Question: Laws regarding antennas were upated before what?

Answer: the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts

In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS, and The CW at 1080i). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. <hl> Laws about antennas were updated before the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts . <hl> These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas.

In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS, and The CW at 1080i). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. Laws about antennas were updated before <hl> the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts <hl>. These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas.

Laws about antennas were updated before <hl> the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts <hl> .


Question: Who do these laws prohibit from banning the installation of antennas?

In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS, and The CW at 1080i). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. Laws about antennas were updated before the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts. These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas.

Answer: home owners' associations and city government

In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS, and The CW at 1080i). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. Laws about antennas were updated before the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts. <hl> These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas. <hl>

In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS, and The CW at 1080i). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. Laws about antennas were updated before the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts. These new laws prohibit <hl> home owners' associations and city government <hl> from banning the installation of antennas.


Question: Laws about antennas keep home owners' associations and city government from banning what?

Answer: the installation of antennas

In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS, and The CW at 1080i). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. Laws about antennas were updated before the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts. <hl> These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas . <hl>

In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS, and The CW at 1080i). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. Laws about antennas were updated before the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts. These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning <hl> the installation of antennas <hl>.

These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning <hl> the installation of antennas <hl> .


Question: Most television sets sold since what year have an ATSC tuner?

Answer: 2009

<hl> In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). <hl> This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS, and The CW at 1080i). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. Laws about antennas were updated before the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts. These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas.

In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since <hl> 2009 <hl> have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS, and The CW at 1080i). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. Laws about antennas were updated before the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts. These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas.


Question: HD content can be displayed by cable-ready TVs without using what?

Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD.

Answer: an external box

<hl> Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box . <hl> They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD.

Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using <hl> an external box <hl>. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD.

Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using <hl> an external box <hl> .


Question: Without using an external box, cable-ready TVs can display what?

Answer: HD content

<hl> Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. <hl> They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD.

Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display <hl> HD content <hl> without using an external box. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD.


Question: What features allow the cable-ready TVs to display HD content without an external box?

Answer: a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD

Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. <hl> They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD . <hl>

Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have <hl> a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD <hl>.

They have <hl> a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD <hl> .


Question: What kind of built-in tuner will allow a cable-ready TV to display HD content without an external box?

Answer: QAM

Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. <hl> They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD. <hl>

Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have a <hl> QAM <hl> tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD.


Question: What kind of card will allow a cable-ready TV to display HD content without an external box?

Answer: CableCARD

Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. <hl> They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD . <hl>

Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a <hl> CableCARD <hl>.

They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a <hl> CableCARD <hl> .


Question: Roku and AppleTV are examples of what?

Answer: IPTV

<hl> High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads. <hl>

High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, <hl> IPTV <hl> (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads.


Question: Internet downloads, Blu-ray videos, and Apple TV are examples of what?

Answer: High-definition image sources

<hl> High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads. <hl>

<hl> High-definition image sources <hl> include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads.


Question: Terrestrial broadcast and direct broadcast satellite are examples of what?

Answer: High-definition image sources

<hl> High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads. <hl>

<hl> High-definition image sources <hl> include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads.


Question: Digital cable and Roku are examples of what?

Answer: High-definition image sources

<hl> High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads. <hl>

<hl> High-definition image sources <hl> include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads.


Question: Why does the PlayStation 3 have extensive HD compatibility?

Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content. Recently, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, The Wii U, which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics.

Answer: because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player

<hl> Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player , so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content. <hl> Recently, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, The Wii U, which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics.

Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility <hl> because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player <hl>, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content. Recently, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, The Wii U, which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics.

Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility <hl> because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player <hl> , so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content.


Question: In addition to having a Blu-ray player the Xbox 360 also features what?

Answer: Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace

<hl> Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content. <hl> Recently, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, The Wii U, which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics.

Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of <hl> Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace <hl> where users can rent or purchase digital HD content. Recently, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, The Wii U, which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics.


Question: What high definition gaming platform did Nintendo recently release?

Answer: The Wii U

Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content. <hl> Recently, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, The Wii U , which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. <hl> The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics.

Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content. Recently, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, <hl> The Wii U <hl>, which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics.

Recently, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, <hl> The Wii U <hl> , which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix.


Question: The HD capabilities of modern gaming systems has inspired developers to do what?

Answer: port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics

Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content. Recently, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, The Wii U, which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. <hl> The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics . <hl>

Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content. Recently, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, The Wii U, which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to <hl> port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics <hl>.

The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to <hl> port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics <hl> .


Question: Sky HD's set-top box, TiVo's Series 3, and Dish Network's VIP 622 are examples of what?

HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.

Answer: an HDTV-capable digital video recorder

<hl> HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. <hl> Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.

HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to <hl> an HDTV-capable digital video recorder <hl> (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.


Question: Some cable boxes are capable of doing what?

Answer: receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format

HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. <hl> Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format , <hl> and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.

HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. Some cable boxes are capable of <hl> receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format <hl>, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.

Some cable boxes are capable of <hl> receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format <hl> ,


Question: What restriction does W-VHS recordings have?

Answer: analog only

<hl> HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS ( analog only ), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. <hl> Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.

HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (<hl> analog only <hl>), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.

HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS ( <hl> analog only <hl> ), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC.


Question: What does D-VHS stand for?

Answer: Digital-VHS or Data-VHS

<hl> HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS ( Digital-VHS or Data-VHS ), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. <hl> Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.

HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (<hl> Digital-VHS or Data-VHS <hl>), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.

HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS ( <hl> Digital-VHS or Data-VHS <hl> ), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC.


Question: When was the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder introduced?

The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray.

Answer: 2008

The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. <hl> In 2008 , the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. <hl> This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray.

The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In <hl> 2008 <hl>, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray.

In <hl> 2008 <hl> , the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced.


Question: How does the Personal Video Recorder store content?

Answer: in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file

The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. <hl> This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. <hl> More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray.

The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content <hl> in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file <hl> on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray.


Question: Recent systems can record a broadcast HD program in what format?

Answer: 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray

The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. <hl> More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray . <hl>

The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its <hl> 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray <hl>.

More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its <hl> 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray <hl> .


Question: What uncompressed storage option was introduced in 2008?

Answer: the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder

The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. <hl> In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. <hl> This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray.

The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, <hl> the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder <hl> was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray.


Question: W-VHS recorders are capable of recording what kinds of signals?

Answer: analog HD

<hl> Analog tape recorders with bandwidth capable of recording analog HD signals, such as W-VHS recorders, are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both expensive and scarce in the secondary market. <hl>

Analog tape recorders with bandwidth capable of recording <hl> analog HD <hl> signals, such as W-VHS recorders, are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both expensive and scarce in the secondary market.


Question: What kind of recorder is no longer produced for the consumer market?

Answer: Analog tape

<hl> Analog tape recorders with bandwidth capable of recording analog HD signals, such as W-VHS recorders, are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both expensive and scarce in the secondary market. <hl>

<hl> Analog tape <hl> recorders with bandwidth capable of recording analog HD signals, such as W-VHS recorders, are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both expensive and scarce in the secondary market.


Question: In the secondary market, analog tape recorders are considered what?

Answer: expensive and scarce

<hl> Analog tape recorders with bandwidth capable of recording analog HD signals, such as W-VHS recorders, are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both expensive and scarce in the secondary market. <hl>

Analog tape recorders with bandwidth capable of recording analog HD signals, such as W-VHS recorders, are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both <hl> expensive and scarce <hl> in the secondary market.


Question: Prior to 2004, what were US cable companies required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes?

In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. As of July 2004[update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. This content is protected by encryption known as 5C. This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.

Answer: a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request

<hl> In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request . <hl> None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. As of July 2004[update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. This content is protected by encryption known as 5C. This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.

In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with <hl> a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request <hl>. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. As of July 2004[update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. This content is protected by encryption known as 5C. This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.

In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with <hl> a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request <hl> .


Question: When were boxes with "functional" FireWire no longer included in the FCC mandate?

Answer: July 2004

In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. <hl> As of July 2004 [update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. <hl> This content is protected by encryption known as 5C. This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.

In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. As of <hl> July 2004 <hl>[update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. This content is protected by encryption known as 5C. This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.

As of <hl> July 2004 <hl> [update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate.


Question: Content is now protected by what encryption?

Answer: 5C

In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. As of July 2004[update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. <hl> This content is protected by encryption known as 5C . <hl> This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.

In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. As of July 2004[update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. This content is protected by encryption known as <hl> 5C <hl>. This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.

This content is protected by encryption known as <hl> 5C <hl> .


Question: What can 5c encryption prevent?

Answer: duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted

In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. As of July 2004[update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. <hl> This content is protected by encryption known as 5C. This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted , thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content. <hl>

In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. As of July 2004[update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. This content is protected by encryption known as 5C. This encryption can prevent <hl> duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted <hl>, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.

This content is protected by encryption known as 5C. This encryption can prevent <hl> duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted <hl> , thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.


Question: In addition to being used to build things, what has wood been used for over thousands of years?

It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed] In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber.

Answer: fuel

<hl> It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. <hl> It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed] In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber.

It has been used for thousands of years for both <hl> fuel <hl> and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed] In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber.


Question: What kind of strong fibers are part of the composite of wood?

Answer: cellulose

It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. <hl> It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. <hl> Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed] In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber.

It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of <hl> cellulose <hl> fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed] In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber.


Question: What's the matrix in wood made up of?

Answer: lignin

It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. <hl> It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. <hl> Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed] In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber.

It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of <hl> lignin <hl> which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed] In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber.


Question: What one word describes the function wood provides to a tree or plant?

Answer: support

It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. <hl> Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed] In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. <hl> It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber.

It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed] In a living tree it performs a <hl> support <hl> function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber.


Question: What does wood convey to leaves, roots, and other tissues of a woody plant in addition to water?

Answer: nutrients

It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed] In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. <hl> It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. <hl> Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber.

It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed] In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and <hl> nutrients <hl> between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber.


Question: How many cubic meters of growing stock forest are there on the planet?

The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction.

Answer: 434 billion

<hl> The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. <hl> As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction.

The Earth contains about <hl> 434 billion <hl> cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction.


Question: What percentage of the Earth's stock forest is commercial?

Answer: 47%

<hl> The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. <hl> As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction.

The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, <hl> 47% <hl> of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction.


Question: In addition to buildings, what is wood often used to make?

Answer: furniture

The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. <hl> Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction. <hl>

The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Dominant uses were for <hl> furniture <hl> and building construction.


Question: About how many cubic kilometers of the vast stock forest's wood were harvested in 1991?

Answer: 3.5

The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. <hl> In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. <hl> Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction.

The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately <hl> 3.5 <hl> cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction.


Question: In addition to being carbon neutral, what other adjective describes wood that makes it compelling as a renewable energy source?

Answer: abundant

The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. <hl> As an abundant , carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. <hl> In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction.

The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an <hl> abundant <hl>, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction.

As an <hl> abundant <hl> , carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy.


Question: What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered?

A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created.

Answer: 2011

<hl> A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. <hl> Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created.

A <hl> 2011 <hl> discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created.


Question: In which Canadian province were the oldest woody plants found?

Answer: New Brunswick

<hl> A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. <hl> Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created.

A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of <hl> New Brunswick <hl> uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created.


Question: If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood?

Answer: carbon dating

A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. <hl> Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created. <hl>

A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by <hl> carbon dating <hl> and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created.


Question: How many millions of years old were the plants that were discovered in New Brunswick?

Answer: 395 to 400

<hl> A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. <hl> Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created.

A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately <hl> 395 to 400 <hl> million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created.


Question: What has been the primary purpose of wood for millennia other than fuel?

People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.

Answer: construction material

<hl> People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. <hl> The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.

People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a <hl> construction material <hl> for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.


Question: What is often made of wood that provides shelter to people?

Answer: houses

<hl> People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses , tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. <hl> The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.

People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making <hl> houses <hl>, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.

People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making <hl> houses <hl> , tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper.


Question: For clues about the climate of a place, we can look at variation in isotopic abundances or what other thing?

Answer: tree-ring widths

People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. <hl> The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time. <hl>

People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in <hl> tree-ring widths <hl> and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.


Question: What could be made out of wood that could be used to fight off attackers?

Answer: weapons

<hl> People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons , furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. <hl> The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.

People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, <hl> weapons <hl>, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.

People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, <hl> weapons <hl> , furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper.


Question: What category of items often constructed from wood does a chair belong to?

Answer: furniture

<hl> People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture , packaging, artworks, and paper. <hl> The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.

People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, <hl> furniture <hl>, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.

People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, <hl> furniture <hl> , packaging, artworks, and paper.


Question: Where does wood come from?

Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent.

Answer: trees

<hl> Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees , which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. <hl> This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent.

Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by <hl> trees <hl>, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent.

Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by <hl> trees <hl> , which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots.


Question: What forms in a tree to increase its diameter?

Answer: woody layers

<hl> Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. <hl> This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent.

Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new <hl> woody layers <hl> which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent.


Question: What is the process of trees growing out to get bigger around called?

Answer: secondary growth

Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. <hl> This process is known as secondary growth ; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. <hl> Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent.

Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as <hl> secondary growth <hl>; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent.

This process is known as <hl> secondary growth <hl> ; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells.


Question: What do many places have four of that would cause growth rings in a tree?

Answer: seasons

Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. <hl> Where there are clear seasons , growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. <hl> If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent.

Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. Where there are clear <hl> seasons <hl>, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent.

Where there are clear <hl> seasons <hl> , growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces.


Question: If a place has annual seasons, what are the growth rings on the trees there called?

Answer: annual rings

Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. <hl> If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings . <hl> Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent.

Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as <hl> annual rings <hl>. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent.

If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as <hl> annual rings <hl> .


Question: If a growth ring has differences over one season, would the part nearest the tree's center be narrower or wider?

If there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earlywood or springwood. The outer portion formed later in the season is then known as the latewood or summerwood. However, there are major differences, depending on the kind of wood (see below).

Answer: wider

<hl> If there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. <hl> It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earlywood or springwood. The outer portion formed later in the season is then known as the latewood or summerwood. However, there are major differences, depending on the kind of wood (see below).

If there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of <hl> wider <hl> elements. It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earlywood or springwood. The outer portion formed later in the season is then known as the latewood or summerwood. However, there are major differences, depending on the kind of wood (see below).


Question: What name, besides springwood, is used for the part of a growth ring formed in the beginning of the growing season?

Answer: earlywood

If there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. <hl> It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earlywood or springwood. <hl> The outer portion formed later in the season is then known as the latewood or summerwood. However, there are major differences, depending on the kind of wood (see below).

If there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as <hl> earlywood <hl> or springwood. The outer portion formed later in the season is then known as the latewood or summerwood. However, there are major differences, depending on the kind of wood (see below).


Question: If the opposite of springwood is summerwood, what's the opposite of earlywood?

Answer: latewood

If there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earlywood or springwood. <hl> The outer portion formed later in the season is then known as the latewood or summerwood. <hl> However, there are major differences, depending on the kind of wood (see below).

If there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earlywood or springwood. The outer portion formed later in the season is then known as the <hl> latewood <hl> or summerwood. However, there are major differences, depending on the kind of wood (see below).


Question: Is earlywood usually lighter or darker than the part of the growth ring that forms later in the season?

Answer: lighter

If there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. <hl> It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earlywood or springwood. <hl> The outer portion formed later in the season is then known as the latewood or summerwood. However, there are major differences, depending on the kind of wood (see below).

If there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. It is usually <hl> lighter <hl> in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earlywood or springwood. The outer portion formed later in the season is then known as the latewood or summerwood. However, there are major differences, depending on the kind of wood (see below).


Question: Is summerwood the inner or outer portion of a growth ring?

Answer: outer

If there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. <hl> It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earlywood or springwood. <hl> The outer portion formed later in the season is then known as the latewood or summerwood. However, there are major differences, depending on the kind of wood (see below).

If there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. It is usually lighter in color than that near the <hl> outer <hl> portion of the ring, and is known as earlywood or springwood. The outer portion formed later in the season is then known as the latewood or summerwood. However, there are major differences, depending on the kind of wood (see below).


Question: What is the sort of circular imperfection in a piece of wood called?

A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.

Answer: knot

<hl> A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. <hl> In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.

A <hl> knot <hl> is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.


Question: What property of wood does a knot usually reduce in the wood around it?

Answer: strength

<hl> A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. <hl> In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.

A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local <hl> strength <hl> and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.


Question: In what direction is wood often sawn so that a knot appears as a solid circle that the grain flows around?

Answer: longitudinally

A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. <hl> In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). <hl> Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.

A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a <hl> longitudinally <hl> sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.


Question: Are knots usually lighter or darker than the surrounding wood?

Answer: darker

A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. <hl> In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker ) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). <hl> Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.

A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually <hl> darker <hl>) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.

In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually <hl> darker <hl> ) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins).


Question: The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood?

Answer: 90

A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). <hl> Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood. <hl>

A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to <hl> 90 <hl> degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.


Question: Other than the base of a side branch, what tree feature causes a knot?

In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud. A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape (hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem diameter at which the plant's vascular cambium was located when the branch formed as a bud.

Answer: a dormant bud

<hl> In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud . <hl> A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape (hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem diameter at which the plant's vascular cambium was located when the branch formed as a bud.

In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or <hl> a dormant bud <hl>. A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape (hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem diameter at which the plant's vascular cambium was located when the branch formed as a bud.

In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or <hl> a dormant bud <hl> .


Question: What shape is the knot formed by a side branch's base?

Answer: conical

In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud. <hl> A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape (hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem diameter at which the plant's vascular cambium was located when the branch formed as a bud. <hl>

In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud. A knot (when the base of a side branch) is <hl> conical <hl> in shape (hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem diameter at which the plant's vascular cambium was located when the branch formed as a bud.


Question: What measurement of a stem determines a knot's inner tip placement?

Answer: diameter

In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud. <hl> A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape (hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem diameter at which the plant's vascular cambium was located when the branch formed as a bud. <hl>

In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud. A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape (hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem <hl> diameter <hl> at which the plant's vascular cambium was located when the branch formed as a bud.


Question: Because a knot's shape is conical, what shape does a cross-section of it have?

Answer: circular

In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud. A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape ( <hl> hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem diameter at which the plant's vascular cambium was located when the branch formed as a bud. <hl>

In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud. A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape (hence the roughly <hl> circular <hl> cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem diameter at which the plant's vascular cambium was located when the branch formed as a bud.


Question: What will the lower limbs of a tree usually do during development?

During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards.

Answer: die

<hl> During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die , but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. <hl> Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards.

During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often <hl> die <hl>, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards.

During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often <hl> die <hl> , but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years.


Question: For what length of time can a dead lower limb stay attached to a tree?

Answer: years

<hl> During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years . <hl> Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards.

During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes <hl> years <hl>. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards.

During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes <hl> years <hl> .


Question: Rather than being joined to the limb that died, where do subsequent layers grow?

Answer: around it

During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. <hl> Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it . <hl> Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards.

During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown <hl> around it <hl>. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards.

Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown <hl> around it <hl> .


Question: Are the knots that dead tree limbs form attached or not attached?

Answer: not attached

During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. <hl> Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached , and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards. <hl>

During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are <hl> not attached <hl>, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards.

Hence, dead branches produce knots which are <hl> not attached <hl> , and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards.


Question: A detached knot will probably drop out of the wood when someone saws it into what?

Answer: boards

During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. <hl> Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards . <hl>

During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into <hl> boards <hl>.

Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into <hl> boards <hl> .


Question: What's the process in which knots are classified called?

In grading lumber and structural timber, knots are classified according to their form, size, soundness, and the firmness with which they are held in place. This firmness is affected by, among other factors, the length of time for which the branch was dead while the attaching stem continued to grow.

Answer: grading

<hl> In grading lumber and structural timber, knots are classified according to their form, size, soundness, and the firmness with which they are held in place. <hl> This firmness is affected by, among other factors, the length of time for which the branch was dead while the attaching stem continued to grow.

In <hl> grading <hl> lumber and structural timber, knots are classified according to their form, size, soundness, and the firmness with which they are held in place. This firmness is affected by, among other factors, the length of time for which the branch was dead while the attaching stem continued to grow.


Question: Along with firmness, soundness, and form, what property of a knot is classified?

Answer: size

<hl> In grading lumber and structural timber, knots are classified according to their form, size , soundness, and the firmness with which they are held in place. <hl> This firmness is affected by, among other factors, the length of time for which the branch was dead while the attaching stem continued to grow.

In grading lumber and structural timber, knots are classified according to their form, <hl> size <hl>, soundness, and the firmness with which they are held in place. This firmness is affected by, among other factors, the length of time for which the branch was dead while the attaching stem continued to grow.

In grading lumber and structural timber, knots are classified according to their form, <hl> size <hl> , soundness, and the firmness with which they are held in place.


Question: What property of knots does the amount of time a branch stayed on a tree while the stem kept growing affect?

Answer: firmness

<hl> In grading lumber and structural timber, knots are classified according to their form, size, soundness, and the firmness with which they are held in place. <hl> This firmness is affected by, among other factors, the length of time for which the branch was dead while the attaching stem continued to grow.

In grading lumber and structural timber, knots are classified according to their form, size, soundness, and the <hl> firmness <hl> with which they are held in place. This firmness is affected by, among other factors, the length of time for which the branch was dead while the attaching stem continued to grow.