Survey of Young Americans’ Attitudes toward Politics and Public Service 47th Edition: March 14 – 21, 2024 N=2,010 18- to- 29-Year-Olds in English and Spanish Margin of Error: +/-3.02% at the 95% Level 1. With regard to school, are you currently enrolled at any of the following? High School ................................................................................ 9% Trade/Vocational ........................................................................ 2% 2-year/JC/CC .............................................................................. 7% 4-year college/university .......................................................... 17% Graduate school .......................................................................... 5% Business/Professional school ..................................................... 1% Not currently enrolled .............................................................. 60% [If respondent is currently enrolled in a 4-year college or university, ask Q2] 2. In which year of college are you? (n=267) First year student/Freshman ..................................................... 24% Second year student/Sophomore .............................................. 18% Third year student/Junior ......................................................... 24% Fourth year student/Senior ....................................................... 28% Fifth year student or higher ........................................................ 6% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% 3. We understand that plenty of young people are not registered to vote, but we are wondering if you are registered to vote? Yes ............................................................................................ 75% No ............................................................................................. 21% Don’t know ................................................................................. 4% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% The following questions are about registration and voting… [If respondent was over 18 on November 3, 2020, ask Q4 – Q6] 4. Which of the following statements best describes your voter registration status for the last presidential election held on November 3rd, 2020? (n=1,671) I was registered ........................................................................ 74% I thought about registering, but didn’t ........................................ 3% I tried to register, but was unable to ........................................... 0% I was not registered to vote on November 3, 2020 .................. 15% Not sure ...................................................................................... 7% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 2 5. [Split Sample A] Which of the following statements best describes your voting in the last presidential election held on November 3rd, 2020? (n=837) I voted at a polling place .......................................................... 32% I voted early ................................................................................ 8% I voted by mail / absentee ballot .............................................. 29% I planned on voting but wasn’t able to ....................................... 2% I did not vote in this election .................................................... 27% I went to the polling place but wasn’t allowed to vote .............. 1% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% 6. [Split Sample B] In November 2020, Donald Trump ran on the Republican ticket against Joe Biden, for the Democrats. Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election for president? (n=834) Yes, I definitely voted .............................................................. 68% I’m not 100% certain if I voted .................................................. 5% I definitely did not vote ............................................................ 26% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% 7. When it comes to voting, with which party do you consider yourself to be affiliated? Net: Democrat ......................................................................... 38% Strong Democrat ...................................................................... 19% Not a very strong Democrat ..................................................... 19% Net: Republican ...................................................................... 23% Strong Republican .................................................................... 12% Not a very strong Republican ................................................... 11% Net: Independent/Unaffiliated ............................................. 37% Lean Democrat ......................................................................... 10% Lean Republican ......................................................................... 6% Do not lean towards either party .............................................. 22% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% 8. When it comes to most political issues, do you think of yourself as a...? Liberal ...................................................................................... 32% Moderate, lean liberal ................................................................. 9% Moderate, no lean ..................................................................... 28% Moderate, lean conservative ...................................................... 7% Conservative ............................................................................. 22% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 3 [If respondent voted in 2020, ask Q9] 9. For whom did you vote for president in 2020? (n=1,196) Joe Biden .................................................................................. 61% Donald Trump .......................................................................... 28% Someone else .............................................................................. 6% Don’t remember ......................................................................... 1% Decline to answer ....................................................................... 4% Refused ....................................................................................... 0% 10. How likely is it that you will vote in the 2024 election for President? Definitely will be voting .......................................................... 53% Probably will be voting ............................................................ 13% 50-50 ........................................................................................ 13% Probably won’t be voting ......................................................... 10% Definitely won’t be voting ....................................................... 11% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% 11. Do you consider yourself to be politically engaged or politically active? Yes ............................................................................................ 27% No ............................................................................................. 72% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% 12. Overall, how closely do you follow news about national politics?.. Net: Closely ............................................................................. 43% Net: Not Closely ...................................................................... 56% Very closely ............................................................................. 10% Somewhat closely ..................................................................... 33% Not very closely ....................................................................... 33% Not at all closely ....................................................................... 23% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% 13. All in all, do you think that things in the nation are…? Generally headed in the right direction ...................................... 9% Off on the wrong track ............................................................. 58% Not sure what direction the country is headed in ..................... 32% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 4 14. Thinking about national issues for a moment, which issue concerns you most? Net: Economic Issues ............................................................. 27% Economy .................................................................................. 11% Inflation/cost of living increases ................................................ 8% High cost of living/difficult to make ends meet ......................... 2% Economic equality/inequality/poverty ....................................... 1% Jobs/Employment ....................................................................... 1% Financial stability ....................................................................... 1% Taxes .......................................................................................... 1% Gas prices/taxes .......................................................................... 1% Other economy mentions ........................................................... 1% Illegal immigrants /Immigration ................................................ 9% Net: Foreign Policy/National Security .................................... 8% War/military ............................................................................... 2% National security ........................................................................ 2% Israel/Palestine conflict .............................................................. 2% Other foreign policy ................................................................... 1% Foreign policy/affairs ................................................................. 1% Net: Environmental Issues ...................................................... 6% The environment ........................................................................ 5% Global warming .......................................................................... 1% Abortion/Reproductive rights ..................................................... 6% Gun control/Second Amendment rights ..................................... 3% Crime/Crime rates ...................................................................... 2% Housing ...................................................................................... 2% Health care ................................................................................. 2% Government/political corruption ................................................ 2% Democracy ................................................................................. 2% Other mentions ......................................................................... 15% Don't know/no answer ................................................................ 8% None ........................................................................................... 1% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 5 In general, do you approve or disapprove of the job performance of: [Randomize list. Biden anchored first] 15. 16. 17. 18. Joe Biden as president Kamala Harris as vice president The Democrats in Congress The Republicans in Congress Approve Disapprove 31% 32% 34% 24% 64% 62% 60% 70% Refused 5% 6% 7% 7% Now thinking specifically about Joe Biden, do you approve or disapprove of the way he is handling: [Randomize list. Rank-ordered by “Approve”] 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Student debt relief The war in Ukraine The economy Gun violence Inflation Israel-Hamas war Approve Disapprove 39% 33% 30% 25% 23% 18% 56% 61% 65% 69% 72% 76% Refused 5% 6% 5% 5% 5% 6% If the election for President were held today and the candidates were: [Randomize candidates] for whom would you vote? Joe Biden, the Democrat .......................................................... 28% Donald Trump, the Republican ................................................ 25% Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., an independent candidate ................... 11% Jill Stein, the Green party candidate .......................................... 4% Cornel West, an independent candidate ..................................... 3% Don’t know ............................................................................... 28% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 26. If the election for President were held today and the candidates were [Rotate: Joe Biden, the Democrat and Donald Trump, the Republican], for whom would you vote? Joe Biden, the Democrat .......................................................... 38% Donald Trump, the Republican ................................................ 31% Would not vote ......................................................................... 16% Don’t know ............................................................................... 13% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 45% 37% - 16% 2% (% when “Would not vote” not included, n=1,682) Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 6 [If respondent would vote for Joe Biden or Donald Trump in Q26, ask Q27] 27. How enthusiastic are you about your support of this candidate? Joe Biden (n=817) Net: Enthusiastic .................................................................... 43% Net: Unenthusiastic ................................................................ 56% Very enthusiastic ...................................................................... 13% Somewhat enthusiastic ............................................................. 30% Not very enthusiastic ................................................................ 40% Not at all enthusiastic ............................................................... 16% Refused ....................................................................................... 0% Donald Trump (n=561) Net: Enthusiastic .................................................................... 68% Net: Unenthusiastic ................................................................ 32% Very enthusiastic ...................................................................... 29% Somewhat enthusiastic ............................................................. 39% Not very enthusiastic ................................................................ 22% Not at all enthusiastic ................................................................. 9% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% 28. Donald Trump currently faces 91 felony charges across four criminal cases for keeping classified documents, falsifying records, and attempting to overturn the 2020 election. If he is found guilty in any of these trials before the election -- for whom would you vote for President? [Rotate Joe Biden and Donald Trump] Joe Biden, the Democrat .......................................................... 42% Donald Trump, the Republican ................................................ 24% Would not vote ......................................................................... 17% Don’t know ............................................................................... 15% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 51% 29% - 18% 2% (% when “Would not vote” not included, n=1,659) Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 7 Importance of Issues Facing the United States In order to measure the relative importance of a set of 16 current issues facing the United States, respondents were asked a series of match-up questions that took the following form: Thinking about the major issues facing the United States today, please tell me which of the following two is more important to you: Each respondent was shown each individual issue one time, matched up against another issue chosen at random for a total of 8 rated matchups per respondent. On average, each of the 120 match-ups was shown to n=134 respondents. After weighting procedures were performed, each issue was matched up against each other issue a minimum of 121 times and a maximum of 148 times, though an analysis of the impacts of weighting procedure showed no significant impact due to weighting procedures on the relative strength of the match-ups. The 16 issues tested are listed in the table below. Q29-Q44 Show the aggregate results of these match-ups, with the percentage shown representing the aggregate percentage of the time that an issue was rated as more important than the issue it was matched up against. A full table of results of each individual match-up is available upon request. Q29-Q44 are ordered by the percentage of the time an issue was deemed “More Important.” Net: More Important 64% 59% 56% Net: Less Important 33% 37% 40% 54% 53% 52% 52% 50% 50% 47% 47% 43% 43% 40% 34% 26% 42% 44% 43% 44% 47% 46% 50% 50% 53% 54% 56% 61% 70% Much More Imp. 38% 33% 31% 33% 27% 28% 32% 27% 29% 27% 25% 23% 22% 20% 17% 12% Somewhat More Imp. 26% 25% 25% Somewhat Less Imp. 15% 18% 19% 21% 26% 24% 20% 23% 21% 20% 21% 20% 20% 20% 17% 14% 18% 21% 21% 22% 24% 21% 24% 20% 24% 22% 24% 26% 27% Much Less Imp. 18% 19% 21% 24% 23% 22% 22% 23% 25% 26% 30% 29% 31% 32% 35% 43% Don’t Know 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 4% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 5% 4% 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. Inflation Healthcare Housing Gun violence Jobs Protecting Democracy Corruption 35. 36. Education 37. Women's reproductive rights Crime Immigration Taxes Climate change Free speech Israel/Palestine Student Debt 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 8 45. Which of the following phrases best describes the United States today? A healthy democracy .................................................................. 3% A somewhat functioning democracy ........................................ 20% A democracy in trouble ............................................................ 46% A failed democracy .................................................................. 16% Don't know ............................................................................... 14% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% Do you agree or disagree with these statements? [Randomize Q46 and Q47. Rank ordered by “Agree”] 46. Joe Biden has what it takes to lead in a crisis Net: Agree ............................................................................... 26% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 61% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 7% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 19% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 20% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 41% Don’t know ............................................................................... 10% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 47. Donald Trump has what it takes to lead in a crisis Net: Agree ............................................................................... 33% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 55% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 16% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 17% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 11% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 44% Don’t know ................................................................................. 9% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 48. When it comes to the U.S. economy, has recent immigration made it better, worse – or not made a significant difference? Net: Better-Worse ................................................................ -24% Better .......................................................................................... 9% Worse ....................................................................................... 33% No difference ............................................................................ 28% Don’t know ............................................................................... 27% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 9 49. The U.S. Census Bureau predicts that white Americans will make up less than half of the U.S. population by around 2045. Do you think this is: Net: Good ................................................................................ 19% Net: Bad ................................................................................... 18% Very good for the U.S. ............................................................... 9% Good for the U.S. ..................................................................... 10% Neither good nor bad ................................................................ 60% Bad for the U.S. .......................................................................... 9% Very bad for the U.S. ................................................................. 8% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 50. How closely have you followed news about the war between Israel and Hamas? Net: Closely ............................................................................. 38% Net: Not closely ....................................................................... 60% Very closely ............................................................................... 9% Somewhat closely ..................................................................... 28% Not very closely ....................................................................... 33% Not at all ................................................................................... 26% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% Which of the following groups do you sympathize with during the war between Israel and Hamas? [Randomize list. Rank-ordered by “Net: Sympathy”] 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. The Palestinian people The Israeli people The Palestinian government The Israeli government SPLIT SAMPLE: Hamas (n=1,003) SPLIT SAMPLE: Hamas, the Islamist militant group (n=1,007) Net: Sympathy A lot of sympathy Some sympathy No sympathy Don’t have enough information Refused 56% 52% 32% 29% 17% 34% 24% 10% 7% 3% 22% 28% 22% 21% 14% 10% 12% 25% 33% 46% 31% 32% 39% 34% 32% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 13% 3% 10% 48% 36% 4% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 10 [Rotate Q57 and Q58] 57. Which of the following comes closest to your view? The U.S. should be more of an ally to Israel. ........................... 11% The U.S. should maintain our current relationship with Israel. ......................................... 17% The U.S. should be less of an ally to Israel. ............................. 14% The U.S. should not be an ally to Israel. .................................. 15% Don’t know. .............................................................................. 41% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 58. Which of the following comes closest to your view? The U.S. should be more of an ally to Palestine. ..................... 21% The U.S. should maintain our current relationship with Palestine. .................................... 15% The U.S. should be less of an ally to Palestine. ......................... 5% The U.S. should not be an ally to Palestine. ............................. 11% Don’t know ............................................................................... 45% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 59. Do you support or oppose a permanent ceasefire in Gaza? Net: Support ........................................................................... 51% Net: Oppose ............................................................................. 10% Strongly support ....................................................................... 38% Somewhat support .................................................................... 13% Somewhat oppose ....................................................................... 5% Strongly oppose .......................................................................... 5% Don’t know ............................................................................... 36% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 60. Based on what you know at this time, do you believe Israel’s response so far to the October 7 attack by Hamas has been justified, or not? Yes, it is justified ...................................................................... 21% No, it is not justified ................................................................. 32% Don’t know ............................................................................... 45% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 11 Do you support or oppose: [Randomize list. Rank-ordered by “Net: Support”] 61. Sending American troops to defend a NATO ally if invaded by Russia? Net: Support ........................................................................... 47% Net: Oppose ............................................................................. 23% Strongly support ....................................................................... 20% Somewhat support .................................................................... 27% Somewhat oppose ..................................................................... 12% Strongly oppose ........................................................................ 11% Don’t know ............................................................................... 27% Refused ....................................................................................... 4% 62. Building a wall on the border of the United States and Mexico? Net: Support ........................................................................... 36% Net: Oppose ............................................................................. 45% Strongly support ....................................................................... 23% Somewhat support .................................................................... 14% Somewhat oppose ..................................................................... 15% Strongly oppose ........................................................................ 30% Don’t know ............................................................................... 15% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 63. Sending American troops to defend Taiwan if invaded by China? . Net: Support ........................................................................... 34% Net: Oppose ............................................................................. 30% Strongly support ....................................................................... 11% Somewhat support .................................................................... 22% Somewhat oppose ..................................................................... 16% Strongly oppose ........................................................................ 14% Don’t know ............................................................................... 33% Refused ....................................................................................... 4% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 12 64. On which of the following, if any, do you regularly access for news and current events related content? Please select all that apply. [Randomize responses 1-13. Rank-ordered] YouTube ................................................................................... 25% Instagram .................................................................................. 25% TikTok ...................................................................................... 23% Local TV news ......................................................................... 22% Facebook .................................................................................. 19% X ............................................................................................... 16% CNN ......................................................................................... 14% Fox News ................................................................................. 12% Podcasts .................................................................................... 10% Snapchat ..................................................................................... 8% MSNBC ...................................................................................... 7% Barstool ...................................................................................... 2% Truth Social ................................................................................ 1% None of the above .................................................................... 26% 65. At this moment, would you say that you are more hopeful or fearful about the future of America? [Randomize responses 1-2. Rank-ordered] Fearful ...................................................................................... 67% Hopeful ..................................................................................... 30% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% Have you participated in any of the following activities in the past 12 months? 66. 67. Attended a political rally or demonstration Donated money to a political campaign or cause Yes 14% 13% No 82% 84% Refused 4% 3% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 13 Switching gears, below is a list of individuals, organizations and institutions. How often do you trust each of them to do the right thing? [Randomize list. Rank-ordered by “Net: All/Most of the time”] Net: All/ Most of the time Net: Some of the time/ Never All of the time Most of the time Some of the time Never Refused 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. The United States military The United Nations The Supreme Court The President The federal government 73. The Congress 74. The media 75. Wall Street 76. Billionaires 36% 32% 24% 20% 17% 12% 10% 9% 6% 60% 64% 72% 76% 79% 83% 86% 86% 90% 10% 26% 41% 19% 4% 4% 4% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 27% 44% 20% 20% 16% 15% 10% 9% 8% 4% 47% 51% 53% 56% 48% 38% 37% 25% 25% 27% 27% 38% 48% 53% 4% 5% 4% 4% 4% 5% 4% 5% 4% Below is a list of statements about politics and public service. Do you agree or disagree with these statements? [Randomize list. Rank-ordered by “Net: Agree”] 77. Community service is an honorable thing to do. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 75% Net: Disagree ............................................................................. 6% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 45% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 30% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 17% Somewhat disagree ..................................................................... 3% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 3% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 78. Elected officials seem to be motivated by selfish reasons. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 75% Net: Disagree ............................................................................. 5% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 40% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 36% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 18% Somewhat disagree ..................................................................... 2% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 2% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 14 79. I feel like the government does not represent the America I love. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 62% Net: Disagree ............................................................................. 7% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 30% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 32% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 28% Somewhat disagree ..................................................................... 5% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 2% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 80. Politics has become too partisan. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 61% Net: Disagree ............................................................................. 5% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 37% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 24% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 31% Somewhat disagree ..................................................................... 3% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 3% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 81. Politics today are no longer able to meet the challenges our country is facing. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 60% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 11% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 25% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 35% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 26% Somewhat disagree ..................................................................... 7% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 4% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 82. Despite our challenges, I would rather live in America than any other place. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 57% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 16% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 31% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 26% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 25% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 10% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 7% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 15 83. I feel like I need more practical information about politics before I get involved. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 53% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 17% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 21% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 32% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 28% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 10% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 7% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 84. People like me don’t have any say about what the government does. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 46% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 24% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 18% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 29% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 27% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 16% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 8% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 85. I don’t believe my vote will make a real difference. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 41% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 33% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 14% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 26% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 24% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 19% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 13% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% [If respondent is currently enrolled in a 4-year college or university, ask Q86] 86. I feel comfortable sharing my political opinions at my college without fear of censorship or negative repercussions. (n=267) Net: Agree ............................................................................... 41% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 33% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 15% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 26% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 22% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 26% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 7% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 16 87. Running for office is an honorable thing to do. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 35% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 20% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 9% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 26% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 42% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 14% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 6% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 88. I worry that posting my political views may negatively impact my employment prospects. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 35% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 29% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 13% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 22% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 33% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 14% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 15% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 89. Political involvement rarely has any tangible results. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 30% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 27% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 7% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 23% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 40% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 19% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 8% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 90. The idea of working in some form of public service is appealing to me. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 28% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 39% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 8% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 20% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 31% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 18% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 21% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 17 91. The results of my previous involvement in politics have left me disappointed. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 26% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 19% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 9% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 18% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 52% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 12% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 8% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 92. Politics is not relevant to my life. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 24% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 46% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 8% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 16% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 27% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 25% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 21% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 93. I do not see a difference between the Democratic and Republican parties. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 21% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 56% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 7% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 14% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 20% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 23% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 34% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 94. The president should have more power to get things done, without interference from Congress or the Courts. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 20% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 47% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 6% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 14% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 30% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 23% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 24% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 18 95. It really doesn’t matter to me who the President is. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 13% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 66% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 3% Somewhat agree ......................................................................... 9% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 19% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 24% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 41% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% Over the last two weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems? [Randomize list. Rank-ordered by “Net: At Least Several Days”] 96. Feeling nervous, anxious or on edge Net: At least several days ....................................................... 54% Not at all ................................................................................... 43% Several days ............................................................................. 32% More than half the days ............................................................ 13% Nearly every day ........................................................................ 9% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 97. Trouble relaxing Net: At least several days ....................................................... 50% Not at all ................................................................................... 47% Several days ............................................................................. 32% More than half the days ............................................................ 12% Nearly every day ........................................................................ 6% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 98. Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless Net: At least several days ....................................................... 44% Not at all ................................................................................... 53% Several days ............................................................................. 29% More than half the days .............................................................. 9% Nearly every day ........................................................................ 6% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 19 99. Little interest or pleasure in doing things Net: At least several days ....................................................... 40% Not at all ................................................................................... 57% Several days ............................................................................. 26% More than half the days .............................................................. 9% Nearly every day ........................................................................ 5% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 100. Loneliness Net: At least several days ....................................................... 40% Not at all ................................................................................... 57% Several days ............................................................................. 24% More than half the days .............................................................. 9% Nearly every day ........................................................................ 7% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 101. Feeling afraid as if something awful might happen Net: At least several days ....................................................... 38% Not at all ................................................................................... 59% Several days ............................................................................. 23% More than half the days .............................................................. 9% Nearly every day ........................................................................ 6% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 102. Worried about a potential mass shooting when in a public space (such as school/university, mall, office, theater, etc.) Net: At least several days ....................................................... 32% Not at all ................................................................................... 64% Several days ............................................................................. 22% More than half the days .............................................................. 7% Nearly every day ........................................................................ 4% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 103. Thoughts that you would be better off dead, or thoughts of hurting yourself in some way Net: At least several days ....................................................... 17% Not at all ................................................................................... 79% Several days ............................................................................. 10% More than half the days .............................................................. 4% Nearly every day ........................................................................ 3% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 20 How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [Randomize list. Rank-ordered by “Net: Agree”] 104. I am concerned about the moral direction of the country. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 69% Net: Disagree ............................................................................. 9% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 35% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 34% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 20% Somewhat disagree ..................................................................... 5% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 3% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 105. Basic health insurance is a right for all people, and if someone has no means of paying for it, the government should provide it. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 64% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 14% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 41% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 23% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 20% Somewhat disagree ..................................................................... 8% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 6% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 106. Basic necessities, such as food and shelter, are a right that government should provide to those unable to afford them. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 61% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 15% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 33% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 27% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 22% Somewhat disagree ..................................................................... 9% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 6% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 107. The government should spend more to reduce poverty. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 57% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 17% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 28% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 29% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 25% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 10% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 7% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 21 108. Government should do more to curb climate change, even at the expense of economic growth. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 49% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 23% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 25% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 24% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 25% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 10% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 13% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 109. People these days put too much emphasis on racial identity. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 49% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 22% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 26% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 23% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 27% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 13% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 9% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 110. If parents had more freedom to choose where they could send their children to school, the education system in this country would be better. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 42% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 25% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 15% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 27% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 31% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 15% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 9% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 111. Our country’s goal in trade policy should be to eliminate all barriers to trade and employment so that we have a truly global economy. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 31% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 19% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 8% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 23% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 48% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 13% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 5% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 22 112. Recent immigration into this country has done more good than harm. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 29% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 36% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 12% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 16% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 33% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 17% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 19% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 113. Government spending is an effective way to increase economic growth. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 28% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 25% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 7% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 21% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 44% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 15% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 10% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 114. Qualified minorities should be given special preferences in hiring and education. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 24% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 38% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 7% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 17% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 35% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 15% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 24% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 115. Religious values should play a more important role in government. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 24% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 51% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 12% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 12% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 23% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 11% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 40% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 23 116. Same sex relationships are morally wrong. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 24% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 51% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 17% Somewhat agree ......................................................................... 7% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 22% Somewhat disagree ..................................................................... 7% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 45% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 117. In today’s world, it is sometimes necessary to attack potentially hostile countries or groups, rather than waiting until we are attacked to respond. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 20% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 39% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 5% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 15% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 40% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 21% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 18% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% Please indicate whether or not the following apply to you: [Randomize list. Rank-ordered by “Net: Yes”] 118. 119. 120. 121. I have or have had immigrant classmates I have personal friends who are immigrants I have co-workers who are immigrants I have neighbors who are immigrants Yes 60% 46% 41% 40% No Don’t know Refused 19% 19% 37% 34% 31% 15% 23% 28% 2% 2% 2% 2% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 24 How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [Randomize list. Rank-ordered by “Net: Agree”] 122. Border officials have a responsibility to protect the safety of migrants. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 55% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 16% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 27% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 27% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 27% Somewhat disagree ..................................................................... 8% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 8% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 123. The US is experiencing an immigration crisis at the Southern border. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 53% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 16% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 30% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 23% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 29% Somewhat disagree ..................................................................... 8% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 8% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 124. Immigrants improve the culture of the United States. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 50% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 17% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 24% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 25% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 31% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 10% Strongly disagree ........................................................................ 7% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 125. Immigrants are taking jobs that should go to Americans instead. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 24% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 48% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 11% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 13% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 25% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 20% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 28% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 25 126. Immigrants increase crime in my community. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 21% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 45% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 9% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 12% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 32% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 18% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 27% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 127. I would be uncomfortable if an immigrant moved next door to me. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 12% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 62% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 6% Somewhat agree ......................................................................... 6% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 24% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 18% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 44% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [Randomize list. Rank-ordered by “Net: Agree”] 128. I am comfortable using someone’s preferred gender pronouns regardless of their biological sex. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 47% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 29% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 31% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 16% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 21% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 11% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 18% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 129. My generation is too soft. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 43% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 33% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 21% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 22% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 22% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 12% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 21% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 26 130. Men are too soft these days. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 32% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 41% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 14% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 19% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 24% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 13% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 28% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 131. Women are too promiscuous these days. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 24% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 45% Strongly agree .......................................................................... 10% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 15% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 27% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 12% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 33% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 132. Men’s 'locker room talk' is unfairly scrutinized these days. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 22% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 38% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 8% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 15% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 37% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 14% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 24% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 133. Women’s emotions make it more challenging to lead effectively. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 16% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 57% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 6% Somewhat agree ....................................................................... 10% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 24% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 13% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 44% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 27 134. Women should prioritize having children over joining the workforce. Net: Agree ............................................................................... 12% Net: Disagree ........................................................................... 59% Strongly agree ............................................................................ 5% Somewhat agree ......................................................................... 7% Neither agree nor disagree ....................................................... 27% Somewhat disagree ................................................................... 15% Strongly disagree ...................................................................... 44% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 135. How would you rate your personal financial situation these days? Net: Good ................................................................................ 70% Net: Bad ................................................................................... 27% Very good ................................................................................. 13% Fairly good ............................................................................... 58% Fairly bad ................................................................................. 22% Very bad ..................................................................................... 6% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 136. In general, when I am my parent's age, I believe that I will be… Better off financially than they are now ................................... 31% About the same as they are now ............................................... 28% Worse off financially than they are now .................................. 23% Not sure .................................................................................... 15% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 137. What type of high school did you most recently attend? Public ........................................................................................ 74% Private ........................................................................................ 9% Parochial ..................................................................................... 1% Charter ........................................................................................ 4% Home school ............................................................................... 6% Other ........................................................................................... 4% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% [If enrolled in a 4-year college/university, ask Q138] 138. Based on the current state of the economy, how easy or difficult do you think it will be for students in your class to find a permanent job upon graduation? (n=267) Net: Easy ................................................................................. 38% Net: Difficult ........................................................................... 58% Very easy .................................................................................. 10% Somewhat easy ......................................................................... 38% Somewhat difficult ................................................................... 44% Very difficult .............................................................................. 5% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 28 139. Which one of these best describes your religious preference? Catholic .................................................................................... 19% Fundamentalist/Evangelical Christian ..................................... 15% Jewish ......................................................................................... 2% LDS/Mormon ............................................................................. 2% Muslim ....................................................................................... 1% Protestant .................................................................................... 8% Another religion ......................................................................... 8% No religious preference ............................................................ 33% Not sure ...................................................................................... 4% Decline to answer ....................................................................... 6% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% [If Catholic, Fundamentalist/Evangelical Christian, LDS/Mormon, Protestant, Jewish, Muslim, another religion, or not sure, ask Q140] 140. How important is religion in your own life? (n=1,106) Very important ......................................................................... 41% Somewhat important ................................................................ 29% Not very important ................................................................... 26% Not sure ...................................................................................... 3% Refused ....................................................................................... 0% [If Catholic, Fundamentalist/Evangelical Christian, LDS/Mormon, Protestant, another religion, or not sure, ask Q141] 141. Do you consider yourself a born-again Christian? (n=1,038) Yes ............................................................................................ 30% No ............................................................................................. 50% Not sure .................................................................................... 15% Decline to answer ....................................................................... 4% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% 142. Which of the following do you consider yourself to be? Heterosexual or straight ........................................................... 73% Gay ............................................................................................. 3% Lesbian ....................................................................................... 2% Bisexual ...................................................................................... 9% Other Queer identity (e.g. pansexual, asexual etc.) .................... 5% None of the above ...................................................................... 1% I don’t know ............................................................................... 2% Prefer not to say ......................................................................... 3% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 143. Do you consider yourself to be transgender or non-binary? Yes .............................................................................................. 4% No ............................................................................................. 92% Prefer not to say ......................................................................... 3% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 29 [If transgender or non-binary, ask Q144] 144. Are you: (n=79) Transgender, male to female ...................................................... 6% Transgender, female to male .................................................... 13% Gender non-binary ................................................................... 57% No, not transgender or non-binary ............................................. 9% Prefer not to say ....................................................................... 15% Refused ....................................................................................... 0% 145. Are you: An immigrant ............................................................................. 6% The child of an immigrant ........................................................ 16% None of the above .................................................................... 77% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 146. Switching topics, which of these best describes your phone service at this time? Please select all that apply. Cell phone ................................................................................ 93% Landline phone service .............................................................. 7% VOIP phone service ................................................................... 2% None of these .............................................................................. 4% [If enrolled in a 4-year college/university, ask Q147 & Q148] 147. Is your college/university…? (n=267) Public ........................................................................................ 69% Private ...................................................................................... 30% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% 148. Is the college/university that you currently attend…? (n=267) In an urban or city area ............................................................. 50% In a suburban area next to a city ............................................... 27% In a small town or rural area .................................................... 20% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 149. Which of the following best describes the area in which you live (if in college, when not in school)? Suburban .................................................................................. 43% Urban ........................................................................................ 24% Rural ......................................................................................... 15% Small town ............................................................................... 15% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 30 [If enrolled in a 4-year college/university, ask Q150 – Q153] 150. Which college/university do you attend? (n=267) Available upon request 151. How many undergraduate students are enrolled in your college/university? Your best estimate is fine. (n=267) Less than 1,000 ........................................................................... 2% 1,000 - 4,999 ............................................................................ 26% 5,000 – 9,999 ............................................................................ 22% 10,000 – 19,999 ........................................................................ 18% 20,000 or more ......................................................................... 28% Refused ....................................................................................... 3% 152. Where do you live while attending college? (n=267) In an on-campus dormitory ...................................................... 33% At home, with my parents ........................................................ 32% In an apartment/house that is not campus-owned (not with parents) ..................................................................... 25% In a campus-owned apartment ................................................... 3% Somewhere else .......................................................................... 3% In fraternity/sorority housing ..................................................... 2% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% 153. Are you a …? (n=267) Full-time student ...................................................................... 88% Part-time student ...................................................................... 11% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% 154. Which of the following best describes your current employment status? (n=1,008) Employed full time ................................................................... 42% Student ...................................................................................... 21% Employed part time .................................................................. 18% Not employed ........................................................................... 10% Self-employed ............................................................................ 3% Not employed / Homemaker ...................................................... 4% Refused ....................................................................................... 2% [If employed full time or part time, ask Q155] 155. Are you currently employed in the gig economy -- where people earn income providing on- demand work, services or goods? (n=633) Yes ............................................................................................ 12% No ............................................................................................. 87% Refused ....................................................................................... 1% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 31 156. Age 18-24 ........................................................................................ 58% 25-29 ........................................................................................ 42% 157. Race / Ethnicity White, Non-Hispanic ................................................................ 52% Hispanic .................................................................................... 24% Black, Non-Hispanic ................................................................ 14% Other, Non-Hispanic .................................................................. 7% 2+ Races, Non-Hispanic ............................................................. 3% 158. Please choose one or more race(s) that you consider yourself to be: White ........................................................................................ 70% Black or African American ...................................................... 15% Asian .......................................................................................... 7% Some other race .......................................................................... 6% American Indian or Alaska Native ............................................. *% 159. Gender Male .......................................................................................... 50% Female ...................................................................................... 50% Non-binary ................................................................................. 0% 160. Marital Status Never married ........................................................................... 84% Now married ............................................................................. 14% Divorced ..................................................................................... 1% Separated .................................................................................... 1% Widowed .................................................................................... 0% 161. Region 4 (Based on state of residence) Northeast .................................................................................. 17% Midwest .................................................................................... 20% South ........................................................................................ 38% West .......................................................................................... 25% 162. Region 9 (Based on state of residence) New England .............................................................................. 4% Mid-Atlantic ............................................................................. 13% East-North Central ................................................................... 14% West-North Central .................................................................... 6% South Atlantic ........................................................................... 19% East-South Central ..................................................................... 5% West-South Central .................................................................. 14% Mountain .................................................................................... 8% Pacific ....................................................................................... 17% Harvard IOP Youth Survey – Spring 2024 32 163. MSA Status Non-Metro ................................................................................ 12% Metro ........................................................................................ 88% Methodology This poll of 2,010 18-to-29-year-olds was organized with undergraduate students from the Harvard Public Opinion Project (HPOP) and supervised by John Della Volpe, Director of Polling. Data were collected by Ipsos Public Affairs using the KnowledgePanel. KnowledgePanel provides probability- based samples with an “organic” representation of the study population for measurement of public opinions, attitudes, and behaviors. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish between March 14 and 21, 2024. The target population for this survey is US residents between the ages of 18 and 29. Data are weighted to reflect population estimates based on age, race/Hispanic ethnicity, education, household income, census region by metropolitan area, and primary language within Hispanics. The margin of error for the total sample is +/- 3.02%. ###