RAMDO V&V was used in conjunction with SCIMITAR3D to predict mushroom diameter and bar length for a Taylor bar impact problem. Input variables for the simulation included: yield stress, strain hardening constant, and strain hardening exponent. The previous approach to validate this simulation performed a point-wise comparison, which ignored the variability of the input variables. RAMDO’s V&V included analyzing input variability and performing a model validation that helped engineers confidently compare simulation data with test data.
RAMDO V&V was used in conjunction with ANSYS topology optimization to analyze an offshore platform panel structure design. The previous approach used only three simulations and three experimental data points to validate the model, leaving engineers with an unknown level of accuracy and confidence in the model’s predictions. When RAMDO’s V&V was applied, engineers were able to produce a statistical comparison between simulation output and test data and provide a confidence-based error level.
Validation of simulation model
Statistical comparison between test data and simulation model
Best representative distribution that fits the test data
Model error quantification
Calibration of simulation model


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Typically used as an insulation lining for shed roofs and walls, Foam Cell Shed Liner provides excellent insulation properties as it reflects up to 95% of the sun’s radiant heat, thereby limiting the amount of heat transferred into the shed. Foam Cell Shed Liner also acts as an effective water and vapour proofing solution thereby maximising the benefits owners derive from incorporating it into the design and construction of their new shed.
- 1.35m wide x 22.25m long rolls 30m2 area (Also available in 33.44m long 45m2 area rolls.)
- 4mm thick, 11.5kg roll weight
- Suitable for use as a pliable building membrane and underlay in sheds and workshops.
- Reflects up to 95% radiant heat; Allows for cooler internal conditions in hot, humid climates and minimises the risk of condensation
- Anti glare coating on one side reduces the level of glare during product installation providing additional safety
- Reflective 150mm foil overlap maximises coverage, reduces waste and provides cost savings. Minimises the need to tape joints and allows for sealed edge protection which improves aesthetics in exposed applications
- May be used in roofs with a Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) of 0 – 40; and walls with a BAL of 0 – FZ in accordance with AS 3959-2009.
Total R – Values (m2K/W)
|Flat metal roof
For more information:


NHAI Launched Highway Nest (Mini) At Toll Plazas
NHAI has launched a very ambitious project of Highway Nest (Mini) for the convenience of esteemed highway users for their safe and comfortable journey by facilitating them with drinking water, tea/coffee, packaged food and eatables on upside and downside of the National Highways at all the toll plazas under operation by NHAI.
Highway Nest (Mini) is under construction/execution at all the 372 toll plazas on upside and downside of National Highways approximately at a distance of 200-250 m from the toll plaza, where toilets for ladies/gents and physically challenged persons are available on a paved platform of 10x20 m approximately along with a kiosk containing prepackaged eatables such as chips/biscuits etc. Apart from this, water ATM, tea and coffee vending machines will also be available.
Chairman NHAI is personally monitoring this project and while discussing the various issues with Regional Officers and Project Directors of NHAI during Video Conferencing on 18.01.2018, has directed all field officers to ensure that this facility of Highway Nest (Mini) be operational and made accessible to the highway users at 100 toll plazas by 31st Jan. 2018 and balance toll plazas should be covered by end of March, 2018.
Further, the Chairman, NHAI has expressed pleasure on the inauguration of first Highway Nest (Mini) at Narayanpura toll plaza on NH-76, Udaipur-Chittorgarh-Kota under Regional Office, Jaipur and Hyderabad-Vijaywada section of NH-65, Korlapahad toll plazas at km 118.250 (TP-2) under RO Hyderabad.


Please provide all details and/or copies of records including all dates in chronological order and full meaningful summary for each date relating to any and all work that has been undertaken on or adjacent to the building Structure or Structures placed on or against the building currently known as Copplestone Stores, Copplestone, Crediton Devon EX17 5NJ by or for Devon County Council at a previous date including but not limited to inspection, cleaning, repairing, replacement and/or decoration for the 3 years prior to this date and what current contracts exist for carrying out of any future work as required.
A visual inspection of the drainage system at the back of footway adjacent to Copplestone Stores is undertaken by the local Highway Officer at least once a month when travelling through the village. He has an Outlook Calendar reminder on the first Friday of each month to undertake the inspection if he hasn’t in previous month. We do not hold any records of these inspections.
The roads and footways adjacent to Copplestone Stores are subject to planned highway safety inspections by our Term Maintenance Contractor in accordance with the County Council’s policy which can be viewed online at:
With reference to the highway safety policy, we can confirm that the A377 is a Maintenance Category 3 road and subject to a monthly inspection
The short length of road along the south east frontage of the stores is a Maintenance Category 8 road and subject to an annual inspection
The footways along both frontages of the Stores are Category FW4 and subject to an annual inspection.
The record of the inspection record and any reactive repairs undertaken in the last 3 years can be viewed via the link below:
As reactive drainage jetting work was planned to be undertaken in Bewsley Hill during March, the local Highway Officer instructed the contractor to also jet the drainage system at back of footway adjacent to Copplestone Stores whilst in the village. Copies of the covering works order and hand written returns from the contractor are attached via the link below:
The A377 south bound one way road was resurfaced between 22/1/19 – 24/1/19 inclusive. The resurfacing was carried out from the railway bridge to the junction with Bewsley Hill.


Near Source Pollution Control – Low-Cost Water Quality Management
Near Source Pollution Control: With highlights from New Zealand project, Hydro Internatinoal stresses smaller local filtration control offering capital investment benefits to resolve pollution from stormwater runoff.
By Chris Williams
• New technology based on smaller local filtration control could provide significant capital investment benefits toward resolving problems of controlling pollution due to stormwater runoff.
The passing of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) by the European Parliament and Council of Ministers has meant that an integrated approach to catchment management would be adopted across Europe. The overriding requirement being that all rivers achieve "good" status by 2015. In addition, there's a common consensus this be achieved by a combined approach of:
- Quality objective-setting, and
- Source control through best available techniques.
Stormwater runoff is underestimated as a source of many undesirable pollutants. It isn't only the water utility companies with responsibility in meeting WFD requirements, but also that of highways authorities/agencies and every facility with a parking lot. Much of river and aquifer quality degradation can be attributed to diffuse pollution from urban (and rural) roads and highways as well as parking lots, where drainage infrastructure either directly connects to a receiving watercourse or discharges to an aquifer through percolation.
Removing pollutants at the earliest possible stage in the treatment process offers advantages for cost and water quality in the same way that near-source stormwater attenuation offers a best-value solution to flood water management. Combining storage, control and treatment also provides a "treatment-train" approach advocated by national sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) manuals.
Recent work in the USA has examined the volume and type of pollutants in stormwater and developing a small footprint, low maintenance filtration solution that can be targeted at identified contamination sources. The new technology could offer an important solution to meeting WFD requirements for controlling pollution as close as possible to its point of entry into the drainage system.
|Orakei Marina, New Zealand|
Orakei Marina development's upgrade at Okahu Bay near Auckland on New Zealand's Hauraki Gulf – with 172 new berths and over three acres of development, including a car park and gardens – required a novel stormwater management approach due to a shallow drainage system. Developer agent Hynds Environmental turned to Hydro International to meet strict environmental requirements with a system that removes >90% of particles with a mean particle distribution of 20 µm.
Achieving control of particulate matter and sediments in stormwater runoff has been identified as critical where the runoff source has a high potential pollutant load. "Hot spot" areas like highways, car parks, petrol stations and service stations, public works storage and waste recycling areas pose the greatest risk, alongside many industrial sites. Introducing settlement ponds to help control sediments (used here as a blanket term for all floating, suspended, fine and coarse matter included in the runoff) would be impractical in most of these locations. Even if space could be found, the cost of land and regular maintenance would be prohibitive in many cases.
Washing in pollution
Pollutants entering the stormwater system due to surface runoff are many and various. Monitoring undertaken in the USA has identified some of these pollutants as suspended and other solids, phosphates, ammonia and nitrates, phenols, aluminium, cadmium, copper, chromium, lead and zinc. Some of these are included in the list of priority substances that form Annex X of the WFD.
Collating results of several projects over two decades demonstrates that concentration can vary immensely, depending where samples are taken (see Table 1). The sources of contamination can be complex. Pollutants can be incorporated by several different mechanisms. They can be collected from the atmosphere by rain (i.e., wet processes) or as wind transported dust subsequently washed from the surface as runoff.
For example, one source of zinc is from vehicle tires, still widely used for road vehicles. Since these studies, lead has been largely removed from petrol and concentrations have dropped markedly over the years since the study. Metals, particularly heavy metals, are still generally of high interest because of their persistence and possible toxicity when accumulated in ecological systems.
|Hynds Environmental supplied three Hydro Up-Flo filter units to treat the stormwater runoff from the Orakei Marina's three acres of parking lots totaling 416,360 cubic feet (3.1 million gallons). They were delivered to the site in standard 4-ft diameter manholes to make them easy to install the devices into the drainage network.|
Work published in 2005 demonstrated the association of metal pollutants with particles in urban runoff, and looked at the distribution of metal concentration with particle size, as well as the presence of metals in dissolved and colloidal bound forms. Overall, this showed filtration of particles from the stormwater samples, even at relatively large sizes (20 μm) removed many important pollutants such as total phosphates, most heavy metals such as lead, copper and cadmium, also zinc – but was less effective in removing nitrates. Comments on the use of settlement ponds for this runoff indicated that small ponds could be expected to remove particles down to 20 μm while larger ponds could achieve 5 μm or a little better. The disadvantage of ponds is the large land area needed to achieve high level particulate removal.
New filtration solution
New technology developed under the U.S. Environment Protection Agency's Small Business Innovation Research Programme and further refined by Hydro International demonstrates a small footprint filtration device can provide highly effective filtration and treatment for specific classes of stormwater pollutants. Designed and patented by Dr. Bob Pitt of The University of Alabama, the device, known as the Up-Flo™ filter, has been extensively field tested and undergone full-scale lab trials in the USA. It also was successfully deployed recently to ensure runoff from a new marina near Auckland, New Zealand's pristine Hauraki Gulf, famous for hosting the America's Cup yacht race, didn't adversely affect area water quality.
|The Hydro Up-Flo filter system uses three treatment stages – settling, screening and filtration. The design ensures high flow rates with low head loss, easy filter media replacement and ability to tailor filter media types to meet specific pollutant profiles and ensure optimum water quality.|
The Up-Flo technology offers a low-cost solution to near-source sediment and pollution control as it combines course screening, sedimentation and high-rate filtration in a single device, offering an entire treatment train approach. The system takes incoming stormwater and directs it up through filter medium modules. The filter modules with pre-bagged media are sited around the outlet of the chamber. During a rain event, stormwater enters the filter chamber via an inlet pipe or surface inlet grate. Gross debris and sediment settle out in the sump. Buoyant or floating debris is removed by an angled screen before flows are directed up the filter module and on to the downstream sewer.
The design enables a choice of different filtration media to be used appropriate to local pollution conditions. It has high flow rates, low head loss and operates without power. The system of bagged filtration media ensures minimum maintenance and the sump can be cleaned of floatables and sediment with a standard gully cleaner, so whole life costs are very low.
Advantages are that the whole area of the filter and medium is used for more effective filtration than down-flow filtration and longer life of the media reduces costs. A high filtration rate per square meter also enables high flow rates and thus lower footprint than conventional pond or vegetative treatment systems, allowing development areas to be maximised without compromising the environment.
In addition, the drain-down water level washes pollutants out of the filter media into a sump, preventing blinding and improving filter life for reduced maintenance, as well as allowing the filter media to dry out between storm events and ensuring system effectiveness and longevity.
The field and lab trials show that particles are effectively removed, with at least 50% of removed particles in the 1-10 μm range removed, and 95% in the 30-250 μm segment. Add in the range of filtration media that can be incorporated to treat or adsorb specific pollutants – e.g., ammonia or hydrocarbons – and the value of the system is apparent.
Now low cost, high-rate filtration separation technology offers a solution that meets the combined approach requirements of the WFD, in a footprint little bigger than a conventional manhole and gully pot; and variable in size to fit the flow regime.
It can take the benefits of a source control approach with relatively low cost modification to the existing sewerage infrastructure, and make it more tailored to local problems, be they industrial (hydrocarbons, metals etc), people related (food, faecal etc), horticultural (ammonia, nitrates, phosphates etc) or automotive (zinc, lead, hydrocarbons etc).
By combining Up-Flo's better and more economical filtration of a wide range of particulate matter and associated pollutants with the vortex control of the Hydro-Brake® Flow Control unit, full use can also be made of storage capacity of existing infrastructure. This could save millions in new plant and improve river or aquifer quality to meet WFD requirements within a very short time.
Author's Note: Chris Williams is COO and managing director in Europe for Hydro International, a filtration systems and stormwater management specialist with headquarters in Portland, Maine, USA, and offices also in the UK and Ireland. Williams is based in Clevedon, Wales, UK. Contact: +44 (0) 1275 878371, firstname.lastname@example.org or www.hydro-international.biz


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Neon Gateway Phase I (2013) is a design project by the City of Las Vegas Arts Commission in collaboration with COLAB and Young Guns designers and artist Zak Ostrowski. The Neon Gateway Project is estimated for completion in 2017. The steel structure for the bridge is inspired by the curves and twists of the agave plant. The design feature under the bridge is illuminated with a field of high powered LED lights.
Commissioned Artist Team: Clemente Cicoria, Leon Cifala, Anthony Diaz, Drew Gregory, Vince Novak, Zak Ostrowski, Aaron Reddick, and Garrett Sullivan.


Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title:||DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO MISSILE IMPACT|
|Keywords:||CIVIL ENGINEERING;NUCLEAR POWER PLANT;DYNAMIC STRUCTURE;MISSILE IMPACT STRUCTURE|
|Abstract:||The area of missile impact has been drawing attention of engineers and scientists the world over, since World War I. Major fields for the study of impact response have been the accident analysis of automobiles and aircrafts; the design of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) structure, underground power house, bunkers, space vehicles, battle ships, armoured vehicles etc. The area being vast, the present work encompasses the impact of missiles such as tornado borne debris and especially aircrafts upon concrete and reinforced concrete structures; missile penetration into soil and the impact of missiles upon metallic targets only. The reinforced concrete safety class structure of NPP has to withstand the impact of tornado missiles, internally generated missiles from the failure of pressure retaining systems or rotating machinery, and site proximity missiles due to offsite explosions or transportation accidents and aircraft crashes. Damage caused by these missiles may follow a number of consecutive hypothetically abnormal events. The consequences of any such incident are going to be far reaching and hazardous for the generations to come due to the leakage of nuclear radiations. The economic considerations, due to the low probability of impact loads but coupled with hazardous and far reaching consequences compels the designers to reduce the safety margins in the design of the structures required to withstand them. This requires that the actual response of structures to extreme loads, be predicted with a higher degree of confidence than is typically the case with conventional structures. On the basis of target or missile deformabi 1ity, the impacts can be classified as either hard or soft. In hard impact, the deformation of both the target and the missile is negligible. On the other hand soft impact may be due to soft missile or the soft target, or both. The missiles to be considered in the design of a structure are decided by the probabilistic analysis carried out for all postulated missiles. The safety design of NPP against aircraft crash requires the evaluation of crash probability. If the probability is smaller than the allowable value then the aircraft crash is neglected as design basis item. Otherwise adequate measures are taken to bring the release of radio active material within the permissible limit. The local impact response of concrete and reinforced concrete targets is characterised by intense dynamic stresses that produce crushing, cratering, shear failure, and tensile fractures of the target. The admissible local damage required from the point of view of security may be to prevent scabbing or just perforation. The emperical relations used in the prediction of local damage of concrete and reinforced concrete targets are applicable only within the range of parameter for which they were developed. Also, most of the relations are dimensionally nonhomogeneous. The prediction of local damage is critically reviewed and the theories of penetration and perforation are presented. Non dimensional emperical relations are proposed for predicting the penetration depth, scabbing thickness, perforation thickness and perforation velocity for- reinforced concrete targets. The prediction is better than the presently available approaches. Rectangular hyperbolic plotting is proposed for checking the scatter in the data with respect to a particular relation. The procedure of obtaining forcing function is dealt in this work for soft as well as hard impact. Three aircrafts namely Boeing 707-320, FB-111 jet fighter and Phantom F4 are considered in the present work. The reaction time response obtained on the basis of rigid target concept is not only unrealistic but also unconservat ive for some cases. The impact of target yielding is dependent both upon the characteristics of the target as well as the missile. The conclusion is based on the solution of the aircraft impact upon outer containment of NPP. The concept of confidence level has been investigated in relation to iv inclined targets also and the confidence curves are obtained for the aircrafts. The parameters influencing the forcing function are identified. Both, linear mass density as well as the crushing strength significantly affect the reaction time response depending upon the characteristics of the aircraft and the striking velocity. Though the past three decades have witnessed the development of many sophisticated models for the description of reinforced concrete, but only a few of the models have been employed in engineering analysis and most of the authors employed much less refined models for evaluating the overall response of the reinforced concrete targets. The three dimensional concrete models used by them does not simulate the response of concrete adequately whose three dimensional surface is noncircular on deviatoric plane. A material model developed for reinforced concrete suitable for transient dynamic analysis is presented. The proposed model accounts for most of the observed sources of material nonlinearity in triaxial stress state. The proposed strain rate sensitive elasto visco-plastic material model for reinforced concrete to simulate its transient dynamic behaviour is capable of properly representing the mechanical behaviour of the material. The proposed failure and yield surface is a five parameter model which is non circular as well as non-affine on deviatoric plane. The curve meridians of the model are described by cubic and the non circular trace in the deviatoric plane is represented by an ellipse. Unlike William Warnke's five parameter model, hydrostatic axis is normal to the yield surface. It meets the required characteristics of symmetry, smoothness and convexity. The failure criteria encompasses several earlier criteria as special cases giving it a definite edge over the others. Smeared crack approach with fixed crack angle is adopted for tensile cracking. Initiation of cracks depends upon maximum principal strain. Closing and reopening of cracks is allowed in the model following the secant path. The shear transfer across crack due to aggregate interlock and dowel action is incorporated by taking a reduced value of the shear modulus. Degradation in material strength due to accumulated damage is also included. Tensile strength is the most sensitive model parameter because it not only affects the cracking load but also the entire load displacement curve and the failure load. The fracture energy controls the tensile strain softening. When the model parameters required are not known then the average values can be given to the parameter's. To obtain the lower bound of failure load, conservative values of cracking strain and fracture energy should be employed. Some benchmark tests are analysed to assess the validity and accuracy of the model and to study the influence of various model parameters employed in the formulation. The practical utility of the program is demonstrated by analysing some medium sized numerical examples of aircraft impact analysis on 3D reinforced concrete structures. From numerical experiments performed throughout this work it can be concluded that the computational model developed and implemented in computer program is able to analyse the nonlinear behaviour of three dimensional reinforced concrete structures. It has been demonstrated that the computational model presented can be applied to the range of engineering problems under consideration with a reasonable degree of success. • Impact response calculations of reinforced concrete structures can be carried out without a priori knowledge of load time functions which is evaluated simultaneously. The present investigation has shown that the influence of nonlinearity in reinforced concrete material in the immediate vicinity of the point of impact on the vibration response is considerable. Linear elastic analysis of induced vibrations partly yield unrealistic results. A problem of axisymmetrlc impact of a metallic target by a flat ended cylindrical missile involving severe distortions is analysed considering vi triangular elements. The total Lagrangian formulation is employed to simulate the large deformation and distortion response. In this analysis perfect contact is assumed during the impact. The program developed for the purpose has been successfully employed to predict the penetration. An algorithm for the three dimensional searching is developed for the coupled analysis of the impact problem. Closed form solution is obtained for the impact of a hollow truncated cone upon a rigid target considering concertina type mode of collapse. The outward folding in this mode of collapse is disregarded on the basis of conservation of energy. This mode of collapse is found to be applicable for the missiles having thin membrane. Whereas for thicker membrane missiles like aircrafts, there will be gradual crushing. The demarcation is based on the principle of conservation of energy. Cylindrical cavity expansion model is developed for the penetration of missiles into the geological targets. vii|
|Research Supervisor/ Guide:||Paul, D. K.|
Godbole, P. N.
Nayak, G. C.
|Appears in Collections:||DOCTORAL THESES (Civil Engg)|
Files in This Item:
|DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO MISSILE IMPACT.pdf||9.45 MB||Adobe PDF||View/Open|
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.


With the increasing number of vehicles plying on the roads as well as the vehicular traffic, the pedestrians are often exposed to unfortunate incidents. Though they don't want to they are banished in the mobility network. The pedestrians are habitually directed towards the narrow footpaths which sometimes are trespassed. They make the most use of the FOB- foot over bridges which are meant to be used by the pedestrians. They do it so that they can jump over the high volume of the traffic roads.
As, the number of flyovers are increasing with each passing day, the number of accidents, i.e. the frequency is increasing involving many of the pedestrians. With the impartiality to ensure the rights of the foot-travelers in terms of mobility, safety and expediency, sluggish and reckless vehicular traffic highway barriers, partitions and pedestrian's railings are available on the central edge together with Foot Over Bridges (FOB), sub-ways etc.
Many times the Foot over bridges and sub-ways are underused as they cause troublesomeness and insecurity to the people who make use of it. As a result, the pedestrians are seen thoughtlessly talkative while walking on the road and climbing over the barriers and railings so that they could cross the high intensity flyovers as well as high speed roads. They do not like road safety products placed on the roads such as flexible posts. It is placed for their safety but to save their time, they tend to neglect these barriers.
Road safety products such as metro barrier and other essential products are placed for your safety. They are your life guards not your enemy. Do not ever ignore them. It is also to be noticed that as such as it is necessary to provide safer and broader corridors for the pedestrians. In the roads, where there is high pedestrian traffic, it may be necessary to provide corridors to the pedestrians. It is important so that the motorized vehicle move up and down easily without obstructing the way of the people.
For the safety of both; the pedestrians as well as the motorists, there may be possible by raising the carriageway of the road measuring the meters of the road. Doing this will make the pedestrians move freely, and they can cross the road easily. If it is done like this, then not only the people but the places such as metro station too will feel better to commute the people in a convenient way.
It is not a matter of barrier but is a concern for your safe


Bulk Storage Silos
Bulk Storage Silos: In-Use Advantages
|view product images:
NBE bulk storage silos are in use throughout the U.S. and North America in applications where high-volume processing operations demand uninterrupted material supply to one, or multiple points of material need. NBE is a single-source provider of bulk storage silos. NBE design and applications engineers will work to design and install a complete bulk storage system; from filling to storage and discharge. NBE bulk storage silos enable processing operation to reduce material, labor, and inventory costs while increasing line uptime and throughput.
Bulk Storage Silos: Features & Integration Guide
Smooth Wall Silos:
NBE smooth wall silos are designed and built to ensure dependable inline supply of virtually any dry bulk material; including non free-flowing materials. Interior walls of NBE smooth wall silos are made of a galvanized finish to provide abrasion resistance beyond that of epoxy coatings. NBE smooth wall silos are also FDA-approved for most material applications and are sized to store material volumes from 5,000 to 170,000 pounds.
Corrugated Wall Silos:
Corrugated wall silos by NBE are low maintenance, highly weather-resistant, secure material storage systems specifically for high-volume industrial processing operations. NBE corrugated wall silos are well suited for free-flowing materials. NBE corrugated wall silos are sized to store material volumes from 5,000 to 255,000 pounds.


Sweeper Truck Services in the Puget Sound
When you need to clean large areas quickly, nothing beats the efficiency of sweeper trucks and vacuum trucks. Learn how we can help keep your streets, parking lots, and construction sites clean and compliant.
Since 1993, Davidson-Macri has worked with businesses and municipalities across the Northwest to keep their streets clean and their storm drains working as intended. Learn how we can help you.
Parking Lot and Construction Site Sweeping
We provide some of the largest businesses in the Northwest and many construction companies a simple way to clean up and stay compliant with local laws. Learn how we can help.


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AbstractThis exhibition showcases the work of Postgraduate Landscape Architecture and final year Undergraduate Civil and Environmental Engineering students in response to issues of sustainability in the Port of Bundaberg. The Port of Bundaberg project site, just north of Bargara, is a complex mix of port facilities, urban development, coastal conservation and agriculture. The project brief was to prepare a range of strategic planning and environmental management options for future urban and infrastructure development in the Port area. Postgraduate Landscape Architecture and final year Undergraduate Civil and Environmental Engineering students worked over one teaching semester with guidance from QUT academics and partner organisations to produce strategic planning, environmental management planning and design options for managing future growth in the area. Specifically, these make recommendations regarding: • Interface between Port lands and residential settlement; • Future residential/urban development; • Transport accessibility and mobility – road, rail, tramway and maritime for personal and freight movement; • Local and regional connectivity - both physical and perceptual- between urban settlements of Port of Bundaberg – Burnett Heads and the surrounding area; • Recreational and tourism development; • Public/private space mix and access; • Ecological conservation assets; • Natural and cultural heritage assets The project process involved three visits to the site by QUT students and staff. The first visit at the project’s commencement included a formal briefing session with project partners the Burnett Mary Regional Group, Port of Brisbane Corporation, and Queensland Department of Local Government and Planning. Formal and informal community engagement facilitated by the Burnett Heads Progress Association also allowed students to gain some understanding of local values. A second visit mid-project involved a ‘Futures Workshop’ with students and community. This enabled the students to gain the benefit of local knowledge and experience in response to their work-in-progress, and to establish priorities for project completion. It strengthened the relationship between the community and the students. A final exhibition, ‘Port of Bundaberg Futures' was held at the Port TAFE Campus upon the completion of the project. The student work exhibited offers a diverse number of alternative options for the future urban development, infrastructure and environmental planning that the partner organisations have used for ongoing consultation.


Traffic Signals: More than Meets the Eye
How exactly do traffic signals work? We see them every day. For drivers, they provide directions to either keep going, slow down, or come to a complete stop. Signals often appear to know when you are in a hurry, because they always seem to turn red as you approach them. No, they are not actually plotting against you, but traffic signals are in fact pretty sophisticated machines.
From fixed time to inductive loop
With advances in technology, traffic signals have come a long way. Signals used to follow a fixed time through a predetermined sequence of signal operations, whether or not cars were present. One obvious drawback to this “old school” technology was that drivers might sit at a red light, even though there were no other cars in sight.
Starting in the early 1960s, traffic agencies began introducing detection technologies, which control the traffic signal through inductive loops. Inductive loops work by detecting a change of inductance initiated from the metal in cars. Inductive loop technology consists of a coil of wire embedded in the road’s surface. You might notice these areas as big rectangle outlines on the ground that can be seen right before the stop bars.
According to the Federal Highway Administration, as of the mid-2000s, the inductive loop detector was still the most widely used sensor in a traffic management system. However, some problems associated with inductive loops include vulnerability to stress from traffic and temperature, traffic disruption, pavement degradation, and questionable accuracy, as well as the need for lane closure to install or maintain inductive loops. Agencies have therefore sought alternative vehicle detection technologies.
The move to smart, adaptive technology
The traffic signals of today have become smart and adaptive. You may have noticed video cameras on top of signal masts that point in the direction of the oncoming traffic. These cameras detect the presence of approaching cars and—through adaptive signal technology—adjust the signal timings based on the amount of traffic coming through the intersection. The lights then change “intelligently” depending on which roads have fewer or more vehicles.
Other advances include sensors mounted on emergency vehicles, known as traffic preemption devices. These devices activate lights as emergency vehicles approach an intersection to suspend the normal traffic cycle (i.e., initiate a preemption sequence). The traffic lights to all intersection approaches are switched to red except for the light-triggered for the emergency vehicle.
Sometimes, an additional signal light is placed nearby to indicate to the emergency vehicle that the preemption sequence has been activated and to warn other motorists that an emergency vehicle is approaching. Once the emergency vehicle passes through the intersection, the normal traffic light cycle resumes.
Geospatial technologies also offer new possibilities for traffic detection. For example, in a recent case study, the City of Savannah, Georgia, used GPS navigation devices to initiate preemption of the signals along a busy corridor, which significantly reduced arrival and response times for emergency vehicles.
As technologies and capabilities continue to expand, traffic agencies will have greater opportunities to serve and protect the traveling public through cutting-edge traffic signal systems.
So, the next time you are at a traffic light, know that there is a lot going on behind the scenes as the lights cycle from red to green. Someday soon, the visible signals may even go away altogether as autonomous cars “talk” to each other and roadway devices without you being aware!
Sadi Wadi, PE, is a transportation project engineer for EBA Engineering, Inc. He can be reached at 410.844.3825 or email@example.com.


THE WEST COAST’S WATERPROOFING AND LEAKAGE EXPERTS
With a track record of residential, industrial, commercial and institutional projects, we are the expert in the region when it comes to waterproofing and protecting your assets from leakage. We understand that the climate and environment of the West Coast with its humidity, salty air, fog, precipitation and variability bring a unique set of construction challenges. From the roof of the building to the walls & openings, fountains, ponds, , parkade and bridge decks, we have the proven line up of exclusive products, installation methodology and craftsmanship to keep out harmful moisture. We can assess the current deterioration and provide foresight of future damages to develop a schedule of solutions to extend the life and value of your assets.


bld architecture was selected by cape advisors, inc. and racanelli construction for this extraordinary exterior restoration, renovation and expansion of the bulova watchcase factory in sag harbor, ny. the original masonry and heavy timber framed structure (c.1881) was converted into luxury residential units for sale. seven new townhouse structures were built and share a common landscape courtyard and pool above a lower level parking structure.
the existing factory building is a designated historic landmark in the village of sag harbor (known as the bulova plant), and the site is located in the sag harbor historic district. the building was abandoned for many years and in a state of disrepair. the project involved a change of use, historic restoration, adaptive reuse and new construction. the factory building units have new mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems, new fire stairs, elevators, roofs, windows and entrances. adjacent to the factory building is the below-grade parking structure, a new recreation / fitness building and twenty-two residential units. cost control was especially important due to the wide range of unknown conditions of converting an old building and financing during a fragile economy.


Premier Brad Wall was in his hometown of Swift Current Monday as ground was broken on the 350 megawatt natural gas-fired power plant.
The Chinook Power Station will mean about 500 construction jobs while it is being built with work expected to be completed by late 2019.
“This is an exciting time for SaskPower, and we’re looking forward to seeing the progress as Chinook moves forward,” said SaskPower President and CEO Mike Marsh. “We want to reinforce our commitment to keeping customers, landowners and potential suppliers informed as construction moves forward.”
The design and construction of the combined-cycle plant will be managed by Burns & McDonnell Canada, an engineering, procurement and construction firm that was also involved in the 2015 expansion of the Queen Elizabeth Power Station in Saskatoon.
The estimated budget to build the Chinook Power Station will be approximately $680 million


- 22 Jun 2021
- 11:45 - 12:45
IHE Delft Alumni & Partners Online Seminars are designed as a means of providing lifelong learning to the Institute Alumni community and Partners. Since the topics will be of interest to a broader audience, they are open to all interested persons. The Online Seminars are like interactive lectures transmitted over the web, with a duration of one hour including time for discussion. The seminar is organized in collaboration with the WaterChannel, IHE Delft partner.
Alumna Ms. Kebirungi Shivan will share her MSc thesis topic with us. Few studies exist in the use of freely available remote sensing data with significant temporal coverage to monitor refugee impact on the natural environment. Multiple studies on analysing environmental impacts of refugee camps utilize sophisticated techniques that often require significant time input. Is there a quicker way to go about this? The use of indices with satellite imagery from 1984, has been explored in eight Ethiopian refugee camps from both wet and dry climatic contexts to monitor their impact on the natural environment (land cover, vegetation, and surface water areas). The research also assessed potential relationships between the identified impacts and the refugee numbers and surrounding community over time. The methodological pros and cons of using indices from open access remote sensing data to monitor refugee impact on the surrounding natural environment were also determined.
About the speaker
Ms. Shivan Kebirungi is from Uganda and recently graduated from the Water Science and Engineering programme with specialization in Hydraulic Engineering and River Basin Development at IHE Delft. She has a back ground in civil engineering and has been working as a civil engineer with Uganda’s Ministry of Water and Environment since 2016. Here, she is responsible for designing and supervising the construction of water for production infrastructure projects such as earth dams, valley tanks and irrigation schemes, while working together with various implementing partners.
How to attend?
The event is free of charge. It will take place on the Zoom meeting platform. Please register here to receive the link information to participate after your registration.
How to actively participate?
You can send your questions to the speaker using the question box in the online conference room! The questions will be selected by the moderator of the event.
For extra information please contact Ms. Maria Laura Sorrentino, Alumni Relations Officer at .


RECYCLING experts from Scott Bros are demonstrating the benefits of Teesside’s circular economy as they expand its composting operation – using recycled materials to reduce the amount of waste generated.
The family-run firm is using sharp sand it has previously reclaimed from excavation and construction waste as part of a project to extend the impermeable concrete pad used in the curing process.
Once the work is complete, it will increase the amount of green waste able to be converted into commercial compost – which has quadrupled over the last four years – which in turn could create extra jobs.
Last year the Stockton firm invested £1m in a state-of-the-art wash plant which reclaims various grades of high-quality sand and aggregates from building waste.
The cost-effective product is then sold for use in the construction industry, reducing the amount of environmental damage caused in the quarrying and production of primary materials.
One of its customers is Billingham-based Minimix which uses the sand in the ready-mixed concrete being used to extend the concrete pad by 30%.
Large amounts of green waste, collected from commercial customers including Middlesbrough, Stockton and Redcar & Cleveland councils, is brought to its site at Norton Bottoms, adjacent to the A19 flyover.
The waste is then shredded, reducing composition time to encourage the movement of microbes, before being placed into ‘wind rows’ on the impervious concrete pad as part of the windrow composting process – best suited to producing large volumes of compost.
Once it has undergone an eight-week sanitisation and stabilisation process, it is used as a soil improver and in land restoration.
Director David Scott Jr, who oversees the composting operation, said: “This is a perfect demonstration of the benefits of Teesside’s circular economy – using recycled materials to help us recycle even more material.
“We are creating commercially viable sand from construction waste that could otherwise end up in landfill. This in turn is being used to increase our capacity to create more compost from green waste, which otherwise may also end up in landfill.
“Scott Bros. is dedicated to reusing and extending the life of the earth’s resources whilst at the same time creating jobs and contributing to the region’s economy.”


Bridging the Big Dig
Photograph series of the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge from The Christian Science Monitor.
MSNBC: Boston's "Big Dig" opens to
Associated Press article on the opening ceremony. Includes video.
The Big Dig
Explores project history, quiz, comments from the people involved, and links to related sites.
The Big Dig, an Astrology, Prophecy and New Age An
Argues that the project relates to worldwide events in some mystical way. Includes some construction photos.
The Central Artery/Tunnel Project
Official project site, includes photos, maps, schedule, and engineering details.


The stadium will be located on a green field site consisting of a complex of buildings to be known as the ‘Na Skalce’ Sports Centre. The first stage of construction has been proposed in such a manner so as to ease into subsequent phases as straight-forwardly as possible.
The ice rink of the winter stadium will be open to the public from mid September to mid May. The facility will then be used for other sports activities during the summer months. The hall has primarily been designed and is intended for sports purposes; if used for other than mentended functions (ice rink operations), it would be necessary to adapt the premises' technical parameters accordingly. The office will also serve as a first aid room and be furnished with a bed, medical equipment and supplies for possible injuries.
As a matter of interest, the stadium has not been designed for extremely loud performances like for those of rock bands because of noise level limitations concerning the nearby Integrated Technical School. The winter stadium has been designed to house 600 spectators, with seating for 556 of that number.
HOCHTIEF VSB is a member of the international construction services group HOCHTIEF, and it ranks amongst the biggest construction companies in the Czech Republic. As a company, it fully meets and realises the intentions of its customers in all spheres of the construction industry. It supplies building materials relating to the areas of housing, civil, industrial, energy, ecological, water-utilisation, line and road constructions in all regions of the Czech Republic.
Completion of the Czech Airlines Catering buildings and the building of the CR Air Traffic Control at the National Integrated Air Traffic Control Centre (IATCC) in Jeneč near Prague feature among the most remarkable constructions carried out by HOCHTIEF VSB this year.


These photoluminescent rocks are made from a durable plastic material that can be set into paths or scattered with regular stones to guide your way at night.
Core Glow Pebbles is engineered with proprietary luminescent material and synthetic resins. When exposed to daylight or a light source the phosphorescent material becomes excited and will maintain an afterglow.
Core glow pebbles provides glow-in-the-dark edging and stone solutions for your landscaping or custom concrete or masonry needs. These unique products incorporate amazing technology to keep your gravel or concrete surface radiant for many hours for up to 10-12 hours.


Modern Urban Rail Network The Netkous Viaduct With Office Buildings In The Hague ...
Stockphoto ID: 2963477
File name: NL-DEH-007.jpg
Format: digital, 5000+ pixels longest side
Property release: no Model release: no
Source: photo agency Based in: Netherlands
Description: Modern urban rail network the Netkous viaduct with office buildings in The Hague , The Netherlands


WHEN ENERGY PRICES SOARED IN THE LATE 1970s, the NAHB was the first organization to step forward and introduce voluntary energy guidelines for new residential construction, and the energy efficiency of new housing about doubled in a matter of years.
With our recent introduction of voluntary Model Green Home Building Guidelines, we have propelled market-driven green building into the mainstream and are encouraging all of our members to get on board.
Why are we doing this? Because interest in green building is greater than ever, largely due to consumer demand for environmentally friendly, cost-effective homes.
The NAHB's voluntary Model Green Home Building Guidelines were designed to help mainstream builders incorporate environmental practices into every phase of the home building process, while simultaneously making housing affordability a priority.
The NAHB's guidelines are unique compared to other proposed residential green building guidelines and standards because they are designed to help all builders—not just niche builders—construct energy-efficient, environmentally sensitive new homes without adding any costly and mandatory regulations to the building process.
The guidelines are not a one-size-fits-all prescription. More than 60 stakeholders, who represent a broad cross section of the home building industry, collaborated with us to craft guidelines that are as flexible as they are effective. They were developed for new single-family homes but can be adapted for multifamily and custom development and remodeling projects as well. They are also adaptable to different climate conditions and building techniques.
The NAHB's Model Green Home Building Guidelines offer instructions based on several guiding principles. For instance, preparing and designing lots to reduce development's impact on vegetation, soil, and water can also enhance long-term performance. Using resources, energy, and water efficiently will help make the most of building materials and help homeowners save money on utility bills. Carefully managing moisture, ventilation, and off gases can help those with allergies and respiratory ailments live and breathe in a more comfortable indoor living environment. And with a little education from us, homeowners can use and maintain their home optimally.
Builders are the folks who will be putting these guidelines into practice, but we also see them as a tool to help local HBAs get formally involved in the green building movement.
Local green building programs are currently operating in more than 30 areas of the country (10 HBA and 20 municipal), all of which have developed their own ways to certify and promote green homes. Through our partnership with the Green Building Initiative, a nonprofit organization, the NAHB will help other interested local associations establish their own programs.
The NAHB's green building guidelines went from conception to consensus building to implementation in just under a year. Consumer demand is growing as quickly, and affordable technology is rapidly following.


- How old are smoking pipes?
- What are clay pipes called?
- When did they stop using clay pipes for plumbing?
- Do pipe smokers live longer?
- What were clay pipes used for?
- Are clay pipes still used?
- How often should sewer lines be replaced?
- Is it safe to smoke out of clay pipe?
- How old are clay pipes?
- Why were clay pipes so long?
- Are clay pipes good?
- What type of pipe is used for sewer lines?
- What is standard sewer pipe size?
- Is pipe smoking unhealthy?
- How long does clay pipe last?
- How do you clean a clay pipe?
- Does anyone still smoke a pipe?
- How much does it cost to replace clay sewer pipe?
- What wood is best for pipes?
How old are smoking pipes?
It has been used since the 17th century and, with clay pipes, represented the most common medium for pipes before the introduction of briar as the material of choice in the 19th century..
What are clay pipes called?
Vitrified clay pipe (VCP) is pipe made from a blend of clay and shale that has been subjected to high temperature to achieve vitrification, which results in a hard, inert ceramic.
When did they stop using clay pipes for plumbing?
1957This piece of clay pipe was made sometime between 1800 and 1801 and was in continuous use at Mission San Luis Rey (located in modern-day Oceanside, California) until it was removed in the summer of 1957, which makes its active life approximately 157 years. Click to see full answer.
Do pipe smokers live longer?
Cigar or pipe smoking reduces life expectancy to a lesser extent than cigarette smoking. Both the number of cigarettes smoked and duration of smoking are strongly associated with mortality risk and the number of life‐years lost.
What were clay pipes used for?
Source: Source: This clay pipe, made circa 1800, was used to convey water around the site of Mission San Luis Rey (located in modern-day Oceanside, California). The pipe stayed in active service delivering water until 1957. Source: Courtesy of the National Clay Pipe Institute.
Are clay pipes still used?
It’s still routinely used in public sewer systems today. Modern installations include encasing the clay pipes in concrete to protect against root intrusion and damage from ground shifting. You might be surprised to learn that some still-functioning clay pipe systems in America were installed over 100 years ago.
How often should sewer lines be replaced?
Your sewer line may not suffer much noticeable damage aside from a few clogs while you own your home. On the other hand, you might have to replace it far sooner than you might think. Clay pipes may last about 50-60 years (although there are no longer installed in new homes). Cast iron pipes can last 75-100 years.
Is it safe to smoke out of clay pipe?
YES, ceramic pipes are safe to smoke out of in nearly all cases! … about a ceramic pipe manufacture you may have concerns about. As for our ceramic pipes and water pipes we only use. non-toxic, lead free, and completely safe materials!
How old are clay pipes?
The earliest clay pipes known in England and Europe are generally thought to date from c. 1580-1600 and are thought to have been copied from styles smoked by the Native Indian tribes of the North/East American Continent.
Why were clay pipes so long?
The size of the pipe bowl was increased over the decades to keep up with fashion and to allow more tobacco to be consumed. Long pipes allowed a cooler smoke, but also broke more easily and so they were often thrown away on the spot after use.
Are clay pipes good?
History has shown that clay pipes can be a very effective material for pipes. So if your sewer line is older but still working well, you don’t necessarily have to rip it out just yet.
What type of pipe is used for sewer lines?
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipes are the most common type of sewer line pipes today. Plastic pipework is lightweight, easy to use, and resilient. When installed properly, PVC pipe is long-lasting and impervious to root penetration.
What is standard sewer pipe size?
4 inchesModern sewer pipe is made of PVC and is joined either with gasketed fittings or with solvent glue. Standard pipe size for residential lines is 4 inches. The local code specifies the required pipe material and size.
Is pipe smoking unhealthy?
People who inhale also increase their risk for cancers of the lung, pancreas, and bladder. Lung disease. Cigar and pipe smoking double the risk for the airway damage that leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a lung disease that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
How long does clay pipe last?
50-60 yearsIt is the shortest-lived sewer line material, with a life expectancy of 30-50 years. Clay pipes typically last between 50-60 years, while PVC pipes are expected to last 100 years before requiring replacement.
How do you clean a clay pipe?
We recommend a few methods to clean our ceramic pipes: Over a sink, put a pinch of salt and some rubbing alcohol into the pipe. Plug the pipe holes with fingers and shake, so that the interior resin is dislodged. Repeat and rinse well with warm water. Air dry.
Does anyone still smoke a pipe?
The Pipe Tobacco Council, an industry group, estimates 52 million pounds of pipe tobacco were sold in the United States in 1970. Last year, the figure was 7.1 million pounds, a decline of 86 percent. Some 3 million Americans still smoke pipes, but you’d never know it by looking at the media.
How much does it cost to replace clay sewer pipe?
Sewer Line Replacement Cost If you want to get your sewer line replaced, expect to pay between $50 and $250 per foot. Most homeowners pay $50-$125 per foot. The actual amount that you will spend will depend on the length of the line, and how it is placed on your property, and the type of plumbing you use.
What wood is best for pipes?
Brog the majority of our pipes are crafted from Pear and Briar wood, since we believe that they are the best wood for pipes. There are also some other great woods like oak, Cherrywood and Mahogany but Pear and Briar are our favorites.


polyethylene pipe repair in nigeria Despriction
ABOVE-GROUND HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE
Engineering Technical Note #12 ABOVE GROUND HDPE PIPE January 2009 Page 2 of 11 high as 150 oF. However, temperature does affect the engineering properties of polyethylene pipe. Pressure capability of polyethylene pipe is predicated on the long-term hydrostatic strength (LTHS) of the polymer used in its manufacture.
APTec Allied Pipeline Technologies, Inc.
Sure-Liner System. The Sure-Liner Internal pipe-lining process involves the insertion of a tight-fit HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) plastic liner pipe inside of a steel pipe, thereby taking advantage of the mechanical strength of the steel pipe combined with the corrosion and abrasion resistance of the plastic liner.Sure-Liner HDPE liner pipe is manufactured to ASTM and ISO industry Don't glue Polyethylene, BOND Polyethylene tbbonding When fused together, HDPE pipe has a zero leak rate. With these considerations in mind, any repair of HDPE pipe holes or cracks, would need to be 1) flexible 2) gas and water impervious and 3) provide a full zero leak seal. The TPRS system fulfills all three of these HDPE pipe repair requirements. The Tech-Patch, a FVMQ poly patch, will flex HDPE Pipe - Central Plastics**PIPE WEIGHT SHOWN PER FOOT** Nominal Pipe Size (inch) OD (inch) GF Part No. weight (lb) 10 10.750 360 031 267 8.830 16 16.000 360 031 315 19.570 24 24.000 360 031 347 44.030 HDPE PIPE:Industry IPS, DR19 Gray Pipe, No Stripe, 50' Long Green stripe optional. Other lengths available. Call for availability of other sizes and dimensions.
High-Density Polyethylene Pipe Systems
Polyethylene pipe is available in a wide range of diameters and wall thickness, with flanges, elbows, tees, wyes, and valves, providing a total system solution. HDPE pipe is also available in Iron Pipe Size (IPS), Ductile Pipe Size (DIPS) as well as metric sizes. Plastic Pipe Institute members can provide pipe, fittings and other appurtenances. ISCO Industries Total Piping SolutionsISCO is a family-owned, total piping solutions company with more than 30 facilities in the United States and Canada. ISCO offers custom high-density polyethylene (HDPE) fabrication and inventories large stockpiles of pipe, including a large supply of HDPE pipe, usually within a JM Eagle:World's Largest Plastic and PVC Pipe ManufacturerPlastic pipe exceeds iron pipe in durability, longevity, and performance. Independent studies by the American Water Works Association Research Foundation and the Plastic Pipes Institute show PVC and PE, respectively, last longer than 100 years.
PipePatch Point Repair CIPP Trenchless Pipe Repair
To dig down and repair this pipe externally would not be very cost effective. However, being able to use Pipe Patch to repair the defect at a fraction of the cost, it was right up the owners budget. The complete time to repair the pipe via Pipe Patch was about 4-5 hours! The only additional repair that was made was saw-cutting the street to Plastic Barbed Insert Fittings for Polyethylene PipePVC Insert Fittings are designed for use with ASTM D 2104 Schedule 40 or D 2239 SIDR pressure rated polyethylene pipe. Chemical and corrosion resistant, these rigid PVC barbed inserts provide superior grip with polyethylene piping materials. Plastic Saddles - Pipe Fittings - FergusonIndustrial Pipe Fittings 12 x 2 in. Saddle SDR 7 Plastic Branch Saddle for PE4710 Pipe. Part #:IFFN0C120020B000. X. POINTS. Call for Pricing $ 3 x 1-1/2 in. IPS or OD x Socket Schedule 40 PVC Saddle. Part #:S463337. X. POINTS. To see availability for this product, personLog In
Plastics Pipe Institute Energy Piping Systems Conduit
Plastic pipe delivers exceptional value, unwavering reliability and remarkable advantages over conventional types of piping. It's today's right choice for water service, drainage, fuel gas, conduit and plumbing & heating. Other reasons plastic pipes are a superior choice:Long-term service life Polyethylene Fusion Pipe - Black HDPE Polyethylene Pipe We STOCK Black HDPE and Yellow MDPE Pipe Coils and Straight Sticks (No minimum order) Bulk and Special Order Pipe Information ; Custom coils lengths are available in bulk only; We also stock straight pipe up to 12" Larger sizes are sold in bulk only (restrictions apply) ORDERS THAT CONTAIN PIPE ARE NOT ELIGIBLE FOR FREE SHIPPING Polyethylene Pipe & Fittings at LowesSilver-Line Plastics 1-in x 100-ft 100-PSI Plastic Coil Pipe Corsan 1-in x 2-ft 160 Plastic Coil Pipe Silver-Line Plastics 3/4-in x 100-ft 125 Plastic Coil Pipe
Polyethylene Pipe - Thomasnet
Mar 06, 2021 · Welcome to the premier industrial source for Polyethylene Pipe. The companies featured in the following listing offer a comprehensive range of Polyethylene Pipe, as well as a variety of related products and services. ThomasNet provides numerous search tools, including location, certification and keyword filters, to help you refine your results. Polyethylene Pipe Insulation MSCDirectShop a large range of polyethylene pipe insulation at MSC Industrial Supply. MSC Industrial supply is here to support all your metalworking and maintenance repair needs with over 1 million products in stock and ready to ship today! Polyethylene Piping Systems Field Manual for Municipal Reroute the pipe around the contaminated plume. Hydrocarbons do not degrade polyethylene but can diffuse through the wall of PE pipe in areas of gross contamination. Theexterior contact may affect sidewall fusions and or butt fusions; thus, after PE pipes have been exposed to grossly contaminated soils, mechanical connections may be preferred.
Repair coupling Polyethylene gas pipe and mechanical
In the event the tube or pipe has been damaged you can save 50 to 75% repair time compared to using old fashion methods. Simply snip out the damaged area, clean and chamfer the tube or pipe, stab the repair coupling on both ends, test for leaks - the job is complete. Repair of polyethylene pipe and fittingsRepair of polyethylene pipe and fittings. The method of repairing damaged PE pipe depends upon the degree of damage sustained. Localised damage may be repaired by use of an electrofusion saddle or clamp fixed around the damaged area. Such a repair may not be suitable where gas or other flammable fluid is present in the pipe, due to the heat Repair of polyethylene pipe and fittingsRepair of polyethylene pipe and fittings. The method of repairing damaged PE pipe depends upon the degree of damage sustained. Localised damage may be repaired by use of an electrofusion saddle or clamp fixed around the damaged area. Such a repair may not be suitable where gas or other flammable fluid is present in the pipe, due to the heat
TAP Poly-Weld Adhesive :TAP Plastics
TAP Poly-Weld Adhesive:Imagine being able to structurally bond Polyethylene! This material has been virtually impossible in the past. This material has been virtually impossible in the past. With a simple flame treatment and Poly-Weld, one can create strong joints on Low, Medium, or High-Density Polyethylene. Tests confirm polyethylene pipe for high-pressure oil, gas RTP pipe consists of a primary tube in HDPE (left), several crossed layers of Aramid yarns coated with HDPE (center), and an outer layer (right) of HDPE for external protection (Fig. 1).


Road Construction Planned for Highway 87
March 23, 2006
Tom Farrell, 605-745-4600
Rehabilitation work on scenic Highway 87 in Wind Cave National Park is scheduled to begin this fall and run through July of 2007. The National Park Service Midwest Deputy Regional Director David Given recently signed the Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for an environmental assessment written to rehabilitate and resurface 7.2 miles of South Dakota State Highway 87 and 1.4 miles of Visitor Center access roads.
Highway 87 could be closed between the junction of Highway 385 and the Rankin Ridge Fire Tower Road for up to eight weeks beginning after Labor Day while repairs are made to two historic bridges – the Beaver Creek arched concrete bridge and the Pig Tail Bridge. After a winter break, crews will focus on roadwork. Expect 30-minute delays along Highway 87, and the visitor center access roads could each be closed alternately for four weeks as work is completed on them.
Copies of the FONSI and environmental assessment are available at the Hot Springs, Custer, and Rapid City libraries, at the Wind Cave Visitor Center, or on-line at https://parkplanning.nps.gov/wica.
Last updated: December 29, 2017


Organized Village of Kake
- Background / Program Administration & Staff
- Transportation System
- Construction Projects
- Planning and Proposed Projects
- Coordination with FHWA
- Inventory and Asset Management
Background / Program Administration & Staff
On the northwest coast of Kupreanof Island, Kake is situated in a sheltered location along Keku Strait close to its confluence with Frederick Sound. Kake is accessible on a daily basis by airplane, except for weather-related interruptions, or on a weekly basis by State ferry.
The economic base includes fishing, seafood processing and logging. The total Kake population is 800. The Organized Village of Kake (OVK) tribal population is 600. The area covers 8.2 square miles of land and 6 miles of water. Unemployment is currently over 50%. Another economic study documented an unemployment rate as high as 80%.
Surface Transportation - Including timber roads, Kake has approximately 500 miles of roadway. Approximately 80% of the roads within the City of Kake are paved. The State ferry comes twice a week (once northbound and once southbound). Marine facilities include a small boat harbor, boat harbor, boat launch, deep-water dock and State ferry terminal. Once a week an Alaska Marine Lines barge serves Kake.
Air Transportation - Kake has a State-owned 4,000' (City-maintained) lighted, paved runway east of town, and a seaplane base at the City Dock. At the airport apron, there is only a small, open-air shelter, with no terminal building to shield travelers from the weather (and wildlife).
Public Transportation - Senior transportation service is provided by Juneau Catholic Services.
A breakwater was recently constructed. Federal Lands Highways has provided design funding to upgrade one of the main logging roads, roughly from the boat harbor to a recreation and boat launch area called Seal Point.
The City of Kake maintains the local roads in the Village proper. The timber companies maintain the timber roads. No general maintenance, i.e. erosion control, culvert or ditch repair, are done by the City or the logging companies.
For State facilities, the City receives $50K/year, including airport maintenance. There is not a State maintenance station in Kake, but state crews typically visit the community once a year to perform heavy maintenance, primarily at the airport.
Planning & Proposed Projects
One planner has been funded, part-time, using Administrative Capacity Building (ACB) funds from BIA IRR. One natural resources person worked on transportation planning issues before obtaining this part-time planner. The OVK also has a small administrative staff and an Executive Director.
Kake has a Long Range Transportation Plan, dated November 14, 2002.
Design phase of the Seal Point project is funded through the Alaska Forest Highway Program. This project runs 7 miles to Seal Point, and would upgrade Forest Development Roads 6040 (portions) and 6000. There are two bridges where substantial material placement and longer structures are proposed by the Forest Service to improve alignment characteristics. It may be possible to fund one of these changes through the IRR Bridge Program, as the existing bridge abutments are deficient.
There is a proposed project for a road to Petersburg Road. The proposal runs approximately 57 miles, ends at Wrangell Narrows, and then connects by shuttle ferry to Petersburg. Several options are under consideration.
Coordination with Federal/State/Local governments
The Organized Village of Kake and the City of Kake are developing an MOU that will include an economic development group. Kake has requested a more active role in the Southeast Conference. Kake and the Forest Service are also working on an MOU for a specific project (Salmon project).
Inventory and Asset Management
BIA inventory proposal 110.6; 2.9 construction need ($3.9 million)
Kake conducts manual traffic counts
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Home -- Crushed Stone Waste As Fine Aggregate For Concrete
Our leading products have crushing equipment, sand making equipment, mobile crusher;The products includes five series: crusher, sand making machine, powder grinding mill, mineral processing equipment and building materials equipment.
The suitability of crushed stone dust waste as fine aggregate for concrete was accessed by comparing its basic properties with that of conventional concrete crushed stone dust waste .
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Concrete of m25 grade was designed for a wc ratio of 048 for the replacement of 10% coarse aggregate with recycled coarse aggregate and replacement of 50 60 and 70% of fine aggregate .
Aggregates are split into two main categories: fine aggregate and coarse aggregate fine aggregates are generally made of sand or crushed stone and includes particles that can pass through a 38-inch sieve coarse aggregates include particles that range between 38 and 15 inches in diameter the size and quality of an aggregate affects how the .
Sep 26 2017&0183;&32;gravel aggregates there are two types of gravel aggregates: i) scabbled stone- regular natural or crushed ii) gravel - rounded pebbles usually of river or sea origin fractions of gravel aggregates are as follows: 3-10 mm 5-20 mm 5-40 mm 20-40 mm hassan harraz 2017 aggregate stones 26 27.
Aggregates are inert granular materials such as sand gravel or crushed stone that along with water and portland cement are an essential ingredient in concrete for a good concrete mix aggregates need to be clean hard strong particles free of absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and other fine materials that could cause the .
Aggregates are inert granular materials such as sand gravel or crushed stone that along with water and portland cement form the necessary ingredients in concrete aggregates need to be clean hard strong particles free of absorbed chemicals or coatings of fine materials that could cause the deterioration of concrete aggregates account for .
The action of wind or water while manufactured crushed fine aggregate and crushed stone coarse and fine aggregate are produced by crushing natural stone crushing screening and washing may be used to process aggregates from either sand and gravel deposits or stone quarries aggregates may be produced from igneous sedimentary or metamorphic.
Waste materials used in making mortar and concrete as a partial substitute for fine aggregate ie sand the following can be used: blast furnace slag 51-54 fly ash 55-57 silica fume 58 59 as well as stone dust they constitute waste that is created among other things in the production process of crushed-stone aggregates.
34 crushed stone the most popular size of crushed stone is 34 clean crushed stone 34 crushed stone is used for a variety of applications used for driveways for drainage as backfill 1 12 crushed stone 1 12 clean crushed stone is an aggregate that has been crushed reduced in size and screened through a square screen.
Jan 10 2019&0183;&32;the types of ore in the gravel are similar to crushed stone crushed stone usually has more angled surfaces than gravel as a result of the crushing process crushed stone can also range in size from fine dust to large rocks gravel is more rounded and often smaller than crushed stone gravel also comes in various sizes from 6mm up to 50mm .
Generally slate waste aggregates are different from natural aggregates so that concrete made with the use of them has specific properties concrete normally is made from a mixture of aggregate of good quality eg gravel or limestone and cement as aggregates generally constitute about 70 to 80% by volume of portland cement.
Crushed stone waste as fine aggregate for concrete difference between fine aggregate and coarse aggregate may 29 2011aggregate is mixed with cement to form concrete that is used to lay the foundation of a road or even a roof in a building many materials are used to form aggregate such as sand gravel stone crushed rock and sometimes even waste slug from iron and steel industry .
Jul 29 2019&0183;&32;crushed concrete driveways are a much more cost-effective driveway solution compared to gravel driveways regular concrete driveways or asphalt driveways with benefits like the price sustainability and the fact that it can never crack and require a repair crushed concrete .
Crushed concrete aggregates also called as recycled concrete aggregates are fragments and pieces of concrete buildings which are demolished or rebuild these crushed concrete are cleaned from dirt and broken to smaller pieces to manufacture aggregate which is termed as recycled aggregate crushed concrete aggregate eliminates the need for disposal by using the readily available .
Crushed concrete dallasfort worth crushed asphalt concrete sand gravel recycled concrete recycled asphalt concrete rubble coarse & fine natural aggregates purchase aggregate request a quote rubble disposal more information thereby reducing waste and generally providing reductions in both construction costs and environmental .
Sep 01 2016&0183;&32;crushed rock sand has surfaced as a viable alternative to natural river sand and is being now used commonly throughout the world as fine aggregate in concrete it is manufactured by crushing the quarried stone to a size that will completely pass through 475 mm sieve.
Crushed stone 67 sizes from 34 down to fine particles for fill road and slab base crushed stone 1 sizes are from 2 to 4 the largest of the crushed stone grades for larger jobs such a culvert ballast crushed stone 8 sizes from 38 to 12 for concrete and asphalt mix crushed stone 3 -sizes from 12 to 2.
&183; aggregate may be natural manufactured or recycled it includes gravel crushed stone sand slag recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates for a good concrete mix aggregates need to be clean hard strong particles free of absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and other fine materials that could cause the deterioration of concrete.
As with 1 12" crushed stone 2 12" crushed stone is a typical material in driveways and walkways as part of road base or as an aggregate of cement or asphalt for highway and road construction for drainage purposes 2 12" crushed stone can be used as drainage solution as part of a septic system for storm water management systems or dry wells.
The surface area of fine aggregates is higher the surface area of coarse aggregate is less than fine aggregates 6: function in concrete: the voids between the coarse aggregate are filled up by fine aggregate coarse aggregate acts as inert filler material for concrete 7: uses: fine aggregates are used in mortar plaster concrete filling of .
Aug 11 2018&0183;&32;it includes gravel crushed stone sand slag recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates for a good concrete mix aggregates need to be clean hard strong particles free of absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and other fine materials that could cause the deterioration of concrete.
Mar 31 2018&0183;&32;the reuse of crushed waste ceramic tiles as a substitute for fine aggregate in concrete has been investigated in this study waste ceramic tiles obtained from building demolition sites and left-overs from new building sites were used the crushed waste ceramic tiles were substituted in place of fine aggregates in the following percentages (0% 20% 25% 30% 35% and 40%) in the concrete mix.
The suitability of crushed stone dust waste as fine aggregate for concrete has been assessed by comparing its basic properties with that of conventional concrete two basic mixes were selected for natural sand to achieve m25 and m30 grade concrete the equivalent mixes were obtained by replacing natural sand by stone dust partially and fully.
Aggregate in concrete is a structural filler aggregate occupies most of the volume of the concrete we carry a variety of fine aggregates all of our fine aggregates are sold by the yard we can sell you a full 5-gallon bucket of any of our fine aggregates for $850 per full bucket you bring your 5-gallon bucket and we have the material you .
Stone crusher dust as fine aggregate in concrete paving block stone crusher dust as fine aggregate in concrete pav ini concrete and stone jaw crusher call with 540 pto ii 3 pt mount crushed rocks 68 quot working depth up to 47 quot hydraulically operated rear hood the stone crusher midipierre clears land from stones no matter whether for agr chat now stone crusher dust as a fine aggregate .
In the laboratory stone dust has been tried as fine aggregate in place of sand and ceramic scrap has been used as partialfull substitute to conventional coarse aggregate in concrete making cubes cylinders and prisms were cast and tested for compressive strength split tensile strength and modulus of rupture after a curing period of 28 days.
Recycled concrete aggregate applications hardened concrete has characteristics similar to that of natural stone which makes it suitable for most construction projects virgin aggregates are used for often concrete can be taken from a project and then recycled and re-used in the same project.
Recycled waste concrete and the adding of ad-mixture the compressive strength of recycled concrete (far concrete) with 10% 15% and 20% fine aggregate replacement by demolition waste coarse aggregate at 714 and 28 days is comparable to that of referral concrete the compressive.
Concrete recycling plants like the one operated by braen stone work to crush the recycled concrete and screen it down to size any metal pieces contaminants or debris are removed from the concrete aggregate so that it is pure in its composition.
Apr 20 2020&0183;&32;source depletion has led to rapidly rising costs of aggregates derived from natural sources such as crushed stone natural sand crushed gravel but concrete pavement recycling can provide an alternative aggregate resource that is both economical and sustainable says bryan perrie managing director of the concrete institute (tci).
Plant which consisted of a 45-in-diameter fine cone crusher and a 5 x 16-ft triple-deck vibrating screen all concrete used for recycling was obtained from various locations throughout nassau and suffolk counties and consisted of concrete from sidewalks driveways curbs and a limited amount of pavement.
The reference concrete mix was made withconventional coarse and fine aggregates (crushed stone and natural sand) five mixes were prepared incorporatingcoarse ceramic aggregate as partial substitute of coarse aggregate with replacement levels of 10% 20% 30% 40% and 50% besides five mixes incorporated fine crushed ceramic as partial.
As fine aggregate in concrete for the past two years the times the cost for crusher waste even in places where river sand is available nearby the function of the fine aggregate is to assist in producing workability and uniformity in the mixture the river deposits are crushed granite stone maximum size : 20 mm specific gravity : 298 .
High and New Industrial Zone, Kexue Revenue, Zhengzhou, China[email protected]


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While cutting firewood with his father in the mid ’60s, Jonathan had his first look into the forestry industry. From then, Jonathan developed a deep appreciation for the trade and craft. He received his arborist certification and never looked back. Since then we’ve specialized in technical removal, pruning, and land clearing.
We’ve plowed commercially in Vermont for nearly 40 years. We are neat, timely and reliable. We understand our responsibility in keeping our clients and their customers safe, while keeping their businesses running smoothly.
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Our broad experience, on-the-ground engineering skills, and in-the-moment physics application skills welcome clients to hire us for such things as lowering large wind turbines, washing windows over raging waterfalls, and removing old fire escapes.
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Napa River Rutherford Reach Restoration Project
The Napa River Rutherford Reach Restoration Project is comprised of a 4.5-mile reach of the mainstem Napa River south of the City of Saint Helena between Zinfandel Lane and the Oakville Cross Road. This reach is comprised of approximately 40 parcels owned and managed by 29 different private entities. Historic changes in land use and management in the Napa River watershed have resulted in confinement of the river into a narrow channel, loss of riparian and wetland habitats, accelerated channel incision and bank erosion, and ongoing channel degradation. Properties along the Rutherford Reach have been subject to bank instability and failure leading to the loss of valuable vineyard land and costly repairs.
The Napa River Rutherford Reach Restoration is a landowner-initiated project that aims to reduce existing bank erosion and enhance riparian and aquatic habitats using a suite of approaches, including: setting back earthen berms from the top of the river bank; creating vegetated buffers between the river and adjacent land uses; excavating and planting inset floodplain benches (1.5- to 2-year flood recurrence interval); creating backwater habitat to provide high-flow refugia for native fish; removing non-native invasive and Pierce's disease host species (e.g., Himalayan blackberry, periwinkle, giant reed, tree-of-heaven); planting native understory species; installing biotechnical bank stabilization to stabilize actively eroding banks; and, installing instream structures to improve aquatic habitat. The project also includes an annual maintenance program to proactively address debris, bank erosion, and inputs of fine sediments and to maintain the functions of the restoration features. Proposed maintenance activities include: debris removal; downed tree stabilization/relocation; in-channel vegetation management; planting native vegetation; invasive and Pierces's Disease host plant removal; and, repairing (as needed) instream habitat structures and other constructed instream restoration features. All of this work is proposed for private lands along the study reach under the supervision of the District in concert with landowners and their representatives.
The Napa River is presently subject to a Clean Water Act Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) action due to excessive quantities of fine sediment degrading local water quality and beneficial uses. While sediment is a naturally-occurring input to the Napa River system, excessive amounts are considered a pollutant, and thus sediment load reductions mentioned in this report amount to 'pollutant reductions' in TMDL terms. The Rutherford Reach Restoration Project serves to support the TMDL objective of reducing fine sediment loads and as a result has been designated a regional priority by the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board responsible for TMDL development and implementation.
Multiple agencies have been involved in project development and funding. The project is a terrific example of collaboration and leveraging available private-public funding.
Reduce bank erosion, loss of vineyard land, and flood damages by restoring stability to the Napa River,
Reduce sediment loading into the river downstream and into San Pablo Bay (a Regional Water Quality Control Board TMDL objective),
Restore habitat for salmonids and other aquatic species including existing runs of steelhead trout and Chinook salmon, by creating more riffles, reducing sediment burial of spawning gravels, and increasing cover and shade,
Restore a continuous corridor of riparian habitat for birds and wildlife,
Replace invasive plants with native species and reduce risk of Pierce's disease, and
Engage landowners in the process and maintain regulatory compliance.
The majority of the project documents may be accessed using the library links on left side of this page or here.
Here is the link to the Rutherford Dust Society webpage where a lot of project related photos can be viewed.
The following videos of the Napa River Rutherford Reach Restoration Project illustrate the function of recently created floodplain benches and instream habitat features in a high flow event. The instream benches were created by setting back land uses and existing berms, and grading a gentle slope that is replanted with native riparian vegetation. The benches are functioning as designed to slow water velocities and create high flow refugia for rearing salmonids such as steelhead trout and Chinook salmon. Fine sediments, which previously would settle out into spawning gravels as the flood flows receded and suffocate fish eggs, are now depositing out as dunes on the created floodplain benches. Widening of the channel slows flows sufficiently to cause the deposition of gravel, thus increasing spawning habitat in the mainstem for Chinook salmon. This design approach demonstrates that complex instream habitat, beneficial for aquatic species, can be restored in an incised of the stream channel.
Additional information, videos and pictures are available on the Rutherford Dust Society's Restoration Team project webpage.
The project also maintains a Facebook page (Facebook login to required).
Napa County Flood Control & Water Conservation District
PH: 707-259-8204 | Email: email@example.com