Hand-dug or drilled wells must be adequately protected in order to provide water of sustaining quality. Wells should normally be sealed to a depth of 3 meters to prevent the entrance of surface water or low quality ground water. The top slab of the structure should be above flood level and all openings properly sealed to prevent contamination.
Often sanitary well seals are difficult to obtain in developing countries. Well seals are necessary to protect the water quality and to protect pumps from physical damage.


BG-VOS.36.BM water treatment units provide treatment and desalination of brackish water from surface water sources to meet the water quality requirements of GOST 20995-75 for use in boiler units UKM-ZPM with E-1.0-0.9M boilers.
Main parts of water treatment unit BG-VOS.36.BM
- modular building of maximum factory readiness equipped with heating, ventilation, lighting, and OPS systems;
- main process equipment;
- capacitive equipment;
- set of piping and ZRA;
- electrical equipment, instrumentation, and local control system (LSU).
The water is taken by pumping station Wilo HWJ 204 from the external source water storage tank after passing the stage of coarse mechanical purification in the strainer dirt separator. Two pumping stations are installed to provide the required capacity and the necessary reserve.
The pumping station supplies water to the 2 m3 contact tank. Before water enters the tank, in order to regulate the water pH level and the consolidation of insoluble impurities, the reagents (coagulant and alkali) are injected.
Reagents are distributed with proportional dosing complexes by the signal from the pulse counter.
Wilo HWJ 204 pump station supplies water from the contact tank to the wastewater treatment plant with a flow rate of 2.4 m3/h and a pressure of 3.0 atm.
The first stage of purification uses an ultrafiltration unit.
Ultrafiltration unit allows to effectively purify water from fine and colloidal impurities, organic substances, bacteria, and reduce permanganate oxidation by at least 50-60%.
The quality of water treatment remains constantly high almost regardless of the source water quality, which means that seasonal fluctuations in water composition will not have a significant impact on the treatment quality.
The ultrafiltration unit consists of two circuits with a capacity of 2.2 m3/h each.
A reverse osmosis unit is used at the second treatment stage to reduce the salt content of the water to the required standards. The reverse osmosis unit consists of two circuits with a capacity of 2.2 m3/h each.
A boster pump station consisting of two high-pressure Lowara 5SV23F040T pumps (1 operating, 1 standby) are installed on the reverse osmosis unit.
The desalinated water is fed into a 2 m3 treated water storage tank. The tank provides the necessary supply of water for unit consumption and flushing.
Purified water is supplied for consumption and flushing equipment with Wilo HWJ 204 pump station.
Before water is supplied to the consumer, alkali is injected using a proportional dosing complex to bring the pH in accordance with the required standards.
Modular building of water treatment unit BG-VOS.36.BM has overall dimensions, strength characteristics, and slinging fittings corresponding to 20 NS sea container.


Iran celebrated self-sufficiency in dam construction by inaugurating the Karun-4 dam, the largest concrete dam in Iran, which has been completely designed and constructed by domestic engineers-MNA reports.
Construction of the dam cost around 7.9 trillion rials (some $790 million). It has been built over the Karoun river in Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari province, west of Iran.
President Mahmoud Ahmaidnejad attended the inauguration ceremony.
The Karun-4 dam has the highest discharge of Iran's rivers. The dam is a concrete double arch type and 230 meters high from the foundation.
The dam withholds a reservoir with a surface area of 29 square kilometers and capacity of 2.19 cubic kilometers.
The Karun-4 dam has now four generators; each has a capacity of 250 mega-watts. The dam will eventually have an installed capacity of 1,000 MW.


When paired with any of Graco's priming piston pumps, the Viscount II hydraulic air motor offers exceptional cost savings by operating on 20% of the energy used by a pneumatic motor. The Viscount II, Graco's patented hydraulic motor, replaces the King, Bulldog or Senator motors with the 800 or 2100 pump.
- Clean, quiet and efficient hydraulic power
- Extremely durable hydraulic pump with long-life packing design
- Highly efficient Viscount hydraulic motor reduces energy costs
- Stainless steel wetted parts with neoprene packings


Severn Trent Services understands North American water and wastewater operations. With over 30 years of experience operating, maintaining and managing water and wastewater operations, Severn Trent currently serves over 400 treatment facilities in North America through public-private partnerships.
– Over 30 years of experience operating, maintaining and managing water and wastewater operations
– Currently operating over 400 water and wastewater treatment facilities
– Operating in 20 states
– Serving nearly 4 million water and wastewater customers
– Responsible for nearly 6,000 miles of collection and distribution lines


A hydraulic cylinder is a mechanical system that converts hydraulic power into linear force and motion. It is made up of a cylindrical barrel, a piston, a piston rod, and a variety of seals. Here is a simplified explanation of how a hydraulic cylinder works:
1. Hydraulic Fluid Provide: The hydraulic cylinder is linked to a hydraulic method that supplies pressurized hydraulic fluid, typically oil, to the cylinder.
2. Cylinder Barrel and Piston: The cylinder barrel is a hollow tube the place the piston moves back and forth. The piston divides the cylinder into two chambers: the rod facet (also named the “blind” aspect) and the cap side.
three. Piston and Piston Rod: The piston is a cylindrical part that matches tightly within the cylinder barrel. It has sealing rings or seals all over its circumference to stop fluid leakage concerning the piston and the cylinder walls. The piston rod is attached to one conclusion of the piston and extends outdoors the cylinder barrel.
four. Hydraulic Fluid Strain: When hydraulic fluid is provided to a person of the chambers, it generates strain on the piston, pushing it in direction of the opposite stop of the cylinder. The force is created by a hydraulic pump and controlled by valves in the hydraulic process.
5. Linear Motion: As the China hydraulic cylinders supplier fluid force acts on the piston, it forces the piston and piston rod to transfer in a linear way. The direction of the linear motion depends on which chamber is pressurized.
six. Force and Operate: The hydraulic cylinder generates force in proportion to the hydraulic fluid tension and the effective spot of the piston. The force exerted by the cylinder can be calculated utilizing the formula: Force = Tension × Piston Space.
7. Sealing: Seals or sealing rings are employed to avert hydraulic fluid leakage among the piston and cylinder barrel. These seals be certain that the hydraulic force is contained within the cylinder, allowing it to crank out force and execute get the job done correctly.
8. Regulate and Path: The flow of hydraulic fluid to the unique chambers of the cylinder is controlled by valves in the hydraulic procedure. These valves immediate the fluid to the wanted chamber, enabling for precise regulate of the cylinder’s motion and operation.
Hydraulic cylinders are commonly applied in several applications, this sort of as building tools, industrial machinery, automotive devices, and a lot more, exactly where linear force and China hydraulic cylinders exporter movement are expected.


What is the working principle of solenoid valve
The working principle of solenoid valve: There is a clo […]
The working principle of solenoid valve:
There is a closed cavity in the solenoid valve with through holes at different positions. Each hole leads to a different oil pipe. In the middle of the cavity is the valve. On both sides are two electromagnets. Where it is attracted, by controlling the movement of the valve body to block or leak out the different drain holes, and the oil inlet hole is normally open, the hydraulic oil will enter the different drain pipes, and then push the oil through the oil pressure The rigid piston, the piston drives the piston rod, and the piston rod drives the mechanical device to move. In this way, the mechanical movement is controlled by controlling the current of the electromagnet.
Tracing the development history of solenoid valves:
So far, solenoid valves at home and abroad are divided into three categories in principle (ie: direct-acting, step-by-step pilot-operated), and the difference in valve structure and material and the difference in principle are divided into six There are three sub-categories (direct-acting diaphragm structure, step-by-step double-piece structure, pilot diaphragm structure, direct-acting piston structure, step-by-step direct-acting piston structure, pilot piston structure).
Direct-acting solenoid valve:
Principle: When energized, the solenoid generates electromagnetic force to lift the closing member from the valve seat, and the valve opens; when the power is off, the electromagnetic force disappears, and the spring presses the closing member on the valve seat, and the valve closes.
Features: It can work normally under vacuum, negative pressure and zero pressure, but the diameter generally does not exceed 25mm.
Distributed direct-acting solenoid valve:
Principle: It is a combination of direct action and pilot type. When there is no pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet, the electromagnetic force directly lifts the pilot small valve and the main valve closing member upwards in turn, and the valve opens. When the inlet and outlet reach the start-up pressure difference, after energization, the electromagnetic force pilots the small valve, the pressure in the lower chamber of the main valve rises, and the pressure in the upper chamber drops, so that the pressure difference pushes the main valve upward; when the power is off, the pilot valve uses a spring The force or medium pressure pushes the closing piece and moves downward to close the valve.


By Matthew Hickox, PE
When complex issues at dams arise due to rapid change or unforeseen deterioration, industry standard design equations and methodologies developed in the 20th century cannot always provide the correct solution. Fortunately, engineers are increasingly able to turn to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to confirm the hydraulics situation so that appropriate measures or repairs can be applied. For a broad overview of CFD capabilities, check out our post, What is Computational Fluid Dynamics?.
About the Expert:
Matthew Hickox, PE, brings civil engineering expertise in stormwater and river design, planning, and construction phase services. His experience is founded on a solid understanding of hydrologic modeling, 1- and 2-dimensional hydraulic modeling, in-stream hydraulic structures, scour protection measures, culvert and bridge hydraulics, and the regulatory environment for stormwater projects.
How Does CFD Work in Practice?
In one recent case, stream hydrology and geomorphology had changed around a low head diversion dam. Located in a sand bed stream system downstream of what has been a rapidly developing urban area for the last several decades, the dam’s issues were compounded by several things happening in the stream system around it. Growing urbanization had increased not only the frequency of discharges, but also increased the base flow. A hydraulically steep system meant that a change from ephemeral tributaries to annual base flow also increased the sediment load as the upstream reaches eroded.
This combination meant that the stream channel downstream of the diversion dam had dropped 3-4 feet over the last 15 years, velocities had increased on the stilling basin apron with the reduced tailwater, and the sediment load causing abrasion on the face of the structure had increased. None of these issues were a fault of the diversion dam’s original design, but the changing stream hydrology and geomorphology caused conditions that were not anticipated by the original designers.
A unit width CFD model of the existing structure confirmed field observations that the existing site conditions did not cause a hydraulic jump to form on the stilling basin apron – this jump washed off the structure, causing further damage potential directly downstream of the structure (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. Existing conditions unit width CFD model results showing velocity, cross section view of structure.
A similar unit width CFD model developed with the downstream stream bed elevation at the design elevation (pre-degradation) showed that the original design creates the hydraulic jump on the stilling basin apron and near the toe of the spillway face. While this unit width CFD model provides valuable verification of the hydraulics impacting the structure, this is not enough as the damage to the structure is very pronounced in the middle of the structure and nearly untouched in other areas. (Figure 2)
Figure 2. Original design conditions unit width CFD model results showing velocity, cross section view of structure. The only difference with Figure 1 is the downstream bed elevation.
The full existing conditions CFD model confirmed the extents of the stilling basin apron abrasion and the resulting damage. (Figures 3 & 4)
Figure 3. Existing conditions CFD model results showing velocity streamlines at 2-year event discharge. High velocities are areas of significant abrasion damage, low velocity areas have little or no abrasion damage.
Figure 4. Existing conditions shows rebar exposed from significant abrasion damage to stilling basin apron in high velocity areas.
During the preliminary design of the repair for this structure, a brief analysis showed that raising the tailwater on the structure would help create a hydraulic jump on the structure near the toe of the spillway, which would reduce the extreme velocities across the stilling basin apron and thereby significantly reduce the abrasion on the structure (see Figure 5). This preliminary proposed conditions CFD model only raised the end sill elevation; the condition and geomorphology of the stream system downstream of the structure will have to be evaluated for any final design condition to ensure the stability of the structure for the remainder of its design life.
Figure 5. Preliminary design check to verify velocities under a raised tailwater condition at a 2-year event discharge. Velocity cross section slices shown.
CFD models give us another tool to confirm the hydraulics when design situations do not fall neatly within the limitation of established design equations and procedures. A holistic view, both detailed at the structure and an overview of the watershed, is needed to assess conditions now and in the future at a project site. The design and operation of the structure in this example remain very close to the original design – it is the stream system that has changed around the structure. CFD provides another tool in the toolbox to analyze complex hydraulics when changing site conditions result in unexpected hydraulics and structure damage.
For more information regarding CFD or the hydraulic engineering services we offer here at Ayres, please contact Matthew Hickox, PE.


high pressure control for a11vo190 a11vo260 pump
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Variable pump,reversible,all components integrated for closed circuits.For applications in the high pressure range up to 450 bar.Integrated auxiliary pump for boost and control oil supply.Combined boost and high-pressure relief valves.Boost pressure relief valve.Possible to mount additional pumps on through drive up to the same nominal size


Oil additives for quickly and accurately locating leaks in hydraulic systems. Renders the hydraulic oil extremely fluorescent so that leaks can be accurately located and the full extent of the oil loss can be determined by illuminating the affected area using an indicator lamp (UV flashlight).
Fluorescence indicator for mineral hydraulic oils. Normal dosage 1:100 and for weak leakage dosage 1:20.
Add to the hydraulic tank depending on the area of use. The usage concentration is 1:100, meaning that up to 50 l of hydraulic oil can be treated with a 500 ml can. With very slight leaks, we recommend increasing the usage concentration to up to 1:20, whereby the 500 ml can is sufficient for 10 l of hydraulic oil. After adding to the hydraulic oil tank, the hydraulic system should be used for several operating hours to achieve complete mixing of the oil and the additive. Perform the subsequent search for leaks in a darkened room wherever possible.
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US 6105635 A
A self-regulating valve assembly for use with a fluid exchange system for matching fluid in-flow and out-flow from an accessed hydraulic system. Particular applicability of the valve assembly is found in fluid exchange systems for vehicle automatic transmissions. An external pump assembly may be regulated by the valve assembly to match the introduction of fluid into the vehicle automatic transmission with a flow rate of fluid extracted therefrom.
1. A fluid exchange system for use in exchanging a used fluid with a fresh fluid in a hydraulic system having a cooling circuit operatively connected to conduct a circulated fluid therein, said fresh fluid being contained in and dispensed from a source external to said hydraulic system, said used fluid initially being contained within said fluid cooling circuit and discharged into a receptacle external to said hydraulic system, said fluid exchange system comprising:
a first conduit adapted to be interconnected to the fluid exchange system, the source, and the fluid cooling circuit to conduct fresh fluid from the source into the fluid cooling circuit,
a second conduit adapted to be interconnected to said fluid exchange system and the fluid cooling circuit to conduct used fluid from the fluid cooling circuit, said used fluid at a predetermined pressure and flow rate;
a pump assembly for delivering pressurized fluid to said first conduit; and
a control mechanism operatively connected to the pump assembly and the first conduit and the second conduit, said control mechanism having a valve body having a plurality of ports and at least one valve received therewithin said valve body, said valve responding to a change in the predetermined pressure of the used fluid to vary an output of fresh fluid emitted from said fluid exchange system through said first conduit and into the cooling circuit, said at least one valve in fluid communication with both the used fluid and the fresh fluid.
2. A fluid exchange system according to claim 1, wherein the control mechanism further includes a pair of valves and an intermediate spring, all retained within the valve body.
3. A fluid exchange system according to claim 2, wherein the spring assembly transfers a force from one of the pair of valves to the other valve.
4. A fluid exchange system according to claim 3, wherein each of the pair of valves includes a bore for allowing fluid to pass therethrough.
5. A fluid exchange system according to claim 4, wherein a pair of the plurality of ports is aligned with a bore of at least on of the pair of valves.
6. A fluid exchange system according to claim 5, wherein one of the pair of ports is fluidly coupled to the pump to establish a feedback to the pump.
7. A fluid exchange system according to claim 1, wherein an output flowrate of fresh fluid introduced into the cooling circuit and the flowrate of used fluid extracted from the cooling circuit are substantially equal.
8. A fluid exchange system for use in exchanging a used fluid with a fresh fluid in a hydraulic system having a cooling circuit operatively connected to conduct a circulated fluid therein, said fresh fluid dispensed from a pressurized source external to said hydraulic system, said used fluid initially being contained within said fluid cooling circuit and discharged into a receptacle external to said hydraulic system, said fluid exchange system comprising:
a valve device having a valve body and at least one interiorly-received valve, said valve body having a plurality of ports, said at least one valve movable with respect to at least one of said plurality of ports, said at least one valve in fluid communication with both the fresh fluid and the used fluid;
a first conduit for receiving used fluid from the fluid cooling circuit and introducing said used fluid to the valve device at a used fluid inlet port at a predetermined pressure and flow rate;
a second conduit for receiving the pressurized fresh fluid and introducing said pressurized fresh fluid to the valve device at a fresh fluid inlet port;
a third conduit for receiving pressurized fresh fluid from an outlet port of said valve device, said third conduit coupled to the cooling circuit to introduce fresh fluid therein at a fresh fluid input flow rate; and
wherein said at least one valve of the valve device responds to the predetermined pressure of the used fluid introduced from the first conduit to control a flow rate of fluid within the third conduit.
9. A fluid exchange system according to claim 8, wherein the at least one valve includes a pair of valves.
10. A fluid exchange system according to claim 9, further comprising:
a spring assembly, said spring assembly transfers a force from one of the pair of valves to the other valve.
11. A fluid exchange system according to claim 10, wherein each of the pair of valves includes a bore for allowing fluid to pass therethrough.
12. A fluid exchange system according to claim 11, wherein a pair of the plurality of ports is aligned with a bore of at least one of the pair of valves.
13. A fluid exchange system according to claim 12, wherein one of the pair of ports is fluidly coupled to pressurized source of fresh fluid to establish a feedback.
14. A fluid exchange system according to claim 11, wherein the input flowrate of fresh fluid introduced into the cooling circuit from the third conduit and the flowrate of used fluid extracted from the cooling circuit are substantially equal.
15. A method of exchanging used hydraulic fluid with new hydraulic fluid in a hydraulic fluid system having an internal pump and a fluid cooling circuit, said method comprising the steps of:
providing a receptacle of new hydraulic fluid;
providing a pump for pressurizing the new hydraulic fluid at a pump outlet; and
coupling a pump controller between the pump outlet and the fluid cooling circuit, said pump controller having an inlet port coupled to the fluid cooling circuit for introducing used fluid at a predetermined pressure into the pump controller, said pump controller having a valve body and a valve received within the valve body, said valve in fluid communication with both the new hydraulic fluid and the used hydraulic fluid, said valve movable in response to changes in the predetermined pressure, wherein a flow rate of new hydraulic fluid introduced into the cooling circuit from the pump controller is dependent on the position of said valve within the valve body.
16. In a device for exchanging used hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic fluid system with new hydraulic fluid, said device comprising:
a flow rate control assembly, said control assembly having a valve body and an interiorly received valve, said control assembly having a plurality of ports in fluid communication with said valve, said valve in fluid communication with both the used hydraulic fluid and new hydraulic fluid;
a source of new hydraulic fluid;
a pump having an input coupled to the source of new hydraulic fluid and an output coupled to an input port of said plurality of ports of the control assembly;
a used fluid conduit coupled between the hydraulic system and the control assembly for allowing used fluid from the hydraulic system to flow to the control assembly at a predetermined used fluid flowrate and pressure; and
a fresh fluid conduit coupled between the hydraulic system and the control assembly for allowing fresh fluid from the source of new hydraulic fluid to flow to the hydraulic system at a predetermined fresh fluid flowrate,
wherein the predetermined fresh fluid flowrate is determined by a relative position of the valve within the valve body, said relative position depending on the used fluid pressure.
17. A method of exchanging used hydraulic fluid with fresh hydraulic fluid in an vehicle transmission having an internal pump and an external fluid cooling circuit, said method comprising the steps of:
providing a volume of fresh hydraulic fluid;
pressurizing at least a portion of said volume of hydraulic fluid;
providing a control assembly having a valve body having a valve received therein, said valve body further having a plurality of fluid ports for providing fluid communication of both the used hydraulic fluid and the fresh hydraulic fluid with said valve;
coupling the pressurized portion of said volume of hydraulic fluid to the control assembly at a fresh fluid inlet port;
connecting the control assembly to the cooling circuit so that used hydraulic fluid flows from the cooling circuit to a used hydraulic fluid inlet port of the control assembly, said used hydraulic fluid at a used hydraulic fluid pressure;
allowing the valve to move relative to the valve body in response to a change in the used hydraulic fluid pressure; and
connecting the control assembly to the cooling circuit so that fresh hydraulic fluid flows from the control assembly to the cooling circuit, said fresh hydraulic fluid having an hydraulic fluid flowrate, said fresh hydraulic fluid flowrate varies in response to a change in a position of the valve relative to the valve body.
This application claims the benefit of priority pursuant to 35 USC § 119(e)(1) from the provisional patent application filed pursuant to 35 USC §111(b): as Ser. No. 60/072,289 on Jan. 23, 1998.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a self-regulating valve assembly for use with a fluid exchange system for matching fluid in-flow and out-flow from an accessed hydraulic circulation circuit, more particularly such as an automatic transmission fluid cooling circuit.
2. Background of the Invention
Devices and methods of use thereof for exchanging used automatic transmission fluid (ATF) with fresh ATF from an automotive transmission have recently been widely accepted. Such devices may access the fluid cooling circuit of an automobile and introduce fresh fluid at a predetermined flow rate while simultaneously extracting a similar predetermined flow rate of used fluid from the cooling circuit. Earlier advances in the art, for example, include U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,318,080 and 5,472,064, both to Viken, and both herein incorporated by reference. The importance of balancing fluid introduction and extraction is also widely recognize. Accordingly, it is desirable to maintain approximate parity between the introduction of fresh fluid into an automatic transmission and the extraction of used fluid out of the transmission in a fluid exchange apparatus while performing an exchange of the transmission's used fluid for fresh fluid.
A need has developed for devices and methods for use thereof for exchanging used hydraulic fluid with fresh hydraulic fluid in a closed or open loop hydraulic systems. Such devices would desirably access a hydraulic circuit and introduce fresh hydraulic fluid at a predetermined flow rate while simultaneously extracting a similar predetermined flow rate of used hydraulic fluid from the access circuit.
Many prior art devices have relied on operator or other intervention to monitor and control an external pump which introduces fresh fluid at a balanced rate in an exchange system. Operator control of the fluid pump is an obvious limitation in that exchange performance relies on the relative skill of operator.
Finally, many machines and methodologies have recently been developed for ATF exchanges of automobiles. However, the devices and methods have typically been relatively complex in design and application. A need exists for a simple, fail-safe automatic transmission fluid exchange device.
Addressing the deficiencies of the conventional art, the instant invention resolves the problems in an efficient, and cost effective manner. The instant invention can be adapted for use in hydraulic fluid exchanging systems or applications (and other than for automatic transmissions) where it is desirable to match fluid flows entering and exiting the fluid system.
One aspect of the present invention provides a pump and valve assembly for balancing the introduction and extraction of fluid into and out of an automatic transmission system during a fluid exchange procedure.
Another aspect of the present invention provides an energy-efficient bypass or default mode of substantially limiting the pump load while the unit is a non-exchanging mode.
Yet another aspect of the present invention is the automatic nature of the device which does not require operator intervention during the exchange process. Importantly, an operator is not required to manually activate the pump once the automobile is started. The unit according to the present invention allows the apparatus to be interconnected to the transmission cooling circuit of an unstarted automobile with the external fresh fluid pump turned on. Activation of the vehicle functions to fluidly activate the valve assembly which couples the external pump's output to the fluid circulation line and simultaneously balances the flow rate of exchanged ATF fluid. This automatic start feature simplifies the fluid exchange procedure. When the exchange procedure has finished the engine may be turned off to render the transmission inoperative. The valve assembly then fluidly uncouples the pump to the fluid cooling circuit. The unloaded pump may thus continue operating for a significant period of time without overheating.
The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention are further disclosed in the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings.
FIG. 1 is schematic view of a fluid exchange system according to the present invention operating in a bypass mode of operation;
FIG. 2 is schematic view of a fluid exchange system according to the present invention operating in an operational mode of operation; and
FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of a control valve assembly.
Referring now to the drawings, where like numerals represent like parts throughout, FIGS. 1 and 2 are a schematic views of fluid exchange system 10 according to the present invention. FIG. 1 represent the exchange system 10 in a bypass mode of operation. FIG. 2 represent the exchange system 10 in an operational mode of operation. The exchange system has fluid coupled components including a fluid pump 12, a source of fresh ATF fluid 14, a used ATF receptacle 16, and a control valve assembly 20. It may be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the exchange system 10 of the present invention, while described herein in a preferred application for use with automotive automatic transmission, may be suitable for fluid exchange purposes for a variety of hydraulic systems, such as vehicles, airplanes, tractors, stationary hydraulic systems, etc.
FIG. 1 and 2 show a valve assembly 20 component of a fluid exchanger 10 for automatic transmissions in bypass mode and operational mode, respectively. The exchange system 10 includes a fluid conduit 50 which is interconnected to the outlet line side of the cooling circuit of the transmission (not shown). The exchanger 10 has a conduit 52 which is interconnected to the return line side of the cooling circuit of the transmission. As appreciated by those skilled in the art, conduit 50, 52 connections 54, 56 may be made directly to the outlet side and inlet side of the cooling circuit, or may be made to an intermediate flow correcting device (not shown) coupled between the cooling circuit and the exchange system 10 which aligns the exchange system 10 with the flow of circulated fluid of the cooling circuit.
Valve assembly 20 includes a valve body 22 and a pair of interiorly received valves 24, 26. The valves 24, 26 are slideably movable within the valve body 22 in response to fluid pressures introduced therein. The valve body 22 includes a pair of end caps 28, which are secured to valve body 22 by fasteners 30. End caps 28 may alternatively be temporarily or permanently secured to the valve body 22 through a variety of known mechanical, thermal, or chemical processes.
Referring to FIG. 1 and 2, the first valve 24 includes a narrow diameter portion 32 which is received into a cavity 34 of the second valve 26. Both valves 24, 26 include keyways 36 (which associate with keys 38 of the valve body 22) to prevent rotation of the valves 24, 26 but permit free lengthwise sliding within the valve body 22. A spring 40 is disposed between the valves 24, 26 and is sized to be received into the cavity 34 of the second valve 26. Spring 40 may be a variable rate spring.
Additional features of the valves 24, 26 include control surfaces 42 and internal bores 44, 46. Valves 24, 26 each have a control surface 42 which interacts with fluid introduced from respective ports 70, 72. Control surfaces 42 are defined as approximately semi-cylindrical portions removed from the ends of the valves 24, 26. It is appreciated that a control surface 42 may assume a variety of shapes or configurations, but will permit the valve 24, 26 to interact under pressures presented to the control surface 42 by fluid communicating through an associated valve body port 70, 72. Relatively sharp edges are formed along the control surface perimeters 48. Fluid passing through ports 70, 72 and impacting the sharp edges of valves 24, 26 cause the control surfaces 42 to be less sensitive to viscosity differences of the ATF fluid.
To promote fluid sealing, valves 24, 26 each have a pair of O-rings 80 installed in circumferentially cut grooves. The O-rings 80 do not substantially inhibit valve 24, 26 motion within the valve body 22. In other embodiments, the O-rings 80 may not be necessary as the clearance between the components may be minimized to promote fluid sealing.
Valve body 22 includes an inlet port 70 to which conduit 50 is connected. Inlet port 70 is arranged to provide fluid communication with the control surface 42 of valve 24. Valve body 24 has a outlet port 74 which is connected to a used fluid outlet conduit 56 which is arranged to deliver used fluid and diluted used fluid to the used fluid receiver 16.
The fluid pump 12, which may be a gear pump or other suitable pump, has an inlet port 90 and an outlet port 92. The pump 12 may have an internal relief valve to protect against overheating caused by an obstruction to fluid flow. The inlet port 90 of the pump 12 is coupled to the fresh fluid supply 14 via conduit 57 and a valve body bypass outlet port 75 via conduit 59.
The pump 12 outlet 92 is coupled to an inlet port 72 of the valve body 20 via conduit 51 to provide communication with valve 26, and to a bypass inlet port conduit 77 via conduit 53.
Valve assembly main outlet conduit 52 is coupled to the valve assembly 20 at port 76 and fluidly couples the exchange system 10 to the return line of the cooling circuit. Transition ports 71, 73 are fluidly coupled together through conduit 54. Used fluid outlet port 74 of valve assembly 10 is coupled to conduit 56 which in turn is associated with used fluid receptacle 16.
Bores 44 and 46 are cylindrical passageways through valves 24, 26 respectively, and provide (depending on the position of each valve 24, 26 within the valve body 20) variable fluid communication between respective ports 77, 75 and 73, 76. The sensitivity of the valve assembly 20 is a function of the bore 44, 46 diameter and is determined in research by tuning the ports and conduit size combinations used in the system.
Importantly, the valve assembly 22, 24, 26 and fluid conduits 50-57, 59 together define a feedback loop controller for controlling the pump 12 output. As may be appreciated by those skilled in the art, bore 44 and conduits 53, 59 define a feedback loop, with the extent of feedback determined by the variable flow rate of fluid through ports 77 and 75.
The specific progressive resistance profile of spring 40 is determined by the specific types and flow ranges of the transmissions that will be serviced. For example, if the apparatus is to be used to service large bus or truck automatic transmissions, the spring 40 will have a larger spring constant. Proper spring constant selection may be critical to the exchange system 10 functionability.
Operation of the First Embodiment
The fluid exchange device 10 of FIG. 1 is schematically depicted as interconnected to an opened cooling circuit of an automatic transmission prior to starting the engine.
Before the vehicle engine is started to render the transmission operative, the pump 12 may be activated to circulate fluid in a bypass circuit through bypass conduits 53, 59 as indicated by fluid flow arrows in FIG. 1. During the bypass mode, the valves 24, 26 are maintained in position by the spring 40 force. As can be appreciated, the force from fluid pressure at valve 26 control surface 42 is less than the spring reacting force. Valve body 22 ports 73, 76 and 77, 75 are aligned with bores 46 and 44, respectively. Desirably, the pump 12 may operate in its bypass mode for an extended period of time without overheating. The bypass mode may also be referred to full feedback mode, as the entire pump 12 output is fed back into the pump inlet 90.
Referring now to FIG. 2, upon starting the vehicle engine, used fluid is delivered under pressure of an internal pump (not shown) of the vehicle transmission, and is delivered into port 70 to displace valve 24. As valve 24 is displaced, used fluid is allowed to flow out of port 74 and through conduit 56 to be deposited in used fluid receiver 16.
As valve 24 is displaced toward its opposite end in valve body 20, it displaces bore 44 from ports 77, 75 effectively blocking the flow of fresh fluid through the bypass (feedback) circuit. This blocking of the bypass circuit causes fresh fluid to be delivered to port 72 through conduit 51 in increased pressure to displace valve 26 against spring 40, thereby allowing fresh fluid to flow out of port 71 through conduit 54, through bore 46, and then through conduit 52 to enter the return line side of the cooling circuit of the transmission. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the forces transmitted by the valves 24, 26 cause the spring 40 to collapse.
Low flow transmission pumps will displace valve only minimally exerting only minimal resistance against the fresh fluid entering port 72 from pump 12, but because valve 24 only minimally blocks bore 44, a relatively large bypass of fresh fluid is maintained and a minimal amount of fresh fluid is delivered to port 76 through conduit 54 to the return line side of the cooling circuit of the transmission.
High flow transmission pumps will displace valve 24 maximally closing bore 44 to prevent much if any fluid from bypassing and thereby allowing the full flow of pump 12 to bear on valve 26, which opens bore 46 significantly and allows fluid to flow through conduit 54 at a maximum flow level.
The motions of valves 24, 26 under fluid pressure of ports 70, 72 may be reciprocatedly related. That is, as one valve 24, 26 is displaced in a direction away from its inlet port 70, 72 it tends to cause the other valve 26, 24 to move toward its inlet port 72, 70. It may be appreciated that the reciprocal relation is constrained by the intermediate spring 40 dynamics.
Importantly, valve assembly 20 functions to permit the line pressure of fluid delivered from the internal pump of the transmission to exert priority or control over the flow output of the external pump 12 of the fluid exchange system 10.


The reduction in the mass
The same dimensions and pressure drop as that of a straight tube should have same mass flow rate through bend tube if the flow is fully attached without any secondary flow. Therefore, lower mass flow rate through the bend tube indicates that the flow is with secondary flow due to bend and has to overcome additional resistance due to secondary flow causing the LDC1267 in mass flow rate. This conclusion (on the basis of measurements and analytical solution) further reinforces the numerically obtained streamlines and velocity vector plots showing the secondary flows (Fig. 11).
In this work, experiments for low pressure nitrogen gas flowing through three different bend test sections of diameters (8, 13 and 20 mm) and lengths (208, 213 and 220 mm) are performed. The measurements cover part of the continuum and slip flow regimes (0.0003 < Kn < 0.0385; 0.27 < Re < 418.5). The static pressure measurements along the inner, outer and top walls are undertaken and analyzed to understand the flow behavior. The results are compared with analytical solution obtained for flow in a straight tube under similar flow conditions. The velocity field is thermiogenesis obtained through numerical analysis for better understanding of the flow behavior near the bend.


Hydraulic Brake Control System for Off-Highway Vehicles 911834
In February of 1987, Dresser introduced a pair of new mechanical drive, off-highway trucks designed to operate in the 35 to 60 ton, rear-dump, classes. These trucks, designated 140M and 210M, replaced three previous models while covering the same payload range. One distinctive feature of these new vehicles was their hydraulic system and in particular the brake control portion of this system.
This new hydraulic brake control system can be described as a closed-center arrangement using a pressure-compensated, variable displacement pump as an energy source with accumulator-based energy reserves for independent and redundant circuits. In the basic version, a pair of pressure regulating valves are used to control system pressure at the brakes. These valves can be actuated in
tandem by a treadle (foot pedal) or separately by hydraulic pilot pressure. A single, filtered hydraulic fluid is used throughout the system and is stored in a single reservoir vented to atmosphere.
The basic system is capable of accommodating multiple-axle (i.e. more than two) arrangements but was originally applied to a two-axle vehicle using dry, disc-type (caliper and rotor) brakes on all wheels. In February of 1990, the Model 140M and 210M trucks were revised to offer rear axle oil-cooled brakes as an option. The brake control system was subsequently modified to provide for this change primarily by the use of an additional pressure regulating valve and redundant circuitry.
Both the original and latest versions of this system are characterized by their use of a unique emergency brake control system. Through the use of logic-type control valves, a loss of hydraulic pressure in one circuit is used to force the remaining high pressure circuits into actuating the brakes. This paper will describe the arrangement and operation of this hydraulic brake control system and its function as an integral part of the overall vehicle hydraulic system.


How Do I Know What Size Hydraulic Pump I Need?
When it comes to hydraulic systems, choosing the right size for your hydraulic pump is crucial. The wrong size can lead to inefficiencies, increased energy consumption, and even equipment damage. In this article, we will guide you through the process of determining the correct size for your hydraulic pump. Let's dive in.
What is a Hydraulic Pump?
A hydraulic pump is a mechanical device that converts mechanical power into hydraulic energy. It generates flow to overcome the resistance of the system and maintain pressure. Hydraulic pumps are widely used in various industries, including construction, manufacturing, and automotive.
Importance of Choosing the Right Size
Selecting the appropriate size for your hydraulic pump is vital for several reasons:
Efficiency: An accurately sized pump ensures optimal efficiency, reducing energy wastage.
System Performance: It directly affects the performance of the entire hydraulic system.
Longevity: The right size can prolong the lifespan of your equipment.
Safety: Incorrect sizing may lead to system failures, posing safety risks.
Key Factors to Consider
To determine the correct size for your hydraulic pump, consider these key factors:
The flow rate refers to the volume of fluid the pump delivers per unit of time. It's measured in gallons per minute (GPM) or liters per minute (LPM). To determine your system's required flow rate, consider the hydraulic components you're using.
Operating pressure, typically measured in pounds per square inch (PSI) or bar, is the force the pump needs to generate to move the hydraulic fluid through the system. It's essential to know the maximum pressure your system requires.
There are various types of hydraulic pumps, such as gear pumps, piston pumps, and vane pumps. Each type has specific applications and advantages. Selecting the right type is crucial for efficiency.
Calculating Your Hydraulic Pump Size
Let's break down the process of calculating your hydraulic pump size into simple steps:
Step 1: Determine Flow Rate
Identify the flow rate required by your system. Consider the combined flow rate of all hydraulic components.
Step 2: Calculate Operating Pressure
Determine the maximum operating pressure your system needs. This is essential for selecting the right pump.
Step 3: Select the Right Pump Type
Based on your system's requirements, choose the most suitable pump type, considering factors like efficiency and compatibility.
Step 4: Verify the Sizing
Double-check your calculations to ensure accuracy. Consult with hydraulic experts if needed.
The Consequences of Choosing the Wrong Size
Selecting the wrong size can have serious consequences, including:
Inefficiency and increased operating costs
Reduced equipment lifespan
Frequent breakdowns and maintenance
Benefits of Accurate Sizing
Choosing the correct size for your hydraulic pump offers several advantages:
Optimal performance and efficiency
Reduced energy consumption
Extended equipment life
Enhanced safety and reliability
Common Mistakes to Avoid
To ensure you choose the right size for your hydraulic pump, avoid these common mistakes:
Neglecting to calculate flow rate and operating pressure accurately.
Selecting a pump solely based on cost.
Ignoring the type of pump that best suits your application.
In conclusion, selecting the right size for your hydraulic pump is essential for the efficient operation of your hydraulic system. By considering factors like flow rate, operating pressure, and pump type, you can ensure optimal performance, longevity, and safety. Avoid common sizing mistakes, and consult experts if needed for a smooth hydraulic system operation.


Water pumping system :- (Solar Dc pump )
Principle :-The pump which through out the water from the ground.
Working : The system operates on power generated using solar pv system.
The photovoltaic array converts solar energy into electricity which is used for running the motor set.pumping system draws water from the open well ,bore etc.
Basic of solar water pumping system :-
Content :-1) Parts of water pumping system. 2) Working of solar water pumping system. 3)Utility 4) appropriate cost. 5) Advantage of solar water pumping system.
Parts of solar water pumping system :-Solar pv panel,one of the following motor,pipe,
1) Long operating life
2)Highly reliable and durable
Load calculation :-
Sewing machine load calculation :-


Discussion Questions: 1. What are the basic criteria for selecting the proper pump for a project? The first step is to determine the required pressure and flow rate for the project. The second step is to find the pump that provides the required pressure and flow rate at a high efficiency (>60% is the target). 2. At what flow rate and total dynamic head is the pumping plant that you evaluated in lab most efficient? Obtain from lab data: Maximum Pumping Plant Efficiency: 64% Flow Rate: 1800 GPM TDH: 43.9 ft 3. Explain what happened to the flow rate on the pump as the discharge pressure was increased. As the discharge pressure increased the flow rate decreased. What we actually did was decrease the flow rate, which then caused the discharge pressure to increase. 4. What was the impeller efficiency at maximum PPE? Did it match up with the manufacturers’ data? Why or why not? PPE = Motor Efficiency X Impeller Efficiency Imp Eff = PPE/ME = 63.68%/92.5% Imp Eff = 68.84% = 69% It does not match up with the manufacturers’ data for multiple reasons. The efficiency
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Find another flow measurement calculator by clicking on the required answer which coincides with the input parameters you already know.
|vol flow||mass flow||flow speed||vol||mass||time|
|area||flow speed||vol flow|
|dia||flow speed||vol flow|
|w x h||flow speed||vol flow|
|time||vol||mass||vol flow||mass flow|
|density||mass flow||vol flow||mass||vol|
|flow speed||area, dia|
- Calculate flow velocity from a given volume flow rate and area
- Determine volume flow from area and speed of flow
- Calculate cross-sectional area of circular pipe or duct
- Calculate cross-sectional area of rectangular shaped duct
- Area units converter
- Convert volume and time to flow rate
- Volumetric flow rate units converter
- Volumetric units converter
This tool will calculate the cross-sectional area that a substance is flowing through from the rate of volume flow and the speed of the flow. A range of conversion values for flow and area will also be displayed for each set of input parameters entered.
The formula used by this calculator to calculate the cross-sectional flow area is:
A = Q / v
- A = Cross-sectional area
- Q = Volumetric flow rate
- v = Flow velocity
n.b. This formula assumes uniform flow conditions within the entire cross-sectional area, without any friction losses near to surfaces.
Volumetric Flow Rate Required
Enter the quantity of volume which will flow through per unit of time.
Flow Velocity Measured
Enter the speed that the substance is moving through the flow area.
Cross-Sectional Area Calculation
This is the cross-sectional area that would be needed for a substance moving at the specified speed and rate of volumetric flow.


Dorena Hydro LLC
The project proposes to utilize the flow released from the Dorena Dam and the head available from the Dorena Lake Reservoir to operate an eight MW ‘run of the river’ hydroelectric facility located in Cottage Grove, Oregon. The project is to coincide with existing USACE facility and maintain the functional performance of Dorena Dam and Lake.
The project will include the following features:
Engaged by the client during the construction phase, to provide the following project management services:
Our Key Accomplishments


Magnetically coupled centrifugal pump
Material : PP
Flux/Sondermann magnetically coupled pumps without shaft seal are hermetically sealed, leak-proof and maintenance free. The sturdy design pump structure enhance resistance to highly concentrated acids and alkalines, ensuring safety when operating in critical cirucumstances. Due to the back pull-out design, the entire driving unit can be replaced without dismantling the pumping unit so the system stays hermetically sealed during the repair.
The material of pump construction
Pump Housing PP
O Ring EPDM, FKM, FEP, FFKM
Bearing Silicon carbide, carbon, Alumina, PTFE
Shaft Alumina ceramic, silicon carbide


● Integrated steel sheet welder structure ,eliminate stress by vibration, with good rigidity and stability
● The mold is processed after casting, with high precision and good strength .
● Screw drive, high precision, double sliders, good stability .
● In order to ensure the accuracy and stability of the machine during operation, the backgauge adopts a screw drive method to ensure the accuracy during operation. At the same time, double guide rails are used to ensure more stable operation of the machine and minimize run out
● Compact design, more convenient installation. Use stainless steel oil tank, easy to disassemble and assemble oil pump .
● Adopt SVP servo pump system, servo motor drives fixed displacement oil pump. In addition to the hydraulic power transmission that converts the mechanical energy into the kinetic energy of the hydraulic medium, the system also has the speed of the oil cylinder controlled by the size of the pump and the speed of the servo motor. With the help of displacement sensors, the speed and position of the cylinder piston can be precisely controlled according to the required work cycle timing chart .
● Finite element analysis to get the best rigidity and weight .
● The entire machine is designed with software for finite element analysis and strict stress detection to ensure that the machine meets the load requirements during operation, while the structure is more refined and the design is more reasonable.


Conexpo 2020 2020Liming; WOC 2020 2020Liming; BAUMA 2019 Liming; World of Concrete 2019 Liming; Bauma 2016 Liming; next news previous news more news. key visual. products. EXHIBITION . Conexpo 2020. Job Site Reference . Facebook Link. Video Center . EVERDIGM Corporate Video. footer area. PRODUCT. Concrete Pumps. Boom pump; Trailer
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Grundfos water pumps remove waste and transport pure drinking water to millions of users worldwide.
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Grundfos provide people with water – day in and day out in an efficient and dependable way. Grundfos water pumps are used in a wide array of applications including residential, industrial commercial, and agricultural. We offer special designed Grundfos booster pumps to increase water pressure. Grundfos aims to be the world’s leading and most successful water pump manufacturer offering effective, reliable, energy-efficient water pump solutions.
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Bearings, Bushings and Wear/Guide Rings
Rod Ends & Joints
Pumps & Accessories
Mobile Equipment Accessories
The PRINCE valve model RD-1600 is a pilot operated check valve. This valve blocks oil from flowing from the cylinder port to the valveport until sufficient pressure is applied to the pilot port. Oil can free flow from the valve port to the cylinder port. The valve has a two stage poppet allowing smooth chatter free operation.


Flow Indicatorنوامبر 6, 2016
Vortex Flow meterنوامبر 6, 2016
Mass Flow meter
Mass Flow Meter
Mass flow meters,Thermal and Coriolis
Suitable for gas and liquids
Installation and inline models
High accuracy and response times
explosion- proof or Non-hazardous area
The advantages of this type of flow meter is Quick and easy measurements. And it is suitable for all the suffering It is widely used in industry Include: drugs, Chemical and petrochemical, oil and gas and food.
With this type of flow meter almost all liquids are measured. Detergents and solvents, fuels, vegetable oils, fatsAnimal, latex, silicone.
In conventional methods to size the mass of fluid, Density measurement is required. Actually Mass calculation has Errors. At the moment, all mass flow meters, are Doing these measurements with high accuracy. In this Flow meter, flow Fluid pressure is independent of measurable pressure.
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2. The selection of pipe materials should meet the following requirements:
1) Pure water pipes and high-purity water pipes should be made of hard polyvinyl chloride pipes, polypropylene pipes or stainless steel pipes;
2) Galvanized steel pipes should be used for cooling circulating water supply and return pipes;
3) High-quality hoses should be used for the connection of production water equipment and pipelines;
4) Corresponding materials should be used for pipe fittings.
3.Boiling water supply facilities can be installed in the clean workshop; the wash basin in the bathroom should supply hot water; the softened water and pure water pipes should be adapted to the reserved cleaning ports, and the pure water terminal purification device should be placed near the water point.
4.Sprinkler facilities should be installed around the clean workshop.


City Council, District 1
Concerns regarding adequate water supply, water quality, water costs, and prevention of water flooding are very important environmental concerns. Implementing the final version of the Water Forward plan will be essential for the next Council Member. Including Green Stormwater Infrastructure, keeping more storm water onsite, and considering porous pavement and green roofs are things that can positively impact water. I support bond dollars for flood risk reduction, drainage improvements, and acquiring water quality protection lands. Lower “lifeline” water costs for Austin customers is important.


WATER TREATMENT EQUIPMENT, SERVICES & SUPPLIES
Various systems are available for treating water to various types of usage, including potable water. Potable water systems include Hadex drinking water disinfectant - food grade, reverse osmosis, UV sterilising and disinfecting, water softener and deioniser, copper-silver ionisation system, and many others. Replacement spare parts are also available. Other types of water treatment also include ballast… More
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In the world of fluid handling and water transportation, the vertical axial flow pump stands out as a key player in delivering high performance and reliability. These innovative pumps offer a unique design that sets them apart from traditional pumps, making them ideal for various industrial and commercial applications.
Understanding Vertical Axial Flow Pumps
Vertical axial flow pumps are known for their ability to move large volumes of water vertically, with the flow direction parallel to the pump shaft. This design allows for efficient water transportation in applications such as irrigation, flood control, and water supply systems.
Benefits of Vertical Axial Flow Pumps
One of the primary advantages of vertical axial flow pumps is their ability to operate at high flow rates with low head requirements. This makes them perfect for applications where large volumes of water need to be moved efficiently. Additionally, these pumps offer enhanced energy efficiency, reducing operating costs and environmental impact.
Another key benefit of vertical axial flow pumps is their compact and space-saving design. Unlike horizontal pumps that require a significant footprint, vertical axial flow pumps can be installed in tight spaces, making them ideal for retrofitting existing systems or maximizing space utilization.
Applications of Vertical Axial Flow Pumps
Vertical axial flow pumps find widespread use in various industries, including agriculture, municipal water systems, wastewater treatment plants, and more. These pumps are particularly well-suited for applications where large volumes of water need to be transported over long distances or to higher elevations.
From dewatering construction sites to maintaining optimal water levels in reservoirs, vertical axial flow pumps play a critical role in ensuring efficient water management and distribution.
Choosing the Right Vertical Axial Flow Pump
When selecting a vertical axial flow pump for your specific application, it is essential to consider factors such as flow rate, head requirements, efficiency, and durability. Working with a trusted pump supplier like zgpumpvalve.com can help you find the perfect pump that meets your requirements and delivers reliable performance for years to come.
Vertical axial flow pumps represent the future of efficient water transportation, offering a range of benefits and applications that make them a versatile and reliable choice for various industries. Whether you need to move water for agricultural irrigation or municipal water supply, these pumps provide the performance and efficiency you need to get the job done.
Explore the world of vertical axial flow pumps and discover how these innovative pumps can revolutionize the way you handle water transportation.


111 test points of Beijing urban pipe network monitoring temperature climbing water safety is guaranteed
Original title: The temperature of the water temperature in the city is running this newspaper (Reporter Wang Tianqi) reporter learned from Beijing Yesterday, with the gradual increase in temperature, Beijing urban water supply volume has risen, urban water supply has been changed High operation state, the highest daily water supply is 3.23 million cubic meters.
The safety of water supply in urban area is safe. According to the relevant person in charge of the city’s water group, in order to ensure the scientific scientific scientific scientific water supply in the 爱上海后花园龙凤论坛 summer water peak hours, Beijing Shui Water Group Water Transportation Dispatching Center pays attention to the weather change, strengthen the water demand analysis and forecast, implement water volume and water supply trend daily meeting Commercial system, timely take measures.
Optimize the operation of each water plant and water supply pipe network by strengthening the simulation analysis of water supply pipeline network.
The urban pipe network sets 111 pressure test points, comprehensively monitoring pressure changes in real – time, and makes full use of the water factory to save the peak ability, and ensure that the central pressure is qualified, and the regional pressure is balanced.
The city’s tap water group also conducted the maintenance of water supply facilities and equipment before the peak of water. At present, 290 plans such as water plant pump, medium repair, electrical equipment maintenance, and clean water brush are completed, and concentrate on the safety inspection of pre-peak water supply, timely elimination. Safety hidden dangers of water supply facilities.
The reporter learned that with the completion of maintenance work with the Nanshi North Time Main line, the city’s tap water group will be gradually converted from the Miyun Reservoir into South Water. At present, the water plant is smooth, and the water quality is safe and reliable. In order to ensure the safety of water quality, the city’s tap water group strengthens the water quality monitoring of the raw water, factory water, and pipe network terminal users, and analyzes water quality data in time.
At the same time, strengthen the management of water quality online monitoring system, and strengthen the water quality monitoring of pipe network terminals. In the water source, the water quality online monitoring point is placed in more than 500 online monitoring points, and the whole process water quality seamless supervision from the source to the pipe network user terminal is realized. , Accurately grasp the changes in water quality to ensure the safety of the public. Summer water peak, the most fear of the damage, leakage of water, etc. At present, the city’s tall water group has been prepared for the supply of water supply pipe network, in the main road, key areas, in key areas, the water supply pipelines such as construction site, and strengthen the dynamic monitoring of management network operation. Timely repair the pipe network damage hidden danger.
The city’s tap water group arranged at the same time as an emergency personnel and equipment 24 hours, and the Group 上海龙凤按摩 Customer Service Center 96116 will also provide users with repairs, consultations, and reports all day. In addition, the reporter learned that the city’s water group is found in accordance with the early data research. Due to the Changxin store in Fengtai District, the development of the North Qing Road region of Haidian District is relatively lagging. Insufficient pressure. In this regard, the city’s tap water group has developed a special water supply security plan plan in advance, and the water supply capacity, the water supply pressure, regulating the water supply pressure, coordinating the water supply efficiency in the region, and improve the water supply efficiency in the region. At the same time, it will accelerate the progress of the construction of Fengtaihe West Third Water Factory, Haidian Yongfeng Storage Factory 逍遥网上海论坛 Project Construction, and strive to invest in an early investment, relieve regional water tension.
(Editor: Mensus, Bao Congying).


Ensure your hydraulic pumps and cylinders are performing at the best possible level with some top quality hydraulic oil all of the hydraulic fluid available here at sgs provides smooth and. Mobil shc™ 500 series synthetic hydraulic oils provide excellent wear protection for high-pressure sustainable hydraulic fluid with reduced environmental impact. How do you know if you're using the right hydraulic oil for most lubricated machines, there are plenty of options when it comes to lubricant selection just because. Are all mineral-based hydraulic oils the same fluid suppliers generally measure the oxidation performance of their hydraulic oil based on the astm d943 test. Log splitter hydraulic oil its obvious the oil companies cant develop a good hydraulic oil half, jul 8, 2013 #11 splitter77 arboristsite lurker joined.
Uk online suppliers of all hydraulics, including compression fittings, swaged fittings, hose, ferrules, swaging machines, and all other hydraulic engineering products. Award-winning, iso 9001 accredited, 80 years' experience and independent - working with 140 hydraulic manufacturers and suppliers. Crown oil are lubricant manufacturers, suppliers & oil distributors specialising in industrial lubricants & grease. Hci maintains a comprehensive inventory of hydraulic but also supplies components and application support for fluid at hydraulic controls, inc our. Pursant to my previous post of replacing the dipper hydraulic hose i need to top up the hydraulic fluid know what type of hydraulic oil oil suppliers.
Spec oil hydraulic 100 lubricants online hosts products from all the well known brand name lubricant companies and can be delivered directly to your. Shell for suppliers back shell tellus hydraulic fluids include extra-long-life changing to shell tellus s2 m hydraulic oil reduced unscheduled maintenance. Choose from aw32 aw46 aw68 hydraulic fluid oil iso32 iso46 iso68 / pack sizes 5 gallon pail bucket 55 gallon drum 275 gallon tote / ships same-day nationwide. Hydraulic oil in pressurized control systems rely on fluid pressures to actuate and control moving parts consistently these systems require the use of clean.
We carry hydraulic, pneumatic and industrial products, hydraulic supply company is a full service distributor of fluid power products and services. Hydraulic oils for mobile & stationary applications right hydraulic oil provides smoother ride for your equipment it's no industry secret: one of the best ways to.
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The opening of the intake valve when the piston moves downward in a pump is a fundamental aspect of its operation. To understand why this happens, we need to delve into the purpose and mechanism behind the intake valve’s function in relation to the piston’s motion.
The intake valve plays a crucial role in allowing the pump to draw in fluid during the suction stroke. As the piston moves downward, it creates a larger volume within the cylinder, creating a low-pressure zone. The opening of the intake valve at this moment enables the pump to take in fluid from the reservoir or the system being pressurized.
The mechanism behind the intake valve’s operation is typically based on a pressure differential. When the pressure in the cylinder drops due to the downward motion of the piston, it becomes lower than the pressure in the reservoir or system. This pressure difference causes the intake valve to open, allowing fluid to flow into the cylinder.
Once the intake valve opens, fluid enters the cylinder, filling the expanded space created by the downward movement of the piston. It is important to note that the opening of the intake valve is timed to occur precisely during the suction stroke, ensuring efficient fluid intake and preventing any backflow when the piston changes direction.
The significance of the intake valve’s operation in the overall functioning of the pump cannot be overstated. It is responsible for the intake or “inflow” phase of the pump’s cycle, allowing fluid to be drawn into the pump for subsequent pressurization and delivery. Without the intake valve opening during the downward motion of the piston, the pump would not be able to draw in fluid and fulfill its primary function of generating hydraulic pressure.
In summary, the intake valve opens when the piston moves downward in the pump to create a low-pressure zone and enable fluid intake. This mechanism relies on the pressure differential between the cylinder and the reservoir or system being pressurized. By opening at the right moment, the intake valve ensures efficient fluid intake and plays a vital role in the overall functioning of the pump by allowing it to draw in fluid for subsequent pressurization and delivery.


WEH Technologies Inc. Datasheets for Hydraulic Fittings
Hydraulic fittings are parts used to connect hoses, pipes, and tubes in hydraulic lines and systems.
Hydraulic Fittings: Learn more
|Connector for pressure and function tests on components with internal threads Special short design The type TW26 quick connector is ideal for hydraulic and pneumatic pressure and function tests on...|
|Connector for pressure and function tests on components with internal threads The type TW19 quick connector is especially designed for sealing hydraulic components with female threads in high and low...|


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The high water level continues in China's longest waterway even the flood peak was weekened by the Three Gorges Dam.
Yangtze River's flood peak reached the middle reaches of Wuhan Section on Friday, driving the water level close to the warning line. And it is expected to break the threshold on Saturday morning.
While in the lower reaches of Jiujiang Section, the water level has been above the alert line for 11 consecutive days and is expected to continue until the end of the month.


26.06.2018 | Flood Protection Scheme Nominated for Bavarian State Prize Includes EDR Participation
Following frequent flooding in recent years, the municipalities on the Schmutter and Neufnach rivers developed a flood protection scheme. One of their first measures was the construction of a flood water retention basin at Langenneufnach. EDR's Hydraulic Engineering Department undertook the design work for the retention basin and supervised its construction.
The overall project was crowned winner of the Countryside and Village Development Competition 2018. Because of its outstanding contribution to the water management of Langenneufnach, Fischach and Mickhausen, this project has now been nominated for the 2018 Bavarian State Prize.
More information www.augsburger-allgemeine.de (German)


Relief control Valve adalah jenis safety valve yang digunakan untuk mengontrol atau membatasi tekanan dalam suatu sistem. Tekanan yang menumpuk dapat menciptakan gangguan proses.
Series BD servovalves provide high resolution in the control of position, velocity and force in motion control applications.
The DF1P hydraulic control valve is the preferred choice for highest accuracy in positioning of hydraulic axis and controlling of pressure and velocity.
The VS type is a pressure relief valve to reduce temporary pressure surge in burning appliances. The shutting-off of automatic valves or non-tightly closing of regulators can cause pressure increase
This constant flow valve has been developed for control of water and chemical flows. It maintains liquid flows constant against fluctuations of both primary and secondary pressures.
Modulating valves LMV are used in combustion processes that require linear adjustment of gas flow. It can be operated with stage control or with continuous modulation (analog signals, MZ5 servomotor)
The EVRM-NC type valve is a manual reset safety valve that is normally closed. When the coil is not energized the spring works on the shutter keeping the gas passage closed.
Lenc Safety Gas Solenoid Valve (Lenc Energy) adalah Brand solenoid valve yang diproduksi oleh Guangzhou Liancheng Energy Technology Development Co Ltd, anak perusahaan dari Eacoon Group


(12) United States Patent ao) Patent No.: Us 7,347,172 B2
Strickler et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 25,2008
A hydraulic valve actuation system has a hydraulic actuator connected with a valve in an engine. The hydraulic actuator has a boost pin enclosing a drive pin in a casing. The drive pin connects with and defines a valve lash with a valve stem of the valve. The hydraulic actuator applies and releases an actuating force through the drive pin to the valve stem that selectively opens and closes the valve during engine operation. The hydraulic actuator adjusts the valve lash during one or more rest periods. By adjusting the valve lash during the rest periods, the hydraulic actuator essentially adjusts the valve lash in response to one or more of the actual physical parameters of the valve during engine operation.
9 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets


More precise and efficient water distribution
By having access to real-time data of water flows in the distribution network, water deliveries can be made with greater precision and efficiency
Build trust among
Transparency in water flows and volumes will promote greater trust between irrigators and the irrigation district.
Identify and quantify water losses
By implementing Capta CFT telemetry in major infrastructure nodes, Irrigation Districts will be able to identify water losses by sections and take action to prevent or reduce them.


Coordinated Control under Transitional Conditions in Hybrid Braking of Electric Vehicle 2018-01-1869
In the hybrid brake system of electric vehicle, due to the limitation of the motor braking force when the motor is at high speed and the failure of the regenerative braking force when the motor is at low speed, there are three transitional conditions in hybrid braking: the hydraulic brake system intervenes the braking, the hydraulic brake system withdraws the braking and the regenerative braking force withdraws the braking. Due to the response speed of the hydraulic system is slower than that of the motor, there is a large braking impact (the derivative of braking deceleration) in the transitional conditions of hybrid braking, which deteriorates the smoothness and comfort in braking. Aiming at the impact caused by the poor cooperation between the hydraulic braking force and the motor braking force, a coordinated strategy of double closed-loop feedback and motor force correction is proposed in this paper. The double closed-loop feedback strategy relies on the motor force to compensate the tracking error of hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic brake system. The purpose of the motor force correction strategy is to allow the motor to consistently have the compensation capability under all transitional conditions. Simulation and hardware in-loop test were carried out based on Integrated-electro-hydraulic brake system (I-EHB). The HIL test results show that the proposed strategy can greatly reduce the impact degree when the two kinds of braking force switch. The impact degree of hydraulic braking force intervention decreased from the initial 28.26 m/s3 to 18.39 m/s3, decreased by 34.9%, the impact degree of regenerative braking withdrawal reduced from the initial −60.94 m/s3 to 16.84 m/s3, reduced by 72.3%, which improved the comfort in vehicle braking and provided a reference for the practical application of the strategy.


Lingzhuangzi waterworks in water processing adopts drug concentration of water body method to monitor and to determine the reasonable dosage.The method first dosing and monitoring of drug concentrations,after initial dosage judging by experience,which wastes manpower and cannot guarantee the result accurately.The determined dosage must first clear streamflow,reservoir a submerged inlet for the nonstandard rectangle thinwall weir,therefore,unable to use the existing flow formula calculation flow of traffic.At the entrance of the weir,there are both free outflow and submerged outflow. To obtain a more accurate flow rate,the physical model test method was adopted,and the model with a geometric scale of 1∶5 was made according to the gravity similarity criterion for experimental research.The experiment is carried out to analyze the flow change process of the weir.The appropriate position of the weir before and after the weir at the inlet of the water plant reservoir is set up,and the corresponding physical model is made. The actual flow capacity of a rectangular thinwalled weir is reduced due to the influence of the weir plate groove.The empirical value of the flow coefficient was Cd1=0.056 9h/p+0.597,and the measured value was Cd2=0.828h/p+ 0.543 8,respectively.The free flow formula was calculated by Cd2without considering the influence of surface tension.Submerged discharge conditions can be used to scale according to different valve opening and close the valve opening as a group,the outlet valve opening corresponding to the actual engineering of the middle and lower reaches of reservoir level can be carried out on the downstream water level "sectional processing",namely the designated several water level range,as a set of each water level range,according to the flood discharge formula in the calculation,flow coefficient,different groups of corresponding parameters a and bvalues. Through the model test,the flow variation law of free flow and submerged flow of the weir in Lingzhuangzi waterworks are studied,the test results show that it is feasible to preliminarily calculate the overflow by the water level in front of the weir and behind the weir,and the calculation ideas of the flow are given respectively. Compared with the standard rectangular thinwalled weir,the weir plate groove of the water conservation weir in the waterworks reduces the free flow capacity,and the measured flow coefficient is Cd2=0.828 h/p+0.543 8.The free outflow can be calculated directly by formula using flow coefficient Cd2.When the outlet valve has a certain opening,the submerged water depth increases with the increase of the incoming flow;when the flow rate is constant,the submerged depth decreases with the increase of the opening of the outlet valve;and when the downstream valve opening is certain,the submergence coefficient Cf has a mathematical relationship with h/p,and the submergence coefficient Cf of several similar valve openings applies to the same value of a and b.Outlet valve opening corresponding to the actual engineering of the middle and lower reaches of reservoir level,according to different groups,the downstream water level giving to the flood discharge formula,refer to historical traffic data,the relationship between the primary parameter values constantly in the process of practical application to modify parameters,the accurate calculation formula can be obtained,and then the automatic control of dosage can be realized.


- 1. This product is light and handy in appearance, small in size and easy to install.
- 2.The impeller is inlaid with stainless steel beads, which is always wear-resistant.
- 3. The sealing ring adopts an upper and lower force structure and never leaks.
- 4. The Hall element is imported from Germany and is encapsulated with potting glue to prevent water ingress and never age.
- 5. All raw materials are in line with ROSH testing standards
The water flow sensor is mainly composed of a plastic valve body, a water flow rotor assembly and a Hall sensor.
It is installed at the water inlet end of the water heater to detect the water flow rate. When the water passes through the water flow rotor assembly, the magnetic rotor rotates and the speed changes with the flow rate. The Hall sensor outputs the corresponding pulse signal and feeds it back to the controller. The device judges the size of the water flow and regulates it.


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March 13, 2020
The normal operation of a small hydropower generating unit should meet the following conditions
1. The turbine shall be operated continuously for a long time in accordance with the relevant parameters of the design.
2. Do not start when the oil temperature of the turbine bearing is lower than 5 ℃, and stop supplying cooling water when the oil temperature is lower than 10 ℃.
3. The temperature of the bearing of the turbine should not exceed 60 ℃, and the maximum temperature should not exceed 70 ℃. When the bearing temperature reaches 65 ℃, a fault signal should be issued; when the bearing temperature exceeds 70 ℃, an accident trip signal should be issued and tripped. The temperature of elastic metal plastic thrust bearing bush should not exceed 55 ℃.
4. The bearing cooling water should work normally, no leakage and no abnormal sound; the temperature of the cooling water should be 5 ℃ ～ 30 ℃, and the cooling water pressure should be 0.15MPa ～ 0.3MPa.
5. When stopping, the oil level of each bearing should be near the oil level standard line, and the oil quality should meet the standard.
6. Guide vanes, guide vane arms, and shear pins should work normally.
7. The main shaft seal and guide vane bushing should be free from serious water leakage.
8. Oil, gas and water pipelines should be free of leakage and obstruction.
9. The operation of the vacuum make-up valve should be normal.
10.The swing and vibration value of each component of the unit should be within the allowable range.
11. The governor should be operated under the state of automatic control. When the governor system is unstable or malfunctions, it can be controlled manually.
12. Operation should be prohibited in the following situations:
1) The upstream and downstream water levels cannot guarantee the normal operation of the unit or the pressure pulsation of the draft tube is too large;
2) Unit vibration and swing are too large; the shear pin is sheared;
3) The oil pressure of the oil pressure device drops to the low oil pressure specified value of the accident.
13. Units with long downtime after overhaul should be put into trial operation according to actual conditions.
14. After the overhaul of the unit is put into operation, a load shedding test should be performed.
15. For units using a pressure regulating valve, the linkage between the pressure regulating valve and the governor should work normally.
16.The metering instructions should be correct.
17.Every 1h, check and record the operating conditions of the unit.


|The 50-horsepower iP3650 Jet Edge Mobile Waterjet Intensifier Pump is capable of producing of 36,000 psi (2,800 bar) of ultra-high pressure (UHP) water for mobile water jet cutting, surface preparation, water blasting and cleaning applications.
The waterjet pump utilizes a pressure-compensated hydraulic system to drive plunger style intensifiers. The use of hydraulic fluid power provides smooth flowing UHP water resulting in long system life. Reliable and precise control of the electronically shifted intensifiers ensures superior performance standards with reduced operating costs. The pump is built on a skid-mounted frame with lifting eyes and forklift guides provided for increased mobility.