Flooding in and around the home can affect all your family members, and that includes the four-legged ones. Pets can be at risk during and after a flooding event, with challenges ranging from contaminated water to mold spores to drowning risk. Below are some tips to keep your pets safe during and after a flood.
Whether it's a minor flood in your basement, or major flood in your yard, standing water can pose risks to your pet. Small dogs and cats can be at risk for drowning in just a few inches of water. Plus long exposure in standing water can harm your pet’s skin, especially on their feet and between their toes. Standing water can also be contaminated with chemicals from paint, carpet, and other materials, as well as sewage and bacteria. Some pets may be tempted to drink the water, especially if they are outdoors. This can be very harmful to your pet’s health, leading to things like heartworm or Leptospirosis.
Try to keep your pets out of flood water. If they are small enough to carry, keep them in your arms or a carrier. If they are bigger, find dry platforms (like a deck) for them to stay out of the wet. If the water damage is in your home’s basement, keep your pet upstairs or in a covered space like a garage to keep them out of the water until professionals arrive to clean it up. Make sure they have fresh, clean water to drink to keep them away from the contaminated liquid.
Pets can be effected by a flooding event even after the water has receded. Some pets may experience stress or trauma depending on how much the flooding affected their routine. If your pet is visibly shaking, licking, or displaying other signs of stress, increased exercise and play can help alleviate some of their trauma-based anxiety. If the problem persists, talk to your vet. Floodwaters outside the home can wash away scent markers your pets may use to navigate the outdoors. Keep your pet on a leash or if they’re chipped, keep the information up to date. You don’t want your furry friend running off and getting lost in potentially still flooded areas.
It’s not just outdoor flooding that can cause issues for your pet after a flood event. Interior water damage can cause a multitude of health issues if not cleaned up properly. Mold spores can be a major problem to your pet. If you notice your pets scratching, exhibiting extreme lethargy, wheezing or coughing, or disruption in regular eating habits, your pet may be suffering the long-term effects of black mold exposure. Contact your vet right away if you see these symptoms.
Flooding can be a major issue to your four-legged family members. Whether indoors or out, following the tips above should help keep your pets safe. Another way to keep them (and the rest of your family) safe is with DriBot. DriBot is an advanced sump pump system designed to help prevent the common reasons homes flood. Want to learn how? Visit www.dribot.com.


Wouldn’t it be great if your child was excited to go start school instead of nervous and proclaim they couldn’t wait to become a student? This is what school readiness classes can do.
Parents are all on that journey of preparing their little ones for the road of life and in doing so, have the privilege of discovering who their children are and what skills and activities they like. It’s a parents job to help fuel the many activity services that exist in the community such as sports groups, dance, music, art, outdoor adventures, swimming schools, computer clubs, cooking… well, the list is endless!
What many parents may overlook is that being a student is a skill set in its own right!
At Begin Bright, we understand the difference between being thrown into the deep end of starting school with no knowledge of what’s to come or arriving on their first day with what we call ‘school readiness’ – the knowledge of what school skills they are confident in and abilities they can already show off to their peers and teachers.
Often the first day can dictate the perception of the education system to a little one for the duration of their schooling and why wouldn’t you want to ensure that it’s the best possible and positive start of learning and growing?
We know everyone is unique and are good at some skills and need attention in others. At Begin Bright, we can balance that situation by enhancing their positive attributes and bringing up to speed some of the school readiness skills that you as a parent can see they need extra time and attention to fine-tune.
Here are some of the school readiness attributes we address at Begin Bright:
We enjoy providing familiarisation with the school environment by focusing on listening, cooperating, taking turns, following instructions and trusting their caregivers/teachers. Any parent who has multiple children will know that these qualities are often played out differently at home amongst siblings!
Sometimes a child can be sharp and intelligent but miss out on the opportunity to be heard without confidence in large groups. Our teachers can help bring to them to the front of the class so they feel valued and sure in their participation in learning and expression. You know what they like and are good at and we can ensure others can see that too.
Fine Motor Skills
When a child knows how to work the tools of the trade, everyone saves time and effort. By addressing proper pen techniques and the usage of many different school items correctly we can free up your child’s learning to focus on absorbing all of that wonderful information coming their way and help make them feel they fit in well within the class.
We can provide for your child familiarity with phonemic alphabet sounds and pronunciation, number concepts and have the basics of letter and number formation stored well under their learning hat. Begin Bright’s programmes are a perfect complement to Speech and/or Occupational Therapy. With an emphasis on correct placement of the tongue and intonation we also instil a sense of confidence in a child’s ability to express themselves in a school environment.
All of our pupils come from a diverse range of cultural and linguistic backgrounds and Begin Bright values each and every one of them.
Additionally, we provide to you, the parent, peace of mind. We understand that your child is your greatest investment in life and no one need be told that their child is lacking or behind. At Begin Bright we see these issues as a case of balance, that all that is needed is some quality attention to ensure your child’s skills are all on the same level so you can relax and look forward to the positive feedback and reports from school for having a brighter, more confident and happy child.


In old Russia, to make sauerkraut and soaked apples whole families gathered together.
Traditionally, the end of September – beginning of October was the time of soaking apples and making sauerkraut. Apples were picked, sorted and soaked. A few days later people chopped and shreddedcabbage to make sure that for the whole winter they had something to cook cabbage soup and bake pies.
In the olden days people used to make a lot of sauerkraut. To do this, they picked certain number of days and worked together. In ancient sauerkraut recipesthey used anise and sometimes raisins. Today, these recipes are rarely used. Today to sauerkraut cooks add cranberries, cowberries, apples and red pepper. The basis is cabbage, carrots, salt and a little sugar.
Cabbage is finely shredded; carrots are grated on a medium or fine grater. Cabbage is separately salted and then they add a little sugar; then it is kneaded by hands until the juice begins to emerge. Once cabbage is mixed with carrots, it is placed in jars (in the old days – in wooden barrels). It is placed there very tightly by trampling down. Jars with cabbage are left in a warm place for a few days. Cabbage is pierced by a wooden stick to the bottom of the container. Then cabbage jars are placed for a couple of days in a cool place for storage.
Sauerkraut can be eaten by itself. When you serve it, you can add a little vegetable oil. Sauerkraut is the main ingredient of the Russian cabbage soup. And it was also used as a filling for cakes and pies.
In some villages people still soak apples using old recipes and using for this purpose special wooden tubs.
Tubs for soaking apples are lined with scalded straw. Apples are layered on them, and each layer is covered by a layer of straw. On top of all layers you place a press. The best variety of apples for soaking was considered antonovka. In the old times apples were soaked in licorice root decoction, to which were added cloves and cinnamon. Or some people added kvass with leaves of currant, cherry and mint.
Over the centuries, sauerkraut and soaked apples have become the symbols of the Russian cuisine.
To discover Russia with Alexey Gureev


Aspects of Supercomputing Assignment Help
Supercomputer, any of a class of incredibly effective computer systems. The term is frequently used to the fastest high-performance systems offered at any offered time. Such computer systems have actually been utilized mainly for clinical and engineering work needing extremely high-speed calculations. Typical applications for supercomputers consist of screening mathematical designs for intricate physical phenomena or styles, such as environment and weather condition, development of the universes, nuclear weapons and reactors, brand-new chemical substances (specifically for pharmaceutical functions), and cryptology. As the expense of supercomputing decreased in the 1990s, more services started to utilize supercomputers for marketing research and other business-related designs.
A supercomputer is a computer system with a high level of computational capability compared to a general-purpose computer system. Efficiency of a supercomputer is determined in floating-point operations per 2nd (FLOPS) rather of million directions per 2nd (MIPS). Supercomputers were presented in the 1960s, made at first, and for years mainly, by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), Cray Research and subsequent business bearing his name or monogram. While the supercomputers of the 1970s utilized just a couple of processors, in the 1990s, devices with thousands of processors started to appear and, by the end of the 20th century, enormously parallel supercomputers with 10s of thousands of off-the-shelf processors were the standard.
supercomputer users on the mathematical elements of software application and on the information structures and calculations that are utilized in clinical simulations. There has actually constantly been interaction in between advances in supercomputing (hardware and software application) and advances in mainstream computing. The function of supercomputing in all of these locations is ending up being more vital, and supercomputing is having an ever-greater impact on future development. Regardless of continuing boosts in ability, supercomputer systems are still insufficient to satisfy the requirements of these applications. It is difficult to measure in an exact way the advantages of supercomputing, the committee thinks that the returns on increased financial investments in supercomputing will considerably surpass the expense of these financial investments.
Similar to the scramble to obtain to the moon in the '60s, the pride of countries is at stake and the benefits in regards to fringe innovation advantages have the possible to be big. Supercomputers permit us to find brand-new drugs, forecast the weather condition, battle wars for us and make us loan on the stock exchange. These are simply the more typical applications; there actually is no data-analysing job that cannot be resolved much quicker when the brute power of these computing devices is released. Supercomputers are specified as the fastest computer systems at any offered time, and they huge service. They supply the power to drastically decrease research study time, to precisely mimic and design reality systems, and to assist style items completely matched for their environment.
Countries that purchase supercomputers can rapidly profit in regards to technological advances, not to discuss the congratulations of being at the extremely leading edge of innovations that are currently altering the world we reside in. There is a guaranteed pride in being the very best in the supercomputing sphere - a pride America delighted in considering that 2004. It was for that reason huge news state-side when China's Tianhe-1A, based at the National Supercomputer Centre in Tianjin, took the supercomputing crown from America's Jaguar system at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in November 2010. For several years the United States had actually enjoyed its status as the leader in the field, and regardless of losing the leading area, it might take some solace from that the Tianhe-1A was constructed from United States innovation - particularly Nvidia GPUs.
Aspects of Supercomputing Homework Help
Supercomputers were initially utilized in applications associated to nationwide security, consisting of nuclear weapons style and cryptography. Today they are likewise consistently used by the aerospace, petroleum, and vehicle markets. In addition, supercomputers have actually discovered large application in locations including engineering or clinical research study, as, for instance, in research studies of the structure of subatomic particles and of the origin and nature of deep space. Supercomputers have actually ended up being an important tool in weather condition forecasting: forecasts are now based upon mathematical designs. As the expense of supercomputers decreased, their usage infect the world of online video gaming. In specific, the 5th through 10th fastest Chinese supercomputers in 2007 were owned by a business with online rights in China to the video game World of Warcraft, which often had more than a million individuals playing together in the very same video gaming world. We supply 24/7 assistance for Aspects of Supercomputing Assignment help & Aspects of Supercomputing research help. Our Aspects of Supercomputing Online tutors are readily available online to supply online assistance for complicated Aspects of Supercomputing tasks & research to provide with in the due date. Elements of Supercomputing assistance is readily available by skilled tutors round the clock.


Ingredients and Chemicals that May Contain Meat Products
This is to provide further insight into the many simple and common ingredients that may still contain meat products in them without being aware of it.
Acid casein - Made from milk. Bread and cereal enrichment.
Activated carbon - Vegetable (within USA) or animal (cow bone). Sugar processing and water purification.
Adipic acid (Hexanedioic Acid) - Synthetic, may contain extremely low amount of meat products. Processed food to impart a tart flavoring.
Adrenaline - Adrenal glands of hogs, cattle, and sheep. Medicine.
Albumen - Egg white, blood, vegetable tissues. Usually derived from egg whites. Baked goods, cakes, cookies, pastries, candies and cosmetics.
Albumin - Made from blood, eggs, cow\'s milk or vegetable To add texture or to thicken food.
Allantoin - Cows, most mammals, many plants (especially comfrey). In cosmetics, creams and lotions.
Ambergris - Whale intestines, synthetic or vegetable. Used in making perfumes and as foods flavoring.
Amino acid - Animal, vegetable, synthetic and bacterial. Supplements, baked goods, cosmetics and shampoos. It is the building block of proteins.
Amylase - Fungal, bacterial, animal (pig). Products (baked goods) where sugar comes from corn. It is an enzyme that breaks starch down to a more basic form.
Cane sugar (Sucrose) - Vegetable. Animal bones are often used as a filter while processing it. Natural sugar. Florida Crystal Sugar and Jack Frost Sugar are not processed with animal bones.
Capric acid (N-decanoic Acid) - Vegetable or animal. Ice cream, baked goods, sweets, beverages and artificial flavorings. An element in some fats used to make synthetic flavoring. red lollipops and food coloring
Caprylic Acid - Cow\'s or goat\'s milk Coconut oil, palm oils, perfumes and soaps.
Carmine (Cochineal or Carminic Acid) - Red coloring made from insects. Candies, frozen pops, bottled juice, red apple sauce, colored pasta, \"natural\" cosmetics and shampoos.
Carotene - Provitamin A. Beta Carotene Animal, plants Coloring in cosmetics and vitamin A.
Casein - Milk protein. Added to dairy products such as cottage cheese, \"non-dairy\" creamers, cream cheese, sour cream, cheese. Added to imitation and soy cheese, breads and cereals. Cosmetics and hair preparations.
Carbohydrate - Vegetable or animal (insects). Cornstarch and glucose.
Carmine - Animal (insects). Juices, dairy products, ice creams, fruit fillings, pudding and baked goods. Food coloring made from female beetles.
Clarifying agent - Animal (egg, gelatin, fish bladder), milk, mineral. Used to help filter out small particles out of liquids to make the liquid clear.
Cochineal - Animal, insects. Juices, ice cream, fruit fillings, yogurt, pudding and sweets.
Cysteine (L-cysteine) - Human hair. Bakes goods, breads, food supplements. It is an amino acid that is produced by the human body. Hair care products and creams.
Cystine (L-cystine) - Human hair, horsehair. Food supplements. It is an amino acid that is produced by the human body.
Dextrose (glucose, corn sugar) - Vegetable. Animal bones may be use to filter it.
Diglyceride - Animal (cow or hog), vegetable. Baked goods, peanut butter, chewing gum, whipped topping, sweets, drinks, ice creams and shortening. Used to mix ingredients that normally don\'t mix together, such as water and oil.
Disodium inosinate - Animal (meat or animal), vegetable, fungal. Canned vegetables, spreads, powdered soups and sauces. A flavor enhancer.
Dough Conditioner - Usually mineral, but sometimes animal, vegetable or synthetic. Helps to make dough easier to handle. Such as glyceryl monostearate, potassium bromate, locust (carob) bean gum, monocalcium sulfate, benzoyl peroxide and calcium sulfate.
Duodenum Substances - Digestive tracts of cows and pigs. Vitamin tablets and medications.
Emulsifier - Animal (cow, hog, eggs, milk), vegetable, synthetic. Processed foods, peanut butter, candies, dairy products, baked goods, soft drinks, chocolate and ice creams. It is used to keep unlike ingredients mixed together. Lecithin, mono- and diglycerides, calcium stearoyl, polysorbate and monostearate.
Enzyme - Animal (cow, hog), eggs, vegetable, fungal, or bacterial. Cheese and baked goods. Protein added to food to change it. Rennet, which is used in the process of making cheese, may be derived from either an animal or vegetarian source. Examples are rennet, papain, pectinase, lactase, trypsin, protease and lipase. Pipsins, lipases, trypsins usually come from animals.
Folic acid (pteroyl glutamic acid, folacin) - Usually synthetic or fungal. Could be animal, vegetable. Enriched food such as baked goods and macaroni. B-vitamin complex.
Fat - Animal (cow or hog), vegetable. Tallow, lard, soybean oil and cocoa butter.
Fatty acid - Animal (cow or hog), vegetable, synthetic. Used in lipsticks, food, cosmetics, detergents and soap.
Flavor enhancer - Animal (meat or fish), vegetable. Monosodium glutamate, disodium guanylate, disodium inosiante and soy sauce. It gives food a flavor, but has little or no flavor itself.
Foaming agent - Usually animal or dairy-mineral. Sodium caseinate. Used to make food foam.
Gelatin - Hooves, cartilage, bones of animal. Jellybeans, marshmallows, yogurts, ice cream, cakes and frosted cereals. Shampoos and cosmetics, coating on pills and capsules. On photographic film. Used as a thickener.
Glucose (Dextrose) - Fruits or animal tissues. Soft drinks, frosting, candies and baked goods.
Glycerin - Glycerol Byproduct of soap manufacturing (usually is animal fat). Cosmetics, foods, toothpastes, mouthwashes, ointments, chewing gum, medicines and soaps.
Glycerides (Mono-, Di-, Tri-glycerides) - Animal fat (cow, hog), vegetable, synthetic. Processed foods, baked goods, peanut butter, jelly, ice cream, chocolate, chewing gums, candies, beverages, shortening and whipped toppings. Used to mix ingredients that normally don\'t mix together, such as water and oil. Most of them are vegetarian, but some may be animal-based.
Glycerol (Glycerin, Glycerine) - Usually vegetable, may be animal (cow, hog). Candies, baked goods, marshmallows, sweets and soft drinks. Preservative that helps retain moisture.
Guanine - Scales of fish. Shampoo, nail polish, and other cosmetics.
Invert sugar (Colorose, Inversol) - Vegetable. This sugar may be processed with cow bones. If derived from sugar beets, it is not usually processed with cow bones. Baked goods and candy. Often non-vegetarian.
Insulin - From hog pancreas. Used by millions of diabetics daily. Alternatives: synthetics, vegetarian diet and nutritional supplements, human insulin grown in a lab.
Isinglass - Fish. Alcoholic beverages (white wine and chardonnay) and some jelly deserts.
Isopropyl Palmitate - Complex mixtures of isomers of stearic acid and palmitic acid. (See Stearic Acid.)
Keratin - Usually animal (chicken, hair and nails of). What the amino acid tyrosine is often made from.
Lac-resin (shellac) - Animal (insect secretion). Candy, fruit, pills. Combined in making wax.
Lactic acid - Animal, milk. Pickles, frozen desserts, fruit preserves, candy, olives, yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut and chewing gum and foods produced by fermentation. Skin fresheners. Sometimes in beer.
Lactose (saccharum lactin) - Milk sugar from mammals. Used to sour milk, medicinal diuretics, laxatives baked goods, medicines and baby formulas.
Lactylic stearate - Salt of stearic acid from tallow. Dough conditioner.
Lanolin - Fat from sheep\'s wool. Chewing gum, cosmetics and ointments.
Lard -Fat from hog abdomens. In shaving creams, soaps, cosmetics. In baked goods, French fries, refried beans, and many other foods. Alternatives: pure vegetable fats or oils. Tortillas (sometimes), refried beans, processed foods, chewing gum, some baked goods and piecrust (sometimes). It is sometimes used in the production of maple syrup, but not usually by the larger producers.
Lanolin Oil - Glands of sheep, extracted from their wool. Skin care products, cosmetics and some medicines.
Lecithin - Phospholipids from plants, animal tissues or egg yolk. Mainly from eggs and soybeans. Usually vegetarian. Baked goods, margarine, soft drinks, chocolate, candy, cereal, vegetable oil sprays and cosmetic. Lipsticks, hand creams, lotions, soaps, shampoos, medicines and eye creams. Waxy substance.
Linoleic Acid - An essential fatty acid. Cosmetics and vitamins.
Lipase - Enzyme from the tongue and stomach of animals (hog, cow), fungal. Cheese, ice cream, chocolate, cream and margarine. Used in making cheese and digestive aids.
Luetein - Yellow coloring from marigolds or egg yolks. Food coloring for processed foods.
Magnesium stearate - Animal (cow, hog) - Mineral, vegetable-mineral. Sugarless gum, candy and pills. Used as a preservative or to mix ingredients that normally don\'t mix together, such as water and oil.
Maple syrup - Vegetable but may be processed with an extremely small amount of animal (cow or hog) or with butter. This is usually now only done by traditional, smaller producers. Most larger producers use a compound from a synthetic source to reduce foaming. Pancake syrup, candy, cereal. Holsum, Spring Tree and Maple Groves do not use animal-derived products to process their maple syrup.
Methionine - Usually from egg and casein (dairy). Texturizer and for freshness in potato chips. It is an essential amino acid.
Modified starch - Vegetable. Pie filling, gravies, desserts and sauces. Corn that has been altered. Animal products are used in making oleic, which is often used in making adipic acid, which is used to alter corn to make starch.
Monoglyceride - Animal (cow or hog) fat or vegetable. Baked goods, peanut butter, chewing gum, whipped toppings, sweets, drinks, ice cream, shortening, margarines, cake mixes, candies and in cosmetics. Used to mix ingredients that normally don\'t mix together, such as water and oil.
Myristic acid (n-tetradecanoic) - Usually animal (cow or sheep). Processed foods, baked goods, ice cream, candy, cocoa flavoring, butter, chocolate, gelatin desserts and butterscotch. Component of fats used in food.
Natural coloring - Usually vegetable. Animal (insects). Processed foods, baked goods, beverages, candy, cereal, ice cream, pasta, dry mixes, margarine.
Natural flavoring - Vegetables, animal (meat, fish, eggs, milk). Processed foods, baked goods, drinks, salad dressing and cereals. An additive to give flavoring to food.
Nutritive sweetener - Vegetable, animal (insect), synthetic. Sucrose, molasses, aspartame, dextrose, corn syrup, fructose and honey. Sweeteners that have more than two calories per gram.
Oleic acid (oleinic acid) - Animal tallow, vegetable fats and oils. Cheese, candy, synthetic butter, beverages, baked goods, ice cream, vegetable fats, oils, soaps, lipsticks, cosmetics and nail polish. Fats that bind or flavor food.
Olestra (Sucrose polyester, Olean) - Vegetable, synthetic. Often gotten from inedible tallow. Tortilla chips, potato chips, cheese puffs, crackers, lipsticks, nail polish, , creams The sucrose used to process it may be filtered by cow bones. A fat substitute. Derivatives: Oleyl Oleate, Oleyl Stearate
Palmitic acid (n-hexadeconoic) - Animal (cow, hog fats), vegetable oils, palm oil. Usually non-vegetarian. Baked goods, cheese and butter flavoring shampoos, shaving soaps, creams. Helps ingredients that don\'t normally mix together, such as water and oil. Derivatives: Palmitate, Palmitamine,Palmitamide.
Pepsin - Hog\'s stomachs. Cheeses, vitamins. A clotting agent. Polypeptides: Obtained from slaughterhouse wastes.
Polysorbates - Derivatives of fatty acids. In cosmetics, foods.
Pepsin - Enzyme from a pig or cow stomachs. Rennet to make cheese, digestive aids and vitamins. An enzyme that helps break down proteins. A clotting agent.
Polysorbate - Animal, vegetable, synthetic. Derivatives of fatty acids. Baked goods, gelatin products, chocolate, ice cream, candy, soft drinks, nondairy creamer, salad dressing, spreads, artificial toppings, pickles and cosmetics. Used to mix ingredients that normally don\'t mix together, such as water and oil.
Processing aid - Animal (cow, hog), egg, milk, vegetable, synthetic, mineral. Sugar, juice, beer, wine. Something added to foods during processing, and then is mostly or completely removed. It can be used to get rid of unwanted flavoring or coloring or aid in filtering.
Propolis - Resinous substance that comes from bees. Supplements and found in \"natural\" toothpastes
Protease - Animal, vegetable, fungal, bacterial. Rennin, papain, lactase, pepsin, bromelain, trypsin. Dough conditioning, beer. A general term for enzymes that break down proteins.
Rennet - Animal (usually cow Enzyme from calves' stomachs), vegetable, bacteria, molds. Cheese, custard. Rennet is used in the processing of cheese. In many soy cheese brands.
Rennin - Animal (usually cow), vegetable, bacteria, molds. Cheese, custard. Rennin is used in the processing of cheese.
Resinous Glaze - Excretion of certain insects. Candy glaze, in hair lacquer.
Simplesse - Milk, egg Ice cream, yogurt, margarine and salad dressings. Fat substitute. Egg may be used to process it.
Sodium stearoyl lactylate - Animal-mineral (cow, hog), milk, vegetable-mineral. Baked good mixes, pudding mixes, pancake mixes, instant rice, coffee whiteners, shortenings, margarine, dehydrated fruits or vegetables. Used to condition dough or to mix ingredients that normally don\'t mix together, such as water and oil.
Stearic acid (n-octadecanoic) - Animal (cow, stomachs of pigs, and sometimes from dogs and cats from animal shelters), vegetable. Food flavoring chewing gum, soaps, deodorants, creams, cosmetics and hairspray. Steroids, Sterols: Animal glands, vegetable. In creams, lotions, hair conditioners. Used in hormone preparation.
Sucrose (sugar) - Vegetable. May have been processed by using cow bone filter.
Surface-active agents (surfactants) - Such as sorbitan monostearate. Animal, vegetable, synthetic. Processed foods, cheeses, peanut butter and salad dressing. A general term for a food additive to process them.
Surface-finishing agents - Animal, vegetable, synthetic. Fruits and baked goods. Beeswax, shellac wax, gum acacia, carnauba wax and paraffin. Put on food to make it look shiny. Normally vegetarian.
Suet (Tallow) - White fat from kidneys and loins of animals. Margarine, shortening, pastries, cake mixes, cooking oils, soaps, candles, cosmetics, rubber, waxed paper and crayons.
Tallow (Suet fatty acid, Stearic Acid) - Fat from cattle, sheep, sometimes vegetable. Margarine, shortening, pastries, cake mixes, cooking oils, soaps, candles, cosmetics, rubber, waxed paper and crayons. Animal fat that is used to make baked goods more fluffy or to reduce the foam during the production of maple syrup, yeast and beet sugar.
Tyrosine (L-tyrosine) - Animal (chicken feathers). Dietary supplements, suntan products. It is an amino acid that is produced by and needed by the body.
Urea, Carbamide: Excreted from urine and body fluids. Synthetically. In hair colorings, deodorants, mouthwashes shampoos, hand creams. Browning agents for food such as pretzels. Derivatives: Imidazolidinyl Urea, Uric Acid
Vitamin A (A1, retinal) - Egg yolks, fish liver oil, vegetables, carotene in carrots, wheat germ oil, and synthetics. Supplements, \"natural\" cosmetics. Skim milk, milk, dietary infant formula, margarine, certain cheeses. Hair-dyes, cosmetics, creams, perfumes. Exist in milk, fish oil and eggs. Yellow and orange vegetables contain an ingredient that is transformed into this vitamin.
Vitamin B12 - Found in all animal products Usually animal source. synthetic form is vegan Fortified foods and supplements.
Vitamin D-3 - Vitamin D can come from fish liver oil, milk, egg yolk, etc. Vitamin D-2 can come from animal fats. Alternatives: plant and mineral sources, synthetics, completely vegetarian vitamins, exposure of skin to sunshine. Many other vitamins can come from animal sources. Examples: choline, biotin, inositol, riboflavin, etc.
Vitamin D (D1, D2, D3) - D1 is produced by human skin when exposed to the sun, animal, vegetable Usually from animals. Cosmetics, lotions, creams.
D2 (ergocalciferol) - made from yeast or plants.
D3 (cholecalciferol, calciferol) - Comes from lanolin or fish liver oil Vitamin D-3 is always from an animal source. Fortified foods and supplements. A vitamin needed for bone and teeth development.
Wax - Vegetable, animal (insect- or cow), synthetic. Put on vegetables and fruits as a protective coating. Candy, chewing gum. Usually vegetarian.
Whey - Watery liquid that separates from milk Cakes, breads, cookies, candies, crackers. In cheese-making.
* * *
Are NATURAL FLAVORS always vegetarian ????
The definition of natural flavorings and flavors from the "Code of Federal Regulations" is as follows:
"The term natural flavoring means the essential oil, oleoresin, essence or extractive, protein hydrosylate, distillate, or any product of roasting, heating or enzymolysis, which contains the flavoring constituents derived from a spice, fruit or fruit juice, edible yeast, herb, bark, bud, root, leaf, or similar plant material, MEAT, SEAFOOD, POULTRY, EGGS, dairy products, or FERMENTATION PRODUCTS thereof, whose significant function in food is flavoring rather than nutritional."
In other words, natural flavors can be pretty much anything approved for use in food. It's nearly impossible to tell what is in natural flavors unless the company has specified it in the label. A few of the vegetarian or vegan oriented companies are doing this now, BUT THE OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF THE FOOD MANUFACTURERS DO NOT.
The companies actually HIDE the ingredients under the natural flavors mostly in a way of preserving the product's identity and uniqueness.
So, what is a Vegetarian to do ?
Call the company and ask them what's in the flavorings. It is highly unlikely that they would reveal it. But, if they do, good for you. Else look out for other brands.
Gelatin can be made from cows, pigs, fish and other animals. It is animal protein used especially for its thickening and gelling properties.
It is often used in candies, puddings, YOGHURT, marshmallows, sour cream, frozen desserts, cheese spreads, soft drinks, pill capsules and juice.
Is Kosher gelatin vegetarian?
Kosher gelatin can be made with fish and/or beef.
Is there a vegetarian gelatin ?
There are "gelatins" that are vegetable or synthetic in the market. In most cases it would be clearly mentioned. If not, buy it at your own risk.
For people who are really after gelatin......
Emes Kosher products is one company which produces vegetarian gelatin made from a type of seaweed. But don't forget that not all kosher gelatin is vegetarian.


Moringa similar to powdered milk at a fraction of the cost.
The potential of Moringa is far greater than your local cold-pressed juice counter.
Moringa is not only exceptionally drought-resistant but its leaves have a huge amount of protein, about 30 percent dry weight.
Kale and Matcha have long since ruled the supergreens kingdom. But recently, a powerful new grassy-hued food has started making waves as an even healthier alternative. Moringa oleifera, also known as horseradish tree because of the pungent, bitter flavor of the roots, is a tree native to India, Pakistan, and Nepal. You may have noticed the catchy name, which sounds more like a salsa dance move than a superfood, cropping up as an ingredient in smoothies, juices, and booster shots at health food shops nationwide. Some have already called Moringa, with its seemingly endless list of benefits, the next big supergreen of 2017. But while it may strike the average green-juice–swigging American as new, the nutrient-packed plant has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years.
Mark Olson, a professor of evolutionary biology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, who has studied Moringa for more than 20 years. “Moringa is not only exceptionally drought-resistant but its leaves have a huge amount of protein, about 30 percent dry weight, similar to powdered milk at a fraction of the cost. With so much of the global population facing protein-energy malnutrition, a protein-rich food that grows well in a drought-prone area of high population density is very important,” says Olson.
“What is really exciting about Moringa is that it provides needed nutrition and ‘nutraceutical’ effects for people in places where these things are really needed,” says Olson.
On the complete opposite side of the spectrum, today many Americans are considered to be overfed but undernourished, sometimes suffering from micronutrient deficiency as a result. In these reverse situations, Moringa could also be used as a similarly beneficial nutritional supplement in nations where calories are readily available but which class someone is in too often determines access to nutritious food.
May 3, 2017 8:00 PM
by Claudia McNeilly


The state of Wyoming and the federal government seem to be in tune for once on an issue that involves energy development and environmental protection, according to the Wyoming Star-Tribune.
Last Thursday, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced it is beginning a comprehensive research study “to investigate the potential adverse impact that hydraulic fracturing may have on water quality and public health.”
The process, also known as “fracking,” is the practice of pressurizing a mixture of sand and various fluids to fracture gas-bearing rock deep underground, creating pathways for the gas to flow toward a well bore.
Fracking has been used in Wyoming for decades. But it wasn’t until the late 1990s that refinements in the process were credited with unlocking huge gas reserves in the Jonah Field and Pinedale Anticline.
Combined with directional drilling, fracking has also unlocked major shale gas plays in Texas, Louisiana, Pennsylvania and New York in recent years. But these successes have also sparked complaints from environmental groups and public health advocates, who contend there’s not enough public information about the fluids that are being pumped underground. These critics have asked the EPA to make sure these chemicals are not contaminating drinking water sources.
State regulators and industry officials maintain there has not been a single documented case of contaminated drinking water due to fracking in Wyoming. That may be true, but even if it is, one of the reasons such contamination would be difficult to prove is the fact that each company has its own “recipe” for fluids used in fracking, and such information is considered proprietary and closely guarded.
To read this article in its entirety, please click onto https://www.trib.com/news/opinion/editorial/article_51e51d16-4908-513a-9d48-a06624f940a7.html


Q.1) The idea of Constitutional Renaissance was first referred in which of the following cases?
a)Lily Thomas Vs Union of India Case
b)Manoj Narula Judgement
c)Shreya Singhal Vs Union of India Case
d)Indra Sawhney Judgment
Inspired by: [op-ed snap] A constitutional renaissance
Q.2) According to the Puttaswamy vs. Union of India Case, select the correct statement from the following:
- Sexual Orientation is a matter under article 15(1) of the Constitution of India.
- It challenges constitutional validity of IPC section 377 only on this ground.
Select the correct codes from the following:
Inspired by: [op-ed snap] Beyond Section 377
Q.3) Consider the following statements about Rythu Bandhu Scheme of Telangana Government:
- Under Rythu Bandhu, the Telangana government gives every beneficiary farmer Rs 4,000 per acre as “investment support” for one crop in a year.
- It is the perfect example of benefits assured through DBT payment.
Which of the given statements is/are incorrect?
Inspired by: How Telangana supports farmers with Rs 4,000 for every acre they own
Q.4) Consider the following statements about Right of First Refusal (ROFR):
- Right of first refusal is a contractual right, but not obligation, to enter into a business transaction with a person or company before anyone else can.
- If the entity with the right of first refusal declines to enter into a transaction, the owner of the asset who offered the right is free to open the bidding up to other interested parties.
Which of the given statement is/are correct?
c)Both 1 and 2
d)None of the above
Inspired by: Indian shipping companies headed for troubled waters
Q.5) According to the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)-
- A Child is defined as a person in the 0 to 18 years age group.
- It was set up in March 2007 under the Commissions for Protection of Child Rights (CPCR) Act, 2005.
Which of the given statements is/are correct?
c)None of the above
d)All are correct
Inspired by: NCPCR moots model for school fees
For Solutions : Click Here
Prelims Daily Archive – Click here


What a Paralegal Can Do During a Deposition
- Prepare Witnesses
- Research Issues
- Find Related Cases
- Prepare Documents
- Dispute Testimony
A paralegal can assist a lawyer in a number of different ways, but there are only a few ways paralegals assist with depositions. A deposition is a legal term that refers to the process of taking evidence from an individual. It usually occurs before a trial because it gives the lawyer time to gather that evidence and present it in court. Some cases may allow for lawyers to take depositions up through the early days of the trial. Paralegals and students who want to work as paralegals can get an idea of how they can help during this process.
Related resource: 50 Most Affordable Online Paralegal Degree Programs
1. Prepare Witnesses
One of the main jobs paralegals can assist with involves the preparation of witnesses. Many of the people called in a deposition have little to no courtroom experience. The paralegal is responsible for explaining why the lawyer called that person forward and what the individual will need to do. They can explain why the deposition occurs in the office or outside of the court and why the person may need to appear in court later. Paralegals can help witnesses stay calm leading up to the deposition too.
2. Research Issues
Depositions typically occur in civil cases. A paralegal will look at the case and work with the lawyer to determine the issues at hand. He or she will then research those issues and find information that the lawyer can bring into the deposition. Paralegals may also help find evidence that disputes some of the information shared by the witness such as prior involvement in a similar case.
3. Find Related Cases
The research stage prior to the deposition can last for weeks up to several months or longer. One of the duties of a paralegal involves finding related and similar cases. Those cases can apply during the deposition and once the case goes to court. Paralegals can use the resources available in the law firm and resources available at local law libraries. They will make copies and write short descriptions to show lawyers what they found.
4. Prepare Documents
Paralegals often do a lot of research and prep work prior to a case. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, they receive good compensation for their work and a median salary of more than $50,000 a year. One of the prep duties they have in regards to depositions is the preparation of legal documents. They will create a list of questions that the lawyer can ask and create documents that show the evidence already collected. Paralegals may create exhibits that lawyers will use to show where the witnesses were during the event. Those exhibits can feature other types of evidence.
5. Dispute Testimony
In some legal cases, paralegals are responsible for helping a lawyer dispute the testimony given by a witness. A witness might claim that he or she saw someone committing a crime on a specific date when the legal team has proof that the witness was in a different city at the time. They will pass the evidence and research they gathered to the lawyer and let the professional bring up that evidence during the deposition.
The deposition allows both the defense and the prosecution to interview witnesses and gather evidence that they’ll use in court at a later date. It is one of the most important stages in the legal process and can occur in both civil and criminal trials. Some of the ways paralegals assist with depositions include preparing documents and getting witnesses ready.


The dread that the new coronavirus evokes is an example of the negative effects of fear.
Medical experts across the board say fear is an unnecessary complication in a situation that can be handled by simple hygiene measures and steps to boost immunity.
The spread of the COVID-19 virus across the world is vastly outstripped by the spread of the fear associated with it. While fear can have a positive effect in many a situation as it sets the adrenaline flowing and allows the brain to take emergency action, it can also have a negative, debilitating effect and create unnecessary complications. The dread that the new coronavirus evokes is an example of the negative effects of fear.
“Fear is one of the biggest diseases in the world. When we are scared, our immune system freezes and we fall prey to diseases. Our natural immune system has protected the human species over centuries and it continues to do so. We need to trust it and be fearless,” says Dr Manoj Kuriakose, a homeopathy practitioner, adding that fear weakens the immune system and can cause cardiovascular damage and gastrointestinal problems.
Dr Ramana Prasad, Consultant Pulmonologist, KIMS Hospitals, agrees. The immune system is the body’s defence against bacterial and viral infections, he explains, and says positive thinking boosts immunity.
“A multivitamin and antioxidant can be regularly taken to cover any deficiencies after checking with your doctor”, says Dr Syamala Aiyanger, senior consultant, physician and diabetologist, Apollo Hospitals.
Dr Kurikose says a large number of Indians have latent tuberculosis, which means that though they have the disease, it doesn’t affect them. “This is because of our fantastic immune system,” he says, adding, “The question is, why such a solid immune system is unable to prevent simple diseases like colds, coughs, stomach infections and other contagious diseases?” He explains how this happens: “The moment our body experiences fear, the immune system is compromised. What happens when we see a wild dog charge at us? Our body freezes first, and then it reacts. The same is the case with our immunity. It freezes when we are scared, allowing diseases to attack us.”
He points out that children are brought up with a series of fear-instilling instructions such as ‘Don’t eat ice-creams, you will get throat pain’; ‘Don’t eat chocolates, you will get a cough’; ‘Don’t get wet in the rain, you will get a fever’; etc. Most people from well-to-do homes do not drink tap water because they have been conditioned to think tap water is unhealthy and will make them fall ill. But people from lower walks of life drink tap water and do not fall ill. This is because they have not been taught to believe it cause diseases, and they are not scared, says Dr Kurikose.
When humans face threats, the body goes into stress mode, and then decides whether it will be ‘fight or flight’. This state of stress can weaken immunity. Don’t let your body go through unnecessary stress and fear, says Dr Venkat Raman Kola, Senior Intensivist and Critical Care Specialist, Yashoda Hospitals. “Be confident about your immune system which has protected you through these years of human existence against many viruses like this.”
As far as the coronavirus is concerned, the symptoms are very similar to flu. If you cough or sneeze or have fever, don’t jump to the conclusion that you have contracted the COVID-19. It is very likely that you are just suffering from the common cold or influenza. That doesn’t mean, of course, that you should be careless about hygiene or that you should take unnecessary risks. The global death toll is 3,200 and counting. Remain cautious but confident.


UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Population Science
Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation and Health Research
Physiotherapy is a health-care discipline which is involved in the care of individuals at all stages of the lifespan, both in health and in times of illness or injury with the aim of optimising movement, functional ability and health. The discipline takes a holistic approach which encompasses physical, psychological, emotional and social wellbeing in a range of diverse practice settings. These include: adult and paediatric hospitals; primary and community care teams; rehabilitation centres; nursing and residential homes; hospices; occupational health settings; schools; health promotion programmes; sport clubs, centres and teams; and private practice.
The World Congress of Physical Therapy, the international representative body for Physiotherapy / Physical Therapy identifies four core areas for practice:
Treatment / Intervention
These are reflected in the research activities of the Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation and Health hub of the School where we have an interdisciplinary team of researchers spanning Physiotherapy, Psychology, Bio-Engineering and Exercise Science. Enhancing function, performance, wellbeing and health are at the core of the research activities be it in the hospital, clinic, community care, workplace or sports field.


Two research groups have presented findings demonstrating that people with type 2 diabetes or obesity have changes in their intestinal micro-organisms. The research of one group was presented at the International Society of Endocrinology and the Endocrine Society, ICE/ENDO 2014 in Chicago and confirms previous studies. The human gut harbors an estimated 10 trillion to 100 trillion bacteria and other microscopic organisms, with each person housing at least 160 different species of organisms. Some researchers hypothesize that this community of microbes in the human gut contributes to the onset of low-grade inflammation, which in turn may affect body weight and glucose (sugar) metabolism.
“The gut microbiota may be used as an important marker to determine the risk of these metabolic diseases, obesity and diabetes, or it may become a therapeutic target to treat them,” Yalcin Basaran, MD, an endocrinologist from Gulhane Military Medical Academy School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey said.
Basaran specifically investigated the relationship between gut microbe composition and obesity and type 2 diabetes. Their study included 27 severely obese adults, 26 type 2 diabetes patients and 28 healthy control subjects.
Fecal analysis of the research participants confirmed that several of the most common types of bacteria in the gut were present at considerably lower levels in the obese and diabetic groups, compared with healthy controls. These reductions ranged from 4.2 to 12.5 percent in the obese patients and 10 to 11.5 percent in the diabetic patients, Basaran reported.
There was also a differentiation of gut species based on metabolic variables. BMI, a measure of weight and height, and hemoglobin A1c, a measure of blood sugar control over the past three months, influenced levels of the most common gut bacterial species, Firmicutes. Waist circumference, a measure of abdominal fat, and hemoglobin A1c affected levels of another bacterial species: Bifidobacteria, a type of Actinobacteria. Finally, both weight and fasting blood glucose level influenced levels of a third species, Clostridium leptum.
“Further studies should be carried out to elucidate if the gut microbial changes are a cause or effect of metabolic diseases,” Basaran said. “Manipulation of intestinal bacteria could offer a new approach to manage obesity and Type 2 diabetes.”
Another study published in the Nature journal by researchers at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden and Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, reveals that patients with type 2 diabetes have an altered gut microbiota. Their findings have led to a new model to identify patients at increased risk of developing diabetes.
Three Swedish, Gothenburg-based research groups compared the metagenome of 145 women with diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and healthy controls, and showed that women with type 2 diabetes have an altered gut microbiota. Healthy women have higher numbers of gut bacteria known to be producers of butyrate, a fatty acid that has previously been linked to beneficial health effect.
“By examining the patient’s gut microbiota, we could predict which patients are at risk of developing diabetes. The big challenge is to find out whether the composition of the gut microbiota promotes the onset of age-related diabetes. If this is the case, this would indicate new opportunities to prevent the disease,” said Professor Fredrik Bäckhed.
The study led to a new novel technique of predicting type 2 diabetes.
Endocrine Society. “Gut microbe levels are linked to type 2 diabetes and obesity.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 June 2014.
Fredrik H. Karlsson, Valentina Tremaroli, Intawat Nookaew, Göran Bergström, Carl Johan Behre, Björn Fagerberg, Jens Nielsen, Fredrik Bäckhed. Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control. Nature, 2013; DOI: 10.1038/nature12198


The travels of social dances
History of words
The men and women who came before us always loved to dance. As it is not our intention to produce a historic masterpiece, we shall not go back to the dawn of time, but only a few centuries, for example to the time of our dancing King: Louis XIV. The Académie de danse was created in 1661. So what did they dance back then? Minuets, pavans, “low dances", which were performed at Versailles slowly and affectedly wearing heavy and bulky costumes, while popular dances, including the rigaudon, were much lighter and already more “sport-like” to some extent. Many other dances followed before we had the waltz, which we shall discuss later, followed by the polka, quadrilles, tango, rumba, rock 'n' roll, and salsa...
This strand of dance had various names: Danses de salon, *Ballroom dances, couple dances, and some people mixed, as they do today, these dances with sport or competition dances, which are only an epiphenomenon, an old form of marathons. Today, our ballroom dances are more often called social dances for various reasons.
The term "Dances de salon" is no longer really appropriate: this terminology is too reminiscent of ballrooms and high-society dancers of the end of the 19th century. These dances were neither really couple dances, since they were also practised in groups, as were some traditional dances; or in groups of couples, like with quadrilles; and also in groups of individuals, like during the Madison dance. This is why the use of the term "social dances" makes perfect sense, for three specific reasons:
First, these dances were only practised at social gatherings: dancers were surrounded by an audience who would perhaps replace them for the next dance. We see the same phenomenon in public squares, as with balls held on the 14th July, or in private dance hall: everyone dances with everyone else, or almost, and the goal is to relax and enjoy a simple, physical, if not carnal, musical time: people coming together and socializing without the need to speak.
Secondly, all these dancing practices have the same purpose in common: TO SOCIALIZE, i.e. to create links between humans, whatever origin, nationality, social or cultural status they may be or have. In addition to sharing the same place, time and space, there are also certain expectations: a common conviviality, mutual friendship and respect, even when it is faked for the occasion. In a nutshell: the idea was create an ideal society. It was also the occasion to present yourself to others, and where you could get very close to your future partner for life, perhaps.
Finally, all these dances have a direct link with the historical setting of a society, to such an extent that they could be considered SOCIAL PHENOMENA. In a relationship that worked both ways, these dances have themselves influenced the forms, styles and practices of the society from which they stemmed. Thus, the waltz was a revolution in comparison with contradanses or social dances: each couple performed the same figure as the neighboring couple, making the dance more “controllable", unlike the waltz where the couple disappears from view in the crowd of dancers.
The debutantes ball
Like every year, in Vienna, the debutantes ball gives young people of the high society the opportunity to make their official entrance into the world. We follow Catherina and Barbara preparing for this sumptuous evening. The organizer of the event explains how the male dancers and their partners are chosen. The dance teacher, during rehearsals of the waltz and the bow and the curtsy, explains the importance of learning etiquette in such a society.
Similarly, tango was a revolution to such an extent that the Pope himself asked to see a couple dancing it before he could authorize it, or at least not to have it banned. Rock 'n’ roll, to cite one last example, was a very important way for young people to rebel against the popular culture of their time, and was truly innovative as well.
Etoile Palace, demonstration of Lindy hop, Frankie Manning
On the set of "Etoile Palace", Frédéric Mitterrand welcomes the choreographer Frankie Manning, in the presence of the Dancer Cyd Charisse. After having performed a demonstration of lindy hop along with his partner, the dancer talks about the time he was at the Savoy in New York where he danced accompanied by leading jazz orchestras, Duke Ellington, Count Basie. He evokes the cheerful atmosphere and "the world of happy feet" despite the economic crisis at the time.
The great migration
Now that we are clear on the terminology, let us see how these dances, at least some of them, were able to move, evolve, and fuse with others, hence change, during the migration of the peoples that transported them. And for that, let's go back to our King Louis XIV. The new dance masters that he instituted brought back *country dances * (country as in countryside) from England, known as “contradances”, which sounded better to the ears of the Sun King. They were figure dances where all the couples performed the same forms to the same music at the same time. That is how, by developing in France, these dances took off in affluent circles and migrated to French colonies, for example to Saint-Domingue. It was a very productive first major journey.
In France, in the middle of the 19th century, these contradances developed under the name of quadrilles. As its name suggests, quadrille can be danced with four people, two couples facing each other. But it is most often danced with four couples, with one couple placed each side of a square. In a large room, there may be a good number of quadrilles being performed at the same time. Even though French quadrille is almost always danced with “figures” and steps made in the same order, this is not so of all quadrilles. Note that, often, there was an "aboyeur" or caller who announced or reminded the dancers of the next figures and steps to be performed. And of course, the dancers regularly changed dancing partners.
Let’s try and remember all that for later: a social dance and a couple dance, both interactive, based on figures and pre-determined steps, conducted live and to music by an aboyeur (*caller * for American *square dances *), where partners were changed on a continuous basis.
In terms of dance steps
To make some headway in this short presentation of social dances, let us go back to the simple principles that will allow us to perhaps track the course of these dances over time: the form of the steps and rhythm of the music used, even though it is not easy to describe dance steps and music with precision using the written word.
With respect to the steps, let’s say that the simplest form is when the foot is placed on the floor for every musical beat, i.e. with two steps (one-two) in 2/4 time: it is also the marching pattern used by all the world’s armies. There is still no rhythm in the sense of a "time variation", but this is the simplest type of beat, which even existed among the Greeks and was known as Pyrrhic; and the dance was called, even then in the 16th century: “branle simple”. In addition, you can easily find three steps (one-two-three) in 3/4 time which is the basic principle of the European Waltz: an odd number of steps allowing you to go from one series starting with the right foot to a series starting with the left foot, thereby allowing you to turn easily, as if you were rocking between the right foot placed in front and the left foot placed behind.
Then we come to, very simply, three steps (one-two-three) in 4/4 time, and we will stop there, because we won’t actually need any more to describe the majority of social dances. In this instance, the rhythm of the succession of steps is represented by two short steps followed by one long step (the Greekanapest); or the other way around: one long step followed by two steps of shorter duration (the Greek dactyl). That's what folk dancers still call the “branle double”
Having explained these details, let's look at a few dances: the polka is always danced to the *anapest * rhythm: we say "quick-quick-slow, quick-quick-slow" in dance classes. The advantage of this rhythm is that it combines two different durations (quick and slow), not to get too complicated, and alternates the right and left foot, allowing the dancer to turn. It can be performed to slow or to fast music. So, it is no surprise that many French people dance the slow, e.g, either with a “military” step in a slow time (one to the right and another to the left), or they use the anapest, the polka step, which is suited to the tempo of the music.
History of the bals musette (dances with accordion music)
On 14th July, the accordion becomes the king of the party. Celebration of a popular instrument that transcended the ages and crossed borders despite its detractors. Alternating musical archives and interviews with accordion lovers and virtuosos, this document traces the career of this portable piano with straps, from the creation of the accordion to its boom in dance halls located on the rue de Lappe, like the Balajo, or in guinguette taverns on the banks of the Marne.
It is not surprising either that this step is also used for the Cuban *bolero *, the Cuban *danzon * and the Mexican danzon, but also for dances we Europeans call rumba, mambo and lambada. The same can be said for salsa, the latest dance to be in vogue.
It only remains for me to say that this succession of three steps, repeated twice can be done in several ways: the best-known is the chassé (whether it be used in choreography, rhythmic dance or martial arts). But these three steps may also take the form of a square (the famous Magic Box of Arthur Murray in the 1950s in the USA), or a trapeze made from the simple deformation of the square, or what is today called the "Latin basis", used in salsa for example.
In terms of dance rhythm
There is still one last very important notion for us to understand with respect to dances with 3 steps in 2/4 time: the rhythm with which the steps are placed on the ground. These three "transfers of bodyweight", as dance professionals say may use the simplest rhythm in the world: the Greek anapest see above (quick-quick-slow). As if by chance, it's what Cubans call "to dance a tiempo", or "*to the tune ''; they also call it "*El baile 1, 2, 3 *”, “bailar en 1” And a part of Cuba dances to this beat. But you can also dance to the reverse rhythm, to the Greek dactyl (slow-quick-quick). Finally, it is possible to dance to a "syncopation": Cubans say: "*dance to the rhythm *", "dancing to 2, 3, 4", or "bailar en 2”, and they call it a dance *a contratiempo *. For us Europeans, it is also a way to dance “off the beat”.
In French, if you arrive late to an appointment, you may say that you had a “contretemps”; you weren't there when you were expected, and you arrive at a time when they weren’t expecting you. It is the same in music: there is an accent on an offbeat, which almost goes unnoticed. And so that you easily understand what follows and to finish off with the technical details, let’s say very simply that "syncopation", another musical concept often used in explanations given by historians, is an extended moment where part of a piece of music is off the beat. So, now when you read that tango is often "syncopated", you will understand what the term means a little better.
After having danced the quadrilles in the 19th century, which then traveled, which got mixed with other styles and which give rise to an unbroken chain of other variants, we arrive at the present today with “rueda de casino"(Salsa), which is in vogue all over the world. We see that it has the same principles as quadrilles: a social dance which is practiced in a group of couples in a cycle, based on three steps in2/4 time, like the polka in 1843, using the chassé, the square step and the Latin basis; which was a tiempo when danced to 1, 2, 3 and a contratiempo when danced to 2, 3, 4.
But above all, this way of dancing adopts all the same formal features as the quadrilles: once you have started practicing the “basic step”, you just need to know the figures that will be announced by the caller. Everyone also dances with everyone else, making the dance different every time, the speed will be faster, and the joy of dancing will reach its climax.
Historians have closely tracked the geographical course of these dances, but it is only dancers and musicians who can identify the right choreographic and rhythmic features that intrinsically, fundamentally and structurally connect these dances, which could easily, and wrongly be considered separate, or be connected with the wrong dances by mistake.
From simple forms and basic rhythms, they have all become intermingled to give us different styles throughout the ages in every country and in every society, thanks to diverse and new accents, thereby multiplying the sources of enjoyment and exchanges between peoples.
It would not be possible to finish this little travelogue about social dances without briefly mentioning a process that appeared at the beginning of the 20th century and which greatly made it easier for couple dances to cross borders and oceans.
Created in 1909 by a Frenchman, Camille Rhynal, dancing competitions quickly spread worldwide, not only the dancing practices themselves, but also a technique that has become widespread in schools across the globe. A technique which today allows a Japanese or a Frenchman to easily dance the Cuban cha-cha-cha with a Englishman, or an Australian, or a Brazilian...
Dancing madly, passionately
Report devoted to dancesport in France, which compares two portraits of fans of this discipline and includes factual images of various competitions.
Some sacrifice everything for this discipline which needs to praticised like figure skating: with tenacity and rigor. In the whole of France, one hundred and thirty clubs are authorized to send candidates to the different competitions. People of all ages are eager to enroll at the clubs concerned.


According to experts, Deep Blue is a giant female shark and is easily recognisable by a series of scars on her back.
SHARKS have intrigued the public and scientists for decades, but a huge 23-foot-long great white might top the bill as the largest of its kind – and it’s still lurking in the depths of the oceans.
Made famous following Steven Spielberg’s ‘Jaws’ thriller, the great white is a species renowned for its daunting size, with some growing up to 20 feet in length – but most are much smaller, with females averaging around 15 to 16 feet and males between 11 and 13 feet. In the Hollywood thriller, Police Chief Martin Brody remarks “you’re going to need a bigger boat” after catching a glimpse of the giant monster in the deep. But, a shark that still inhabits the world’s oceans today named ‘Deep Blue’ would dwarf most fishing boats.
The specimen was first spotted six years ago, near Guadalupe Island, off the Mexican peninsula of Baja and is reportedly close to 23 feet long.
According to experts, Deep Blue is a female and is easily recognisable by a series of scars on her back.
In 2014, experts tagged the beast to carry-out further research on her movements, estimating that the enormous predator is up to 50 years old and weighs more than two-and-a-half tonnes.
Deep Blue was spotted again in 2019 – this time in Hawaii – and divers including Juan Oliphant and marine biologist Ocean Ramsey jumped in the water to capture some amazing snaps.
Posting on Instagram shortly after the swim, Mr Oliphant wrote: “Face to face with the world’s largest great white ever recorded ‘Deep Blue’.
“I’m still in shock that we spent almost the whole day with this amazing animal in my backyard.
“I hope my conservation images like this help people to question their perceptions and realise the beauty, and importance of sharks.
“I hope they inspire the kind of compassion and connection we need to have with nature and sharks, to help protect them and coexist alongside them.”
Another diver who swam with Deep Blue, Kimberly Jeffries, added: “If you asked me a few days ago what the most amazing thing I’ve ever seen in Hawaiian waters the answer probably would be pretty different.
“If you asked me yesterday the answer would be free-diving with Deep Blue, a great white, the largest ever documented, who was last seen in 2013 in Mexico.
“If you asked me right now, it would be free-diving with, interacting with and photographing not one but multiple, different great whites and Deep Blue.”
Deep Blue got her name from Discovery Channel diver Mauricio Hoyos Padilla, who swam with the creature as part of a Shark Week documentary in 2014.
Great whites have a life expectancy of around 70 years and are one of the biggest predators of the ocean.
But the largest shark specimen that has ever lived was the Megalodon.
The extinct prehistoric predator grew up to 60 feet and swam the world’s ocean approximately 23 to 3.6 million years ago.
The Megalodon was one of the most powerful predators to have ever inhabited the Earth and belonged to a family that diverged from the great white – the Otodontidae.
The article is originally published at Express.


Year 4 are learning all about the Romans in history. We’ve looked at how they fit into time in chronological order and the impressiveness of their army and soldiers. We have also learned about some famous people around during the Roman era.
Take a look at some of our Home Projects below.
This term we are looking at how we can stay safe online using Purple Mash.
Art and Design
As we took part in the Christ Church Bake Off we did some of our own research, designing and creating of our own cakes. This was lots of fun and we even got to taste them afterwards!
God, David and the Psalms
In Religious education this term we have been learning about all the different stories of David from the Bible. We discussed their meanings, created some poems and did some role play to understand the stories better.
Take a look!


Light-oil air injection is a well-developed technology that has broad applications in deeper, hotter reservoirs that are good gas-injection candidates. Modern air injection technology has been developing for over 30 years and has a record of decades of safe operation. The technique is practiced where the reservoir temperature is at least 75°C and gravity override can be controlled either with low-permeability or gravity stability. As in any gas injection project, it is best to operate with high reservoir pressure so as to maximize solubility of flue gas in the oil.
This is one of the conditions needed to make air or rich-air injection a practical process for heavy oil recovery. The purpose of heavy-oil in-situ combustion is to reduce the oil’s viscosity by heating the oil. However, an oil’s viscosity can be reduced by a factor of ten when gas dissolves in the oil at high-reservoir pressure. This occurs ahead of the heated zone and stops gas override that can caused early oxygen breakthrough in old, shallow, in- situ combustion projects. Performance of deep, in-situ combustion projects can also be improved when water is coinjected with the air because steam generates during combustion the reservoir and expands the low viscosity region. Thus, high-pressure in-situ combustion could have wide application for recovery of deeper or offshore heavy oils.


Since the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), discourse about public education in the national media has risen to a deafening crescendo. Missing the forest for the trees, the leading story on the education beat often ignores the critical racial dynamics at work in public schools. As a result, media messages that trumpet rising test scores as evidence of progress, for example, turn a blind eye to racial inequities that children of color face in schools everyday.
A Handy Guide
The guide provides reporters, parents, organizers, educators, activists and writers with the tools needed to ferret out the story behind the story–the hidden dimension of race. Important information about various provisions of the No Child Left Behind Act is included in this newly revised resource on education policy.
Issue Briefs on race and NCLB in the areas of Reading Instruction, Accountability, Testing and Teacher Quality.
Race Revealed offers sample news articles and information on racial disparities in special education, segregation, and drop out and graduation rates.
Resources offers a brief glossary of terms and contact information for key experts and organizations.
Beyond the Headlines
Resource for Parents, Teachers & Students:
A free slide show that provides a glimpse into what Reporting on Race, Education, and No Child Left Behind: A Guide for Journalists has to offer. It walks the audience through the contents of the handbook, and provides in-depth racial analysis of two major provisions of the law: accountability and teacher quality.


The purpose of our project was to create a system that was both technically interesting and entertaining. Our result was to create a new perspective on the classic arcade game Pac-Man, in which players control a real Pac-Man in the form of a decorated remote-controlled vehicle. In our Pac-Man game the maze is also real, and is made from pegboard and PVC pipe. By using a projector to display the game software from above, and a webcam and image-processing to locate Pac-Man within the maze, we were able to craft a link between our software and the real maze.
The Pac-Man game was implemented on a Windows PC that was connected to the projector. The game includes all of the typical Pac-Man elements, including ghosts, power-ups, and an outline of the game maze. A small remote-controlled tank was modified to resemble Pac-Man, and allows the player to navigate the maze. The tank is tracked via a webcam mounted near the projector and a color-recognition image processing algorithm. By using an internal coordinate system that links the webcam's positioning of the player’s vehicle to the known coordinates of the enemies and power-ups, it was possible to craft a link between the physical and virtual worlds. In doing so, we hope to have created a game that is enjoyable, and also provides some technical insights.