conversion-audit / annotate_federico.json

Move the conversion audit out of the benchmark dataset

bd10d85 verified about 2 months ago

216 kB

	[
	{
	"id": "A007",
	"question": "Which of the following statements is false?",
	"options": [
	"The t-distributions have more area under the tails than the normal distribution.",
	"The t-distributions are lower at the mean and higher at the tails, and so are more spread out than the normal distribution.",
	"Like the normal distribution, the t-distributions are symmetric.",
	"The t-distributions are the same as the normal distribution when the sample size is large.",
	"The greater the df, the closer the t-distributions are to the normal distribution.",
	"The 68-95-99.7 Rule does not apply to t-models.",
	"The smaller the df, the better the 68-95-99.7 Rule works for t-models.",
	"The t-distributions are only applicable when the data is normally distributed."
	],
	"reference_answer": "The smaller the df, the better the 68-95-99.7 Rule works for t-models.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A036",
	"question": "An employee is receiving counseling from a psychologist through his company's employee assistance program. In this situation, the psychologist can let the employee's supervisor know that the employee is receiving treatment:",
	"options": [
	"only if the employee's treatment plan involves the workplace.",
	"if the supervisor is also receiving counseling from the same psychologist.",
	"if the treatment is related to a workplace incident.",
	"only if the employee's health insurance requires the supervisor's knowledge.",
	"as long as no other information about the treatment is given to the supervisor.",
	"only if the employee gives explicit permission.",
	"only if the supervisor has signed a waiver.",
	"only if the treatment is affecting the employee's job performance.",
	"under no circumstance.",
	"only if the employee was referred to the program by the supervisor."
	],
	"reference_answer": "only if the employee was referred to the program by the supervisor.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A168",
	"question": "In relation to the rib, the corresponding intercostal nerve lies",
	"options": [
	"medial to its inferior border.",
	"medial to its superior border.",
	"lateral to its inferior border.",
	"deep to its lateral border.",
	"superficial to its lateral border.",
	"deep to its superior border.",
	"lateral to its superior border.",
	"superficial to its superior border.",
	"superficial to its inferior border.",
	"deep to its inferior border."
	],
	"reference_answer": "deep to its inferior border.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A133",
	"question": "Maria spends $9 on lunch each day she is at work. To find how much money she spends on lunch during a 5-day work week she multiplies 5 \u00d7 9. How much money does Maria spend on lunch during a 5-day work week?",
	"options": [
	"$35",
	"$50 ",
	"$60",
	"$59 ",
	"$30",
	"$49",
	"$45 ",
	"$55",
	"$39",
	"$40 "
	],
	"reference_answer": "$45 ",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A163",
	"question": "Federal law prohibits \"willingly and knowingly\" taking cash in excess of $10,000 from the U.S. into a foreign country without first reporting the transaction in detail. An owner of a Detroit drug store takes his gross cash receipts each week into a city in Canada where he lives and does his banking. The office of the Deputy Atty. General learned that the owner was doing this, and indicted him on 10 counts of \"willingly and knowingly\" taking cash over $10,000 into a foreign country without reporting it. The owner's main defense is that he did not know of the law or that he was breaking it. The trial judge instructed the jury that mistake of law is no defense. He was convicted and appealed. Will the federal appellate court likely reverse the conviction?",
	"options": [
	"No, because the owner's habitual actions imply intent to avoid reporting the cash.",
	"No, the practice is so dangerous to the public interest that knowledge and specific intent are not required.",
	"Yes, because willfulness clause requires proof of both knowledge of the law and a specific intent to commit the crime.",
	"No, willfulness and knowledge are inferred by the habitual practice of transporting the cash.",
	"Yes, because the owner was not intentionally breaking the law, he was simply unaware of it.",
	"No, because ignorance of the law is not a valid defense.",
	"Yes, because the owner is not a resident of the U.S. and therefore not subject to its laws.",
	"No, because the owner is a business operator and therefore should be aware of such laws.",
	"Yes, because treaties with Canada make all such reporting laws unenforceable.",
	"Yes, because the owner was not given a fair chance to defend himself in court."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Yes, because willfulness clause requires proof of both knowledge of the law and a specific intent to commit the crime.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A059",
	"question": "Company X desires to acquire either Company A or Company B, but not both. The following data is available and covers last year's operation. Company A Company B Total Assets $1,000,000 $2,000,000 Sales 3,000,000 5,000,000 Gross profit 300,000 750,000 Net income 96,000 272,000 Which company should Company X acquire if the following conditions are present? (a) X has a strong administration but weak sales. (b) X has a strong sales force but a weak administration. (c) X is looking for short-term improvement in its profits.",
	"options": [
	"Company A, Company A, Company B",
	"Company A, Company B, Company A",
	"Company A, Company A, Company A",
	"Both Company A and Company B, alternating based on the condition",
	"Company B, Company B, Company B",
	"Company B, Company A, Company B",
	"Company A, Company B, Company B",
	"Company B, Company A, Company A",
	"Neither Company A nor Company B for all conditions",
	"Company B, Company B, Company A"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Company A, Company B, Company B",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A056",
	"question": "Which numbers are in order from least to greatest?",
	"options": [
	"0.75, 5 over 6, 1 over 8, 1 over 3",
	"1 over 8, 1 over 3, 0.75, 5 over 6",
	"1 over 8, 0.75, 1 over 3, 5 over 6",
	"5 over 6, 1 over 3, 0.75, 1 over 8",
	"0.75, 1 over 8, 1 over 3, 5 over 6",
	"5 over 6, 1 over 8, 1 over 3, 0.75",
	"1 over 8, 0.75, 5 over 6, 1 over 3",
	"1 over 3, 0.75, 1 over 8, 5 over 6",
	"1 over 3, 1 over 8, 0.75, 5 over 6",
	"5 over 6, 0.75, 1 over 3, 1 over 8"
	],
	"reference_answer": "1 over 8, 1 over 3, 0.75, 5 over 6",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A120",
	"question": "Joanna Moorman borrowed $2,000 from the credit union where she works, agreeing to pay 9% interest for the actual number of days during which the loan was outstanding. The date on which the money was borrowed was April 12, and the full amount, including interest, was paid on July 11. a. For how many days will Mrs. Moorman pay interest? b. What is the amount of interest to be paid? c. What is the total amount due the credit union?",
	"options": [
	"87 days, $43.50, $2043.50",
	"88 days, $48, $2048",
	"91 days, $50, $2050",
	"90 days, $45, $2045",
	"92 days, $46, $2046",
	"92 days, $49, $2049",
	"89 days, $44.50, $2044.50",
	"89 days, $40, $2040",
	"93 days, $42, $2042",
	"95 days, $47.50, $2047.50"
	],
	"reference_answer": "90 days, $45, $2045",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A023",
	"question": "A television sells for $180. It costs the retailer $136.50. Find the percent markup based on the selling price.",
	"options": [
	"27.5%",
	"21%",
	"22.5%",
	"30%",
	"24.17%",
	"20%",
	"26.5%",
	"25%",
	"18%",
	"32.5%"
	],
	"reference_answer": "24.17%",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A086",
	"question": "A store has 8 fish tanks that each have 40 liters of water. Whatis the total number of liters of waterin all of the fish tanks?",
	"options": [
	"400",
	"380",
	"280",
	"300",
	"360",
	"340",
	"5",
	"420",
	"320",
	"48"
	],
	"reference_answer": "320",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A014",
	"question": "The fact that early excavators of Teotihuac\u00e1n mistook ordinary housing compounds for palaces suggests:",
	"options": [
	"the society was a theocracy, ruled by high priests.",
	"commoners took over the residences of the elite.",
	"the city was a democracy, ruled by common farmers and artisans.",
	"the general standard of living was high.",
	"the elite lived in ordinary housing compounds to blend in with the commoners.",
	"the housing compounds were built with materials typically used for palaces.",
	"the city's economic system was based on wealth distribution.",
	"the city was abandoned and later occupied by a different civilization.",
	"the society was mostly egalitarian, with almost no social stratification.",
	"the excavators were inexperienced in identifying historical structures."
	],
	"reference_answer": "the general standard of living was high.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A066",
	"question": "Let $A$ and $B$ be independent events with $P(A)=$ 0.7 and $P(B)=0.2$. Compute $P(A \\cap B)$.",
	"options": [
	"0.28",
	"0.9",
	"0.7",
	"0.1",
	"0.56",
	"0.04",
	"0.14",
	"0.5",
	"0.2",
	"0.35"
	],
	"reference_answer": "0.14",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A198",
	"question": "A vertical wall 2.0 ft. (0.610 m) high has a surface temperatureof 500\u00b0F(523.3 K). It is in contact with air at 120\u00b0F(322.2 K). Determine the heat transfer/ft width of wall. Neglect heat transfer due to radiation. Work the problem in English and SI units.",
	"options": [
	"200 (Btu/hr), 80 W",
	"600 (Btu/hr), 180 W",
	"250 (Btu/hr), 73 W",
	"300 (Btu/hr), 88 W",
	"500 (Btu/hr), 150 W",
	"350 (Btu/hr), 100 W",
	"550 (Btu/hr), 161 W",
	"450 (Btu/hr), 132 W",
	"475 (Btu/hr), 139 W",
	"403 (Btu/hr), 119 W"
	],
	"reference_answer": "403 (Btu/hr), 119 W",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A122",
	"question": "Which of the following is the timespan for Japan's closure to Christianity and Europe?",
	"options": [
	"1853-1945",
	"1603-1868",
	"1587-1639",
	"1749-1945",
	"1052-1616",
	"1614-1859",
	"1641-1853",
	"1492-1641",
	"1517-1870",
	"1792-1941"
	],
	"reference_answer": "1641-1853",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A043",
	"question": "Based on the characteristic population curves that result from plotting population growth of a species, the most effective means of controlling the mosquito population is to",
	"options": [
	"opt for zero population control once the K value of the curve has been reached",
	"maintain the population at the highest point of its logistic curve",
	"reduce the carrying capacity cif the environment to lower the K value",
	"decrease the mortality rate",
	"increase the birth rate of the species",
	"drastically reduce the population below the K value",
	"maintain the population at a point corresponding to the midpoint of its logistic curve",
	"increase the carrying capacity of the environment to raise the K value",
	"opt for zero population control at the beginning of the logistic curve"
	],
	"reference_answer": "reduce the carrying capacity cif the environment to lower the K value",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A220",
	"question": "Lewinsohn\u2019s behavioral model proposes a causal link between ______________ and depression.",
	"options": [
	"high levels of self-esteem",
	"a lack of reinforcement from the environment",
	"lack of familial support",
	"constant exposure to positive reinforcement",
	"overly supportive environments",
	"a high need for perfectionism",
	"\u201caccidental\u201d external reinforcement for depressogenic behaviors",
	"constant exposure to stressful events",
	"chronic physical and psychological stress",
	"high levels of physical activity"
	],
	"reference_answer": "a lack of reinforcement from the environment",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A150",
	"question": "Mr. Burke purchased three 5(1/4)% bonds with par values of $1,000 each, and interest paid semiannually. How much interest will he receive?",
	"options": [
	"$131.25",
	"$52.50",
	"$31.88",
	"$78.75",
	"$125",
	"$83.33",
	"$105",
	"$157.50",
	"$210",
	"$26.25"
	],
	"reference_answer": "$78.75",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A212",
	"question": "Who has legal responsibility for a patient's care during hospital admission, stay, and discharge?",
	"options": [
	"The GP.",
	"The named consultant.",
	"The named nurse.",
	"The hospital pharmacist.",
	"The hospital's legal department.",
	"The ward manager.",
	"The head nurse of the hospital.",
	"The head of the hospital board.",
	"The patient's family doctor.",
	"The hospital CEO."
	],
	"reference_answer": "The named consultant.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A068",
	"question": "Find the smallest positive integer that leaves a remainder of 3 when divided by 5, a remainder of 4 when divided by 7, and a remainder of 2 when divided by 9.",
	"options": [
	"142",
	"173",
	"372",
	"263",
	"52",
	"289",
	"105",
	"324",
	"233",
	"210"
	],
	"reference_answer": "263",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A218",
	"question": "Under the Truth-In-Lending regulations, what must a retailer indicate on the sales contract as the annual interest rate if he charges 1(1 / 2)% interest per month on the unpaid balance of each customer's account?",
	"options": [
	"19%",
	"16%",
	"20%",
	"12%",
	"21%",
	"14%",
	"15%",
	"17%",
	"18%",
	"22%"
	],
	"reference_answer": "18%",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A156",
	"question": "Which of the following conditions is a peroxisomal disorder?",
	"options": [
	"Zellweger syndrome",
	"Maple syrup urine disease",
	"Hemophilia",
	"Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency",
	"Huntington's disease",
	"Tay-Sachs disease",
	"Acute intermittent porphyria",
	"Phenylketonuria",
	"Sickle cell disease",
	"Cystic Fibrosis"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Zellweger syndrome",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A082",
	"question": "Suppose that the Durbin Watson test is applied to a regression containing two explanatory variables plus a constant with 50 data points. The test statistic takes a value of 1.53. What is the appropriate conclusion?",
	"options": [
	"Residuals appear to be negatively autocorrelated",
	"There is a strong linear relationship between the variables",
	"The regression model is incorrectly specified",
	"The residuals are heteroscedastic",
	"Residuals appear not to be autocorrelated",
	"The residuals are homoscedastic",
	"There is no relationship between the variables",
	"Residuals appear to be positively autocorrelated",
	"Residuals appear to be perfectly autocorrelated",
	"The test result is inconclusive"
	],
	"reference_answer": "The test result is inconclusive",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A015",
	"question": "The true length of a block of wood is 1.010 cm. Three measurements of this block produced the following values: 1.4 cm, 1.2 cm, and 0.9 cm. Which of the following statements is true concerning these measurements?",
	"options": [
	"They are somewhat precise and somewhat accurate.",
	"They are exceptionally accurate but not precise.",
	"They are precise but not accurate.",
	"They are accurate and slightly precise.",
	"They are precise and accurate.",
	"They are neither precise nor accurate.",
	"They are slightly precise but very accurate.",
	"They are very precise but slightly accurate.",
	"They are accurate but not precise.",
	"They are exceptionally precise but not accurate."
	],
	"reference_answer": "They are neither precise nor accurate.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A144",
	"question": "The scoring criterion categories for the Exner Scoring System used to score the Rorschach Inkblot Test include all of the following except:",
	"options": [
	"Texture",
	"Location",
	"Popular",
	"Shape",
	"Orientation",
	"Color",
	"Content",
	"Complexity"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Color",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A208",
	"question": "According to Alfred Weber's least-cost theory, which one of the following costs of production is the most important factor in locating an industry?",
	"options": [
	"Rent",
	"Market demand",
	"Labor",
	"Transport",
	"Raw materials",
	"Energy",
	"Climate",
	"Government regulations",
	"Taxes",
	"Agglomeration costs"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Transport",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A165",
	"question": "Find the angular separation, in second of arc, of the closest double star which can be resolved by the Mount Wilson reflecting telescope, which has a mirror 100 inches in diameter.",
	"options": [
	"5.5 \u00d7 10^-2 seconds of arc",
	"1.22 \u00d7 10^-3 seconds of arc",
	"100 seconds of arc",
	"4.0 \u00d7 10^-1 seconds of arc",
	"3.14 \u00d7 10^-1 seconds of arc",
	"2.69 \u00d7 10^-7 seconds of arc",
	"2.50 \u00d7 10^-2 seconds of arc",
	"1.22 \u00d7 10^-2 seconds of arc",
	"0.5 seconds of arc",
	"7.85 \u00d7 10^-3 seconds of arc"
	],
	"reference_answer": "5.5 \u00d7 10^-2 seconds of arc",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A138",
	"question": "A man committed a series of heinous crimes, including a kidnapping, that took him across state lines and violated federal law. He was convicted and received a life sentence. The felon, however, was pardoned by the President of the United States, who was a childhood friend. A great hue and cry ensued, and the talking heads on television proclaimed that legislation was needed to prevent such injustice again. Would such legislation be constitutional?",
	"options": [
	"No, because the president's power to pardon can only be limited by a constitutional amendment.",
	"Yes, because the Supreme Court can overrule a presidential pardon.",
	"No, because the Constitution does not allow for any limitations on the presidential pardon power.",
	"Yes, under Article II",
	"Yes, under Article I.",
	"Yes, because the president's power to pardon is not unlimited according to the Supreme Court.",
	"Yes, under the Fifth Amendment.",
	"Yes, because Congress can put limits on the pardon power.",
	"No. While what the president did wasn't a good idea, the Constitution expressly grants the President an unqualified power to pardon.",
	"No, because the Constitution gives the president the absolute power to grant pardons for federal offenses."
	],
	"reference_answer": "No. While what the president did wasn't a good idea, the Constitution expressly grants the President an unqualified power to pardon.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A131",
	"question": "Assume all gases are perfect unless stated otherwise. Note that 1 atm = 1.013 25 bar. Unless otherwise stated, thermochemical data are for 298.15 K. Take nitrogen to be a van der Waals gas with $a=1.352 \\mathrm{dm}^6 \\mathrm{~atm} \\mathrm{\\textrm {mol } ^ { - 2 }}$ and $b=0.0387 \\mathrm{dm}^3 \\mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$, and calculate $\\Delta H_{\\mathrm{m}}$ when the pressure on the gas is decreased from $500 \\mathrm{~atm}$ to $1.00 \\mathrm{~atm}$ at $300 \\mathrm{~K}$. For a van der Waals gas, $\\mu=\\{(2 a / R T)-b\\} / C_{p, \\mathrm{~m}}$. Assume $C_{p, \\mathrm{~m}}=\\frac{7}{2} R$.",
	"options": [
	"-2.15$\\text{kJ}$",
	"+4.85$\\text{kJ}$",
	"+3.60$\\text{kJ}$ ",
	"+2.10$\\text{kJ}$",
	"+5.30$\\text{kJ}$",
	"+1.75$\\text{kJ}$",
	"-3.75$\\text{kJ}$",
	"-0.95$\\text{kJ}$",
	"+6.25$\\text{kJ}$",
	"-1.25$\\text{kJ}$"
	],
	"reference_answer": "+3.60$\\text{kJ}$ ",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A151",
	"question": "An auto mechanic was repairing a car in his auto. shop when a spark ignited gasoline and oil residue on the floor. The mechanic managed to douse the flames, but not before the fire created giant billows of smoke that floated over onto a neighbor's property and caused the neighbor's home to become discolored. If the neighbor asserts a claim against the mechanic, the neighbor would most likely be able to recover for",
	"options": [
	"conversion.",
	"vicarious liability.",
	"defamation.",
	"intentional infliction of emotional distress.",
	"nuisance.",
	"strict liability.",
	"negligence.",
	"assault and battery.",
	"trespass.",
	"invasion of privacy."
	],
	"reference_answer": "negligence.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A135",
	"question": "What is Newton's Law of cooling as applied to convective heattransfer?",
	"options": [
	"q = hA\\DeltaT",
	"q = h^2A\\DeltaT",
	"q = hA(T^2 - T_0^2)",
	"q = h\\DeltaT / A",
	"q = hA/T",
	"q = hA\\DeltaT / k",
	"q = h/A\\DeltaT",
	"q = \\DeltaT / hA",
	"q = hA\\DeltaT^2",
	"q = kA\\DeltaT"
	],
	"reference_answer": "q = hA\\DeltaT",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A028",
	"question": "Select the best English interpretation of the given arguments in predicate logic.\nWn \u2228 Wm\n(\u2200x)[Lx \u2283 (Dx \u2283 ~Wx)]\nLn \u2022 Dn\t/ ~(\u2200x)~Wx",
	"options": [
	"Either Nancy or Marvin are at work. All lawyers are not at work if they are out to dinner. Nancy is a lawyer and not out to dinner. So not everything is not at work.",
	"Either Nancy or Marvin are at work. All lawyers are at work if they are out to dinner. Nancy is a lawyer and out to dinner. So not everything is at work.",
	"Either Nancy or Marvin are at work. All lawyers are not at work if they are out to dinner. Nancy is not a lawyer and out to dinner. So not everything is not at work.",
	"Either Nancy or Marvin are at work. All lawyers are not at work if they are out to dinner. Nancy is a lawyer and out to dinner. So not everything is at work.",
	"Either Nancy or Marvin are at work. All lawyers are out to dinner if they are not at work. Nancy is a lawyer and out to dinner. So not everything is at work.",
	"Either Nancy or Marvin are not at work. All lawyers are out to dinner if they are at work. Nancy is a lawyer and out to dinner. So not everything is at work.",
	"Either Nancy or Marvin are at work. All lawyers are not at work if they are out to dinner. Nancy is a lawyer and out to dinner. So not everything is not at work.",
	"Either Nancy or Marvin are not at work. All lawyers are not at work if they are out to dinner. Nancy is a lawyer and out to dinner. So not everything is at work.",
	"Either Nancy or Marvin are at work. All lawyers are at work if they are not out to dinner. Nancy is a lawyer and out to dinner. So not everything is not at work.",
	"Either Nancy or Marvin are at work. All lawyers are out to dinner if they are not at work. Nancy is a lawyer and out to dinner. So not everything is not at work."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Either Nancy or Marvin are at work. All lawyers are not at work if they are out to dinner. Nancy is a lawyer and out to dinner. So not everything is not at work.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A049",
	"question": "A 27-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-year history of chronic diarrhea and intermittent, crampy, lower abdominal pain. The pain is usually relieved with defecation and does not occur at night or interfere with sleep. She says she is frustrated by her symptoms and has stopped traveling because of her frequent, urgent need to use the bathroom. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. Her temperature is 37\u00b0C (98.6\u00b0F), pulse is 70/min, respirations are 14/min, and blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. The lower abdomen is mildly tender to palpation; there is no rebound tenderness or guarding. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Results of laboratory studies are within the reference ranges. Test of the stool for occult blood is negative. Antigliadin antibodies are not present. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?",
	"options": [
	"Sertraline",
	"Nefazodone",
	"Phenelzine",
	"Trazodone",
	"Nortriptyline",
	"Paroxetine",
	"Fluoxetine",
	"Lorazepam",
	"Venlafaxine",
	"Zolpidem"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Nortriptyline",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A159",
	"question": "What is the distinction between an aptitude test and an achievement test ?",
	"options": [
	"Aptitude tests measure intelligence, and achievement tests assess practical skills.",
	"Aptitude tests evaluate what a person has learned, while achievement tests predict future performance",
	"Aptitude tests are only for college admissions, while achievement tests are for high school students",
	"Aptitude tests measure the effects of learning under uncontrolled or unknown conditions and serve to predict subsequent performance, while achievement tests evaluate what the individual has gained through training, usually after a uniform prior experience.",
	"Aptitude tests assess a person's potential in various fields, while achievement tests are standardized tests that compare an individual's performance to a norm.",
	"Aptitude tests are informal assessments without standardized scoring, while achievement tests have formal scoring systems.",
	"Aptitude tests are used for job recruitment, whereas achievement tests are used exclusively in educational settings.",
	"Aptitude and achievement tests serve the same purpose",
	"Achievement tests are timed to assess speed, while aptitude tests are not timed and focus solely on accuracy."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Aptitude tests measure the effects of learning under uncontrolled or unknown conditions and serve to predict subsequent performance, while achievement tests evaluate what the individual has gained through training, usually after a uniform prior experience.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A209",
	"question": "Very rapid disposal of the body, before sundown on the day of the death, is typical of which religion?",
	"options": [
	"Tao",
	"Jewish",
	"Hindu",
	"Baha'i",
	"Islam",
	"Zoroastrianism",
	"Sikhism",
	"Buddhism",
	"Christianity",
	"Shinto"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Hindu",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A240",
	"question": "Use the concept of capital deepening to explain why econo-mists think that technological progress has been the most important factor for growth for advanced countries.",
	"options": [
	"Capital-output ratio has risen",
	"Technological progress is the factor that has been most instrumental in offsetting diminishing returns.",
	"Capital-labor ratio has decreased",
	"New investments have reduced the stock of capital"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Technological progress is the factor that has been most instrumental in offsetting diminishing returns.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A147",
	"question": "Find recursively the sequence y [n] such that y [1] = 3, y [0] = 2, and y [n] - 3y [n - 1] + 2y [n - 2] = 0 ; n \\geq 2.",
	"options": [
	"y [n] = 5, 9, 15,...; n >= 2",
	"y [n] = 5, 9, 17,...; n >= 2",
	"y [n] = 2, 5, 9,...; n >= 2",
	"y [n] = 3, 5, 9,...; n >= 2"
	],
	"reference_answer": "y [n] = 5, 9, 17,...; n >= 2",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A111",
	"question": "What is the approximate boiling point at standard pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 234 g ofNaClin 500 g of H_2O?",
	"options": [
	"102.5\u00b0C",
	"100\u00b0C",
	"109.5\u00b0C",
	"106.78\u00b0C",
	"101.22\u00b0C",
	"112.45\u00b0C",
	"115\u00b0C",
	"108.32\u00b0C",
	"105\u00b0C",
	"110\u00b0C"
	],
	"reference_answer": "108.32\u00b0C",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A070",
	"question": "Suppose we have two charges, q_1 = + 4stateCand q_2 = \\rule{1em}{1pt}6 stateC, with an initial separation of r_1 = 3 cm. What is the change in potential energy if we increase the separation to 8 cm?",
	"options": [
	"+10 ergs",
	"+3 ergs",
	"+2 ergs",
	"+15 ergs",
	"-10 ergs",
	"-5 ergs",
	"-7 ergs",
	"+7 ergs",
	"+12 ergs",
	"+5 ergs"
	],
	"reference_answer": "+5 ergs",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A084",
	"question": "The premium rate on homeowners insurance for the ABC Insurance Company is $.96 per $100. In addition, ABC allows a discount of 20% of the premium if the homeowner accepts a policy containing a $250 deductible clause. Calculate the premium for a homeowners policy for $27,000 containing a $250 deductible clause.",
	"options": [
	"$51.84",
	"$220",
	"$184.80",
	"$259.20",
	"$145.20",
	"$207",
	"$246.40",
	"$102",
	"$123.84",
	"$165.60"
	],
	"reference_answer": "$207",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A110",
	"question": "Which of the following kinds of therapies would most likely be used by a somatic therapist?",
	"options": [
	"psychoanalysis",
	"chemotherapy",
	"counterconditioning",
	"hypnotherapy",
	"systematic desensitization",
	"exposure therapy",
	"dialectical behavior therapy",
	"rational emotive behavior therapies",
	"cognitive behavioral therapy",
	"art therapy"
	],
	"reference_answer": "chemotherapy",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A146",
	"question": "Consider the initial value problem (see Example 5)\n$$\ny^{\\prime \\prime}+5 y^{\\prime}+6 y=0, \\quad y(0)=2, \\quad y^{\\prime}(0)=\\beta\n$$\nwhere $\\beta>0$.\nDetermine the smallest value of $\\beta$ for which $y_m \\geq 4$.",
	"options": [
	"17.3891",
	"16.3923",
	"18.2765",
	"13.1789",
	"14.2507",
	"21.7432",
	"20.4521",
	"19.5678",
	"15.3298",
	"22.8915"
	],
	"reference_answer": "16.3923",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A222",
	"question": "If total product of labor is rising at an increasing rate,",
	"options": [
	"marginal product of labor is at its minimum.",
	"average product of labor is at its maximum.",
	"total cost of production is decreasing.",
	"average product of labor is falling.",
	"marginal product of labor is rising.",
	"marginal cost is rising.",
	"marginal product of labor is constant.",
	"marginal product of labor is falling.",
	"marginal product of labor is at its maximum.",
	"total product of labor is at its maximum."
	],
	"reference_answer": "marginal product of labor is rising.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A079",
	"question": "Johnstown Mills manufactures cotton fabrics. Overhead is allocated to each department according to the ratio of total overhead to the total prime cost. During February, total direct labor costs came to $216,000 and the cost of materials to $84,000. The total overhead for the month was $45,000. Find the overhead percent of prime cost to be charged to each department. Then find the amount of overhead to be charged to the Design Department with a prime cost of $18,500.",
	"options": [
	"20%, $3,700",
	"22%, $4,070",
	"18%, $3,330",
	"30%, $5,550",
	"10%, $1,850",
	"25%, $4,625",
	"28%, $5,180",
	"15%, $2,775",
	"35%, $6,475",
	"12%, $2,220"
	],
	"reference_answer": "15%, $2,775",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A054",
	"question": "The solid angle subtended by an area of 2400 cm^2 on the surface of a sphere of diameter 1.2 m is",
	"options": [
	"3 / 4.",
	"2 / 5.",
	"1 / 2.",
	"1 / 3.",
	"1 / 5.",
	"1 / 4.",
	"2 / 3.",
	"4 / 5.",
	"3 / 2.",
	"5 / 6."
	],
	"reference_answer": "2 / 3.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A113",
	"question": "An invoice of $10,000 is marked (6/10), (n/30). Find the annual percentage rate.",
	"options": [
	"24.49%",
	"36.73%",
	"60%",
	"82.01%",
	"18.25%",
	"76.56%",
	"6.38%",
	"94%",
	"43.80%",
	"12.24%"
	],
	"reference_answer": "76.56%",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A061",
	"question": "What properties of water make it an essential component of living matter?",
	"options": [
	"Water is useful just because of its cooling properties.",
	"Water is only important for hydration.",
	"Water's role is limited to acting as a chemical reactant in cellular processes.",
	"Water is important primarily because it contributes to the structural rigidity of cells.",
	"Water's only function is to provide a medium for aquatic organisms.",
	"Water is essential because it is the only liquid found naturally on Earth.",
	"Water is essential only because it is a good solvent.",
	"Water's significance is due to its high compressibility, which is vital for life.",
	"Water is the most abundant molecule in the cell, an excellent solvent for living systems, has high heat capacity, functions in heat regulation, serves as a lubricant, and aids in the transport of nutrients.",
	"Water is vital because it is the least reactive chemical compound, preventing unwanted reactions in living matter."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Water is the most abundant molecule in the cell, an excellent solvent for living systems, has high heat capacity, functions in heat regulation, serves as a lubricant, and aids in the transport of nutrients.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A057",
	"question": "An experienced equestrian rider sued a woman, claiming that her horse kicked and injured the rider. At trial, the rider testified that he was attending a horse show when, without provocation, he was kicked by a gray stallion with a black tail. The rider then called the woman as an adverse witness and asked her the following question: \"Isn't it true that you are the owner and trainer of a gray stallion with a black tail?\" After answering affirmatively, the woman was not asked any further questions on direct examination. Whereupon in cross- examination, the woman was then asked, \"Isn't it true that your horse is very gentle and would not kick anyone unless provoked?\"Upon objection by the rider's attorney, the rider's strongest argument would be that the woman's proffered testimony is",
	"options": [
	"inadmissible, because it is hearsay evidence.",
	"inadmissible as an improper form of impeachment.",
	"inadmissible as substantive evidence to show that the horse must have been provoked.",
	"inadmissible, because the woman's testimony contradicts the rider's account.",
	"inadmissible as beyond the scope of the woman's direct testimony.",
	"admissible as it provides evidence of the horse's general behavior.",
	"inadmissible, because the woman's testimony is biased.",
	"admissible as it is relevant to the case.",
	"admissible, because it can refute the rider's claim."
	],
	"reference_answer": "inadmissible as beyond the scope of the woman's direct testimony.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A196",
	"question": "A security guard had a license to carry a concealed handgun. One day, he was walking past a barber shop when he saw his friend inside getting a haircut. The security guard knew that the barber, an elderly man, had a history of significant heart problems. The security guard decided to play a joke on his friend. The security guard took out his gun, burst through the door of the barber shop, pointed the gun at the friend, and shouted, \"Don't move or I'll shoot!\" The barber, thinking that an armed intruder was about to shoot the friend, suffered a heart attack and collapsed. If the barber brings suit against the security guard for infliction of emotional distress and seeks recovery for damages arising from the heart attack, he should",
	"options": [
	"prevail, because the security guard knew the barber was present.",
	"not prevail, because the security guard did not physically harm the barber.",
	"not prevail, because the barber was not a member of the friend's immediate family.",
	"not prevail, because the barber had a pre-existing health condition.",
	"prevail, because the security guard's actions were intentionally frightening and harmful.",
	"prevail, because the security guard assaulted the friend.",
	"prevail, because the security guard's actions were negligent and reckless.",
	"prevail, because the security guard's actions caused the barber severe emotional distress.",
	"not prevail, because the resulting harm was unforeseeable.",
	"not prevail, because the security guard didn't directly target the barber."
	],
	"reference_answer": "prevail, because the security guard knew the barber was present.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A093",
	"question": "If E = 5 volts/meter is the amplitude of an incident plane wave which is reflected at normal incidence from a boundary surface and E_1 is the amplitude of the reflected wave, find: (a) Under what conditions is there a pure standing wave? (b) The standing wave ratio when E_1 = 1/10 volt/meter. (c) The value ofE_maxandE_minwhen E_1 = 3/5 volt/meter.",
	"options": [
	"(a) E_1 = - 3 volt/meter, (b) VSWR = 1.5, (c) E_max = 6.5 volts, E_min = 3.5 volts",
	"(a) E_1 = - 2 volt/meter, (b) VSWR = 1.25, (c) E_max = 6 volts, E_min = 4 volts",
	"(a) E_1 = - 5 volt/meter, (b) VSWR = 1.04, (c) E_max= 5.6 volts, E_min = 4.4 volts",
	"(a) E_1 = - 6 volt/meter, (b) VSWR = 0.8, (c) E_max= 5.5 volts, E_min = 4.5 volts",
	"(a) E_1 = 5 volt/meter, (b) VSWR = 1.1, (c) E_max = 8 volts, E_min = 2 volts",
	"(a) E_1 = - 4 volt/meter, (b) VSWR = 1.2, (c) E_max= 5.8 volts, E_min = 4.2 volts",
	"(a) E_1 = 5 volt/meter, (b) VSWR = 0.9, (c) E_max= 5.3 volts, E_min = 4.6 volts",
	"(a) E_1 = 0 volt/meter, (b) VSWR = 1, (c) E_max = 5 volts, E_min = 5 volts",
	"(a) E_1 = - 1 volt/meter, (b) VSWR = 2, (c) E_max = 7 volts, E_min = 3 volts",
	"(a) E_1 = 4 volt/meter, (b) VSWR = 0.75, (c) E_max = 4.5 volts, E_min = 5.5 volts"
	],
	"reference_answer": "(a) E_1 = - 5 volt/meter, (b) VSWR = 1.04, (c) E_max= 5.6 volts, E_min = 4.4 volts",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A080",
	"question": "As of 2020, which architecture is best for classifying high-resolution images?",
	"options": [
	"graph networks",
	"Autoencoders",
	"convolutional networks",
	"fully connected networks",
	"Long Short-Term Memory Networks",
	"Support Vector Machine",
	"Deep Belief Networks",
	"RBF networks",
	"Recurrent Neural Networks",
	"Radial Basis Function Networks"
	],
	"reference_answer": "convolutional networks",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A081",
	"question": "What is the total number of colors in RGB color space?",
	"options": [
	"16777216",
	"4096",
	"5000000",
	"32768",
	"1000000",
	"1024",
	"256",
	"65536",
	"1.07 billion"
	],
	"reference_answer": "16777216",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A191",
	"question": "Which of the following is a characteristic of monopolistic competition in the long run?",
	"options": [
	"Excess profits due to lack of competition.",
	"Firms produce identical products.",
	"High degree of interdependence among firms.",
	"Zero economic profits.",
	"Large number of buyers and one seller.",
	"Minimum average total cost equals price.",
	"Perfect knowledge of market conditions.",
	"Homogeneous products.",
	"Firms have total control over market price.",
	"Strong barriers to entry."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Zero economic profits.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A018",
	"question": "Statement 1\| A neural network's convergence depends on the learning rate. Statement 2\| Dropout multiplies randomly chosen activation values by zero.",
	"options": [
	"Not given, Not given",
	"True, False",
	"Not given, False",
	"False, Not given",
	"Not given, True",
	"True, True",
	"True, Not given",
	"False, True",
	"False, Not applicable",
	"False, False"
	],
	"reference_answer": "True, True",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A065",
	"question": "The potential energy of a compressed spring and the potential energy of a charged object both depend on",
	"options": [
	"the work done on them",
	"Both of these",
	"Neither of these",
	"the force applied to them",
	"the distance they travel",
	"the temperature of the environment they are in",
	"motion",
	"the material they are made of",
	"the time they are in use",
	"the speed they move at"
	],
	"reference_answer": "the work done on them",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A097",
	"question": "How can radioactive isotopes be used in biological research such as tracing the pathways of compounds synthesized in the living cell?",
	"options": [
	"Radioactive isotopes can be used to change the color of cells, making them easier to observe under a microscope.",
	"Radioactive isotopes serve as catalysts to accelerate biochemical reactions without being consumed.",
	"Radioactive isotopes are used to enhance the flavor of food during sensory biological research.",
	"Radioactive isotopes are used to kill harmful bacteria in biological research.",
	"Radioactive isotopes are used as a nutrient source for cells in culture.",
	"Radioactive isotopes can be used in biological research by labeling substances to study specific metabolic pathways, determining the rates of metabolic processes in organisms, and tracking the course of complex reactions.",
	"Radioactive isotopes are used to purify water by removing toxins in biological research settings.",
	"Radioactive isotopes can be used to generate energy for biological processes.",
	"Radioactive isotopes are used to create visible light for studying biological processes.",
	"Radioactive isotopes are used to increase the speed of genetic mutations for faster evolutionary studies."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Radioactive isotopes can be used in biological research by labeling substances to study specific metabolic pathways, determining the rates of metabolic processes in organisms, and tracking the course of complex reactions.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A088",
	"question": "Evaluate f(t) if F(s) = [(2s^2 + 13s + 17) / {(s + 1)(s + 3)}]",
	"options": [
	"2\\delta(t) + (3e^-t + e^-3t)u(t)",
	"2\\delta(t) + (3e^-t + 2e^-3t)u(t)",
	"3\\delta(t) + (3e^-t + 2e^-3t)u(t)",
	"2 + (3e^-t + 2e^-3t)u(t)",
	"2 + (5e^-t + 2e^-3t)",
	"2\\delta(t) + (3e^-t + 2e^-3t)",
	"(3e^-t + 2e^-3t)u(t)",
	"2\\delta(t) + (3e^-2t + 2e^-3t)u(t)",
	"2\\delta(t) + (4e^-t + 3e^-3t)u(t)",
	"2\\delta(t) + (5e^-t + 2e^-3t)u(t)"
	],
	"reference_answer": "2\\delta(t) + (3e^-t + 2e^-3t)u(t)",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A219",
	"question": "An elderly woman entered a convenience store and tried to cash her Social Security check. The owner told the woman that he was sorry but it was his policy not to cash Social Security checks. Terribly upset, the woman reached into her pocketbook and said, \"Listen, buddy, I've got a bomb in here, and if you don't give me the money, I'm going to blow up this joint. \" Actually, the woman did not have a bomb in her possession. The owner, who was not deceived by her threat, felt sorry for the woman and agreed to cash the check. The woman, who walked with the assistance of a cane, took the money and limped out of the store. After she left, the owner noticed that the woman had not endorsed the check. The woman has committed which, if any, of the following crimes?",
	"options": [
	"Blackmail.",
	"Fraud.",
	"Conspiracy to commit robbery.",
	"Robbery.",
	"False pretenses.",
	"No crime.",
	"Assault.",
	"Attempted robbery.",
	"Threatening behavior."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Attempted robbery.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A092",
	"question": "A principal source of the Earth\u2019s internal energy is",
	"options": [
	"electromagnetic radiation.",
	"thermal conduction.",
	"gravitational pressure.",
	"radioactivity.",
	"nuclear fusion.",
	"geothermal heat.",
	"tidal friction.",
	"solar radiation.",
	"wind energy.",
	"cosmic radiation."
	],
	"reference_answer": "radioactivity.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A140",
	"question": "The role of the outer ear is to",
	"options": [
	"transduce sound waves to stimulate the ossicles",
	"amplify sound waves before they reach the eardrum",
	"conduct sound by exciting the cilia in the inner ear",
	"control the balance and coordination of the body",
	"produce earwax to protect the ear canal",
	"collect and focus sounds from the air",
	"regulate the pressure between the outer and middle ear",
	"convert sound waves into electrical signals for the brain",
	"filter out unnecessary noise before it reaches the inner ear",
	"protect the eardrum while it transduces sound"
	],
	"reference_answer": "collect and focus sounds from the air",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A171",
	"question": "The four-legged land vertebrates (theamphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals) are placed together in thesuperclass Tetrapoda. Which animal was the firsttetrapodand what did it give rise to?",
	"options": [
	"The pterosaurs",
	"The anapsids",
	"The cotylosaurs",
	"The sauropods",
	"The ichthyosaurs",
	"The amphibians",
	"The therapsids",
	"The labyrinthodonts",
	"The synapsids",
	"The reptiles"
	],
	"reference_answer": "The labyrinthodonts",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A008",
	"question": "When did Aborigines occupy the harsh interior of Australia?",
	"options": [
	"40,000\u201345,000 years ago",
	"60,000\u201365,000 years ago",
	"70,000\u201375,000 years ago",
	"15,000\u201320,000 years ago",
	"10,000\u201312,000 years ago",
	"30,000\u201335,000 years ago",
	"50,000\u201355,000 years ago",
	"25,000\u201330,000 years ago",
	"35,000\u201340,000 years ago",
	"20,000\u201325,000 years ago"
	],
	"reference_answer": "20,000\u201325,000 years ago",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A048",
	"question": "Explain the four important evolutionary events that occurred inthe Paleozoic Era.",
	"options": [
	"Emergence of the first flowering plants, the appearance of first large mammals, the rise of marine reptiles, and the appearance of amphibians",
	"Emergence of the first birds, the appearance of the first fishes, the diversification of insects, and the rise of early amphibians",
	"Development of the first coral reefs, the appearance of the first bony fish, the rise of the first tetrapods, and the diversification of vascular plants",
	"Emergence of dinosaurs, the appearance of first mammals, the rise of first birds, and the appearance of first amphibians",
	"Appearance of the first vertebrates, the emergence of the first land plants, the rise of the first air-breathing animals, and the appearance of the first reptiles",
	"Emergence of first trees, the appearance of first flowers, the rise of first grasses, and the appearance of first fungi",
	"Emergence of the first complex multicellular life, the appearance of the first terrestrial arthropods, the rise of the first jawed fish, and the appearance of the first land ecosystems",
	"Appearance of the first amphibians, the emergence of the first insects, the colonization of land by plants, and the rise of the first seed-bearing plants",
	"Appearance of the first land mammals, the emergence of the first dinosaurs, the rise of the first marine algae, and the appearance of the first sharks",
	"Appearance of first humans, the emergence of first birds, the rise of first insects, and the appearance of first mammals"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Appearance of the first vertebrates, the emergence of the first land plants, the rise of the first air-breathing animals, and the appearance of the first reptiles",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A024",
	"question": "What is collusion?",
	"options": [
	"A business strategy to maximize profits",
	"A financial arrangement where investors pool their funds for a joint venture",
	"An economic policy that encourages competition among businesses",
	"A marketing technique",
	"A partnership where two companies legally share resources and profits",
	"An informal agreement between employees to improve workplace conditions",
	"A legal framework for merging two or more companies into a single corporate entity",
	"A legal agreement between companies",
	"The practice whereby several firms get together and secretly agree upon how their market should be divided or what prices should be charged.",
	"A government policy to regulate monopolies"
	],
	"reference_answer": "The practice whereby several firms get together and secretly agree upon how their market should be divided or what prices should be charged.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A180",
	"question": "Air of density \\rho = 0.07 lb/ft^3 and viscosity \\mu = 12.9 \u00d7 10^-6 lb/ft.sec is flowing through a pipe of 10 in. inside diameter. The mean velocity of the air is 50 ft/sec. Find the velocity at points 0.4 in and 3 in. from the wall. Also find the thickness of the laminar sub-layer if this extends up to u^+ = y^+ = 5. u^+ and y^+ are dimensionless quantities defined as (uy / u\\textasteriskcentered) and [(y\\rhou\\textasteriskcentered) / \\mu] respectively, where y is the distance from the surface.",
	"options": [
	"Velocity at 0.4 in. from the wall: 45 ft/sec, Velocity at 3 in. from the wall: 55 ft/sec, Thickness of the laminar sub-layer: 0.007 in.",
	"Velocity at 0.4 in. from the wall: 48 ft/sec, Velocity at 3 in. from the wall: 57 ft/sec, Thickness of the laminar sub-layer: 0.006 in.",
	"Velocity at 0.4 in. from the wall: 43 ft/sec, Velocity at 3 in. from the wall: 53 ft/sec, Thickness of the laminar sub-layer: 0.011 in.",
	"Velocity at 0.4 in. from the wall: 51 ft/sec, Velocity at 3 in. from the wall: 61 ft/sec, Thickness of the laminar sub-layer: 0.007 in.",
	"Velocity at 0.4 in. from the wall: 52 ft/sec, Velocity at 3 in. from the wall: 62 ft/sec, Thickness of the laminar sub-layer: 0.009 in.",
	"Velocity at 0.4 in. from the wall: 46 ft/sec, Velocity at 3 in. from the wall: 56 ft/sec, Thickness of the laminar sub-layer: 0.012 in.",
	"Velocity at 0.4 in. from the wall: 55 ft/sec, Velocity at 3 in. from the wall: 65 ft/sec, Thickness of the laminar sub-layer: 0.008 in.",
	"Velocity at 0.4 in. from the wall: 49.5 ft/sec, Velocity at 3 in. from the wall: 59.5 ft/sec, Thickness of the laminar sub-layer: 0.004 in.",
	"Velocity at 0.4 in. from the wall: 47.42 ft/sec, Velocity at 3 in. from the wall: 58.25 ft/sec, Thickness of the laminar sub-layer: 0.005 in.",
	"Velocity at 0.4 in. from the wall: 50 ft/sec, Velocity at 3 in. from the wall: 60 ft/sec, Thickness of the laminar sub-layer: 0.01 in."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Velocity at 0.4 in. from the wall: 47.42 ft/sec, Velocity at 3 in. from the wall: 58.25 ft/sec, Thickness of the laminar sub-layer: 0.005 in.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A016",
	"question": "A 2 in. radius pure copper sphere and a pure copper cube of side2 in. are heated to 1250\u00b0F and then exposed to air at 210\u00b0F.The surface film coefficient is 12 Btu/ hr.ft^2.\u00b0F. Determine the temperature of both the sphere and the cube aftera period of 10 minutes.",
	"options": [
	"Sphere: 750\u00b0F, Cube: 480\u00b0F",
	"Sphere: 760\u00b0F, Cube: 490\u00b0F",
	"Sphere: 720\u00b0F, Cube: 465\u00b0F",
	"Sphere: 710\u00b0F, Cube: 470\u00b0F",
	"Sphere: 740\u00b0F, Cube: 475\u00b0F",
	"Sphere: 690\u00b0F, Cube: 455\u00b0F",
	"Sphere: 700\u00b0F, Cube: 450\u00b0F",
	"Sphere: 725\u00b0F, Cube: 467\u00b0F",
	"Sphere: 800\u00b0F, Cube: 500\u00b0F",
	"Sphere: 730\u00b0F, Cube: 460\u00b0F"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Sphere: 725\u00b0F, Cube: 467\u00b0F",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A158",
	"question": "Perform 2 iterations with the M\u00fcller method for the following equation: log_{10}(x) - x + 3 = 0, x_0 = 1/4, x_1 = 1/2, x_2 = 1. What's the decimal value of x_3?",
	"options": [
	"2.8",
	"2.5",
	"1.8",
	"4.6",
	"3.2",
	"1.5",
	"2.2",
	"3.9",
	"4.1",
	"3.5"
	],
	"reference_answer": "3.2",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A244",
	"question": "A chemist mixes nitric oxide and bromine to form nitrosy1 bromide at 298\u00b0K, according to the equation 2NO_(g)+ Br_2(g) \\rightleftarrows 2NOBr_(g) . Assuming K = 100, what is the quantity of nitrosy1 bromide formed, if the reactants are at an initial pressure of 1atm? R = 0.0821 liter-atm./mole\u00b0K.",
	"options": [
	"89.32g",
	"95.21g",
	"120.67g",
	"130.89g",
	"123.58g",
	"115.34g",
	"101.53g",
	"83.47g",
	"112.45g",
	"108.76g"
	],
	"reference_answer": "101.53g",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A109",
	"question": "Unpolarized light is incident on a pair of ideal linear polarizers whose transmission axes make an angle of 45q with each other. The transmitted light intensity through both polarizers is what percentage of the incident intensity?",
	"options": [
	"100%",
	"75%",
	"40%",
	"25%",
	"20%",
	"60%",
	"0%",
	"80%",
	"90%",
	"50%"
	],
	"reference_answer": "25%",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A137",
	"question": "Two narrow slits separated by $0.10 \\mathrm{~mm}$ are illuminated by light of wavelength $600 \\mathrm{~nm}$. What is the angular position of the first maximum in the interference pattern? If a detector is located $2.00 \\mathrm{~m}$ beyond the slits, what is the distance between the central maximum and the first maximum?",
	"options": [
	"4 mm",
	"18 mm",
	"14 mm",
	"24 mm",
	"8 mm",
	"12 mm",
	"6 mm",
	"20 mm",
	"10 mm",
	"16 mm"
	],
	"reference_answer": "12 mm",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A087",
	"question": "A projector with a lens of 40 cm focal length illuminates an objectslide 4.0 cm long and throws an image upon a screen 20 m from the lens.What is the size of the projected image?",
	"options": [
	"240 cm",
	"200 cm",
	"220 cm",
	"160 cm",
	"180 cm",
	"175 cm",
	"150 cm",
	"250 cm",
	"196 cm",
	"210 cm"
	],
	"reference_answer": "196 cm",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A192",
	"question": "What prevents the stomach from being digested by itsown secretions?",
	"options": [
	"A thick layer of fat surrounds the stomach, providing protection from digestive acids.",
	"Special bacteria in the stomach neutralize all digestive enzymes.",
	"The stomach lining secretes an alkaline substance that counteracts the acid and prevents digestion.",
	"The lining of the stomach secretes only hydrochloric acid and gastric juice.",
	"The mucus layer, the permeability of the membranes and the continual replacement of the cells comprising the lining all help protect the underlying tissues from the action of proteolytic enzymes of the stomach and duodenum.",
	"The stomach is coated with a layer of strong antibiotics that kill digestive enzymes.",
	"The stomach lining is replaced every 10 to 15 days.",
	"The stomach has a high permeability to hydrogen ions.",
	"The stomach has a unique pH that prevents enzymes from being active.",
	"Digestive enzymes in the stomach are only activated by food, so they do not attack the stomach lining."
	],
	"reference_answer": "The mucus layer, the permeability of the membranes and the continual replacement of the cells comprising the lining all help protect the underlying tissues from the action of proteolytic enzymes of the stomach and duodenum.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A126",
	"question": "Mr. Samuels purchased 50 shares of stock when the round lot price was 146(1/8). The odd-lot differential on the sale is 1/4 of a point. Using the table of Brokerage Rates below, calculate the Commission on the sale. BROKERAGE RATES ON ODD LOTS Amount of Purchase Commission $100 - $799 2.0% plus $4.40 up to $65 $800 - $2,499 1.3% plus $10 up to $65 $2,500 and above .9% plus $20 up to $65",
	"options": [
	"$85.87",
	"$92.50",
	"$75.25",
	"$7,318.75",
	"$49.99",
	"$65",
	"$20",
	"$110",
	"$35",
	"$57.50"
	],
	"reference_answer": "$65",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A069",
	"question": "Two masses m_1 = 5 kg and m_2 = 10 kg have velocities u^\\ding{217}_1= 2m/sec in the +x direction and u^\\ding{217}_2= 4 m/sec in the +y direction. They collide and stick together. What is their final velocity after collision?",
	"options": [
	"2.750 m/sec",
	"4.000 m/sec",
	"3.500 m/sec",
	"3.250 m/sec",
	"2.000 m/sec",
	"1.800 m/sec",
	"2.250 m/sec",
	"2.900 m/sec",
	"1.500 m/sec",
	"3.000 m/sec"
	],
	"reference_answer": "2.750 m/sec",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A106",
	"question": "Callahan cites the Oregon Death with Dignity Legal Defense and the Education Center's finding that \"after four full years .. there have been no missteps, abuses or coercive tendencies\" regarding laws permitting euthanasia. In response he argues that",
	"options": [
	"the findings are suspect because the study was performed by advocates of euthanasia.",
	"other studies have found contrary results.",
	"the study is biased as it was conducted in Oregon, a state with legalized euthanasia.",
	"they can't know this to be true without an anonymous survey.",
	"even if the finding is true, it is irrelevant to the moral status of euthanasia.",
	"the results are irrelevant as they do not consider the psychological impact on the families involved.",
	"the findings are inaccurate as the study only covers a short period.",
	"the findings are misleading as they do not reflect the global perspective on euthanasia.",
	"the study lacks credibility as it was not peer-reviewed."
	],
	"reference_answer": "they can't know this to be true without an anonymous survey.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A060",
	"question": "Although mutations occur at a regular and predictable rate, which of the following statements is the LEAST likely reason the frequency of mutation appears to be low?",
	"options": [
	"Some mutations produce alleles that are recessive and may not be expressed.",
	"Some undesirable phenotypic traits may be prevented from reproducing.",
	"Some mutations cause such drastic phenotypic changes that they are removed from the gene pool.",
	"The predictable rate of mutation results in ongoing variability in a gene pool."
	],
	"reference_answer": "The predictable rate of mutation results in ongoing variability in a gene pool.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A083",
	"question": "Determine the number of positive real zero of the given function: $f(x)=x^5+4*x^4-3x^2+x-6$.",
	"options": [
	"[2, 1]",
	"[4, 1]",
	"[1, 0]",
	"[3, 2]",
	"[5, 0]",
	"[1, 1]",
	"[2, 0]",
	"[2, 2]",
	"[3, 1]",
	"[4, 0]"
	],
	"reference_answer": "[3, 1]",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A235",
	"question": "From what does a chain of command extend?",
	"options": [
	"Bottom to top",
	"Top to bottom",
	"Horizontally",
	"Randomly",
	"Inside to outside",
	"Diagonally",
	"Circularly",
	"Laterally",
	"Outside to inside",
	"Vertically from bottom to top"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Top to bottom",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A062",
	"question": "If f(x) = 3x, g(x) = 5x + 3, and h(x) = 1 \u2013 x^2, then f(g(h(x)))=",
	"options": [
	"\u201315x^2 + 24",
	"\u2013225x^2 + 90x \u2013 8",
	"15x^2 + 9",
	"15x^2 + 15",
	"\u201330x^2 + 24",
	"\u2013225x^2 + 90x \u2013 27",
	"\u201315x^2 + 18",
	"\u201315x^2 + 30",
	"15x^2 + 18",
	"\u201315x^2 + 90"
	],
	"reference_answer": "\u201315x^2 + 24",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A179",
	"question": "Wilshire Street is a public thoroughfare, designated as a one-way street for northbound traffic. Wilshire and Figueroa Streets intersect at right angles. The intersection is controlled by traffic lights. A businessman was driving his car east on Figueroa Street and did not see the traffic light. He entered the intersection at a time when the light was red for eastbound traffic and green for northbound traffic. A woman, in violation of statute, was proceeding south on Wilshire Street, and she entered the intersection without looking for any cross traffic and struck the businessman's car. The businessman suffered damages in the amount of $5,000. The woman, on the other hand, suffered damages in the amount of $1,000. The businessman brought suit against the woman to recover his damages. The woman denied liability and filed a counterclaim against the businessman for her damages. Both drivers were negligent with 30 percent of the negligence attributable to the woman and 70 percent of the negligence attributable to the businessman. A statute in the jurisdiction provides: \"A failure to exercise ordinary care, which contributes to personal injury or property damage, shall not bar recovery of damages by the injured party, but damages shall be diminished in proportion to the amount of negligence attributable to the person injured. There shall be no set-off of damages between the respective parties. \" Which of the following is the appropriate judgment in the case?",
	"options": [
	"The businessman recovers $1,000 from the woman, and the woman recovers $900 from the businessman.",
	"The businessman recovers $5,000 from the woman, and the woman recovers $1,000 from the businessman.",
	"The businessman recovers $3,500 from the woman, and the woman recovers $300 from the businessman.",
	"The businessman recovers $800 from the woman, and the woman recovers nothing from the businessman.",
	"The businessman recovers $5,000 from the woman, and the woman recovers nothing from the businessman.",
	"The businessman recovers nothing from the woman, and the woman recovers $1,000 from the businessman.",
	"The businessman recovers $1,500 from the woman, and the woman recovers $700 from the businessman.",
	"The businessman recovers $2,000 from the woman, and the woman recovers $500 from the businessman.",
	"The businessman recovers $3,000 from the woman, and the woman recovers $600 from the businessman."
	],
	"reference_answer": "The businessman recovers $1,500 from the woman, and the woman recovers $700 from the businessman.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A012",
	"question": "What is the pH of a 1.0 M solution of the strong electrolyte sodium acetate? The dissociation constant of acetic acid is K_a = 1.8 \u00d7 10^-5 mole/liter.",
	"options": [
	"11.2",
	"8.2",
	"7.4",
	"5.6",
	"10.0",
	"4.5",
	"6.3",
	"7.0",
	"3.8",
	"9.4"
	],
	"reference_answer": "9.4",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A161",
	"question": "Which of the following drugs is most commonly responsible for patients who present with acute confusion?",
	"options": [
	"Alcohol.",
	"Synthetic cannabinoids.",
	"Cocaine.",
	"Benzodiazepines.",
	"Prescription painkillers.",
	"LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide).",
	"Methamphetamine.",
	"Cannabis.",
	"Heroin (opiates).",
	"Ecstasy."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Alcohol.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A226",
	"question": "Clocks on a fast-moving spaceship whizzing past Earth appear to run slow when viewed from",
	"options": [
	"From a slow-moving spaceship.",
	"From the International Space Station.",
	"From any location in space.",
	"From another fast-moving spaceship.",
	"From a stationary spaceship.",
	"inside the spaceship.",
	"Both of these.",
	"Neither of these.",
	"From the moon.",
	"Earth."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Earth.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A143",
	"question": "Calculate the endurance limit for a 1.75 in. AISI-C1030 (as rolled) steel rod for 95% reliability.",
	"options": [
	"24.2 \u00d7 10^3 psi",
	"27.9 \u00d7 10^3 psi",
	"18.5 \u00d7 10^3 psi",
	"16.3 \u00d7 10^3 psi",
	"22.8 \u00d7 10^3 psi",
	"30.2 \u00d7 10^3 psi",
	"25.2 \u00d7 10^3 psi",
	"20.4 \u00d7 10^3 psi",
	"32.7 \u00d7 10^3 psi",
	"35.0 \u00d7 10^3 psi"
	],
	"reference_answer": "24.2 \u00d7 10^3 psi",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A055",
	"question": "The initial mass of a rocket is to be 100,000 lb, of which 5 percent is to be structure, the remainder fuel and payload. If thespecific impulse of the propellant combination used is 300lb_f/lb_m/sec, calculate the payload mass that would be ableto escape from earth for a single-state and for a two- stagerocket. Neglect aerodynamic drag, gravity forces, and thetermimvolvingp_e- p_a in the thrust equation. Assume escapevelocity of 36,800 fps.",
	"options": [
	"3200 lb_m",
	"495 lb",
	"6500 lb_m",
	"9900lb_m",
	"1470lb_m",
	"730 lb_m",
	"975lb_m",
	"1500 lb_m",
	"2500 lb_m",
	"5100 lb_m"
	],
	"reference_answer": "975lb_m",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A234",
	"question": "A state has recently enacted a statute making it a misdemeanor for any person to smoke a cigarette, cigar, or pipe in any restaurant, bar, cafe, or other establishment within the state. A defendant was tried in state court for violating the anti-smoking statute. The prosecution's evidence consisted of testimony regarding the defendant's cigarette smoking at a restaurant. During the prosecution's case-in-chief, they called a witness who testified to a prior conviction of the defendant that had been excluded by the judge in a pretrial hearing. The judge immediately granted a mistrial and excused the jury. The state prosecutor appealed the ruling under a statute that permitted prosecutorial appeals in such circumstances. The state won the appeal, but the prosecutor decided not to re-prosecute the defendant. However, the city attorney from the city in which the restaurant was located then sought to prosecute the defendant for the same incident under the city's anti-smoking ordinance, which was identical to the state statute. The city attorney planned to call as her only witness a man who testified at the defendant's first trial. The defendant moved to dismiss on the grounds that the prosecution of the city charge would violate his rights against double jeopardy. The court should",
	"options": [
	"deny the motion, because the judge granted a mistrial.",
	"grant the motion, because it is the same incident being prosecuted.",
	"grant the motion, because the city attorney is using the same witness.",
	"deny the motion, because the first trial resulted in a mistrial.",
	"grant the motion, because the law and the evidence will be identical at the second trial.",
	"deny the motion, because the city's anti-smoking ordinance is separate from the state statute.",
	"grant the motion, because jeopardy attached in the first prosecution.",
	"deny the motion, because the city has its own jurisdiction.",
	"grant the motion, because the defendant was not re-prosecuted by the state.",
	"deny the motion, because the city and the state are separate sovereigns."
	],
	"reference_answer": "deny the motion, because the judge granted a mistrial.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A200",
	"question": "A city resident commuted to work each day by subway. After purchasing her subway ticket, the resident entered the subway for her ride downtown to where she was employed. Looking for a seat, the resident was walking toward the rear of the subway car when it came to an abrupt halt. As a result of the sudden stop, the resident fell onto a commuter, injuring him. If the commuter asserts a claim against the subway company to recover for his personal injuries, the commuter will probably",
	"options": [
	"not prevail, if the subway company can prove that the stop was necessary to avoid a collision",
	"prevail, because the sudden stop caused the resident to fall onto him.",
	"not prevail, if the resident can prove she was pushed causing her to fall onto the commuter.",
	"prevail, because a special duty of care was owed him.",
	"not prevail, if the commuter had prior knowledge of the subway's abrupt stops",
	"not prevail, if the resident was negligent in not holding onto the hand rail.",
	"prevail, if the subway company was negligent in maintaining the subway car's balance",
	"prevail, if the subway company failed to warn passengers about the abrupt stop",
	"prevail, if the subway company failed to provide enough seats for all passengers",
	"not prevail, if the operator of the subway was not negligent in making the stop."
	],
	"reference_answer": "not prevail, if the operator of the subway was not negligent in making the stop.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A019",
	"question": "Normally, one would expect the brightness of an object to increaseas more light is reflected from it, however, the perceivedbrightness of an object also depends on the field thatsurrounds it. Discuss this phenomenon including a methodfor its demonstration.",
	"options": [
	"The perceived brightness of an object depends on the light source's distance from the object, with closer light sources making the object appear brighter.",
	"The perceived brightness of an object depends on the viewer's distance from the object, with objects appearing brighter when the viewer is closer.",
	"The perceived brightness of an object depends on its size",
	"The perceived brightness of an object depends on the angle at which light hits it, with direct angles increasing brightness.",
	"The perceived brightness of an object depends on the spectral composition of the light source, with certain wavelengths enhancing brightness more than others.",
	"The perceived brightness of an object only depends on the amount of light reflected from it",
	"The perceived brightness of an object is influenced by the color of the object itself, with lighter colors always appearing brighter than darker colors.",
	"The brightness of an object will always increase when more light is reflected from it",
	"The perceived brightness of an object can be demonstrated by the use of polarized lenses to reduce glare and enhance brightness.",
	"The perceived brightness of an object depends on the contrast between the object and its surrounding field. This can be demonstrated by placing samples of medium gray paper on different colored backgrounds."
	],
	"reference_answer": "The perceived brightness of an object depends on the contrast between the object and its surrounding field. This can be demonstrated by placing samples of medium gray paper on different colored backgrounds.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A128",
	"question": "This question refers to the following information.\n\"Some men look at constitutions with sanctimonious reverence, and deem them like the ark of the covenant, too sacred to be touched. They ascribe to the men of the preceding age a wisdom more than human, and suppose what they did to be beyond amendment\u2026.But I know also, that laws and institutions must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mind. As that becomes more developed, more enlightened, as new discoveries are made, new truths disclosed, and manners and opinions change with the change of circumstances, institutions must advance also, and keep pace with the times.\"\nThomas Jefferson, 1816\nWhich of following Amendments to the Constitution is most directly an example of the sentiments expressed above?",
	"options": [
	"The Twenty-first Amendment, which repealed the prohibition of alcohol",
	"The Fourteenth Amendment, which granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States",
	"The Nineteenth Amendment, which guaranteed all women the right to vote",
	"The Fifth Amendment, which protects against self-incrimination",
	"The Second Amendment, which guaranteed the right to bear arms",
	"The Twenty-sixth Amendment, which lowered the voting age to 18",
	"The First Amendment, which guaranteed the right to free speech",
	"The Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery",
	"The Seventeenth Amendment, which established the direct election of senators",
	"The Tenth Amendment, which allows powers not granted to the federal government be granted to the states"
	],
	"reference_answer": "The Twenty-first Amendment, which repealed the prohibition of alcohol",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A148",
	"question": "What is the resolving power of aFabry-perotinterferometer, in which the mirror separation is 15mm, for a reflecting power of 75%? For a reflecting power of 90%? (Assume \\lambda = 5000 \\AA.)",
	"options": [
	"530,350 and 1,459,923",
	"620,420 and 1,489,934",
	"560,450 and 1,350,987",
	"580,500 and 1,600,999",
	"500,000 and 1,000,000",
	"550,380 and 1,510,963",
	"450,300 and 1,250,846",
	"600,400 and 1,579,946",
	"540,400 and 1,400,946",
	"540,400 and 1,479,946"
	],
	"reference_answer": "540,400 and 1,479,946",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A030",
	"question": "How many trees are there on 5 unlabeled vertices?",
	"options": [
	"3",
	"6",
	"8",
	"10",
	"11",
	"12",
	"15",
	"9",
	"7",
	"5"
	],
	"reference_answer": "3",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A145",
	"question": "What minimum thickness of crystalline quartz is required for a quarter wave plate? The indices of refraction of quartz, for light of wavelength 589m\\mu, aren_E= 1.553 andn_O= 1.544.",
	"options": [
	"2.0 mm",
	"0.016 mm",
	"0.0016 mm",
	"0.1 mm",
	"0.4 mm",
	"0.8 mm",
	"0.025 mm",
	"3.2 mm",
	"0.16 mm",
	"1.6 mm"
	],
	"reference_answer": "0.016 mm",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A169",
	"question": "Air is introduced through a nozzle into a tank of water to form astream of bubbles. If the bubbles are intended to have a diameterof 2 mm, calculate by how much the pressure of theair at the nozzle must exceed that of the surrounding water. Assume that \\sigma = 72.7 \u00d7 10^-3 N m^-1.",
	"options": [
	"50 N m^-1",
	"143.4 N m^-1",
	"125.6 N m^-1",
	"180 N m^-1",
	"215.1 N m^-1",
	"72.7 N m^-1",
	"87.3 N m^-1",
	"100 N m^-1",
	"190.2 N m^-1",
	"160.8 N m^-1"
	],
	"reference_answer": "143.4 N m^-1",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A228",
	"question": "At a frequency of 4000 kilocycles a parallel-wire transmission line has the following parameters: R = 0.025 ohm/m, L = 2 \\muh/m, G = 0, C = 5.56 \\mu\\muf/m. The line is 100 meters long, terminated in a resistance of 300 ohms. Find the efficiency of transmission, defined as the ratio of the power delivered to the load to the power supplied to the input terminals.",
	"options": [
	"94.2%",
	"90%",
	"91.1%",
	"95%",
	"98%",
	"93.7%",
	"99.5%",
	"96.5%",
	"97.3%",
	"92%"
	],
	"reference_answer": "99.5%",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A242",
	"question": "A normal heart rate for an adult at rest is:",
	"options": [
	"60-110 bpm.",
	"70-90 bpm.",
	"50-80 bpm.",
	"60-80 bpm.",
	"60-90 bpm.",
	"80-100 bpm.",
	"40-60 bpm.",
	"70-110 bpm.",
	"50-70 bpm.",
	"60-100 bpm."
	],
	"reference_answer": "60-100 bpm.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A224",
	"question": "Describe the process-reactive dimension of schizophrenia.",
	"options": [
	"Both reactive and process schizophrenia have a gradual onset, but reactive schizophrenia has a better prognosis.",
	"In process schizophrenia, symptoms appear suddenly and are often linked to a specific traumatic event, while reactive schizophrenia shows no clear link to specific events.",
	"In reactive schizophrenia the onset of the symptoms is rapid and sudden, often after a pronounced shock or trauma. In process schizophrenia the onset of the disorder is slow and the symptoms gradually increase in severity with no precipitating trauma.",
	"Process schizophrenia manifests rapidly after a traumatic event, while reactive schizophrenia slowly develops.",
	"Reactive schizophrenia typically has a genetic basis, whereas process schizophrenia is predominantly due to environmental factors.",
	"Process schizophrenia is considered a mild form of the disorder with short-lived symptoms, while reactive schizophrenia is more severe with long-term consequences.",
	"Both reactive and process schizophrenia are triggered by traumatic events but differ in their prognosis.",
	"Process schizophrenia results in cognitive deficits that are not present in reactive schizophrenia, which is characterized more by emotional disturbances.",
	"Reactive schizophrenia is characterized by a stable, long-term decline in function, whereas process schizophrenia symptoms fluctuate in intensity over time."
	],
	"reference_answer": "In reactive schizophrenia the onset of the symptoms is rapid and sudden, often after a pronounced shock or trauma. In process schizophrenia the onset of the disorder is slow and the symptoms gradually increase in severity with no precipitating trauma.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A175",
	"question": "A laboratory analyst puts Fehling solution in a test tube and then adds the urine of a diabetic which contains some sugar. On heating, what red copper compound precipitates?",
	"options": [
	"Cu_2O",
	"Cu3(PO4)2",
	"CuO",
	"Cu2SO4",
	"CuOH",
	"Cu(NO3)2",
	"CuCl2",
	"CuBr2",
	"CuCO3",
	"CuSO4"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Cu_2O",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A022",
	"question": "Within a few weeks of treatment with the drug 3TC, a patient's HIV population consists entirely of 3TC-resistant viruses. How can this result best be explained?",
	"options": [
	"The patient was initially infected with a 3TC-resistant strain of the virus.",
	"The patient's immune system developed a resistance to 3TC, causing the drug to become ineffective.",
	"The 3TC drug triggered a mutation in the HIV virus, causing it to become resistant.",
	"The patient's body started producing 3TC-resistant viruses in response to the drug treatment.",
	"A few drug-resistant viruses were present at the start of treatment, and natural selection increased their frequency.",
	"The HIV virus can naturally resist any form of drug treatment.",
	"The patient must have become reinfected with 3TC-resistant viruses.",
	"HIV began making drug-resistant versions of reverse transcriptase in response to the drug.",
	"The 3TC drug led to an increase in the production of HIV viruses.",
	"HIV can change its surface proteins and resist vaccines."
	],
	"reference_answer": "A few drug-resistant viruses were present at the start of treatment, and natural selection increased their frequency.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A130",
	"question": "Before being reelected for a third term as president how many Americans approved of running a third time?",
	"options": [
	"10%",
	"30%",
	"40%",
	"60%",
	"90%",
	"50%",
	"80%",
	"20%",
	"70%",
	"100%"
	],
	"reference_answer": "60%",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A248",
	"question": "A 5-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents for evaluation of recurrent injuries. Her parents say that she started walking at the age of 14 months and since then has always seemed clumsier and had more injuries than other children. She has had increasingly frequent chest pain with exertion since starting a soccer program 3 months ago. She usually has pain or swelling of her knees or ankles after practice. She has been wearing glasses for 2 years. Her 16-year-old brother has required two operations for a severe rotator cuff injury he sustained while taking a shower, and she has a maternal cousin who died of a ruptured aortic aneurysm at the age of 26 years. Today, the patient walks with a limp. She is at the 99th percentile for height and 50th percentile for weight. A midsystolic click is heard at the apex. The left ankle is swollen and tender; range of motion is limited by pain. The joints of the upper and lower extremities are hypermobile, including 25 degrees of genu recurvatum, thumbs that may be extended to touch the forearms, and flexibility at the waist, with palms easily touching the floor with straight knees. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in diagnosis?",
	"options": [
	"Skeletal survey",
	"Echocardiography",
	"Bone scan",
	"MRI of the shoulder"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Echocardiography",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A026",
	"question": "In a business to business context, conflicts of interest can arise in two main ways: conflict of _______ and _______ interests, which might arise, for example, when a firm is hired as a supplier of professional services by another firm or conflict of _________ and ________ interests, such as where an individual's interests may conflict with that of their employer.",
	"options": [
	"Individual, Professional, Organizational, Personal",
	"Individual, Organizational, Personal, Professional",
	"Professional, Personal, Organizational, Individual",
	"Professional, Organizational, Personal, Organizational",
	"Organizational, Professional, Personal, Individual",
	"Individual, Organizational, Organizational, Professional",
	"Organizational, Personal, Individual, Professional",
	"Professional, Individual, Personal, Organizational",
	"Personal, Professional, Organizational, Individual",
	"Personal, Organizational, Professional, Individual"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Professional, Organizational, Personal, Organizational",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A204",
	"question": "Suppose an individual wants to view his face as reflected from an ordinary hand magnifying (concave) mirror. Let the mirror be 20 cm from the individual's face. He wishes to have an image 40 cm from the mirror. What should be the radius of curvature and the focal length of the mir-ror? What is the magnification of the image?",
	"options": [
	"Radius of curvature: 160 cm, Focal length: 80 cm, Magnification: 2.5",
	"Radius of curvature: 80 cm, Focal length: 20 cm, Magnification: 2",
	"Radius of curvature: 100 cm, Focal length: 50 cm, Magnification: 1.5",
	"Radius of curvature: 80 cm, Focal length: 40 cm, Magnification: 3",
	"Radius of curvature: 40 cm, Focal length: 20 cm, Magnification: -1",
	"Radius of curvature: 60 cm, Focal length: 40 cm, Magnification: 2",
	"Radius of curvature: 30 cm, Focal length: 15 cm, Magnification: 3",
	"Radius of curvature: 80 cm, Focal length: 40 cm, Magnification: 2",
	"Radius of curvature: 60 cm, Focal length: 30 cm, Magnification: -2",
	"Radius of curvature: 120 cm, Focal length: 60 cm, Magnification: 0.5"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Radius of curvature: 80 cm, Focal length: 40 cm, Magnification: 2",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A185",
	"question": "A robotic lander with an earth weight of 3430 N is sent to Mars, which has radius $R_M=3.40 \\times 10^6 m$ and mass $m_M=6.42 \\times$ $10^{23} kg$. Find the acceleration there due to gravity. (Unit: $m/s^2$)",
	"options": [
	"3.3",
	"2.4",
	"7.1",
	"6.0",
	"6.5",
	"4.1",
	"3.7",
	"5.2",
	"4.9",
	"5.9"
	],
	"reference_answer": "3.7",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A044",
	"question": "Keri spent 3 hours on her homework. She spent equal amounts of time on all subjects. If Keri spent 1 over 2 hour on science, how many subjects did she study?",
	"options": [
	"7 subjects",
	"3 subjects",
	"4 subjects",
	"2 subjects",
	"8 subjects",
	"10 subjects",
	"6 subjects",
	"12 subjects",
	"5 subjects",
	"9 subjects"
	],
	"reference_answer": "6 subjects",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A136",
	"question": "Which one is not an element in the primary activities of a value chain?",
	"options": [
	"Quality assurance",
	"Infrastructure",
	"Human resource management",
	"Operations",
	"Service",
	"Inbound logistics",
	"Sales and marketing",
	"Procurement",
	"Outbound logistics",
	"Technology development"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Procurement",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A186",
	"question": "This question refers to the following information.\nPerestroika [Restructuring] is an urgent necessity arising from the profound processes of development in our socialist society. This society is ripe for change. It has long been yearning for it. Any delay in beginning perestroika could have led to an exacerbated internal situation in the near future, which, to put it bluntly, would have been fraught with serious social, economic, and political crises.\nMikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World, 1987\nFrom the passage, one may infer that Gorbachev argued that",
	"options": [
	"a restructuring of the socialist society of the Soviet Union was not an urgent matter",
	"a restructuring of the socialist society of the Soviet Union was being forced by external factors",
	"a restructuring of the socialist society of the Soviet Union would exacerbate the current situation",
	"a restructuring of the socialist society of the Soviet Union would have no significant impact on the current situation",
	"a restructuring of socialist society was necessary in order to avoid the collapse of the Soviet Union",
	"a restructuring of the socialist society of the Soviet Union was primarily to appease the masses",
	"a restructuring of the socialist society of the Soviet Union would lead to a collapse of the political system",
	"a restructuring of the socialist society of the Soviet Union was necessary in order to avoid a crisis",
	"a restructuring of the socialist society of the Soviet Union was inevitable",
	"a restructuring of the socialist society of the Soviet Union would lead to a strengthened economic system"
	],
	"reference_answer": "a restructuring of the socialist society of the Soviet Union was necessary in order to avoid a crisis",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A085",
	"question": "The molecular diameter of an N_2 molecule, as deduced from the VanderWaals b parameter, is 3.15 \u00d7 10^-8 cm. The density of liquid nitrogen is 0.8081 g/cm^3. On a hard - sphere model, what fraction of the liquid volume appears to be empty space?",
	"options": [
	"65.00%",
	"50.00%",
	"75.80%",
	"34.50%",
	"42.10%",
	"71.30 %",
	"80.00%",
	"28.70%",
	"55.25%",
	"60.00%"
	],
	"reference_answer": "71.30 %",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A167",
	"question": "Naturalists who concentrated on natural elements and processes are associated with which of the following?",
	"options": [
	"Mengzi",
	"Zoroastrianism",
	"Zen Buddhism",
	"Shintoism",
	"Vedic Philosophy",
	"Humanistic Buddhism",
	"Confucianism",
	"Legalism",
	"Yin-Yang School",
	"Daoism"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Yin-Yang School",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A199",
	"question": "When did the first mammals appear? Compare the monotremesand marsupials.",
	"options": [
	"The first mammals originated during the Carboniferous Period of the Paleozoic Era.",
	"The first mammals emerged in the Silurian Period, which is part of the Paleozoic Era.",
	"The first mammals arose in the Cenozoic Era.",
	"The first mammals arose shortly after the end of the Cretaceous Period, in the early Paleogene of the Cenozoic Era.",
	"The first mammals emerged in the late Cretaceous Period of the Mesozoic Era.",
	"The first mammals arose in the earliest period (the Triassic) of the Mesozoic Era which dates to some 230 million years ago.",
	"The first mammals arose in the Paleozoic Era.",
	"The first mammals arose in the Jurassic Period.",
	"The first mammals appeared at the beginning of the Permian Period.",
	"The first mammals arose during the Devonian Period of the Paleozoic Era."
	],
	"reference_answer": "The first mammals arose in the earliest period (the Triassic) of the Mesozoic Era which dates to some 230 million years ago.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A039",
	"question": "Select the best translation into predicate logic: Either Taylor or Eric is a latte boy.",
	"options": [
	"Lt \u2228 Le",
	"Lx \u2228 Ly",
	"Lt \u2227 Le",
	"L(t \u2227 e)",
	"tL \u2283 eL",
	"tL \u2228 eL",
	"Lx \u2227 Ly",
	"L(t \u2228 e)",
	"E \u2228 T",
	"Tl \u2283 El"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Lt \u2228 Le",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A011",
	"question": "In the first second of its flight, a rocket ejects 1/60 of its mass with velocity of 6800 ft/sec. What is the acceleration of the rocket?",
	"options": [
	"110.3 f/s^2",
	"68.0 f/s^2",
	"77.8 f/s^2",
	"56.7 f/s^2",
	"62.9 f/s^2",
	"101.6 f/s^2",
	"90.1 f/s^2",
	"75.4 f/s^2",
	"95.5 f/s^2",
	"83.2 f/s^2"
	],
	"reference_answer": "83.2 f/s^2",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A077",
	"question": "A deficiency of which vitamin has been associated with enamel defects and increased risk of dental caries?",
	"options": [
	"Vitamin E",
	"Vitamin C",
	"Niacin",
	"Riboflavin",
	"Vitamin A",
	"Biotin",
	"Vitamin B12",
	"Vitamin K",
	"Folic acid",
	"Vitamin D"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Vitamin D",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A096",
	"question": "The sodium doublet has wavelength of 589.0 nm and 589.6 nm. If the diffraction grating is blazed so as to be used best in the second order, at least how many lines must the grating have in order to resolve the doublet?",
	"options": [
	"560 lines",
	"520 lines",
	"500 lines",
	"600 lines",
	"470 lines",
	"450 lines",
	"480 lines",
	"510 lines",
	"430 lines",
	"491 lines"
	],
	"reference_answer": "491 lines",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A001",
	"question": "The surface temperature of a long circular duct, 8 in OD, is 115\u00b0F and the ambient air temperature is 65\u00b0F. Determine the rate of heat loss from the surface of the duct if it is placed horizontally.",
	"options": [
	"110.75 Btu/hr-ft",
	"78.50 Btu/hr-ft",
	"88.47 Btu/hr-ft",
	"120.32 Btu/hr-ft",
	"70.15 Btu/hr-ft",
	"65.20 Btu/hr-ft",
	"93.64 Btu/hr-ft",
	"100.22 Btu/hr-ft",
	"102.90 Btu/hr-ft",
	"85.30 Btu/hr-ft"
	],
	"reference_answer": "93.64 Btu/hr-ft",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A063",
	"question": "A square coil of 50 cm^2 area consisting of 20 loops is rotated about a transverse axis at the rate of 2 turns per second in a uniform magnetic field of flux density 500 gauss. The coil has a resistance of 20 ohms, (a) What is the average electromotive force induced in the coil during one quarter cycle of a revolution? (b) What is the average current in a complete cycle? (c) How much charge is passed through the coil in this interval?",
	"options": [
	"0.03 volt, 0.002 amperes, 0.00025 coulomb",
	"0.05 volt, 0.0025 amperes, 0.00030 coulomb",
	"0.04 volt, 0.002 amperes, 0.00025 coulomb",
	"0.01 volt, 0.004 amperes, 0.00050 coulomb",
	"0.03 volt, 0.001 amperes, 0.00010 coulomb",
	"0.02 volt, 0.0015 amperes, 0.00015 coulomb",
	"0.04 volt, 0.002 amperes, 0.00020 coulomb",
	"0.06 volt, 0.003 amperes, 0.00035 coulomb",
	"0.04 volt, 0.003 amperes, 0.00025 coulomb",
	"0.05 volt, 0.001 amperes, 0.00020 coulomb"
	],
	"reference_answer": "0.04 volt, 0.002 amperes, 0.00025 coulomb",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A157",
	"question": "The Maya derived their writing and mathematics from the:",
	"options": [
	"Aztecs.",
	"Greeks.",
	"Sumerians.",
	"Chavin.",
	"Chinese.",
	"Olmec.",
	"Egyptians.",
	"Romans.",
	"Inca.",
	"Mesopotamians."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Olmec.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A155",
	"question": "Which of the following has the highest predictive validity in personnel selection in industry",
	"options": [
	"A projective technique",
	"A skills test",
	"A reference check",
	"A job sample test",
	"An objective personality inventory",
	"A self-assessment survey",
	"A group interview",
	"A biographical inventory",
	"An interview by the personnel manager"
	],
	"reference_answer": "A biographical inventory",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A223",
	"question": "Pick the correct description of the following term: Utilitarianism is\u2026",
	"options": [
	"A theory which states that an action is morally right if it promotes the greatest good for the decision maker",
	"A theory which states that an action is morally right if it results in a balanced distribution of good and bad outcomes",
	"A theory which states that an action is morally right if it promotes the greatest good for the fewest people",
	"A theory which states that an action is morally right if it promotes the least harm for the greatest number",
	"A theory which states that an action is morally wrong if it promotes the greatest good for the majority",
	"A theory which states that an action is morally incorrect if it promotes the greatest good for the greatest number",
	"A theory which states that an action is morally right if it promotes the greatest good for the greatest number",
	"A theory which states that an action is morally right if it promotes the greatest harm for the smallest number",
	"A theory which states that an action is morally right if it promotes the greatest good for the individual performing the action",
	"A theory which states that an action is morally right if it promotes the greatest good for the smallest number"
	],
	"reference_answer": "A theory which states that an action is morally right if it promotes the greatest good for the greatest number",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A003",
	"question": "When the class listened to a list of words, half the group was directed to listen for sounds while the other half was asked to gauge the emotional impact of the words. The group that gauged the emotional impact remembered many more words. This is evidence that better retention results with attention to",
	"options": [
	"auditory processing",
	"surface processing",
	"phonetic features",
	"shallow processing",
	"structural processing",
	"semantic features",
	"echoic features",
	"acoustic features",
	"visual processing",
	"deep processing"
	],
	"reference_answer": "semantic features",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A243",
	"question": "What will be the final concentration of a solution of 50 ml of .5M H_2SO_4 added to 75 ml of .25M H_2SO_4 (the final volume is 125 ml)?",
	"options": [
	"0.375 M H_2SO_4",
	"0.25 M H_2SO_4",
	"35 M H_2SO_4",
	"0.45 M H_2SO_4",
	"50 M H_2SO_4",
	"0.325 M H_2SO_4",
	"40 M H_2SO_4",
	"0.55 M H_2SO_4",
	"30 M H_2SO_4",
	"0.6 M H_2SO_4"
	],
	"reference_answer": "35 M H_2SO_4",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A117",
	"question": "Can complete equilibrium in a gene pool exist in real situations?",
	"options": [
	"Genetic equilibrium can be achieved only through selective breeding",
	"Gene pool equilibrium is maintained exclusively by mutation",
	"Gene pool equilibrium is disrupted only by natural selection",
	"Only large populations can achieve genetic equilibrium",
	"Complete equilibrium in a gene pool is not expected",
	"Complete equilibrium in a gene pool can always be achieved",
	"Equilibrium can be achieved when there is no gene flow",
	"Equilibrium is guaranteed when there is a high mutation rate",
	"Complete equilibrium is possible if the population is isolated",
	"Random reproduction is common in real situations"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Complete equilibrium in a gene pool is not expected",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A193",
	"question": "Calculate the number of H^+ ions in the inner compartment of a single rat liver mitochondrion, assuming it is a cylinder 1.8\\mu long and 1.0\\mu in diameter at pH 6.0.",
	"options": [
	"1000 H^+ ions",
	"900 H^+ ions",
	"843 H^+ ions",
	"950 H^+ ions",
	"615 H^+ ions",
	"760 H^+ ions",
	"880 H^+ ions",
	"700 H^+ ions",
	"675 H^+ ions",
	"820 H^+ ions"
	],
	"reference_answer": "843 H^+ ions",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A004",
	"question": "The electron transport chain, which is embedded in the mitochondrial membrane, exists primarily to generate new molecules of ATP for use by the cell. This is accomplished by a positive gradient of H+ ions that are formed outside the membrane which then pass back through a specialized channel known as ATP synthase. The energy created from this phosphorylates an ATP to an ATP, known as oxidative phosphorylation. The mechanism by which H+ returns to the inside of the mitochondria is known as what?",
	"options": [
	"Phagocytosis",
	"Exocytosis",
	"Osmosis",
	"Endocytosis",
	"Passive diffusion",
	"Facilitated diffusion",
	"Passive transport",
	"Pinocytosis",
	"Simple diffusion",
	"Active transport"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Passive transport",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A213",
	"question": "Suppose that in the base year, GNP = $1000 billion. Since the base year, money GNP has increased $500 billion while real GNP has increased $250 billion. What is the current price index?",
	"options": [
	"100",
	"140",
	"150",
	"130",
	"120",
	"180",
	"110",
	"200",
	"250",
	"160"
	],
	"reference_answer": "120",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A033",
	"question": "Which of the following is true regarding the complications of a large goitre?",
	"options": [
	"It causes tinnitus due to compression of the auditory canal",
	"It causes severe headaches due to increased pressure in the neck area",
	"It causes shortness of breath due to compression of the lungs",
	"It causes hoarseness due to compression of the trachea",
	"It causes a more florid thyrotoxicosis than a smaller goitre",
	"It can cause hyperthyroidism due to overproduction of thyroid hormones",
	"It causes stridor due to compression of the oesophagus",
	"It leads to a decreased production of thyroid hormones causing hypothyroidism",
	"It increases the risk of thyroid cancer",
	"Dysphagia is an indication for surgery"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Dysphagia is an indication for surgery",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A173",
	"question": "The wings of anaeroplanehave a total plan area of 320 ft^2 The plane weighs 18,000lbf, and the normal speed in level flightis 230 ft/sec when the atmospheric density is 0.076lbm/ft^3. (a) If thetailplanecontributes 5 percent of thetotal liftforce, whatmust be the lift coefficient of the wings at this operating condition ? (b) If, at the same flight condition, the drag coefficient of the wingsis 0.055, and the total drag is 1.75 times that caused bythe wings alone, what forward thrust is required? Ignore interferencebetween the wings and the fuselage.",
	"options": [
	"0.85, 1937lbf",
	"0.80, 1987lbf",
	"0.95, 1837lbf",
	"0.70, 2087lbf",
	"0.78, 2032lbf",
	"1.00, 1787lbf",
	"0.90, 1887lbf",
	"0.75, 2037lbf",
	"0.60, 2187lbf",
	"0.65, 2137lbf"
	],
	"reference_answer": "0.85, 1937lbf",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A041",
	"question": "A student is recording a song on her computer. When the recording is finished, she saves a copy on her computer. The student notices that the saved copy is of lower sound quality than the original recording. Which of the following could be a possible explanation for the difference in sound quality?",
	"options": [
	"The song was saved using a higher quality compression technique.",
	"The song was saved using more bits per second than the original song.",
	"The song was saved on a part of the computer's hard drive that has less storage capacity.",
	"The song was saved using fewer bits per second than the original song.",
	"The student's computer has a virus that reduces the quality of saved files.",
	"The song was saved using a lossless compression technique.",
	"The student's computer speakers are not functioning correctly.",
	"The original recording was disrupted by background noise.",
	"Some information is lost every time a file is saved from one location on a computer to another location."
	],
	"reference_answer": "The song was saved using fewer bits per second than the original song.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A206",
	"question": "Dr. Carl Carlson is a licensed psychologist and professor in the psychology department at a large university. He is approached by a graduate student, Marla M., age 36, who asks him if he\u2019d like to attend a baseball game on Friday night. Dr. Carlson is divorced and finds Marla to be a very attractive woman. In terms of ethical guidelines, if Dr. Carlson accepts Marla\u2019s invitation, he will be:",
	"options": [
	"acting ethically as long as he discloses the relationship to his colleagues in the psychology department.",
	"clearly violating ethical guidelines.",
	"acting unethically only if their relationship affects Marla's academic performance.",
	"acting ethically as long as Marla is a student in a department other than the psychology department and will not be taking any classes in the psychology department.",
	"acting ethically as long as he does not become sexually involved with Marla until she is no longer affiliated with the university.",
	"acting ethically since he is not the one who initiated a potential relationship.",
	"clearly violating ethical guidelines, unless he has received permission from the university.",
	"acting ethically as long as he does not date any other students in the university.",
	"acting unethically only if Marla is currently enrolled in one of his classes.",
	"acting ethically as long as he maintains a professional relationship with Marla."
	],
	"reference_answer": "acting ethically as long as Marla is a student in a department other than the psychology department and will not be taking any classes in the psychology department.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A237",
	"question": "What characteristics of arthropods have been of primary importance in their evolutionary success?",
	"options": [
	"Development of a chitinous exoskeleton, well-developed organ systems and complex organization of the nervous tissues.",
	"Adoption of aquatic respiration across all species",
	"Development of a large number of non-specialized appendages",
	"Simple organ systems",
	"Evolution of a single pair of wings for flight",
	"Development of a soft exoskeleton",
	"Limited nervous tissues",
	"Reduction in body segmentation for increased mobility",
	"Presence of a single, central eye for improved vision",
	"Development of a porous exoskeleton for better gas exchange"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Development of a chitinous exoskeleton, well-developed organ systems and complex organization of the nervous tissues.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A032",
	"question": "Which of the following is the yield of ATP from complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water?",
	"options": [
	"50",
	"32",
	"10",
	"15",
	"25",
	"20",
	"30",
	"40",
	"35",
	"45"
	],
	"reference_answer": "32",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A178",
	"question": "Pauline Key earns $3.50 per hour. She is paid time and a half for all hours worked over 40 per week and double the regular rate for Sunday worked. Last week she worked 48 hours during the regular week and 4(1/2) hours on Sunday. What were her gross earnings for the week?",
	"options": [
	"$199.75",
	"$220.75",
	"$176.00",
	"$182.50",
	"$235.00",
	"$213.50",
	"$244.50",
	"$229.00",
	"$207.25",
	"$195.00"
	],
	"reference_answer": "$213.50",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A114",
	"question": "Differentiate clearly between \"breathing\" and \"respiration\".",
	"options": [
	"Breathing is the chemical process that occurs within cells, while respiration is the physical movement of the diaphragm and rib muscles.",
	"Respiration only occurs in the presence of oxygen, while breathing can occur without oxygen.",
	"Breathing refers to the exchange of gases between cells and environment, while respiration is the mechanical process of taking air into the lungs and expelling it.",
	"Respiration refers to the oxidative degradation of nutrients in cells or the exchange of gases between cells and environment, while breathing is the mechanical process of taking air into the lungs and expelling it.",
	"Respiration and breathing are the same process.",
	"Respiration is the process by which organisms produce sound, while breathing is solely for gas exchange purposes.",
	"Breathing is the process of breaking down food into energy, while respiration is the act of air moving in and out of the lungs.",
	"Respiration is an energy consuming process, while breathing results in energy production in the cells.",
	"Breathing involves the conversion of glucose to energy within the mitochondria, while respiration is the act of inhaling and exhaling air.",
	"Respiration is a voluntary action controlled by the nervous system, while breathing is an involuntary process controlled by the brain stem."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Respiration refers to the oxidative degradation of nutrients in cells or the exchange of gases between cells and environment, while breathing is the mechanical process of taking air into the lungs and expelling it.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A217",
	"question": "When a claim is supported only by asserting that unidentified experts accept the claim the arguer has committed which of the following fallacies?",
	"options": [
	"snob appeal",
	"appeal to popularity",
	"post hoc ergo propter hoc",
	"appeal to anonymous authority",
	"straw man",
	"ad vericundiam",
	"false dichotomy",
	"slippery slope",
	"ad hominem",
	"appeal to tradition"
	],
	"reference_answer": "appeal to anonymous authority",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A100",
	"question": "Construct a complete truth table for the following argument. Then, using the truth table, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid. If the argument is invalid, choose an option which presents a counterexample. (There may be other counterexamples as well.)\nP \u2283 Q\nQ \u00b7 R / ~P \u00b7 R",
	"options": [
	"Valid",
	"Invalid. Counterexample when P is false, R is true and Q is false",
	"Invalid. Counterexample when P and R are true and Q is false",
	"Invalid. Counterexample when P is false, Q is true and R is false",
	"Invalid. Counterexample when P, Q, and R are all false",
	"Invalid. Counterexample when R and Q are true and P is false",
	"Invalid. Counterexample when P and Q are true and R is false",
	"Invalid. Counterexample when P, R, and Q are true",
	"Invalid. Counterexample when P is true, R is false and Q is true",
	"Valid. No possible counterexample"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Invalid. Counterexample when P, R, and Q are true",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A101",
	"question": "The soils of which of the following biomes has the highest rate of leaching and cycling of nutrients?",
	"options": [
	"Wetlands",
	"Tropical rain forest",
	"Alpine",
	"Desert",
	"Chaparral",
	"Temperate deciduous forest",
	"Savanna",
	"Tundra",
	"Grasslands",
	"Taiga"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Tropical rain forest",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A027",
	"question": "Mr. Howard owns a house worth $16,500 which is assessed at the rate of 22%. His tax rates are as follows: $.41 per $100 for a local college fund $.02 per $100 for special education $.001 per $100 for health and welfare $.089 per $100 for community construction How much tax does Mr. Howard pay for each of these needs? What was the total tax?",
	"options": [
	"$3.23",
	"$21.43",
	"$18.88",
	"$20.00",
	"$17.65",
	"$22.50",
	"$19.76",
	"$16.34",
	"$15.47",
	"$14.88"
	],
	"reference_answer": "$18.88",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A037",
	"question": "A 22-year-old woman comes to the physician in October for a follow-up examination. She feels well. She has a 2-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus controlled with insulin. She had a normal Pap smear 3 months ago and saw her ophthalmologist 6 months ago. Her 67-year-old grandmother has breast cancer. She is 168 cm (5 ft 6 in) tall and weighs 57 kg (125 lb); BMI is 20 kg/m2 . Her hemoglobin A1c is 6.2%, and fingerstick blood glucose concentration is 118 mg/dL. Which of the following health maintenance recommendations is most appropriate at this time?",
	"options": [
	"Mammography",
	"Dietary modification for weight loss",
	"Screening for cervical cancer",
	"Screening for colon cancer",
	"Influenza virus vaccine",
	"Routine eye examination",
	"Colonoscopy",
	"Human papillomavirus testing",
	"Hepatitis B virus vaccine"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Influenza virus vaccine",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A025",
	"question": "How does information processing theory explain rapid reading for meaning?",
	"options": [
	"Rapid reading for meaning is achieved by focusing solely on the first and last letters of each word.",
	"Rapid reading for meaning is the result of a specialized brain function that deciphers words instantly as if by intuition.",
	"Rapid reading for meaning is achieved through reading each word individually.",
	"Rapid reading for meaning is based on the reader's prior knowledge of a text, allowing them to anticipate content without reading.",
	"Rapid reading for meaning is explained by the redundancy of the English language and the ability of readers to fill in missing letters and phrases from past experiences, allowing them to correctly infer meaning without having to process each word individually.",
	"Rapid reading for meaning is only possible for highly skilled readers.",
	"Rapid reading for meaning is explained by the reader's ability to skip over non-essential words while maintaining comprehension.",
	"Rapid reading for meaning occurs when readers rely on visual imagery to construct meaning without reading the text.",
	"Rapid reading for meaning is facilitated by subvocalization, where readers speak the words in their mind to understand the text faster.",
	"Rapid reading for meaning is explained by the reader's ability to pronounce each word silently."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Rapid reading for meaning is explained by the redundancy of the English language and the ability of readers to fill in missing letters and phrases from past experiences, allowing them to correctly infer meaning without having to process each word individually.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A089",
	"question": "A contractor agreed with a city government to build it a bridge. The contractor was guilty of undue delay in getting the bridge construction finished. The contract had a liquidated damages clause that provided for a deduction from the contract price for each day of delay in completing the bridge. The formula for the deductions from the contract price was based on how much traffic flow was turned away. The city tried to deduct the damages from the contract price. The contractor, however, pointed out that the city had not yet connected a road to the bridge so that there was no traffic flow and hence no damage to the city. Will the court uphold the liquidated damages clause in favor of the city?",
	"options": [
	"No, because the city has not suffered any loss due to the delay as there was no traffic flow.",
	"Yes, because the contractor failed to deliver on the agreed timeline, regardless of whether the city had connected a road or not.",
	"Yes, because the contract provision for liquidated damages has been breached and the city had no obligation to connect a road.",
	"No, because the city breached the contract by not connecting a road to the bridge.",
	"Yes, because the bridge delays caused the city to delay finishing the road, thereby creating the need to enforce the provision for liquidated damages.",
	"No, because the liquidated damages clause is only enforceable if there are actual damages, which there are not in this case.",
	"Yes, because the liquidated damages clause serves to penalize the contractor for the delay, regardless of the city's actions.",
	"No, because the city's failure to perform has frustrated the purpose of the liquidated damages clause, making liquidated damages in this case unnecessary due to no damages suffered.",
	"Yes, because the liquidated damages clause is enforceable irrespective of the actual damages suffered."
	],
	"reference_answer": "No, because the city's failure to perform has frustrated the purpose of the liquidated damages clause, making liquidated damages in this case unnecessary due to no damages suffered.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A188",
	"question": "Including the bottom how many sides are on a square-based pyramid?",
	"options": [
	"two",
	"seven",
	"six",
	"twelve",
	"four",
	"nine",
	"five",
	"three",
	"eight",
	"ten"
	],
	"reference_answer": "five",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A038",
	"question": "During muscular contraction, interactions between myosin and actin allow for shortening of each sarcomere. In addition to the power stroke, what other process of muscle contraction requires ATP?",
	"options": [
	"Myosin-actin detachment",
	"Troponin-myosin interaction",
	"Myosin-actin interaction",
	"Calcium-myosin interaction",
	"Actin filament sliding",
	"Calcium-troponin interaction",
	"Tropomyosin-troponin interaction",
	"Sarcomere lengthening",
	"Myosin-tropomyosin interaction",
	"Calcium-ATPase interaction"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Myosin-actin detachment",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A225",
	"question": "What is themolalityof a solution in which 49 g of H_2SO_4, (MW 98) is dissolved in 250 grams of water?",
	"options": [
	"2.0 moles/kg",
	"1.5 moles/kg",
	"2.5 moles/kg",
	"0.8 moles/kg",
	"1.0 moles/kg",
	"3.0 moles/kg",
	"4.0 moles/kg",
	"0.2 moles/kg",
	"0.5 moles/kg",
	"5.0 moles/kg"
	],
	"reference_answer": "2.0 moles/kg",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A238",
	"question": "In an experiment, the first cleavage plane of an amphibian zygote was manipulated so that the gray crescent was contained in only one of the two blastomeres that result from the first cleavage. The two blastomeres were then separated. What is the expected fate of the blastomeres?",
	"options": [
	"Both blastomeres will form incomplete embryos.",
	"The blastomere without the gray crescent will form a complete, but small, embryo.",
	"The blastomere with the gray crescent will grow in size more quickly than the one without the gray crescent.",
	"The blastomere without the gray crescent will stop dividing and die before the second cleavage.",
	"The blastomere with the gray crescent will form an abnormal embryo.",
	"The blastomere with the gray crescent will form a complete, but small, embryo.",
	"The blastomere without the gray crescent will form a complete, but abnormal, embryo.",
	"The blastomere without the gray crescent will grow in size more quickly than the one with the gray crescent.",
	"Both blastomeres will grow at the same rate.",
	"The blastomere with the gray crescent will stop dividing and die before the second cleavage."
	],
	"reference_answer": "The blastomere with the gray crescent will form a complete, but small, embryo.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A053",
	"question": "\" _Ad lazarum_ \" is a specific kind of",
	"options": [
	"Fallacy of composition",
	"Complex cause",
	"Red herring",
	"False sign",
	"Hasty generalization",
	"Anecdotal evidence",
	"False criteria",
	"Slippery slope argument",
	"Straw man argument",
	"Informal fallacy"
	],
	"reference_answer": "False sign",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A052",
	"question": "Which of these combinations of clinical features is most suggestive of mixed mitral valve disease with a predominance of mitral regurgitation?",
	"options": [
	"Tapping apex beat; loud first heart sound; pan-systolic murmur; long mid-diastolic murmur",
	"Tapping apex beat; loud first heart sound; ejection systolic murmur; short mid-diastolic murmur",
	"Irregularly, irregular pulse; displaced apex beat; ejection systolic murmur; short mid-diastolic murmur",
	"Regular pulse; displaced apex beat; ejection systolic murmur; short mid-diastolic murmur",
	"Displaced apex beat; normal first heart sound; pan-systolic murmur; long mid-diastolic murmur",
	"Tapping apex beat; normal first heart sound; pan-systolic murmur; long mid-diastolic murmur",
	"Displaced apex beat; soft first heart sound; pan-systolic murmur; no mid-diastolic murmur",
	"Irregular pulse; normal first heart sound; pan-systolic murmur; long mid-diastolic murmur",
	"Regular pulse; normal first heart sound; ejection systolic murmur; long mid-diastolic murmur",
	"Displaced apex beat; soft first heart sound; pan-systolic murmur; short mid-diastolic murmur"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Displaced apex beat; soft first heart sound; pan-systolic murmur; short mid-diastolic murmur",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A139",
	"question": "In preparation for a writing unit on short stories, a teacher presents students with several examples of short stories and works with them to identify defining characteristics of the genre. Which of the following best describes this instructional strategy?",
	"options": [
	"Conferencing",
	"Inquiry-Based Learning",
	"Differentiated Instruction",
	"Direct Instruction",
	"Problem-Based Learning",
	"Self-Regulated Strategy Development",
	"Cooperative Learning",
	"Discipline-based inquiry",
	"Scaffolding",
	"Introduction-Body-Conclusion strategy"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Discipline-based inquiry",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A002",
	"question": "Find the sum of $\\sum_{n=1}^{\\infty} \\frac{2}{n^2 + 4n + 3}$",
	"options": [
	"1.6333",
	"0.9333",
	"2.0333",
	"0.7333",
	"0.8333",
	"1.4333",
	"2.1433",
	"0.4333",
	"0.5633",
	"1.2333"
	],
	"reference_answer": "0.8333",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A190",
	"question": "Boy Alcott and Jon Buxton are partners in a steel company. They share the net income in proportion to their average investments. On January 1, Alcott invested $4,000 and Buxton invested $5,000. On May 1, Alcott invested an additional $2,000 and Buxton invested $1,750. On September 1, Alcott withdrew $500. On November 1, each partner invested an additional $2,000. The net profit for the year was $8,736. Find each partner's share of the profit.",
	"options": [
	"Alcott's share: $3,936, Buxton's share: $4,800",
	"Alcott's share: $4,004, Buxton's share: $4,732",
	"Alcott's share: $4,200, Buxton's share: $4,536",
	"Alcott's share: $4,800, Buxton's share: $3,936",
	"Alcott's share: $5,000, Buxton's share: $3,736",
	"Alcott's share: $3,868, Buxton's share: $4,868",
	"Alcott's share: $4,368, Buxton's share: $4,368",
	"Alcott's share: $4,732, Buxton's share: $4,004",
	"Alcott's share: $4,500, Buxton's share: $4,236",
	"Alcott's share: $5,236, Buxton's share: $3,500"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Alcott's share: $4,004, Buxton's share: $4,732",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A046",
	"question": "Assume all gases are perfect unless stated otherwise. Unless otherwise stated, thermodynamic data are for 298.15 K. A sample of carbon dioxide of mass $2.45 \\mathrm{~g}$ at $27.0^{\\circ} \\mathrm{C}$ is allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically from $500 \\mathrm{~cm}^3$ to $3.00 \\mathrm{dm}^3$. What is the work done by the gas?",
	"options": [
	"-172 $\\mathrm{~J}$",
	"-160 $\\mathrm{~J}$",
	"-210 $\\mathrm{~J}$",
	"-155 $\\mathrm{~J}$",
	"-240 $\\mathrm{~J}$",
	"-205 $\\mathrm{~J}$",
	"-194$\\mathrm{~J}$",
	"-220 $\\mathrm{~J}$",
	"-180 $\\mathrm{~J}$",
	"-230 $\\mathrm{~J}$"
	],
	"reference_answer": "-194$\\mathrm{~J}$",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A202",
	"question": "Under ethical ________ objective moral principles can be rationally determined, while ethical under ________ morality is both context dependant and subjective.",
	"options": [
	"Relativism, Absolutism",
	"Absolutism, Normativity",
	"Subjectivism, Relativism",
	"Absolutism, Relativism",
	"Normativity, Absolutism",
	"Normativity, Relativism",
	"Relativism, Normativity",
	"Relativism, Relativism",
	"Absolutism, Absolutism",
	"Absolutism, Subjectivism"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Absolutism, Relativism",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A072",
	"question": "A teacher buys the folders listed below.\n* 5 boxes of red folders with 36 folders in each box\n* 6 boxes of blue folders with 32 folders in each box\nWhich number is closest to the total number of red and blue folders that the teacher buys?",
	"options": [
	"460",
	"340",
	"500",
	"520",
	"600",
	"440",
	"275",
	"550",
	"420",
	"380"
	],
	"reference_answer": "380",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A241",
	"question": "The view that moral considerations do not apply to war is known as",
	"options": [
	"moral absolutism.",
	"antiwar pacifism.",
	"just war theory.",
	"war pragmatism.",
	"moral nihilism.",
	"jus ad bellum.",
	"moral relativism.",
	"utilitarianism.",
	"consequentialism.",
	"war realism."
	],
	"reference_answer": "moral nihilism.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A064",
	"question": "An ultrasonic transducer used for medical diagnosis oscillates at 6.7 Mhz.How long does each oscillation take, and what is the angular frequency? (Unit: 10^7 rad/s)",
	"options": [
	"5.3",
	"1.5",
	"4.2",
	"8.4",
	"3.8",
	"9.2",
	"5.9",
	"7.5",
	"2.9",
	"6.7"
	],
	"reference_answer": "4.2",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A071",
	"question": "A 50-year-old woman comes to the office for the first time because of recurrent abdominal pain. Review of her extensive medical chart, which she has brought with her, discloses that she has a long history of varying physical symptoms. Definitive causes for these symptoms have not been found despite extensive diagnostic studies, consultations with many physicians, and several surgical explorations. She gives dramatic and exaggerated descriptions of her present and past symptoms, and she makes conflicting statements about her history. She has been hospitalized at least 23 times since age 18 years. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?",
	"options": [
	"Somatic symptom disorder",
	"Generalized anxiety disorder",
	"Dependent personality disorder",
	"Borderline personality disorder",
	"Munchausen syndrome",
	"Conversion disorder",
	"Schizophrenia",
	"Occult medical disorder",
	"Narcissistic personality disorder",
	"Histrionic personality disorder"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Somatic symptom disorder",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A141",
	"question": "Which of the following would lead to a decrease in the money supply?",
	"options": [
	"The FED lowers the discount rate.",
	"The FED sells government securities in the secondary market.",
	"The federal government spends less money.",
	"The FED lowers reserve requirements."
	],
	"reference_answer": "The FED sells government securities in the secondary market.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A233",
	"question": "Crowding out",
	"options": [
	"occurs when interest rates fall due to government borrowing.",
	"occurs when consumers and firms spend less offsetting expansionary fiscal policy.",
	"occurs when the government reduces its spending in response to inflation.",
	"is a consequence of contractionary fiscal policy.",
	"is one reason fiscal policy is so effective.",
	"is when expansionary fiscal policy leads to a decrease in interest rates.",
	"happens when the government increases taxes to reduce the budget deficit.",
	"causes the aggregate demand curve to shift to the right."
	],
	"reference_answer": "occurs when consumers and firms spend less offsetting expansionary fiscal policy.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A108",
	"question": "A circular object 4 cm in diameter and 40 cm from a lens has an image 2 cm in diameter. What is the distance of the image from the lens, and what is the power of the lens?",
	"options": [
	"15 cm, 9.0 diopters",
	"30 cm, 6.5 diopters",
	"60 cm, 3.0 diopters",
	"45 cm, 3.5 diopters",
	"10 cm, 8.5 diopters",
	"40 cm, 5.5 diopters",
	"50 cm, 4.5 diopters",
	"20 cm, 7.5 diopters",
	"35 cm, 4.0 diopters",
	"25 cm, 5.0 diopters"
	],
	"reference_answer": "20 cm, 7.5 diopters",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A005",
	"question": "Among these colors, the one that has the most energy per photon is",
	"options": [
	"violet",
	"turquoise",
	"green",
	"blue",
	"red",
	"pink",
	"yellow-green",
	"white",
	"orange",
	"indigo"
	],
	"reference_answer": "violet",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A091",
	"question": "An increased frequency of urination in older adults is most likely caused by",
	"options": [
	"Use of diuretic medications",
	"Bladder infection",
	"Diabetes",
	"Gall stone(s)",
	"High blood pressure",
	"Increased fluid intake",
	"Kidney problems",
	"Smaller bladder",
	"Urinary tract infection",
	"Prostate cancer"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Smaller bladder",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A045",
	"question": "Suppose a convex polygon has 26 faces and 39 edges. How many vertices does it have?",
	"options": [
	"18",
	"20",
	"36",
	"15",
	"30",
	"40",
	"25",
	"24",
	"22",
	"33"
	],
	"reference_answer": "15",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A094",
	"question": "The fossil evidence indicates that by 1.8 million years ago, a new hominid known as _______ had evolved.",
	"options": [
	"Australopithecus afarensis",
	"Homo naledi",
	"Homo neanderthalensis",
	"Neanderthals",
	"Homo floresiensis",
	"Homo sapiens",
	"Homo heidelbergensis",
	"Homo erectus"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Homo erectus",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A073",
	"question": "A rectangular waveguide, 5 cm by 2.5 cm, has an air dielectric. At an excitation frequency of 4000 megacycles, determinethe propagation constants of the 10, 01, 20, 11, 02, and 55 modes.Assume perfect conductors.",
	"options": [
	"j78.5 for the 10 mode, 120.6 for the 01 and 20 modes, 155 for the 11 mode, 250 for the 02 mode, and 720 for the 55 mode",
	"j55.4 for the 10 mode, 93.8 for the 01 and 20 modes, 113 for the 11 mode, 237 for the 02 mode, and 697 for the 55 mode",
	"j62.7 for the 10 mode, 95.4 for the 01 and 20 modes, 118 for the 11 mode, 240 for the 02 mode, and 710 for the 55 mode",
	"j70.2 for the 10 mode, 80.5 for the 01 and 20 modes, 130 for the 11 mode, 210 for the 02 mode, and 680 for the 55 mode",
	"j59.6 for the 10 mode, 91.5 for the 01 and 20 modes, 108 for the 11 mode, 245 for the 02 mode, and 675 for the 55 mode",
	"j66.1 for the 10 mode, 87.9 for the 01 and 20 modes, 105 for the 11 mode, 225 for the 02 mode, and 715 for the 55 mode",
	"j50.4 for the 10 mode, 90.8 for the 01 and 20 modes, 120 for the 11 mode, 230 for the 02 mode, and 700 for the 55 mode",
	"j45.3 for the 10 mode, 88.2 for the 01 and 20 modes, 110 for the 11 mode, 220 for the 02 mode, and 690 for the 55 mode",
	"j48.8 for the 10 mode, 102.3 for the 01 and 20 modes, 125 for the 11 mode, 215 for the 02 mode, and 705 for the 55 mode",
	"j60.3 for the 10 mode, 85.7 for the 01 and 20 modes, 100 for the 11 mode, 200 for the 02 mode, and 650 for the 55 mode"
	],
	"reference_answer": "j55.4 for the 10 mode, 93.8 for the 01 and 20 modes, 113 for the 11 mode, 237 for the 02 mode, and 697 for the 55 mode",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A229",
	"question": "All else equal when the United States exports more goods and services",
	"options": [
	"the value of the dollar rises as the supply of dollars decreases.",
	"the value of the dollar falls as demand for dollars decreases.",
	"the value of the dollar falls as the supply of dollars decreases.",
	"the value of the dollar remains the same regardless of the supply and demand for dollars.",
	"the value of the dollar falls as the supply of dollars increases.",
	"the value of the dollar rises as demand for dollars increases.",
	"the value of the dollar remains stable as the supply and demand for dollars are balanced.",
	"the value of the dollar rises as the supply of dollars increases.",
	"the value of the dollar falls, as the demand for dollars is lower than the supply.",
	"the value of the dollar rises, despite a decrease in demand for dollars."
	],
	"reference_answer": "the value of the dollar rises as demand for dollars increases.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A104",
	"question": "Which of the following stages is the first step in the writing cycle?",
	"options": [
	"Outlining",
	"Drafting",
	"Editing",
	"Researching",
	"Formatting",
	"Brainstorming",
	"Reviewing",
	"Publishing",
	"Revising",
	"Proofreading"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Brainstorming",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A184",
	"question": "In 1797, John Frere made a discovery that he described as:",
	"options": [
	"a new type of metal alloy.",
	"the earliest written documents.",
	"the remains of a massive wooden ship believed to be Noah's Ark.",
	"animal remains scattered on the surface of the ground.",
	"the ruins of an ancient civilization under the sea.",
	"fossils of a previously unknown dinosaur species.",
	"cave paintings depicting ancient hunting scenes.",
	"human skulls with ape-like features.",
	"primitive stone tools excavated at great depth.",
	"a hidden underground city."
	],
	"reference_answer": "primitive stone tools excavated at great depth.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A058",
	"question": "A previously healthy 17-year-old girl comes to the emergency department because of a 5-day history of progressive lower abdominal pain, fever, and malodorous vaginal discharge. Menarche was at the age of 12 years, and her last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. She is sexually active with one male partner and uses a combination contraceptive patch. Her temperature is 37.8\u00b0C (100\u00b0F), pulse is 90/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. Abdominal examination shows severe lower quadrant tenderness bilaterally. Pelvic examination shows a purulent cervical discharge, cervical motion tenderness, and bilateral adnexal tenderness. Her hemoglobin concentration is 10.5 g/dL, leukocyte count is 13,000/mm3 , and platelet count is 345,000/mm3 . A urine pregnancy test is negative. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?",
	"options": [
	"Oral azithromycin",
	"Vaginal clindamycin",
	"Intravenous penicillin and vancomycin",
	"Intramuscular ceftriaxone and oral doxycycline"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Intramuscular ceftriaxone and oral doxycycline",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A194",
	"question": "Which of the following is NOT a good predictor of which states will get nuclear weapons?",
	"options": [
	"Geographic location",
	"Age of the state",
	"Regime type",
	"Wealth/GDP",
	"Receipt of sensitive nuclear assistance",
	"Rivalry with a nuclear state"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Regime type",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A162",
	"question": "X is a finite set with the following property: The number of subsets of X that contain exactly 3 elements is 14 more than the number of subsets of X that contain exactly 2 elements. How many subsets of X contain exactly 4 elements?",
	"options": [
	"36",
	"24",
	"28",
	"40",
	"25",
	"42",
	"33",
	"30",
	"32",
	"35"
	],
	"reference_answer": "35",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A078",
	"question": "What is the premium on a $60,000 policy if the rate is $.2065 per $100? How much would the insurance company pay on a loss of $61,000?",
	"options": [
	"$124 and $60,000",
	"$120 and $60,000",
	"$130 and $61,000",
	"$118 and $59,000",
	"$123 and $61,000",
	"$122 and $60,500",
	"$125 and $59,000",
	"$120 and $61,000",
	"$126 and $61,000"
	],
	"reference_answer": "$124 and $60,000",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A102",
	"question": "A man works at a tire warehouse, where his job duties consist of loading tires onto trucks. The job is exhausting, and the warehouse is always short of personnel. One day, while loading a heavy tractor tire onto a truck by himself, he experienced a sharp and excruciating pain in his lower back. He did not report the incident to his employer, but continued to work. A week later, after work, he went to the doctor for treatment. The man then sues his employer, alleging that the employer failed to provide him with adequate assistance, safety equipment, and training to load heavy tractor tires, thereby contributing to his injury. The employer alleges that the man is merely trying to obtain compensation for an old back injury, unrelated to his employment. At trial, the man's doctor testified that the man told her that his back began hurting while he was loading the tire on the truck. The doctor's testimony is",
	"options": [
	"admissible as a statement for the purposes of medical diagnosis.",
	"admissible as a statement made in the course of treatment.",
	"inadmissible as a violation of the physicianpatient privilege.",
	"admissible as it is a statement of fact.",
	"admissible as expert testimony.",
	"admissible as it is a statement made in anticipation of litigation.",
	"inadmissible as it is a speculative statement.",
	"inadmissible as it is a biased statement.",
	"inadmissible as hearsay not within any recognized exception.",
	"inadmissible as it is a self-serving statement."
	],
	"reference_answer": "admissible as a statement for the purposes of medical diagnosis.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A125",
	"question": "The temperature of spontaneous solidification for copper is 1,120\u00b0K and the melting point is 1,356\u00b0K. Calculate the Gibbs free-energy change at the spontaneous solidification temperatureusing the following data. Data Reaction:Cu_(_1) = Cu_(s) \\DeltaH^0 = - 3,100 cal (@ 1,356\u00b0K). \\DeltaC_p= - 2.09 + 1.5 \u00d7 10^-3T",
	"options": [
	"- 470 cal/mole",
	"- 500 cal/mole",
	"- 700 cal/mole",
	"- 440 cal/mole",
	"- 610 cal/mole",
	"- 380 cal/mole",
	"- 540 cal/mole",
	"- 560 cal/mole",
	"- 650 cal/mole",
	"- 630 cal/mole"
	],
	"reference_answer": "- 540 cal/mole",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A098",
	"question": "A certain molecule acts by binding to cytochrome oxidase A3, the final enzyme in the electron transport chain. Administration of a large dose of this substance to a human would likely:",
	"options": [
	"Decrease the rate of glycolysis, leading to a drop in ATP production.",
	"Have no effect as cells would switch which macronutrient they metabolize to circumvent the blocked biochemical pathway.",
	"Stimulate the cell to increase its production of cytochrome oxidase A3 to compensate for the blocked enzyme.",
	"Lead to the overproduction of NADH, causing a buildup of toxic metabolites in the cell.",
	"Increase the cell\u2019s ATP production as negative feedback would cause the cell to up-regulate anaerobic pathways.",
	"Increase the efficiency of the electron transport chain by providing an alternative pathway for electron transfer.",
	"Have no effect as the cells would increase their reliance on fatty acid oxidation for energy production.",
	"Lead to death due to an inability of the cell to pass electrons to oxygen, thus stopping aerobic respiration and asphyxiating the cells.",
	"Lead to death due to an inadequate supply of ADP to accept a phosphate group at the ATP synthase enzyme.",
	"Cause a rapid increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress and cell death."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Lead to death due to an inability of the cell to pass electrons to oxygen, thus stopping aerobic respiration and asphyxiating the cells.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A203",
	"question": "Predict the number of lines in the EPR spectrum of a solution of dimethylnitroxide (CH3)2NO\u2022 assuming the lines do not overlap.",
	"options": [
	"15",
	"24",
	"21",
	"3",
	"5",
	"6",
	"10",
	"9",
	"12",
	"7"
	],
	"reference_answer": "3",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A076",
	"question": "A housing corporation owned a tract of land. The housing corporation prepared a development plan to divide the land into 100 lots and create a residential community on the tract. The Declaration of Covenants created the homeowners' association, an administrative entity that would administer and enforce the regulations and restrictions recited among the covenants. One of the restrictions set forth in the Declaration of Covenants reads:\"There shall never at any time be erected, permitted, or maintained upon any part of the property any structure designed for or used as a saloon or place for the sale or manufacture of malt, vinous, or spirituous liquors. \"The Declaration of Covenants was duly recorded and was included in the deed taken by a teacher when he purchased lot 62 in the development. The teacher immediately recorded his deed. The teacher leased his home to a librarian for a term of one year. The lease included the same restrictions as those in the Declaration of Covenants and in the teacher's deed. The librarian immediately began to sell liquor on the premises during weekly \"after hours\" parties. The homeowners' association sues the librarian in an action for damages. Which of the following is the best argument for the librarian?",
	"options": [
	"The homeowners' association has no authority over the librarian.",
	"The librarian is not in privity of contract with the homeowners' association.",
	"The homeowners' association failed to notify the librarian of the restriction.",
	"The librarian has the right to use the property as they see fit during the lease term.",
	"The restriction is considered void due to the other commercial activities in the vicinity.",
	"The Declaration of Covenants restriction is not legally binding.",
	"Other lots in the immediate vicinity are used for commercial purposes.",
	"The librarian was not aware of the Declaration of Covenants when signing the lease.",
	"The rule in Spencer's Case prevents the librarian from being liable.",
	"The librarian is not in privity of estate with the teacher."
	],
	"reference_answer": "The librarian is not in privity of contract with the homeowners' association.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A121",
	"question": "_________ enable different types of uncertainty to be lowered in several ways (Fill and McKee, 2012). These include reducing the complexity, increasing value and competitive advantage, routinization, and providing specialization.",
	"options": [
	"Distribution.",
	"Human resources.",
	"Production lines.",
	"Warehouse.",
	"Customer service.",
	"Supply chain.",
	"Marketing channels.",
	"Financial management.",
	"Quality control.",
	"Research and development."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Marketing channels.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A074",
	"question": "Hormones are secreted:",
	"options": [
	"into the tissues surrounding the glands where they were manufactured",
	"into the stomach and then are digested and travel throughout the body",
	"into the brain for processing before being distributed",
	"into the ovaries and testes",
	"into the hair follicles and travel along the hair shafts",
	"into the skin and absorbed through the pores",
	"into the air and inhaled by the individual",
	"directly into the bloodstream",
	"into the saliva and are swallowed and digested",
	"into the lymphatic system"
	],
	"reference_answer": "directly into the bloodstream",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A216",
	"question": "In a given economy, households save 10% of their incomes; the current income tax burden is 25%; planned investments are expected to be $60 billion; and the trade deficit is about $2.5 billion. Current government expenditures are $270 billion per year. The full capacity GNP level is $1,060 billion. What is the current deficit? What is the full em-ployment deficit? Compare the two. Is the current budget expansionary or contractionary ? Explain.",
	"options": [
	"$18.07 billion",
	"$12.5 billion",
	"$22.3 billion",
	"$30 billion",
	"$10 billion",
	"$15 billion",
	"$35 billion",
	"$20 billion",
	"$25 billion",
	"$17 billion"
	],
	"reference_answer": "$18.07 billion",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A247",
	"question": "In a faulty analogy, the things being compared are...",
	"options": [
	"Completely unrelated in any way",
	"Similar in some ways, different in others",
	"Similar in appearance, but not in function",
	"Sufficiently similar",
	"Not sufficiently similar in relevant ways",
	"Different in appearance, but similar in function",
	"Completely identical in all ways",
	"Completely dissimilar in all ways",
	"Complete opposites"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Not sufficiently similar in relevant ways",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A227",
	"question": "Adaptations of plants to minimize water loss in environments with high temperatures include which of the following?",
	"options": [
	"Thick, lush foliage",
	"Smooth, glossy leaves",
	"High rates of transpiration",
	"Shallow root systems",
	"Spines instead of leaves",
	"Numerous stomata",
	"Thin cuticles",
	"Large surface-to-volume ratios",
	"Absence of stomata",
	"Broad, flat leaves"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Spines instead of leaves",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A195",
	"question": "Two identical conducting spheres, fixed in place, attract each other with an electrostatic force of $0.108 \\mathrm{~N}$ when their center-to-center separation is $50.0 \\mathrm{~cm}$. The spheres are then connected by a thin conducting wire. When the wire is removed, the spheres repel each other with an electrostatic force of $0.0360 \\mathrm{~N}$. Of the initial charges on the spheres, with a positive net charge, what was (a) the negative charge on one of them?",
	"options": [
	"$-2.00 \\mu \\mathrm{C}$",
	"$-2.50 \\mu \\mathrm{C}$",
	"$-0.50 \\mu \\mathrm{C}$",
	"$-1.75 \\mu \\mathrm{C}$",
	"$-0.75 \\mu \\mathrm{C}$",
	"$-1.00 \\mu \\mathrm{C}$$ \\mu \\mathrm{C}$",
	"$-0.25 \\mu \\mathrm{C}$",
	"$-1.50 \\mu \\mathrm{C}$",
	"$-3.00 \\mu \\mathrm{C}$",
	"$-1.25 \\mu \\mathrm{C}$"
	],
	"reference_answer": "$-1.00 \\mu \\mathrm{C}$$ \\mu \\mathrm{C}$",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A047",
	"question": "Stevenson claims that the primary use of ethical judgments is to:",
	"options": [
	"demonstrate superior knowledge.",
	"provide a basis for legislation.",
	"evaluate the morality of others.",
	"influence the interests of others.",
	"state facts.",
	"establish universal moral laws.",
	"describe one\u2019s own approval of things.",
	"express personal beliefs.",
	"none of the above.",
	"manipulate the emotions of others."
	],
	"reference_answer": "influence the interests of others.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A177",
	"question": "The pharaoh ruled a population of ________, of which _________ were farmers.",
	"options": [
	"5,000,000; 100%",
	"3,000,000; 75%",
	"4,000,000; 80%",
	"2,500,000; 90%",
	"1,500,000; 70%",
	"100,000; 25%",
	"500,000; 50%",
	"750,000; 30%",
	"1,000,000; 50%",
	"2,000,000; 60%"
	],
	"reference_answer": "3,000,000; 75%",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A142",
	"question": "A coach rounded the number of runners at a track meet to the nearest 10. The rounded number of runners is 400. Which number could be the actual number of runners at the track meet?",
	"options": [
	"411",
	"382",
	"420",
	"447",
	"375",
	"397",
	"406",
	"435"
	],
	"reference_answer": "397",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A154",
	"question": "Compute the mean deviations and dispersions produced by a crown prism of apex angle 10\u00b0 and a flint prism of apex angle 10\u00b0. Assume the indices of refraction for crown and flint glass to be approximately 1.508 and 1.620, respectively. The dispersive powers for crown and flint glass are .018 and .031, respectively.",
	"options": [
	"Flint glass: mean deviation 5.50\u00b0, dispersion 0.030\u00b0; Crown glass: mean deviation 6.50\u00b0, dispersion 0.210\u00b0",
	"Flint glass: mean deviation 6.20\u00b0, dispersion 0.192\u00b0; Crown glass: mean deviation 5.08\u00b0, dispersion 0.091\u00b0",
	"Flint glass: mean deviation 0.091\u00b0, dispersion 5.08\u00b0; Crown glass: mean deviation 0.192\u00b0, dispersion 6.20\u00b0",
	"Flint glass: mean deviation 6.00\u00b0, dispersion 0.020\u00b0; Crown glass: mean deviation 5.20\u00b0, dispersion 0.100\u00b0",
	"Flint glass: mean deviation 7.20\u00b0, dispersion 0.200\u00b0; Crown glass: mean deviation 4.50\u00b0, dispersion 0.080\u00b0",
	"Flint glass: mean deviation 6.50\u00b0, dispersion 0.031\u00b0; Crown glass: mean deviation 5.00\u00b0, dispersion 0.018\u00b0",
	"Flint glass: mean deviation 0.192\u00b0, dispersion 6.20\u00b0; Crown glass: mean deviation 0.091\u00b0, dispersion 5.08\u00b0",
	"Flint glass: mean deviation 4.08\u00b0, dispersion 0.095\u00b0; Crown glass: mean deviation 7.20\u00b0, dispersion 0.185\u00b0",
	"Flint glass: mean deviation 5.08\u00b0, dispersion 0.091\u00b0; Crown glass: mean deviation 6.20\u00b0, dispersion 0.192\u00b0",
	"Flint glass: mean deviation 5.20\u00b0, dispersion 0.180\u00b0; Crown glass: mean deviation 6.00\u00b0, dispersion 0.090\u00b0"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Flint glass: mean deviation 6.20\u00b0, dispersion 0.192\u00b0; Crown glass: mean deviation 5.08\u00b0, dispersion 0.091\u00b0",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A149",
	"question": "This question refers to the following information.\n\"Those whose condition is such that their function is the use of their bodies and nothing better can be expected of them, those, I say, are slaves of nature. It is better for them to be ruled thus.\"\nJuan de Sepulveda, Politics, 1522\n\"When Latin American nations gained independence in the 19th century, those two strains converged, and merged with an older, more universalist, natural law tradition. The result was a distinctively Latin American form of rights discourse. Paolo Carozza traces the roots of that discourse to a distinctive application, and extension, of Thomistic moral philosophy to the injustices of Spanish conquests in the New World. The key figure in that development seems to have been Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas, a 16th-century Spanish bishop who condemned slavery and championed the cause of Indians on the basis of a natural right to liberty grounded in their membership in a single common humanity. 'All the peoples of the world are humans,' Las Casas wrote, and 'all the races of humankind are one.' According to Brian Tierney, Las Casas and other Spanish Dominican philosophers laid the groundwork for a doctrine of natural rights that was independent of religious revelation 'by drawing on a juridical tradition that derived natural rights and natural law from human rationality and free will, and by appealing to Aristotelian philosophy.'\"\nMary Ann Glendon, \"The Forgotten Crucible: The Latin American Influence on the Universal Human Rights Idea,\u201d 2003\nWhich one of the following statements about the Spanish conquest of the Americas is most accurate?",
	"options": [
	"African slavery was a direct result of Spanish settlements in Florida.",
	"The Spanish conquest of the Americas was motivated by a desire to spread Aristotelian philosophy.",
	"Due to racial prejudice, Spanish explorers shunned intermarriage with native people.",
	"The Spanish conquest of the Americas was universally condemned by the Catholic Church.",
	"Juan de Sepulveda was a major critic of the Spanish conquest, due to his belief in natural law.",
	"Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas supported the Spanish conquest because he believed it would improve the lives of the indigenous people.",
	"Early native civilizations in Mexico introduced Spanish explorers to cattle ranching and wheat cultivation.",
	"The Spanish conquest of the Americas led directly to the abolition of slavery.",
	"Christopher Columbus was not the first European to have explored North America.",
	"Spanish conquerors were influenced by the Native American belief in natural rights."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Christopher Columbus was not the first European to have explored North America.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A153",
	"question": "What is the vector that spans the kernel of A = [[1, 0, 2, 4], [0, 1, -3, -1], [3, 4, -6, 8], [0, -1, 3, 4]]?",
	"options": [
	"[1, 2, 3, 4]",
	"[-1, 2, 0, 3]",
	"[0, 3, -3, 1]",
	"[3, -1, 0, 4]",
	"[5, -2, 1, 4]",
	"[1, -1, 2, 0]",
	"[2, 1, 3, -1]",
	"[4, 0, -2, 1]",
	"[0, 1, -1, 2]",
	"[-2, 3, 1, 0]"
	],
	"reference_answer": "[-2, 3, 1, 0]",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A119",
	"question": "Compared with radiation from the Sun, terrestrial radiation has a lower",
	"options": [
	"Both",
	"Polarization",
	"Speed",
	"Amplitude",
	"wavelength",
	"Neither",
	"frequency"
	],
	"reference_answer": "frequency",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A020",
	"question": "This question refers to the following information.\nAt a meeting of working girls held at Hull House during a strike in a large shoe factory, the discussions made it clear that the strikers who had been most easily frightened, and therefore the first to capitulate, were naturally those girls who were paying board and were afraid of being put out if they fell too far behind. After a recital of a case of peculiar hardship one of them exclaimed: \"Wouldn't it be fine if we had a boarding club of our own, and then we could stand behind each other in a time like this?\" After that events moved quickly. We \u2026 discussed all the difficulties and fascinations of such an undertaking, and on the first of May, 1891, two comfortable apartments near Hull House were rented and furnished. The Settlement was responsible for the furniture and paid the first month's rent, but beyond that the members managed the club themselves.\u2026 At the end of the third year the club occupied all of the six apartments which the original building contained, and numbered fifty members.\n\u2014Jane Addams, Twenty Years at Hull House, 1912\nThe perspective of the passage above would most directly support which of the following political goals?",
	"options": [
	"Greater rights for unions",
	"Increasing minimum wage",
	"Mandatory health insurance for workers",
	"Women's suffrage",
	"Equal pay for equal work",
	"Weakening political machines",
	"Rent control laws",
	"Child labor laws",
	"Improved working conditions in factories",
	"Trust-busting"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Greater rights for unions",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A132",
	"question": "When a firm is earning a normal profit from the production of a good, it is true that",
	"options": [
	"total revenues from production are equal to implicit costs.",
	"total revenues from production are equal to explicit costs.",
	"explicit costs are higher than implicit costs.",
	"total revenues from production are equal to the sum of explicit and implicit costs.",
	"total revenues from production are lower than the sum of explicit and implicit costs.",
	"explicit costs are equal to implicit costs.",
	"implicit costs are higher than explicit costs.",
	"total revenues from production are higher than the sum of explicit and implicit costs.",
	"total revenues from production are equal to double the sum of explicit and implicit costs.",
	"implicit costs are equal to the difference of total revenues from production and explicit costs."
	],
	"reference_answer": "total revenues from production are equal to the sum of explicit and implicit costs.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A095",
	"question": "An explorer, lost in. the desert, stumbled on an abandoned automobile whose gas tank still held 5 liters of fuel. Gasoline has a density of 0.67 g / cc. Assuming gasoline to be composed of C_7H_16 molecules, how many liters of water could he produce by burning the fuel and trapping the products ? The reaction is C_7H_16(l) + O_2(g) \\ding{217} CO_2(g) + H_2O(g)",
	"options": [
	"603.0 g",
	"3350 g",
	"5000 cc",
	"45 liters",
	"7.0 moles",
	"5.0 liters",
	"67.0 liters",
	"12,060 g",
	"850 g"
	],
	"reference_answer": "603.0 g",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A211",
	"question": "For a class project, a student wants to see if boys and girls at their large high school differ in the number of contacts they have stored in their phone. The student conducts a survey of 50 randomly sampled boys and 40 randomly selected girls, and asks them to report the number of contacts. Which of the following is true about this situation?",
	"options": [
	"Because the sample sizes are both less than 50, the student should not use a two-sample t-test.",
	"Because the population standard deviations are not known and conditions are met, the student shoulduse a two-sample t-test.",
	"Because the student is testing for a difference in means, they should use a paired t-test.",
	"Because the student is comparing two groups, they should use a Mann-Whitney U test.",
	"Because the sample sizes are both greater than 30, the student should notuse a two-sample t-test.",
	"Because the sample sizes are different, the student should notuse a two-sample t-test.",
	"Because the student is comparing two groups, they should use an ANOVA test.",
	"Because the student is comparing two groups, they should use a one-sample t-test.",
	"Because the sample sizes are both greater than 30, the student should use a Chi-square test.",
	"Because the shape of the population distribution is not known, the student should notuse a two-sample t-test."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Because the shape of the population distribution is not known, the student should notuse a two-sample t-test.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A174",
	"question": "suppose f is differentiable in [0,+\\infty) and f(0)=0. When x>=0, \|f'(x)\|<=\|f(x)\| where f' stands for the derivative of f. What is f(2687) and f(35)? answer the two values in a list",
	"options": [
	"[1, 1]",
	"[0, 1]",
	"[-35, -2687]",
	"[-1, 1]",
	"[2687, 35]",
	"[1, -1]",
	"[2, 2]",
	"[0, 0]",
	"[35, 2687]",
	"[-1, -1]"
	],
	"reference_answer": "[0, 0]",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A118",
	"question": "Which of these are not legumes?",
	"options": [
	"peas",
	"soybeans",
	"peanuts",
	"radishes",
	"lentils",
	"beans",
	"chickpeas"
	],
	"reference_answer": "radishes",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A176",
	"question": "Plato's suggestion that knowledge is innate or remembered as a result of being triggered by experience is in response to a paradox he sets up for himself. The paradox, now referred to as Meno's Paradox, has to do with the question of:",
	"options": [
	"how anyone can recognize the correct answer to a question without already knowing the answer.",
	"how the soul can reincarnate if it carries no memory of past lives.",
	"how knowledge of the Forms can ever be anything other than a generalization of experience.",
	"how a person can remember anything about the realm of the Forms after the shock of being born into this world.",
	"how concepts bound to the realm of becoming have meaning only when associated with the realm of Being.",
	"how a person can possess knowledge without having been taught.",
	"how a person can forget something they once knew clearly.",
	"how it is possible to know something that one has not experienced.",
	"how knowledge can be both innate and learned at the same time.",
	"how the human mind can conceive of the Forms without physical representation."
	],
	"reference_answer": "how anyone can recognize the correct answer to a question without already knowing the answer.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A123",
	"question": "Mr. A owns 1,000 shares of General Electric common stock. If he tries to sell some, he finds he can get a price of $61.50 per share for all 1,000 shares. If he offers only 500 shares, he can get a price of $61,625 which is $0,125 more per share. That is, reducing his amount sold by a half, he can get a price that is higher by about 1/500. If he sought a price of $61.75, he would sell nothing. Mr. A considers this an insignificant rise in price as a result of withholding his supply. Is this an example of a price-takers' market? Compute Mr. A's marginal revenues as best you can with the given data.",
	"options": [
	"Yes, this is an example of a price-takers' market, Marginal revenue is $61.50 per share",
	"Yes, this is an example of a price-takers' market, Marginal revenue is $61,375 per share",
	"Yes, this is an example of a price-takers' market, Marginal revenue is $30,750 per share",
	"Yes, this is an example of a price-takers' market, Marginal revenue is $61.625 per share",
	"No, this is not an example of a price-takers' market, Marginal revenue is $61,375 per share",
	"Yes, this is an example of a price-takers' market, Marginal revenue is $61,625 per share",
	"No, this is not an example of a price-takers' market, Marginal revenue is $61,625 per share",
	"No, this is not an example of a price-takers' market, Marginal revenue is $30,750 per share",
	"No, this is not an example of a price-takers' market, Marginal revenue is $61.625 per share",
	"No, this is not an example of a price-takers' market, Marginal revenue is $61.50 per share"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Yes, this is an example of a price-takers' market, Marginal revenue is $61,375 per share",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A115",
	"question": "If the Japanese economy suffers a deep prolonged recession in what ways would U.S. net exports and the values of the dollar and yen change? U.S. NET EXPORTS \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 VALUE OF DOLLAR \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 VALUE OF YEN",
	"options": [
	"Increases Increases Increases",
	"Decreases \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Decreases \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Increases",
	"Increases Increases Decreases",
	"No change Increases Increases",
	"Decreases Increases Decreases",
	"Increases Decreases Decreases",
	"No change Decreases Decreases",
	"Decreases \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Decreases \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Decreases",
	"Decreases \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Increases \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Increases",
	"Increases \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Decreases \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Increases"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Decreases \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Decreases \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Increases",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A207",
	"question": "The owner of a competitive firm making zero economic profit",
	"options": [
	"will most likely make more profits in the long run",
	"is making a loss and should consider changing her business strategy",
	"is making less than normal profits",
	"is not making any profit at all",
	"should consider expanding her business for more profit",
	"is earning exceptionally high profits",
	"is making more than what she would make in her next best alternative job",
	"should lower her prices to increase profits",
	"should consider shutting down because she could make more elsewhere",
	"is making exactly what she would make in her next best alternative job"
	],
	"reference_answer": "is making exactly what she would make in her next best alternative job",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A152",
	"question": "Include air resistance proportional to the square of the ball's speed in the previous problem. Let the drag coefficient be $c_W=0.5$, the softball radius be $5 \\mathrm{~cm}$ and the mass be $200 \\mathrm{~g}$. Find the initial speed of the softball needed now to clear the fence.",
	"options": [
	"40.7$\\mathrm{~m} \\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$",
	"37.9$\\mathrm{~m} \\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$",
	"35.2$\\mathrm{~m} \\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ ",
	"28.7$\\mathrm{~m} \\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$",
	"22.5$\\mathrm{~m} \\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$",
	"32.4$\\mathrm{~m} \\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$",
	"48.6$\\mathrm{~m} \\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$",
	"30.5$\\mathrm{~m} \\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$",
	"45.3$\\mathrm{~m} \\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$",
	"25.1$\\mathrm{~m} \\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$"
	],
	"reference_answer": "35.2$\\mathrm{~m} \\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ ",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A017",
	"question": "A state imposes a tax on nonresident photographers who operate photographic studios in the state at a rate of 2% of their state-derived income above $12,000. This income tax exempts taxable income earned outside of the state by photographers who live in the state. Moreover, resident-photographers of the state are not taxed on their in-state earned income. A photographer who operates a studio in the state but is a resident of another state, challenges the constitutionality of this tax. Which of the following provisions would furnish the most applicable basis for this constitutional challenge?",
	"options": [
	"The commerce clause.",
	"The right to work clause of the Fifth Amendment.",
	"The supremacy clause of Article VI.",
	"The freedom of speech clause of the First Amendment.",
	"The privileges and immunities clause of ArticleIv.",
	"The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.",
	"The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.",
	"The right to a fair trial clause of the Sixth Amendment.",
	"The right to privacy clause of the Fourth Amendment.",
	"The establishment clause of the First Amendment."
	],
	"reference_answer": "The privileges and immunities clause of ArticleIv.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A230",
	"question": "A minor child was eating a fish sandwich in a fast food restaurant when a large metal object, later identified as a fish hook, got caught in her throat. The trapped hook caused her to cough blood uncontrollably, and she was rushed to a hospital for emergency surgery. The restaurant later defended the customer's lawsuit by showing that it had done everything reasonable to eliminate foreign objects from its product and there was no negligence. Will the lawsuit be dismissed and judgment entered for the restaurant?",
	"options": [
	"No, because the restaurant should have provided a warning about potential hazards in their food.",
	"Yes, because the child should have been supervised while eating.",
	"Yes, because the restaurant cannot control what is in the fish they receive from suppliers.",
	"Yes, because a customer voluntarily assumes the foreseeable risk that fish will contain metal fish hooks.",
	"No, because even without negligence there is strict liability imposed for selling an unreasonably dangerous product.",
	"No, because the seller did not post a warning that its fish might contain fish hooks.",
	"Yes, because customers are expected to know that a fish sandwich will often have foreign objects in it.",
	"No, because the restaurant should have had a procedure in place to prevent such incidents.",
	"Yes, because the restaurant did everything reasonable to ensure the safety of their food.",
	"No, because the restaurant should have checked each fish individually for hooks."
	],
	"reference_answer": "No, because even without negligence there is strict liability imposed for selling an unreasonably dangerous product.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A099",
	"question": "Magazines costs $2.99 each and books costs $6.99 each at the Old Town Newsstand. What is the total cost of 4 magazines and 3 books?",
	"options": [
	"$25.93",
	"$32.93 ",
	"$28.93 ",
	"$30.93",
	"$38.93",
	"$42.93",
	"$20.93 ",
	"$45.93",
	"$35.93",
	"$48.93 "
	],
	"reference_answer": "$32.93 ",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A009",
	"question": "Of the following, the best predictor of a child\u2019s post-divorce adjustment during the 2 years following divorce is the",
	"options": [
	"level of involvement of the non-custodial parent",
	"age of the child at the time of the divorce",
	"degree of continued conflict between the parents after the divorce",
	"degree of hostility during the divorce process",
	"residence of the child with the preferred parent",
	"child's academic performance before the divorce",
	"financial status of the parents after the divorce",
	"withdrawal of the more disturbed parent",
	"level of support from extended family",
	"frequency of the child's contact with friends after the divorce"
	],
	"reference_answer": "degree of continued conflict between the parents after the divorce",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A112",
	"question": "Find the contributions of the conductivities of individual ions (ionic equivalent conductance \\lambda_+ and \\lambda_-) when\u0668(equivalent \u0668 conductance of electrolytic solution) = 0.0412 m^2 /(\\Omega) (mol) and t_+ = 0.825.",
	"options": [
	"\\lambda_+ = 0.00721 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol), \\lambda_- = 0.0412 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol)",
	"\\lambda_+ = 0.825 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol), \\lambda_- = 0.0412 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol)",
	"\\lambda_+ = 0.0340 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol), \\lambda_- = 0.0072 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol)",
	"\\lambda_+ = 0.0206 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol), \\lambda_- = 0.0206 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol)",
	"\\lambda_+ = 0.0105 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol), \\lambda_- = 0.0307 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol)",
	"\\lambda_+ = 0.00825 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol), \\lambda_- = 0.03295 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol)",
	"\\lambda_+ = 0.0411 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol), \\lambda_- = 0.0001 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol)",
	"\\lambda_+ = 0.0412 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol), \\lambda_- = 0.03399 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol)",
	"\\lambda_+ = 0.03399 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol), \\lambda_- = 0.00721 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol)",
	"\\lambda_+ = 0.0410 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol), \\lambda_- = 0.0002 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol)"
	],
	"reference_answer": "\\lambda_+ = 0.03399 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol), \\lambda_- = 0.00721 m^2 / (\u03a9) (mol)",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A127",
	"question": "A state in which several popular ski resorts are located has enacted a law requiring state certification of ski instructors. Under the law, applicants for certification must attend a monthlong course, pass a test, and pay a fee of $1,000. The stated purpose of the law is to \"promote uniformity in the methods of ski instruction at the state's ski areas.\" Shortly before the law's enactment, when the state did not require certification of ski instructors, a woman moved to the state intending to find employment as a ski instructor. The woman had been a ski instructor in another state for many years. But since her move, even though ski resorts in the state have found her to be highly qualified, no resort will offer her a contract for employment as a ski instructor because she has not received the required state certification. As applied to the woman, does the state certification requirement constitute a violation of the contracts clause?",
	"options": [
	"Yes, because the requirement substantially impairs her ability to contract for employment in the absence of an important government objective.",
	"Yes, because the law was enacted after she moved to the state.",
	"No, because the law is necessary for the safety of skiers.",
	"No, because her ability to contract for employment with the state is not being impaired.",
	"Yes, because the law restricts her freedom to engage in her profession.",
	"Yes, because, as applied to an otherwise qualified ski instructor, the requirement is not rationally related to a legitimate government interest.",
	"Yes, because the certification requirement is too costly and time-consuming.",
	"No, because the certification requirement is intended to standardize ski instruction.",
	"No, because she has no existing contract that is being impaired.",
	"No, because the law applies to all ski instructors equally."
	],
	"reference_answer": "No, because she has no existing contract that is being impaired.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A006",
	"question": "An automobile accelerates at a constant rate from 15 mi/hr to 45 mi/hr in 10 sec while traveling in a straight line. What is the average acceleration?",
	"options": [
	"0 ft/sec^2",
	"5.5 ft/sec^2",
	"4.4 ft/sec^2",
	"6.6 ft/sec^2",
	"8.8 ft/sec^2",
	"7.7 ft/sec^2",
	"9.9 ft/sec^2",
	"1.1 ft/sec^2",
	"3.3 ft/sec^2",
	"2.2 ft/sec^2"
	],
	"reference_answer": "4.4 ft/sec^2",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A134",
	"question": "Find the increase in heat exchange between two infinite black parallel plates initially at 100\u00b0F and 200\u00b0F respectively, when the temperature difference is increased by raising the temperature of the second plate to 400\u00b0F. Assume \\sigma = 0.1714 \u00d7 10^-8 Btu/hr-ft^2-\u00b0R^4.",
	"options": [
	"1100 Btu/hr-ft^2",
	"930 Btu/hr-ft^2",
	"289 Btu/hr-ft^2",
	"482 Btu/hr-ft^2",
	"345 Btu/hr-ft^2",
	"612 Btu/hr-ft^2",
	"975 Btu/hr-ft^2",
	"769 Btu/hr-ft^2",
	"860 Btu/hr-ft^2",
	"157 Btu/hr-ft^2"
	],
	"reference_answer": "612 Btu/hr-ft^2",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A013",
	"question": "A plane 1,000 Mc/sec traveling wave in air with peak electric field intensity of 1 volt/meter is incident normally on a large copper sheet. Find the average power absorbed by the sheet per square meter of area.",
	"options": [
	"1.16 \u00d7 10^-7 watt/meter^2",
	"2.32 \u00d7 10^-7 watt/meter^2",
	"9.65 \u00d7 10^-7 watt/meter^2",
	"5.80 \u00d7 10^-8 watt/meter^2",
	"1.16 \u00d7 10^-5 watt/meter^2",
	"1.16 \u00d7 10^-8 watt/meter^2",
	"4.64 \u00d7 10^-5 watt/meter^2",
	"5.00 \u00d7 10^-6 watt/meter^2",
	"1.16 \u00d7 10^-6 watt/meter^2",
	"2.34 \u00d7 10^-5 watt/meter^2"
	],
	"reference_answer": "1.16 \u00d7 10^-7 watt/meter^2",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A034",
	"question": "Which among the following prevents overfitting when we perform bagging?",
	"options": [
	"The use of all data without sampling",
	"The practice of validation performed on a random subset of classifiers trained",
	"The use of underfitting to counterbalance overfitting",
	"The use of weak classifiers",
	"The use of classification algorithms which are prone to overfitting",
	"The use of classification algorithms which are not prone to overfitting",
	"The use of sampling with replacement as the sampling technique",
	"The practice of validation performed on every classifier trained",
	"The use of strong classifiers",
	"The use of sampling without replacement as the sampling technique"
	],
	"reference_answer": "The use of weak classifiers",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A170",
	"question": "Calculate the Fermi temperature for copper in eV.",
	"options": [
	"81600.0",
	"100000.0",
	"65000.0",
	"70000.0",
	"75000.0",
	"92000.0",
	"150000.0",
	"50000.0",
	"120000.0",
	"55000.0"
	],
	"reference_answer": "81600.0",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A040",
	"question": "A rod measures 1.00 m in its rest system. How fast must an observer move parallel to the rod to measure its length to be 0.80 m?",
	"options": [
	"0.90c",
	"0.80c",
	"0.50c",
	"0.55c",
	"0.60c",
	"0.75c",
	"0.40c",
	"0.70c",
	"0.65c",
	"0.20c"
	],
	"reference_answer": "0.60c",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A187",
	"question": "If p(x) is the minimal-degree interpolating polynomial for the real-valued function f(x) at the n + 1 distinct real numbers x0, .... xn what is the maximum possible degree of p(x)?",
	"options": [
	"2n",
	"n + 1",
	"2n + 1",
	"n\u00b3",
	"n\u00b2 + 1",
	"n/2",
	"n",
	"n - 1",
	"n\u00b2",
	"n + 2"
	],
	"reference_answer": "n",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A075",
	"question": "Which of the following does not contain oxygen?",
	"options": [
	"An alcohol",
	"An ether",
	"An amide",
	"An aldehyde",
	"An alkane",
	"A ketone",
	"An ester"
	],
	"reference_answer": "An alkane",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A181",
	"question": "A deuteron (nucleus of deuterium atom consisting of a proton and a neutron) with speed $14.9 \\mathrm{~km} / \\mathrm{s}$ collides elastically with a neutron at rest. Use the approximation that the deuteron is twice the mass of the neutron. If the deuteron is scattered through a $\\mathrm{LAB}$ angle $\\psi=10^{\\circ}$, what is the final speed of the deuteron?",
	"options": [
	"13.2 km/s",
	"14.9$\\mathrm{~km} / \\mathrm{s}$",
	"14.44$\\mathrm{~km} / \\mathrm{s}$",
	"16.1 km/s",
	"12.5 km/s",
	"13.8$\\mathrm{~km} / \\mathrm{s}$",
	"14.0 km/s",
	"16.8 km/s",
	"15.0 km/s",
	"15.3$\\mathrm{~km} / \\mathrm{s}$"
	],
	"reference_answer": "14.44$\\mathrm{~km} / \\mathrm{s}$",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A210",
	"question": "(a) It is desired to deliver 1,600gpmat a head of 900 ft with asingle-stage pump. What would be the minimumspeed thatcould be used ? (b) For the conditions of (a), how many stages must the pumphave if arotativespeed of 600 rpm is to be used ?",
	"options": [
	"2060 rpm and 6 stages",
	"2500 rpm and 8 stages",
	"1200 rpm and 9 stages",
	"3000 rpm and 7 stages",
	"2200 rpm and 2 stages",
	"3200 rpm and 1 stage",
	"1600 rpm and 10 stages",
	"1500 rpm and 4 stages",
	"1800 rpm and 3 stages",
	"1000 rpm and 5 stages"
	],
	"reference_answer": "2060 rpm and 6 stages",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A051",
	"question": "Steam, at 212\u00b0F, is condensing at 198\u00b0F on the outer surface of a bank of pipes with 20 pipes horizontally placed in a row. The diameter of each 3 ft long pipe is 1 in. Calculate the rate of condensate.",
	"options": [
	"300 lbm/hr",
	"350 lbm/hr",
	"275 lbm/hr",
	"220 lbm/hr",
	"280 lbm/hr",
	"325 lbm/hr",
	"200 lbm/hr",
	"400 lbm/hr",
	"250 lbm/hr",
	"180 lbm/hr"
	],
	"reference_answer": "250 lbm/hr",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A050",
	"question": "Joe wants desperately to get close to Helen. Helen appears to be put off by Joe's desperate advances. This is typical of Joe's relationships with women. According to attachment theory Joe would best be described as:",
	"options": [
	"a detached lover",
	"an avoidant lover",
	"a disorganized lover",
	"a fearful-avoidant lover",
	"a secure-avoidant lover",
	"a passionate lover",
	"a dismissive-avoidant lover",
	"a secure lover",
	"an obsessive lover",
	"an anxious-ambivalent lover"
	],
	"reference_answer": "an anxious-ambivalent lover",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A105",
	"question": "Given the bandwidth BW = (2\\beta + 1)f_m used for a space communication system, where \\beta is the modulation index. If \\beta = 0.2 and 5, determine the fraction of the signal power-passed by the filter.",
	"options": [
	"0.60 or 60%, 0.95 or 95%",
	"0.47 or 47%, 0.70 or 70%",
	"0.50 or 50%, 0.65 or 65%",
	"0.67 or 67%, 0.80 or 80%",
	"0.87 or 87%, 0.92 or 92%",
	"0.68 or 68%, 0.83 or 83%",
	"0.75 or 75%, 0.99 or 99%",
	"0.40 or 40%, 0.75 or 75%",
	"0.57 or 57%, 0.90 or 90%",
	"0.77 or 77%, 0.85 or 85%"
	],
	"reference_answer": "0.57 or 57%, 0.90 or 90%",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A067",
	"question": "Which of the following statements about the correlation coefficient is true?",
	"options": [
	"A correlation of 1 indicates a perfect cause-and-effect relationship between the variables.",
	"A correlation of -1 indicates a perfect cause-and-effect relationship between the variables.",
	"The correlation coefficient is always less than 0.",
	"Correlation applies equally well to quantitative and categorical data.",
	"The correlation coefficient and the slope of the regression line are always equal.",
	"The correlation coefficient and the slope of the regression line may have opposite signs.",
	"Correlations of +0.87 and -0.87 indicate the same degree of clustering around the regression line.",
	"A correlation of 0 indicates a strong positive relationship between the variables."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Correlations of +0.87 and -0.87 indicate the same degree of clustering around the regression line.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A042",
	"question": "Mouse sperm contain receptor proteins that bind to a glycoprotein (ZP3) in the zona pellucida of mouse eggs. Binding of ZP3 receptors to ZP3 initiates the sperm\u2019s acrosomal reaction. All of the following experimental observations would be expected EXCEPT:",
	"options": [
	"Injecting eggs with antibodies that bind to ZP3 blocks in vitro fertilization.",
	"Incubating sperm with purified ZP3 prior to mixing sperm and eggs blocks in vitro fertilization.",
	"Incubating eggs with antibodies that bind to ZP3 blocks in vitro fertilization.",
	"Coating synthetic beads with a different glycoprotein, ZP2, fails to lead to sperm aggregation on the beads."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Injecting eggs with antibodies that bind to ZP3 blocks in vitro fertilization.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A129",
	"question": "A man was standing on a street corner when a police officer approached him. The officer gently grabbed the man's arm and said, \"Hey, I want to talk to you. \" The man responded, \"About what . . . I'm in a hurry to go home and watch the baseball game. \" The officer then remarked, \"Listen, what were you doing at the liquor store last week?\" The man stated, \"All right, man, I was there during the robbery. \" Whereupon, the officer placed the man under arrest and charged him with robbery. The man was taken to police headquarters where he was booked. For the first time, he was given his Miranda warnings. He then waived his rights and confessed to being an accessory during the liquor store robbery. Afterward, the court appointed an attorney to represent the man. The attorney moved to suppress both statements the man gave to the police. The trial court granted the motion with respect to the first statement as a violation of Miranda. The man's attorney now moves to suppress the secondstatement given at the police headquarters. This motion should be",
	"options": [
	"granted, because the man didn't have an attorney present during the second statement.",
	"not granted, because the first statement doesn't affect the legality of the second.",
	"not granted, because the second statement was volunteered after a knowing Miranda waiver.",
	"not granted, because the man had already confessed to the crime.",
	"not granted, because the man willingly gave the second statement.",
	"granted, because the first statement was excluded, and the second statement is tainted.",
	"granted, because the man was not informed of his rights before the second statement.",
	"not granted, because the Miranda warning was correctly given before the second statement.",
	"granted, because the man was under duress during the second statement.",
	"granted, because the second statement was the fruit of the first statement."
	],
	"reference_answer": "granted, because the second statement was the fruit of the first statement.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A035",
	"question": "A bar with a cross-sectional area of 6 square centimeters and a permeability of 1000 units is placed in a magnetic field of intensity 5 oersteds. What is the total number of lines of magnetic flux in the iron?",
	"options": [
	"6000 lines of flux",
	"45,000 lines of flux",
	"40,000 lines of flux",
	"5000 lines of flux",
	"25,000 lines of flux",
	"20,000 lines of flux",
	"35,000 lines of flux",
	"12,000 lines of flux",
	"15,000 lines of flux",
	"30,000 lines of flux"
	],
	"reference_answer": "30,000 lines of flux",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A239",
	"question": "Calculate the volume of 0.3 N base necessary to neutralize 3 liters of 0.01 N nitric acid.",
	"options": [
	"0.3 liters",
	"2 liters",
	"0.2 liters",
	"3 liters",
	"0.03 liters",
	"0.01 liters",
	"0.5 liters",
	"5 liters",
	"0.1 liter",
	"1 liter"
	],
	"reference_answer": "0.1 liter",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A160",
	"question": "Suppose you buy a 91-day $ 500,000 Treasury bill at the price of $ 485,000 and you hold the bill until it matures. What is the interest rate you earn?",
	"options": [
	"10.4%",
	"12.5%",
	"9.5%",
	"15%",
	"8.3%",
	"14.2%",
	"12%",
	"13%",
	"11.8%",
	"10%"
	],
	"reference_answer": "11.8%",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A182",
	"question": "A 38-year-old person is afraid to travel on public transportation. A program of treatment that relies on graduated exposure to traveling by bus, with actual real-life behavioral activities increased across trials, is called",
	"options": [
	"cognitive restructuring",
	"systematic desensitization",
	"implosion",
	"flooding",
	"reinforced practice",
	"extinction",
	"counterconditioning",
	"aversive conditioning",
	"modeling"
	],
	"reference_answer": "systematic desensitization",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A164",
	"question": "What is the primary objective of management in managerial economics?",
	"options": [
	"maximization of the firm's value",
	"minimization of costs",
	"maximization of market share",
	"minimization of environmental impact",
	"maximization of social welfare",
	"maximization of production output",
	"maximization of customer satisfaction",
	"minimization of risk exposure",
	"maximization of employee satisfaction",
	"maximization of profits"
	],
	"reference_answer": "maximization of the firm's value",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A166",
	"question": "A plaintiff was driving her car when she stopped at a red light at an intersection. A defendant, who was behind her, did not see the red light and failed to stop. He crashed into the rear of the woman's car and pushed her onto the curb and into a tree. When the plaintiff got out of her car, she felt fine physically, but was emotionally upset when she saw that the hood and trunk of her car were severely damaged. The next day she received an estimate from the mechanic for $1,950 to repair her car. She consulted an attorney the following afternoon and, that evening, suddenly developed shooting back pains. The plaintiff filed a lawsuit against the defendant based on a theory of negligence. One day prior to trial, two years after the accident, the plaintiff went to take a photograph of the accident scene. At trial, the photograph is",
	"options": [
	"admissible, if the photograph correctly and accurately portrayed the accident scene.",
	"admissible, if the photograph was taken by a professional photographer.",
	"inadmissible, if the defendant objects, because the photograph was taken two years after the accident.",
	"inadmissible, if the defendant objects, because the photograph does not show the damage to the plaintiff's car.",
	"inadmissible, if the defendant objects, because the photograph might influence the jury's opinion unfairly.",
	"admissible, if the plaintiff can demonstrate that the conditions at the scene of the accident were the same as when the photograph was taken.",
	"admissible, if the plaintiff identifies the photograph at trial.",
	"inadmissible, if the defendant objects, because the photograph was not taken immediately after the accident.",
	"inadmissible, if the defendant objects, because the photograph is non-verbal hearsay.",
	"admissible, if the plaintiff can prove the photograph has not been altered in any way."
	],
	"reference_answer": "admissible, if the photograph correctly and accurately portrayed the accident scene.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A236",
	"question": "A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme exerts its effect by",
	"options": [
	"reversibly modifying some of the amino acid residues that help to comprise the enzyme's active site",
	"irreversibly forming covalent links with the enzyme, effectively preventing the enzyme's dissociation from it",
	"irreversibly modifying some of the amino acid residues that help to comprise the enzyme's active site",
	"reversibly increasing the number of enzyme molecules that are available to bind substrates",
	"irreversibly decreasing the number of enzyme molecules that are available to bind substrates",
	"competing with the product molecule for the same enzyme but a different binding site than the product binding site",
	"competing with the substrate molecule for the same enzyme but a different binding site than the substrate binding site",
	"irreversibly forming covalent links with the substrate, effectively preventing the enzyme's dissociation from it",
	"reversibly decreasing the number of enzyme molecules that are available to bind substrates",
	"competing with the substrate molecule for the same enzyme and the same binding site as the substrate binding site"
	],
	"reference_answer": "reversibly decreasing the number of enzyme molecules that are available to bind substrates",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A232",
	"question": "Which of the following is the most reasonable action to take for an artist whose work requires the use of a specific hazardous product?",
	"options": [
	"Making sure no children are present when using the product",
	"Reading the product's label and proceeding according to the label directions",
	"Only using the product sparingly and infrequently",
	"Diluting the product with water to reduce its hazard",
	"Checking with a qualified toxicologist before using the material",
	"Ignoring the hazard and using the product as usual",
	"Wearing a mask and gloves while using the product",
	"Getting a friend to use the product instead",
	"Using the product only in large, well-ventilated spaces",
	"Finding a nontoxic product to use and adapting the art-making process as necessary"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Reading the product's label and proceeding according to the label directions",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A246",
	"question": "Four moles of PCl_5 are placed in a 2-liter flask. When the following equilibrium is established PCI_5\\rightleftarrows PCI_3 + CI_2 , the flask is found to contain 0.8 mole of Cl_2 . What is the equili-brium constant?",
	"options": [
	"0.02M",
	"0.4M",
	"0.05M",
	"0.1M",
	"0.8M",
	"0.6M",
	"0.2M",
	"0.25M",
	"0.3M",
	"1.0M"
	],
	"reference_answer": "0.1M",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A103",
	"question": "This question refers to the following information.\nClearly, no longer can a dictator count on East\u2013West confrontation to stymie concerted United Nations action against aggression. A new partnership of nations has begun. And we stand today at a unique and extraordinary moment. The crisis in the Persian Gulf, as grave as it is, also offers a rare opportunity to move toward an historic period of cooperation. Out of these troubled times, our fifth objective\u2014a new world order\u2014can emerge; a new era, freer from the threat of terror, stronger in the pursuit of justice, and more secure in the quest for peace. An era in which the nations of the world, east and west, north and south, can prosper and live in harmony.\n\u2014President George Herbert Walker Bush, Speech to a Joint Session of Congress, September 11, 1990\nPresident Bush's \"new world order\" most directly resembles which of the following?",
	"options": [
	"Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points",
	"The Truman Doctrine",
	"The Monroe Doctrine",
	"Theodore Roosevelt's \"Big Stick\"",
	"The Marshall Plan",
	"The Roosevelt Corollary",
	"The Domino Theory",
	"Containment policy toward the Soviet Union",
	"Richard Nixon's \"Peace with Honor\""
	],
	"reference_answer": "Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A010",
	"question": "A step-up transformer in an electrical circuit can step up",
	"options": [
	"Current and power",
	"Resistance",
	"Power",
	"Current",
	"Voltage and resistance",
	"Power and energy",
	"Neither of these",
	"Both of these",
	"energy",
	"voltage"
	],
	"reference_answer": "voltage",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A245",
	"question": "Use indirect truth tables to determine whether each set of propositions is consistent. If the set is consistent, choose an option with a consistent valuation. (There may be other consistent valuations.)\n(T \u2283 U) \u2283 (W \u2283 U)\nT \u2283 ~(U \u2283 X)\n(T \u2283 ~X) \u2283 W",
	"options": [
	"Inconsistent. Inconsistent valuation when T, U, W and X are all false",
	"Inconsistent. Inconsistent valuation when T, U, W and X are all true",
	"Consistent. Consistent valuation when T, U and X are true and W is false",
	"Consistent. Consistent valuation when U, W, and X are true and T is false",
	"Inconsistent"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Consistent. Consistent valuation when U, W, and X are true and T is false",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A031",
	"question": "In the brain stem, pathways for:",
	"options": [
	"discriminative touch decussate in the pyramids.",
	"proprioception decussate in the medial lemniscus",
	"skilled movements decussate in the corticospinal tract",
	"proprioception decussate in the pyramids",
	"skilled movements decussate in the medial lemniscus",
	"skilled motor movements decussate in the pyramids.",
	"nociception decussate in the medial lemniscus",
	"nociception decussate in the pyramids",
	"skilled motor movements decussate in the medial lemniscus",
	"discriminative touch decussate in the medial lemniscus"
	],
	"reference_answer": "skilled motor movements decussate in the pyramids.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A090",
	"question": "Mr. Langham decides to take a loan from his bank for $60 at a nominal rate of 6%. If he agrees to repay the loan in equal installments over a period of 15 months, how much will each of the monthly payments be?",
	"options": [
	"$4.60",
	"$4.30",
	"$4.70",
	"$4.50",
	"$3.80",
	"$4.00",
	"$4.10",
	"$64.50",
	"$5.00",
	"$60"
	],
	"reference_answer": "$4.30",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A205",
	"question": "The forces experienced by a test charge q for three different velocities at a point in a region characterized by electric and magnetic fields are given by F_1= q[E_0i_x + (E_0 - v_0B_0)i_y]forv_1= v_0i_x F_2= q[(E_0 + v_0B_0)i_x + E_0i_y]forv_2= v_0i_y- F_3= q[E_0i_x + E_0i_y]forv_3= v_0i_z where v_0, E_0, and B_0 are constants. FindE and B at the point.",
	"options": [
	"E= E_0 (i_x +i_y), B= B_0i_z",
	"E= E_0(i_y - i_x), B= -B_0(i_y + i_z)",
	"E= E_0(i_x + 2i_y), B= B_0(i_y - i_z)",
	"E= -E_0 (i_x +i_y), B= B_0i_z",
	"E= 0, B= B_0(i_x + i_y + i_z)",
	"E= E_0 (i_x +i_y), B= -B_0i_z",
	"E= E_0 (i_x - i_y), B= B_0i_z",
	"E= E_0i_x, B= B_0(i_x + i_y)",
	"E= 2E_0(i_x + i_y), B= 0.5B_0i_z",
	"E= -E_0i_y, B= B_0(i_x - i_z)"
	],
	"reference_answer": "E= E_0 (i_x +i_y), B= B_0i_z",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A029",
	"question": "What are the distinguishing features of the several orders of insects?",
	"options": [
	"Insects are categorized by the number of legs and the shape of their antennae",
	"Insects are divided based on their color and size",
	"Insects are differentiated by the type of soil they inhabit and their resistance to environmental changes",
	"Insects are divided into different orders based primarily upon wing structure, type of mouthparts, and the type of metamorphosis they undergo. The class Insecta is divided into two subclasses, Apterygota and Pterygota.",
	"Orders of insects are determined by the presence or absence of a coelom and the type of respiratory system",
	"Insects are grouped based on their method of locomotion and feeding times",
	"Insects are divided based on their habitat and diet",
	"Insects are classified according to their ability to produce sound and their mating rituals",
	"Insects are divided based on their lifespan and reproduction method",
	"Insect classification hinges on their social behavior and the complexity of their nests or colonies"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Insects are divided into different orders based primarily upon wing structure, type of mouthparts, and the type of metamorphosis they undergo. The class Insecta is divided into two subclasses, Apterygota and Pterygota.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A201",
	"question": "A chemist performs a neutralization reaction. She finds that 1 g of C_6H_10C_4, an acid, requires 0.768 g of KOH for completeneutralization. Determine the number of neutralizableprotons in this molecule.",
	"options": [
	"six",
	"four",
	"two",
	"zero",
	"one",
	"five",
	"nine",
	"seven",
	"three",
	"eight"
	],
	"reference_answer": "two",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A183",
	"question": "What is the refracting power of a concave mirror of radius 20 cm when the reflecting surface is in contact with (a) air (n = 1) and (b) water (n = 1.33; n denotes index of refraction)?",
	"options": [
	"30 diopters in air, 39.99 diopters in water",
	"25 diopters in air, 33.325 diopters in water",
	"20 diopters in air, 26.66 diopters in water",
	"12.5 diopters in air, 16.6625 diopters in water",
	"17.5 diopters in air, 23.325 diopters in water",
	"2.5 diopters in air, 3.3325 diopters in water",
	"15 diopters in air, 20 diopters in water",
	"10 diopters in air, 13.33 diopters in water",
	"7.5 diopters in air, 10 diopters in water",
	"5 diopters in air, 6.665 diopters in water"
	],
	"reference_answer": "10 diopters in air, 13.33 diopters in water",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A215",
	"question": "What external strategies do elites employ?",
	"options": [
	"Elites may also use economic strategies, such as the manipulation of currency or the imposition of sanctions, to maintain their power and control.",
	"An increasingly prevalent strategy among weak states has been the employment of private military or security companies and foreign mercenaries as force multipliers to secure the weak state from internal threats.",
	"Weak states seek to avoid alliances with powerful states because alliances and assistance frequently are conditional on democratization and risk penalties if they are not met.",
	"An increasingly popular means of bolstering regime security has been the expulsion of foreign workers and non-ethnic nationals and restricting borders to refugees and migrants."
	],
	"reference_answer": "An increasingly prevalent strategy among weak states has been the employment of private military or security companies and foreign mercenaries as force multipliers to secure the weak state from internal threats.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A124",
	"question": "This question refers to the following information.\nSeizing me, he led me down to the House of Darkness\u2026\nTo the house where those who enter do not come out,\nAlong the road of no return,\nTo the house where those who dwell, do without light,\nWhere dirt is their drink, their food is of clay\u2026\nWhere light cannot be seen. They dwell in the dark,\nAnd upon the door and bolt, there lies dust.\nfrom Tablet VII, The Epic of Gilgamesh, Sumeria, ca. 2100 B.C.E.\nTruth is good and its worth is lasting.\nIt has not been disturbed since the day of its creator,\nWhereas he who transgresses its ordinances is punished.\nIt lies as a path in front of even him who knows nothing.\nWrongdoing has never yet brought its venture to port\u2026\nThose whom the gods guide cannot lose themselves.\nThose to whom they forbid passage will not be able to cross the river of life.\nfrom The Maxims of Ptahhotep, Egypt, ca. 2400 B.C.E.\nThe two texts best support which of the following conclusions?",
	"options": [
	"Ancient Sumerians had a darker perspective on life than ancient Egyptians.",
	"Ancient Sumerians were more focused on the physical aspects of life than ancient Egyptians.",
	"Ancient Egyptians were more inclined than ancient Sumerians to view the afterlife as a punishment.",
	"Ancient Egyptians were more spiritual in their belief systems than ancient Sumerians.",
	"Ancient Sumerians had a more positive view of life after death than ancient Egyptians.",
	"Ancient Egyptians had a less gloomy view of the afterlife than ancient Sumerians.",
	"Ancient Egyptians were more optimistic about life after death than ancient Sumerians.",
	"Ancient Egyptians suffered under a more rigid social hierarchy than ancient Sumerians.",
	"Ancient Egyptians were more inclined than ancient Sumerians to view political obedience as morally proper.",
	"Ancient Egyptians were more patriarchal in their gender relations than ancient Sumerians."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Ancient Egyptians had a less gloomy view of the afterlife than ancient Sumerians.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A189",
	"question": "A silver wire has a resistance of 1.25 ohms at 0\u00b0C and a temperature coefficient of resistance of 0.00375/C\u00b0 . To what temperature must the wire be raised to double the resistance?",
	"options": [
	"350\u00b0C",
	"150\u00b0C",
	"320\u00b0C",
	"100\u00b0C",
	"175\u00b0C",
	"200\u00b0C",
	"400\u00b0C",
	"266\u00b0C",
	"225\u00b0C",
	"300\u00b0C"
	],
	"reference_answer": "266\u00b0C",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A021",
	"question": "Distinguish betweenapoenzymesandcofactors .",
	"options": [
	"Apoenzymes can function independently as active enzymes without the need for cofactors.",
	"Both apoenzymes and cofactors are types of vitamins essential for enzymatic reactions.",
	"Apoenzymes are the protein constituent of some enzymes and cannot perform enzymatic functions without their respective cofactors, which are smaller non-protein portions. Cofactors can perform enzymatic reactions without an apoenzyme, although at a slower rate.",
	"Apoenzymes and cofactors are interchangeable terms in enzymology",
	"Cofactors cannot function without apoenzymes",
	"Apoenzymes are small organic molecules that enhance the catalytic abilities of cofactors.",
	"Apoenzymes and cofactors are both non-protein elements of an enzyme",
	"Cofactors are only required for non-enzymatic protein functions and do not interact with apoenzymes.",
	"Cofactors are the protein constituent of some enzymes and cannot perform enzymatic functions without their respective apoenzymes, which are larger protein portions.",
	"Apoenzymes are involved in the digestion of cofactors, which are dietary minerals necessary for enzyme activity."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Apoenzymes are the protein constituent of some enzymes and cannot perform enzymatic functions without their respective cofactors, which are smaller non-protein portions. Cofactors can perform enzymatic reactions without an apoenzyme, although at a slower rate.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A221",
	"question": "This question refers to the following information.\n\"With 78 percent of the Union electorate casting ballots, Lincoln was reelected in an Electoral College landslide, 212 to McClellan's 21. The 55% popular vote for the president was the third largest in the nineteenth century, surpassed only by Jackson's first victory in 1828 and Grant's reelection in 1872. McClellan won only New Jersey, Delaware, and Kentucky. Republicans drew support from native-born farmers, skilled and professional workers, those of New England descent, younger voters, and military personnel. Democrats were strongest in the cities and among Irish- and German-Americans (the most populous immigrant groups). It has been estimated that Lincoln received 78% of the vote of Union soldiers and sailors. The figure was not necessary for his reelection, but was perhaps the margin of victory in a few close states and, more importantly, of great symbolic value. Republicans also gained seats in Congress to retain unassailable control, 149 to 42 in the House and 42 to 10 in the Senate; took back several state legislatures; and lost only the governorship of New Jersey (McClellan's home state).\"\nElection of 1864, Harpweek.com\nWhich of the following conclusions is best supported by the excerpt above?",
	"options": [
	"Republicans managed to gain control of Congress through the efforts of Lincoln to campaign on their behalf.",
	"Lincoln won the Election of 1864 due to Union successes during the Civil War.",
	"McClellan's home state, New Jersey, was the only state where he had significant support.",
	"The number of votes cast in the Election of 1864 was one of the lowest in the nineteenth century.",
	"The majority of the votes for Lincoln were from the younger demographic.",
	"The majority of Lincoln's votes came from military personnel.",
	"The Democrats' stronghold was in the rural areas and among farmers.",
	"Lincoln received more votes in the heavily populated states of the North, while McClellan won more sparsely populated states.",
	"The Emancipation Proclamation mobilized black voters in the South to vote for Lincoln in the Election of 1864.",
	"Lincoln's victory was primarily due to the support of the immigrant population."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Lincoln received more votes in the heavily populated states of the North, while McClellan won more sparsely populated states.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A231",
	"question": "What is the meaning of justiciability?",
	"options": [
	"Justiciability refers to the limitation of a State to enforce a particular right",
	"Justiciability refers to the ethical implications of a particular right",
	"Justiciability refers to the just nature or cause of a particular right",
	"Justiciability refers to the availability of legal remedies for a particular right",
	"Justiciability refers to the obligation of a State to enforce a particular Right",
	"Justiciability refers to the legal interpretation of a particular right",
	"Justiciability refers to the public perception of a particular right",
	"Justiciability refers to the courts' assessment of whether the non-enforcement of a particular rights conforms to principles of justice",
	"Justiciability refers to the political implications of a particular right",
	"Justiciability refers to the possibility of enforcement of a particular right by the relevant rights holders"
	],
	"reference_answer": "Justiciability refers to the possibility of enforcement of a particular right by the relevant rights holders",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A116",
	"question": "Securities A, B and C have an expected return of respectively 7%, 12% and 5%. What is the expected return of an equal weighted portfolio composed of Securities A and C?",
	"options": [
	"10%",
	"11%",
	"12%",
	"6.50%",
	"7.50%",
	"9%",
	"6%",
	"5%",
	"8.50%",
	"7%"
	],
	"reference_answer": "6%",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A107",
	"question": "A barometer that uses water instead of mercury will be",
	"options": [
	"more fragile",
	"shorter",
	"heavier",
	"equal in height",
	"taller",
	"less sensitive to temperature changes",
	"more expensive",
	"less accurate",
	"less reliable",
	"inoperable"
	],
	"reference_answer": "taller",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A214",
	"question": "If asked how tall a person across the street is, you can give anaccurate estimation. Discuss this perceptual phenomenon.",
	"options": [
	"The 'familiar size' phenomenon suggests that we estimate the size of an object based on how large it appears in our most recent memory.",
	"The estimation of height is based on the assumption that everyone has the same height.",
	"Our perceptual system relishes simplicity and constancy, allowing us to judge the size of an object by the combined information from the retinal image and the compensation for apparent distance, along with the assistance of 'familiar size'.",
	"Perceptual adaptation allows us to change our inherent size judgments based on the context of the surrounding environment.",
	"Estimating the height of a person across the street relies solely on the angular size of the person in our visual field.",
	"The size of an object is determined solely by its retinal image.",
	"The phenomenon of 'familiar size' hinders our ability to estimate distances.",
	"Our perceptual system accurately estimates distance based on the color intensity of the object.",
	"Our perceptual system cannot accurately judge distance.",
	"We can accurately estimate the height of a person across the street due to auditory cues that correlate with distance."
	],
	"reference_answer": "Our perceptual system relishes simplicity and constancy, allowing us to judge the size of an object by the combined information from the retinal image and the compensation for apparent distance, along with the assistance of 'familiar size'.",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A197",
	"question": "For the complex ion equilibrium for the dissociation of Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+ , calculate (1) the ratio of Cu^2+ ion to Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+ in a solution 1 M in NH_3; (2) the equilibrium concentration of NH_3 needed to attain 50 % conversion of Cu^2+ to Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+. K_a for Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+ = 2 \u00d7 10^-13.",
	"options": [
	"[Cu^2+] / [Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+] = 4 \u00d7 10^-13, [NH_3] = 7.0 \u00d7 10^-3 M",
	"[Cu^2+] / [Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+] = 3 \u00d7 10^-13, [NH_3] = 9.0 \u00d7 10^-3 M",
	"[Cu^2+] / [Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+] = 2 \u00d7 10^-12, [NH_3] = 6.0 \u00d7 10^-3 M",
	"[Cu^2+] / [Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+] = 1 \u00d7 10^-13, [NH_3] = 5.0 \u00d7 10^-3 M",
	"[Cu^2+] / [Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+] = 1 \u00d7 10^-14, [NH_3] = 4.5 \u00d7 10^-3 M",
	"[Cu^2+] / [Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+] = 2 \u00d7 10^-13, [NH_3] = 6.7 \u00d7 10^-3 M",
	"[Cu^2+] / [Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+] = 2 \u00d7 10^-14, [NH_3] = 5.7 \u00d7 10^-3 M",
	"[Cu^2+] / [Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+] = 2 \u00d7 10^-13, [NH_3] = 8.7 \u00d7 10^-3 M",
	"[Cu^2+] / [Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+] = 2 \u00d7 10^-12, [NH_3] = 7.7 \u00d7 10^-3 M",
	"[Cu^2+] / [Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+] = 5 \u00d7 10^-13, [NH_3] = 1.0 \u00d7 10^-2 M"
	],
	"reference_answer": "[Cu^2+] / [Cu(NH_3)^2_4^+] = 2 \u00d7 10^-13, [NH_3] = 6.7 \u00d7 10^-3 M",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	},
	{
	"id": "A172",
	"question": "In water vapor at 25\u00b0C, what is the average speed of a water molecule in meters/sec? Recall that 1 Joule = 1Kg-m^2/sec^2. The Boltzmann constant, k = 1.3806 \u00d7 10^-23 J/deg.",
	"options": [
	"500 m/sec",
	"700 m/sec",
	"550 m/sec",
	"480 m/sec",
	"642 m/sec",
	"750 m/sec",
	"430 m/sec",
	"600 m/sec",
	"690 m/sec",
	"800 m/sec"
	],
	"reference_answer": "642 m/sec",
	"converts": "",
	"answer_stands_alone": "",
	"why": ""
	}
	]