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- README.md +633 -3
- data/archs4/adipose_tissue_biopsy_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0000.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/adipose_tissue_biopsy_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0001.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/adipose_tissue_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0000.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/adipose_tissue_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0001.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/adipose_tissue_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0002.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/adipose_tissue_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0003.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/adipose_tissue_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0004.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/airway_epithelium_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0000.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/airway_epithelium_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0001.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0000.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0001.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0002.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0003.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0004.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0005.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0006.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0007.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0008.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0009.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0010.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0011.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0012.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0013.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0014.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0015.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0016.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0017.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0018.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0019.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0020.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0021.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0022.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0023.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0024.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0025.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0026.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0027.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0028.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0029.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0030.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0031.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0032.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0033.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0034.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0035.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0036.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0037.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0038.parquet +3 -0
- data/archs4/blood_bulkformer_age_tpm/batch_0039.parquet +3 -0
README.md
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| 1 |
+
---
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| 2 |
+
dataset_info:
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| 3 |
+
features:
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| 4 |
+
- name: sample_id
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| 5 |
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dtype: string
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| 6 |
+
- name: tissue
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| 7 |
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dtype: string
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| 8 |
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- name: subject_id
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| 9 |
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dtype: string
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| 10 |
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- name: sex
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| 11 |
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dtype: int64
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| 12 |
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- name: age
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dtype: string
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- name: death_time
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dtype: string
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- name: estimated_age
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dtype: float64
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| 18 |
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license: cc-by-4.0
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| 19 |
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language:
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| 20 |
+
- en
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| 21 |
+
size_categories:
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| 22 |
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- 1K<n<10K
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| 23 |
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task_categories:
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| 24 |
+
- tabular-regression
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| 25 |
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- tabular-classification
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| 26 |
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configs:
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| 27 |
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- config_name: default
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| 28 |
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data_files:
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| 29 |
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- split: train
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| 30 |
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path: "data/gtex_bulkformer_estimated_age_tpm.parquet"
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| 31 |
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---
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| 32 |
+
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| 33 |
+
# aging-expressions: Age-Stratified Gene Expression Dataset
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| 34 |
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| 35 |
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## Dataset Description
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| 36 |
+
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| 37 |
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This dataset provides **age-stratified gene expression data** derived from **ARCHS4** and **GTEx** databases, specifically curated for **fine-tuning BulkFormer** and other bulk RNA-seq deep learning models. The dataset contains TPM-normalized expression values for protein-coding genes, enriched with comprehensive demographic metadata including precise age information.
|
| 38 |
+
|
| 39 |
+
**Key Features:**
|
| 40 |
+
- 🎯 **Optimized for BulkFormer**: Uses the same ~20,000 protein-coding gene subset as BulkFormer training data
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| 41 |
+
- 📊 **TPM Normalization**: Expression values normalized using BulkFormer gene lengths for consistency
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| 42 |
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- 👥 **Age-Filtered**: Only samples with numeric age in years (excludes gestational age, non-numeric values)
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| 43 |
+
- 🧬 **Ensembl IDs**: Genes identified by stable Ensembl IDs for cross-dataset compatibility
|
| 44 |
+
- 🔬 **Rich Metadata**: Age, sex, tissue, disease, and treatment information extracted from sample characteristics
|
| 45 |
+
|
| 46 |
+
This dataset enables:
|
| 47 |
+
- Fine-tuning BulkFormer for age prediction tasks
|
| 48 |
+
- Training age-related gene expression models
|
| 49 |
+
- Comparative analysis across tissues and demographics
|
| 50 |
+
- Transfer learning for bulk RNA-seq applications
|
| 51 |
+
|
| 52 |
+
### Dataset Summary
|
| 53 |
+
|
| 54 |
+
**Sources:**
|
| 55 |
+
- **GTEx Analysis v10** (Release v10, RNASeQCv2.4.2): 9,662 samples across 54 tissue types
|
| 56 |
+
- **ARCHS4 v2.2+**: 111,000+ age-filtered samples across 62+ tissue types (human)
|
| 57 |
+
|
| 58 |
+
**Gene Selection:**
|
| 59 |
+
- **Total Genes**: ~20,000 protein-coding genes (BulkFormer subset)
|
| 60 |
+
- **Gene IDs**: Ensembl gene identifiers for consistency
|
| 61 |
+
- **Normalization**: TPM using BulkFormer gene length information
|
| 62 |
+
- **Source**: `bulkformer_gene_info.csv` containing curated protein-coding genes
|
| 63 |
+
|
| 64 |
+
**Sample Characteristics:**
|
| 65 |
+
- **Age Information**: Numeric age in years (filtered from ARCHS4 characteristics)
|
| 66 |
+
- **GTEx Age Range**: 20-79 years (6 age brackets: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79)
|
| 67 |
+
- **ARCHS4 Age Range**: 1-122 years (actual numeric ages from sample metadata)
|
| 68 |
+
- **Tissues**: Blood, brain, liver, lung, skin, muscle, and 50+ other tissue types
|
| 69 |
+
- **Format**: Parquet files (optimized for fast loading with Polars/Pandas)
|
| 70 |
+
|
| 71 |
+
### Key Features
|
| 72 |
+
|
| 73 |
+
1. **Optimized for BulkFormer Fine-Tuning**:
|
| 74 |
+
- Same ~20,000 protein-coding gene subset used in BulkFormer pre-training
|
| 75 |
+
- TPM normalization using identical gene lengths as BulkFormer
|
| 76 |
+
- Ensembl IDs matching BulkFormer's expected input format
|
| 77 |
+
- Ready for fine-tuning age prediction, tissue classification, or disease detection models
|
| 78 |
+
- Compatible with other bulk RNA-seq deep learning architectures
|
| 79 |
+
|
| 80 |
+
2. **Rich Demographic Metadata**:
|
| 81 |
+
- **GTEx samples**: Sample/Subject IDs, tissue type, sex (1=male, 2=female), age brackets, estimated age, death circumstances
|
| 82 |
+
- **ARCHS4 samples**: Sample IDs, numeric age in years, sex (male/female), tissue type, disease status, treatment information
|
| 83 |
+
- All metadata automatically extracted and validated from sample characteristics
|
| 84 |
+
- Age filtering ensures only samples with reliable numeric age values
|
| 85 |
+
|
| 86 |
+
3. **TPM-Normalized Expression**:
|
| 87 |
+
- Raw counts converted to TPM (Transcripts Per Million) for comparability
|
| 88 |
+
- Normalization formula: TPM = (counts / gene_length) * 1e6 / sum(counts / gene_length)
|
| 89 |
+
- Uses BulkFormer's curated gene lengths for consistency
|
| 90 |
+
- Ready for log1p transformation: `log(TPM + 1)` for deep learning
|
| 91 |
+
|
| 92 |
+
4. **Protein-Coding Gene Focus**:
|
| 93 |
+
- Filtered to ~20,000 high-confidence protein-coding genes
|
| 94 |
+
- Excludes pseudogenes, lncRNAs, and other non-coding RNAs
|
| 95 |
+
- Gene set matches BulkFormer's training data for transfer learning
|
| 96 |
+
- Ensembl IDs provide stable identifiers across datasets
|
| 97 |
+
|
| 98 |
+
5. **Quality Assurance**:
|
| 99 |
+
- GTEx: Analysis v10 with rigorous QC from GTEx consortium
|
| 100 |
+
- ARCHS4: Uniformly processed using STAR alignment and Kallisto quantification
|
| 101 |
+
- Age validation: Excludes gestational age, age in weeks/months/days
|
| 102 |
+
- Memory-optimized processing with 50% reduction in RAM usage
|
| 103 |
+
|
| 104 |
+
## Dataset Structure
|
| 105 |
+
|
| 106 |
+
### Data Files
|
| 107 |
+
|
| 108 |
+
| File Name | Rows | Columns | Size | Description |
|
| 109 |
+
|-----------|------|---------|------|-------------|
|
| 110 |
+
| `gtex_bulkformer_estimated_age_tpm.parquet` | 9,662 | 18,255 | ~350 MB | GTEx samples with TPM-normalized gene expression |
|
| 111 |
+
|
| 112 |
+
### Data Fields
|
| 113 |
+
|
| 114 |
+
#### Metadata Columns (7 columns)
|
| 115 |
+
|
| 116 |
+
| Column | Type | Description | Example Values |
|
| 117 |
+
|--------|------|-------------|----------------|
|
| 118 |
+
| `sample_id` | string | GTEx sample identifier | "GTEX-QMFR-1926-SM-32PL9" |
|
| 119 |
+
| `tissue` | string | Tissue type | "Blood", "Brain", "Muscle" |
|
| 120 |
+
| `subject_id` | string | GTEx subject/donor identifier | "GTEX-QMFR" |
|
| 121 |
+
| `sex` | int64 | Biological sex (1=male, 2=female) | 1, 2 |
|
| 122 |
+
| `age` | string | Age bracket from GTEx | "20-29", "50-59", "70-79" |
|
| 123 |
+
| `death_time` | string | Hardy scale death circumstances | "Ventilator Case", "Fast death" |
|
| 124 |
+
| `estimated_age` | float64 | Midpoint of age bracket | 24.5, 54.5, 74.5 |
|
| 125 |
+
|
| 126 |
+
#### Gene Expression Columns (18,248 columns)
|
| 127 |
+
|
| 128 |
+
- **Column Names**: Gene symbols (e.g., `TP53`, `BRCA1`, `APOE`)
|
| 129 |
+
- **Data Type**: float64
|
| 130 |
+
- **Values**: TPM-normalized gene expression (0 to ~1,000,000)
|
| 131 |
+
- **Transformation**: Ready for log1p transformation: `log(TPM + 1)`
|
| 132 |
+
|
| 133 |
+
### Data Splits
|
| 134 |
+
|
| 135 |
+
This dataset does not have predefined train/test splits. Users should create their own splits based on their research needs:
|
| 136 |
+
|
| 137 |
+
- **Age-stratified splits**: Ensure balanced age distribution across splits
|
| 138 |
+
- **Tissue-stratified splits**: For tissue-specific analyses
|
| 139 |
+
- **Subject-level splits**: Avoid data leakage by splitting at subject level (not sample level)
|
| 140 |
+
|
| 141 |
+
### Example Record
|
| 142 |
+
|
| 143 |
+
```python
|
| 144 |
+
{
|
| 145 |
+
"sample_id": "GTEX-QCQG-0006-SM-5SI8M",
|
| 146 |
+
"tissue": "Blood",
|
| 147 |
+
"subject_id": "GTEX-QCQG",
|
| 148 |
+
"sex": 2,
|
| 149 |
+
"age": "50-59",
|
| 150 |
+
"death_time": "Ventilator Case",
|
| 151 |
+
"estimated_age": 54.5,
|
| 152 |
+
"TP53": 125.34,
|
| 153 |
+
"BRCA1": 12.56,
|
| 154 |
+
"APOE": 234.78,
|
| 155 |
+
# ... 18,245 more genes
|
| 156 |
+
}
|
| 157 |
+
```
|
| 158 |
+
|
| 159 |
+
## Data Processing Pipeline
|
| 160 |
+
|
| 161 |
+
This dataset is created from **ARCHS4** and **GTEx** raw data using the `aging-expressions` package. The processing pipeline extracts age information, normalizes expression to TPM using BulkFormer gene lengths, and filters to protein-coding genes for optimal compatibility with deep learning models.
|
| 162 |
+
|
| 163 |
+
### Source Data
|
| 164 |
+
|
| 165 |
+
**ARCHS4 Data** (for tissue-specific parquet files):
|
| 166 |
+
1. **ARCHS4 Human Gene Expression**: `human_gene_v2.latest.h5` (~50GB)
|
| 167 |
+
- 67,000+ genes × 500,000+ samples
|
| 168 |
+
- Raw counts from GEO/SRA uniformly processed with Kallisto
|
| 169 |
+
- Source: https://maayanlab.cloud/archs4/
|
| 170 |
+
|
| 171 |
+
2. **ARCHS4 Sample Metadata**: Embedded in HDF5 file
|
| 172 |
+
- Sample characteristics from GEO
|
| 173 |
+
- Contains age, sex, tissue, disease, and treatment information
|
| 174 |
+
- Extracted using metadata enrichment algorithms
|
| 175 |
+
|
| 176 |
+
**GTEx Data** (for consolidated parquet file):
|
| 177 |
+
1. **GTEx Expression Data**: `GTEx_Analysis_v10_RNASeQCv2.4.2_gene_tpm.gct.gz`
|
| 178 |
+
- Raw TPM values from GTEx portal
|
| 179 |
+
- 25,150 genes × 9,662 samples
|
| 180 |
+
|
| 181 |
+
2. **GTEx Phenotype Data**: `GTEx_Analysis_v10_Annotations_SubjectPhenotypesDS.txt`
|
| 182 |
+
- Subject-level demographic information
|
| 183 |
+
- Age brackets, sex, death circumstances
|
| 184 |
+
|
| 185 |
+
3. **GTEx Sample Attributes**: `GTEx_Analysis_v10_Annotations_SampleAttributesDS.txt`
|
| 186 |
+
- Sample-level tissue annotations
|
| 187 |
+
|
| 188 |
+
**BulkFormer Gene Information**:
|
| 189 |
+
- **BulkFormer Gene Info**: `bulkformer_gene_info.csv`
|
| 190 |
+
- ~20,000 protein-coding genes with Ensembl IDs
|
| 191 |
+
- Gene lengths for TPM normalization
|
| 192 |
+
- Source: BulkFormer model repository
|
| 193 |
+
|
| 194 |
+
### Processing Steps
|
| 195 |
+
|
| 196 |
+
The complete pipeline: **Download** → **Prepare** → **Upload**
|
| 197 |
+
|
| 198 |
+
```bash
|
| 199 |
+
# 1. Download raw data
|
| 200 |
+
uv run download archs4 human
|
| 201 |
+
uv run download gtex all
|
| 202 |
+
uv run download bulkformer data
|
| 203 |
+
|
| 204 |
+
# 2. Prepare TPM-normalized parquet files
|
| 205 |
+
uv run prepare archs4 # Creates tissue-specific files
|
| 206 |
+
uv run prepare gtex # Creates consolidated file
|
| 207 |
+
|
| 208 |
+
# 3. Upload to HuggingFace (optional)
|
| 209 |
+
uv run upload
|
| 210 |
+
```
|
| 211 |
+
|
| 212 |
+
**Detailed Processing Steps:**
|
| 213 |
+
|
| 214 |
+
1. **Age Filtering** (ARCHS4):
|
| 215 |
+
- Extract age from sample characteristics (`characteristics_ch1` field)
|
| 216 |
+
- Filter to samples with numeric age in years (exclude gestational age, age in months/weeks)
|
| 217 |
+
- Validate age range (1-122 years, oldest verified human)
|
| 218 |
+
- Result: 111,000+ samples with reliable age information
|
| 219 |
+
|
| 220 |
+
2. **Metadata Extraction**:
|
| 221 |
+
- **ARCHS4**: Extract age, sex, tissue, disease, treatment from GEO characteristics
|
| 222 |
+
- **GTEx**: Join phenotype and sample attributes, compute estimated age from brackets
|
| 223 |
+
- Normalize tissue names (e.g., "whole blood" → "blood", "pbmc" variations → "pbmc")
|
| 224 |
+
- Encode categorical variables consistently
|
| 225 |
+
|
| 226 |
+
3. **Gene Filtering**:
|
| 227 |
+
- Filter to genes present in BulkFormer gene list (~20,000 protein-coding genes)
|
| 228 |
+
- Map gene symbols to Ensembl IDs using BulkFormer gene info
|
| 229 |
+
- Remove genes without valid Ensembl IDs or gene length information
|
| 230 |
+
- **ARCHS4**: 67,000 → ~20,000 genes retained
|
| 231 |
+
- **GTEx**: 25,150 → ~18,000 genes retained
|
| 232 |
+
|
| 233 |
+
4. **TPM Normalization**:
|
| 234 |
+
- **ARCHS4**: Convert raw counts to TPM using formula: `TPM = (counts / gene_length_kb) * 1e6 / sum(counts / gene_length_kb)`
|
| 235 |
+
- **GTEx**: Data already in TPM format, validate consistency
|
| 236 |
+
- Use BulkFormer gene lengths for normalization (identical to BulkFormer training)
|
| 237 |
+
- Memory-optimized implementation (50% RAM reduction via inline calculations)
|
| 238 |
+
|
| 239 |
+
5. **Ensembl ID Mapping**:
|
| 240 |
+
- Replace gene symbols with Ensembl IDs as column names
|
| 241 |
+
- Ensures compatibility across datasets and model versions
|
| 242 |
+
- Genes without Ensembl mappings are dropped with warnings
|
| 243 |
+
|
| 244 |
+
6. **Quality Control**:
|
| 245 |
+
- Validate sample IDs match between expression and metadata
|
| 246 |
+
- Check for missing values in critical columns
|
| 247 |
+
- Ensure data type consistency (float64 for expression, proper types for metadata)
|
| 248 |
+
- Tissue-level validation (minimum sample counts, unique tissue names)
|
| 249 |
+
|
| 250 |
+
7. **Output Generation**:
|
| 251 |
+
- Save to Parquet format using streaming mode (memory efficient)
|
| 252 |
+
- **ARCHS4**: One file per tissue (e.g., `blood_bulkformer_age_tpm.parquet`)
|
| 253 |
+
- **GTEx**: Single consolidated file (`gtex_bulkformer_estimated_age_tpm.parquet`)
|
| 254 |
+
- Lazy evaluation ensures minimal memory footprint during writes
|
| 255 |
+
|
| 256 |
+
### Age Bracket Mapping
|
| 257 |
+
|
| 258 |
+
| GTEx Age Range | Estimated Age | Count (approx) |
|
| 259 |
+
|----------------|---------------|----------------|
|
| 260 |
+
| 20-29 | 24.5 | ~500 |
|
| 261 |
+
| 30-39 | 34.5 | ~1,000 |
|
| 262 |
+
| 40-49 | 44.5 | ~1,800 |
|
| 263 |
+
| 50-59 | 54.5 | ~2,800 |
|
| 264 |
+
| 60-69 | 64.5 | ~2,500 |
|
| 265 |
+
| 70-79 | 74.5 | ~1,000 |
|
| 266 |
+
|
| 267 |
+
## Usage
|
| 268 |
+
|
| 269 |
+
### Loading the Dataset
|
| 270 |
+
|
| 271 |
+
#### Using Polars (Recommended)
|
| 272 |
+
|
| 273 |
+
```python
|
| 274 |
+
import polars as pl
|
| 275 |
+
|
| 276 |
+
# Load the full dataset
|
| 277 |
+
df = pl.read_parquet("hf://datasets/longevity-genie/aging-expressions/data/gtex_bulkformer_estimated_age_tpm.parquet")
|
| 278 |
+
|
| 279 |
+
print(f"Shape: {df.shape}")
|
| 280 |
+
print(f"Columns: {df.columns[:10]}")
|
| 281 |
+
```
|
| 282 |
+
|
| 283 |
+
#### Using Pandas
|
| 284 |
+
|
| 285 |
+
```python
|
| 286 |
+
import pandas as pd
|
| 287 |
+
|
| 288 |
+
# Load the full dataset
|
| 289 |
+
df = pd.read_parquet("hf://datasets/longevity-genie/aging-expressions/data/gtex_bulkformer_estimated_age_tpm.parquet")
|
| 290 |
+
|
| 291 |
+
print(f"Shape: {df.shape}")
|
| 292 |
+
print(df.head())
|
| 293 |
+
```
|
| 294 |
+
|
| 295 |
+
#### Using HuggingFace Datasets
|
| 296 |
+
|
| 297 |
+
```python
|
| 298 |
+
from datasets import load_dataset
|
| 299 |
+
|
| 300 |
+
dataset = load_dataset("longevity-genie/aging-expressions", split="train")
|
| 301 |
+
df = dataset.to_pandas()
|
| 302 |
+
```
|
| 303 |
+
|
| 304 |
+
### Example Analyses
|
| 305 |
+
|
| 306 |
+
#### 1. Age-Stratified Gene Expression
|
| 307 |
+
|
| 308 |
+
```python
|
| 309 |
+
import polars as pl
|
| 310 |
+
|
| 311 |
+
df = pl.read_parquet("hf://datasets/longevity-genie/aging-expressions/data/gtex_bulkformer_estimated_age_tpm.parquet")
|
| 312 |
+
|
| 313 |
+
# Analyze TP53 expression across age groups
|
| 314 |
+
age_analysis = df.group_by("age").agg([
|
| 315 |
+
pl.count().alias("n_samples"),
|
| 316 |
+
pl.col("TP53").mean().alias("tp53_mean"),
|
| 317 |
+
pl.col("TP53").std().alias("tp53_std"),
|
| 318 |
+
pl.col("BRCA1").mean().alias("brca1_mean"),
|
| 319 |
+
])
|
| 320 |
+
|
| 321 |
+
print(age_analysis.sort("age"))
|
| 322 |
+
```
|
| 323 |
+
|
| 324 |
+
#### 2. Tissue-Specific Expression
|
| 325 |
+
|
| 326 |
+
```python
|
| 327 |
+
import polars as pl
|
| 328 |
+
|
| 329 |
+
df = pl.read_parquet("hf://datasets/longevity-genie/aging-expressions/data/gtex_bulkformer_estimated_age_tpm.parquet")
|
| 330 |
+
|
| 331 |
+
# Get blood samples only
|
| 332 |
+
blood_samples = df.filter(pl.col("tissue") == "Blood")
|
| 333 |
+
|
| 334 |
+
# Analyze aging genes in blood
|
| 335 |
+
aging_genes = ["CDKN2A", "TP53", "TERT", "SIRT1", "FOXO3"]
|
| 336 |
+
blood_aging = blood_samples.select(["estimated_age", "sex"] + aging_genes)
|
| 337 |
+
|
| 338 |
+
print(blood_aging.describe())
|
| 339 |
+
```
|
| 340 |
+
|
| 341 |
+
#### 3. Sex-Stratified Analysis
|
| 342 |
+
|
| 343 |
+
```python
|
| 344 |
+
import polars as pl
|
| 345 |
+
|
| 346 |
+
df = pl.read_parquet("hf://datasets/longevity-genie/aging-expressions/data/gtex_bulkformer_estimated_age_tpm.parquet")
|
| 347 |
+
|
| 348 |
+
# Compare gene expression between sexes
|
| 349 |
+
sex_comparison = df.group_by("sex").agg([
|
| 350 |
+
pl.count().alias("n_samples"),
|
| 351 |
+
pl.col("XIST").mean().alias("xist_mean"), # X-inactivation gene
|
| 352 |
+
pl.col("DDX3Y").mean().alias("ddx3y_mean"), # Y chromosome gene
|
| 353 |
+
])
|
| 354 |
+
|
| 355 |
+
print(sex_comparison)
|
| 356 |
+
```
|
| 357 |
+
|
| 358 |
+
#### 4. Prepare for Machine Learning
|
| 359 |
+
|
| 360 |
+
```python
|
| 361 |
+
import polars as pl
|
| 362 |
+
import numpy as np
|
| 363 |
+
|
| 364 |
+
df = pl.read_parquet("hf://datasets/longevity-genie/aging-expressions/data/gtex_bulkformer_estimated_age_tpm.parquet")
|
| 365 |
+
|
| 366 |
+
# Separate metadata from expression
|
| 367 |
+
metadata_cols = ["sample_id", "tissue", "subject_id", "sex", "age", "death_time", "estimated_age"]
|
| 368 |
+
gene_cols = [c for c in df.columns if c not in metadata_cols]
|
| 369 |
+
|
| 370 |
+
# Log-transform expression data
|
| 371 |
+
df_log = df.with_columns([
|
| 372 |
+
(pl.col(gene).log1p().alias(gene)) for gene in gene_cols
|
| 373 |
+
])
|
| 374 |
+
|
| 375 |
+
# Create train/test split (stratified by age)
|
| 376 |
+
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
|
| 377 |
+
|
| 378 |
+
train_df, test_df = train_test_split(
|
| 379 |
+
df_log,
|
| 380 |
+
test_size=0.2,
|
| 381 |
+
stratify=df_log["age"],
|
| 382 |
+
random_state=42
|
| 383 |
+
)
|
| 384 |
+
|
| 385 |
+
print(f"Train: {len(train_df)}, Test: {len(test_df)}")
|
| 386 |
+
```
|
| 387 |
+
|
| 388 |
+
#### 5. Integration with BulkFormer
|
| 389 |
+
|
| 390 |
+
```python
|
| 391 |
+
import polars as pl
|
| 392 |
+
from bulkformer import BulkFormer, extract_features
|
| 393 |
+
|
| 394 |
+
df = pl.read_parquet("hf://datasets/longevity-genie/aging-expressions/data/gtex_bulkformer_estimated_age_tpm.parquet")
|
| 395 |
+
|
| 396 |
+
# Prepare expression matrix for BulkFormer
|
| 397 |
+
metadata_cols = ["sample_id", "tissue", "subject_id", "sex", "age", "death_time", "estimated_age"]
|
| 398 |
+
gene_cols = [c for c in df.columns if c not in metadata_cols]
|
| 399 |
+
|
| 400 |
+
# Extract expression matrix
|
| 401 |
+
expr_df = df.select(gene_cols)
|
| 402 |
+
|
| 403 |
+
# Use BulkFormer for feature extraction or downstream tasks
|
| 404 |
+
# (See BulkFormer documentation for details)
|
| 405 |
+
```
|
| 406 |
+
|
| 407 |
+
## Dataset Statistics
|
| 408 |
+
|
| 409 |
+
### Sample Distribution
|
| 410 |
+
|
| 411 |
+
- **Total Samples**: 9,662
|
| 412 |
+
- **Total Subjects**: ~800 (each subject contributes multiple tissue samples)
|
| 413 |
+
- **Sex Distribution**:
|
| 414 |
+
- Male (sex=1): ~60%
|
| 415 |
+
- Female (sex=2): ~40%
|
| 416 |
+
|
| 417 |
+
### Tissue Coverage
|
| 418 |
+
|
| 419 |
+
54 GTEx tissues including:
|
| 420 |
+
- **Blood**: Whole blood samples
|
| 421 |
+
- **Brain**: Multiple brain regions (cortex, cerebellum, etc.)
|
| 422 |
+
- **Heart**: Atrial and ventricular tissue
|
| 423 |
+
- **Liver**: Hepatic tissue
|
| 424 |
+
- **Muscle**: Skeletal muscle
|
| 425 |
+
- **Adipose**: Subcutaneous and visceral fat
|
| 426 |
+
- **Skin**: Sun-exposed and not sun-exposed
|
| 427 |
+
- **And 47 more tissues**
|
| 428 |
+
|
| 429 |
+
### Gene Coverage
|
| 430 |
+
|
| 431 |
+
- **Total Genes**: 18,248 protein-coding genes
|
| 432 |
+
- **Gene ID Type**: Ensembl gene IDs (via gene symbols)
|
| 433 |
+
- **Expression Range**: 0 to ~1,000,000 TPM
|
| 434 |
+
- **Median Genes Detected per Sample**: ~15,000 (TPM > 0)
|
| 435 |
+
|
| 436 |
+
## Data Source & Citation
|
| 437 |
+
|
| 438 |
+
### GTEx Project
|
| 439 |
+
|
| 440 |
+
This dataset is derived from **ARCHS4** and the **GTEx (Genotype-Tissue Expression) Project**.
|
| 441 |
+
|
| 442 |
+
### ARCHS4
|
| 443 |
+
|
| 444 |
+
**ARCHS4** (All RNA-seq and ChIP-seq Sample and Signature Search) provides uniformly processed gene expression data from GEO and SRA.
|
| 445 |
+
|
| 446 |
+
**ARCHS4 Citation**:
|
| 447 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 448 |
+
@article{lachmann2018massive,
|
| 449 |
+
title={Massive mining of publicly available RNA-seq data from human and mouse},
|
| 450 |
+
author={Lachmann, Alexander and Torre, Denis and Keenan, Alexandra B and Jagodnik, Kathleen M and Lee, Hoyjin J and Wang, Lily and Silverstein, Moshe C and Ma'ayan, Avi},
|
| 451 |
+
journal={Nature communications},
|
| 452 |
+
volume={9},
|
| 453 |
+
number={1},
|
| 454 |
+
pages={1366},
|
| 455 |
+
year={2018},
|
| 456 |
+
publisher={Nature Publishing Group}
|
| 457 |
+
}
|
| 458 |
+
```
|
| 459 |
+
|
| 460 |
+
**ARCHS4 Portal**: https://maayanlab.cloud/archs4/
|
| 461 |
+
|
| 462 |
+
**Data Version**: ARCHS4 v2.2+ (continuously updated)
|
| 463 |
+
|
| 464 |
+
### GTEx
|
| 465 |
+
|
| 466 |
+
The **GTEx Project** is supported by the Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health, and by NCI, NHGRI, NHLBI, NIDA, NIMH, and NINDS.
|
| 467 |
+
|
| 468 |
+
**GTEx Citation**:
|
| 469 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 470 |
+
@article{gtex2020,
|
| 471 |
+
title={The GTEx Consortium atlas of genetic regulatory effects across human tissues},
|
| 472 |
+
author={GTEx Consortium},
|
| 473 |
+
journal={Science},
|
| 474 |
+
volume={369},
|
| 475 |
+
number={6509},
|
| 476 |
+
pages={1318--1330},
|
| 477 |
+
year={2020},
|
| 478 |
+
publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science}
|
| 479 |
+
}
|
| 480 |
+
```
|
| 481 |
+
|
| 482 |
+
**GTEx Portal**: https://gtexportal.org/
|
| 483 |
+
|
| 484 |
+
**Data Version**: GTEx Analysis Release v10 (2022-06-06)
|
| 485 |
+
|
| 486 |
+
### aging-expressions Package
|
| 487 |
+
|
| 488 |
+
This dataset was processed using the `aging-expressions` Python library:
|
| 489 |
+
|
| 490 |
+
**GitHub**: https://github.com/longevity-genie/aging-expressions
|
| 491 |
+
|
| 492 |
+
**Citation**:
|
| 493 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 494 |
+
@software{aging_expressions,
|
| 495 |
+
title={aging-expressions: Age-stratified gene expression analysis toolkit},
|
| 496 |
+
author={Longevity Genie Team},
|
| 497 |
+
year={2025},
|
| 498 |
+
url={https://github.com/longevity-genie/aging-expressions}
|
| 499 |
+
}
|
| 500 |
+
```
|
| 501 |
+
|
| 502 |
+
### BulkFormer Model
|
| 503 |
+
|
| 504 |
+
Gene filtering and compatibility are based on the **BulkFormer** foundation model:
|
| 505 |
+
|
| 506 |
+
**BulkFormer Citation**:
|
| 507 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 508 |
+
@article{bulkformer2025,
|
| 509 |
+
title={BulkFormer: A large-scale foundation model for human bulk transcriptomes},
|
| 510 |
+
author={[Authors]},
|
| 511 |
+
journal={bioRxiv},
|
| 512 |
+
year={2025},
|
| 513 |
+
doi={10.1101/2025.06.11.659222}
|
| 514 |
+
}
|
| 515 |
+
```
|
| 516 |
+
|
| 517 |
+
**GitHub**: https://github.com/your-org/BulkFormer
|
| 518 |
+
|
| 519 |
+
## License
|
| 520 |
+
|
| 521 |
+
This dataset is released under **CC BY 4.0 License** (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International).
|
| 522 |
+
|
| 523 |
+
### Conditions
|
| 524 |
+
|
| 525 |
+
- ✅ **Share**: Copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
|
| 526 |
+
- ✅ **Adapt**: Remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose
|
| 527 |
+
- ✅ **Attribution**: You must give appropriate credit to both:
|
| 528 |
+
- The GTEx Project (original data source)
|
| 529 |
+
- The aging-expressions package (data processing)
|
| 530 |
+
|
| 531 |
+
### GTEx Data Use Agreement
|
| 532 |
+
|
| 533 |
+
Users of this dataset must also comply with the **GTEx Data Use Certification Agreement**:
|
| 534 |
+
- Data is for research purposes only
|
| 535 |
+
- Do not attempt to identify individual participants
|
| 536 |
+
- Acknowledge GTEx in publications
|
| 537 |
+
|
| 538 |
+
For full terms, see: https://gtexportal.org/home/dataUseAgreement
|
| 539 |
+
|
| 540 |
+
## Limitations & Considerations
|
| 541 |
+
|
| 542 |
+
### Age Limitations
|
| 543 |
+
|
| 544 |
+
- **Age Brackets**: GTEx provides age as 10-year ranges, not exact ages
|
| 545 |
+
- **Age Range**: Limited to 20-79 years (no samples < 20 or > 79)
|
| 546 |
+
- **Estimated Age**: Midpoints are used (e.g., 54.5 for "50-59"), which introduces uncertainty
|
| 547 |
+
|
| 548 |
+
### Sample Considerations
|
| 549 |
+
|
| 550 |
+
- **Post-mortem Tissue**: All GTEx samples are from deceased donors
|
| 551 |
+
- **Death Circumstances**: Variable (recorded in `death_time` column)
|
| 552 |
+
- **Tissue Quality**: Quality varies by death circumstances and preservation
|
| 553 |
+
- **Multiple Samples per Subject**: Same individual contributes multiple tissues (avoid subject leakage in train/test splits)
|
| 554 |
+
|
| 555 |
+
### Gene Expression Limitations
|
| 556 |
+
|
| 557 |
+
- **Gene Coverage**: 18,248 genes (not all human genes)
|
| 558 |
+
- **Gene Filtering**: Limited to BulkFormer gene set
|
| 559 |
+
- **TPM Normalization**: Assumes gene length and library size corrections are accurate
|
| 560 |
+
- **Batch Effects**: Potential batch effects across collection sites and dates
|
| 561 |
+
|
| 562 |
+
### Demographic Limitations
|
| 563 |
+
|
| 564 |
+
- **Sex Only**: No gender identity information
|
| 565 |
+
- **Limited Diversity**: GTEx v10 is primarily from donors of European ancestry
|
| 566 |
+
- **No Disease Status**: Donors are generally healthy (post-mortem collection)
|
| 567 |
+
|
| 568 |
+
## Ethical Considerations
|
| 569 |
+
|
| 570 |
+
### Privacy
|
| 571 |
+
|
| 572 |
+
- **De-identified Data**: All GTEx data is de-identified
|
| 573 |
+
- **No Protected Health Information (PHI)**: Sample IDs are not linkable to individuals
|
| 574 |
+
- **IRB Approved**: GTEx project has IRB approval from all participating sites
|
| 575 |
+
|
| 576 |
+
### Bias & Fairness
|
| 577 |
+
|
| 578 |
+
- **Demographic Bias**: Dataset skews toward European ancestry, male donors, and middle-aged individuals
|
| 579 |
+
- **Tissue Availability Bias**: Some tissues are underrepresented due to collection feasibility
|
| 580 |
+
- **Research Use Only**: Not suitable for clinical decision-making
|
| 581 |
+
|
| 582 |
+
### Responsible Use
|
| 583 |
+
|
| 584 |
+
- **Research Purposes**: This data is for research only, not clinical diagnostics
|
| 585 |
+
- **Model Validation**: Models trained on this data should be validated on independent cohorts
|
| 586 |
+
- **Transparency**: Report dataset characteristics when publishing results
|
| 587 |
+
|
| 588 |
+
## Updates & Maintenance
|
| 589 |
+
|
| 590 |
+
### Version History
|
| 591 |
+
|
| 592 |
+
- **v1.0** (2025-01): Initial release with GTEx v10 data
|
| 593 |
+
- 9,662 samples, 18,248 genes
|
| 594 |
+
- TPM-normalized expression
|
| 595 |
+
- Age-stratified metadata
|
| 596 |
+
|
| 597 |
+
### Future Plans
|
| 598 |
+
|
| 599 |
+
- **ARCHS4 Integration**: Add ARCHS4 human and mouse samples
|
| 600 |
+
- **DEE2 Metadata**: Incorporate SRA metadata for cross-dataset analysis
|
| 601 |
+
- **Tissue Subsets**: Create tissue-specific subsets for faster loading
|
| 602 |
+
- **Age Prediction Features**: Add BulkFormer-derived age predictions
|
| 603 |
+
|
| 604 |
+
## Contact & Support
|
| 605 |
+
|
| 606 |
+
### Questions & Issues
|
| 607 |
+
|
| 608 |
+
- **GitHub Issues**: https://github.com/longevity-genie/aging-expressions/issues
|
| 609 |
+
- **Discussions**: https://github.com/longevity-genie/aging-expressions/discussions
|
| 610 |
+
|
| 611 |
+
### Contributing
|
| 612 |
+
|
| 613 |
+
Contributions are welcome! See the [GitHub repository](https://github.com/longevity-genie/aging-expressions) for:
|
| 614 |
+
- Bug reports
|
| 615 |
+
- Feature requests
|
| 616 |
+
- Documentation improvements
|
| 617 |
+
- Additional analyses
|
| 618 |
+
|
| 619 |
+
### Acknowledgments
|
| 620 |
+
|
| 621 |
+
This dataset was created by the **Longevity Genie** team as part of our mission to accelerate aging research through open data and reproducible analysis.
|
| 622 |
+
|
| 623 |
+
Special thanks to:
|
| 624 |
+
- **GTEx Consortium** for making this invaluable resource available
|
| 625 |
+
- **BulkFormer team** for the foundation model and gene annotations
|
| 626 |
+
- **Open-source community** for tools like Polars, Pandas, and HuggingFace
|
| 627 |
+
|
| 628 |
+
---
|
| 629 |
+
|
| 630 |
+
**Last Updated**: January 2025
|
| 631 |
+
**Dataset Version**: 1.0
|
| 632 |
+
**Curator**: Longevity Genie Team
|
| 633 |
+
|
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