhill | |
| five | |
| millbay docks | |
| devon and cornwall constabulary | |
| derriford hospital | |
| 6 | |
| royal eye infirmary | |
| south western ambulance service nhs foundation trust | |
| exeter | |
| 2007 | |
| weston mill | |
| drake memorial park | |
| a brass plaque | |
| mid -19th century | |
| 1666 | |
| english civil war | |
| 1759 | |
| 23 | |
| armada memorial | |
| sutton | |
| 1620 | |
| mayflower steps | |
| 400 | |
| 100 | |
| crownhill fort | |
| north | |
| the landmark trust | |
| west | |
| over 70 | |
| south -east cornwall | |
| kingsand | |
| tamar valley | |
| henning larsen | |
| 2008 | |
| university of plymouth | |
| arts | |
| the city 's central quarter | |
| plymothians | |
| janners | |
| cousin jan | |
| john | |
| tavistock | |
| el draco | |
| 1596 | |
| dysentery | |
| sir joshua reynolds | |
| robert lenkiewicz | |
| plymouth college of art | |
| jazz | |
| keith rowe | |
| trematon castle | |
| footballer | |
| canadian | |
| lyndon b . johnson | |
| clear and present danger | |
| comedian |