{
  "dataset_name": "PHOIBLE Phonological Inventories",
  "last_updated": "2026-01-15",
  "source": "PHOIBLE database (phoible.org) - cross-linguistic phonological inventory database",
  "record_count": 105484,
  "fields": {
    "InventoryID": "Unique identifier for each language's phonological inventory",
    "Glottocode": "Glottolog language identifier code",
    "ISO6393": "ISO 639-3 language code",
    "LanguageName": "Name of the language",
    "SpecificDialect": "Dialect specification if applicable",
    "GlyphID": "Unicode code point identifier for the phoneme glyph",
    "Phoneme": "IPA representation of the phoneme",
    "Allophones": "Allophonic variants of the phoneme",
    "Marginal": "Whether the phoneme is marginal in the inventory",
    "SegmentClass": "Classification as consonant or vowel",
    "Source": "Source of the inventory data (e.g., spa, upsid, gm, aa, ph, ra, saphon, er)",
    "tone": "Tonal feature value",
    "stress": "Stress feature value",
    "syllabic": "Syllabic feature value",
    "short": "Short duration feature value",
    "long": "Long duration feature value",
    "consonantal": "Consonantal feature value",
    "sonorant": "Sonorant feature value",
    "continuant": "Continuant feature value",
    "delayedRelease": "Delayed release feature value",
    "approximant": "Approximant feature value",
    "tap": "Tap/flap feature value",
    "trill": "Trill feature value",
    "nasal": "Nasal feature value",
    "lateral": "Lateral feature value",
    "labial": "Labial place feature value",
    "round": "Lip rounding feature value",
    "labiodental": "Labiodental feature value",
    "coronal": "Coronal place feature value",
    "anterior": "Anterior feature value",
    "distributed": "Distributed feature value",
    "strident": "Strident feature value",
    "dorsal": "Dorsal place feature value",
    "high": "High tongue body feature value",
    "low": "Low tongue body feature value",
    "front": "Front tongue body feature value",
    "back": "Back tongue body feature value",
    "tense": "Tense feature value",
    "retractedTongueRoot": "Retracted tongue root (RTR) feature value",
    "advancedTongueRoot": "Advanced tongue root (ATR) feature value",
    "periodicGlottalSource": "Periodic glottal source (voicing) feature value",
    "epilaryngealSource": "Epilaryngeal source feature value",
    "spreadGlottis": "Spread glottis (aspiration) feature value",
    "constrictedGlottis": "Constricted glottis feature value",
    "fortis": "Fortis feature value",
    "lenis": "Lenis feature value",
    "raisedLarynxEjective": "Raised larynx ejective feature value",
    "loweredLarynxImplosive": "Lowered larynx implosive feature value",
    "click": "Click feature value"
  },
  "notes": "Each row represents a single phoneme in a language's phonological inventory. Feature values use +/- notation or 0 for unspecified. Multiple inventories may exist per language from different sources. Contains 48 distinctive feature columns following a modified version of the Hayes (2009) feature system."
}