KEY.json

{
 "A001": {
  "question_id": 12014,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "Stem gives geometry and temperatures but omits emissivity, correlation, and per-foot convention, so different valid assumptions yield different heat-loss values.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A002": {
  "question_id": 8935,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The series has a unique telescoping sum equal to 5/6, independent of the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A003": {
  "question_id": 2030,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The question describes a specific manipulation (emotional impact) that uniquely points to semantic features as the answer; without options, a knowledgeable person would give the same fact.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A004": {
  "question_id": 6523,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem describes H+ passing through a channel down its gradient, which specifically identifies facilitated diffusion, but the reference answer is the broader category 'passive transport'; without options, multiple equally correct terms exist.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A005": {
  "question_id": 9114,
  "stratum": "drop_rewrite",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rewrite",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "stem alone poses no answerable question",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A006": {
  "question_id": 10036,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The average acceleration is uniquely determined by the given speeds and time, yielding 4.4 ft/s^2.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A007": {
  "question_id": 8554,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem asks which statement is false, so without the options there is no unique target; it excludes rather than identifies.",
  "failure": "negation",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A008": {
  "question_id": 4862,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem does not specify a precise date range; occupation of the harsh interior has varied estimates, so other plausible answers remain.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A009": {
  "question_id": 2716,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 7,
  "reason": "The stem specifies the outcome and the property sought, making the conflict predictor identifiable without the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A010": {
  "question_id": 9214,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "A step-up transformer uniquely steps up voltage, so the answer remains correct without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A011": {
  "question_id": 9298,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem gives all numbers but not the instant during the first second at which acceleration is wanted; using initial, final, or average mass yields different values.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A012": {
  "question_id": 3707,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The pH is uniquely calculable from the given concentration and Ka, yielding about 9.4 without needing the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A013": {
  "question_id": 11528,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The incident wave, frequency, and copper properties determine a unique absorbed power density from standard formulas.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A014": {
  "question_id": 4736,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 6,
  "reason": "The stem supplies a fact but not a unique inference; multiple plausible implications compete.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A015": {
  "question_id": 5705,
  "stratum": "drop_rewrite",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rewrite",
  "score": 10,
  "reason": "stem alone poses no answerable question",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A016": {
  "question_id": 11491,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem specifies geometry, initial and ambient temperatures, heat transfer coefficient, and time; with standard copper properties the lumped-capacitance calculation yields a unique result matching the reference (about 725\u00b0F and 467\u00b0F).",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A017": {
  "question_id": 1146,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The tax discriminates against nonresidents, making the Privileges and Immunities Clause the uniquely applicable constitutional basis.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A018": {
  "question_id": 10604,
  "stratum": "drop_rewrite",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rewrite",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "stem alone poses no answerable question",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A019": {
  "question_id": 2601,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem supplies the phenomenon but asks for a demonstration, leaving many equally valid methods open; the reference answer is one of several.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A020": {
  "question_id": 4879,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 5,
  "reason": "The passage supports union solidarity, but other labor-related goals could also be defended, so the stem alone does not uniquely determine the answer.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": "fragment"
 },
 "A021": {
  "question_id": 3522,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem asks broadly for any distinction between two terms, leaving many correct comparisons rather than a single fact.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A022": {
  "question_id": 2918,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The single correct explanation is pre-existing resistant viruses selected by the drug; other explanations are incorrect.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A023": {
  "question_id": 158,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The percent markup based on selling price has a unique value computable from the stem alone (43.5/180 = 24.17%), so the options are not needed.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A024": {
  "question_id": 7143,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 9,
  "reason": "The stem directly asks for a definition, and collusion has a standard economic meaning that a knowledgeable person would give.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A025": {
  "question_id": 2312,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem asks for an explanation but does not single out one of several mechanisms information processing theory could offer; other valid explanations exist.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A026": {
  "question_id": 126,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Without options, the blanks are filled by the standard B2B conflict-of-interest taxonomy: professional vs organizational and personal vs organizational; no other distinct fact fits the examples.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A027": {
  "question_id": 178,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The assessed value and tax rates determine the total tax uniquely, so the answer remains correct without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A028": {
  "question_id": 10863,
  "stratum": "drop_rewrite",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rewrite",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "stem alone poses no answerable question",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A029": {
  "question_id": 3406,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 8,
  "reason": "The stem asks for the standard basis of insect order classification; the answer is canonical and not dependent on the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A030": {
  "question_id": 10372,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The number of unlabeled trees on 5 vertices has a unique value, 3.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A031": {
  "question_id": 6603,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem is an incomplete fragment naming a topic but no question; without the options there is no target to answer.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A032": {
  "question_id": 6267,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The ATP yield from glucose oxidation varies with cellular context (e.g., 30 or 32 depending on shuttle), so the stem alone does not fix a unique answer.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A033": {
  "question_id": 6146,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "Stem asks for a true statement about complications of a large goitre, but many true statements exist; the reference is just one possibility.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A034": {
  "question_id": 10730,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The stem asks for any factor preventing overfitting in bagging; many correct facts exist, so the intended answer is not uniquely identifiable without the options.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A035": {
  "question_id": 9563,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem supplies area, permeability, and field intensity; the flux is uniquely calculable as 30,000 lines without needing the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A036": {
  "question_id": 2207,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "Without the options, the stem leaves the condition unspecified; a knowledgeable respondent would likely answer 'only with the employee's explicit consent,' not the referenced 'referred by supervisor' condition.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A037": {
  "question_id": 6543,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 8,
  "reason": "Stem gives sufficient clinical context: young diabetic in October with up-to-date screenings, pointing uniquely to annual influenza vaccination.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A038": {
  "question_id": 6589,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 9,
  "reason": "The stem identifies a specific ATP-requiring step in muscle contraction apart from the power stroke, and myosin-actin detachment is the unique textbook answer.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A039": {
  "question_id": 10814,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Without the options, the sentence has one standard predicate-logic translation, the inclusive disjunction of the two atomic predications.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A040": {
  "question_id": 10105,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Length contraction formula gives a unique speed: v = c sqrt(1 - (L/L0)^2) = 0.60c.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A041": {
  "question_id": 10476,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem asks for a possible explanation, leaving many valid answers; the reference is only one of several.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A042": {
  "question_id": 2820,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem asks for the exception, so without options any number of statements would qualify.",
  "failure": "negation",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A043": {
  "question_id": 3118,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 8,
  "reason": "The stem invokes logistic growth and asks for the best control strategy; from that model, lowering carrying capacity is the distinctive unique answer, though 'most effective' leaves slight room for phrasing.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A044": {
  "question_id": 8908,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem provides total time and per-subject time, so the number of subjects is uniquely determined as 6.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A045": {
  "question_id": 10433,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Euler's formula yields a unique vertex count of 15 from the given faces and edges.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A046": {
  "question_id": 3652,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The work is uniquely determined from the stem's data and standard CO2 heat capacity; removing options leaves a single correct value.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A047": {
  "question_id": 11111,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Stevenson's specific claim fixes a unique answer.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A048": {
  "question_id": 3131,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The stem asks for four events but does not specify which ones, so many equally valid sets exist without the options.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A049": {
  "question_id": 6440,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "Stem gives typical IBS-D, but pharmacotherapy has many valid options; 'most appropriate' only ranks the provided drug list.",
  "failure": "ranks_options",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A050": {
  "question_id": 5217,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Joe's desperate attempts to get close, typical of his relationships, are the classic behavioral marker of anxious-ambivalent attachment, a unique category in attachment theory.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A051": {
  "question_id": 11331,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The question provides all needed geometric and thermal data and asks for a specific calculated condensation rate, which has a unique answer from standard heat-transfer correlations; the options are not needed.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A052": {
  "question_id": 6592,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 9,
  "reason": "Stem specifies the condition and asks for its typical clinical features; the reference answer is the standard constellation for predominant MR with a minor MS component.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A053": {
  "question_id": 11106,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem names an obscure term but does not specify the classification system, so many correct answers exist.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A054": {
  "question_id": 11360,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The solid angle is uniquely determined by the given area and sphere radius, so the answer 2/3 stands without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A055": {
  "question_id": 11519,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 8,
  "reason": "Stem supplies all data; standard two-stage optimization yields unique payload near 975 lb.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A056": {
  "question_id": 8470,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem gives no numbers to order; the sequence is entirely supplied by the options.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A057": {
  "question_id": 1896,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Without the options, the scenario still identifies the correct legal objection: the woman's testimony about the horse's temperament goes beyond the scope of the direct examination, which addressed only ownership and training. This is the single strongest argument, not merely the best among the listed choices.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A058": {
  "question_id": 6437,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "Stem identifies PID but asks for most appropriate pharmacotherapy without a unique regimen; multiple regimens are correct.",
  "failure": "ranks_options",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A059": {
  "question_id": 465,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The financial data uniquely determines A for weak sales (higher turnover) and B for weak administration and short-term profit (higher margin and net income), so the answer remains A/B/B without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A060": {
  "question_id": 2987,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The question asks which statement is LEAST likely, so every non-answer option would also be a valid response without the list.",
  "failure": "negation",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A061": {
  "question_id": 3473,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem asks for properties of water essential for life, but many valid sets of properties exist; the reference answer is one of many.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A062": {
  "question_id": 8291,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The composition yields a unique expression, -15x^2 + 24, independent of the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A063": {
  "question_id": 9916,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The stem omits the coil's initial orientation and inconsistently asks for average current in a complete cycle while the reference values assume a quarter-cycle interval.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A064": {
  "question_id": 10175,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 10,
  "reason": "The stem supplies the frequency; the period and angular frequency are uniquely computable.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A065": {
  "question_id": 10253,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "Without options, several factors (work, position, force) would correctly fill the blank, so the intended answer is not unique.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A066": {
  "question_id": 7999,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The intersection of independent events is uniquely their product, 0.14, with no options needed.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A067": {
  "question_id": 8981,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem only asks to choose a true statement from a list; without the list there is no proposition to evaluate.",
  "failure": "true_only_among_these",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A068": {
  "question_id": 8948,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The congruences determine a unique smallest positive integer, 263, independent of the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A069": {
  "question_id": 9277,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 9,
  "reason": "Stem fully determines the final speed via conservation of momentum; only slight doubt is velocity versus speed wording.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A070": {
  "question_id": 9280,
  "stratum": "drop_rewrite",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rewrite",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "stem alone poses no answerable question",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A071": {
  "question_id": 6689,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The vignette uniquely points to somatic symptom disorder without needing the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A072": {
  "question_id": 8032,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The exact total is computable, but 'closest' requires the options; without them the answer would be 372, not 380.",
  "failure": "ranks_options",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A073": {
  "question_id": 11524,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem supplies all needed data (waveguide dimensions, frequency, dielectric), and standard waveguide theory yields a unique set of propagation constants for the specified modes.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A074": {
  "question_id": 5675,
  "stratum": "drop_rewrite",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rewrite",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "stem alone poses no answerable question",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A075": {
  "question_id": 4428,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "Negation question depends on the options to define the set being excluded; without them it has no referent.",
  "failure": "negation",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A076": {
  "question_id": 1634,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 8,
  "reason": "The detailed facts about the recorded covenant, the deed, and the lease make the lack of privity with the HOA the clear strongest defense to a damages action.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A077": {
  "question_id": 6389,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 6,
  "reason": "The stem names a specific association, but other vitamins (e.g., A) can also be linked to enamel defects, so it is not uniquely determined.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A078": {
  "question_id": 429,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The premium mathematically is $123.90; only the whole-number options imply rounding to $124, so without options the exact answer competes.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A079": {
  "question_id": 748,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The question supplies all figures and asks for a unique calculated percentage and amount; removing options leaves a single correct answer.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A080": {
  "question_id": 10627,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem asks for the best architecture but does not define the set of candidates, so without options the superlative is under-determined.",
  "failure": "ranks_options",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A081": {
  "question_id": 10765,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 7,
  "reason": "Stem names RGB but not bit depth; standard assumption yields 256^3, but other bit depths exist.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A082": {
  "question_id": 6910,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem supplies n, k, and the DW statistic, but omits the significance level; the conclusion changes with alpha, so it is not unique without the options.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A083": {
  "question_id": 8617,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem asks for 'the number' of positive real zeros, but the intended answer is the Descartes-rule possible count pair; without options the exact count (1) is a plausible competing answer.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A084": {
  "question_id": 585,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem supplies all data for a unique calculation, but the exact premium is $207.36, not the reference $207; rounding to the nearest dollar is never specified.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A085": {
  "question_id": 4280,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The question supplies all needed data and asks for a unique calculated fraction, so the reference answer is the single correct result without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A086": {
  "question_id": 8149,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The total is uniquely determined as 8 \u00d7 40 = 320 liters.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A087": {
  "question_id": 9660,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The lens formula and given distances uniquely determine the image size as 196 cm.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A088": {
  "question_id": 12096,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The inverse Laplace transform is uniquely determined by F(s), yielding 2\u03b4(t)+(3e^-t+2e^-3t)u(t).",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A089": {
  "question_id": 1630,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem sets out a dispute but the correct legal rationale is not uniquely determined; several doctrines could support 'No' without the options.",
  "failure": "true_only_among_these",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A090": {
  "question_id": 185,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 5,
  "reason": "The stem does not specify whether interest is simple add-on or amortized with monthly compounding, so different standard interpretations yield different payments.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A091": {
  "question_id": 6473,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem asks for the most likely cause among many plausible causes; without options, the answer is not uniquely determined.",
  "failure": "ranks_options",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A092": {
  "question_id": 9216,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem asks for 'a principal source', leaving multiple correct answers such as radioactive decay, primordial heat, or tidal friction.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A093": {
  "question_id": 11781,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 5,
  "reason": "Part (a) leaves the boundary type unspecified, so both E1 = -5 and E1 = +5 are equally valid pure-standing-wave conditions; the reference sign is not forced.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A094": {
  "question_id": 4677,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 7,
  "reason": "The stem names the time and event, making Homo erectus the standard intended answer, though a few other hominids existed then; some slight ambiguity remains.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A095": {
  "question_id": 3801,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem asks for liters of water, but the reference answer is a mass (603 g) and follows only from a 1:1 water stoichiometry; without options, correct balancing yields ~4.8 L, not 603 g.",
  "failure": "true_only_among_these",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A096": {
  "question_id": 9352,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The required grating line count is uniquely determined by the given wavelengths and second-order resolving-power formula.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A097": {
  "question_id": 3311,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 10,
  "reason": "The stem itself supplies the key use (tracing pathways), so the answer is uniquely determined without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A098": {
  "question_id": 6076,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 9,
  "reason": "The stem identifies the specific enzyme and its role, making the blockade of aerobic respiration and death the direct, unique consequence.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A099": {
  "question_id": 8352,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The total cost is uniquely determined by the given prices and quantities: 4*2.99 + 3*6.99 = 32.93.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A100": {
  "question_id": 10856,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The only counterexample is P, Q, and R all true, so the reference answer remains the single correct answer without the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A101": {
  "question_id": 2994,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Tropical rainforest is the standard biome with the highest nutrient leaching and cycling; the stem identifies a single biome without needing the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A102": {
  "question_id": 1116,
  "stratum": "drop_rewrite",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rewrite",
  "score": 9,
  "reason": "stem alone poses no answerable question",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A103": {
  "question_id": 4717,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem gives a description but asks for the closest match among a list that vanishes without the options, leaving multiple plausible historical analogues.",
  "failure": "ranks_options",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A104": {
  "question_id": 5765,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "Without options, the first step of the writing cycle is not uniquely determined; prewriting or planning are equally valid.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A105": {
  "question_id": 11559,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The stem provides only a bandwidth formula and two modulation-index values, with no definition of the signal's spectrum or filter response, so the fraction of power has no unique answer.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A106": {
  "question_id": 11238,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The stem only identifies a source and topic; Callahan's specific argument is not recoverable without options, and many equally correct claims could fill the blank.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A107": {
  "question_id": 10251,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 9,
  "reason": "The stem implies a comparison to a mercury barometer, and the water column must be taller due to water's lower density, making the answer unique and self-contained.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A108": {
  "question_id": 9343,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 5,
  "reason": "magnification gives image distance 20 cm, but real vs virtual image ambiguity changes power sign",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A109": {
  "question_id": 9372,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The physical calculation gives a unique intensity percentage of 25%.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A110": {
  "question_id": 2590,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem alone offers no basis for selecting chemotherapy; it asks for any therapy a somatic therapist might use, and the reference answer is not a correct example.",
  "failure": "option_relative",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A111": {
  "question_id": 3933,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Reference answer is uniquely determined by a standard boiling-point-elevation calculation from the given masses.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A112": {
  "question_id": 4155,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem gives \u039b and t+, yielding unique \u03bb+ = t+ \u039b = 0.03399 and \u03bb- = (1-t+) \u039b = 0.00721; no other correct answer exists without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A113": {
  "question_id": 644,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 5,
  "reason": "The stem gives all data, but the APR convention is unspecified; the standard 20-day calculation gives a different rate, so the reference answer is not uniquely determined.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A114": {
  "question_id": 3395,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem asks for a distinction, but multiple correct contrasts exist (mechanical vs chemical, ventilation vs cellular respiration); the reference answer is one valid formulation, not uniquely forced.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A115": {
  "question_id": 7484,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The question asks for the standard directional effects of a Japanese recession, which has one expected answer in textbook open-economy macroeconomics.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A116": {
  "question_id": 5184,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The expected return is uniquely computed from the given returns as (7%+5%)/2=6%.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A117": {
  "question_id": 3130,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Without options, the question asks whether complete equilibrium can occur in real populations; the only correct answer is that it is not expected.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A118": {
  "question_id": 5698,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem asks for a non-legume, so any non-legume would satisfy it without the options.",
  "failure": "negation",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A119": {
  "question_id": 9126,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem asks for a property that is lower, but several properties (frequency, photon energy) are equally correct without the options.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A120": {
  "question_id": 711,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 6,
  "reason": "Days count is clear, but interest basis (360 vs 365) is not specified, so the monetary answer is ambiguous without options.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A121": {
  "question_id": 626,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem describes generic functions that many business concepts could perform, not uniquely identifying marketing channels.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A122": {
  "question_id": 11058,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 5,
  "reason": "The stem asks for a historical timespan, but multiple similar starting dates (1639 vs 1641) are equally valid, so the exact answer is not uniquely determined without options.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A123": {
  "question_id": 7541,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 5,
  "reason": "The stem allows computing the block MR, but whether this counts as a price-takers' market is ambiguous and MR could be interpreted differently.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A124": {
  "question_id": 4748,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem explicitly asks 'which of the following conclusions', and the correct answer is one among many possible conclusions; without the options there is no unique target.",
  "failure": "option_relative",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A125": {
  "question_id": 12142,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem supplies all data and asks for a unique calculated Gibbs free energy, so the reference answer remains the single correct value without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A126": {
  "question_id": 322,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The commission caps at $65 for this amount, so the computation has a single answer without the options",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A127": {
  "question_id": 1185,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The contracts clause question is uniquely answered by the absence of an existing contract, matching the reference answer.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A128": {
  "question_id": 4824,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The quote invites many amendments as examples of adapting the Constitution to changing times; \"most directly\" only ranks whichever options are supplied, so no unique answer remains.",
  "failure": "ranks_options",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A129": {
  "question_id": 1170,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem raises the Elstad/Seibert issue but does not state whether the police deliberately withheld Miranda warnings, so the fruit-of-the-first conclusion is not uniquely determined.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A130": {
  "question_id": 5963,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 7,
  "reason": "The stem uniquely identifies FDR's third-term run, but the exact polling number is specific external knowledge, leaving some doubt without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A131": {
  "question_id": 3650,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The calculation is fully determined by the given data and formula, yielding a unique value of +3.60 kJ without needing the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A132": {
  "question_id": 6838,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Normal profit means zero economic profit, so total revenue equals explicit plus implicit costs, a unique definition without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A133": {
  "question_id": 8363,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The question supplies the needed data and arithmetic, so $45 is the unique correct answer without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A134": {
  "question_id": 11565,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem supplies all temperatures and the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, so without options the only computable increase in radiative heat flux is uniquely 612 Btu/hr-ft^2.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A135": {
  "question_id": 12168,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Newton's law of cooling for convective heat transfer has the single standard form q = hA\u0394T, which remains identifiable without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A136": {
  "question_id": 132,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The question asks which is not an element, so without options any non-primary activity is correct.",
  "failure": "negation",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A137": {
  "question_id": 3648,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The given slit separation, wavelength, and screen distance uniquely determine the first-maximum displacement as 12 mm, so the reference answer remains the single correct value without the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A138": {
  "question_id": 1644,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The legislation would restrict the President's pardon power, and the Constitution grants that power to the President alone, so the only correct answer is no.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A139": {
  "question_id": 5607,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 5,
  "reason": "The stem describes an inquiry-based activity, so both 'inquiry-based learning' and the more specific 'discipline-based inquiry' would fit; without the options, a different equally correct answer is as likely.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A140": {
  "question_id": 2722,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 8,
  "reason": "The stem asks for the outer ear's primary role, which standardly is to collect and direct sound; secondary roles exist but the main role is unambiguous.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A141": {
  "question_id": 7682,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem asks for a cause of decreased money supply, but many actions (selling securities, raising reserve requirements, raising discount rate) qualify, so the options supply the unique target.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A142": {
  "question_id": 8454,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The stem only establishes a valid range (395\u2013404), so 397 is one of many equally correct answers without the options.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A143": {
  "question_id": 11476,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 7,
  "reason": "It specifies the material, diameter, and reliability; a design engineer can compute the endurance limit from standard fatigue formulae without the answer list.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A144": {
  "question_id": 2767,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem is a negation question ('except'), so without the list no single correct answer exists.",
  "failure": "negation",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A145": {
  "question_id": 10192,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The thickness is uniquely determined by the formula using the given indices and wavelength; removing options leaves a computable single answer.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A146": {
  "question_id": 7991,
  "stratum": "drop_rewrite",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rewrite",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "stem alone poses no answerable question",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A147": {
  "question_id": 12008,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The recurrence and initial conditions uniquely determine the sequence; removing options leaves one correct answer.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A148": {
  "question_id": 9583,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem provides all data and asks for computed resolving powers, which have a unique correct numerical answer; options only list distractors.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A149": {
  "question_id": 4681,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "Stem asks which option is most accurate without specifying a target; with options gone, no unique answer is determinable and the reference Columbus fact is not inferable.",
  "failure": "ranks_options",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A150": {
  "question_id": 664,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem specifies semiannual payments but not a time period, so annual interest is an equally valid answer.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A151": {
  "question_id": 1941,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 5,
  "reason": "The facts support both negligence and nuisance, so the stem does not uniquely point to the reference answer.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A152": {
  "question_id": 9847,
  "stratum": "drop_rewrite",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rewrite",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "stem alone poses no answerable question",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A153": {
  "question_id": 8517,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "Any nonzero scalar multiple of the reference vector also spans the kernel, so the stem does not single out that exact vector.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A154": {
  "question_id": 10280,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem supplies all data and formulas yield unique values: crown 5.08\u00b0/0.091\u00b0, flint 6.20\u00b0/0.192\u00b0.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A155": {
  "question_id": 2146,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "Stem asks for the highest predictive validity among listed methods; without the list the comparison is undefined and other high-validity methods compete.",
  "failure": "ranks_options",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A156": {
  "question_id": 6220,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "Many peroxisomal disorders exist; Zellweger is one example, so the stem does not identify a unique target.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A157": {
  "question_id": 4739,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 7,
  "reason": "The stem identifies the Maya's writing and mathematics as the subject, but without options, several Mesoamerican civilizations could plausibly be given as their origin, though Olmec is the standard answer.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A158": {
  "question_id": 8743,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem's 'two iterations' and requested x3 conflict, so without options the intended iterate is ambiguous.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A159": {
  "question_id": 2793,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem asks for a distinction, but many valid distinctions exist; the provided textbook definition is one of several.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A160": {
  "question_id": 7544,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 5,
  "reason": "The stem gives enough data, but doesn't specify the Treasury-bill yield convention; discount yield gives 11.8%, while bond equivalent yield gives about 12.4% and effective annual yield about 13%.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A161": {
  "question_id": 6594,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 7,
  "reason": "The stem names a specific fact\u2014most common drug causing acute confusion\u2014and alcohol is a defensible single answer, though 'most commonly' leaves some epidemiological wiggle.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A162": {
  "question_id": 9012,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem uniquely determines n=7, so exactly 35 four-element subsets exist without needing options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A163": {
  "question_id": 1811,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The legal question has a single correct answer: reversal, because willfulness requires knowledge of the law.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A164": {
  "question_id": 7621,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 7,
  "reason": "The stem specifies the field and asks for its primary objective; a trained respondent will give the standard value-maximization answer, though profit maximization is a possible confusion.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A165": {
  "question_id": 10090,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 6,
  "reason": "The stem gives the diameter but not the wavelength or resolution criterion, so the answer assumes a standard visible wavelength and Rayleigh criterion, leaving some ambiguity.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A166": {
  "question_id": 1019,
  "stratum": "drop_rewrite",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rewrite",
  "score": 9,
  "reason": "stem alone poses no answerable question",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A167": {
  "question_id": 11137,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 8,
  "reason": "The stem describes the Yin-Yang School uniquely, so a knowledgeable person can supply the answer without the option list.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A168": {
  "question_id": 6352,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 5,
  "reason": "The stem asks for a spatial relation of the intercostal nerve to the rib, but without options many correct relations (inferior to the rib, in the costal groove) compete with the precise reference.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A169": {
  "question_id": 11675,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The surplus pressure is uniquely determined by bubble diameter and surface tension via the Young-Laplace formula.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A170": {
  "question_id": 9333,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The stem asks for Fermi temperature in eV, but the reference answer is in kelvin; without options, a knowledgeable person would answer with ~7 eV (the Fermi energy) or point out the unit error, not 81600.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A171": {
  "question_id": 2903,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 6,
  "reason": "The stem names Tetrapoda and asks for the first tetrapod, but without options the answer could be given at multiple taxonomic levels (e.g., labyrinthodonts, early amphibians, or a specific genus), so it is not uniquely determined.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A172": {
  "question_id": 3588,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 5,
  "reason": "'Average speed' is ambiguous between rms speed and mean speed, yielding different values without the options.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A173": {
  "question_id": 12205,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The question supplies all needed data and asks for a unique calculated lift coefficient and thrust; the correct answer is determinable without the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A174": {
  "question_id": 7866,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The differential inequality forces f identically zero, so f(2687)=0 and f(35)=0 uniquely.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A175": {
  "question_id": 3860,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Fehling's test for reducing sugars characteristically produces a red precipitate of copper(I) oxide, a single fact independent of the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A176": {
  "question_id": 11064,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Meno's Paradox is canonically the problem of how one can seek or recognize knowledge one does not already have; the reference answer states that single issue.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A177": {
  "question_id": 5043,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The stem gives no specific pharaoh or period, so population and farmer percentage are not uniquely determinable without the options.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A178": {
  "question_id": 600,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The wages, hours, and pay rules determine exactly one gross earnings figure, so the correct answer survives without the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A179": {
  "question_id": 1029,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The comparative negligence statute and fault percentages uniquely determine both recoveries.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A180": {
  "question_id": 11874,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The question supplies all data and asks for computed values, so the reference answer is uniquely determined without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A181": {
  "question_id": 10270,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 10,
  "reason": "The stem provides all necessary data and the physics uniquely determines the final speed.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A182": {
  "question_id": 2634,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 7,
  "reason": "The stem defines graduated exposure treatment, which points strongly to systematic desensitization, though a broad term like exposure therapy could compete.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A183": {
  "question_id": 9985,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The question supplies radius and refractive indices, and the refracting power of a mirror is uniquely determined as 2n/R, giving 10 D in air and 13.33 D in water.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A184": {
  "question_id": 4868,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 9,
  "reason": "The stem names a specific person and year, and the discovery is historically unique; a knowledgeable person would give the same fact.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A185": {
  "question_id": 9842,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem supplies Mars' mass and radius, so the gravitational acceleration is uniquely computable as about 3.7 m/s^2 without the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A186": {
  "question_id": 4888,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 8,
  "reason": "The passage directly supports the inference that restructuring is needed to avoid crisis, though other valid inferences like urgency introduce slight ambiguity.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A187": {
  "question_id": 10752,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Without options, the unique answer is n, the standard maximal degree for interpolation through n+1 points.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A188": {
  "question_id": 5458,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "A square-based pyramid has one base and four triangular faces, so five faces total; 'including the bottom' fixes 'sides' as faces.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A189": {
  "question_id": 9296,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The required temperature is uniquely determined by the resistance formula as 1/0.00375 \u2248 266.7\u00b0C, independent of the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A190": {
  "question_id": 88,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem supplies all data and asks for the uniquely determined shares, so the reference answer remains the only correct one without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A191": {
  "question_id": 7581,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "Stem asks for a characteristic from a set of many; zero economic profits is not uniquely determined.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A192": {
  "question_id": 2974,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem asks for protective mechanisms, and many correct answers (mucus, bicarbonate, cell renewal) exist beyond the reference.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A193": {
  "question_id": 4633,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem gives all data (dimensions and pH) to calculate a unique number of H+ ions; the options are unnecessary.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A194": {
  "question_id": 5135,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The question asks which is NOT a predictor, so it excludes rather than identifies and cannot stand without the options",
  "failure": "negation",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A195": {
  "question_id": 9268,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem gives enough data to uniquely solve for the initial negative charge as -1.00 \u03bcC; no options are needed.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A196": {
  "question_id": 1681,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 9,
  "reason": "The stem supplies the key fact that the guard knew the barber was present, and the law clearly requires that for bystander recovery.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A197": {
  "question_id": 4188,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem's own data uniquely yield [NH3]=6.7e-4 M for 50% conversion, not the option's 6.7e-3 M, so a knowledgeable solver would not produce the reference answer.",
  "failure": "true_only_among_these",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A198": {
  "question_id": 11341,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 9,
  "reason": "Stem supplies all needed data and asks for a well-defined computed quantity",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A199": {
  "question_id": 3252,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "The stem's timing question has a unique answer, but it also asks for a comparison of monotremes and marsupials that the options do not address, so the target is underspecified without the list.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A200": {
  "question_id": 1727,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem leaves a sentence fragment ('will probably') with no target condition, so the answer exists only as an option.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A201": {
  "question_id": 4013,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Without options, the stoichiometric calculation from the given masses uniquely gives two neutralizable protons per acid molecule.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A202": {
  "question_id": 622,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 8,
  "reason": "The stem itself defines both absolutism and relativism, though 'objectivism' is a near-synonym for the first blank.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A203": {
  "question_id": 3814,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 4,
  "reason": "Depends on whether methyl proton hyperfine couplings are counted; a literal product-rule reading gives 21, not 3.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A204": {
  "question_id": 10193,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The mirror equation with a virtual image (q=-40 cm) determines f=40 cm, R=80 cm, and m=2 uniquely from the given data.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A205": {
  "question_id": 12164,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem supplies force and velocity data from which E and B are uniquely determined.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A206": {
  "question_id": 2069,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 5,
  "reason": "The stem presents an ethical scenario but does not uniquely determine a single answer; many equally correct conditions could describe when the action is ethical, so the reference answer is not uniquely forced.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A207": {
  "question_id": 7117,
  "stratum": "drop_rewrite",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rewrite",
  "score": 9,
  "reason": "stem alone poses no answerable question",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A208": {
  "question_id": 5424,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Weber's theory explicitly identifies transport as the most important locational factor, so the question has a single correct answer without the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A209": {
  "question_id": 6021,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The practice of rapid burial before sundown is more typical of Islam, so the stem does not uniquely point to Hinduism.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A210": {
  "question_id": 11520,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The head and flow are given, but 'minimum speed' requires an unstated specific-speed limit; without that criterion the answer is not uniquely determined.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A211": {
  "question_id": 7806,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem poses no standalone question; it only asks which listed claim is true, so without the options there is no answer.",
  "failure": "true_only_among_these",
  "answer_flag": "fragment"
 },
 "A212": {
  "question_id": 6726,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 5,
  "reason": "Stem asks for a specific role but lacks jurisdiction/context, making alternative answers like 'the hospital' equally likely.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A213": {
  "question_id": 7073,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The price index is uniquely calculable from the given nominal and real GNP figures: 1500/1250\u00d7100 = 120.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "bare_number"
 },
 "A214": {
  "question_id": 2414,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The stem asks for an open-ended discussion of a broad phenomenon, so many valid explanations exist beyond the reference answer.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A215": {
  "question_id": 5076,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The stem asks an open-ended question about external strategies of elites, with no specific target or criteria, so many equally correct strategies exist beyond the reference answer.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A216": {
  "question_id": 7140,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 9,
  "reason": "The stem supplies all data needed to compute the current deficit from a standard aggregate demand model, yielding a unique value independent of the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A217": {
  "question_id": 11143,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The description uniquely identifies the fallacy of appealing to anonymous authority.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A218": {
  "question_id": 325,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "1.5% per month equals 18% annually under Truth-in-Lending's APR method, which is the single correct answer without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A219": {
  "question_id": 1859,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The facts alone support attempted robbery as the unique crime, as no other offense fits the conduct described.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A220": {
  "question_id": 2200,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Lewinsohn's behavioral model specifically identifies lack of reinforcement as the causal factor, so the answer is unique without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A221": {
  "question_id": 4790,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The stem asks for \"best supported conclusion\" but does not specify which conclusion; many conclusions are equally supported by the excerpt, so the options are needed.",
  "failure": "ranks_options",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A222": {
  "question_id": 6979,
  "stratum": "drop_rewrite",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rewrite",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "stem alone poses no answerable question",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A223": {
  "question_id": 434,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Utilitarianism has one standard definition, so without options the reference answer is still the single correct one.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A224": {
  "question_id": 2801,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The reference answer states the standard defining contrast between reactive and process schizophrenia, which is the single correct description once the options are removed.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A225": {
  "question_id": 4292,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The molality is uniquely calculable from the stem as 2.0 moles/kg without needing the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A226": {
  "question_id": 9945,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem names a fast spaceship passing Earth but does not uniquely fix the observer; any frame in relative motion would see the clocks run slow, so Earth is one of many valid answers.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A227": {
  "question_id": 3270,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem asks for an adaptation from an open category; many correct answers exist without the options.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A228": {
  "question_id": 11776,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem supplies all parameters and asks for a computed efficiency, which has a single value independent of the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A229": {
  "question_id": 7351,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The stem is an incomplete clause; without options there is no explicit question or target, though the economic effect can be inferred.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A230": {
  "question_id": 1624,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 8,
  "reason": "The stem presents a product liability case where lack of negligence is not a defense due to strict liability; the legal conclusion is clear.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A231": {
  "question_id": 1759,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "Justiciability has a single settled meaning\u2014enforceability of rights in court\u2014so the reference answer remains uniquely correct.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A232": {
  "question_id": 5896,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 8,
  "reason": "The stem identifies the need to handle a hazardous product, and the standard best practice is to read and follow label directions; slight competition from expert consultation but label is primary.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A233": {
  "question_id": 6832,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 8,
  "reason": "The single term 'Crowding out' names a well-defined concept; a knowledgeable person could supply its standard definition without options, though phrasing may vary.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A234": {
  "question_id": 1000,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The mistrial does not bar retrial, so the court should deny the motion; this remains the single correct legal conclusion without the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A235": {
  "question_id": 831,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 7,
  "reason": "The stem names the subject (chain of command) but its phrasing 'from what' leaves the direction ambiguous; still, the standard answer is clear.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A236": {
  "question_id": 3000,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "The stem asks for the mechanism; standard answer is competing with substrate for the active site, not the given consequence, so other equally correct answers remain.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A237": {
  "question_id": 3022,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem asks broadly for characteristics, so several equally valid traits (e.g., jointed appendages, segmentation) could be given besides the reference set.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A238": {
  "question_id": 2996,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 2,
  "reason": "stem asks for fate but doesn't narrow which aspect, so many fates are possible",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A239": {
  "question_id": 4540,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The neutralization calculation uniquely gives 0.1 L from the given normalities and volume.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A240": {
  "question_id": 7517,
  "stratum": "kept_rescore",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 9,
  "reason": "The stem asks for the standard explanation that technological progress offsets diminishing returns, which is a unique answer not dependent on the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A241": {
  "question_id": 10993,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem doesn't uniquely identify one term; war realism also expresses the same view.",
  "failure": "true_only_among_these",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A242": {
  "question_id": 6526,
  "stratum": "borderline",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 7,
  "reason": "The canonical answer is clear but accepted normal ranges vary slightly, leaving some ambiguity.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A243": {
  "question_id": 4486,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem fully determines the concentration as 0.35 M, but the reference answer is 35 M, so an open-ended respondent would not give the reference answer.",
  "failure": "true_only_among_these",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A244": {
  "question_id": 4119,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 1,
  "reason": "The stem gives equilibrium data but no volume or amount of reactants, so the mass of nitrosyl bromide cannot be uniquely determined without the options.",
  "failure": "underspecified_stem",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A245": {
  "question_id": 11122,
  "stratum": "drop_rescore",
  "convertible": false,
  "stage": "rescore",
  "score": 3,
  "reason": "The stem determines consistency, but asks for a consistent valuation and there are several, so the specific reference valuation is not uniquely forced.",
  "failure": "open_set",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A246": {
  "question_id": 3932,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The equilibrium constant is uniquely calculable as 0.1 M from the given data without needing the options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": "very_short"
 },
 "A247": {
  "question_id": 10839,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The definition of faulty analogy uniquely identifies the relation as insufficient relevant similarity.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 },
 "A248": {
  "question_id": 6443,
  "stratum": "kept_judge",
  "convertible": true,
  "stage": "judge",
  "score": null,
  "reason": "The stem strongly suggests Marfan syndrome, for which echocardiography is the standard next diagnostic step; no equally correct alternative remains without options.",
  "failure": "none",
  "answer_flag": ""
 }
}