Sand dunes are stunning examples of nature's artistry, and they aren't just found on Earth. This stunning set of images shows they can be found on other planets too — specifically Mars. You can see how the winds that whip across the surface of the Red Planet have sculpted a huge variety of sizes and shapes, just as winds do the same on our own planet. The dunes seen here in Noachis Terra (the name literally means “Noah's Land”) are a perfect example of this.
Just as with some dunes here on Earth, the wind moves the dunes on the floor of the Herschel crater downwind until their shape gets elongated to the point of merging with dunes beside them. To put the icing on this geological cake, nature decorates the tops of these dunes with delicate ripples and scallop shapes.
A vast vertical rock face divides the area between the layered northern polar deposits and the more southerly lands where the dunes reside. You can see their ripple effect at the bottom of the image, where they're covered in frozen carbon dioxide even though it's the Martian spring.
You'd be forgiven for thinking this was a close-up image of reptilian skin, or even the tissue of some gruesomely infected body part. You might, then, be surprised to find out that it is, in fact, an image of Martian polar sand dunes. The white is frozen carbon dioxide (dry ice) and the darker flecks are composed of basaltic sand. During Martian spring the ice sublimates (meaning it turns directly to gas without ever melting into liquid), which brings some of this dark sand up to lie on the surface of the ice. Scientists believe that these deposits formed at the same time, due to the fact that they're all in similar shapes and directions.
This stunning image of the Victoria Crater shows that beauty can even be created by a devastating cosmic event. The edge patterns are from debris falling from the sides into the crater and the neat pool of ripples in the center are sand dunes covering the floor.
Namibia has some of the highest and largest sand dunes in the world. This image from ASTER (the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) shows Northern Namibian dunes, which are often colored red, running in eerily-ordered patterns across the entire expanse.
The Thar Desert is a huge expanse in Northwest India and Eastern Pakistan. The sand dunes are prone to shifting due to high-velocity winds, which has caused problems when the sand dunes have shifted and blocked roadways. Some effort has been made to stop this by planting trees and shrubs, which give the dunes more structural stability with their roots.
The carbonate sand dunes in Tarpum Bay, Bahamas look like beautiful blue satin in shallow waters. The erosion of limestone coral reefs supply the sand that is then carved into the soft patterns by the ocean current.
The Richat structure in Mauritania's Sahara Desert is known for its resemblance to an eye, but it's also well known for its large fields of sand dunes. In this image you can see that the dunes stop before the cliff on the right hand side as winds from the northeast clear sand from the base of the cliff. It's incredible how this image looks so otherworldly but is, in fact, on Earth. It certainly wouldn't be out of place on the cover of a sci-fi novel.
This may look like an impressionist's study of a lake but in actuality, it is an image of barchan sand dunes in Kandahar, Afghanistan. Barchan dunes are arc-faced and have two horns on the downwind side. You can tell the winds are from the west in this section from the direction of the dunes.
The Bodele sand dunes in Chad, Africa are used by scientists to calculate the speed at which sand dunes migrate. This information is often used to understand the impact wind has on dry landscapes. Images are taken in increments of anything between one month and 6.5 years and have proved that these dunes are among the fastest moving on Earth!
This is another image of Mars that shows dark basalt sand dunes in a crater. As the ice-covered dunes defrost, the underlying basalt is exposed. The defrosting is simply frozen carbon dioxide changing to gas as the Martian spring warms the surface.
Both light-toned bedrock and darker material containing sand dunes appear in this image, which looks astonishingly like the wall of a cave. It is the Ganges Mensa on Mars, and scientists use images like this to determine the strengths and age of surface material. Impact craters are more apparent in the veneer of sand dunes than the bedrock below, which is smoother — an apparent paradox, as the bedrock has to be older than the sand layer. The answer lies in the structure of the bedrock: It crumbles more easily, and impact craters are smoothed over faster than in the sand.


There are many ways you can
represent, and expose children to brain teasers, here are a few suggestions:
1. Teachers can provide a brainteaser to get mental juices flowing in the morning activities. This practice creates an atmosphere of learning and helps students get ready to learn and into a mind frame that is conducive to learning.
2. By the middle of a school day, students often begin to tire.
Teachers can use brain teasers as a refocus break between long
stretches of work.
3. Parents can encourage family puzzle solving. Encourage family game night
by providing kids with puzzles that they can complete with all the family. This
practice creates an opportunity for family together time and allows students to
demonstrate their masterful puzzle solving abilities to their loved ones.
4. As kids become more adept at the solving of
brainteasers, engage them in discussing how they solved each puzzle. Prompt students with questions such as "What did you do
first?" or "How did you reach that answer?"
5. Teachers can use brainteasers as a means of evaluating student
understanding by creating puzzles that are directly related to the curriculum.
6. Once kids are familiar with various puzzle forms, allow them to create
Puzzles, teasers and
brain games can liven up any lesson and encourage students' active engagement
in the learning process, try and use
them as much as you can.


Hurricane Dorian was the strongest storm to ever hit the Bahamas, on top of the fact that Dorian is now tied with the “Labor Day Hurricane of 1935” for the strongest Atlantic storm to hit land, with wind speeds in the 185 mph range. Now we are just seeing the damage that has been done to Abaco and the Great Bahama islands, with pictures showing tens of thousands of homes businesses destroyed and gone. An unknown number of people dead, with families still searching for their loved ones, and a clean up and rebuilding process that may take years, maybe decades, before the islands return to their former glory.
The ecosystem of the country has also taken a huge hit as scientists are concerned and worried about the Bahamian pineyards, which hosted many animals whose species are fighting for survival, including the critically endangered Bahama Nuthatch that only had two living specimens before Dorian. Hurricane Matthew in 2016 damaged the species’ population. The Bahama Warbler and Kirtland’s Warbler are also thought to be in danger after the storm.
We asked the question about why this happened, and why did the storm just slow down and pound the Bahamas as it did for three days straight? In the recent National Climate Assignment, it was found that due to climate change over time, hurricanes and cyclones are only bound to get much larger and powerful, along with other recent research from the NPJ Climate and Atmospheric Science finding that these same storms are bound to take a similar path compared to Hurricane Dorian. A slow down that leads to the hurricane and cyclones having a near stoppage over land, leading to destruction levels equal to if you just dropped a bomb in the area every hour over a few days.
We still need to look into the connection between hurricanes and climate change, but longer-lasting storms as powerful as Dorian, which by the way is still a category 1 hurricane heading towards Canada as of press time, is something we don’t need for our planet. Most of us already know the blueprint for helping our planet, so why not use the plans? We mourn over the Bahamas, and thoughts are with the families that lost everything. If you want to donate to help the people of the Bahamas, the Red Cross and Salvation Army websites are taking donations along with the government of the Bahamas taking direct donations as well.


An engine hoist is a device used to remove and install an engine in a passenger car or truck. Commonly referred to as a cherry picker, one of the most used engine hoist designs commonly uses a hydraulic cylinder attached to a steel frame with a hook hanging down from the top. An adjustable upper boom allows the engine hoist’s reach potential to be adjusted, while optional folding legs allow the tool to be stored against a wall or out of the way when not in use. Other versions of the hoist consist of chain falls, come-along pullers and electric cable hoist.
To complete many different types of automobile engine or transmission repairs, the engine must often be removed from the vehicle. This is accomplished through the use of an engine hoist. On many vehicles, once the engine is disconnected from the chassis mounts, electrical harness and other fluid lines, an engine hoist can be attached to the engine by a lifting bracket or chains and lifted up and out of the vehicle. On many front-wheel drive vehicles, however, the engine requires removal from underneath the chassis. In this situation, the body is commonly blocked in an elevated position while the engine is lowered out of the chassis by an engine hoist.
When an overhead beam, tree limb or rafters are available, the come-along hoist, chain falls or electric cable winch can often be used to pull or replace an engine. When there is no overhead support present, the cherry picker is the best tool for the job. One set-back for the cherry picker is that the use of this type of engine hoist requires a solid floor in which to operate on. Soft ground will allow the picker’s wheels or casters to sink into the ground, preventing the cherry picker from easily being pulled out and away from the vehicle with the engine suspended in air.
The cherry picker can be positioned on a heavy sheet of plywood covering soft ground to allow the engine hoist to be pulled out and maneuvered under the vehicle. One precaution to take whenever using any type of engine hoist is to avoid leaving an engine hanging from the hoist for prolonged periods of time. The constant stress of the engine hanging unsupported from the hoist can lead to premature failure of the hoist, including damage to the engine from a sudden drop to the floor or ground.


“My hope and wish is that, one day, formal education will pay attention to what I call education of the heart. Just as we take for granted the need to acquire proficiency in the basic academic subjects, I am hopeful that a time will come when we can take for granted that children will learn, as part of the school curriculum, the indispensability of inner values such as love, compassion, justice and forgiveness.” - Dalai Lama
The Heart-Mind Summit was held in Vancouver British Columbia last October.
The Dalai Lama has inspired and challenged British Columbians to "be the village" that educates the hearts of children and youth in our lives. Heart-Mind learning has been proven to not only improve the well-being of children, but it also improves academic performance.
The Dalai Lama says that our care for others is rich and powerful when we are young because we see no differences between those around us and ourselves. We care for others as we would care for ourselves. However, somewhere down the line as we go through school and enter adulthood we lose this innate sense of compassion. He wonders why.
He argues that in the past, this perhaps made sense. Practically, it may have once been wise to focus on yourself rather than others as a matter of self-preservation. But the Dalai Lama believes that this time has passed. Today, not only is it unecessary to think only of yourself – we don't face the same day-to-day dangers we once did – but it is imperative that we build a deep caring for others.
The Dalai Lama says this begins at home and in the schools. He believes parents and educators have a unique ability to nurture the positive human qualities children are born with – affection, sense of community, a sense of social responsibilty.
He knows it can't be done with a flip of a switch, but the Dalai Lama suggests that if even one person takes this message of "educating the hearts" into his or her everyday life, then that one person can turn into 10, then into 100 and so on. He believes we all have the power to start this ripple effect.
The Dalai Lama paints a powerful picture when he says this is not just a well-intentioned ideal. It is the very essence of the "survival of humanity".
-- Watch The Heart-Mind Youth Dialogue at John Oliver Secondary School in Vancouver
-- Read the "Reflection Journal"
At the 2014 Heart-Mind Summit, the Dalai Lama and Dr. Kim Schonert-Reichl discuss the many benefits of incorporating programs and practices that promote Heart-Mind well-being into the education system, and the great work that has already been done in British Columbia.


Anyone who has ever experienced an outage of their land-line telephone, cable connection or electricity when storms or high winds have hit have reaped the benefits of how a bucket truck can save time for linemen who must repair damaged lines for their company.
Companies and the industries listed above that they represent are greatly dependent upon the help provided by this versatile vehicle for repairing overhead lines and cables. It’s safe to say that everyone benefits from the service of bucket trucks. So what is the history behind this handy vehicle – and where is the future for it heading?
The first version of the bucket truck was known as a “cherry picker” and came out during the early 1900’s, just about the same time as the use of internal combustion engines became widely accepted. The principle used on the vehicle’s lift goes back to its application by the Romans. They used structures that are identical to our modern cranes and lifts of today.
In the Orchard – and Beyond
Despite its popularity these days as a maintenance vehicle, the bucket truck didn’t begin life in the garage of an electric company. On the contrary, it evolved from a vehicle know as the “cherry picker”. During harvesting season, trucks equipped with platforms that could be lifted were used for harvesting fruit from high up on the trees. The platform served as a safe ground for the worker while harvesting. Although conventional ladders were originally used for fruit harvesting, ‘cherry pickers’ were much safer to use. The platform was wide enough for workers to move around with less danger of falling.
Another advantage from this new invention was the minimal risk to tree damage; ladders placed against the trees for workers to climb up to harvest the fruit frequently damaged the tree trunk. With this new vehicle, the platform could be conveniently positioned near yet right above the tree without disturbing it at all. It was a further convenience because relocation from one tree to the other was so much easier with this motorized platform version. Although the name ‘cherry picker’ was a misnomer since cherries were not the only fruit harvested, that name stuck with the truck for a long time.
It didn’t take long for other industries to adapt the ‘cherry picker’ to their own usage. The electric utility company in particular found it to be a virtual blessing to the repair of damaged utility lines. It made the work of their employees easier, faster and much safer than the previous method of climbing a telephone pole and ‘hanging’ from it to complete any task!
Additional industries that picked up on and adapted their own versions of this vehicle are: forestry; sign and light; house painting and window washing; mining and construction industries to name a few. The application of different uses for this vehicle is virtually endless. As long as the task involves heights and requires a high degree of safety, then the bucket truck is the right truck for the job.
The current design for the bucket truck is the same and yet it is very different. The boom is still housed on a basic truck frame and still retains its basic functions. The difference here is the addition of an articulated boom to the design as well as varying locations for the boom on the body depending upon the needs of a particular industry.
The biggest difference in design lies in the vehicle’s safety features. New bucket truck designs are significantly safer to use. Modern versions have insulated buckets to protect workers from electrocution risks when handling electric wires. Outriggers have been added to give a much greater measure of stability during any operation. These are just a few of safety features added to decrease risks when using these vehicles.
Thoughts of the Future
Due to the ever-increasing oil prices, operating a bucket truck gets more and more expensive. In answer to this change, design has evolved toward “green” bucket trucks that can save the owner/operator usage costs as well as make it friendlier to the environment. The hybrid version is an answer to vehicle function that allows saving of operational costs with an electric motor to operate the boom. Making the size smaller is making the vehicle more efficient while making it more compact and supplementing its function with additional features.
The future of the bucket truck reflects its evolution from a ‘cherry picker’ to the modern hybrid vehicle of today. Future designs will continue to reflect the manufacturers’ response to the needs of the industries that rely upon this practical and reliable vehicle. It has indeed come a long way from its humble orchard beginnings!


Science Offerings & Events
January 2015 – December 2015
Enhancing understanding, advancing discovery
Since the 1890s, Garden scientists have traveled far and wide to better understand plants and fungi, their relationship to their environments, and their many uses by people around the world. Enjoy an insider’s view of this important work:
- Science Exhibitions
- Britton Science Rotunda and Gallery. Ten exhibit cases present research stories involving mushrooms, blueberries, lichens, mosses, cycads, rice, Brazil nuts, squashes, vanilla orchids, and ferns. Audiovisual components available here
- Britton Gallery Talks
Visitor-oriented exhibitions showcasing scientific activity at the Garden highlight the beauty, science, and uses of plants and fungi.
Intimate conversations with Garden scientists about a typical day of work include behind-the-scenes tours of Science facilities. Gallery Talks Exclusive to Members.


Visual art in the period following World War II witnessed enormous transformations. Drawing provides a powerful and vigorous device for reexamining the spirit and achievements of the postwar era - for renewing appreciation of the extraordinary achievements of well-known artists and for discovering others. Despite the radical departures and shifts in the art of these years, drawing, among the most traditional of mediums, played a crucial role in the work of many of the most significant artists, including Jackson Pollock, Jasper Johns, Claes Oldenburg, Joseph Beuys, and many others. Drawing from the Modern, 1945 - 1975, the second of three chronological volumes, surveys the drawing of the period through the unparalleled holdings of the drawings collection of The Museum of Modern Art. Includes 166 color illustrations.


Your Parents Were Wrong About This Childhood Hobby Rotting Your Brain
All of those late nights playing Nintendo were actually really good for your brain, according to science.
As anyone who owned a Sega Genesis or Super Nintendo in the 1990s will tell you, the constant battle with parents for just "five more minutes" of screen time needed to beat that level 14 boss was a never-ending one. But new research has shown that those hours spent playing video games may not actually have been rotting your brain, as your mom or dad warned. In fact, if you spent your childhood playing Sonic and Super Mario, you were secretly priming your memory for the rest of your life, the new study says.
The month-long research, which was conducted at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya in Spain and published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, examined the cognitive skills of 27 young adults between the ages of 18 and 40 while playing Nintendo's classic Super Mario 64. "People who were avid gamers before adolescence, despite no longer playing, performed better with the working memory tasks, which require mentally holding and manipulating information to get a result," researcher Marc Palaus, PhD, writes in the published report.
Palaus explains that far from damaging our brains, video games are actually a challenge for growing minds, and their increasing difficulty is what makes them so enticing.
"Video games are a perfect recipe for strengthening our cognitive skills, almost without our noticing," he writes.
Much research has been done on video games and their effect on the brain, with many finding that they can have positive effects. A 2017 study—also helmed by Palaus—found that patients who underwent a video game training program saw the hippocampus sections of their brains grow larger. The study also found that avid gamers show improvements in both sustained and selective attention.
But don't go gloating to your parents just yet. Another study conducted at the University of Montreal in 2017 found that MRIs conducted on the brains of avid gamers who spent 19 hours or more a week on their consoles playing action-themed games had significantly less gray matter.
Still, those conducting that study say it's not so much video games in general but the type of game that matters. "If I had to recommend a type of video game to someone, it would be a 3-D platform or logic puzzle game," Gregory West, PhD, the author of the study, told NPR. "The evidence is clear at this point that these games can be beneficial for the brain." And for more on how to get the most out of your neurons, check out Just This Many Minutes of Exercise Will Boost Your Brain, Study Says.


The Rise of New Right Conservatism History Lab is designed for students in US History who are studying the 1970s - 1980s. During the lab, students examine eight sources to address the following focus question:
What issues galvanized and united the conservative movement in the 1970s and 1980s?
Students share their interpretations by creating a class list of issues that galvanized and united the conservative movement. Groups are tasked with ranking those issues and defending their rankings with evidence from the documents. Students' learning from the lab is assessed with an assignment in which students individually write a letter from the perspective of one of the groups making up the conservative coalition of the 1970s/1980s to the Republican National Committee.


Chemicals & Public Disclosure
In 1986, Congress enacted the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA). EPCRA established requirements for federal, state and local governments, tribes, and industry regarding emergency planning and "community right-to-know" reporting on hazardous and toxic chemicals. The community right-to-know provisions of EPCRA are the most relevant part of the law for shale gas producers. These provisions help i
Section 313 of EPCRA authorizes EPA’s Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), which is a publicly available database that contains information on toxic chemical releases and waste management activities reported annually by certain industries as well as federal facilities. EPA issues a list of industries that must report releases for the database. To date, EPA has not included oil and gas extraction as an industry that must report under TRI. This is not an exemption in the law. Rather it is a decision by EPA that this industry is not a high priority for reporting under TRI. Part of the rationale for this decision is based on the fact that most of the information required under TRI is already reported by producers to state agencies that make it publicly available. Also, TRI reporting from the hundreds of thousands of oil and gas sites would overwhelm the existing EPA reporting system and make it difficult to extract meaningful data from the massive amount of information submitted.
While shale gas production facilities do not normally store the materials subject to EPCRA reporting, a limited number of chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process - such as hydrochloric acid - are classified as hazardous under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) which requires reporting of releases into the environment of these materials. Further, EPCRA section 304 requires reporting of releases to the environment of certain materials. This includes releases of products used in oil and gas production that exceed reporting thresholds, even if those products are exempt from CERCLA reporting. These chemicals may be brought on site for a few days, at most, during fracturing or work‐over operations. Businesses must report non‐permitted releases—into the atmosphere, surface water, or groundwater—of any listed chemical above threshold amounts, known as the "reportable quantity", to federal, state, and local authorities. Therefore, while every precaution is taken to prevent chemical spills, in the event of an accidental release above the reportable quantity, a report would be made to these authorities by the operator.
In addition to federal disclosure laws, many states have developed or are developing public disclosure rules related to hydraulic fracturing. These states include Wyoming, Pennsylvania, Arkansas, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Montana, West Virginia, Idaho, and North Dakota. Although the content of these rules differs, the intent of each is to provide the public with information about the chemicals being used to fracture wells. The changes in state public disclosure laws are occuring so fast that posting a comprehensive list of all states contemplating or preparing laws in this area is not possible as it would change on a frequent basis.


This guide was created for students who are studying Mathematics at UHWO.
This guide contains links to access library resources (books, e-books, scholarly journal articles, and electronic research databases) and other sources on the web.
In regards to UHWO resources, many of these resources are RESTRICTED by license to UHWO students, faculty and staff only. If you are affiliated with UHWO, you can access restricted resources from any Internet connection whether in the library or off campus. If accessing any of the electronic databases from off campus, you will need to log in with your UH username and password.
This guide is not comprehensive; it does not include all of the library resources that might be relevant to a particular topic. Please feel free to contact a librarian to schedule an individual research consultation for further help with your topic.
The UHWO Library has a subscription to Films on Demand, a database with over 5000 streaming videos in many different subject areas. The clip below is from documentary called Building Mathematical Competencies in Early Childhood.


Data Scientist Job Overview Data scientists require a mix of skills that can be utilized in the modern tech world, ...
Data Scientist Job Overview
Data scientists require a mix of skills that can be utilized in the modern tech world, although the role itself is still being defined as duties and responsibilities evolve. For the most part, data scientists are charged with driving initiatives to improve a user's website experience in addition to website monetization, all while delivering analytics that can help companies better understand user engagement. They may focus on optimizing performance platforms, ensuring the maximum amount of revenue is being produced per impression, or working on a team to scale and refine data management procedures. Responsibilities will vary by company, but data scientists should be masters of analysis.
Data Scientist Job Education Requirements
Data scientists work with large amounts of data, so they must have advanced math, programming, and statistics skills in order to apply their analytic powers. Obtaining the right skills can be achieved through self-learning courses, but many employers prefer applicants to have a relevant degree. For the most part, though, employers want to hire data scientists with real-world skills, so it's important to aim for technical know-how.
Data Scientist Job Market
Predictions have shown that the United States will face a major shortage of people with advanced analytical skills within just a few short years. This should lead to a higher demand for data and information scientists who are masters of analysis. It also means enjoying a stable, lucrative career.
Data Scientist Job Salary Information
Like the top IT professionals, data scientists enjoy an impressive starting pay. In fact, entry-level professionals that work in Silicon Valley have seen six-figure starting salaries. The minimum pay for data scientists is about $76,000 per year, which is still an impressive figure. The highest paid professionals enjoy an annual income of nearly $150,000.


I have had the pleasure of sharing many of Ms. Carnazzo’s creations in the techchef4u kitchen and thought it was about time I took a trip to her classroom. Yolanda and I had the opportunity to observe Carnazzo in action and assist a group in completing their Seasons project. The weather that day was quite fitting as neither one of us were dressed nor prepared for the torrential downpour.
The first thing I noticed was her classroom management. All students were on task, at a level 0, and were working on the assignment that they were expected to complete. Before the activity, Ms. Carnazzo (2nd grade teacher) reviewed the task and the CHAMP’s Expectations for student behavior. Then students were then split up into 4 groups. One group worked with Ms. Carnazzo on the carpet finalizing their script and storyboard while the others worked quietly at their desks doing independent work. Each group was responsible for a different season.
Science 2.8B: Identify the importance of weather and seasonal information to make choices in clothing, activities and transportation.
Beforehand: Before we arrived, small groups had researched info on their season using BrinpopJr videos and the Science text to describe their seasons citing the following elements:
- Typical weather/temperature
- Types of clothing to wear
- Activities appropriate for that weather
- Kinds of transportation they might use (e.g. to get to school)
Groups had also discussed and written ideas for their Puppet Pals video using the provided Storyboard template. Ms. Carnazzo had pre-selected a seasonal image background from both Puppet Pals Director’s Pass app and Doodle Buddy’s background gallery.
During Class: Small groups worked with the teacher (and Yolanda and myself) to:
- Finalize their Puppet Pals ideas
- Practice their presentations without actually recording (took several run-throughs)
- Record their video (as time permits)
Logistics: Groups not working with a teacher had another weather activity to work on quietly at their desk. In working with a group first-hand I discovered a few things:
- You can only practice the script a couple of times before the students start losing interest. I found the best course of action was to practice once or twice with the script, record a rough draft, listen to it, and record one more, and then choose the best of the two.
- Passing around the script and the iPad causes a bit of background noise. I found if I held the iPad and handed it to each child when it was their time to speak, some of the noise of moving the iPad was reduced.
- The Puppet Pals video file is too large to email. Since the students recorded their show on my device and not Ms. Carnazzo’s, I had one of two options: upload to YouTube as a private file and then download from there, or pull it off when I synced my device at home.
If you are interested in how to manage an iClassroom or how to purposefully integrate 1 iPad in to a classroom, tune in Thursday March 1st at 3:30pm as the famous Lisa Carnazzo will be our guest “The 1 iPad Classroom“. If you missed the live show, check it out in iTunes the next day.


The Ocean Cleanup Project continues. The new system aims to clean both oceans and rivers
The Dutch organization’s goal is to clean the world’s 1,000 most polluting rivers by 2025.
About 1,000 rivers is responsible for 80% of the ocean pollution. Therefore, it is crucial to clean both oceans and especially rivers. The Ocean Cleanup, a non-profit organization, aims to tackle this issue using its latest system.
“To truly rid the oceans of plastic, we need to both clean up the legacy and close the tap, preventing more plastic from reaching the oceans in the first place. Combining our existing technology with the new Interceptor will do the job,“ said Boyan Slat, the innovator and founder of The Ocean Cleanup .
How does it work
From the outside, the Interceptor resembles a ship or a boat. From the inside, it’s been designed to suit its purpose, i.e. to extract the plastics from rivers.
A barrier is used to intercept the plastic and other forms of pollution, carrying it onto the conveyor belt, which continuously distributes the waste to special dumpsters placed on the Interceptor.
The innovators were well-prepared for the efficient filling of the dumpsters too. A smart system recognizes which dumpster is not full and decides which one to fill with the waste.
As the Interceptor constantly follows the natural current of the river, the debris collection is even more efficient. The Interceptor is solar-powered. Should the Interceptor stop, it depends on the current of the river to carry off the trash to the collection system.
The waste is moved to the dumpsters on a conveyor belt. Retrieved from: Theoceancleanup.com
The built-in Li-ion batteries allow the Interceptor to be deployed in the night time. Thanks to special parts, the vessels will reach higher energy capacity and prevent noise transmission and dissemination of gases.
The potential wave of skepticism about the new system is proven wrong with more innovative solutions. Although the Interceptor moves autonomously, it can also be monitored from the land. The internet-connected onboard computer allows us to monitor the machine performance, energy use, and state of the components. And there is more!
Retrieved from: Theoceancleanup.com
The special barrier, guiding plastics towards the conveyor belt, was designed not to interfere with other vessels’ routes in order not to pose any threats to the vessels and sea animals.
When everything goes according to the plan, the Interceptor can extract 50,000 kilograms of plastic per day. Under ideal conditions, even 100,000kg! When the dumpsters are full, the trash is moved for recycling.
Placement of Interceptor
As Boyan Slat already mentioned, he wants to use the Interceptor collection boat to clean world's 1,000 most polluting rivers. These, however, amount to only 1% of watercourses but cause 80% of the ocean pollution.
In order to start the cleaning as soon as possible, four Interceptors have been deployed since their commencement on October, 2019. One of them is currently placed on the Klang River, Malaysia. The second one helps to clean the rivers in Jakarta which suffers from huge amounts of plastic both in the water and on the land.
The third Interceptor is going to extract waste from the delta of the Mekong River, Vietnam and the last one in Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic.
The deployed Interceptor in Jakarta. Retrieved from: Theoceancleanup.com
Furthermore, agreements are being made to deploy more Interceptors. Bangkok and LA County have already expressed interest in placing the Interceptors in their respective territories.
How it all started
Boyan Slat was only 18 years of age when he came up with the idea of cleaning the oceans. Shortly after, in 2013, The Ocean Cleanup was founded. Its main milestone was an innovative device with 600-metres-long float and a “veil” capturing the plastic.
The first prototype, System 001, was, however, returned to shore as the constructors encountered challenges with the float speed and construction-related flaws. The prototype has been redesigned and placed in the polluted Great Pacific Garbage Patch between Hawaii and California again.
Prototype of the Interceptor system to clean oceans. Retrieved from: Facebook/TheOceanCleanup
The improved System 001/B was proven, allowing the experts could begin to design System 002. All modifications learned during the tests of the System 001/B have been implemented when the system development developed.
Just like the Interceptor, System 002 is also solar-powered. After the capture, the plastics will return to the land for recycling. The Ocean Cleanup's goal is to clean 90% of the world's oceans by 2040 using this system.
Formerly the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world used to have an area of 67,000km2. The area shrunk to one fourth of its original area.
Following list shows rivers all around the world you don’t want to bath in, nor look at. Municipal waste and toxic contamination have already...
For several months, Hydrotech has intensively dealt with pilot plant testing of food industry waste water with high concentrations of organic...


Do baby noses change?
A toddler nose is always changing.
Fully-formed adult features would look a little strange on your sweetie’s small head. The nose is a feature that continues to grow right through your tot’s teenage years.
Do toddlers noses change shape?
Your nose does grow with age, but only up to a certain point. After that, it may change size and shape—not because it’s growing, but because of changes to the bone, cartilage, and skin that give your nose form and structure.
When does a child’s nose bridge form?
Nasal height and nasal bridge length became fully mature in males at 15 years and fully mature in females at 12 years.
Do babies inherit big noses?
It is almost certainly controlled by more than one gene. This usually means there isn’t any simple dominant trait which means all bets are off for your kids’ nose shapes. A wide range from broad to narrow are probably possible.
What shape of nose is most attractive?
What is the most attractive nose shape? Beauty is of course subjective, but a Greek, or straight, nose is traditionally considered the most attractive nose shape.
Do babies have a nose bridge?
The bridge of the nose isn’t there at birth – it grows later – so babies have a small `button’ nose.
Do babies get their nose from Mom or Dad?
However, according to new research, the nose is the part of the face we’re most likely to inherit from our parents. Scientists at King’s College, London found that the shape of the tip of your nose is around 66% likely to have been passed down the generations.
Is it possible for a baby to not look like the parents?
“Children in general do not look enough like their parents for a resemblance to be detected,” researchers from the University of California at San Diego report in today’s issue of the journal Nature, “with the one exception that one-year-olds look like their fathers.”


[′blēd‚thrü] (graphic arts) Of items printed on both sides, the obtrusive show-through of printed matter from one side to the other.
Bleed-through occurs when a paper is too thin or too absorbent. The barrier on our lenticular products is made of poly-film and paper, making it great for preventing bleed-through. Show-through level depends on the opacity of the paper, mostly affected by its thickness. A thicker paper will naturally have less show-through. The backside imprint blends through the front side of the lenticular prints. By adding barriers on the backside with opaque print or lamination of poly film or and paper will block the blend through 100%.
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Fluidised Bed Combustion is a technology developed for low value, variable moisture content fuels. It’s typically used in large power plants, but BHSL have developed it for on farm applications.
How It Works
A normal diesel burner raises the combustion chamber up to operating temperature, then the manure is dropped onto a bed of sand and combustion starts. The diesel is no longer needed after start-up – the plant can operate using only manure.
The BHSL fluidised bed has been proven to accept a wide range of forest and agricultural biomass fuels. To aid combustion maximum air recirculation is used.
The combustion chamber (furnace) is equipped with a gas oil burner used for start-up purposes and to support combustion in the event of abnormal or upset conditions.
The furnace has been designed to ensure that the fuel conversion to heat energy is complete and with a minimum of undesirable emissions. The furnace is lined with refractory designed to withstand the operating temperatures.
Primary air is released into the sand bed through a system of nozzles. In order to achieve clean combustion and ensure minimal harmful flue gas emissions BHSL’s furnace and bed design targets an energy release that ensures bed temperature stability and good flue gas residence times.
Poultry manure is directed from the buffer hopper down a chute and falls by gravity onto the fluidised bed. The larger and heavier particles of the fuel are absorbed into the bed and combusted. Lighter fractions tend to dry and combust above the bed.
Combustion temperatures above the bed and in the upper furnace zone (freeboard) are constantly monitored and the results are utilised for combustion control programming inputs as well as ensuring that minimum combustion temperatures are maintained for destruction of pathogens that may arise from the biomass fuel.
The ‘seething’ mass of hot sand has excellent thermal properties. If manure is presented which is particularly wet, then this can be broken up and the ‘thermal shock’ can be spread within the sand very quickly. The combustion is reliable, even when the quality of the fuel is not.
There are limits to every process of course, and broiler manure must typically have a Moisture Content of less than 45% (it can be higher for short periods) to be reliably processed. Improved growing conditions on BHSL sites result in average moisture
content lower that 45%.


We are now well into America’s Second Gilded Age. The First Gilded Age was the era of industrial capitalism that begins in the 1870s and 1880s and continued through the first years of the 20th century, ultimately giving way to the reforms of the Progressive Era. The First Gilded Age produced huge fortunes, political corruption and vast inequalities of wealth, so much so that people became concerned that they would endanger American democracy.
The Second Gilded Age begins, more or less, with the beginning of the digital revolution in the mid-1980s, but it really takes off in the early years of the Internet Age in the mid to late 1990s, and it continues to the present day characterized by the rise of social media, and the development and implementation of algorithms, artificial intelligence, and robotics. For this reason I call our present era the Algorithmic Society.
If the First Gilded Age is the age of industrial capitalism, the Second Gilded Age is the age of digital or informational capitalism. It too has produced great fortunes and led to concerns that increasing concentrations of wealth and economic inequality are endangering American democracy. Like the First Gilded Age, it is also a time of deep political corruption and despair about the future of American democracy. It has not yet produced a second Progressive Era, yet every day I see signs that this is where we are headed.
There is a large literature criticizing the judicial doctrines of the First Amendment, and how they are slanted toward the interests of corporations (and capital generally) in the Second Gilded Age. The most obvious examples are the federal courts’ recent decisions on commercial speech and campaign finance regulation. These are interesting and important topics, but they are not the subject of this blog post.
My focus here is on the political economy of free speech in the digital age. The basic question is this: How does our political and economic system pay for a digital public sphere? It pays for it largely through digital surveillance and through finding ever new ways to make money out of personal data. Digital capitalism in the Second Gilded Age features an implicit bargain: a seemingly unbounded freedom to speak in exchange for the right to surveil, govern, and manipulate end-users.
The recent Facebook/Cambridge Analytica controversy is a characteristic scandal of the Second Gilded Age. That is because it laid bare how social media companies make their money and how they shape the public sphere in the process. The scandal also reveals a basic problem of freedom of speech in the Second Gilded Age: Digital privacy undergirds our freedom of expression, but the way we pay for freedom of expression perpetually threatens our digital privacy. This is the irony of the digital era: An era that promised unbounded opportunities for freedom of expression is also an era of increasing digital control and surveillance. The same technological advances allow both results. The infrastructure of digital free expression is also the infrastructure of digital surveillance.
The First Amendment plays a role in this story, but not the role that you might expect. One of the interesting features of the digital age is that the protection of freedom of expression has begun to detach from the judicial doctrines of the First Amendment, so that, as interpreted by courts, the First Amendment is increasingly irrelevant to the protection of freedom of speech online.
Why is that? Well, much of our practical ability to speak online depends on an infrastructure of digital communication—broadband companies, domain name registrars and registries, webhosting services, caching and security services, search engines, and social media companies. That infrastructure is owned and operated by private parties, not by the state. Thus, in most cases, the businesses that provide the digital infrastructure of free expression are not state actors bound by the First Amendment. If we want to protect the privacy and freedom of speech of digital speakers from overreaching by digital media companies, the First Amendment will not be our primary line of defense. Nor will the Fourth Amendment, or the rest of the Bill of Rights, for that matter.
Where the First Amendment is often most relevant, sadly, is in a different context. The First Amendment—or more correctly, judicially created doctrines of the First Amendment—may be a potential obstacle to laws that would try to regulate the owners of private infrastructure to protect freedom of speech and privacy. One example would be first amendment attacks on network neutrality. A second would be first amendment defenses against privacy regulations on the ground that data is speech and the analysis, sale, and distribution of data is protected by the First Amendment. The United States has not yet passed comprehensive digital privacy regulation, but when it tries to, I expect that companies will make precisely this kind of argument against passage; and they will probably use the First Amendment to challenge any such legislation in the federal courts.
In short, the First Amendment, as currently interpreted by federal courts, may be of relatively little help in securing the practical ability to speak through the privately-owned digital infrastructures of communication. To be sure, the First Amendment may be of limited help when the state tries to employ privately-owned infrastructure as its tool for speech regulation and surveillance—what I refer to below as “new-school” speech regulation. But in some cases the judicially created doctrines of the First Amendment—wrongly interpreted and extended—may actually be a positive hindrance to freedom of speech online.
Re-engineering the First Amendment for the twenty-first century will mean more than deciding whether coverage or protection should be extended or contracted in particular areas, whether state action should be expanded, whether doctrinal tests should be replaced, and so on. It will require a holistic approach to the institutions and practices that protect freedom of speech and expression in the algorithmic society. The structure of judicial doctrine remains essential but it is only one part of the story. We must adapt judicial doctrine to free-speech protecting structures, institutions, and reforms elsewhere in the system of free expression.
We might make an analogy to the protection of economic freedom at the turn of the 20th century. The Progressive Era and New Deal’s response to police power jurisprudence wasn’t simply eliminating constitutional protections for freedom of contract; it also involved recognizing that substantive economic freedom requires the creation of institutions (like labor unions) and government investment in infrastructure (like social insurance programs, educational institutions, and public works) necessary to give people practical economic freedom. Many if not most of these reforms operated outside of constitutional doctrine but were informed by constitutional values. In the same way, one needs legislation, administrative regulation, institution building, public provisioning (e.g., investment in infrastructure), and technological design to protect free expression in the 21st century. Reform of judicial doctrine is surely important —especially to allow several of the kinds of reforms I list below—but we should see it in the context of a larger program of reform, staged in legislation, administrative regulation, government provisioning, reform of business models, and technological design.
An additional wrinkle is that significant features of digital free expression are no longer controlled by nation states. For example, the European Union’s decisions about hate speech and privacy regulation have—and will continue to have—predictable effects on American free expression. To some extent we may decide that protecting free expression in the United States should piggyback on what other countries (and super-national institutions) choose to do in antitrust, privacy, and technological regulation. And to some extent, protecting freedom of speech must resist these efforts.
Currently Americans are very worried about propaganda and disinformation campaigns from Russia—and, for all we know, from other countries as well. These raise serious issues, but it is unlikely that judicial doctrines will be central features of the remedy. Rather, combatting foreign propaganda and disinformation will require two different lines of attack. The first, which is already happening as a result of public outcry, is a change in business practices by owners of private infrastructure in the United States. The second, which, alas, did not happen sufficiently in 2016, is the federal government’s use of sanctions and reprisals (short of military force) against nation states that we know are interfering with our electoral system. This approach recognizes that we do not simply face a problem of regulation—rather, we face a problem of foreign policy. Had President Obama had moved quickly and decisively to exact a cost for Russian interference, we might have established a stronger deterrent effect going forward. Although we can expect little in the way of reprisals from what is essentially a pro-Russian Trump Administration, future administrations will not be so compromised.
For all of these reasons, it is very important to distinguish the political value of freedom of speech from the judicially created doctrines of the First Amendment. To make the principles of the First Amendment live in our current age, we must look beyond the latest pronouncements of the federal courts to the political economy of digital speech, to the dangers that political economy has created for end users, and to the kinds of reforms would best protect their interests.
I’ve discussed a number of such reforms in other work. Six of these reforms are worth mentioning briefly here. Some of these reforms may require modest tweaks in current judicial doctrine, but most of them will simply require a halting of the direction in which I fear judicial doctrine is headed.
The first approach is structural telecommunications regulation such as network neutrality and open access rules.
A second approach is to limit what I call “new-school speech regulation”—in which governments attempt to regulate infrastructure providers to pressure these companies to do their surveillance and speech regulation for them. The European Union, for example, is presently engaged in turning social media companies into a private bureaucracy that enforces European speech regulations. Because new-school speech regulation involves state action, some of it may violate the First Amendment (if enacted within the United States, that is). Unfortunately, much of it may not violate the First Amendment. For example, although some features of the Section 230 intermediary immunity may be required by the First Amendment, it is likely that the First Amendment does not require an immunity as great as Section 230 currently provides. It’s also important to remember that the European Union’s regulation of social media companies has important ripple effects on freedom of expression around the world, including in the United States. Therefore dealing with the consequences of new-school speech regulation in Europe may be quite important in addition to anything that American politicians do.
A third reform is government investment in basic internet infrastructure—for example, municipal wi-fi, broadband services and basic platform operations. This, in effect, offers a kind of public option for certain basic internet services. This is important because a public option is not bound to the same business models as private infrastructure owners. On the other hand, public provision requires, if anything, even stricter controls to ensure that the state does not try to leverage its control of digital infrastructure for purposes of surveillance, censorship, and control.
A fourth, and very important reform, is a revival of antitrust and competition law in the digital industries. This too, is important because it can shake up existing business models and change incentives for digital businesses.
A fifth reform is a requirement of what I call curatorial due process for social media sites, expanding on the Manilla Principles on Intermediary Liability. The Manilla Principles require, among other things (1) clear and public notice of the content regulation policies companies actually employ; (2) an explanation and an effective right to be heard before content is removed; and (3) when this is impractical, an obligation to provide to post-facto explanation and review of a decision to remove content as soon as practically possible. Although these principles will do only limited good, they remain important backstops to the system of digital free expression.
A sixth reform, and one I’ve emphasized especially in recent work, is treating digital media companies as information fiduciaries toward their clients and end-users. As information fiduciaries, digital companies should have duties of care, confidentiality and loyalty toward the people whose data they collect, store, and use.
The scope of these duties will vary depending on the nature of the digital business; again, I’ve written in detail about these issues elsewhere. But if you want a simple example of what difference the concept of information fiduciaries would make, take a look at the recent Facebook/Cambridge Analytica scandal. It’s important to focus not only on the particular example of Facebook’s negligence in dealing with Alexsandr Kogan and Cambridge Analytica, but also on the ensuing revelations: Facebook’s practices were merely the tip of a far larger iceberg—a series of unwise decisions through which Facebook allowed its business partners to access its end-users’ social graphs. In my view, Facebook probably violated all three duties of care, confidentiality and loyalty. Facebook did not take sufficient care to vet its business partners, it breached its duties of confidentiality toward its end users, and it allowed its end-users to be manipulated by its business partners.
Why are these reforms important? Some of them directly protect free speech against public and private governance. But the indirect effects, I think, are equally important. The central way to protect freedom of expression in the digital age is to alter the political economy of free expression. That means reforming the business models of digital companies—because these methods of making money, in effect, are how we pay for the public sphere. The current cost of digital free speech these days is submission to digital surveillance and private governance. Nation states, realizing this, have piggybacked on the governing capacities of digital infrastructure companies to achieve their regulatory goals.
For this reason, I expect that three of the six reforms mentioned above will prove the most important in the long run. The first is limiting new-school speech regulation, because this restricts nation states’ abilities to leverage the capacities of digital infrastructure companies to do governments’ dirty work for them. The second is antitrust and competition law, because they can chip away at the current advertising-based and monopolization-of-attention models that have caused many of the greatest problems with social media. The third is treating digital companies as information fiduciaries, who have duties of care, confidentiality and loyalty to their end-users. This last reform is especially important because it will limit the ability of digital infrastructure companies to organize their business models around the surveillance, manipulation and abuse of end-users.


Dental health proper care is the proper care of someone’s teeth and gums. Oral hygiene is the process of keeping people’s lips free and clean from disease along with other this sort of issues by regimen oral cleaning and scrubbing with the pearly white’s. In order to avoid stinky breath and oral disease, for maximum oral health, it is essential that good dental hygiene is completed all the time. Listed below are some methods oral hygiene should be employed on a regular basis:
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Wellness proper care is part of typical treatments. It deals with the treatment and prevention of dental problems like nicotine gum disorder, tooth decay and oral weathering. Oral specialists carry out dentist procedures. A number of the prevalent oral procedures completed by common doctors contain tooth implants, shelves, basic channel treatment options, dental care braces for your teeth, dentistry reconstructions and so forth.
Dental care preps clients for a tough and extensive life. Right dental hygiene assists with stopping teeth cavities and stops toothaches. Teeth teeth fillings help in protecting against teeth cavities. You have to go to a dentist professionist car should be done in half a year for a standard look at-up and refills.
Dental treatments is not only about finding primary teeth taken care of. An individual should be able to sustain nutritious enamel during their lives. There are several sorts of dental goods and services you can buy right now. A lot of them include dental insurance policies, offering many services for a monthly or yearly price, and also different dentistry surgical procedures, and help in treating a variety of dental care troubles.
Common dentistry makes sure that teeth remain healthy. Healthy tooth to forestall space and ensure there’s plenty of saliva inside the teeth. This will assist in avoiding cavities. You should clean the teeth two tmes a day and use dental floss on a daily basis. Using dental floss is important as it takes away little allergens of foodstuff trapped concerning your teeth. This will likely just remember to have healthy and balanced gums and teeth.
Plenty of people skip over the regime dental care that they need to go through. Most sufferers do not recognize that an appointment with a dentist can prove to be really highly-priced. Should you not retain good dental, then you definately confront a number of health issues down the road. You may use many make-up available in the market to help keep your teeth germ cost-free. Some mouthwashes have materials to kill bacteria and germs in the jaws.
Some general dentistry contains regular cleaning of gums and teeth. You ought to visit a dental office for the normal clean-up if you would like make certain you have nutritious teeth and gums. In case you have gum disease, then you need to quit taking cigarettes and tobacco products. Cigarette smoking consists of smoking, a compound that loss the teeth to cause dental issues. Drinking lots of water can be another protection. Waters assists wipe out microorganisms and toxins that cause dental ailments.
Most youngsters have space and require dental treatments from your young age in order to avoid them from having permanent hurt. Moms and dads have to find a children dental practitioner into their neighborhood so they can deal with their kid’s dentistry wants in their initial the teeth. A superb child fluid warmers dentist professionist ensures your kids becomes suitable prophylactic dental treatments services into their initial pearly whites.
Overall health is retained by routine dental care. Cleaning one’s teeth twice daily is critical as this can help take away acquired oral plaque buildup and bacterias in the tooth. Using dental floss is additionally an element of the overall wellness strategy the way it gets rid of tartar and meal caught up around the teeth. To avoid gingivitis and plaque accumulation, frequent travels towards the dental practice also make certain that gums are placed balanced.
A good practice is to brush thrice each day applying delicate bristles. It is additionally far better to dental floss everyday so as to preserve beneficial teeth’s health. Parents should really browse the dental practitioner at least once a year to get their gum area cleaned out and appearance if you have any indication of common cancer. Very early treatments for gingivitis inhibits significant diseases for instance gum condition.
Reduction is actually superior to heal in terms of blocking by mouth disorders such as gum disease and gum ailment. Common travels to your dental practice will ensure that gums remain healthy. In order to prevent gingivitis, standard flossing and brushing are required in conjunction with incorporating fluoride on the water supply in fluoride-vibrant areas. Fluoride is an excellent dental hygiene manufactured goods helps prevent occurance of tartar on pearly white’s and helps improve gum line. Regular appointments with the dental professional will guarantee that gums stay powerful.
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- How do you measure the width of a book?
- What metric unit would you use to measure the thickness of a book cover?
- What instrument is used to measure the thickness of paper?
- How would you measure the thickness of paper?
- What is used to measure the thickness of a wire?
- Is height the same as thickness?
- How do I calculate the thickness of my water tank?
- How do you find the thickness of steel?
- What is the size of base plate?
- Why do we use a base plate to connect a column to the foundation and what is the role of grout used between base plate and foundation?
- What is the necessity of doing machine grouting?
- How do you grout a pump base?
- What is a pump pad?
- What is a grout pump?
- How does a grout pump work?
How do you measure the width of a book?
The size of a book is generally measured by the height against the width of a leaf, or sometimes the height and width of its cover. A series of terms is commonly used by libraries and publishers for the general sizes of modern books, ranging from folio (the largest), to quarto (smaller) and octavo (still smaller).
What metric unit would you use to measure the thickness of a book cover?
The thickness of 1 page is 0.12 mm . So, its simple you just have to count the number of pages and divide it by 2. And after that multiply that number by thickness of 1 page. For example: If book is 600 pages then it should be (600/2)*(0.12) = 36mm or ~1.5 inches.
What instrument is used to measure the thickness of paper?
How would you measure the thickness of paper?
Calculate the Thickness
- Divide the total measurement of the stack/ream of paper by the number of sheets. For example: 2 inches/100 pages = 0.01-inches sheets.
- In case you measured the stack, and it gave you less than an inch, then you need to do the same. For example: 0.5-inches/100 sheets = 0.005-inches per sheet.
What is used to measure the thickness of a wire?
Is height the same as thickness?
Try the width for the thickness. In considering a three-dimensional rectangular object: The height and length should be the size measurements. The height is for how tall (on the longest side) and the length should be for how wide (on the shorter side). The width would be how thick it is.
How do I calculate the thickness of my water tank?
Divide the mass of the tank by the quantity, surface area x density. This yields the thickness because the mass of the tank equals the density of material x the volume of material, and the volume of material equals thickness x surface area.
How do you find the thickness of steel?
The most precise way to measure a metal’s thickness is to use a caliper. Calipers are hand tools designed to precisely measure the distance between two points. Just fit the two tips of the caliper around the metal you need to measure to determine its thickness.
What is the size of base plate?
Base Plates, Size: 150 x 150 x 6 mm
|Size||150 x 150 x 6 mm|
|Nut Restraint||150 mm|
Why do we use a base plate to connect a column to the foundation and what is the role of grout used between base plate and foundation?
Concrete grout is used in most column base connections to facilitate the construction process and to ensure that full contact is achieved between the steel plate and the concrete pedestal.
What is the necessity of doing machine grouting?
Grout acts like a liquid shim between two surfaces and is used to secure the base plates of heavy machinery to the foundation which allows the machinery to function properly. Additionally, the grout reduces operational vibrations that can cause structural damage, machinery malfunctions, and machinery damage.
How do you grout a pump base?
- Allow Cure Time. Curing time for grout, especially epoxy grout, depends on the ambient temperature.
- Secure Bolts. Most designs require the installation of anchor bolts in the foundation that will run up and through penetrations on the baseplate.
- Use Shims & Jack Screws.
- Choose Pour Method.
- Pour Grout.
What is a pump pad?
Pump pads are an important part of good well construction. A concrete pad correctly constructed around the pump area prevents surface water from entering the well. It provides people using the well with a safe, dry place to stand without getting wet or muddy.
What is a grout pump?
Cementitious – Pumps non-shrink sand based cementitious grouts. Heavy Duty – Grout pumps built for durability and long-lasting performance. Low Pressure – With a 15 psi max, Kenrich grout pumps are deal anywhere high pressure is not required. Lightweight and Portable – Take the grout pump anywhere need to grout.
How does a grout pump work?
To draw grout from the hopper into the pump, one piston starts its suction stroke, which opens the inlet valve and closes the out- let valve, allowing grout to flow in- to the piston’s tube.


Definition of recorder in English:
1An apparatus for recording sound, pictures, or data, especially a tape recorder.
- German investigators were to begin analysing information from the planes' flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders yesterday.
- Today, investigators are combing the crash sites and preparing to analyze flight data and cockpit voice recorders for vital clues.
- He said the local group also seeks funding, equipment and volunteers to set up a public media lab filled with computers and media-gathering equipment such as video cameras, scanners and sound recorders.
2A person who keeps records: a poet and recorder of rural and industrial life
More example sentences
- Now, journalists, of course, are supposed to be impartial recorders and reporters of fact.
- Political reporters, especially the day-to-day recorders of official Washington developments and events, are protective of Washington.
- The long, cold line-ups in front of the mining recorder's office in Iqaluit paid off this week as mining companies received their much-coveted prospecting permits.
3A simple wind instrument with finger holes and no keys, held vertically and played by blowing air through a shaped mouthpiece against a sharp edge.
- Sheet music at five cents a page, mouth organs manufactured in Germany, tin whistles and recorders from St Petersburg, and pianola rolls were among the commodities the stores offered for sale.
- The instruments used are recorder, harpsichord, and cello.
- Favoured instruments include the hurdy-gurdy, dulcimer, recorders, zither, guitars and drums.
4 (Recorder) (In England and Wales) a barrister appointed to serve as a part-time judge.
- Parliament ultimately is also responsible for the provision of resources by way of judges, Recorders, courtrooms and staff, to enable cases to be heard within those custody time limits.
- The learned trial judge, the Recorder of London, gave a most careful judgment which we have read with care.
- Judges in England often start as part-time Recorders, so that they can make up their own minds whether they would like a judicial job in the future.
- sense 4.Example sentences
- Competition for appointment to both the Circuit Bench and Recordership is intense.
- All serving Assistant Recorders have therefore been appointed, or are in the process of being appointed, as Recorders and all future appointments will be made direct to Recordership through open competition.
Words that rhyme with recorderawarder, boarder, border, defrauder, hoarder, Korda, marauder, order, sordor, warder • camcorder • video
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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Permanent Arab Court To Resist Violence Against Women
The Women's Court: The Permanent Arab Court To Resist Violence Against Women is a symbolic popular court that aims at fighting all forms of violence practiced against women in Arab societies.
The Court was established by a group of Arab NGOs and distinguished personalities gathered in Rabat , Morocco on 30th November and 1st December 1996. The main purpose of the Court is to put an end to the intensifying and multifaceted violence against women. This need has become obviously clear by a public hearing on violence against women that was held in Beirut in June 1995, and was the first of its kind in the Arab world.
Submitted on Mon, 07/21/2003 - 00:00


To begin with, you’ll see that the engine RPMs are much above 1000, and perhaps even close to 1500. Because high RPM helps to warm the coolant and increase the engine temperature by burning more gasoline as the oil temperature increases, high RPM is a typical response when the engine is cold.
The RPM should return to the predetermined levels in the owner’s manual after the coolant has been heated to a normal temperature (below 1000 RPM). In the winter, chilly temperatures mean that the engine’s RPM will endure longer than in the summer.
In any case, if the speed of the engine does not return to normal, extra examinations or repairs may be necessary.
In the car’s owner’s manual, the rpm and time figures are listed. The reason for increased speed and/or return time should be investigated.
What are the causes of high RPM when the engine is cold?
In addition to the usual causes of high engine RPM, there are a number of other possibilities.
Intake manifold air duct
It is possible to use a solenoid valve to close the intake duct in some engines, as well as pulse motors and pulse-controlled solenoids. This means that if these components fail, a huge amount of air will be able to enter via the air channel into the intake manifold.
Intake manifold pipes
Cracks in the intake pipes, depressurization, or poor connections can cause air to leak into the system. If a whistle can be heard coming from that direction, the engine’s RPMs will likely be elevated.
A bad throttle valve
High engine RPM can be the result of a partially closed throttle valve due to carbon deposits. Another possible cause is a driver’s obliviousness to a hard floor mat pressing on the gas pedal.
A bad throttle position sensor
Throttle position sensors are primarily responsible for sending data to the electronic control unit (ECU) about the location of the gas pedal at a specific time.
As a solution, the ECU will deliver the maximum amount of air, which will result in a higher engine speed when the vehicle is idling. When the throttle settings are reset, the speed may also increase.
Even if their models and management systems are different and all have independent management, the engine design of some cars, such as Toyotas, allows the use of electric motors for forced idling.
If the engine runs too fast at idle, it may be an issue with the control system, or it may be due to the specific electric motor.
Idle speed regulator malfunctioning. Another explanation for the high RPM while the engine is cold. Damage to the regulator’s electrical connections is a common cause of a malfunctioning idle speed.
A faulty mass airflow sensor (MAF). If this sensor fails, the engine’s electronic control unit will receive incorrect information regarding the amount of air being provided (ECU).
As a result, the ECU may desire to open the throttle valve even farther to boost airflow. Consequently As a result, both in cold and warm weather, the engine’s speed will be boosted.
A faulty sensor for the intake air temperature. The ECU will receive inaccurate information if this sensor malfunctions, preventing it from forming an ideal RPM and air fuel combination. As a result, an increase in idle engine speed is possible.
A water pump that is either inefficient or broken. If your car’s water pump is malfunctioning, you may notice a high RPM when the engine is cold.
It will take a long time to warm up a cold engine if it is pumping out insufficient coolant, therefore the engine will run at high revs.
In this case, you should be aware that your pump has a problem if you push the gas pedal and then remove your foot to find that the heater no longer blows hot air.
A malfunctioning or defective electrical controller (ECU). It’s rarely common, but an ECU malfunctioning due to software difficulties can result in the engine running at a high speed even when the engine is cold.
If the error is kept in its memory and you can use an OBD scanner to examine it, the diagnosis can be relatively simple. However, in some circumstances, the fault is not stored, making the diagnosis extremely complex.
A thermostat that is malfunctioning. The high RPM can be caused by faulty thermostats, as can many other automotive problems. To keep the coolant flowing through the engine when the thermostat is closed is a common practice.
Antifreeze is further cooled by completing a full circuit of the cooling system after it has reached the proper operating temperature (also known asthe big circle).
Even when the thermostat is initially open, the engine will have to work longer at higher speeds until it reaches a temperature where the coolant can flow freely.
Bad coolant temperature sensor
In the event that this sensor malfunctions, the ECU will receive incorrect information about the operating temperature of the coolant. In order to reportedly warm the coolant, the engine will operate at a higher RPM.
What to check for first if you have high engine RPM?
The throttle valve and idle speed sensor should be checked first if you notice a rise in RPM.
Clean the throttle and the issue will be solved. With this cleanser, you’ll get excellent results.
Then examine the intake pipes and air ducts for air leaks.
Be on the lookout for any of the above-mentioned problems with the thermostat or water pump in the cooling system.
If the engine’s RPMs spike when it’s cold, don’t freak out; this is common behavior. If temperatures are low, the time of high RPM may last longer. However, if the engine’s speed is maintained for a lengthy period of time, this is an excellent cause to do a check.


King Davis, Ph.D.
The research literature suggests that African American communities lack knowledge about severe mental illness and how to access early intervention services. Myths, stigma, misinformation, and fear unduly influence many African American families when it comes to severe mental illnesses. Consequently, while African Americans experience mental illness at the same proportions as the rest of the population, they are more likely to obtain later and/or court-ordered treatement, resulting in more severe diagnoses, longer inpatient treatments, and poorer prognoses.
The goal of the project is to increase knowledge of patterns of caregiving, the nature of issues raised by siblings and their families, efforts to obtain help, patterns of voluntary participation in mental health associations, and views on mental illness.
The project will include focus groups of siblings and parents of African Americans with a severe mental illness. Participants will share their preceptions of severe mental illness, caregiving experiences, and voluntary participation in the care of the mentally ill person.
U.S. Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS)
Keywords: health care


The orange is a favorite for young and old at the time to prepare a juice or eat a fruit after the meal fruits. Orange is also a very widely available fruit and moreover a tasty one . So it is always a must!
Among the virtues attributed to him, it can mention that has benefits for the treatment of heart disease, acne, bowel problems and colds, among others.
But these are just some of the reasons why it is important to eat oranges. Here we have other qualities of this fruit:
1) One medium orange gives you only 62 calories … excellent choice for a light snack!
2) Are you worried about the fat? Orange does not know. This fruit is rich in water and, by its nature, does not contain fats.
3) It is an excellent source of vitamin C (one medium orange provides about 70mg- almost 100 percent the daily recommendation for this vitamin). Vitamin C is essential as an antioxidant, in addition to contributing to strengthen your immune system, wound healing and tissue formation.
4) it provides about 10 percent of the daily recommendation for folic acid. This vitamin B complex is especially important for women of reproductive age or wishing to have children soon, it helps prevent neural tube defects (spina bifida and cleft lip).
5) This fruit is rich in phytochemicals, which are potent natural antioxidants that protect cells from free radicals.
6) it contains pectin, a soluble fiber. Some studies have shown that soluble fiber may help reduce cholesterol levels, as “blocks” of this absorption in the intestine
7) Moreover, the fiber has a satiety effect which can last several hours, which will help to ease anxiety by eating.
8) Orange prebiotic substances, such as fiber, favor the growth of beneficial bacteria sen your intestinal tract. These bacteria help you to prevent gastrointestinal infections.
9) If you are a fan of sweet … choose a sweet orange and juicy! But if you prefer the acid, there are varieties of orange for you. This fruit is suitable for all tastes and preferences.
10) If you have not already convinced, reread the previous nine points!


|Located in northwest Kazakhstan, the Voskhod chrome ore mines and chrome concentrate plant, which began production in July 2009, feature an underground state-of-the-art mine and a modern ore processing plant. The mine has total reserves of 21 million tons of chrome ore. The plant’s chrome ore boasts one of the highest Cr/Fe ratios in the world, at 3.5-3.8. Voskhod is also responsible for sourcing chrome concentrate for Tikhvin Ferroalloy Plant in Russia. The plant currently has an annual beneficiation capacity of 1 million tons of raw ore, which can be increased up to 1.5 million tons.


Osorio's forces were highly superior. The patriot forces held
on for two days, until the royalists decided to set fire to
the city. O'Higgins desperately called for José Miguel Carrera's division, still north of
Carrera either betrayed O'Higgins or O'Higgins did not
understand the coded message Carrera sent him. From the bell
church O'Higgins saw Carrera's division advancing and then
turning around and leaving. Carrera claimed that in the coded
message he had told O'Higgins to leave, and as he approached
the town he believed that he was leading his men to certain
death. O'Higgins maintained that Carrera had compromised his
forces by leaving.
Thousands of O'Higgins' men died that day. O'Higgins himself,
in one of the acts of bravery for which he was famous, pushed
forward with a few men and managed to escape.
What followed in
hellish. The patriots were defeated, the city ransacked, the
public treasury lost. Most of the men committed to the cause
of an independent Chile fled to Mendoza in Argentina. It was a
disastrous exodus through the snow on a virtually unpassable
track that even the mules found difficult to navigate.
O'Higgins and Carrera would never again speak to each other,
but would meet again in
then under the command of José de San Martín.
Alliances: O'Higgins and José de San Martín
From their very first meeting, O'Higgins and San Martín found
in each other kindred spirits. O'Higgins was humble and
well-mannered, and had no problem in acknowledging San
Martín's authority on the eastern side of the
Carrera. Rivalries between the two Chilean factions came to a
head in Mendoza. Carrera managed to keep a small army and
stationed himself in a Mendoza neighbourhood. Carrera even
took some police in
prisoner when they arrived to investigate a raucous and
drunken 'meeting' between Chilean soldiers and beautiful
O'Higgins, on the other hand, was considered by San Martín to
be the leader of the Chilean emigrés. The Argentine leader
took O'Higgins' side, believing that the defeat at
Carrera's fault. Mendoza was now in danger. The Viceroy could
launch an attack on the United Provinces from Chile any
The United Provinces had been trying to secure their position
Bolivia, but had so far been unsuccessful. During 1815 and
part of 1816, the governor of Mendoza tried to convince the
authorities in Buenos Aires to organise the invasion of
Chile. It was
not an easy task and required something that had never been
done in terms of military logistics, making four thousand men
safely cross the Andes, properly dressed, armed and fed. It
was a monumental job, and a very expensive one. With Supreme
Director Pueyrredón in power in
San Martín finally had real support. The expedition would
cross the Andes in the summer of 1817.
The expedition was successful. O'Higgins commanded two
battalions mostly formed by black slaves from Cuyo who would
earn their freedom if they survived the fighting. The Army of
the Andes crossed the mountains and on
17 February 1817, clashed with the royalists in Chacabuco, a few
kilometres north of
It was a clear victory, but O'Higgins charged when he was not
supposed to and compromised the whole operation. The royalist
forces fled Santiago and then disbanded. Some went to Lima,
some to Talcahuano. San Martín hesitated in pursuing them,
leaving the royalists able to win back strength in Talcahuano.
When San Martín declined the position of Supreme Director of
Chile, O'Higgins stepped into the fray. But soon he left
town and moved south to engage in war. O'Higgins attempted to
manage state affairs as best as he could. He stayed at
Concepción, which had been occupied by the Patriots, and
participated, in the midst of the rainy and cold winter, in
the siege of
(as well as battling the Mapuche, who had allied themselves
with the royalists).
During most of 1817 and the beginning of 1818, O'Higgins' job
was waging war. He fought in the mornings and afternoons, then
went home to Concepción. There he met Rosario Puga, a
good-looking married woman, and they became lovers. The sexual
mores of the colonial era were gone, and the war made possible
this very unlikely union. Puga later bore Bernardo a son,
After a failed attempt to take
early December 1817, and facing the arrival of new royalist
troops from Lima and Spain, again commanded by Osorio,
O'Higgins, on the advice of San Martín, who had managed to
recover in Santiago, left Concepción. The strategy was one of
terra nullius: the whole town of Concepción was evacuated and
its inhabitants began a sorrowful journey towards Santiago.
Meanwhile, O'Higgins managed to move the Army to
Talca. There he engaged in a disastrous battle against
Osorio. At first, the Patriots were winning. Then they stayed
the night at a place called Cancharayada, but didn't suspect
that Osorio would counter-attack. O'Higgins almost died that
night - a bullet destroyed his right elbow.
There were rumours of a tragedy in
Mendoza and Buenos Aires. O'Higgins and San Martín were
presumed dead, and many Chileans began preparing for a change
of government. Then Manuel Rodríguez, Carrera's friend who
ironically had served as a guerrilla leader and a spy for San
Martín during the Spanish rule that followed Rancagua,
threatened to stage a Carrera-sponsored coup. His famous
cri-de-guerre 'Citizens: we still have a fatherland!'
motivated the depressed patriots in Santiago. All this was
more than O'Higgins could muster. On the verge of death, pale
and sick due to loss of blood, he left
San Fernando, where he was recovering, and in a hurried journey arrived
Santiago in less than two days. Exhausted, he got to the
presidential palace and almost fainted. Rodríguez' coup was
While O'Higgins was delirious, San Martín rallied a force of
4,000 to attack Osorio at Maipú. Now a
suburb, Maipú was a war at Santiago's gates. The people began
hearing the canons on the morning of 5 April 1818. A feverish
O'Higgins heard them too. He instantly mounted his horse and
headed to the battlefield. When he arrived, the fight was over
and had been won by San Martín, and the two men embraced. It
had been a massacre for Osorio. Almost all of his 5,000 men
where either dead or captured. Spain would never again
organise such a force to attack
Chilean independence was now complete, except for the
Valdivia and Chiloé remained royalist strongholds. Bandits
roamed the countryside. O'Higgins tried to restore order and
give some sort of national presence to his government.
Although a theoretical democrat and admirer of the English
monarchy, he soon decided that the best form of government in
Chile at the time was a dictatorship. His dictatorship.
Tired of so many wars, most Chileans supported O'Higgins, and
Carrera's support base disappeared. Two Carrera brothers, Luis
and Juan José, who were held captive in
they tried to sneak into Chile to overthrow O'Higgins while he
was waging war in the south, were tried and executed.
O'Higgins always claimed that he had pardoned the two men, but
that the letter of clemency had arrived in Mendoza just hours
after the Carreras died. Then Manuel Rodríguez, who had been
offered a position in a foreign embassy but refused, was shot
O'Higgins again claimed that he had no responsibility for the
killing, which had been carried out by soldiers, but never
fully managed to prove that he had not given the order.
At the beginning of his administration, the Lautaro Lodge, a
clandestine Argentine pro-independence organisation to which
O'Higgins had been affiliated in
had some influence. Then internal quarrels among the
'brothers' led to its dissolution.
O'Higgins greatest obsession was the building of a fleet that
would sail to
depose Viceroy Pezuela. However,
Buenos Aires was in anarchy and therefore no more money would be
forthcoming in the wake of the battle of Maipú. Moreover, San
Martín had been ordered to return to
and fight in the civil war. He refused and instead stayed in
Chile and began preparing the invasion of
O'Higgins decided that securing Chilean independence was more
important than rebuilding the country, and understood that the
existence of a Viceroy in Lima made matters uncertain
O'Higgins took out a British loan that seriously compromised
Chile's finances and finally got together a force of
twenty-five vessels commanded by Lord Thomas Cochrane, a
British officer who had proven himself in the eyes of the
Supreme Director by taking Valdivia, a Spanish stronghold in
Southern Chile, some months before. Cochrane would sail to
and San Martín would command the troops in combat. The naval
expedition sailed from Valparaíso on 20 August 1820,
O'Higgins' forty-second birthday.
Meanwhile O'Higgins founded the
Academy, the Naval School, a public market for Santiago, and
instigated important developments in agricultural
infrastructure. At the same time, he fought fiercely against
aristocracy and church, particularly on the issue of taxes.
Santiago's archbishop was exiled.
O'Higgins had few close friends and most of the time he took
refuge in the patio of the government house where he had a
green parrot whom he used as a confessor. In 1821 his nemesis
José Miguel Carrera, who had fought with the federal forces in
Argentina's civil war, formed a gang of Chilean soldiers and
indigenous peoples and began stealing from the estancias
in Argentina. He was eventually caught in Mendoza and shot.
O'Higgins was not directly responsible, but did not spare
Rosario Puga had been acting as Bernardo's wife while still
legally married to another man. The relationship did not
soon engaged to a supporter of Carrera and became pregnant.
During all this time, O'Higgins' family was his mother Isabel
and his half-sister Rosa, who lived with him in the government
palace. Isabel and Rosa became social figures in the small
Santiago world - Rosa was a of patron of the arts, and engaged
in the financing and production of many plays. When Puga left
O'Higgins, she took away Bernardo's son Demetrio.
Problems with the aristocracy, the church, the Carrerians and
the virtual bankruptcy of the government were exacerbated by
an earthquake in 1822 and a controversial autocratic
constitution passed by O'Higgins that same year. Ramón Freire,
formerly his closest ally, suddenly rallied the
Concepción against O'Higgins. Soon the province of Coquimbo
followed. With civil war pending, O'Higgins resigned from
government in January 1823 and departed for Peru with his
As O'Higgins had informed Bolívar's guests at the banquet,
after 1824 he had become a farmer, but was not very
successful. He kept in touch with some friends, but his dreams
of a political comeback were impossible to achieve. After
briefly courting Mariscal Andrés de
the ambitious Bolivian general who created the
Peruvian-Bolivian confederacy and then went to war against
Chile, O'Higgins descended into anonymity.
In 1842 he was finally re-installed in the Chilean rank of
officer and was given permission to return. While Bernardo
O'Higgins was preparing to board the ship, he fell seriously
ill and died in October 1842.
His body was not brought back to
1869. His soul probably still haunts the Chilean countryside
were he gave the best part of his life among the mud, horses
and blood of so many battles.
 Un bravo general
temido de los enemigos y experimentado entre nuestros
oficiales y jefes, no puede menos que dar un nuevo grado de
aprecio a nuestro ejército… Ofrezco a usted un mando… propio a
distinguir a cualquier jefe que quiera señalarse en un campo
de gloria, porque un cuerpo de
a las órdenes de usted debe contar con la victoria.
general O'Higgins era bravo hasta el extremo, pero sus
conocimientos militares eran nulos.
 Señor, la
América está libre. Desde hoy el general O'Higgins ya no
existe; soy sólo el ciudadano particular Bernardo O'Higgins.
Después de Ayacucho mi misión está concluida.
 According to Pamela Pequeño's documentary La hija de
O'Higgins (2001), Bernardo O'Higgins had a daughter,
Petronila, by Patricia Rodríguez, his mother's nanny. As
Ambrosio had done to him, Bernardo O'Higgins never
acknowledged any of his children.
- Amunátegui, Miguel Luis, La dictadura de O'Higgins (Madrid:
- Barros Arana, Diego, Historia General de Chile
(Santiago de Chile: Rafael Jover, Vols. 8-12, 1884-1902).
- Carrera, José Miguel, Diario Militar (Santiago de
Chile: Imprenta Cervantes, 1900).
- De Breffny, Brian, 'Ambrose O'Higgins: An enquiry into
his origins and ancestry' in The Irish Ancestor 2:2
(1970), pp. 81-89.
- De la Cruz, José María et al., Recuerdos de don
Bernardo O'Higgins (Santiago de Chile: Andrés Bello,
- Donoso, Ricardo, El marqués de Osorno don Ambrosio
Higgins (Santiago de Chile: Publicaciones de la
Universidad de Chile, 1945).
- Eyzaguirre, Jaime, O'Higgins (Santiago de Chile:
- Hughes, Noel, Bernardo O'Higgins - In
Richmond History, no. 18, 1997).
- León, Leonardo, Reclutas forzados y desertores de la
patria: El bajo pueblo chileno en la guerra de la
independencia in 'Historia' (Santiago de Chile), 35
(2002), pp. 251-297.
- Ruiz Moreno, Isidoro J., Campañas militares
argentinas. La política y la guerra (Buenos Aires:
- Twinam, Ann, Public lives, Private secrets.
Gender, Honor, Sexuality, and
Illegitimacy in Colonial
(Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1999).
- Valencia Avaria, Luis, O'Higgins, el buen genio de
América (Santiago de Chile: Universitaria, 1980).
Mackenna, Benjamín, El Ostracismo
jeneral don Bernardo O'Higgins
(Valparaíso: Imprenta y Librería de El Mercurio, 1860).


Weddin Mountains National Park
Learn more about why this park is special
Weddin Mountains National Park is a special place. Here are just some of the reasons why:
Where there's a will
In 1936, the Seaton family began developing property on the western side of the Weddin Mountains as a pastoral enterprise. Money and resources were scarce during the Great Depression, so the farm was built using second-hand materials fashioned into solid structures. Seaton's Farm is a testimony to the ingenuity used by the Seatons when times were tough. It provides brilliant insight into how this farming family lived during the mid-1900s. The Weddin Mountains are also well-known as the hideout of bushrangers Ben Hall and John Bow, infamously involved in the Escort Robbery at Eugowra.
- Seaton's Farm historic site An easy scenic walk to a perfect picnic spot against a backdrop of historic agricultural relics. Binoculars are also a must for the enthusiastic birdwatcher.
The Weddin Mountains are a large, crescent-shaped range that rises sharply from the surrounding plains. This prominent feature can be seen from up to 50km away. There are a number of interesting rock formations, cliff lines and small caves, particularly on the northern and eastern side of the mountain. Deep gullies between gentler slopes produce some lovely small waterfalls after a good rain.
- Basin Gully to Eualdrie lookout track Enjoy a challenging walk? Highlights on this fantastic hiking track include ridges, gullies and scenic views that stretch toward Grenfell, as well as great birdwatching.
The Weddin Mountains harbour 12 threatened plant species and 39 threatened bird species. In spring, many lilies and orchids come into bloom, as do winged peppercress and slender darling pea. The diversity in vegetation from the base of the mountain to the top also accommodates a variety of bird species, from larger emus to smaller robins and thornbills. Raptors such as wedge-tailed eagles and peregrine falcons are often seen swooping and diving from the lookouts.
- Bertha's Gully walking track This medium difficulty walk near Grenfell passes small waterfalls and rock overhangs along Bertha’s Gully. Stop by at the campground for a rest after your 6km walk.
- Eualdrie walking track Eualdrie walking track is a short hiking route that offers scenic views, birdwatching and spring wildflowers.
- Lynchs loop trail Lynchs loop trail is a short hike within Weddin Mountains National Park. The route is scenic and there are birdwatching opportunities.
Any way you like it
The park offers both relaxing and adventurous recreational opportunities. Picnickers can enjoy a campfire and barbecue at Ben Hall's campground, while more adventurous visitors can walk the mountain range on a variety of walking tracks.


Sensor systems are becoming a primary data source on highly portable electronic technologies employed in potentially extreme environmental conditions and must be small, lightweight and rugged. Read More
The interconnection networks within those systems have evolved by using micro and nano-sized interconnection techniques.
New device technologies and chip developments have greatly extended the opportunities to use multiple sensors within one coordinated interface network. They detect, process data and support communications from module to module such as those working together on Net Warrior and Future Soldier applications. These also interface with mounted and upon unmanned roving vehicles within the battlefield. Further extensions of this technology are exhibited in new electro-optic sensors and in on-board controls for unmanned aerial vehicles. Recent additions, as well, are now being integrated into new ballistic devices for both remote and self-guidance control. Sensors are employed and perform superbly on satellite systems.
We also see new sensors in many neural modulation devices, such as new cochlear hearing and pain modulation in our medical industry.
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