diffsynth/models/flux2_vae.py

# Copyright 2025 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import math
from typing import Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union, Callable

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from einops import rearrange
import torch.nn.functional as F
import inspect

ACT2CLS = {
    "swish": nn.SiLU,
    "silu": nn.SiLU,
    "mish": nn.Mish,
    "gelu": nn.GELU,
    "relu": nn.ReLU,
}

def get_activation(act_fn: str) -> nn.Module:
    """Helper function to get activation function from string.

    Args:
        act_fn (str): Name of activation function.

    Returns:
        nn.Module: Activation function.
    """

    act_fn = act_fn.lower()
    if act_fn in ACT2CLS:
        return ACT2CLS[act_fn]()
    else:
        raise ValueError(f"activation function {act_fn} not found in ACT2FN mapping {list(ACT2CLS.keys())}")

class ResnetBlock2D(nn.Module):
    r"""
    A Resnet block.

    Parameters:
        in_channels (`int`): The number of channels in the input.
        out_channels (`int`, *optional*, default to be `None`):
            The number of output channels for the first conv2d layer. If None, same as `in_channels`.
        dropout (`float`, *optional*, defaults to `0.0`): The dropout probability to use.
        temb_channels (`int`, *optional*, default to `512`): the number of channels in timestep embedding.
        groups (`int`, *optional*, default to `32`): The number of groups to use for the first normalization layer.
        groups_out (`int`, *optional*, default to None):
            The number of groups to use for the second normalization layer. if set to None, same as `groups`.
        eps (`float`, *optional*, defaults to `1e-6`): The epsilon to use for the normalization.
        non_linearity (`str`, *optional*, default to `"swish"`): the activation function to use.
        time_embedding_norm (`str`, *optional*, default to `"default"` ): Time scale shift config.
            By default, apply timestep embedding conditioning with a simple shift mechanism. Choose "scale_shift" for a
            stronger conditioning with scale and shift.
        kernel (`torch.Tensor`, optional, default to None): FIR filter, see
            [`~models.resnet.FirUpsample2D`] and [`~models.resnet.FirDownsample2D`].
        output_scale_factor (`float`, *optional*, default to be `1.0`): the scale factor to use for the output.
        use_in_shortcut (`bool`, *optional*, default to `True`):
            If `True`, add a 1x1 nn.conv2d layer for skip-connection.
        up (`bool`, *optional*, default to `False`): If `True`, add an upsample layer.
        down (`bool`, *optional*, default to `False`): If `True`, add a downsample layer.
        conv_shortcut_bias (`bool`, *optional*, default to `True`):  If `True`, adds a learnable bias to the
            `conv_shortcut` output.
        conv_2d_out_channels (`int`, *optional*, default to `None`): the number of channels in the output.
            If None, same as `out_channels`.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        in_channels: int,
        out_channels: Optional[int] = None,
        conv_shortcut: bool = False,
        dropout: float = 0.0,
        temb_channels: int = 512,
        groups: int = 32,
        groups_out: Optional[int] = None,
        pre_norm: bool = True,
        eps: float = 1e-6,
        non_linearity: str = "swish",
        skip_time_act: bool = False,
        time_embedding_norm: str = "default",  # default, scale_shift,
        kernel: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_scale_factor: float = 1.0,
        use_in_shortcut: Optional[bool] = None,
        up: bool = False,
        down: bool = False,
        conv_shortcut_bias: bool = True,
        conv_2d_out_channels: Optional[int] = None,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        if time_embedding_norm == "ada_group":
            raise ValueError(
                "This class cannot be used with `time_embedding_norm==ada_group`, please use `ResnetBlockCondNorm2D` instead",
            )
        if time_embedding_norm == "spatial":
            raise ValueError(
                "This class cannot be used with `time_embedding_norm==spatial`, please use `ResnetBlockCondNorm2D` instead",
            )

        self.pre_norm = True
        self.in_channels = in_channels
        out_channels = in_channels if out_channels is None else out_channels
        self.out_channels = out_channels
        self.use_conv_shortcut = conv_shortcut
        self.up = up
        self.down = down
        self.output_scale_factor = output_scale_factor
        self.time_embedding_norm = time_embedding_norm
        self.skip_time_act = skip_time_act

        if groups_out is None:
            groups_out = groups

        self.norm1 = torch.nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=groups, num_channels=in_channels, eps=eps, affine=True)

        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)

        if temb_channels is not None:
            if self.time_embedding_norm == "default":
                self.time_emb_proj = nn.Linear(temb_channels, out_channels)
            elif self.time_embedding_norm == "scale_shift":
                self.time_emb_proj = nn.Linear(temb_channels, 2 * out_channels)
            else:
                raise ValueError(f"unknown time_embedding_norm : {self.time_embedding_norm} ")
        else:
            self.time_emb_proj = None

        self.norm2 = torch.nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=groups_out, num_channels=out_channels, eps=eps, affine=True)

        self.dropout = torch.nn.Dropout(dropout)
        conv_2d_out_channels = conv_2d_out_channels or out_channels
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(out_channels, conv_2d_out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)

        self.nonlinearity = get_activation(non_linearity)

        self.upsample = self.downsample = None
        if self.up:
            if kernel == "fir":
                fir_kernel = (1, 3, 3, 1)
                self.upsample = lambda x: upsample_2d(x, kernel=fir_kernel)
            elif kernel == "sde_vp":
                self.upsample = partial(F.interpolate, scale_factor=2.0, mode="nearest")
            else:
                self.upsample = Upsample2D(in_channels, use_conv=False)
        elif self.down:
            if kernel == "fir":
                fir_kernel = (1, 3, 3, 1)
                self.downsample = lambda x: downsample_2d(x, kernel=fir_kernel)
            elif kernel == "sde_vp":
                self.downsample = partial(F.avg_pool2d, kernel_size=2, stride=2)
            else:
                self.downsample = Downsample2D(in_channels, use_conv=False, padding=1, name="op")

        self.use_in_shortcut = self.in_channels != conv_2d_out_channels if use_in_shortcut is None else use_in_shortcut

        self.conv_shortcut = None
        if self.use_in_shortcut:
            self.conv_shortcut = nn.Conv2d(
                in_channels,
                conv_2d_out_channels,
                kernel_size=1,
                stride=1,
                padding=0,
                bias=conv_shortcut_bias,
            )

    def forward(self, input_tensor: torch.Tensor, temb: torch.Tensor, *args, **kwargs) -> torch.Tensor:
        if len(args) > 0 or kwargs.get("scale", None) is not None:
            deprecation_message = "The `scale` argument is deprecated and will be ignored. Please remove it, as passing it will raise an error in the future. `scale` should directly be passed while calling the underlying pipeline component i.e., via `cross_attention_kwargs`."
            deprecate("scale", "1.0.0", deprecation_message)

        hidden_states = input_tensor

        hidden_states = self.norm1(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.nonlinearity(hidden_states)

        if self.upsample is not None:
            # upsample_nearest_nhwc fails with large batch sizes. see https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/issues/984
            if hidden_states.shape[0] >= 64:
                input_tensor = input_tensor.contiguous()
                hidden_states = hidden_states.contiguous()
            input_tensor = self.upsample(input_tensor)
            hidden_states = self.upsample(hidden_states)
        elif self.downsample is not None:
            input_tensor = self.downsample(input_tensor)
            hidden_states = self.downsample(hidden_states)

        hidden_states = self.conv1(hidden_states)

        if self.time_emb_proj is not None:
            if not self.skip_time_act:
                temb = self.nonlinearity(temb)
            temb = self.time_emb_proj(temb)[:, :, None, None]

        if self.time_embedding_norm == "default":
            if temb is not None:
                hidden_states = hidden_states + temb
            hidden_states = self.norm2(hidden_states)
        elif self.time_embedding_norm == "scale_shift":
            if temb is None:
                raise ValueError(
                    f" `temb` should not be None when `time_embedding_norm` is {self.time_embedding_norm}"
                )
            time_scale, time_shift = torch.chunk(temb, 2, dim=1)
            hidden_states = self.norm2(hidden_states)
            hidden_states = hidden_states * (1 + time_scale) + time_shift
        else:
            hidden_states = self.norm2(hidden_states)

        hidden_states = self.nonlinearity(hidden_states)

        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.conv2(hidden_states)

        if self.conv_shortcut is not None:
            input_tensor = self.conv_shortcut(input_tensor.contiguous())

        output_tensor = (input_tensor + hidden_states) / self.output_scale_factor

        return output_tensor

class Downsample2D(nn.Module):
    """A 2D downsampling layer with an optional convolution.

    Parameters:
        channels (`int`):
            number of channels in the inputs and outputs.
        use_conv (`bool`, default `False`):
            option to use a convolution.
        out_channels (`int`, optional):
            number of output channels. Defaults to `channels`.
        padding (`int`, default `1`):
            padding for the convolution.
        name (`str`, default `conv`):
            name of the downsampling 2D layer.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        channels: int,
        use_conv: bool = False,
        out_channels: Optional[int] = None,
        padding: int = 1,
        name: str = "conv",
        kernel_size=3,
        norm_type=None,
        eps=None,
        elementwise_affine=None,
        bias=True,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.channels = channels
        self.out_channels = out_channels or channels
        self.use_conv = use_conv
        self.padding = padding
        stride = 2
        self.name = name

        if norm_type == "ln_norm":
            self.norm = nn.LayerNorm(channels, eps, elementwise_affine)
        elif norm_type == "rms_norm":
            self.norm = RMSNorm(channels, eps, elementwise_affine)
        elif norm_type is None:
            self.norm = None
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"unknown norm_type: {norm_type}")

        if use_conv:
            conv = nn.Conv2d(
                self.channels, self.out_channels, kernel_size=kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, bias=bias
            )
        else:
            assert self.channels == self.out_channels
            conv = nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=stride, stride=stride)

        # TODO(Suraj, Patrick) - clean up after weight dicts are correctly renamed
        if name == "conv":
            self.Conv2d_0 = conv
            self.conv = conv
        elif name == "Conv2d_0":
            self.conv = conv
        else:
            self.conv = conv

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, *args, **kwargs) -> torch.Tensor:
        if len(args) > 0 or kwargs.get("scale", None) is not None:
            deprecation_message = "The `scale` argument is deprecated and will be ignored. Please remove it, as passing it will raise an error in the future. `scale` should directly be passed while calling the underlying pipeline component i.e., via `cross_attention_kwargs`."
            deprecate("scale", "1.0.0", deprecation_message)
        assert hidden_states.shape[1] == self.channels

        if self.norm is not None:
            hidden_states = self.norm(hidden_states.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)).permute(0, 3, 1, 2)

        if self.use_conv and self.padding == 0:
            pad = (0, 1, 0, 1)
            hidden_states = F.pad(hidden_states, pad, mode="constant", value=0)

        assert hidden_states.shape[1] == self.channels

        hidden_states = self.conv(hidden_states)

        return hidden_states

class Upsample2D(nn.Module):
    """A 2D upsampling layer with an optional convolution.

    Parameters:
        channels (`int`):
            number of channels in the inputs and outputs.
        use_conv (`bool`, default `False`):
            option to use a convolution.
        use_conv_transpose (`bool`, default `False`):
            option to use a convolution transpose.
        out_channels (`int`, optional):
            number of output channels. Defaults to `channels`.
        name (`str`, default `conv`):
            name of the upsampling 2D layer.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        channels: int,
        use_conv: bool = False,
        use_conv_transpose: bool = False,
        out_channels: Optional[int] = None,
        name: str = "conv",
        kernel_size: Optional[int] = None,
        padding=1,
        norm_type=None,
        eps=None,
        elementwise_affine=None,
        bias=True,
        interpolate=True,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.channels = channels
        self.out_channels = out_channels or channels
        self.use_conv = use_conv
        self.use_conv_transpose = use_conv_transpose
        self.name = name
        self.interpolate = interpolate

        if norm_type == "ln_norm":
            self.norm = nn.LayerNorm(channels, eps, elementwise_affine)
        elif norm_type == "rms_norm":
            self.norm = RMSNorm(channels, eps, elementwise_affine)
        elif norm_type is None:
            self.norm = None
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"unknown norm_type: {norm_type}")

        conv = None
        if use_conv_transpose:
            if kernel_size is None:
                kernel_size = 4
            conv = nn.ConvTranspose2d(
                channels, self.out_channels, kernel_size=kernel_size, stride=2, padding=padding, bias=bias
            )
        elif use_conv:
            if kernel_size is None:
                kernel_size = 3
            conv = nn.Conv2d(self.channels, self.out_channels, kernel_size=kernel_size, padding=padding, bias=bias)

        # TODO(Suraj, Patrick) - clean up after weight dicts are correctly renamed
        if name == "conv":
            self.conv = conv
        else:
            self.Conv2d_0 = conv

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, output_size: Optional[int] = None, *args, **kwargs) -> torch.Tensor:
        if len(args) > 0 or kwargs.get("scale", None) is not None:
            deprecation_message = "The `scale` argument is deprecated and will be ignored. Please remove it, as passing it will raise an error in the future. `scale` should directly be passed while calling the underlying pipeline component i.e., via `cross_attention_kwargs`."
            deprecate("scale", "1.0.0", deprecation_message)

        assert hidden_states.shape[1] == self.channels

        if self.norm is not None:
            hidden_states = self.norm(hidden_states.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)).permute(0, 3, 1, 2)

        if self.use_conv_transpose:
            return self.conv(hidden_states)

        # Cast to float32 to as 'upsample_nearest2d_out_frame' op does not support bfloat16 until PyTorch 2.1
        # https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/86679#issuecomment-1783978767
        dtype = hidden_states.dtype
        if dtype == torch.bfloat16:
            hidden_states = hidden_states.to(torch.float32)

        # upsample_nearest_nhwc fails with large batch sizes. see https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/issues/984
        if hidden_states.shape[0] >= 64:
            hidden_states = hidden_states.contiguous()

        # if `output_size` is passed we force the interpolation output
        # size and do not make use of `scale_factor=2`
        if self.interpolate:
            # upsample_nearest_nhwc also fails when the number of output elements is large
            # https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/141831
            scale_factor = (
                2 if output_size is None else max([f / s for f, s in zip(output_size, hidden_states.shape[-2:])])
            )
            if hidden_states.numel() * scale_factor > pow(2, 31):
                hidden_states = hidden_states.contiguous()

            if output_size is None:
                hidden_states = F.interpolate(hidden_states, scale_factor=2.0, mode="nearest")
            else:
                hidden_states = F.interpolate(hidden_states, size=output_size, mode="nearest")

        # Cast back to original dtype
        if dtype == torch.bfloat16:
            hidden_states = hidden_states.to(dtype)

        # TODO(Suraj, Patrick) - clean up after weight dicts are correctly renamed
        if self.use_conv:
            if self.name == "conv":
                hidden_states = self.conv(hidden_states)
            else:
                hidden_states = self.Conv2d_0(hidden_states)

        return hidden_states


class Attention(nn.Module):
    r"""
    A cross attention layer.

    Parameters:
        query_dim (`int`):
            The number of channels in the query.
        cross_attention_dim (`int`, *optional*):
            The number of channels in the encoder_hidden_states. If not given, defaults to `query_dim`.
        heads (`int`,  *optional*, defaults to 8):
            The number of heads to use for multi-head attention.
        kv_heads (`int`,  *optional*, defaults to `None`):
            The number of key and value heads to use for multi-head attention. Defaults to `heads`. If
            `kv_heads=heads`, the model will use Multi Head Attention (MHA), if `kv_heads=1` the model will use Multi
            Query Attention (MQA) otherwise GQA is used.
        dim_head (`int`,  *optional*, defaults to 64):
            The number of channels in each head.
        dropout (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 0.0):
            The dropout probability to use.
        bias (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to False):
            Set to `True` for the query, key, and value linear layers to contain a bias parameter.
        upcast_attention (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to False):
            Set to `True` to upcast the attention computation to `float32`.
        upcast_softmax (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to False):
            Set to `True` to upcast the softmax computation to `float32`.
        cross_attention_norm (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `None`):
            The type of normalization to use for the cross attention. Can be `None`, `layer_norm`, or `group_norm`.
        cross_attention_norm_num_groups (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 32):
            The number of groups to use for the group norm in the cross attention.
        added_kv_proj_dim (`int`, *optional*, defaults to `None`):
            The number of channels to use for the added key and value projections. If `None`, no projection is used.
        norm_num_groups (`int`, *optional*, defaults to `None`):
            The number of groups to use for the group norm in the attention.
        spatial_norm_dim (`int`, *optional*, defaults to `None`):
            The number of channels to use for the spatial normalization.
        out_bias (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
            Set to `True` to use a bias in the output linear layer.
        scale_qk (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
            Set to `True` to scale the query and key by `1 / sqrt(dim_head)`.
        only_cross_attention (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
            Set to `True` to only use cross attention and not added_kv_proj_dim. Can only be set to `True` if
            `added_kv_proj_dim` is not `None`.
        eps (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 1e-5):
            An additional value added to the denominator in group normalization that is used for numerical stability.
        rescale_output_factor (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 1.0):
            A factor to rescale the output by dividing it with this value.
        residual_connection (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
            Set to `True` to add the residual connection to the output.
        _from_deprecated_attn_block (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
            Set to `True` if the attention block is loaded from a deprecated state dict.
        processor (`AttnProcessor`, *optional*, defaults to `None`):
            The attention processor to use. If `None`, defaults to `AttnProcessor2_0` if `torch 2.x` is used and
            `AttnProcessor` otherwise.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        query_dim: int,
        cross_attention_dim: Optional[int] = None,
        heads: int = 8,
        kv_heads: Optional[int] = None,
        dim_head: int = 64,
        dropout: float = 0.0,
        bias: bool = False,
        upcast_attention: bool = False,
        upcast_softmax: bool = False,
        cross_attention_norm: Optional[str] = None,
        cross_attention_norm_num_groups: int = 32,
        qk_norm: Optional[str] = None,
        added_kv_proj_dim: Optional[int] = None,
        added_proj_bias: Optional[bool] = True,
        norm_num_groups: Optional[int] = None,
        spatial_norm_dim: Optional[int] = None,
        out_bias: bool = True,
        scale_qk: bool = True,
        only_cross_attention: bool = False,
        eps: float = 1e-5,
        rescale_output_factor: float = 1.0,
        residual_connection: bool = False,
        _from_deprecated_attn_block: bool = False,
        processor: Optional["AttnProcessor"] = None,
        out_dim: int = None,
        out_context_dim: int = None,
        context_pre_only=None,
        pre_only=False,
        elementwise_affine: bool = True,
        is_causal: bool = False,
    ):
        super().__init__()

        # To prevent circular import.
        # from .normalization import FP32LayerNorm, LpNorm, RMSNorm

        self.inner_dim = out_dim if out_dim is not None else dim_head * heads
        self.inner_kv_dim = self.inner_dim if kv_heads is None else dim_head * kv_heads
        self.query_dim = query_dim
        self.use_bias = bias
        self.is_cross_attention = cross_attention_dim is not None
        self.cross_attention_dim = cross_attention_dim if cross_attention_dim is not None else query_dim
        self.upcast_attention = upcast_attention
        self.upcast_softmax = upcast_softmax
        self.rescale_output_factor = rescale_output_factor
        self.residual_connection = residual_connection
        self.dropout = dropout
        self.fused_projections = False
        self.out_dim = out_dim if out_dim is not None else query_dim
        self.out_context_dim = out_context_dim if out_context_dim is not None else query_dim
        self.context_pre_only = context_pre_only
        self.pre_only = pre_only
        self.is_causal = is_causal

        # we make use of this private variable to know whether this class is loaded
        # with an deprecated state dict so that we can convert it on the fly
        self._from_deprecated_attn_block = _from_deprecated_attn_block

        self.scale_qk = scale_qk
        self.scale = dim_head**-0.5 if self.scale_qk else 1.0

        self.heads = out_dim // dim_head if out_dim is not None else heads
        # for slice_size > 0 the attention score computation
        # is split across the batch axis to save memory
        # You can set slice_size with `set_attention_slice`
        self.sliceable_head_dim = heads

        self.added_kv_proj_dim = added_kv_proj_dim
        self.only_cross_attention = only_cross_attention

        if self.added_kv_proj_dim is None and self.only_cross_attention:
            raise ValueError(
                "`only_cross_attention` can only be set to True if `added_kv_proj_dim` is not None. Make sure to set either `only_cross_attention=False` or define `added_kv_proj_dim`."
            )

        if norm_num_groups is not None:
            self.group_norm = nn.GroupNorm(num_channels=query_dim, num_groups=norm_num_groups, eps=eps, affine=True)
        else:
            self.group_norm = None

        if spatial_norm_dim is not None:
            self.spatial_norm = SpatialNorm(f_channels=query_dim, zq_channels=spatial_norm_dim)
        else:
            self.spatial_norm = None

        if qk_norm is None:
            self.norm_q = None
            self.norm_k = None
        elif qk_norm == "layer_norm":
            self.norm_q = nn.LayerNorm(dim_head, eps=eps, elementwise_affine=elementwise_affine)
            self.norm_k = nn.LayerNorm(dim_head, eps=eps, elementwise_affine=elementwise_affine)
        elif qk_norm == "fp32_layer_norm":
            self.norm_q = FP32LayerNorm(dim_head, elementwise_affine=False, bias=False, eps=eps)
            self.norm_k = FP32LayerNorm(dim_head, elementwise_affine=False, bias=False, eps=eps)
        elif qk_norm == "layer_norm_across_heads":
            # Lumina applies qk norm across all heads
            self.norm_q = nn.LayerNorm(dim_head * heads, eps=eps)
            self.norm_k = nn.LayerNorm(dim_head * kv_heads, eps=eps)
        elif qk_norm == "rms_norm":
            self.norm_q = RMSNorm(dim_head, eps=eps, elementwise_affine=elementwise_affine)
            self.norm_k = RMSNorm(dim_head, eps=eps, elementwise_affine=elementwise_affine)
        elif qk_norm == "rms_norm_across_heads":
            # LTX applies qk norm across all heads
            self.norm_q = RMSNorm(dim_head * heads, eps=eps)
            self.norm_k = RMSNorm(dim_head * kv_heads, eps=eps)
        elif qk_norm == "l2":
            self.norm_q = LpNorm(p=2, dim=-1, eps=eps)
            self.norm_k = LpNorm(p=2, dim=-1, eps=eps)
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"unknown qk_norm: {qk_norm}. Should be one of None, 'layer_norm', 'fp32_layer_norm', 'layer_norm_across_heads', 'rms_norm', 'rms_norm_across_heads', 'l2'."
            )

        if cross_attention_norm is None:
            self.norm_cross = None
        elif cross_attention_norm == "layer_norm":
            self.norm_cross = nn.LayerNorm(self.cross_attention_dim)
        elif cross_attention_norm == "group_norm":
            if self.added_kv_proj_dim is not None:
                # The given `encoder_hidden_states` are initially of shape
                # (batch_size, seq_len, added_kv_proj_dim) before being projected
                # to (batch_size, seq_len, cross_attention_dim). The norm is applied
                # before the projection, so we need to use `added_kv_proj_dim` as
                # the number of channels for the group norm.
                norm_cross_num_channels = added_kv_proj_dim
            else:
                norm_cross_num_channels = self.cross_attention_dim

            self.norm_cross = nn.GroupNorm(
                num_channels=norm_cross_num_channels, num_groups=cross_attention_norm_num_groups, eps=1e-5, affine=True
            )
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"unknown cross_attention_norm: {cross_attention_norm}. Should be None, 'layer_norm' or 'group_norm'"
            )

        self.to_q = nn.Linear(query_dim, self.inner_dim, bias=bias)

        if not self.only_cross_attention:
            # only relevant for the `AddedKVProcessor` classes
            self.to_k = nn.Linear(self.cross_attention_dim, self.inner_kv_dim, bias=bias)
            self.to_v = nn.Linear(self.cross_attention_dim, self.inner_kv_dim, bias=bias)
        else:
            self.to_k = None
            self.to_v = None

        self.added_proj_bias = added_proj_bias
        if self.added_kv_proj_dim is not None:
            self.add_k_proj = nn.Linear(added_kv_proj_dim, self.inner_kv_dim, bias=added_proj_bias)
            self.add_v_proj = nn.Linear(added_kv_proj_dim, self.inner_kv_dim, bias=added_proj_bias)
            if self.context_pre_only is not None:
                self.add_q_proj = nn.Linear(added_kv_proj_dim, self.inner_dim, bias=added_proj_bias)
        else:
            self.add_q_proj = None
            self.add_k_proj = None
            self.add_v_proj = None

        if not self.pre_only:
            self.to_out = nn.ModuleList([])
            self.to_out.append(nn.Linear(self.inner_dim, self.out_dim, bias=out_bias))
            self.to_out.append(nn.Dropout(dropout))
        else:
            self.to_out = None

        if self.context_pre_only is not None and not self.context_pre_only:
            self.to_add_out = nn.Linear(self.inner_dim, self.out_context_dim, bias=out_bias)
        else:
            self.to_add_out = None

        if qk_norm is not None and added_kv_proj_dim is not None:
            if qk_norm == "layer_norm":
                self.norm_added_q = nn.LayerNorm(dim_head, eps=eps, elementwise_affine=elementwise_affine)
                self.norm_added_k = nn.LayerNorm(dim_head, eps=eps, elementwise_affine=elementwise_affine)
            elif qk_norm == "fp32_layer_norm":
                self.norm_added_q = FP32LayerNorm(dim_head, elementwise_affine=False, bias=False, eps=eps)
                self.norm_added_k = FP32LayerNorm(dim_head, elementwise_affine=False, bias=False, eps=eps)
            elif qk_norm == "rms_norm":
                self.norm_added_q = RMSNorm(dim_head, eps=eps)
                self.norm_added_k = RMSNorm(dim_head, eps=eps)
            elif qk_norm == "rms_norm_across_heads":
                # Wan applies qk norm across all heads
                # Wan also doesn't apply a q norm
                self.norm_added_q = None
                self.norm_added_k = RMSNorm(dim_head * kv_heads, eps=eps)
            else:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"unknown qk_norm: {qk_norm}. Should be one of `None,'layer_norm','fp32_layer_norm','rms_norm'`"
                )
        else:
            self.norm_added_q = None
            self.norm_added_k = None

        # set attention processor
        # We use the AttnProcessor2_0 by default when torch 2.x is used which uses
        # torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention for native Flash/memory_efficient_attention
        # but only if it has the default `scale` argument. TODO remove scale_qk check when we move to torch 2.1
        if processor is None:
            processor = (
                AttnProcessor2_0() if hasattr(F, "scaled_dot_product_attention") and self.scale_qk else AttnProcessor()
            )
        self.set_processor(processor)

    def set_use_xla_flash_attention(
        self,
        use_xla_flash_attention: bool,
        partition_spec: Optional[Tuple[Optional[str], ...]] = None,
        is_flux=False,
    ) -> None:
        r"""
        Set whether to use xla flash attention from `torch_xla` or not.

        Args:
            use_xla_flash_attention (`bool`):
                Whether to use pallas flash attention kernel from `torch_xla` or not.
            partition_spec (`Tuple[]`, *optional*):
                Specify the partition specification if using SPMD. Otherwise None.
        """
        if use_xla_flash_attention:
            if not is_torch_xla_available:
                raise "torch_xla is not available"
            elif is_torch_xla_version("<", "2.3"):
                raise "flash attention pallas kernel is supported from torch_xla version 2.3"
            elif is_spmd() and is_torch_xla_version("<", "2.4"):
                raise "flash attention pallas kernel using SPMD is supported from torch_xla version 2.4"
            else:
                if is_flux:
                    processor = XLAFluxFlashAttnProcessor2_0(partition_spec)
                else:
                    processor = XLAFlashAttnProcessor2_0(partition_spec)
        else:
            processor = (
                AttnProcessor2_0() if hasattr(F, "scaled_dot_product_attention") and self.scale_qk else AttnProcessor()
            )
        self.set_processor(processor)

    def set_use_npu_flash_attention(self, use_npu_flash_attention: bool) -> None:
        r"""
        Set whether to use npu flash attention from `torch_npu` or not.

        """
        if use_npu_flash_attention:
            processor = AttnProcessorNPU()
        else:
            # set attention processor
            # We use the AttnProcessor2_0 by default when torch 2.x is used which uses
            # torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention for native Flash/memory_efficient_attention
            # but only if it has the default `scale` argument. TODO remove scale_qk check when we move to torch 2.1
            processor = (
                AttnProcessor2_0() if hasattr(F, "scaled_dot_product_attention") and self.scale_qk else AttnProcessor()
            )
        self.set_processor(processor)

    def set_use_memory_efficient_attention_xformers(
        self, use_memory_efficient_attention_xformers: bool, attention_op: Optional[Callable] = None
    ) -> None:
        r"""
        Set whether to use memory efficient attention from `xformers` or not.

        Args:
            use_memory_efficient_attention_xformers (`bool`):
                Whether to use memory efficient attention from `xformers` or not.
            attention_op (`Callable`, *optional*):
                The attention operation to use. Defaults to `None` which uses the default attention operation from
                `xformers`.
        """
        is_custom_diffusion = hasattr(self, "processor") and isinstance(
            self.processor,
            (CustomDiffusionAttnProcessor, CustomDiffusionXFormersAttnProcessor, CustomDiffusionAttnProcessor2_0),
        )
        is_added_kv_processor = hasattr(self, "processor") and isinstance(
            self.processor,
            (
                AttnAddedKVProcessor,
                AttnAddedKVProcessor2_0,
                SlicedAttnAddedKVProcessor,
                XFormersAttnAddedKVProcessor,
            ),
        )
        is_ip_adapter = hasattr(self, "processor") and isinstance(
            self.processor,
            (IPAdapterAttnProcessor, IPAdapterAttnProcessor2_0, IPAdapterXFormersAttnProcessor),
        )
        is_joint_processor = hasattr(self, "processor") and isinstance(
            self.processor,
            (
                JointAttnProcessor2_0,
                XFormersJointAttnProcessor,
            ),
        )

        if use_memory_efficient_attention_xformers:
            if is_added_kv_processor and is_custom_diffusion:
                raise NotImplementedError(
                    f"Memory efficient attention is currently not supported for custom diffusion for attention processor type {self.processor}"
                )
            if not is_xformers_available():
                raise ModuleNotFoundError(
                    (
                        "Refer to https://github.com/facebookresearch/xformers for more information on how to install"
                        " xformers"
                    ),
                    name="xformers",
                )
            elif not torch.cuda.is_available():
                raise ValueError(
                    "torch.cuda.is_available() should be True but is False. xformers' memory efficient attention is"
                    " only available for GPU "
                )
            else:
                try:
                    # Make sure we can run the memory efficient attention
                    dtype = None
                    if attention_op is not None:
                        op_fw, op_bw = attention_op
                        dtype, *_ = op_fw.SUPPORTED_DTYPES
                    q = torch.randn((1, 2, 40), device="cuda", dtype=dtype)
                    _ = xformers.ops.memory_efficient_attention(q, q, q)
                except Exception as e:
                    raise e

            if is_custom_diffusion:
                processor = CustomDiffusionXFormersAttnProcessor(
                    train_kv=self.processor.train_kv,
                    train_q_out=self.processor.train_q_out,
                    hidden_size=self.processor.hidden_size,
                    cross_attention_dim=self.processor.cross_attention_dim,
                    attention_op=attention_op,
                )
                processor.load_state_dict(self.processor.state_dict())
                if hasattr(self.processor, "to_k_custom_diffusion"):
                    processor.to(self.processor.to_k_custom_diffusion.weight.device)
            elif is_added_kv_processor:
                # TODO(Patrick, Suraj, William) - currently xformers doesn't work for UnCLIP
                # which uses this type of cross attention ONLY because the attention mask of format
                # [0, ..., -10.000, ..., 0, ...,] is not supported
                # throw warning
                logger.info(
                    "Memory efficient attention with `xformers` might currently not work correctly if an attention mask is required for the attention operation."
                )
                processor = XFormersAttnAddedKVProcessor(attention_op=attention_op)
            elif is_ip_adapter:
                processor = IPAdapterXFormersAttnProcessor(
                    hidden_size=self.processor.hidden_size,
                    cross_attention_dim=self.processor.cross_attention_dim,
                    num_tokens=self.processor.num_tokens,
                    scale=self.processor.scale,
                    attention_op=attention_op,
                )
                processor.load_state_dict(self.processor.state_dict())
                if hasattr(self.processor, "to_k_ip"):
                    processor.to(
                        device=self.processor.to_k_ip[0].weight.device, dtype=self.processor.to_k_ip[0].weight.dtype
                    )
            elif is_joint_processor:
                processor = XFormersJointAttnProcessor(attention_op=attention_op)
            else:
                processor = XFormersAttnProcessor(attention_op=attention_op)
        else:
            if is_custom_diffusion:
                attn_processor_class = (
                    CustomDiffusionAttnProcessor2_0
                    if hasattr(F, "scaled_dot_product_attention")
                    else CustomDiffusionAttnProcessor
                )
                processor = attn_processor_class(
                    train_kv=self.processor.train_kv,
                    train_q_out=self.processor.train_q_out,
                    hidden_size=self.processor.hidden_size,
                    cross_attention_dim=self.processor.cross_attention_dim,
                )
                processor.load_state_dict(self.processor.state_dict())
                if hasattr(self.processor, "to_k_custom_diffusion"):
                    processor.to(self.processor.to_k_custom_diffusion.weight.device)
            elif is_ip_adapter:
                processor = IPAdapterAttnProcessor2_0(
                    hidden_size=self.processor.hidden_size,
                    cross_attention_dim=self.processor.cross_attention_dim,
                    num_tokens=self.processor.num_tokens,
                    scale=self.processor.scale,
                )
                processor.load_state_dict(self.processor.state_dict())
                if hasattr(self.processor, "to_k_ip"):
                    processor.to(
                        device=self.processor.to_k_ip[0].weight.device, dtype=self.processor.to_k_ip[0].weight.dtype
                    )
            else:
                # set attention processor
                # We use the AttnProcessor2_0 by default when torch 2.x is used which uses
                # torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention for native Flash/memory_efficient_attention
                # but only if it has the default `scale` argument. TODO remove scale_qk check when we move to torch 2.1
                processor = (
                    AttnProcessor2_0()
                    if hasattr(F, "scaled_dot_product_attention") and self.scale_qk
                    else AttnProcessor()
                )

        self.set_processor(processor)

    def set_attention_slice(self, slice_size: int) -> None:
        r"""
        Set the slice size for attention computation.

        Args:
            slice_size (`int`):
                The slice size for attention computation.
        """
        if slice_size is not None and slice_size > self.sliceable_head_dim:
            raise ValueError(f"slice_size {slice_size} has to be smaller or equal to {self.sliceable_head_dim}.")

        if slice_size is not None and self.added_kv_proj_dim is not None:
            processor = SlicedAttnAddedKVProcessor(slice_size)
        elif slice_size is not None:
            processor = SlicedAttnProcessor(slice_size)
        elif self.added_kv_proj_dim is not None:
            processor = AttnAddedKVProcessor()
        else:
            # set attention processor
            # We use the AttnProcessor2_0 by default when torch 2.x is used which uses
            # torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention for native Flash/memory_efficient_attention
            # but only if it has the default `scale` argument. TODO remove scale_qk check when we move to torch 2.1
            processor = (
                AttnProcessor2_0() if hasattr(F, "scaled_dot_product_attention") and self.scale_qk else AttnProcessor()
            )

        self.set_processor(processor)

    def set_processor(self, processor: "AttnProcessor") -> None:
        r"""
        Set the attention processor to use.

        Args:
            processor (`AttnProcessor`):
                The attention processor to use.
        """
        # if current processor is in `self._modules` and if passed `processor` is not, we need to
        # pop `processor` from `self._modules`
        if (
            hasattr(self, "processor")
            and isinstance(self.processor, torch.nn.Module)
            and not isinstance(processor, torch.nn.Module)
        ):
            logger.info(f"You are removing possibly trained weights of {self.processor} with {processor}")
            self._modules.pop("processor")

        self.processor = processor

    def get_processor(self, return_deprecated_lora: bool = False) -> "AttentionProcessor":
        r"""
        Get the attention processor in use.

        Args:
            return_deprecated_lora (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
                Set to `True` to return the deprecated LoRA attention processor.

        Returns:
            "AttentionProcessor": The attention processor in use.
        """
        if not return_deprecated_lora:
            return self.processor

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        **cross_attention_kwargs,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        r"""
        The forward method of the `Attention` class.

        Args:
            hidden_states (`torch.Tensor`):
                The hidden states of the query.
            encoder_hidden_states (`torch.Tensor`, *optional*):
                The hidden states of the encoder.
            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`, *optional*):
                The attention mask to use. If `None`, no mask is applied.
            **cross_attention_kwargs:
                Additional keyword arguments to pass along to the cross attention.

        Returns:
            `torch.Tensor`: The output of the attention layer.
        """
        # The `Attention` class can call different attention processors / attention functions
        # here we simply pass along all tensors to the selected processor class
        # For standard processors that are defined here, `**cross_attention_kwargs` is empty

        attn_parameters = set(inspect.signature(self.processor.__call__).parameters.keys())
        quiet_attn_parameters = {"ip_adapter_masks", "ip_hidden_states"}
        unused_kwargs = [
            k for k, _ in cross_attention_kwargs.items() if k not in attn_parameters and k not in quiet_attn_parameters
        ]
        if len(unused_kwargs) > 0:
            logger.warning(
                f"cross_attention_kwargs {unused_kwargs} are not expected by {self.processor.__class__.__name__} and will be ignored."
            )
        cross_attention_kwargs = {k: w for k, w in cross_attention_kwargs.items() if k in attn_parameters}

        return self.processor(
            self,
            hidden_states,
            encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            **cross_attention_kwargs,
        )

    def batch_to_head_dim(self, tensor: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        r"""
        Reshape the tensor from `[batch_size, seq_len, dim]` to `[batch_size // heads, seq_len, dim * heads]`. `heads`
        is the number of heads initialized while constructing the `Attention` class.

        Args:
            tensor (`torch.Tensor`): The tensor to reshape.

        Returns:
            `torch.Tensor`: The reshaped tensor.
        """
        head_size = self.heads
        batch_size, seq_len, dim = tensor.shape
        tensor = tensor.reshape(batch_size // head_size, head_size, seq_len, dim)
        tensor = tensor.permute(0, 2, 1, 3).reshape(batch_size // head_size, seq_len, dim * head_size)
        return tensor

    def head_to_batch_dim(self, tensor: torch.Tensor, out_dim: int = 3) -> torch.Tensor:
        r"""
        Reshape the tensor from `[batch_size, seq_len, dim]` to `[batch_size, seq_len, heads, dim // heads]` `heads` is
        the number of heads initialized while constructing the `Attention` class.

        Args:
            tensor (`torch.Tensor`): The tensor to reshape.
            out_dim (`int`, *optional*, defaults to `3`): The output dimension of the tensor. If `3`, the tensor is
                reshaped to `[batch_size * heads, seq_len, dim // heads]`.

        Returns:
            `torch.Tensor`: The reshaped tensor.
        """
        head_size = self.heads
        if tensor.ndim == 3:
            batch_size, seq_len, dim = tensor.shape
            extra_dim = 1
        else:
            batch_size, extra_dim, seq_len, dim = tensor.shape
        tensor = tensor.reshape(batch_size, seq_len * extra_dim, head_size, dim // head_size)
        tensor = tensor.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)

        if out_dim == 3:
            tensor = tensor.reshape(batch_size * head_size, seq_len * extra_dim, dim // head_size)

        return tensor

    def get_attention_scores(
        self, query: torch.Tensor, key: torch.Tensor, attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        r"""
        Compute the attention scores.

        Args:
            query (`torch.Tensor`): The query tensor.
            key (`torch.Tensor`): The key tensor.
            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`, *optional*): The attention mask to use. If `None`, no mask is applied.

        Returns:
            `torch.Tensor`: The attention probabilities/scores.
        """
        dtype = query.dtype
        if self.upcast_attention:
            query = query.float()
            key = key.float()

        if attention_mask is None:
            baddbmm_input = torch.empty(
                query.shape[0], query.shape[1], key.shape[1], dtype=query.dtype, device=query.device
            )
            beta = 0
        else:
            baddbmm_input = attention_mask
            beta = 1

        attention_scores = torch.baddbmm(
            baddbmm_input,
            query,
            key.transpose(-1, -2),
            beta=beta,
            alpha=self.scale,
        )
        del baddbmm_input

        if self.upcast_softmax:
            attention_scores = attention_scores.float()

        attention_probs = attention_scores.softmax(dim=-1)
        del attention_scores

        attention_probs = attention_probs.to(dtype)

        return attention_probs

    def prepare_attention_mask(
        self, attention_mask: torch.Tensor, target_length: int, batch_size: int, out_dim: int = 3
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        r"""
        Prepare the attention mask for the attention computation.

        Args:
            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`):
                The attention mask to prepare.
            target_length (`int`):
                The target length of the attention mask. This is the length of the attention mask after padding.
            batch_size (`int`):
                The batch size, which is used to repeat the attention mask.
            out_dim (`int`, *optional*, defaults to `3`):
                The output dimension of the attention mask. Can be either `3` or `4`.

        Returns:
            `torch.Tensor`: The prepared attention mask.
        """
        head_size = self.heads
        if attention_mask is None:
            return attention_mask

        current_length: int = attention_mask.shape[-1]
        if current_length != target_length:
            if attention_mask.device.type == "mps":
                # HACK: MPS: Does not support padding by greater than dimension of input tensor.
                # Instead, we can manually construct the padding tensor.
                padding_shape = (attention_mask.shape[0], attention_mask.shape[1], target_length)
                padding = torch.zeros(padding_shape, dtype=attention_mask.dtype, device=attention_mask.device)
                attention_mask = torch.cat([attention_mask, padding], dim=2)
            else:
                # TODO: for pipelines such as stable-diffusion, padding cross-attn mask:
                #       we want to instead pad by (0, remaining_length), where remaining_length is:
                #       remaining_length: int = target_length - current_length
                # TODO: re-enable tests/models/test_models_unet_2d_condition.py#test_model_xattn_padding
                attention_mask = F.pad(attention_mask, (0, target_length), value=0.0)

        if out_dim == 3:
            if attention_mask.shape[0] < batch_size * head_size:
                attention_mask = attention_mask.repeat_interleave(
                    head_size, dim=0, output_size=attention_mask.shape[0] * head_size
                )
        elif out_dim == 4:
            attention_mask = attention_mask.unsqueeze(1)
            attention_mask = attention_mask.repeat_interleave(
                head_size, dim=1, output_size=attention_mask.shape[1] * head_size
            )

        return attention_mask

    def norm_encoder_hidden_states(self, encoder_hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        r"""
        Normalize the encoder hidden states. Requires `self.norm_cross` to be specified when constructing the
        `Attention` class.

        Args:
            encoder_hidden_states (`torch.Tensor`): Hidden states of the encoder.

        Returns:
            `torch.Tensor`: The normalized encoder hidden states.
        """
        assert self.norm_cross is not None, "self.norm_cross must be defined to call self.norm_encoder_hidden_states"

        if isinstance(self.norm_cross, nn.LayerNorm):
            encoder_hidden_states = self.norm_cross(encoder_hidden_states)
        elif isinstance(self.norm_cross, nn.GroupNorm):
            # Group norm norms along the channels dimension and expects
            # input to be in the shape of (N, C, *). In this case, we want
            # to norm along the hidden dimension, so we need to move
            # (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size) ->
            # (batch_size, hidden_size, sequence_length)
            encoder_hidden_states = encoder_hidden_states.transpose(1, 2)
            encoder_hidden_states = self.norm_cross(encoder_hidden_states)
            encoder_hidden_states = encoder_hidden_states.transpose(1, 2)
        else:
            assert False

        return encoder_hidden_states

    @torch.no_grad()
    def fuse_projections(self, fuse=True):
        device = self.to_q.weight.data.device
        dtype = self.to_q.weight.data.dtype

        if not self.is_cross_attention:
            # fetch weight matrices.
            concatenated_weights = torch.cat([self.to_q.weight.data, self.to_k.weight.data, self.to_v.weight.data])
            in_features = concatenated_weights.shape[1]
            out_features = concatenated_weights.shape[0]

            # create a new single projection layer and copy over the weights.
            self.to_qkv = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features, bias=self.use_bias, device=device, dtype=dtype)
            self.to_qkv.weight.copy_(concatenated_weights)
            if self.use_bias:
                concatenated_bias = torch.cat([self.to_q.bias.data, self.to_k.bias.data, self.to_v.bias.data])
                self.to_qkv.bias.copy_(concatenated_bias)

        else:
            concatenated_weights = torch.cat([self.to_k.weight.data, self.to_v.weight.data])
            in_features = concatenated_weights.shape[1]
            out_features = concatenated_weights.shape[0]

            self.to_kv = nn.Linear(in_features, out_features, bias=self.use_bias, device=device, dtype=dtype)
            self.to_kv.weight.copy_(concatenated_weights)
            if self.use_bias:
                concatenated_bias = torch.cat([self.to_k.bias.data, self.to_v.bias.data])
                self.to_kv.bias.copy_(concatenated_bias)

        # handle added projections for SD3 and others.
        if (
            getattr(self, "add_q_proj", None) is not None
            and getattr(self, "add_k_proj", None) is not None
            and getattr(self, "add_v_proj", None) is not None
        ):
            concatenated_weights = torch.cat(
                [self.add_q_proj.weight.data, self.add_k_proj.weight.data, self.add_v_proj.weight.data]
            )
            in_features = concatenated_weights.shape[1]
            out_features = concatenated_weights.shape[0]

            self.to_added_qkv = nn.Linear(
                in_features, out_features, bias=self.added_proj_bias, device=device, dtype=dtype
            )
            self.to_added_qkv.weight.copy_(concatenated_weights)
            if self.added_proj_bias:
                concatenated_bias = torch.cat(
                    [self.add_q_proj.bias.data, self.add_k_proj.bias.data, self.add_v_proj.bias.data]
                )
                self.to_added_qkv.bias.copy_(concatenated_bias)

        self.fused_projections = fuse

class AttnProcessor2_0:
    r"""
    Processor for implementing scaled dot-product attention (enabled by default if you're using PyTorch 2.0).
    """

    def __init__(self):
        if not hasattr(F, "scaled_dot_product_attention"):
            raise ImportError("AttnProcessor2_0 requires PyTorch 2.0, to use it, please upgrade PyTorch to 2.0.")

    def __call__(
        self,
        attn: Attention,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        temb: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        *args,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        if len(args) > 0 or kwargs.get("scale", None) is not None:
            deprecation_message = "The `scale` argument is deprecated and will be ignored. Please remove it, as passing it will raise an error in the future. `scale` should directly be passed while calling the underlying pipeline component i.e., via `cross_attention_kwargs`."
            deprecate("scale", "1.0.0", deprecation_message)

        residual = hidden_states
        if attn.spatial_norm is not None:
            hidden_states = attn.spatial_norm(hidden_states, temb)

        input_ndim = hidden_states.ndim

        if input_ndim == 4:
            batch_size, channel, height, width = hidden_states.shape
            hidden_states = hidden_states.view(batch_size, channel, height * width).transpose(1, 2)

        batch_size, sequence_length, _ = (
            hidden_states.shape if encoder_hidden_states is None else encoder_hidden_states.shape
        )

        if attention_mask is not None:
            attention_mask = attn.prepare_attention_mask(attention_mask, sequence_length, batch_size)
            # scaled_dot_product_attention expects attention_mask shape to be
            # (batch, heads, source_length, target_length)
            attention_mask = attention_mask.view(batch_size, attn.heads, -1, attention_mask.shape[-1])

        if attn.group_norm is not None:
            hidden_states = attn.group_norm(hidden_states.transpose(1, 2)).transpose(1, 2)

        query = attn.to_q(hidden_states)

        if encoder_hidden_states is None:
            encoder_hidden_states = hidden_states
        elif attn.norm_cross:
            encoder_hidden_states = attn.norm_encoder_hidden_states(encoder_hidden_states)

        key = attn.to_k(encoder_hidden_states)
        value = attn.to_v(encoder_hidden_states)

        inner_dim = key.shape[-1]
        head_dim = inner_dim // attn.heads

        query = query.view(batch_size, -1, attn.heads, head_dim).transpose(1, 2)

        key = key.view(batch_size, -1, attn.heads, head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
        value = value.view(batch_size, -1, attn.heads, head_dim).transpose(1, 2)

        if attn.norm_q is not None:
            query = attn.norm_q(query)
        if attn.norm_k is not None:
            key = attn.norm_k(key)

        # the output of sdp = (batch, num_heads, seq_len, head_dim)
        # TODO: add support for attn.scale when we move to Torch 2.1
        hidden_states = F.scaled_dot_product_attention(
            query, key, value, attn_mask=attention_mask, dropout_p=0.0, is_causal=False
        )

        hidden_states = hidden_states.transpose(1, 2).reshape(batch_size, -1, attn.heads * head_dim)
        hidden_states = hidden_states.to(query.dtype)

        # linear proj
        hidden_states = attn.to_out[0](hidden_states)
        # dropout
        hidden_states = attn.to_out[1](hidden_states)

        if input_ndim == 4:
            hidden_states = hidden_states.transpose(-1, -2).reshape(batch_size, channel, height, width)

        if attn.residual_connection:
            hidden_states = hidden_states + residual

        hidden_states = hidden_states / attn.rescale_output_factor

        return hidden_states

class UNetMidBlock2D(nn.Module):
    """
    A 2D UNet mid-block [`UNetMidBlock2D`] with multiple residual blocks and optional attention blocks.

    Args:
        in_channels (`int`): The number of input channels.
        temb_channels (`int`): The number of temporal embedding channels.
        dropout (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 0.0): The dropout rate.
        num_layers (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 1): The number of residual blocks.
        resnet_eps (`float`, *optional*, 1e-6 ): The epsilon value for the resnet blocks.
        resnet_time_scale_shift (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `default`):
            The type of normalization to apply to the time embeddings. This can help to improve the performance of the
            model on tasks with long-range temporal dependencies.
        resnet_act_fn (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `swish`): The activation function for the resnet blocks.
        resnet_groups (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 32):
            The number of groups to use in the group normalization layers of the resnet blocks.
        attn_groups (`Optional[int]`, *optional*, defaults to None): The number of groups for the attention blocks.
        resnet_pre_norm (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
            Whether to use pre-normalization for the resnet blocks.
        add_attention (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`): Whether to add attention blocks.
        attention_head_dim (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 1):
            Dimension of a single attention head. The number of attention heads is determined based on this value and
            the number of input channels.
        output_scale_factor (`float`, *optional*, defaults to 1.0): The output scale factor.

    Returns:
        `torch.Tensor`: The output of the last residual block, which is a tensor of shape `(batch_size, in_channels,
        height, width)`.

    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        in_channels: int,
        temb_channels: int,
        dropout: float = 0.0,
        num_layers: int = 1,
        resnet_eps: float = 1e-6,
        resnet_time_scale_shift: str = "default",  # default, spatial
        resnet_act_fn: str = "swish",
        resnet_groups: int = 32,
        attn_groups: Optional[int] = None,
        resnet_pre_norm: bool = True,
        add_attention: bool = True,
        attention_head_dim: int = 1,
        output_scale_factor: float = 1.0,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        resnet_groups = resnet_groups if resnet_groups is not None else min(in_channels // 4, 32)
        self.add_attention = add_attention

        if attn_groups is None:
            attn_groups = resnet_groups if resnet_time_scale_shift == "default" else None

        # there is always at least one resnet
        if resnet_time_scale_shift == "spatial":
            resnets = [
                ResnetBlockCondNorm2D(
                    in_channels=in_channels,
                    out_channels=in_channels,
                    temb_channels=temb_channels,
                    eps=resnet_eps,
                    groups=resnet_groups,
                    dropout=dropout,
                    time_embedding_norm="spatial",
                    non_linearity=resnet_act_fn,
                    output_scale_factor=output_scale_factor,
                )
            ]
        else:
            resnets = [
                ResnetBlock2D(
                    in_channels=in_channels,
                    out_channels=in_channels,
                    temb_channels=temb_channels,
                    eps=resnet_eps,
                    groups=resnet_groups,
                    dropout=dropout,
                    time_embedding_norm=resnet_time_scale_shift,
                    non_linearity=resnet_act_fn,
                    output_scale_factor=output_scale_factor,
                    pre_norm=resnet_pre_norm,
                )
            ]
        attentions = []

        if attention_head_dim is None:
            logger.warning(
                f"It is not recommend to pass `attention_head_dim=None`. Defaulting `attention_head_dim` to `in_channels`: {in_channels}."
            )
            attention_head_dim = in_channels

        for _ in range(num_layers):
            if self.add_attention:
                attentions.append(
                    Attention(
                        in_channels,
                        heads=in_channels // attention_head_dim,
                        dim_head=attention_head_dim,
                        rescale_output_factor=output_scale_factor,
                        eps=resnet_eps,
                        norm_num_groups=attn_groups,
                        spatial_norm_dim=temb_channels if resnet_time_scale_shift == "spatial" else None,
                        residual_connection=True,
                        bias=True,
                        upcast_softmax=True,
                        _from_deprecated_attn_block=True,
                    )
                )
            else:
                attentions.append(None)

            if resnet_time_scale_shift == "spatial":
                resnets.append(
                    ResnetBlockCondNorm2D(
                        in_channels=in_channels,
                        out_channels=in_channels,
                        temb_channels=temb_channels,
                        eps=resnet_eps,
                        groups=resnet_groups,
                        dropout=dropout,
                        time_embedding_norm="spatial",
                        non_linearity=resnet_act_fn,
                        output_scale_factor=output_scale_factor,
                    )
                )
            else:
                resnets.append(
                    ResnetBlock2D(
                        in_channels=in_channels,
                        out_channels=in_channels,
                        temb_channels=temb_channels,
                        eps=resnet_eps,
                        groups=resnet_groups,
                        dropout=dropout,
                        time_embedding_norm=resnet_time_scale_shift,
                        non_linearity=resnet_act_fn,
                        output_scale_factor=output_scale_factor,
                        pre_norm=resnet_pre_norm,
                    )
                )

        self.attentions = nn.ModuleList(attentions)
        self.resnets = nn.ModuleList(resnets)

        self.gradient_checkpointing = False

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, temb: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None) -> torch.Tensor:
        hidden_states = self.resnets[0](hidden_states, temb)
        for attn, resnet in zip(self.attentions, self.resnets[1:]):
            if torch.is_grad_enabled() and self.gradient_checkpointing:
                if attn is not None:
                    hidden_states = attn(hidden_states, temb=temb)
                hidden_states = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(resnet, hidden_states, temb)
            else:
                if attn is not None:
                    hidden_states = attn(hidden_states, temb=temb)
                hidden_states = resnet(hidden_states, temb)

        return hidden_states

class DownEncoderBlock2D(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        in_channels: int,
        out_channels: int,
        dropout: float = 0.0,
        num_layers: int = 1,
        resnet_eps: float = 1e-6,
        resnet_time_scale_shift: str = "default",
        resnet_act_fn: str = "swish",
        resnet_groups: int = 32,
        resnet_pre_norm: bool = True,
        output_scale_factor: float = 1.0,
        add_downsample: bool = True,
        downsample_padding: int = 1,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        resnets = []

        for i in range(num_layers):
            in_channels = in_channels if i == 0 else out_channels
            if resnet_time_scale_shift == "spatial":
                resnets.append(
                    ResnetBlockCondNorm2D(
                        in_channels=in_channels,
                        out_channels=out_channels,
                        temb_channels=None,
                        eps=resnet_eps,
                        groups=resnet_groups,
                        dropout=dropout,
                        time_embedding_norm="spatial",
                        non_linearity=resnet_act_fn,
                        output_scale_factor=output_scale_factor,
                    )
                )
            else:
                resnets.append(
                    ResnetBlock2D(
                        in_channels=in_channels,
                        out_channels=out_channels,
                        temb_channels=None,
                        eps=resnet_eps,
                        groups=resnet_groups,
                        dropout=dropout,
                        time_embedding_norm=resnet_time_scale_shift,
                        non_linearity=resnet_act_fn,
                        output_scale_factor=output_scale_factor,
                        pre_norm=resnet_pre_norm,
                    )
                )

        self.resnets = nn.ModuleList(resnets)

        if add_downsample:
            self.downsamplers = nn.ModuleList(
                [
                    Downsample2D(
                        out_channels, use_conv=True, out_channels=out_channels, padding=downsample_padding, name="op"
                    )
                ]
            )
        else:
            self.downsamplers = None

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, *args, **kwargs) -> torch.Tensor:
        if len(args) > 0 or kwargs.get("scale", None) is not None:
            deprecation_message = "The `scale` argument is deprecated and will be ignored. Please remove it, as passing it will raise an error in the future. `scale` should directly be passed while calling the underlying pipeline component i.e., via `cross_attention_kwargs`."
            deprecate("scale", "1.0.0", deprecation_message)

        for resnet in self.resnets:
            hidden_states = resnet(hidden_states, temb=None)

        if self.downsamplers is not None:
            for downsampler in self.downsamplers:
                hidden_states = downsampler(hidden_states)

        return hidden_states


class UpDecoderBlock2D(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        in_channels: int,
        out_channels: int,
        resolution_idx: Optional[int] = None,
        dropout: float = 0.0,
        num_layers: int = 1,
        resnet_eps: float = 1e-6,
        resnet_time_scale_shift: str = "default",  # default, spatial
        resnet_act_fn: str = "swish",
        resnet_groups: int = 32,
        resnet_pre_norm: bool = True,
        output_scale_factor: float = 1.0,
        add_upsample: bool = True,
        temb_channels: Optional[int] = None,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        resnets = []

        for i in range(num_layers):
            input_channels = in_channels if i == 0 else out_channels

            if resnet_time_scale_shift == "spatial":
                resnets.append(
                    ResnetBlockCondNorm2D(
                        in_channels=input_channels,
                        out_channels=out_channels,
                        temb_channels=temb_channels,
                        eps=resnet_eps,
                        groups=resnet_groups,
                        dropout=dropout,
                        time_embedding_norm="spatial",
                        non_linearity=resnet_act_fn,
                        output_scale_factor=output_scale_factor,
                    )
                )
            else:
                resnets.append(
                    ResnetBlock2D(
                        in_channels=input_channels,
                        out_channels=out_channels,
                        temb_channels=temb_channels,
                        eps=resnet_eps,
                        groups=resnet_groups,
                        dropout=dropout,
                        time_embedding_norm=resnet_time_scale_shift,
                        non_linearity=resnet_act_fn,
                        output_scale_factor=output_scale_factor,
                        pre_norm=resnet_pre_norm,
                    )
                )

        self.resnets = nn.ModuleList(resnets)

        if add_upsample:
            self.upsamplers = nn.ModuleList([Upsample2D(out_channels, use_conv=True, out_channels=out_channels)])
        else:
            self.upsamplers = None

        self.resolution_idx = resolution_idx

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, temb: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None) -> torch.Tensor:
        for resnet in self.resnets:
            hidden_states = resnet(hidden_states, temb=temb)

        if self.upsamplers is not None:
            for upsampler in self.upsamplers:
                hidden_states = upsampler(hidden_states)

        return hidden_states

class Encoder(nn.Module):
    r"""
    The `Encoder` layer of a variational autoencoder that encodes its input into a latent representation.

    Args:
        in_channels (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 3):
            The number of input channels.
        out_channels (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 3):
            The number of output channels.
        down_block_types (`Tuple[str, ...]`, *optional*, defaults to `("DownEncoderBlock2D",)`):
            The types of down blocks to use. See `~diffusers.models.unet_2d_blocks.get_down_block` for available
            options.
        block_out_channels (`Tuple[int, ...]`, *optional*, defaults to `(64,)`):
            The number of output channels for each block.
        layers_per_block (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 2):
            The number of layers per block.
        norm_num_groups (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 32):
            The number of groups for normalization.
        act_fn (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"silu"`):
            The activation function to use. See `~diffusers.models.activations.get_activation` for available options.
        double_z (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
            Whether to double the number of output channels for the last block.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        in_channels: int = 3,
        out_channels: int = 3,
        down_block_types: Tuple[str, ...] = ("DownEncoderBlock2D",),
        block_out_channels: Tuple[int, ...] = (64,),
        layers_per_block: int = 2,
        norm_num_groups: int = 32,
        act_fn: str = "silu",
        double_z: bool = True,
        mid_block_add_attention=True,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.layers_per_block = layers_per_block

        self.conv_in = nn.Conv2d(
            in_channels,
            block_out_channels[0],
            kernel_size=3,
            stride=1,
            padding=1,
        )

        self.down_blocks = nn.ModuleList([])

        # down
        output_channel = block_out_channels[0]
        for i, down_block_type in enumerate(down_block_types):
            input_channel = output_channel
            output_channel = block_out_channels[i]
            is_final_block = i == len(block_out_channels) - 1

            down_block = DownEncoderBlock2D(
                num_layers=self.layers_per_block,
                in_channels=input_channel,
                out_channels=output_channel,
                add_downsample=not is_final_block,
                resnet_eps=1e-6,
                downsample_padding=0,
                resnet_act_fn=act_fn,
                resnet_groups=norm_num_groups,
                # attention_head_dim=output_channel,
                # temb_channels=None,
            )
            self.down_blocks.append(down_block)

        # mid
        self.mid_block = UNetMidBlock2D(
            in_channels=block_out_channels[-1],
            resnet_eps=1e-6,
            resnet_act_fn=act_fn,
            output_scale_factor=1,
            resnet_time_scale_shift="default",
            attention_head_dim=block_out_channels[-1],
            resnet_groups=norm_num_groups,
            temb_channels=None,
            add_attention=mid_block_add_attention,
        )

        # out
        self.conv_norm_out = nn.GroupNorm(num_channels=block_out_channels[-1], num_groups=norm_num_groups, eps=1e-6)
        self.conv_act = nn.SiLU()

        conv_out_channels = 2 * out_channels if double_z else out_channels
        self.conv_out = nn.Conv2d(block_out_channels[-1], conv_out_channels, 3, padding=1)

        self.gradient_checkpointing = False

    def forward(self, sample: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        r"""The forward method of the `Encoder` class."""

        sample = self.conv_in(sample)

        if torch.is_grad_enabled() and self.gradient_checkpointing:
            # down
            for down_block in self.down_blocks:
                sample = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(down_block, sample)
            # middle
            sample = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(self.mid_block, sample)

        else:
            # down
            for down_block in self.down_blocks:
                sample = down_block(sample)

            # middle
            sample = self.mid_block(sample)

        # post-process
        sample = self.conv_norm_out(sample)
        sample = self.conv_act(sample)
        sample = self.conv_out(sample)

        return sample

class Decoder(nn.Module):
    r"""
    The `Decoder` layer of a variational autoencoder that decodes its latent representation into an output sample.

    Args:
        in_channels (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 3):
            The number of input channels.
        out_channels (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 3):
            The number of output channels.
        up_block_types (`Tuple[str, ...]`, *optional*, defaults to `("UpDecoderBlock2D",)`):
            The types of up blocks to use. See `~diffusers.models.unet_2d_blocks.get_up_block` for available options.
        block_out_channels (`Tuple[int, ...]`, *optional*, defaults to `(64,)`):
            The number of output channels for each block.
        layers_per_block (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 2):
            The number of layers per block.
        norm_num_groups (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 32):
            The number of groups for normalization.
        act_fn (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"silu"`):
            The activation function to use. See `~diffusers.models.activations.get_activation` for available options.
        norm_type (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"group"`):
            The normalization type to use. Can be either `"group"` or `"spatial"`.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        in_channels: int = 3,
        out_channels: int = 3,
        up_block_types: Tuple[str, ...] = ("UpDecoderBlock2D",),
        block_out_channels: Tuple[int, ...] = (64,),
        layers_per_block: int = 2,
        norm_num_groups: int = 32,
        act_fn: str = "silu",
        norm_type: str = "group",  # group, spatial
        mid_block_add_attention=True,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.layers_per_block = layers_per_block

        self.conv_in = nn.Conv2d(
            in_channels,
            block_out_channels[-1],
            kernel_size=3,
            stride=1,
            padding=1,
        )

        self.up_blocks = nn.ModuleList([])

        temb_channels = in_channels if norm_type == "spatial" else None

        # mid
        self.mid_block = UNetMidBlock2D(
            in_channels=block_out_channels[-1],
            resnet_eps=1e-6,
            resnet_act_fn=act_fn,
            output_scale_factor=1,
            resnet_time_scale_shift="default" if norm_type == "group" else norm_type,
            attention_head_dim=block_out_channels[-1],
            resnet_groups=norm_num_groups,
            temb_channels=temb_channels,
            add_attention=mid_block_add_attention,
        )

        # up
        reversed_block_out_channels = list(reversed(block_out_channels))
        output_channel = reversed_block_out_channels[0]
        for i, up_block_type in enumerate(up_block_types):
            prev_output_channel = output_channel
            output_channel = reversed_block_out_channels[i]

            is_final_block = i == len(block_out_channels) - 1

            up_block = UpDecoderBlock2D(
                num_layers=self.layers_per_block + 1,
                in_channels=prev_output_channel,
                out_channels=output_channel,
                # prev_output_channel=prev_output_channel,
                add_upsample=not is_final_block,
                resnet_eps=1e-6,
                resnet_act_fn=act_fn,
                resnet_groups=norm_num_groups,
                # attention_head_dim=output_channel,
                temb_channels=temb_channels,
                resnet_time_scale_shift=norm_type,
            )
            self.up_blocks.append(up_block)
            prev_output_channel = output_channel

        # out
        if norm_type == "spatial":
            self.conv_norm_out = SpatialNorm(block_out_channels[0], temb_channels)
        else:
            self.conv_norm_out = nn.GroupNorm(num_channels=block_out_channels[0], num_groups=norm_num_groups, eps=1e-6)
        self.conv_act = nn.SiLU()
        self.conv_out = nn.Conv2d(block_out_channels[0], out_channels, 3, padding=1)

        self.gradient_checkpointing = False

    def forward(
        self,
        sample: torch.Tensor,
        latent_embeds: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        r"""The forward method of the `Decoder` class."""

        sample = self.conv_in(sample)

        if torch.is_grad_enabled() and self.gradient_checkpointing:
            # middle
            sample = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(self.mid_block, sample, latent_embeds)

            # up
            for up_block in self.up_blocks:
                sample = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(up_block, sample, latent_embeds)
        else:
            # middle
            sample = self.mid_block(sample, latent_embeds)

            # up
            for up_block in self.up_blocks:
                sample = up_block(sample, latent_embeds)

        # post-process
        if latent_embeds is None:
            sample = self.conv_norm_out(sample)
        else:
            sample = self.conv_norm_out(sample, latent_embeds)
        sample = self.conv_act(sample)
        sample = self.conv_out(sample)

        return sample


class Flux2VAE(torch.nn.Module):
    r"""
    A VAE model with KL loss for encoding images into latents and decoding latent representations into images.

    This model inherits from [`ModelMixin`]. Check the superclass documentation for it's generic methods implemented
    for all models (such as downloading or saving).

    Parameters:
        in_channels (int, *optional*, defaults to 3): Number of channels in the input image.
        out_channels (int,  *optional*, defaults to 3): Number of channels in the output.
        down_block_types (`Tuple[str]`, *optional*, defaults to `("DownEncoderBlock2D",)`):
            Tuple of downsample block types.
        up_block_types (`Tuple[str]`, *optional*, defaults to `("UpDecoderBlock2D",)`):
            Tuple of upsample block types.
        block_out_channels (`Tuple[int]`, *optional*, defaults to `(64,)`):
            Tuple of block output channels.
        act_fn (`str`, *optional*, defaults to `"silu"`): The activation function to use.
        latent_channels (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 4): Number of channels in the latent space.
        sample_size (`int`, *optional*, defaults to `32`): Sample input size.
        force_upcast (`bool`, *optional*, default to `True`):
            If enabled it will force the VAE to run in float32 for high image resolution pipelines, such as SD-XL. VAE
            can be fine-tuned / trained to a lower range without losing too much precision in which case `force_upcast`
            can be set to `False` - see: https://huggingface.co/madebyollin/sdxl-vae-fp16-fix
        mid_block_add_attention (`bool`, *optional*, default to `True`):
            If enabled, the mid_block of the Encoder and Decoder will have attention blocks. If set to false, the
            mid_block will only have resnet blocks
    """

    _supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
    _no_split_modules = ["BasicTransformerBlock", "ResnetBlock2D"]

    def __init__(
        self,
        in_channels: int = 3,
        out_channels: int = 3,
        down_block_types: Tuple[str, ...] = (
            "DownEncoderBlock2D",
            "DownEncoderBlock2D",
            "DownEncoderBlock2D",
            "DownEncoderBlock2D",
        ),
        up_block_types: Tuple[str, ...] = (
            "UpDecoderBlock2D",
            "UpDecoderBlock2D",
            "UpDecoderBlock2D",
            "UpDecoderBlock2D",
        ),
        block_out_channels: Tuple[int, ...] = (
            128,
            256,
            512,
            512,
        ),
        layers_per_block: int = 2,
        act_fn: str = "silu",
        latent_channels: int = 32,
        norm_num_groups: int = 32,
        sample_size: int = 1024,  # YiYi notes: not sure
        force_upcast: bool = True,
        use_quant_conv: bool = True,
        use_post_quant_conv: bool = True,
        mid_block_add_attention: bool = True,
        batch_norm_eps: float = 1e-4,
        batch_norm_momentum: float = 0.1,
        patch_size: Tuple[int, int] = (2, 2),
    ):
        super().__init__()

        # pass init params to Encoder
        self.encoder = Encoder(
            in_channels=in_channels,
            out_channels=latent_channels,
            down_block_types=down_block_types,
            block_out_channels=block_out_channels,
            layers_per_block=layers_per_block,
            act_fn=act_fn,
            norm_num_groups=norm_num_groups,
            double_z=True,
            mid_block_add_attention=mid_block_add_attention,
        )

        # pass init params to Decoder
        self.decoder = Decoder(
            in_channels=latent_channels,
            out_channels=out_channels,
            up_block_types=up_block_types,
            block_out_channels=block_out_channels,
            layers_per_block=layers_per_block,
            norm_num_groups=norm_num_groups,
            act_fn=act_fn,
            mid_block_add_attention=mid_block_add_attention,
        )

        self.quant_conv = nn.Conv2d(2 * latent_channels, 2 * latent_channels, 1) if use_quant_conv else None
        self.post_quant_conv = nn.Conv2d(latent_channels, latent_channels, 1) if use_post_quant_conv else None

        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(
            math.prod(patch_size) * latent_channels,
            eps=batch_norm_eps,
            momentum=batch_norm_momentum,
            affine=False,
            track_running_stats=True,
        )

        self.use_slicing = False
        self.use_tiling = False

    @property
    # Copied from diffusers.models.unets.unet_2d_condition.UNet2DConditionModel.attn_processors
    def attn_processors(self):
        r"""
        Returns:
            `dict` of attention processors: A dictionary containing all attention processors used in the model with
            indexed by its weight name.
        """
        # set recursively
        processors = {}

        def fn_recursive_add_processors(name: str, module: torch.nn.Module, processors):
            if hasattr(module, "get_processor"):
                processors[f"{name}.processor"] = module.get_processor()

            for sub_name, child in module.named_children():
                fn_recursive_add_processors(f"{name}.{sub_name}", child, processors)

            return processors

        for name, module in self.named_children():
            fn_recursive_add_processors(name, module, processors)

        return processors

    # Copied from diffusers.models.unets.unet_2d_condition.UNet2DConditionModel.set_attn_processor
    def set_attn_processor(self, processor):
        r"""
        Sets the attention processor to use to compute attention.

        Parameters:
            processor (`dict` of `AttentionProcessor` or only `AttentionProcessor`):
                The instantiated processor class or a dictionary of processor classes that will be set as the processor
                for **all** `Attention` layers.

                If `processor` is a dict, the key needs to define the path to the corresponding cross attention
                processor. This is strongly recommended when setting trainable attention processors.

        """
        count = len(self.attn_processors.keys())

        if isinstance(processor, dict) and len(processor) != count:
            raise ValueError(
                f"A dict of processors was passed, but the number of processors {len(processor)} does not match the"
                f" number of attention layers: {count}. Please make sure to pass {count} processor classes."
            )

        def fn_recursive_attn_processor(name: str, module: torch.nn.Module, processor):
            if hasattr(module, "set_processor"):
                if not isinstance(processor, dict):
                    module.set_processor(processor)
                else:
                    module.set_processor(processor.pop(f"{name}.processor"))

            for sub_name, child in module.named_children():
                fn_recursive_attn_processor(f"{name}.{sub_name}", child, processor)

        for name, module in self.named_children():
            fn_recursive_attn_processor(name, module, processor)

    def _encode(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        batch_size, num_channels, height, width = x.shape

        if self.use_tiling and (width > self.tile_sample_min_size or height > self.tile_sample_min_size):
            return self._tiled_encode(x)

        enc = self.encoder(x)
        if self.quant_conv is not None:
            enc = self.quant_conv(enc)

        return enc

    def encode(
        self, x: torch.Tensor, return_dict: bool = True
    ):
        """
        Encode a batch of images into latents.

        Args:
            x (`torch.Tensor`): Input batch of images.
            return_dict (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
                Whether to return a [`~models.autoencoder_kl.AutoencoderKLOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.

        Returns:
                The latent representations of the encoded images. If `return_dict` is True, a
                [`~models.autoencoder_kl.AutoencoderKLOutput`] is returned, otherwise a plain `tuple` is returned.
        """
        if self.use_slicing and x.shape[0] > 1:
            encoded_slices = [self._encode(x_slice) for x_slice in x.split(1)]
            h = torch.cat(encoded_slices)
        else:
            h = self._encode(x)


        h = rearrange(h, "B C (H P) (W Q) -> B (C P Q) H W", P=2, Q=2)
        h = h[:, :128]
        latents_bn_mean = self.bn.running_mean.view(1, -1, 1, 1).to(h.device, h.dtype)
        latents_bn_std = torch.sqrt(self.bn.running_var.view(1, -1, 1, 1) + 0.0001).to(
            h.device, h.dtype
        )
        h = (h - latents_bn_mean) / latents_bn_std
        return h

    def _decode(self, z: torch.Tensor, return_dict: bool = True):
        if self.use_tiling and (z.shape[-1] > self.tile_latent_min_size or z.shape[-2] > self.tile_latent_min_size):
            return self.tiled_decode(z, return_dict=return_dict)

        if self.post_quant_conv is not None:
            z = self.post_quant_conv(z)

        dec = self.decoder(z)

        if not return_dict:
            return (dec,)

        return dec

    def decode(
        self, z: torch.FloatTensor, return_dict: bool = True, generator=None
    ):
        latents_bn_mean = self.bn.running_mean.view(1, -1, 1, 1).to(z.device, z.dtype)
        latents_bn_std = torch.sqrt(self.bn.running_var.view(1, -1, 1, 1) + 0.0001).to(
            z.device, z.dtype
        )
        z = z * latents_bn_std + latents_bn_mean
        z = rearrange(z, "B (C P Q) H W -> B C (H P) (W Q)", P=2, Q=2)
        """
        Decode a batch of images.

        Args:
            z (`torch.Tensor`): Input batch of latent vectors.
            return_dict (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
                Whether to return a [`~models.vae.DecoderOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.

        Returns:
            [`~models.vae.DecoderOutput`] or `tuple`:
                If return_dict is True, a [`~models.vae.DecoderOutput`] is returned, otherwise a plain `tuple` is
                returned.

        """
        if self.use_slicing and z.shape[0] > 1:
            decoded_slices = [self._decode(z_slice) for z_slice in z.split(1)]
            decoded = torch.cat(decoded_slices)
        else:
            decoded = self._decode(z)

        if not return_dict:
            return (decoded,)

        return decoded

    def blend_v(self, a: torch.Tensor, b: torch.Tensor, blend_extent: int) -> torch.Tensor:
        blend_extent = min(a.shape[2], b.shape[2], blend_extent)
        for y in range(blend_extent):
            b[:, :, y, :] = a[:, :, -blend_extent + y, :] * (1 - y / blend_extent) + b[:, :, y, :] * (y / blend_extent)
        return b

    def blend_h(self, a: torch.Tensor, b: torch.Tensor, blend_extent: int) -> torch.Tensor:
        blend_extent = min(a.shape[3], b.shape[3], blend_extent)
        for x in range(blend_extent):
            b[:, :, :, x] = a[:, :, :, -blend_extent + x] * (1 - x / blend_extent) + b[:, :, :, x] * (x / blend_extent)
        return b

    def _tiled_encode(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        r"""Encode a batch of images using a tiled encoder.

        When this option is enabled, the VAE will split the input tensor into tiles to compute encoding in several
        steps. This is useful to keep memory use constant regardless of image size. The end result of tiled encoding is
        different from non-tiled encoding because each tile uses a different encoder. To avoid tiling artifacts, the
        tiles overlap and are blended together to form a smooth output. You may still see tile-sized changes in the
        output, but they should be much less noticeable.

        Args:
            x (`torch.Tensor`): Input batch of images.

        Returns:
            `torch.Tensor`:
                The latent representation of the encoded videos.
        """

        overlap_size = int(self.tile_sample_min_size * (1 - self.tile_overlap_factor))
        blend_extent = int(self.tile_latent_min_size * self.tile_overlap_factor)
        row_limit = self.tile_latent_min_size - blend_extent

        # Split the image into 512x512 tiles and encode them separately.
        rows = []
        for i in range(0, x.shape[2], overlap_size):
            row = []
            for j in range(0, x.shape[3], overlap_size):
                tile = x[:, :, i : i + self.tile_sample_min_size, j : j + self.tile_sample_min_size]
                tile = self.encoder(tile)
                if self.config.use_quant_conv:
                    tile = self.quant_conv(tile)
                row.append(tile)
            rows.append(row)
        result_rows = []
        for i, row in enumerate(rows):
            result_row = []
            for j, tile in enumerate(row):
                # blend the above tile and the left tile
                # to the current tile and add the current tile to the result row
                if i > 0:
                    tile = self.blend_v(rows[i - 1][j], tile, blend_extent)
                if j > 0:
                    tile = self.blend_h(row[j - 1], tile, blend_extent)
                result_row.append(tile[:, :, :row_limit, :row_limit])
            result_rows.append(torch.cat(result_row, dim=3))

        enc = torch.cat(result_rows, dim=2)
        return enc

    def tiled_encode(self, x: torch.Tensor, return_dict: bool = True):
        r"""Encode a batch of images using a tiled encoder.

        When this option is enabled, the VAE will split the input tensor into tiles to compute encoding in several
        steps. This is useful to keep memory use constant regardless of image size. The end result of tiled encoding is
        different from non-tiled encoding because each tile uses a different encoder. To avoid tiling artifacts, the
        tiles overlap and are blended together to form a smooth output. You may still see tile-sized changes in the
        output, but they should be much less noticeable.

        Args:
            x (`torch.Tensor`): Input batch of images.
            return_dict (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
                Whether or not to return a [`~models.autoencoder_kl.AutoencoderKLOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.

        Returns:
            [`~models.autoencoder_kl.AutoencoderKLOutput`] or `tuple`:
                If return_dict is True, a [`~models.autoencoder_kl.AutoencoderKLOutput`] is returned, otherwise a plain
                `tuple` is returned.
        """

        overlap_size = int(self.tile_sample_min_size * (1 - self.tile_overlap_factor))
        blend_extent = int(self.tile_latent_min_size * self.tile_overlap_factor)
        row_limit = self.tile_latent_min_size - blend_extent

        # Split the image into 512x512 tiles and encode them separately.
        rows = []
        for i in range(0, x.shape[2], overlap_size):
            row = []
            for j in range(0, x.shape[3], overlap_size):
                tile = x[:, :, i : i + self.tile_sample_min_size, j : j + self.tile_sample_min_size]
                tile = self.encoder(tile)
                if self.config.use_quant_conv:
                    tile = self.quant_conv(tile)
                row.append(tile)
            rows.append(row)
        result_rows = []
        for i, row in enumerate(rows):
            result_row = []
            for j, tile in enumerate(row):
                # blend the above tile and the left tile
                # to the current tile and add the current tile to the result row
                if i > 0:
                    tile = self.blend_v(rows[i - 1][j], tile, blend_extent)
                if j > 0:
                    tile = self.blend_h(row[j - 1], tile, blend_extent)
                result_row.append(tile[:, :, :row_limit, :row_limit])
            result_rows.append(torch.cat(result_row, dim=3))

        moments = torch.cat(result_rows, dim=2)
        return moments

    def tiled_decode(self, z: torch.Tensor, return_dict: bool = True):
        r"""
        Decode a batch of images using a tiled decoder.

        Args:
            z (`torch.Tensor`): Input batch of latent vectors.
            return_dict (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
                Whether or not to return a [`~models.vae.DecoderOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.

        Returns:
            [`~models.vae.DecoderOutput`] or `tuple`:
                If return_dict is True, a [`~models.vae.DecoderOutput`] is returned, otherwise a plain `tuple` is
                returned.
        """
        overlap_size = int(self.tile_latent_min_size * (1 - self.tile_overlap_factor))
        blend_extent = int(self.tile_sample_min_size * self.tile_overlap_factor)
        row_limit = self.tile_sample_min_size - blend_extent

        # Split z into overlapping 64x64 tiles and decode them separately.
        # The tiles have an overlap to avoid seams between tiles.
        rows = []
        for i in range(0, z.shape[2], overlap_size):
            row = []
            for j in range(0, z.shape[3], overlap_size):
                tile = z[:, :, i : i + self.tile_latent_min_size, j : j + self.tile_latent_min_size]
                if self.config.use_post_quant_conv:
                    tile = self.post_quant_conv(tile)
                decoded = self.decoder(tile)
                row.append(decoded)
            rows.append(row)
        result_rows = []
        for i, row in enumerate(rows):
            result_row = []
            for j, tile in enumerate(row):
                # blend the above tile and the left tile
                # to the current tile and add the current tile to the result row
                if i > 0:
                    tile = self.blend_v(rows[i - 1][j], tile, blend_extent)
                if j > 0:
                    tile = self.blend_h(row[j - 1], tile, blend_extent)
                result_row.append(tile[:, :, :row_limit, :row_limit])
            result_rows.append(torch.cat(result_row, dim=3))

        dec = torch.cat(result_rows, dim=2)
        if not return_dict:
            return (dec,)

        return dec

    def forward(
        self,
        sample: torch.Tensor,
        sample_posterior: bool = False,
        return_dict: bool = True,
        generator: Optional[torch.Generator] = None,
    ):
        r"""
        Args:
            sample (`torch.Tensor`): Input sample.
            sample_posterior (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
                Whether to sample from the posterior.
            return_dict (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
                Whether or not to return a [`DecoderOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
        """
        x = sample
        posterior = self.encode(x).latent_dist
        if sample_posterior:
            z = posterior.sample(generator=generator)
        else:
            z = posterior.mode()
        dec = self.decode(z).sample

        if not return_dict:
            return (dec,)

        return dec