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961b711799cf2d7eeef221806c1d7083f1fdf836
subsection
18
35
Simulation M5
Simulator design and development explores a high-level architecture design space. Simulation enables the user to evaluate various deployment topologies are varying level of abstraction. It examines the architectural building blocks in the context of performance optimization. We use the M5 architectural simulator develo...
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1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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86d85937fce2b5ef54b6cb963ca66c4d6e3908e9
subsection
19
35
Types of process wait state used to achieve the profiling
Unix POSIX supports a variety of multi-threading and multi-process synchronization primitives. Pthread library is used to implement multi-threading. It supports the creation of threads using pthread_create and synchronization wait using pthread_join. Pthread supports the use of mutually exclusive locks through the use ...
{ "cite_spans": [ { "arxiv_id": "", "doi": "10.1145/1165389.945450", "end": 1258, "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2119565742", "raw": "S. Ghemawat, H. Gobioff, and S.-T. Leung. The Google file system, volume 37. ACM, 2003.", "source_ref_id": "e5cd62d7c85bb44236e4c12d4ab47...
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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723432b4548f1c537c04a2f4c3225d8d0bef1c38
subsection
20
35
Xenoprof architecture
Xenoprof is an open source profiling utility base on OProfile  REF . It is developed on the Xen virtual machine environment and enables the user to gather system wide data. Xen is an open source virtual machine monitor (VMM). OProfile can be used to profile kernel and user level applications and libraries. It enables p...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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5fcae4201a219cdb4fd201ba1ce40929ed6be56e
subsection
21
35
Linux perf
Performance data metrics will be gathered using the perf utility. There are a large number of Unix programs that are available for performance profiling including top, iostat and sar. We run the perf utility in user mode to collect data for a specific application. The call-graph option is used to obtain function sub-tr...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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89d1b20ce5bb800bf7b3d383f7708bc31639707d
subsection
22
35
Network drivers
We evaluate the performance of the Linux network drivers using perf events sock, net and skb. scsi information is obtained using the scsi event.>> perf record -e sock:* -e net:* -e skb:* -e scsi:* -e cpu-clock <<application>>
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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3054f174014b8624bc2dcffd471d017377b4731c
subsection
23
35
gprof
gprof is used to profile data using compiler annotated binary format. Application is compiled using the –pg option.>> g++ -pg <<application.cpp>>After the program has been compiled it will output a gmon.out file on run containing the application performance information. This can be viewed in the gprof application.>> gp...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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df26d4d6f3a6bcf7cfe682c2dab270874b607b96
subsection
24
35
gprof
Detection of independent sub-graphs in the application code is used in application parallelizing. Function call and for loops can be partitioned by the compiler at compile time to optimize the application code for a multi-process / distributed cloud platform. Addition of user directives in the application code enables ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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29682b860e7270963fdb7e5dd7752d6a5d5c6186
subsection
25
35
Data storage, retrieval and presentation
We explore the usage of various visualization features in presenting the perf report data to the customer. We use the script command to output a raw report for the performance data. This includes information on the application command, time stamp and shared library related to the event. This data is exported into an Ex...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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2318df2d0f343558f9543e2c9be2047c64121d1f
subsection
26
35
Logstash
Logstash is used to input the user data into Kibana. A conf file is used to setup the Logstash pipeline – Figure  REF . [Figure: Logstash pipeline.]We use the csv input filter to read the csv data file. An output filter is used to add the data to the Elasticsearch index. A template format is specified for reading the c...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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11d280bf93f1cb44391b998a0b0033a72ac341b3
subsection
27
35
Elasticsearch
Elasticsearch is a distributed and scalable data store. It provides search and analytics capabilities with Rest services. It supports indexing of a JSON document. Input is through Logstash.
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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970118d81f0e5a76a1036f379886cc3ccb5f701d
subsection
28
35
Kibana
The data set is loaded in Kibana and a visualization dashboard is created to display the performance data to the customer.Data output in json format Stored in Kibana Elasticsearch Input using Logstash>> curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v'>> curl -XDELETE 'http://localhost:9200/linuxperf'>> curl -XPUT localhost:9200/...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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4244d05422e8e9c88991bbe5a67d60def2596304
subsection
29
35
Characteristics of the user interface and the details about its functionality
Kibana is an open source framework for data visualization . It enables the user to analyze and explore structured and unstructured data in an intuitive interface. It supports the use of graphs, histogram and pie charts on large amounts of data. Users can view and discover the data in the UI. They can create various vis...
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1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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30aa445104d7e3ec1ad6ca7b08366e41c191db01
subsection
30
35
Kibana user interface visualization
We evaluate a network workload consisting of a secure file transfer and zip compression of the data. As can be seen in the data a large amount of time is utilized in the libcrypto and gzip application. The histogram plots the total number of events per second as recorded / reported in perf. We additionally output a pie...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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74365f819d90662ab0817514eae3a25adecf423f
subsection
31
35
Python, MongoDB, Tomcat server
We additionally investigate the use of a NoSQL database in storing the results data. This is an architecture deployed in the Holmes Helpdesk platform. Python is used to update the performance profiling data in MongoDB code. This is then output to the customer in a HTML file in a DataTable - Figure  REF . [Figure: HTML ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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1fb3d82205df3204242102b7d9a44d1899285f63
subsection
32
35
Functional and nonfunctional requirements of the profiler
The performance profiler has been developed for a Linux platform and supports the Unix POSIX function calls. It should support the C++, Java development libraries and run-time environments. There should be a compatible JRE running on the system. Additionally, a lot of the UI features will be supported in a browser base...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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a988c777875da1bbf1309fa8c8268392a2216209
subsection
33
35
Functional and nonfunctional requirements of the profiler
The CDT core supports a Visitor API which is used to traverse the AST. AST rewrite API is used to update the source code. We access the code AST using the Eclipse CDT API.We evaluate the generation of a dependency graph for software profiling. The AST is used to profile critical application paths including access to lo...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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7781aa6794b46cb8360730c0816552de3574f819
subsection
34
35
Conclusion
We have looked at architectures for the next generation enterprise including end to end solutions for the web infrastructure. These highlight the challenges in bringing billions of users online on a commodity platform. There is a large opportunity in enabling technology consumption for more than a billion users. Techno...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1809.07794
Evolving system bottlenecks in the as a service cloud
[ "Shaun C. D'Souza" ]
[ "cs.SE", "cs.DC" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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138ffd61331446866e0e44cbb4a27f2c209e6726
abstract
0
76
Abstract
We define lowest weight polynomials (LWPs), motivated by $so(d,2)$ representation theory, as elements of the polynomial ring over $ d \times n $ variables obeying a system of first and second order partial differential equations. LWPs invariant under $S_n$ correspond to primary fields in free scalar field theory in $d$...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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cd536e36d587f071d6619c4d89fe929dbc162de6
subsection
1
76
Introduction
The counting and construction of primary fields in free scalar field theories was found to have surprisingly simple and elegant geometrical structures in , . General primary fields in scalar field theory in d dimensions, which are composites of n elementary fields, are in 1-1 correspondence with polynomials in n d vari...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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612b385a6887d0563d1f5cca1fa04601c822db39
subsection
2
76
Introduction
Our first new result (Section REF ) is to give an explicit description of the quotient ring in dimension d in terms of (n-1)d generators and explicit quadratic relations. The quadratic relations are given in terms of a Clebsch-Gordan decomposition problem for S_n, which we explicitly solve.The Hilbert series of the quo...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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ebfd79df6a9b2a7a51ddfeceaa410c344a8fd854
subsection
3
76
Introduction
If we denote by V_Q the vector space of quadratic constraints, the alternating sum formula involves dimensions of exterior powers of V_Q, while the positive formula involves dimensions of symmetric powers of V_Q. The key identity responsible for this inversion relating the positive and alternating sum formula (REF ) tu...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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8c1054219bd5a43b44b9f20ba45f57e56e5fd111
subsection
4
76
Primary fields from differential constraints and Polynomial Rings
A key result motivating our study is the observation that primary fields constructed from n copies of \phi , along with their derivatives, correspond to polynomials in variables x_{\mu }^I subject to a system of linear differential constraints and an S_n invariance condition. There are d first order differential constr...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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c3cf49e9691048ab654f50059a0825e565777b86
subsection
5
76
Review : Lowest weight states and primaries from differential equations
The scalar field and its derivatives form a vector space V, which is an irreducible representation of so(4,2). This representation is isomorphic to the space of harmonic polynomials in x_{\mu }. The connection between the standard action of the conformal group on the fields and the action of differential operators on t...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.037776172161102295, 0.018872829154133797, -0.046167489141225815, 0.008200602605938911, -0.005992161575704813, -0.012983652763068676, -0.021252911537885666, 0.015157765708863735, 0.04766266793012619, 0.03274138271808624, 0.004298641812056303, -0.003940103575587273, 0.013281162828207016, ...
c715cc947ff7ab4758ac7dc6a69a11ed33c25a89
subsection
6
76
Review : Lowest weight states and primaries from differential equations
Polynomials in x_{ \mu }^I which are harmonic in each of the x_{\mu }^I, i.e. which are annihilated by the n operators\sum _{ \mu } { \partial ^2 \over \partial x^I_{\mu } \partial x_{\mu }^I }span the space \mathcal {H}^{ \otimes n } .A lowest weight polynomial (LWP) denoted L ( x_{ \mu }^I ) satisfies the equations&&...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.03965047374367714, 0.029348675161600113, -0.022496072575449944, -0.024449599906802177, -0.028646627441048622, -0.0236101932823658, 0.025441624224185944, -0.013766253367066383, 0.01344575360417366, 0.007905676029622555, -0.028371913358569145, -0.023854384198784828, 0.005379827693104744, ...
6157c7844db93d27a62a3e8b779bcf24c8660c69
subsection
7
76
LWPs and the quotient ring
The polynomial ring \mathbb {C}[ x_{\mu }^I ] is denoted as \mathcal {R} . Consider the ideal \mathcal { I } generated by the n elements \sum _{ \mu } x^I_{ \mu } x_{ \mu }^I along with the d elements \sum _{ I } x_{\mu }^I. This is denoted by\mathcal { I } = \langle \sum _{ \mu } x^I_{\mu } x_{ \mu }^I , \sum _{ I } x...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.03193063661456108, 0.007513315416872501, -0.035746440291404724, -0.010737668722867966, -0.009012925438582897, -0.020513754338026047, 0.012851622886955738, 0.015225052833557129, -0.014858735725283623, 0.0426759347319603, -0.039256978780031204, -0.018025850877165794, 0.001797243021428585, ...
ba40c9af21e064340965b640bddb8f2cc0e892c0
subsection
8
76
LWPs and the quotient ring
Thus, we can write\mathcal {H}^{ \otimes n } = \bigoplus _{ k , j_1 , j_2 } \mathcal {H}_{ n + k , j_1 , j_2 } \otimes \mathcal {M}_{ k , j_1 , j_2 }For classification of the irreps of so(d,2) and their character formulae, see and refs therein. A lowest weight state with \Delta = n +k generates a tower of states at hi...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.03281186893582344, 0.021091163158416748, -0.0018676057225093246, 0.008111399598419666, 0.020282313227653503, 0.006394498981535435, 0.0011560460552573204, 0.036962952464818954, 0.006833262275904417, 0.02164057269692421, -0.04041201248764992, 0.007264395244419575, -0.02266308106482029, 0....
988095a55669109c74fb462e2c6989908d8f1bc9
subsection
9
76
Representation theory of
The I index of x_\mu ^I, ranging over 1 \le I \le n , transforms in the natural representation, V_{ {\rm {nat}}} of S_n. This representation has an orthogonal decomposition into irreducible representationsV_{ {\rm {nat}}} = V_0 \oplus V_HV_0 is the one-dimensional representation. V_H has dimension (n-1) and corresponds...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.026469429954886436, 0.029963089153170586, -0.015202758833765984, 0.012860938906669617, 0.0002300342166563496, -0.011541281826794147, 0.006613543257117271, 0.028376448899507523, 0.04387670382857323, 0.0574851930141449, -0.046256665140390396, -0.000533965474460274, 0.010412326082587242, 0...
023038a90084e8cfd5823084db86b836ac22b1c9
subsection
10
76
Representation theory of
Introducing the notation S_{ A I} for these coefficients we havee_A = \sum _{ I =1 }^{ n} S_{A I } e_Ifor A \in \lbrace 1, 2, \cdots , n -1 \rbrace , andS_{ A I } = { 1 \over \sqrt{ A ( A+1)} } \left( - A ~ \delta _{ I , A +1 } + \sum _{ J =1}^{ A } \delta _{ J , I} \right)It is also useful to introduce extend A to A \...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.010054996237158775, 0.01406784076243639, -0.0244737695902586, 0.0033128848299384117, 0.002984838793054223, -0.021727336570620537, -0.013968663290143013, 0.05227377638220787, -0.021971464157104492, 0.028318775817751884, -0.05306718870997429, 0.031126242130994797, 0.0024202940985560417, -...
80a886ff195bff2635b696f6e30fee7c26dff9d4
subsection
11
76
Representation theory of
Note that \kappa _{ABC} has the following S_n invariance property.\kappa _{ABC} &=& \sum _{ I =1}^n \langle H, C | {\rm {nat}}, I \rangle \langle H, B | {\rm {nat}}, I \rangle \langle H, A | {\rm {nat}}, I \rangle \cr &=& \sum _{ I =1}^n \langle H, C | {\rm {nat}}, \sigma ( I ) \rangle \langle H, B | {\rm {nat}}, \sigm...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ 0.013042588718235493, 0.04170577600598335, -0.024864818900823593, 0.007749280892312527, 0.0009696135530248284, -0.008275561034679413, 0.019266420975327492, 0.08640143275260925, -0.008245051838457584, 0.032522574067115784, -0.043353259563446045, 0.0032530201133340597, 0.028983531519770622, ...
2f8522e6f261ce20c90e5b125678c7109b70fd54
subsection
12
76
Representation theory of
We also find that\kappa ( z_A ) & \equiv & \sum _{A, B , C =1 }^{ n-1} \kappa _{ ABC} z_A z_B z_C \cr & = & \sum _{ A } A ( 1- A^2) z_A^3 + \sum _{ A < B } 3 A ( 1 + A ) z_A^2 z_Band\kappa _{ A } ( z ) & = & \sum _{ B , C } \kappa _{ A B C } z_B z_C \cr & = & A ( 1 - A^2 ) z_A^2 + \sum _{ B : B < A } B ( 1 + B ) z_B^2 ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ 0.008239476941525936, 0.05611999332904816, -0.03552130237221718, -0.01792849227786064, -0.004733884707093239, -0.002603445900604129, 0.024245424196124077, 0.015090449713170528, -0.06719750910997391, -0.009811080992221832, -0.02520669624209404, 0.013495958410203457, 0.00006538415618706495, ...
260387b416bf5ad28e98baee4c82405bc3f43eb9
subsection
13
76
Solving the center of mass constraint and a polynomial ring with quadratic relations
In solving the constraints that determine the LWPs, a fruitful approach is to solve the center of mass constraint (COM) and only then consider the remaining constraints in (REF ). This approach exploits the S_n structure of the problem. We will use the elements of S_n representation theory from Section REF .As noted ea...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.013164415024220943, 0.03095354698598385, -0.014423619955778122, -0.0206356979906559, -0.017918867990374565, 0.003979851026087999, 0.012187577784061432, 0.013629939407110214, 0.04450717195868492, 0.0369366779923439, -0.03473879396915436, 0.007982595823705196, 0.015400458127260208, 0.0021...
f57b40fd77a23af7dcbd90b72d2fb6dcfad1ec98
subsection
14
76
Solving the center of mass constraint and a polynomial ring with quadratic relations
Given the explicit formulae stated in Section REF and derived in Appendix , the quadratic constraints can be expressed as&& \hbox{ For } 1 \le A \le (n-1) : \cr && \cr && A ( 1 - A^2 ) X^{ A }_{ \mu } X^{ A }_{ \mu } + \sum _{ B : B > A } 2 A ( 1+A ) X^{A}_{\mu } X^{ B}_{ \mu } + \sum _{ B : B < A } B ( 1+ B ) X^{B}_{\...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.025406155735254288, 0.017440982162952423, -0.027725515887141228, -0.011634950526058674, -0.01345839537680149, 0.014877477660775185, 0.024200698360800743, 0.04309127852320671, -0.013504172675311565, 0.029007267206907272, -0.035339731723070145, -0.01479355338960886, 0.0076104020699858665, ...
a80d6b0af41041548e4e16ac072b050531086f87
subsection
15
76
Body
The LWPs solve the n Laplacian conditions\sum _{ \mu } { \partial ^2 F \over \partial x_{ \mu }^I \partial x_{ \mu }^I } = 0These n conditions transform in the natural representation V_{nat} of S_n. We can again move to the V_0 \oplus V_{H} basis as follows\Box _{ C } = \sum _{ I =1 }^n S_{C I } { \partial ^2 \over \pa...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.03012588992714882, 0.0282182227820158, -0.04868368059396744, 0.0008450968307442963, -0.012903464958071709, 0.01426935475319624, 0.030064845457673073, 0.031163660809397697, 0.03397174924612045, -0.004296068102121353, -0.0463029146194458, -0.0246012844145298, 0.046821799129247665, 0.01623...
e25085256aa605fd2fd8197445f3ccd933c708c5
subsection
16
76
Counting of lowest weight states in
V is the representation of so(d,2) collecting all the states which correspond, by the operator-state correspondence, to a single scalar field and its derivatives. Above we have established that the lowest weight states in V^{\otimes n} form a polynomial ring. We will develop this description further in this section by ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.0394873209297657, 0.007091086823493242, -0.046750061213970184, 0.02247481606900692, 0.0021570788230746984, 0.013274331577122211, 0.0395178385078907, 0.05083916336297989, 0.014853519387543201, 0.03472687304019928, -0.020796453580260277, 0.018019523471593857, -0.003762967884540558, 0.0334...
6e488c8cea3e1c85ff7977f0c7633fe24709ad82
subsection
17
76
Counting of lowest weight states in
An important point for the discussion in the next section is that{ 1\over ( 1 - s)^{ d ( n -1) } } { n k } s^{ 2k}is the trace of s^{ \Delta } over \mathcal {R} \otimes \Lambda ^k ( V_Q ) . Finally, it is worth noting that the counting function in the first line of (REF ) is palindromic.
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.028667140752077103, 0.03783635422587395, -0.04155896231532097, -0.005248268134891987, -0.026058262214064598, 0.015439673326909542, 0.06944801658391953, 0.0026451118756085634, -0.0030532258097082376, 0.010145635344088078, 0.003461339743807912, 0.02625659853219986, -0.01632455550134182, 0...
2abcb58dcedd5bc99221cb20c722dab95b6696e6
subsection
18
76
The ring of lowest weights in
In the previous section we have obtained the counting function for the lowest weights in V^{\otimes n}. These lowest weights form a polynomial ring. The counting function for the ring is a rational function. The ring is a quotient of the polynomial ring, by an ideal. The ideal is generated by n quadratic expressions.Th...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.01650877669453621, 0.018980514258146286, -0.04790901765227318, 0.036496296525001526, -0.013426730409264565, -0.04742077365517616, -0.0069498587399721146, 0.0018881340511143208, -0.0024412237107753754, 0.03942576423287392, -0.039700400084257126, 0.0033452394418418407, -0.022932246327400208...
43cd667bbe087305646829ee9231293f3da3fae7
subsection
19
76
Exact sequence of modules
We will consider the following exact sequence of modules over \mathcal {R} = \mathbb {C}[ X_{\mu }^{A}]&& 0 \xrightarrow{} \mathcal {R} \otimes \Lambda ^{ n } ( V_Q ) \xrightarrow{} \cdots \rightarrow \mathcal {R} \otimes \Lambda ^2 ( V_Q ) \xrightarrow{} \mathcal {R} \otimes V_Q \xrightarrow{} \mathcal {R} \xrightarro...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.004810620099306107, 0.026094086468219757, -0.037111587822437286, -0.014084702357649803, 0.0023194742389023304, -0.03167913481593132, 0.010636010207235813, 0.00849202275276184, -0.0008345147944055498, 0.04574858024716377, -0.03775249794125557, -0.001580332638695836, -0.0037901278119534254,...
274d8d5ee2e5c72559abf52e7ebf877dd007c485
subsection
20
76
Exact sequence of modules
Under the map f_I, they go to\epsilon ^{ A_1, \cdots , A_I, A_{ I+1}, \cdots , A_n } h_{ A_1 A_2 \cdots A_I } Q_{A_1} \otimes Q_{A_2} \cdots \otimes Q_{ A_I}Under the composite map f_{ I } \circ f_{ I-1}, we have&& f_{ I } \circ f_{ I-1} : \epsilon ^{ A_1, \cdots , A_I, A_{ I+1}, \cdots , A_n } h_{ A_1 A_2 \cdots A_I }...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.022593345493078232, 0.014469809830188751, -0.03173137083649635, -0.009687221609055996, 0.02837516739964485, 0.03249414265155792, 0.017543787136673927, -0.017269188538193703, -0.0022616228088736534, 0.02436297945678234, -0.05903865396976471, -0.023401886224746704, 0.0038901439402252436, ...
836b5990e07e99ced3b012ab939564891f7b5fb8
subsection
21
76
Exact sequence of modules
To motivate the second operator we need, we employ a decomposition of polynomials that will be derived in Section REF : the space of degree k polynomials can be decomposed asp^{(k)} = p_h^{(k)} + Q_A p_{h,A}^{ (k-2) } + Q_AQ_B p_{h,AB}^{(k-4)} + \cdotswith the coefficients p_h^{(k )}, p_{h,A}^{(k-2)}, p_{h,AB}^{(k -4)}...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.0052849529311060905, 0.005502456333488226, -0.029061516746878624, -0.023688798770308495, -0.018941881135106087, 0.004876656923443079, 0.050460804253816605, 0.014378123916685581, 0.032877366989851, 0.03565530478954315, -0.042035408318042755, 0.002526093041524291, -0.012676254846155643, -...
01084a8447ee5ce7bdeac3314d5143ad6dde99d9
subsection
22
76
Exact sequence of modules
In fact, we will show that acting on a monomial of degree t in the Qs, it is proportional to the identity\alpha \circ d+d\circ \alpha = 1+tIn this case, acting on any element k^{(q)}_{h,AB\cdots E}Q_AQ_B\cdots Q_E\otimes Q_{A_1}\wedge \cdots \wedge Q_{A_i} in the kernel of d, we have(\alpha \circ d+d\circ \alpha )k^{(q...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.019624609500169754, 0.03979858383536339, -0.04147720709443092, -0.020311318337917328, -0.0500534363090992, -0.004043951164931059, 0.0473066009581089, -0.02156265266239643, -0.0034411735832691193, 0.011193351820111275, -0.0077369180507957935, -0.029620034620165825, -0.04181293025612831, ...
7aefa1bc46711630d2d3c1649a6f44ee9a32af12
subsection
23
76
Exact sequence of modules
For d\circ \alpha we find (assume that p^{(q)}_{h,AB\cdots E} has t indices AB\cdots E)&&d\circ \alpha (p^{(q)}_{h,AB\cdots E}Q_AQ_B\cdots Q_E\otimes Q_{A_1}\wedge \cdots \wedge Q_{A_i})\cr \cr &=& d\left(\sum _{S\notin \lbrace A_1,...,A_i\rbrace } t p^{(q)}_{h,SB\cdots E}Q_B\cdots Q_E\otimes Q_{A_1}\wedge \cdots \wedg...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.015255512669682503, 0.03379260003566742, -0.06929467618465424, -0.01782735250890255, -0.02350524254143238, 0.012294462881982327, -0.0027416422963142395, 0.013347619213163853, -0.010096569545567036, 0.03940943628549576, -0.007261440623551607, 0.0026119055692106485, -0.015057091601192951, ...
9a3c76abc94f229b13715dc238166be1f7de0767
subsection
24
76
Exact sequence of modules
One is the standard short exact sequence for quotients0 \rightarrow \mathcal { I } \rightarrow \mathcal {R} \rightarrow \mathcal {R} / \mathcal { I } \rightarrow 0The next isSyz ( \mathcal { I } ) \rightarrow \mathcal {R} \otimes V_Q \rightarrow \mathcal { I }Here a basis for V_Q gives the generators of \mathcal { I } ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.03453858196735382, 0.04732273891568184, -0.023402025923132896, 0.028177013620734215, 0.009549979120492935, -0.04860420525074005, 0.028299059718847275, 0.012006123550236225, -0.006952720228582621, 0.026605691760778427, -0.025537803769111633, 0.013592701405286789, 0.016491256654262543, -0...
9d38c9a25a48193b675e3cbeff29be6b7eb3165a
subsection
25
76
Exact sequence of vector spaces over
We can consider the vector space formed by polynomials of a fixed degree. Since the modules of the last section are defined over the ring, a single exact sequence of modules implies, upon specializing to fixed degree, an exact sequence for each of these vector spaces. The polynomials at fixed n and fixed degree k are p...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.025687916204333305, -0.012691326439380646, -0.05296320095658302, -0.012683694250881672, -0.0160415917634964, -0.02735160104930401, 0.0013918103650212288, -0.024070018902420998, 0.006696715950965881, 0.00915790256112814, 0.014622117392718792, 0.008265006355941296, -0.004262240137904882, ...
81baca0d68ec5960e0ad3b766b61f90bd0085de2
subsection
26
76
Exact sequence of vector spaces over
Start by introducing the map f defined byf : \hbox{Sym} ^2 ( V_{dH} ) \otimes V_Q \rightarrow \hbox{Sym} ^4 ( V_{dH} )Concretely, we havef : Q_A \otimes X_{ \mu _1}^{ a_1} X_{ \mu _2}^{ a_2 } \rightarrow Q_{ A} X_{ \mu _1}^{ a_1} X_{ \mu _1}^{ a_2 } = \kappa _{A B C } X_{ \mu }^{ B } X_{ \mu }^{ C }X_{ \mu _1}^{ a_1} X...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.0333036407828331, 0.026114817708730698, -0.022818030789494514, -0.026862699538469315, 0.011134283617138863, -0.0046971566043794155, 0.014858430251479149, -0.017384439706802368, -0.005796085111796856, 0.03348679840564728, 0.0024153534322977066, 0.005830426700413227, -0.026587966829538345, ...
b7b7f191c63d797257fc129a21e074664b52e490
subsection
27
76
Exact sequence of vector spaces over
If n \le (k-1)/2, then it is \hbox{Sym} ^{ k - 2n } \otimes \Lambda ^{ n } ( V_Q) .One basic building block that the above sequences are constructed from is the following\cdots \rightarrow \hbox{Sym} ^{k-2I}(V_{dH})\otimes \Lambda ^{I}(V_Q) \rightarrow \hbox{Sym} ^{k+2-2I}(V_{dH})\otimes \Lambda ^{I-1}(V_Q)\cr \rightar...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.03516310825943947, 0.04441174119710922, -0.04135938733816147, 0.01079769991338253, 0.029256805777549744, -0.009706483222544193, 0.00537214195355773, 0.002726132981479168, -0.015673834830522537, 0.02385414019227028, -0.02409832924604416, 0.019336657598614693, -0.035315725952386856, 0.014...
5046da557e5098bbb1b6d8895a49cd7d52bacd95
subsection
28
76
Exact sequence of vector spaces over
Indeed, the image of g is spanned byX^{a_1}_{\mu _1}\cdots X^{a_{k-2I}}_{\mu _{k-2I}}\kappa _{A_{I}BC}X^B_\mu X^C_\mu \otimes \epsilon ^{A_1\cdots A_{I-1}A_I\cdots A_L}Q_{A_1}\otimes Q_{A_2}\otimes \cdots \otimes Q_{A_{I-1}}Under f this maps to zero&&f(X^{a_1}_{\mu _1}\cdots X^{a_{k-2I}}_{\mu _{k-2I}}\kappa _{A_{I}BC}X...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.026674889028072357, -0.003166498616337776, -0.02662910893559456, -0.04114159196615219, 0.0018684249371290207, -0.01510763168334961, 0.03229065611958504, -0.002079206984490156, -0.005115993786603212, -0.013718950562179089, -0.017762912437319756, -0.051030222326517105, -0.011994544416666031...
18cb3b0f0392b797f85dbf61df08cd48046ddb2c
subsection
29
76
Exact sequence of vector spaces over
The generalization of the argument is then obvious and we will not repeat it here.The exact sequences we have presented in this section imply thatL(k,d,n) = \sum _{I=0}^{min ( \lfloor {k\over 2}\rfloor , n ) }(-1)^I \hbox{Dim}( \hbox{Sym} ^{k-2I}(V_{dH})) \hbox{Dim}(\Lambda ^I (V_Q))This formula will be used in the nex...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.05582457780838013, 0.01382642611861229, -0.046118609607219696, -0.0010148535948246717, -0.015421195887029171, -0.005551172886043787, -0.012834464199841022, -0.018481018021702766, -0.028080157935619354, 0.008340111933648586, -0.012765789404511452, 0.02832433395087719, 0.010179057717323303,...
4ca479e6270c10ceff3e8cd3c70e053e15cff914
subsection
30
76
Refined counting formulae
We have managed to count the number of LWPs of fixed degree, or equivalently, lowest weight states in V^{ \otimes n }. There are good reasons to refine this counting using the so(d) \times S_n symmetry present in the problem. Primaries in the free field theory are S_n invariants. They are labeled by their dimension and...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.03758755698800087, 0.023949863389134407, -0.01621573604643345, 0.006841728463768959, -0.013843631371855736, 0.006654858589172363, 0.028511015698313713, 0.0033693797886371613, 0.032767076045274734, 0.03819774463772774, -0.032858602702617645, 0.03767908364534378, 0.0018381901318207383, 0....
dcf1b26ea59991abb7473ed4d34099ce414a68ac
subsection
31
76
Refined counting formulae
We can now write the so(d) \times S_n refined version of (REF ) as&& L ( \Lambda _1^{ so(d)} , \Lambda _3^{ (S_n)} ; k , d , n ) \cr && = \sum _{ \Lambda _{3 , 1 }, \Lambda _{ 3,2} \vdash n } \sum _{ I = 0 }^{ min ( \lfloor {k\over 2}\rfloor , n ) } (-1)^I {\rm Mult} ( ( \hbox{Sym} ^{k - 2I } ( V_{ dH } ) ; \Lambda _1^...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.04866752028465271, 0.03438764438033104, -0.019634826108813286, -0.03289252892136574, 0.003865558886900544, 0.02395235188305378, 0.014607883989810944, 0.00775781599804759, -0.023494664579629898, 0.033899445086717606, -0.037103261798620224, 0.04714189097285271, -0.001362576149404049, 0.02...
36c1297f13cf6c1ad646e0b4953649006d474c50
subsection
32
76
Refined counting formulae
The result is&& {\rm Mult} (\Lambda ^I (V_{nat}^{(S_n)});\Lambda _{3,2}^{(S_n)})\cr &&=\sum _{p\vdash n}\sum _{q\vdash I} {(-1)^{q_2+q_4+\cdots }} {\chi _{\Lambda _{3,2}}^{p}\over Sym(p) Sym(q) }\prod _{i=1}^I \left(\sum _{d|i} d p_d \right)^{ q_i }where \chi _{\Lambda _{3,2}} is the S_n character of the permutation wi...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.03772915527224541, 0.006574366241693497, -0.03895016387104988, -0.011103544384241104, -0.01706359162926674, -0.0005585158942267299, 0.027930565178394318, 0.03278407081961632, -0.007822084240615368, 0.022436026483774185, -0.027594787999987602, 0.02635851688683033, -0.02113870531320572, 0...
ed078b3312195f8f5c1294072c04ba2ce6244441
subsection
33
76
Refined Counting: general
We can make the formula (REF ) more explicit for general d. The formulae we write here will be not be as computationally efficient as for d=3,4 but may still be useful in further studies of so(d,2) representations and free field primaries in higher dimensions. We focus on the d-dependent quantity{\rm Mult} ( \hbox{Sym}...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.03784574195742607, 0.03860875964164734, -0.022936351597309113, -0.02139505185186863, -0.0017530361656099558, -0.021715519949793816, 0.04663572087883949, 0.01765625923871994, 0.047734469175338745, 0.020036878064274788, -0.041752398014068604, 0.0174578744918108, 0.027239779010415077, 0.04...
b818cdb7b5d33a81b159d2b045fcae9df2e8eeea
subsection
34
76
Refined Counting: general
This leads to&& {\rm Mult} ( \hbox{Sym} ^k ( V_{dH } , \Lambda _1^{ so(d)} \otimes \Lambda _3^{ (S_n)} ) = \sum _{ \Lambda _2 \vdash k } {\rm Mult} ( V_d^{ \otimes k } , \Lambda _1^{ so(d) } \otimes \Lambda _2^{ (S_k)} ) {\rm Mult} ( V_H^{ \otimes k } , \Lambda _3^{ (S_n)} \otimes \Lambda _2^{ (S_k) } ) \cr &&The {\rm...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.013728750869631767, 0.05125197023153305, -0.0263585913926363, -0.01591894030570984, -0.014430833049118519, -0.020909827202558517, 0.024282870814204216, 0.008104465901851654, -0.007261204533278942, 0.02605333924293518, -0.015766315162181854, 0.03580617159605026, 0.01657523401081562, 0.00...
db1b81ef88052aa6f230e71e4c31ad9a9217ac59
subsection
35
76
Refined counting:
We need the multiplicitites of V_{ \Lambda _1^{so(3)}}\otimes V_{\Lambda _2^{(s_k)}} in V_{3}^{\otimes k}. This problem has been considered in . Our coordinates X_\mu ^A are in the 3 of so(3), which is the spin 1 of SU(2). For d=3, \Lambda _1 is parameterised by one integer l for the spin. Our multiplicities are given ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.03648903965950012, 0.044573985040187836, -0.02292768657207489, -0.017680099233984947, -0.012844386510550976, -0.00006632182339671999, 0.006704403553158045, -0.004717489704489708, 0.013706272467970848, 0.02089882269501686, -0.02462095022201538, 0.018717413768172264, -0.015895308926701546, ...
3a0642ba4fbae5503490d3750d09542c32c1d61e
subsection
36
76
Refined counting:
The outcome is&& {\rm Mult} ( \hbox{Sym} ^{k - 2I } ( V_{dH}) ; ( \Lambda _1^{ so(d)} = [ l ] ) \otimes \Lambda _{3,1}^{ (S_n)} ) ) \cr && = \sum _{ \Lambda _2 \vdash k - 2I } {\rm Mult} ( V_{ 3}^{ \otimes k - 2 I } , [ l ] \otimes \Lambda _2 ) ) {\rm Mult} ( V_{ H }^{ \otimes k - 2I } , V_{ \Lambda _{ 3,1} }^{ ( S_n...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.018078207969665527, 0.033654455095529556, -0.04497431218624115, -0.012197069823741913, -0.026407914236187935, -0.020473379641771317, 0.03280012309551239, 0.026819823309779167, -0.0003964143106713891, 0.021175149828195572, -0.028925133869051933, 0.045798126608133316, -0.008917056955397129,...
9bff528252bf2ea734ddae45b85fa7b8aa220f20
subsection
37
76
Refined counting : the
The fundamental of SO(4) is the V_{1/2}\otimes \bar{V}_{1/2} of SU_L(2) \times SU_R(2), where V_{1/2} is the two-dimensional spin half irrep of SU(2). X_{ \mu }^{ A} transforming in V_d \otimes V_H can be written as X_{ \alpha , \dot{\alpha }}^A to reflect the description as V_{1/2} \otimes V_{ 1/2} \otimes V_d. It is...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.05204357951879501, 0.030676713213324547, -0.01464393362402916, 0.0011351146968081594, -0.009767710231244564, 0.000777410517912358, 0.053844500333070755, 0.012690391391515732, 0.020710596814751625, 0.04142119362950325, -0.022435208782553673, 0.03928450867533684, 0.014384479261934757, 0.0...
c056bcd17b14b87a9965e10a56996a3aaa3ca7a3
subsection
38
76
Refined counting : the
The final result is&& \hbox{Sym} ^k ( V_{ dH} ) = \bigoplus _{{ \Lambda _3 \in Y^{(n)} \\ \Lambda _{ 2,1} \in Y_{ 2}^{ (k) } \\ \Lambda _{ 2,1} \in Y_{ 2}^{ (k) } }} V_{ \Lambda _{2,1} }^{ u_L(2)} \otimes V_{ \Lambda _{2,2} }^{ u_R (2)} \otimes V_{ \Lambda _3}^{ ( S_n)} \otimes V_{ \Lambda _3 , \Lambda _{ 2,3} } \otime...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.0157781932502985, 0.033784255385398865, -0.021927719935774803, -0.06659191101789474, -0.0037652505561709404, -0.045137226581573486, 0.028840215876698494, -0.002939336933195591, -0.0028096321038901806, 0.04281780496239662, -0.029236961156129837, 0.03299076482653618, -0.02595619484782219, ...
eda0dfaa2cbc602803460b482fbd49cf0cf2c565
subsection
39
76
The Confluent Binomial Transform and construction
The exact sequences we derived in Section have led to a dimension formula for \mathcal {L}(k,d,n) (or for \mathcal { I } (k,d,n)) as an alternating sum involving exterior powers of V_Q. In this section we will show that there is a dimension formula for \mathcal { I } (k,d,n) as a positive sum involving symmetric powers...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.0287907924503088, 0.049769774079322815, -0.047572702169418335, -0.01814109832048416, -0.03432924300432205, 0.0009287967113777995, 0.01261027529835701, -0.030011387541890144, 0.015791451558470726, 0.007365529891103506, -0.03616013750433922, 0.023984698578715324, 0.0001833276910474524, -0...
87a8a3b77097f9f7042b1df9f9a530243f0ed324
subsection
40
76
From resolution to construction : counting without signs
Using characters we have obtained the generating function of the number of LWPs as follows{(1-s^2)^n\over (1-s)^{d(n-1)}} = \sum _{l =0}^{ \infty } L(l,d,n) s^{ l }We will derive an interesting expression for L(l,d,n) in terms of S(k,d,n) which is the dimension of \hbox{Sym} ^k (V_{dH}). Our starting point is the expli...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.04657470062375069, 0.04117252305150032, -0.048497509211301804, -0.03400014340877533, -0.03717430308461189, 0.04950469732284546, 0.03656388819217682, -0.02176131308078766, -0.022478550672531128, -0.009514851495623589, -0.01400903519243002, 0.042698562145233154, -0.015298537909984589, 0.0...
f7ca61de52e8efe8db5f08a470e255dd80b91c22
subsection
41
76
From resolution to construction : counting without signs
( n-k) ! } S ( p - 2m , d, n )This is indeed an equality, which follows after using the identity\sum _{m =0}^{\lfloor {p\over 2}\rfloor }\sum _{k=0}^{\min (m,n)}{(-1)^k \over (m-k)! k!(n-k)!}={1\over n}\delta _{m,0}The equation (REF ) implies, after subtracting the i=0 term L ( p , d, n ) , that the dimension of the id...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.029960347339510918, 0.004664142616093159, -0.05574088916182518, -0.04503205046057701, -0.021890578791499138, 0.03429269790649414, 0.029792545363307, -0.00270581291988492, 0.006895150989294052, 0.017649756744503975, -0.03374352678656578, 0.037984348833560944, -0.023614367470145226, -0.00...
e19d53d294dd91f09de787826e19f37f285993cc
subsection
42
76
From resolution to construction : counting without signs
Consequently, a subspace of \mathcal { I } ( k , d , n ) is\mathcal {L}( k -2 , d , n ) \otimes V_QAt this point, we use the identity (), derived with the help of the confluent binomial transform, to decompose \mathcal { I } (k,d,n) as\mathcal { I } ( k , d , n ) = \bigoplus _{ i =1 }^{ \lfloor { k \over 2} \rfloor } ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.023295946419239044, 0.05037538707256317, -0.008367928676307201, -0.007128376513719559, -0.025950495153665543, 0.022914545610547066, 0.043876320123672485, -0.0320376493036747, -0.004504340700805187, 0.013913492672145367, -0.04512731730937958, 0.005354864057153463, -0.011197920888662338, ...
2848bc7cd426e48e695e25a4eba1f1aedc12f5e9
subsection
43
76
From resolution to construction : counting without signs
The symmetric algebra of V_Q, denoted by \hbox{Sym} ( V_Q ) is the direct sum of symmetrised tensor products of all degrees\hbox{Sym} ( V_Q ) = \bigoplus _{ k=0}^{ \infty } \hbox{Sym} ^k ( V_Q )The degree 0 part is defined as \mathbb {C}. The above decompositions of \mathcal {R} at each degree are captured by\mathcal {...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.03540429845452309, 0.02653796412050724, -0.017870014533400536, -0.00022735721722710878, 0.0006199567578732967, -0.02565285563468933, 0.01393281202763319, 0.02371477521955967, 0.042027343064546585, 0.03470231592655182, -0.03241324424743652, -0.0006051731761544943, 0.0017225259216502309, ...
aca96022b68c728811792472cfb21348f1580d54
subsection
44
76
Implementing the construction using the natural inner product
In the last section we have described an algorithm for the construction of the polynomials that correspond to primary operators. The algorithm works by recursively proceeding in degree, using orthogonality to construct the higher degree spaces from the lower degree ones. The only missing ingredient in the algorithm was...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.0007079876377247274, 0.02625609189271927, -0.03371642157435417, 0.021847020834684372, -0.0023628193885087967, 0.009146151132881641, 0.031550027430057526, 0.004218366928398609, 0.007120877504348755, 0.026744293048977852, -0.027552876621484756, 0.0005940421251580119, 0.0024238445330411196, ...
665182beba6fa1cfd8d2a8651c2077d6e1af19e1
subsection
45
76
Implementing the construction using the natural inner product
The traceless tensors correspond to harmonic polynomials, which establishes the result.For simplicity, start with the single particle case. Consider the differential operator \sum _{\mu ,\nu =1}^d x_{\mu } x_{\mu }{\partial ^2 \over \partial x_{\nu }\partial x_{\nu }}. Let it act on all polynomials of fixed degree - it...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ 0.01728813908994198, 0.03518662974238396, -0.05587746575474739, -0.0076865847222507, 0.016921930015087128, -0.03674301877617836, 0.0152816167101264, 0.00032901635859161615, 0.03665146604180336, 0.033386100083589554, -0.03787216544151306, -0.04452497139573097, 0.03225695341825485, 0.0016612...
f1c7a71b29ac8bb91f8cfacb53da6e57ffdda4e8
subsection
46
76
Implementing the construction using the natural inner product
A second approach to demonstrate the same fact, makes use of the operator\mathcal {O} _1 =\sum _{I,J=1}^n x^I{\partial \over \partial x^J}which is hermitian with respect to the natural inner product. The translation invariant polynomials belong to the null space of \mathcal {O} _1, while the non-translation invariant e...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.007743956055492163, 0.05783171206712723, -0.03418022021651268, 0.03381400182843208, -0.0039635319262743, -0.016311898827552795, 0.011047535575926304, -0.002092394046485424, 0.019501036033034325, 0.017624175176024437, -0.04351874440908432, -0.009727628901600838, 0.01692225970327854, 0.01...
f98a92a1dbf7a5f3c6cd99d9794111939c089a00
subsection
47
76
Implementing the construction using the natural inner product
The above discussion implies that the space of degree k polynomials can be decomposed asp^{(k)} = p_h^{(k)} + Q_A p_{h,A}^{ (k-2) } + Q_AQ_B p_{h,AB}^{(k-4)} + \cdotsp_h^{(k)},p_{h,A}^{(k)},\cdots are all polynomials of degree k which are annihilated by the Laplacians \Box _A defined in (REF ). In the expansion only th...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ 0.009118285030126572, -0.00696270726621151, -0.005264951381832361, -0.05255794897675514, -0.030002592131495476, -0.05234429985284805, 0.06702511757612228, -0.028064480051398277, 0.02438664436340332, -0.002954858588054776, -0.008622311055660248, 0.012796120718121529, -0.024508729577064514, ...
4c3265b31a6caf5bf0032fddd40b6ea53a810b04
subsection
48
76
Commutative star product on lowest weight polynomials
As we saw in Section the lowest weight polynomials are in 1-1 correspondence with a quotient ring, which has an associative product inherited from the quotient construction. Since the Laplacian constraints obeyed by the polynomials of the ring are second order differential operators, given two polynomials that obey the...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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7e67c78e7e283884562f4892f5e22d3d3be1bd8a
subsection
49
76
Commutative star product on lowest weight polynomials
Using (REF ) decompose the product of two polynomials, which each obey the Laplacian constraintsf^{(k_1)}_h g^{(k_2)}_h&=&(fg)^{(k_1+k_2)}_h+Q_C (fg)^{k_1+k_2-2}_{h,C}+\cdots \cr \cr &+&Q_{C_1}\cdots Q_{C_m}(fg)^{(k_1+k_2-2m)}_{C_1\cdots C_m}The star product we want isf^{(k_1)}_h * g^{(k_2)}_h=(fg)^{(k_1+k_2)}_hOnly th...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.01658789813518524, 0.006584800314158201, -0.011132356710731983, -0.019594168290495872, -0.003982926718890667, 0.01262023113667965, 0.029879579320549965, 0.007733134552836418, -0.004230905789881945, 0.01223872508853674, -0.06256704777479172, 0.006897635292261839, -0.007145614363253117, -...
5dbf0e746d1ede7774022caf31d679e560251120
subsection
50
76
Commutative star product on lowest weight polynomials
Recall that the usual product on polynomials is associativef^{(k_1)}_h(g^{(k_2)}_h h^{(k_3)}_h)=(f^{(k_1)}_hg^{(k_2)}_h)h^{(k_3)}_hRefining both sides of this last equation according to degree, we can write this as&& f^{(k_1)}_h \left((gh)^{(k_2+k_3)}_h+Q_A (g h)^{(k_2+k_3-2)}_{h,A}+\dots \right) \cr &&\qquad \qquad =(...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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3d0890e0b937cbabdf70db1b51860bd56bd8b61c
subsection
51
76
Further construction methods for lowest weight polynomials
The construction algorithm we gave in the previous section has a recursive nature, and produces all the LWPs of degree up to any chosen maximum k. At each k, it uses orthogonality to elements written in terms of the LWPs at lower k. A second, more direct, algorithm works at fixed k, and implements the differential equa...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.02152499370276928, 0.03469017520546913, 0.009328514337539673, 0.026055768132209778, -0.024835357442498207, -0.003668859601020813, 0.028359293937683105, 0.005774068180471659, -0.015110209584236145, 0.007841139100492, -0.010686221532523632, 0.02983904257416725, 0.007208050694316626, 0.024...
f95c6ec2fa4be5959a152570b6a9ec94d3ac9b9b
subsection
52
76
Intersection of Kernels of two differential operators
In this section we will outline a closely related but distinct construction algorithm. This new algorithm uses the fact that, as we explained earlier, the space of LWPs can be identified as the common null space of a set of differential operators. Here we will consider degree preserving version of the differential oper...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.05827241390943527, 0.008554658852517605, -0.03202082961797714, -0.0010874567087739706, -0.013782082125544548, 0.010935616679489613, 0.013804975897073746, 0.012416084297001362, 0.021871233358979225, 0.03183767944574356, -0.02742680162191391, -0.011843739077448845, -0.0029418563935905695, ...
82dadde3f7188bae27fca5fc6f5147839dcfb362
subsection
53
76
Intersection of Kernels of two differential operators
(d-1)!}\mathcal {W}_{k;n,d} = \bigoplus _{ { k_1 , k_2 \cdots , k_n =0 \\ \sum _{ I } k_I = k } }^{ d} \hbox{Sym} ^{ k_1 } ( V_d ) \otimes \hbox{Sym} ^{ k_2 } ( V_d ) \otimes \cdots \otimes \hbox{Sym} ^{ k_n } ( V_d )On this subspace we have the linear operators\mathcal {O} ^{ (I)}_{ \mathcal {L}} = ( x^{I})^2 \Box _{(...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.030542150139808655, -0.0021148379892110825, -0.06621025502681732, -0.04625564441084862, 0.016872936859726906, -0.013974330388009548, 0.027704568579792976, 0.01629321463406086, 0.010541771538555622, 0.017483169212937355, -0.047201503068208694, -0.014248935505747795, 0.034020476043224335, ...
410401f007860d9b032e26dd724c79e6f15b2cd4
subsection
54
76
Intersection of Kernels of two differential operators
Therefore the following sum\mathcal {O} _{ \mathcal {C} \mathcal {M} } && = \sum _{ \alpha =1 }^{d} x^{ CM}_{ \alpha } { \partial \over \partial x^{ CM}_{ \alpha } } \cr && = \sum _{ I , J =1}^{ n } \sum _{ \alpha =1 }^{d} x^{I}_{ \alpha } { \partial \over \partial x^{J}_{ \alpha } }has the property that its null space...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.04729704186320305, 0.04485590383410454, -0.06719231605529785, -0.02401469089090824, 0.007403512950986624, 0.03237558901309967, 0.00871181022375822, 0.03365718573331833, 0.008887266740202904, 0.022534752264618874, -0.017896590754389763, -0.01399077009409666, 0.05840421840548515, 0.005839...
8a92cdd7ac0572c878db2b51dc1ebbb6853e4600
subsection
55
76
Constraints and Projectors on
An interesting algebraic angle on the primaries problem is that in some sense it is a generalization of the problem of finding symmetric traceless tensors of SO(d). Nice bases for these tensors can be constructed using Young diagram techniques for SO groups. These symmetric traceless tensors are annihilated by contract...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.01106221228837967, 0.014762330800294876, -0.05145072937011719, 0.006904345937073231, 0.010985921137034893, 0.00571801932528615, 0.03405635431408882, 0.007537562400102615, 0.056424908339977264, 0.032988280057907104, -0.03594837337732315, -0.032988280057907104, -0.0036924900487065315, -0....
400cc31dd8d499630e8077eb49bc2f329b1e08e3
subsection
56
76
Constraints and Projectors on
So we are looking at vectorsv \in \hbox{Sym} ^2 ( V_{dH} )which obey( P^{ (SO(d)}_{ 0 } ( P_{0 }^{ (S_n )} + P_{ H}^{ (S_n)} ) ) ~~ v = 0Let us defineP^{ \mathcal {L}} = ( P^{ (SO(d)) }_{ 0 } ( P_{0 }^{ (S_n )} + P_{ H}^{ (S_n)} ) )The operator P^{ \mathcal {L}} is a projector obeying (P^{ \mathcal {L}}) ^2 = P^{ \math...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.039697080850601196, -0.006422932725399733, -0.010488756000995636, -0.0038465128745883703, 0.030802614986896515, 0.016782009974122047, -0.0030207617674022913, -0.0084062609821558, 0.01514194905757904, 0.03116876818239689, -0.046257320791482925, -0.015973420813679695, 0.028514159843325615, ...
a9a803fcc93e8b3bdbc6159531b5e2caabf24c8d
subsection
57
76
Constraints and Projectors on
We will now argue that to find a linear basis at degree k in the ring of LWPs, we have to consider symmetric tensors T obeying equation (REF ).Use the inner product for polynomials in x_{ \mu }^I used before. This induces an inner product of the same form on X_{ \mu }^A. For operator\Box _A = \sum _{ \mu =1 }^d \sum _{...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.048942387104034424, 0.013639181852340698, -0.03722550719976425, -0.0005811717710457742, 0.024120299145579338, 0.003398353233933449, 0.02550862729549408, 0.0025859521701931953, 0.04036831855773926, 0.03371654450893402, -0.0258137546479702, -0.02807169407606125, 0.0009420799324288964, -0....
4d95c85c610c56a7248d0f81c8f6ffe19648a757
subsection
58
76
Standard algebraic geometry methods for
As explained in Section , the LWPs are in 1-1 correspondence with the elements of \mathcal {R} / \mathcal { I } . The quotient ring is defined in terms of equivalence classes. Each equivalence class contains an LWP. There are standard algebraic geometry methods, based on Groebner bases, for the construction of the equi...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.022019432857632637, 0.03146505355834961, -0.042909663170576096, 0.023148633539676666, -0.024323614314198494, -0.057894475758075714, 0.061098966747522354, -0.012360180728137493, -0.012054990977048874, 0.0031053046695888042, -0.0080341175198555, -0.008705534972250462, -0.016678614541888237,...
9e33f36e712bb382a34e253176cc9a686aa2880f
subsection
59
76
Discussion and Future Directions.
We have considered the problem of constructing primary fields in free scalar CFTs in general dimensions, combining insights from , , and . This has been a fruitful avenue, with the key results described in the introduction and developed in the bulk of the paper.A number of future projects are suggested by our results. ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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e2f9ef911c0cff74d82905ba4779f6dc5cc87067
subsection
60
76
Further developing the analogy to tracelessness : a generalization of Brauer algebras
In section REF we developed an approach to the construction of LWPs, based on projectors acting on degree k polynomials in X_{ \mu }^A. These polynomials form a vector space isomorphic to the space of symmetric tensors \hbox{Sym} ^k ( V_{ dH} ) . It is useful to consider the tensor product V_{ dH}^{ \otimes k } where ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.033667076379060745, 0.01843600533902645, -0.015498149208724499, -0.0018962530884891748, -0.0036017363891005516, 0.007997075095772743, 0.05417865887284279, -0.000540832756087184, 0.03192725405097008, 0.03888654336333275, -0.027592962607741356, -0.0025467786472290754, 0.024540644139051437, ...
3be38146977fb9622af721bfa679bc352a6001af
subsection
61
76
Quadratic algebras and Koszul algebras.
We have shown that the LWPs are in 1-1 correspondence with the quotient ring \mathcal {R} / \mathcal { I } , where \mathcal {R} = \mathbb {C}[ X_{ \mu }^A ] and \mathcal { I } is generated by (REF ). This is an example of a quadratic algebra. These are defined by quotients of the tensor algebra T ( \mathbb { V } ) of...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.04429257661104202, 0.030830807983875275, -0.02559567615389824, 0.012492582201957703, -0.012408637441694736, -0.015919076278805733, 0.010981567203998566, 0.03168552368879318, 0.04682619869709015, 0.002800719579681754, -0.029976092278957367, -0.00021081710292492062, 0.003144131973385811, ...
eebcac64fd3bb85981c1fe1df8791da0cf42542a
subsection
62
76
Quadratic algebras and Koszul algebras.
An important observation is that T ( \mathbb {V} ) / < R > is a commutative algebra due to the presence of \Lambda ^{ 2 } ( V_{ dH } ) as a direct summand in R, while T ( \mathbb {V} ) / < R^{ \perp } > is not commutative due to the lack of such a direct summand.A special class of quadratic algebras are said to be Ko...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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8178f5daaa10de6954564be18964dddfdeb83129
subsection
63
76
Future direction : Coherence relations between two products.
We showed in that the OPE in free scalar theory can be used to define a commutative so(4,2) covariant algebra with a non-degenerate bilinear pairing. The crossing equation of CFT becomes ordinary associativity of the algebra. Here we have seen that there is an algebra controlling primary fields for every n. The interpl...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.022677840664982796, 0.02025134116411209, -0.057350821793079376, -0.005360424984246492, 0.004185328260064125, -0.028278624638915062, 0.003078905865550041, 0.0071955593302845955, 0.05942631885409355, 0.028339669108390808, -0.013124456629157066, -0.022983059287071228, 0.020159775391221046, ...
a827d974eb84d01a770aa5a08db6ee8a118cdb29
subsection
64
76
The invariant in
In this section we will give the derivation of (REF ). Inserting the explicit expressions for the S_{AI} we have&& \sum _{ I } S_{ C I } S_{ B I } S_{ A I } = \mathcal {N}_{ A } \mathcal {N}_{ B } \mathcal {N}_{ C } \sum _{ I } \left( - C ~ \delta _{ I , C +1 } + \sum _{ J_1 =1}^{ C } \delta _{ J_1 , I} \right) \cr && ...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.035579416900873184, 0.004386398941278458, -0.04336050525307655, -0.012182746082544327, -0.0037894672714173794, 0.013502479530870914, -0.006278271786868572, 0.06829050928354263, 0.018003307282924652, 0.01713365502655506, -0.01987992227077484, 0.00865837000310421, -0.011198666878044605, 0...
32a6552c35a2cc005ca618eb1b9356c2b76c0356
subsection
65
76
The invariant in
Define\Theta ( B > C ) && = 1 ~~~ \hbox{ if } B > C \cr && = 0 ~~~~ \hbox{ otherwise }We can then writeT_3 = AC \delta _{ A ,C } \Theta ( B > C )For the fourth term, we haveT_4 && = \sum _{ I =1}^{ n } \delta _{ I , C+1 } \sum _{ J_2 = 1 }^B \sum _{ J_3 =1 }^{ A } \delta _{ J_2 , I } \delta _{ J_3 , I } \cr && = \sum _...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ -0.01039828173816204, 0.04137951880693436, -0.03988423943519592, 0.00886486005038023, 0.0031564850360155106, -0.006541839335113764, -0.012610682286322117, 0.05544733256101608, 0.008719909004867077, 0.01765342988073826, -0.015273191966116428, -0.0026853964664041996, 0.002614828525111079, -0...
34e9d6809937012dffdf38dbbd443ed4caa70b71
subsection
66
76
The
The 3-index invariant \kappa _{ ABC } can be used to define a symmetric polynomial in z_1 , z_2 , \cdots , z_{ n -1} .&& \kappa ( z_1 , z_2 , \cdots , z_{ n-1} ) = \sum _{ A, B , C } \kappa _{ A , B , C } z_A z_B z_C \cr && = - \sum _{ A } A^3 z_A^3 + \sum _{ A > B } B^2 z_A z_B^2 + \sum _{ C > A } A^2 z_A^2 z_C + \su...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
[ 0.02584884501993656, 0.03894111514091492, -0.04409867897629738, -0.004173352383077145, 0.004730307962745428, -0.01899752765893936, 0.026413429528474808, 0.011314591392874718, -0.040344949811697006, -0.005588630214333534, -0.024063535034656525, 0.04654012620449066, -0.006420248653739691, -0...
42356d564a3fac7cb0cf323290835445910e8ccf
subsection
67
76
The
The third term can be manipulated by separated into the case B = C , the case A < B < C and the case A < C < B to give&& - 3 \sum _{ A < B < C } A z_A z_B z_C = - 3 \sum _{ A < B } A z_A z_B^2 - 3 \sum _{ A < B < C } A z_A z_B z_C - 3 \sum _{ A < C < B } A z_A z_B z_C \cr && = - 3 \sum _{ A < B } A z_A z_B^2 - 6 \sum _...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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69f631fa591bb997b4a86052f733f1d919527a9a
subsection
68
76
Examples of
Recall that V is the representation of so(4,2) that has all the states which correspond, by the operator-state correspondence, to the fundamental field and its derivatives. The unrefined generating function for the fundamental field of so(4,2) is (the factor in front of the trace below removes the contribution from the...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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87f847b814c70f1e7327c5d6c1340d749f2ea6f0
subsection
69
76
Examples of
For example, if n=4 we have the following four constraints (we have rescaled X^{(3)} by \sqrt{2})X^{(1)}\cdot X^{(2)}+X^{(1)}\cdot X^{\prime (3)}&=&0\cr X^{(1)}\cdot X^{(1)}-X^{(2)}X^{(2)}+X^{(2)}\cdot X^{\prime (3)}&=&0\cr X^{(1)}\cdot X^{(1)}+X^{(2)}\cdot X^{(2)}-4X^{\prime (3)}\cdot X^{\prime (3)}&=&0\cr X^{(1)}\cdo...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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6d0c3001c6d8c265f46dd7a7095a82002493b978
subsection
70
76
Examples of
We have(seefor example \cite{BHR2} for further explanation of this formula)\bea&& Dim ( V_{ \Lambda_2 , \Lambda_1 } ) = Mult ( V_H^{ \otimes k } , V_{ \Lambda_1}^{ S_n }  \otimes V_{\Lambda_2}^{ S_k }  ) \cr&& = { 1 \over n! k! } \sum_{ \sigma \in S_n } \sum_{ \tau \in S_k } \chi_{ \Lambda_1 } ( \sigma )\chi_{ \Lambda_...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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54bb078524e841692e93b25209ec7fb59ad27589
subsection
71
76
Examples of
Now note that we have\beatr_{V_H}  ( \sigma ) && = tr_{ nat } ( \sigma ) - tr_{ triv } ( \sigma ) \cr&& = C_1 ( \sigma ) - 1\eeaand\bea&& tr_H ( \sigma^i  ) =  C_1 ( \sigma^i  ) - 1  \cr&& = -1 + \sum_{ d | i  } d  C_d ( \sigma )\eeaWhen we raise a permutation to power $i$, all cycles of length $d$ which divide $i$spli...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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62443c8b8648b81378446bcad5b4325a6a5aed97
subsection
72
76
Examples of
These primaries transformin the spin $(l_1,l_2)$ representation of $so(4)$ and in the $\Lambda_n$ of $S_n$.\begin{table}[H]\center\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\hline$l_1$ & $l_2$ & $\Lambda_3$ & Mult\\\hline1 & 1 & [3] & 1\\\hline1 & 1 & [2, 1] & 1\\\hline0 & 1 & [1, 1, 1] & 1\\\hline1 & 0 & [1, 1, 1] & 1\\\hline\end{tabu...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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d8681a1fe8fa48e56d77208535a24cb0a6ea9168
subsection
73
76
Examples of
A. Cox, J. B. Little and D. O'Shea,``Ideals, Varieties, and Algorithms'' Fourth Edition, 2015, Springer.\bibitem{Eisenbud}Eisenbud, David (1995), Commutative algebra. With a view toward algebraic geometry, Graduate Texts in Mathematics,150, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 0-387-94268-8.\bibitem{Grigorescu}E. Grigorescu...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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99de8fc1b3ecef032f5be2c5d98caeb359648d1d
subsection
74
76
Examples of
1, 1985.\bibitem{cjr}S.~Corley, A.~Jevicki and S.~Ramgoolam,``Exact correlators of giant gravitons from dual N=4 SYM theory,''Adv.\ Theor.\ Math.\ Phys.\  {\bf 5} (2002) 809doi:10.4310/ATMP.2001.v5.n4.a6[hep-th/0111222].%%CITATION = doi:10.4310/ATMP.2001.v5.n4.a6;%%%397 citations counted in INSPIRE as of 03 Jun 2018\bi...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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8b0179b1854debbc894b6847af92d3905925c56a
subsection
75
76
Examples of
Polischchuk, L. Positselski, ``Quadratic Algebras'', University Lecture Series 37, Providence, R.I.American Mathematical Society.\bibitem{Wiki-Koszul}Wikipedia article on Koszul duality:\\https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koszul\_duality\bibitem{Szabo}R.~J.~Szabo,``Quantum field theory on noncommutative spaces,''Phys.\ Rep...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
10.1007/JHEP08(2018)088
1806.01085
Free field primaries in general dimensions: Counting and construction with rings and modules
[ "Robert de Mello Koch", "Sanjaye Ramgoolam" ]
[ "hep-th", "math.RT" ]
2,018
en
Physics
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e49bde553616c7dbfbd416dfae382c2c1d275c97
abstract
0
17
Abstract
In low-rank tensor completion tasks, due to the underlying multiple large-scale singular value decomposition (SVD) operations and rank selection problem of the traditional methods, they suffer from high computational cost and high sensitivity of model complexity. In this paper, taking advantages of high compressibility...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1805.08468
Rank Minimization on Tensor Ring: A New Paradigm in Scalable Tensor Decomposition and Completion
[ "Longhao Yuan", "Chao Li", "Danilo Mandic", "Jianting Cao", "Qibin Zhao" ]
[ "cs.NA", "cs.LG" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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d67fe8549fd8c2602d82b7b7752fb1251c4d95bc
subsection
1
17
Introduction
Tensor decomposition aims to find the latent factors of tensor valued data (i.e. the generalization of multi-dimensional arrays), thereby casting large-scale tensors into a multilinear tensor space of low-dimensionality (very few degree of freedom designated by the rank). Tensor factors can then be considered as latent...
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1805.08468
Rank Minimization on Tensor Ring: A New Paradigm in Scalable Tensor Decomposition and Completion
[ "Longhao Yuan", "Chao Li", "Danilo Mandic", "Jianting Cao", "Qibin Zhao" ]
[ "cs.NA", "cs.LG" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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2829c6355062513fa069976a4bd095cf173f2218
subsection
2
17
Introduction
However, the two methods need to perform multiple SVD operations on the matricization of tensors, and the computational complexity grows exponentially with tensor dimension. Other tensor completion algorithms, like alternating least squares (ALS) , and gradient-based algorithms , , need to specify the rank of the decom...
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1805.08468
Rank Minimization on Tensor Ring: A New Paradigm in Scalable Tensor Decomposition and Completion
[ "Longhao Yuan", "Chao Li", "Danilo Mandic", "Jianting Cao", "Qibin Zhao" ]
[ "cs.NA", "cs.LG" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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e18ef3bae136d6616b2b2ba48ab778c8704083fa
subsection
3
17
tensor ring decomposition
tensor ring (TR) decomposition is a more general decomposition than tensor-train (TT) decomposition, and it represents a tensor with large dimension by circular multilinear products over a sequence of low dimension cores. All of the cores corresponding to TR decomposition are order-three tensors, and are denoted by {\m...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1805.08468
Rank Minimization on Tensor Ring: A New Paradigm in Scalable Tensor Decomposition and Completion
[ "Longhao Yuan", "Chao Li", "Danilo Mandic", "Jianting Cao", "Qibin Zhao" ]
[ "cs.NA", "cs.LG" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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91dee911bac6be1a1045c6cc746bfcf2dcd8e22b
subsection
4
17
tensor ring decomposition
\Gamma _n(\cdot ) is the mode-n matricization operator of a tensor, i.e., if {\mathcal {X}}\in \mathbb {R}^{I_1\times I_2\times \cdots \times I_N}, then \Gamma _n(\mathbf {X})\in \mathbb {R}^{I_n \times {I_1 \cdots I_{n-1} I_{n+1} \cdots I_N}}. \Delta _n(\cdot ) is another type of mode-n matricization operator of a ten...
{ "cite_spans": [] }
1805.08468
Rank Minimization on Tensor Ring: A New Paradigm in Scalable Tensor Decomposition and Completion
[ "Longhao Yuan", "Chao Li", "Danilo Mandic", "Jianting Cao", "Qibin Zhao" ]
[ "cs.NA", "cs.LG" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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52e4677afa33a9507875ae1bd0016e462c98d647
subsection
5
17
Tensor completion by Schatten norm regularization
The low-rank tensor completion problem can be formulated as:\min \limits _{{\mathcal {X}}} \ \ \text{Rank}({\mathcal {X}}),\ s.t. \ P_{\Omega }({\mathcal {X}})=P_{\Omega }({\mathcal {T}}),and the model can be written in a unconstrained form by:\min \limits _{{\mathcal {X}}} \ \ \text{Rank}({\mathcal {X}})+\frac{1}{\lam...
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1805.08468
Rank Minimization on Tensor Ring: A New Paradigm in Scalable Tensor Decomposition and Completion
[ "Longhao Yuan", "Chao Li", "Danilo Mandic", "Jianting Cao", "Qibin Zhao" ]
[ "cs.NA", "cs.LG" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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0d526afca885ae610d345c8169776024174a6896
subsection
6
17
Tensor completion by tensor decomposition
Some other existing tensor completion algorithms do not employ a low-rank constraint to the tensor, and thus they do not find the low-rank tensor directly, instead, they try to find the low-rank representation (i.e. tensor factors) of the incomplete data by observed entries, then the obtained latent factors are used to...
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1805.08468
Rank Minimization on Tensor Ring: A New Paradigm in Scalable Tensor Decomposition and Completion
[ "Longhao Yuan", "Chao Li", "Danilo Mandic", "Jianting Cao", "Qibin Zhao" ]
[ "cs.NA", "cs.LG" ]
2,018
en
Computer Science
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