A new fission reactor system with passive safety characteristics to eliminate the occurrence of loss-of-coolant accidents, reduce reactivity excursion effects, and which also provides for closure of the nuclear fuel cycle through on-site spent fuel management is examined. The concept uses multi-coated fuel pellets which are suspended by an upward moving coolant in vertical columns of the reactor core and electro-refining elemental separation to remove selected fission products prior to actinide recycling. The possibility of fuel melt following a loss-of-coolant is avoided as a decrease in coolant flow results in the removal of fuel from the core through the action of gravity alone. Average fluid velocities in the columns which are necessary to suspend the pellets are calculated and found to be consistent with the necessary heat extraction to yield ~1-10MWth per column. The total output power of such suspended pellet-type reactors is compared to the power necessary to provide the suspending fluid flow, yielding favourable ratios of ~10² - 10³ The reduction of reactivity excursion tendencies is envisaged through an ablative layer of material in the pellets which sublimates at temperatures above normal operating conditions. In the event of a power or temperature increase the particles fragment and thereby change their hydrodynamic drag characteristics, thus leading to fuel removal from the core by elutriation. Comparison of nuclear-to-thermal response times and elutriation rates for limiting power transients indicate that the present design assets in reactivity excursion mitigation. Closure of the nuclear fuel cycle is attained through a spent fuel management strategy which requires only on-site storage of a fraction of the fission products produced during reactor operation. Electro-refining separation of selected fission products combined with complete actinide recycling yields no isolation of plutonium or highly enriched uranium during the procedure. The out-of-core waste stream has a significantly reduced radioactivity, volume and lifetime compared to the once-through waste management strategy and thus provides an alternative to long-term geological disposal of fission reactor wastes. The Pellet Suspension Reactor concept possesses some unique operating characteristics and, additionally, is shown to be similar to conventional fission reactors in terms of common performance features.
|\n|Appears in Collections:||Open Access Dissertations and Theses|\nItems in MacSphere are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Source: Mehr News Agency, Tehran\nPresident Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said on Tuesday that Iran had no alternative other than enriching uranium to a purity level of 20 percent after the West refused to sell the needed nuclear fuel to Iran to operate its research nuclear reactors which produce radioisotopes for medical patients.\nSource: Iran Daily\n\"They refused Iran's request. We insisted and again they did not,\" Ahmadinejad told a press conference in Tehran.\n\"We were even ready to give 3.5 percent (enriched) fuel to the West and take 20 percent fuel but again they were not ready to do it therefore we were forced to start enriching uranium to the degree of 20 percent,\" Ahmadinejad explained.\nHe added Iran is still willing to stop enriching uranium to 20 percent if International Atomic Energy Agency members sell the needed fuel to Iran.\n\"So far nobody has announced readiness to sell 20 percent (enriched) fuel to Iran, but anytime they give us this fuel we will feel no need to produce the costly fuel of 20 percent.\"\n... Payvand News - 10/03/12 ... --", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "This Radiation is Okay because it is Natural\nI have heard this statement before and it came to mind again this morning when I read the following in a news article “Like all radioactive material, the gamma radiation from Cobalt-60 can cause cancer if ingested by humans, especially if it occurs due to leaks from the nuclear plant that can cause contamination in water bodies.”\nThe statement made me shake my head and smile at the same time. Let’s break down the statement. I first have to admit, though, that I don’t know what “water bodies” are. Perhaps they are bodies of water – like a lake or pond? I’m not sure.\nThe statement is true insofar as gamma radiation from cobalt-60 has the potential to cause cancer if ingested by humans. The cancer risk is not increased; however, if it is cobalt-60 in leaking coolant from nuclear power plants. If it is liquid cobalt-60, it is liquid cobalt-60. It doesn’t matter where it comes from.\nThe amount of cobalt-60 does matter. But, if you have X amount of radioactivity in nuclear power coolant and that same amount of radioactivity in a research laboratory, it carries the same potential risk if it is all ingested.\nThe same principle applies when it comes to volumes of liquid – I say this because of other news items I’ve read. If you have X amount of radioactivity in a glass of water and that same amount of radioactivity in a backyard pool, if you drink all the water in the glass or all the water in the pool, the radioactivity carries the same potential risk.\nI spoke to a reporter about this one time. He said that over 300,000 gallons of water were contaminated with a radioactive material. He thought this sounded very hazardous. I asked him how much radioactive material was in the water. He didn’t know, but he knew that 300,000 gallons of water were contaminated. I tried to explain that the 300,000 gallons of water didn’t matter – that the amount of radioactive material present is what posed the risk. A bit like dropping an Alka Seltzer® in a glass of water versus this 300,000 gallons – the amount makes a big difference.\nSo, let’s always start on the same ground when we read statements like the one in the first paragraph. Let’s ask “What is the amount of the radioactive material?” and “What is the potential risk from that amount of radioactive material?” When you receive an answer like “Well, there are 300,000 gallons of contaminated water,” recognize that this is not the answer to your questions.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Welcome to our Facmaster Factory!\nGrinding Of Uranium Ore Milling Equipment grinding of uranium ore A class of machinery and equipment that can be used to meet the production requirements of coarse grinding fine grinding and super fine grinding in the field of industrial grinding The finished product can be controlled freely from 0 to 3000 mesh Inquiry Online Leave A MessageLeave A Message Free Consultation\nRaymond mill, also known as Raymond mill, is suitable for the preparation of various mineral powder and coal powder.\nThe ultra-fine grinder is mainly suitable for processing ultra-fine powders of low-hardness, non-flammable, explosive and brittle materials.\nHigh-pressure micro-powder mill is abbreviated as micro-powder mill, which is comparable to jet mill.\nGrinding machine is suitable for processing high-fine powder of more than 300 materials in non-flammable and explosive minerals, chemical, construction and other industries.\nElectromagnetic vibrating feeder is a kind of equipment that implements flow automation.\nBucket elevator is a series of hoppers that are uniformly fixed on endless traction components.\nProcess for milling ore NRC Conventional Uranium Mills May 15 2017 Conventional milling is one of the two primary recovery methods that are currently used to extract uranium from mined ore A conventional uranium mill is a chemical plant that extracts uranium using the following process Trucks deliver uranium ore to the mill where it is crushed into smaller particles before being\nMilling process for uranium ore Raw Complex Gold Ore Processing Machine Supplier of Raw Complex Gold Ore Processing Machine In ThailandThe 21st century the rapid development of industry and economy many national and local economic Portable Coal Crusher Machine For Sale\nUranium mining is the process of extraction of uranium ore from the ground The worldwide production of uranium in 2019 amounted to 53 656 tonnes Kazakhstan Canada and Australia were the top three producers and together account for 68 of world uranium production\nUranium ore crusher price in nigeria Uranium ore crusher price in nigeria uranium ore crusher sale in nigeria 48 5422 ratings the gulin product line consisting of than 30 machines sets the gold ore crusher uranium ore crusher price in nigeria price smallest stone crusher in nigeria the nigeria uranium mining company numco was a\nUranium milling in jadugoda Raw Complex Gold Ore Processing Machine Supplier of Raw Complex Gold Ore Processing Machine In ThailandThe 21st century the rapid development of industry and economy many national and local economic Portable Coal Crusher Machine For Sale\nThe milling (refining) process extracts uranium oxide (U 3 O 8) from ore to form yellowcake a yellow or brown powder that contains about 90 percent uranium oxide 6 Conventional mining techniques generate a substantial quantity of mill tailings waste during the milling phase because the usable portion is generally less than one percent of\nConventional Uranium Mills NRCgov Conventional milling is one of the two primary recovery methods that are currently used to extract uranium from mined ore A conventional uranium mill is a chemical plant that extracts uranium using the following process Trucks deliver uranium ore to the mill where it is crushed into smaller particles before being extracted (or leached)\nUranium milling ammonia process uranium milling ammonia process Radioactive Waste From Uranium Mining and Milling Milling This process takes place at a mill after the ore containing uranium is removed from the Earth through open pit or underground mining The ore is brought to a mill crushed and ground up before chemicals are added to dissolve the uranium\nCanada uranium rock grinding mill argentina uranium ore ball mill ball mill uranium ore in the process of extracting uranium there are many steps to take to do it correctly and safely st you have stock piles of uranium ore then the uranium ore is stock piled for processing nd you have the crusher the ore uranium is crushed into small pieces rd the ball mill ore is ground to a\nMining plant uranium mill process flow chart uranium mill process flow chart Process Flow Diagram use uranium mill process flow chart reflorestabahia Introduction to Mineral Processing In ore beneficiation flotation is a process in which valuable minerals are flow sheet showing the basic steps involved in a Consulting offer\nHazards associated with mining and milling of uranium ore are examined Hazards to plant workers are evaluated and a determination of environmental contamination which may result from these operations is made The efficacy of control measures is also evaluated Personnel hazards which are directly\nConventional Uranium Mills Conventional milling is one of the two primary recovery methods that are currently used to extract uranium from mined ore A conventional uranium mill is a chemical plant that extracts uranium using the following process Trucks deliver uranium ore to the mill where it is crushed into smaller particles before\nArgentina Uranium Mine Grinding Mill Argentina Uranium Mine Grinding Mill Canada uranium minerals grinding mill exact motor club the tcm on technologies for the treatment of effluents from uranium mines mills and tailings was held in vienna from 1 to 4 november 1999 and was attended by twelve participants from eleven countries Canada Uranium Ore Grinding Mill We are a professional mining\nA conventional uranium mill is a chemical plant that extracts uranium using the following process argentina iron mineral ball mill fine ore gold grinder machine crushergoogle Grinding mill Ultrafine Mill Grinder Grinding argentina uranium mineral Grinding america phosphorus minerals ball mill\nJun 29 2020 Energy Fuels is the owner of the White Mesa Mill in Utah the only fully licensed and operating conventional uranium mill in the United States The facility is normally used to process radioactive ore and produce yellowcake but now some areas are likely to be transformed to allow for the processing of uranium rare earth ores\nUranium Ore Crusher Ore crusher uranium Henan Mining Machinery Advances in uranium ore processing Mobile Crushers all advances in uranium ore processing heavy industry is specialized in the design manufacture and supply of crushing equipment used in mining industry The product range of our company comprises mobile crushing plant jaw crusher cone crusher impact crusher milling\nExposure to ionising radiation in the mining and milling of uranium ores can come externally from gamma radiation emitted from ore and process materials or internally from the inhalation of radon decay products uranium ore or uranium product dust Internal exposure is\n3 1 1 Steps Prior to Mining and Milling Once a uranium ore body has been located and the necessary permits and licenses have been obtained exploration drilling is followed by development drilling to determine the grade size depth and shape of the deposit\nNov 06 2020 Engineers at a uranium mill in San Juan County have figured out how to produce a concentrate of rare earth elements from North American ore The company that owns the mill Energy Fuels announced their accomplishment Tuesday after producing the substance at their facility outside of Blanding “Rare earths are a big deal because they have a lot of high tech uses ” said Energy Fuels\nThe Health And Environmental Impact Of Uranium Mining Then ore is processed into Uranium yellowcake and the waste is put into dumps An overview of this process is shown in Fig 2 This practice produces radioactive waste rock and exposes workers to radioactive gases like radon than open pit mines but produces less quantities of toxic tailings\nIf you are interested in our company and our products, please contact us!Online Consultation\nCopyright © 2020.Henan Industris Mining Machinery Company all rights reserved. sitemap", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Sarvesh Kumar , Inter University Accelerator Center, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi; Kajol Chakraborty, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, (U. P.); Lakshmi Dagar, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, (U. P.); Punita Verma, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi\nHeavy Atom Collisions, X Ray Investigations\nThe discovery of x-rays in 1895 marked the beginning of quantitative studies of atomic collisions. These investigations have made important contributions in formulation of modern concepts and theory of atomic physics. It is well known that x-rays emitted during heavy-ion collisions stem from the innermost shells of a quasi-molecule formed during the collision. These x-rays and impact parameter dependence of their emission probability holds crucial information about molecular orbital x-ray emission or charge exchange during interaction with solid targets. These super heavy quasi-molecules can be approached in relatively slow heavy ion-atom collisions which are slow compared to the orbital velocity of innermost electrons of concern. In order to probe the inner shell levels, vacancies have to be provided there. Since the vacancy production probability is primarily determined by electron emission into final states at the Fermi surface of the united atom, the energy transfer is essentially given by the binding energy of the bound state considered. In our investigations it has been calculated that to achieve the above desired system, an impact parameter range of (0.016-0-.023) a.u. is required. The experimental work has been planned to be done at Inter University Accelerator Center, India. 127 I-ions will be bombarded on heavy solid targets of 53I, 79Au and 83Bi. Targets of different thickness will be used to extrapolate to near “zero target thickness”‚(thinnest to 250 ¼g/ cm2) which are approximately the conditions under single collision conditions. The characteristic x-rays from the collision partners as well as MO x-rays will be detected by available x-ray detectors (a Si (Li) and a low energy Ge detector) to cover the entire energy range of K and L x-rays of the collision partners. For measurement of recoils at backward angles SBD/ (gas or annular) proportional counter will be used. A coincidence will be set up between the backward angle particle detectors and the x-ray to extract the impact parameter dependency of x-ray emission. Experimental data will then be compared with the data from correlation diagrams drawn on the basis of Self Consistent Field-Dirac Fock Slater (SCF-DFS) calculations for these systems for interpretation. Such a type of comparison will give a concrete idea about the couplings of the inner shells during such a slow ion-atom collision. A part of the investigations were presented as M.Sc. dissertation work of the second author.\nI. AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT\nThe purpose of planning an impact parameter dependent ion atom collision experiment was to study the dependency of impact parameter on x-rays emitted during heavy ion heavy atom collision. This dependency holds crucial information about the inner shell couplings and hence vacancy transfer in a quasi-molecule (atomic energy levels of projectile and target overlap and hence the system behaves as a united atomic system) during a slow ion-atom collision. A detailed literature survey of similar experiments done in the past across the globe showed that for studying the above mentioned collisions, an impact parameter range of (0.016-0.023) atomic units was required. Thus a suitable experimental set up has been planned keeping the desired impact parameter range in mind at Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC). To examine the impact parameter of scattered projectile and emitted x-rays in coincidence (observing the scattered projectile and x-rays emitted from the target simultaneously) a particle detector (parallel plate avalanche counter available at IUAC) will be used to detect the scatteredprojectile and Low energy germanium detectors (LeGe) will be used to detect the x-rays. As a part of pre-experimental preparations a detailed theoretical analysis was done for the planned experimental set up. Correlation diagrams for the chosen projectile target combinations have been drawn which will be used to analyze the results after performing the experiment.\nAfter performing the experiment we would be able to get a concrete idea about how superheavy systems (combined atomic number of target and projectile should be greater than 130) behave under the conditions of single ion-atom collisions.\nFor full article click here", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "radioactive waste(redirected from Radioactive pollutants)\nAlso found in: Thesaurus, Encyclopedia.\n(Nuclear Physics) any waste material containing radionuclides. Also called: nuclear waste\nSwitch to new thesaurus\n|Noun||1.||radioactive waste - useless radioactive materials that are left after some laboratory or commercial process is completed|\nhigh-level radioactive waste - radioactive waste that left in a nuclear reactor after the nuclear fuel has been consumed\nlow-level radioactive waste - (medicine) radioactive waste consisting of objects that have been briefly exposed to radioactivity (as in certain medical tests)\nradioactive material - material that is radioactive", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Dr. Jonathan Hogg, Senior Lecturer in 20th Century History, University of Liverpool.\nDr. Kate Brown, Professor of History at University of Maryland, Baltimore County.\nThe guest editors invite articles of 7,500 words that explore aspects of the social or cultural history of nuclear Britain in relation to the mobilisation of the nuclear state in the years following 1945. Submissions should introduce original research based in the geographical regions of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland or Wales, and from 1945-present (the Cold War and beyond). Innovative methodological or theoretical approaches to nuclear history are encouraged.\nApproaches may be influenced by:\n-- Affect theory (e.g. relations between a body and the world; or, how social relations are formed, sustained and broken).\n-- Spatial theory (e.g. contested space; spaces shaping individuals, ideas or actions).\n-- History of emotions (e.g. nuclear anxiety).\n-- Novel conceptualisations (e.g. the themes of memory, resistance, lived experience).\n-- Investigations into the languages of the nuclear nation-state.\n-- Comparative, including transnational, approaches.\n-- Under-researched source material for nuclear history (e.g. oral history; sources on a theme, such as humour).\nContributions might consider the histories of:\n-- Specific nuclear spaces and places (e.g. bunkers, airspace, infrastructure, disused sites).\n-- Nuclear institutions (e.g. institutionalisation of the nuclear state as a process; the nuclear state in relation to political ideas such as democracy).\n-- Urban and rural nuclear Britain.\n-- Countries, regions or cities (e.g. unique, localised nuclear trajectories).\n-- Cold war legacies (e.g. nuclear veterans, nuclear tourism).\n-- Everyday life (e.g. hidden histories, conceptualising life in the nuclear age).\n-- Individual and collective nuclear identities.\n-- Nuclear knowledge (e.g. secret, public, private).\n-- Communities (e.g. national or local government, anti-nuclear activists).\nPlease submit abstracts (500 words) to Jonathan Hogg at firstname.lastname@example.org by 20 May 2016.\nThis opportunity has expired. It was originally published here:", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Depleted uranium (DU; also referred to in the past as Q-metal, depletalloy or D-38) is uranium with a lower content of the fissile isotope U-235 than natural uranium. (Natural uranium contains about 0.72% of its fissile isotope U-235, while the DU used by the U.S. Department of Defense contain 0.3% U-235 or less). Uses of DU take advantage of its very high density of 19.1 g/cm3 (68.4% denser than lead). Civilian uses include counterweights in aircraft, radiation shielding in medical radiation therapy and industrial radiography equipment, and containers for transporting radioactive materials. Military uses include armor plating and armor-piercing projectiles.Most depleted uranium arises as a by-product of the production of enriched uranium for use as fuel in nuclear reactors and in the manufacture of nuclear weapons. Enrichment processes generate uranium with a higher-than-natural concentration of lower-mass-number uranium isotopes (in particular U-235, which is the uranium isotope supporting the fission chain reaction) with the bulk of the feed ending up as depleted uranium, in some cases with mass fractions of U-235 and U-234 less than a third of those in natural uranium. Since U-238 has a much longer half-life than the lighter isotopes, DU emits less alpha radiation than natural uranium. DU from nuclear reprocessing has different isotopic ratios from enrichment–by-product DU, from which it can be distinguished by the presence of U-236.DU used in US munitions has 60% of the radioactivity of natural uranium. Trace transuranics (another indicator of the use of reprocessed material) have been reported to be present in some US tank armor.The use of DU in munitions is controversial because of concerns about potential long-term health effects. Normal functioning of the kidney, brain, liver, heart, and numerous other systems can be affected by exposure to uranium, a toxic metal. It is only weakly radioactive because of its long radioactive half-life (4.468 billion years for uranium-238, 700 million years for uranium-235; or 1 part per million every 6446 and 1010 years, respectively). The biological half-life (the average time it takes for the human body to eliminate half the amount in the body) for uranium is about 15 days. The aerosol or spallation frangible of powder produced by impact and combustion of depleted uranium munitions can potentially contaminate wide areas around the impact sites, leading to possible inhalation by human beings.The actual level of acute and chronic toxicity of DU is also controversial. Several studies using cultured cells and laboratory rodents suggest the possibility of leukemogenic, genetic, reproductive, and neurological effects from chronic exposure. A 2005 epidemiology review concluded: \"\"In aggregate the human epidemiological evidence is consistent with increased risk of birth defects in offspring of persons exposed to DU.\"\"", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has set dates for two of the three phases of an inspection at the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Plant in Plymouth. Pilgrim's owner Entergy was notified of the dates in a letter dated December 18.\nInspection Procedure (IP) 95003 inspection was made a requirement following the NRC's mid-cycle performance review of the Plymouth power station. Based on the outcome of the review, NRC announced in September that they would be stepping up oversight at the plant.\nThe inspection will be done in three phases (A, B & C). Phase A will be conducted during the week of January 11, 2016. Phase B will be conducted during the week of April 4, 2016. The results of Phases A & B will determine the final scope and scheduling for Phase C.\nAccording to the NRC, Phase A will \"review various aspects of the station's corrective action program to determine whether continued operation of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station is acceptable\". Phase A will also determine if additional regulatory actions be necessary if plant performance has continued to decline since the mid-cycle review.\nDuring Phase B the three NRC inspectors will review overall corrective action program performance since the August mid-cycle review.\nOn October 13, Entergy announced it would be closing the Plymouth plant by June 2019. In their announcement, Entergy cited poor market conditions, reduced revenues and increased operational costs for the closure. The company did not cite increased NRC oversight or the slide from Column 3 to Column 4 of the NRC's Action Matrix as reasons for closing the station.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Texas nuclear plant expansion in doubtSubmitted by Katherine on Wed, 03/23/2011 - 14:42\nUtility company NRG has put the brakes on a plan to build two new nuclear reactors at its South Texas plant, CEO David Crane said Wednesday.\nHigh levels of uncertainty in the aftermath of Japan's nuclear disasters have led the company to limit work on the project to the licensing and securing of federal loan guarantees, Crane said.\nNo new nuclear plant has won final approval in the United States since the Three Mile Island accident in 1979, although site work is being done at a couple of locations around the country.\nEighty miles southeast of Houston, NRG (NRG, Fortune 500) wants to expand its nuclear facility from two reactors to four -- in part with financing from Tokyo Electric Power Company, the owner of the Fukushima Daiichi plant that was heavily damaged in Japan's earthquake and tsunami.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The privately-held US nuclear consultancy Nuclear Safety Associates based in Charlotte, North Carolina has been acquired by UK engineering group Atkins.\nThe 130-employee company, which specializes in US Department of Energy and Nuclear Regulatory Commission work, was established in 2001 and has seven locations in the USA.\nThe deal was first announced in May and was subject to regulatory approval, according to NSA. NSA said that a partnership was first formed with Atkins in October 2012 enabled both parties to \"clearly identify that we have great alignment on culture, core values and goals.\"\nProf Dr Uwe Krueger, Atkins' chief executive officer, commented: \"This acquisition is another step towards our strategy to be one of the world's leading energy consultancies. NSA will enhance our presence in North America, the world's largest nuclear market, and its safety and security skills will strengthen our international nuclear offering.\"\nIn September, it said that the acquisition is an exciting step \"in realizing our vision of becoming a dominant force in both the commercial and federal US nuclear industries. The combined capabilities provide a comprehensive range of architect-engineer and owner-engineer services offering a unique combination of traditional engineering and design skills with niche specialist nuclear analytical and safety skills.\"\nChris Ball, Atkins' managing director for the nuclear business in Energy said: \"Atkins' nuclear business is also supporting countries that are building nuclear for the first time, and those countries are establishing US-style regulatory regimes. NSA's expertise in the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulatory environment will be of great value in delivering these projects.\"\nTerms of the deal were not announced.\nIn May, NSA hired Elizabeth Saris as vice president of operations and strategic development. Saris will be responsible for instituting NSA's aggressive plan to double its revenues during the next three years and opening the company's Washington, D.C. office. She joins NSA from Leidos (formerly Science Applications International Corp.) where as senior vice president she led the company's $300 million federal and commercial programmes, nuclear weapons and nonproliferation, and civil infrastructure business.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Nuclear power experiencePublisher: Vienna: IAEA, 1983Description: 837 p. ilustraciones., cuadros.Subject(s): Energía Nuclear | Tecnología | Medio Ambiente | Salud | Congresos y ConferenciasDDC classification: 333.792.4\n|Item type||Current location||Collection||Call number||Status||Date due|\n|Libros||Documentos Externos||333.792.4/I116/v.4 (Browse shelf)||Available|\nProceedings of an international conference held in Vienna, 13 - 17 September 1982\nNuclear safety experience. Using nuclear safety experience. Development in safety analysis and technology. Man - machine interface in nuclear power plant control. Radiation protection at nuclear power plants and fuel cycle facilities. Regulatory experience. Regulatory experience in introducing nuclear power. Nuclear power, energy and environmental healt. Healt aspects of electricity production.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "This NEST project aims to provide the necessary education and hands-on training component to the new multilateral initiative currently developed by NEA to strengthen fuel and material- related experiments, making use of a variety of research reactors available world-wide, the FIDES Framework.\nThe safe, reliable and efficient operation of nuclear power plants requires nuclear fuel and materials (F&M) technology to evolve and for their performances to be optimised. Achieving this requires solid experimental evidence, which can only be obtained from test facilities with the ability to perform neutron irradiation under representative steady state or transient conditions. F&M test facilities are essential for:\nTraining young researchers in this area will allow NEST Member Countries to maintain and develop competences in this field. Each Fellow will have the possibility to carry out hands-on training activities in a variety of research reactors thus allowing to broaden its knowledge and expertise.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "By MARI YAMAGUCHI\nTOKYO (AP) — Experts from the International Atomic Energy Agency have asked Japan for full and detailed information about a plan to release treated but still radioactive water from the wrecked Fukushima nuclear plant into the ocean. The three-member team, which is assisting Japan with the planned release, met with government officials to discuss technical details before traveling to the Fukushima Daiichi plant for an on-site examination. The government and the plant’s operator plan to start releasing the water in spring 2023 so hundreds of storage tanks at the plant can be removed to make room for other facilities needed for its decommissioning. The idea has been fiercely opposed by fishermen, local residents and Japan’s neighbors, including China and South Korea.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "PPPL’s Hawryluk Named ITER Deputy Director-General\nMarch 8, 2011\nRichard Hawryluk, a senior scientist at the DOE Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), has been appointed deputy director-general of the ITER Organization and director of its administration department. The ITER project, currently under construction in France, aims to demonstrate that fusion is an energy source of the future.\n“Rich Hawryluk was the deputy director of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and has made an outstanding career in the field of fusion research,” said ITER Director-General Osamu Motojima. “With this appointment, the three-department structure of the ITER Organization comprising the Department for Administration, the Department for ITER Project, and the Department for Safety Quality and Security is now fully in place.”\nHawryluk, a leader in magnetic fusion energy research whose career in the field spans three decades, presently leads PPPL’s ITER and Tokamaks Department. He was deputy director of the laboratory from 1997 to 2008. He will assume the new post at ITER in April.\n“Rich’s appointment to this key position will be seen worldwide as a major boost to the ITER project,” said PPPL Director Stewart Prager. “The upper management of ITER is now entirely filled with ‘the best in the world.’ While we will greatly miss his irreplaceable leadership within PPPL, Rich’s new activity is very much a net plus for all of us in fusion, given the central role of ITER to the world fusion program.”\nHawryluk joined PPPL’s research staff in 1974 and was the head of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) project when it produced record-breaking results in the early 1990s.\n“I was very fortunate to participate in the TFTR deuterium-tritium experiments, which provided the first indications of the physics associated with a burning plasma,” Hawryluk said. “I look forward to working with the ITER team in constructing a facility such that future scientists and engineers will be able to fully assess the physics of a burning plasma, which is critical for the development of fusion energy.”\nTFTR was the largest magnetic confinement fusion facility in the United States and was the only U.S. facility to operate with the hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium (D-T). A 50/50 mixture of D-T is the fuel mixture required for a commercial fusion power plant. While Hawryluk was the Project Head, TFTR achieved world-record values of fusion power and made fundamental contributions to the understanding of high-temperature plasmas. In 1994, TFTR produced 10.7 million watts of fusion power. Plasma is a hot, electrically charged gas used as the fuel to produce fusion energy — the power source of the Sun and other stars.\nFormer PPPL Director Robert Goldston was at PPPL’s helm when Hawryluk was deputy director. “Rich is a spectacularly good choice for this position at ITER,” Goldston said. “During his eleven years in the director’s office at PPPL, he demonstrated an unparalleled depth of understanding of every aspect of scientific administration, and very good judgment on an extraordinarily wide range of issues. As everyone knows, he also has a very deep understanding of fusion science and engineering, so he will bring his own technical insights to share with the ITER leadership team as well. Rich exemplifies the quality of leadership that ITER needs to succeed.\"\nHawryluk received a Ph.D. in physics in 1974, and master’s and bachelor’s degrees in physics in 1972, all from MIT. He has published more than 150 research papers in journals and conference proceedings, and has served on many advisory and review committees, including most recently as a member of the ITER Management Advisory Committee. He is the recipient of numerous awards, including the Fusion Power Associates Leadership Award and the American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow Award in 2007, the U.S. Department of Energy Distinguished Associate Award in 1995, and the American Physical Society Prize for Excellence in Plasma Physics in 1988. Hawryluk is a Fellow of the American Physical Society.\nHawryluk lives in West Windsor Township with his wife.\nITER, named for the Latin word for “the way,” has seven project partners, including China, the European Union, India, Japan, Russia, South Korea, and the U.S. PPPL is part of the U.S. ITER effort.\nPrinceton Plasma Physics Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory managed by Princeton University.\n© 2020 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. All rights reserved.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "ANTONIO DI BUONO BEng\nDoctoral Research Student\nSince the beginning of my university studies I have shown interest in nuclear energy, and for this reason I attended a Master’s degree in Nuclear Engineering at the University of Pisa. During my degree I spent six months at the University of Birmingham for my thesis work on the “Development\nof a prototype drone for nuclear decommissioning and radiation surveys”.\nDeveloping the next generation of nuclear decommissioning robotics research. Working in partnership with the nuclear sector and other universities around the UK and EU to reduce risk, accelerate productivity and reduce long term costs.\nSHARE ON SOCIAL MEDIA", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "US researchers have released a study warning that radiation from the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan may eventually cause up to 1,300 deaths.\nA US study into the Fukushima meltdowns in Japan has contradicted UN claims that radiation from the disaster will cause no severe health effects.\nThe head of the United Nations committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation last year predicted there would be no serious public health consequences resulting from Fukushima radiation.\nBut a study by researchers from Stanford University in the US warns the meltdowns could cause anywhere up to 1,300 deaths.\nIt also predicts the disaster could cause anywhere between 24 and 2,500 cancer cases.\nThe researchers used a 3D atmospheric model developed over two decades of research to predict the spread and impact of Fukushima radiation.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Iran Signals Possible Nuclear Compromise\nIran's top nuclear official has signaled that Iran could compromise on uranium enrichment by eventually only enriching to the low level needed for power.\nFereidoon Abbasi, head of the Iranian Atomic Energy Organization, told state television on Sunday that Iran doesn't need uranium enriched above the 20 percent level needed for the Tehran research reactor which produces medical isotopes. Once there's enough supply, he said, enrichment could be dropped it to the 3.5 percent level needed for nuclear power (weapons-grade uranium is more than 90 percent enriched).\n\"Based on our needs and once the required fuel is obtained, we will decrease the production and we may even totally shift it to the 3.5 percent,\" Abbasi said, according to Iran's Press TV.\n\"We are going to produce and store [20 percent enriched uranium] to some extent in order to provide fuel for Tehran's [research] reactor for a few years or to predict fuel needs of another research reactor,\" he said.\nThe comments come days before Iran begins a new round of talks on Saturday in Istanbul with the so-called P5+1, the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and Germany. The last round of talks fell apart in January 2011. Since then, the United States and European Union have imposed strict economic sanctions and an oil embargo on Iran.\nThe P5+1 nations are expected to ask for Iran to shut down the Fordow enrichment facility buried deep under a mountain as well as to stop production and ship out uranium enriched to 20 percent, according to a report in the New York Times.\nBut comments today by Iran's foreign minister raised doubts over any concessions.\n\"Setting conditions before the meeting means drawing conclusions, which is completely meaningless and none of the parties will accept conditions set before the talks,\" Ali Akbar Salehi said.\nOn Sunday, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad defended Iran's nuclear program, saying it would not go beyond the terms of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and lashing out at the countries opposed to the program.\n\"Many of these very countries that are seeking to stop the progress of the Islamic Republic themselves have atomic weapons and they have also created the Zionist regime [Israel] and equipped it with the atomic bomb,\" he said.\nIran has long insisted that its nuclear program is only for peaceful purposes while the U.S. and its supporters believe Iran would like to build a nuclear weapon. President Obama has repeatedly said that all options are on the table to deal with Iran while Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, who has been weighing a military strike on Iran's nuclear facilities, said Sunday that he wants all Iranian uranium enrichment to stop and all its material removed.\nHowever, in a contradictory statement, Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak said Sunday that Iran could keep \"a quantity of several hundred kilograms which would not allow for the continued enrichment for weapons or a nuclear facility.\"\nAfter several weeks of disagreement over where - and whether - this week's talks would be held, Iran's semi-official news agency Fars reported Sunday that a first round would be held starting Saturday in Istanbul, followed by a second round in Baghdad \"in case of progress.\"", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Welcome to the Shroomery Message Board! You are experiencing a small sample of what the site has to offer. Please login or register to post messages and view our exclusive members-only content. You'll gain access to additional forums, file attachments, board customizations, encrypted private messages, and much more!\nExile Opposition: Iran Hiding Another Nuke Site Mon October 13, 2003 10:25 AM ET By Louis Charbonneau\nVIENNA (Reuters) - An Iranian opposition group that has provided accurate information about undeclared nuclear facilities in Iran in the past said Monday that Tehran has been hiding another nuclear facility from U.N. inspectors.\n\"We have information about another secret nuclear facility in Iran,\" an official from the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI), an exiled opposition group, told Reuters. The official gave no details about the site, but said the NCRI would provide full details Tuesday.\nIn an emailed statement, the NCRI also said it would provide information on Iran's use of foreign technology in its atomic program, as well as details about the Kalaye Electric Co., where U.N. inspectors found traces of weapons-grade uranium.\nIAEA officials were not immediately available for comment.\nIn August 2002, the NCRI broke the news of two undeclared nuclear sites in Iran -- a massive uranium-enrichment complex at Natanz and a heavy-water production facility at Arak.\nTehran later declared these facilities to the U.N. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which has placed surveillance cameras at Natanz to ensure that no undeclared nuclear activities take place there.\nIn addition to the uranium found at Kalaye, the IAEA found traces of weapons-grade enriched uranium at Natanz, fueling fears that Iran has been secretly purifying uranium for use in an atomic bomb.\nTehran denies it secretly enriched uranium and blamed the traces on contaminated machinery purchased abroad in the 1980s.\nThe NCRI is a coalition of exiled opposition groups and sees itself as a potential replacement for Islamic rule in Iran. But the State Department and the European Union list the NCRI's armed wing, the People's Mujahideen, as a terrorist group.\nLast month the governing board of the IAEA gave Iran until October 31 to prove it is not diverting nuclear resources to a secret weapons program, as the United States alleges, or face sanctions by the U.N. Security Council.\nIAEA chief Mohamed ElBaradei has been invited to Tehran on Thursday, though an agency spokeswoman said he had not decided yet whether he would accept.\nYou cannot start new topics / You cannot reply to topics HTML is disabled / BBCode is enabled\nModerator: Enlil 348 topic views. 2 members, 0 guests and 5 web crawlers are browsing this forum.\n[ Toggle Favorite | Print Topic | Stats ]", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Delay at Finland's New Nuclear Reactor Imperils Country's Power Supply\nCC BY-SA 3.0 / Unknown / Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant in Eurajoki, FinlandOlkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant in Eurajoki, Finland\nDespite being touted as a “flagship of European nuclear energy,” Olkiluoto-3 has taken more than 15 years to complete, cost the Nordic nation dearly and ranks among the world’s most expensive buildings, with a staggering price tag of at least $11 billion.\nFinland’s new Olkiluoto 3 reactor will remain offline longer than expected, and full-scale electricity production will not commence before 2023.\nIts owner Teollisuuden Voima announced that an investigation into damage at the already much-delayed reactor’s feedwater pumps will continue for a number of weeks, with a knock-on effect on the schedule of regular electricity production. Due to the ongoing investigation, the exact timeframe for the launch of the reactor remains unknown, but was estimated as the end of January 2022 at the earliest.\nDuring the ongoing investigation, maintenance work will continue at the plant unit’s turbine.\nFurther delays to regular electricity production at Olkiluoto 3 will have a significant impact on Finland's electricity self-sufficiency. Since the reactor won’t be operational by winter, energy prices, already elevated as a result of Europe’s energy pinch, are likely to rise even further.\nThe damage to the reactor is thus a major setback for the cold Nordic nation, whose authorities had already warned of an elevated risk of shortages and even blackouts unless the reactor provides a reliable supply of electricity.\nThe latest delay increases uncertainty over the country's power supply this winter, especially in January, national grid operator Fingrid stressed. Earlier this autumn, it predicted a peak electricity consumption in Finland of 14,400 megawatts for this winter, whereas domestic production, even with Olkiluoto 3 included, would only cover 12,900 megawatts.\n30 October 2022, 10:58 GMT\nOlkiluoto 3, a 1,900-megawatt European Pressurized Water Reactor (EPR), was granted a construction permit in 2005 and was originally scheduled for completion in 2009. The order made Finland the first Western European nation in 15 years to order a new nuclear reactor, following a protracted nuclear scare driven by the Three Mile Island accident in 1979 and the Chernobyl catastrophe in 1986.\nHowever, the project has faced a long stream of delays, technical issues, cost overruns and legal disputes. With a breathtaking price tag of $11 billion already in 2018. Olkiluoto-3 has long been touted as the “flagship of European nuclear energy,” but has taken more than 15 years to complete, cost the Nordic nation dearly and ranks among the world’s most expensive buildings.\nEurope’s energy crisis has been aggravated by Brussels’ ill-conceived energy sanctions against Moscow over its special operation in Ukraine. The EU in general has been heavily reliant on Russian fossil fuels, with Moscow supplying some 40 percent of its natural gas and some 27 percent of its imported oil before the conflict.\nNevertheless, despite this substantial level of dependence, the EU issued a blank 'no' to Russian fossil fuels as part of its massive sanctions campaign in a bid to “punish” Russia. However, as trouble with finding alternative sources arose, numerous EU nations are now resorting to austerity measures to conserve energy, with authorities issuing grave warnings about rolling blackouts.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Opportunity provides students with research experience at Oak Ridge National Laboratory\nOAK RIDGE, Tenn.—Students interested in spending next spring or summer expanding their experience in nuclear engineering or science research can apply now for upcoming research opportunities being offered through the Nuclear Engineering Science Laboratory Synthesis (NESLS). NESLS, a cooperative research initiative at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) that is administered through the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), is accepting applications for spring and summer 2017.\nNESLS offers students like Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Briana Hiscox, hands-on educational and research opportunities in areas that may include nuclear security technologies; nuclear systems analysis, design and safety; and fuels, isotopes, and nuclear materials. Other features of the internship include:\n- Stipend based on academic status, ranging from $529-$935 per week for full-time; pro-rated for part-time\n- Travel/housing assistance (based on eligibility)\nTo be eligible, students must be enrolled at an accredited U.S. college or university in a nuclear engineering, science, or eligible related field with a 3.0/4.0 cumulative GPA at the time of appointment. Community college students must be working toward an Associate of Science or Associate of Engineering degree. All awards and active participation in the program are contingent upon security access approval to ORNL.\nFor the spring 2017 internships, applicants must apply by Jan. 6, 2016, and for the summer 2017 opportunities, applicants must apply by Feb. 28, 2017. All applications must be submitted through the online application system. Students can also visit http://www.orau.org/ornl/ for more information on this program and other educational opportunities that are currently seeking applicants.\nThe Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) asset that is dedicated to enabling critical scientific, research, and health initiatives of the department and its laboratory system by providing world class expertise in STEM workforce development, scientific and technical reviews, and the evaluation of radiation exposure and environmental contamination.\nORISE is managed by ORAU, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation and federal contractor, for DOE’s Office of Science. The single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, the Office of Science is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit science.osti.gov.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "In this study, we present an exhaustive model to simulate the detection of beta particles with scintillating fibres, based on a chronological follow-up of the information carrier. We manufactured a detector composed of a bundle of 100 BCF-10 scintillating fibres, which will be used to compare simulation and experimental results. A Monte-Carlo simulation model of the detector was generated using the MCNP6.2 code. To simulate more accurately the generation of scintillation photons inside the detector, particle tracking was used which allows us to use the incident beta particle stopping power instead of the energy deposition. A small energy deposition from a high-energy beta particle should not be processed as an incident low energy beta particle, as they will not yield the same number of scintillation photons. Using stopping power over energy deposition for beta particles enables to use theoretical scintillation laws, which take into account the ionisation quenching effect. Indeed, for low energy electrons, there is a discrepancy of the scintillation linearity. By integrating the quenching ionisation law into our model, we can evaluate more precisely the expected experimental spectrum at very low incident energies. Based on the literature, a more detailed photon trapping efficiency is calculated, which was found to be underestimated in the scintillating fibre technical sheet. The manufacturer value corresponds to a trapping efficiency based on meridional rays solely, while the calculated value also factors in the skew rays. Self-absorption in the fibre was estimated using an exponential loss at the scintillation wavelength. Interface between the fibre and the photomultiplier was evaluated using Fresnel and transmission equations. Finally, the probability distributions associated with the photocathode quantum efficiency and the photomultiplier gain were both taken into account to generate expected acquisition spectra. To do so, we used the thermionic signal, comparable to the amplification of a single photoelectron, to evaluate the photomultiplier gain distribution. This model will help in evaluating the detector applicability to specific experimental scenarios such as nuclear decommissioning and dismantling operations.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "DOE O 461.1B, Packaging and Transportation for Offsite Shipment of Materials of National Security Interest\nFunctional areas: Defense Nuclear Facility Safety and Health Requirement, Packaging and Transportation, Security, Travel and Transportation, Work Processes\nThe purpose of this Order is to make clear that the packaging and transportation of all offsite shipments of materials of national security interest for DOE must be conducted in accordance with DOT and Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulations that would be applicable to comparable commercial shipments, except where an alternative course of action is identified in this Order. Supersedes DOE O 461.1A.\no4611bFinal12-16-10.pdf -- PDF Document, 185 KB\n|ID:||DOE O 461.1B|\n|OPI:||NA - National Nuclear Security Administration|\n|Approved Date:||Dec 20, 2010|", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "There stands the only plant in the world, a survivor of Allied bombing in World War II, capable of producing the central part of a nuclear reactor's containment vessel in a single piece, reducing the risk of a radiation leak.\nUtilities that won't need the equipment for years are making $100 million down payments now on components Japan Steel makes from 600-ton ingots. Each year the Tokyo-based company can turn out just four of the steel forgings that contain the radioactivity in a nuclear reactor. Even after it doubles capacity in the next two years, there won't be enough production to meet building plans.\n``If there are 50 to 100 reactors or more to be built, there will be a real shortage and real delays in deliveries, so it's a good hedge to get in line now,'' said Ron Pitts, senior vice president for nuclear operations at the construction and engineering company Fluor Corp. in Irving, Texas.\nPitts estimated the cost of heavy forgings, including reactor containment vessels, steam generators and pressurizers, at $300 million to $350 million for each generating unit. Japan Steel wouldn't comment on the size of the down payment, which Pitts estimated at $100 million.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "- eBook ISBN 9781483291628\n- Print ISBN 9780444987082\nThe book is divided into 7 main chapters, with the exception of the opening one and the chapter providing a phenomenological background for the subject of radiation damage. Chapters 3-6 are devoted to RPV steels and chapters 7-9 to zirconium alloys, analysing their radiation damage structure, changes of mechanical properties due to neutron irradiation as well as factors influencing the degree of their performance degradation. The recovery of damaged materials is also discussed. Considerable attention is paid to a comparison of VVER-type and western-type light-water materials.\nThis monograph will be of great value to postgraduate students in nuclear engineering and materials science, and for designers and research workers in nuclear energy.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Anonymous comments will be moderated. Join for free and post now!\nMaybe they were trying to catch up withn then NRC. Kára McCullough, the Miss District of Columbia became Miss USA 2017 in mid-May in Las Vegas. The 25-year-old winner is a scientist and technical reviewer at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Renovated nuclear reactor building opens as world-class labs\nANN ARBOR—More than a decade after the Ford Nuclear Reactor shut down for the last time, the building comes back to life today as the Nuclear Engineering Laboratory.\nInside it, researchers in the nation’s top-ranked nuclear engineering program will focus on advancing nuclear security, nonproliferation, safety and energy. The equipment that the new lab will house includes a high-resolution system for imaging coolant flow in reactors in unprecedented detail, and an accelerator that will be used in development of faster, more accurate ways to identify nuclear materials.\n“This new Nuclear Engineering Laboratory building is the culmination of some seven years of planning, design and construction,” said Ronald Gilgenbach, the Chihiro Kikuchi Collegiate Professor and chair of the Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences.\n“The laboratories in this building will provide the world’s finest university facilities for research in the fields of nuclear measurements for nonproliferation, thermal hydraulics for nuclear reactor safety and advanced radiation detector development.”\nThe $12.4 million renovation, which began in 2015, is made possible in large part by Bob and Betty Beyster, who gave the first $5 million for the project. Bob Beyster received bachelor’s degrees in engineering physics and engineering math from U-M in 1945. He earned master’s and doctoral degrees in physics at U-M in 1947 and 1950, respectively. Mary Ann Beyster, daughter of Bob and Betty Beyster and president of the Foundation for Enterprise Development, spoke at the building opening.\n“Dad’s company, Science Applications International Corporation, addressed nationally important nuclear priorities for the federal government from day one and expanded IT technical service to the country and the private sector over its approaching five decades,” Mary Ann Beyster said. “He would be incredibly impressed by what we see here today: His investment in the future, along with others, has turned into a three-dimensional space where researchers can address critically important issues for this nation and the world.”\nThe four-story building contains 13,200 square feet of laboratories, offices and conference rooms. Inside it:\n- The Glenn F. Knoll Nuclear Measurements Laboratory will commemorate a leader in the field of nuclear measurements and a beloved former nuclear engineering and radiological sciences (NERS) professor, department chair and interim dean of the college of engineering. Knoll earned his Ph.D. from the NERS department in 1963. Zhong He and David Wehe, both NERS professors, will build and test gamma ray cameras for detecting nuclear materials.\n- The Harold N. Cohn Conference Room will provide formal discussion space overlooking the reflecting pool given to the college by the class of 1947, of which Cohn was a member. He received his bachelor’s degree in aeronautical engineering that year.\n- The John S. King Student Collaboratory will serve as an informal space for students to work together and discuss ideas with one another and with faculty. Back when the Ford Nuclear Reactor was new, King led the effort to set up a world-class research program for the study of material structures using neutrons produced in the reactor. King earned a bachelor’s degree in political science at Princeton, followed at U-M by a second bachelor’s in engineering in 1948 and then master’s and doctoral degrees, respectively, in 1949 and 1953.\n- Sara Pozzi, NERS professor, will house her Detection for Nuclear Nonproliferation group in the new lab space. The radiation detection methods developed under the Consortium for Verification Technology—led by Pozzi, Wehe and and Shaun Clarke, associate research scientist—are important for efforts to ensure that nuclear materials aren’t used as weapons. Pozzi’s group is installing a new accelerator that will shoot electrons or gamma rays into nuclear materials, causing them to emit more radiation. This technique, known as active interrogation, can enable faster, more accurate identification of nuclear materials.\n- Annalisa Manera, NERS associate professor, and Victor Petrov, assistant research scientist, will study how steam and water flow at high pressure through complex reactor components such as fuel bundles. Their work will explore ways to improve the safety and economics of nuclear reactors. Their research group has developed and built a high-resolution imaging system that utilizes “gamma tomography” to resolve details as small as 1 millimeter. Measurements of the steam-water flow structure at this level will shed light on coolant flow inside current and advanced reactors and will help improve the modeling of coolant flow in virtual reactors. “We are the only thermal-hydraulics group in the country with such an imaging system,” Manera said. “It is exciting that we will soon be able to produce experimental data everybody in our field is waiting for.”\n- Michael Atzmon, NERS professor, will investigate amorphous materials, which have relevance to radiation damage. His group explores the foundations of their material properties.\n- Igor Jovanovic, NERS professor, will develop a new lab using lasers to detect radioactive materials.\nThe former reactor space, thoroughly cleared of radioactive residues, is well suited to nuclear engineering research because the thick walls are designed to stop radiation—built-in protection for people inside and out of the building. While the reactor was once the centerpiece of the Michigan Memorial Phoenix Project, which focused on developing peaceful uses of the atom, the spirit of its founders will live on in the Nuclear Engineering Laboratories.\n“Michigan’s leadership in nuclear engineering goes back to the dawn of the field, as the first degree program of its kind. Michigan’s research is spurring progress in nuclear power production through reactor safety and advanced reactor designs, and is leading the development of state-of-the-art sensors for nuclear nonproliferation,” said Alec Gallimore, the Robert J. Vlasic Dean of Engineering and the Richard F. and Eleanor A. Towner Professor.\nThe new facilities are also made possible by $800,000 in gifts from Gladys Hetzner Knoll, who received a bachelor’s degree in nursing in 1978 and a master’s in 1980, and is the widow of Glenn Knoll; the estate of Harold N. Cohn; and the family and friends of John S. King.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Call for Papers - Due February 4, 2022\nThe theme for this year’s meeting is “The New Outlook.” We’ve been through a lot in the last 2 years: a global pandemic and associated disruption of the global economic system, broadscale shocks in energy prices and availability, and strengthened international momentum toward deep decarbonization and ultimately Net Zero. There is palpable excitement in the nuclear community about the future prospects for the harnessed atom. Challenges await, but a new wave of nuclear technology innovation promises to play a larger role in the evolving geopolitical landscape. Now is the perfect time to re-examine how and where nuclear fits in our new world. It is also a great opportunity to meet a new generation of nuclear professionals and build relationships that will last a lifetime.\nInternational Conference on Nuclear Fuel Cycle | Sustainable Energy Beyond the Pandemic\nFounded in 1993, GLOBAL is the largest international forum dedicated to the nuclear fuel cycle.\nClimate change is at the heart of both economic and societal challenges of today’s world. The past year, marked by a global pandemic, has reinforced the awareness of the impact of climate change and the growing need for the production of low carbon energy.\nThis increase of energy capacity integrates new requirements on production and consumption methods to optimize the usage of natural resources, minimize the environmental impact in a sustainable manner and increase the circular economy. Thus, nuclear as an energy source has a key role to play in meeting the energy needs of today and tomorrow by contributing to the production of reliable, low-carbon and competitive electricity in compliance with safety, security and environmental requirements.\nThis new edition located in Reims during 3 days will provide an outstanding forum for high-level experts and stakeholders from around the world, to share recent technological advances, developments of new markets and applications that lead to enhance the positioning of nuclear power as well as its public support. The complete view of the nuclear fuel cycle and its evolution, from mining to recycling up to final disposal of waste will be discussed in order to shed light on the future of nuclear power.\nThe 20th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactor meeting is to foster an exchange of ideas about such problems and their remedies in water-cooled nuclear power plants of today and of the future.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Greek Atomic Energy Commission (EEAE) publishes the final report of the IRRS (Integrated Regulatory Review Service) follow-up mission in Greece which was conducted from 19 to 24 November 2017.\nThe Greek Atomic Energy Commission (EEAE) welcomes from 19 to 24 November 2017 an Integrated Regulatory Review Service (IRRS) follow-up mission in Greece for the areas of radiation protection and nuclear safety.\nEEAE presents the Greek national report under the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management.\nΕΕΑΕ presents the Annual Activity Report of the year 2016, a report which summarizes the whole range of its activities throughout last year.\nFollowing an announcement of October 9th about the detection of small amounts of radioactivity (ruthenium-106) in the atmosphere of the country, EEAE announces that in the period 5 to 11 October 2017 the detected radioactivity was almost eliminated, with concentrations around or below the detection limit of the measurements (<0.2 mBq/m3).\nThe Greek Atomic Energy Commission (EEAE) announces that in the period September 27 - October 5, 2017, small quantities of radioactivity were detected in the atmosphere at Athens. The isotope detected is ruthenium-106 (Ru-106).\nThe Greek Atomic Energy Commission presents its new logo!\nThe 4th Regulatory Conference on Nuclear Safety in Europe is taking place in Brussels from 28 to 29 June 2017.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "As this web page has reported for many days, there is unquestionably fuel damage in Fukushima Units 1, 2 & 3. How much is purely speculative, at this point. Because of sporadic over-pressure conditions inside each of the three reactor vessels due to decay heat production, relief valves automatically opened and dumped radioactive steam into the pressure-suppressing torus of each. The torus contains a large volume of water. The steam from the reactor is released below the torus water level, and a considerable amount of combined boiling and steam condensation takes place. It is a very chaotic situation inside the torus when pressure is relieved from the reactor. Obviously, the water in the torus gets heated rapidly, and the interior becomes a helter-skelter mixture of steam and water. Naturally, pressure inside the torus increases. At Fukushima, if and when internal torus pressure reaches a pre-determined limit, another relief valve system actuates on the torus itself, letting a mixture of steam and water be exhausted outside the plant. The secondary containment surrounds the primary containment and houses at least four floors of auxiliary equipment, each of which is built entirely out of thick, steel reinforced, high-density concrete. Part of this secondary containment extends outside the Reactor Building, under the turbine generators in the attached Turbine Building.\nThe contamination levels and isotopic content of the waters found in “puddles” on the Unit #3 turbine basement floor, and in the building drains, were reported here yesterday. It was also reported that the analyses indicated the much of the water came from the spent fuel pools. Further, it was reported that this strongly indicated that there was no breach of reactor or primary containment integrity. Reactor water level and pressure monitoring systems have been electronically recovered. Water levels are constant and pressures are constant as well, in each reactor. This indicates the reactor vessels are intact. Also, pressure monitors inside the primary containments have been re-energized, and pressures there are constant. This suggests that the integrity of none of the three reactor vessels or primary containments have been compromised.\nTo expand on yesterday’ report, the water-borne contamination in the turbine building basements and drains did not only come from the spent fuel pools during spraying. There is also, most certainly, some reactor fuel-damaged isotopes in the mix, due to torus pressure relief transients. A quick glance at the contamination concentrations for each isotope, published by the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA), shows the radiological concentrations of Chlorine-38 (a neutron activation product) and Cesium-137 (fission by-product) are about equal. This could only be the case if the waters came from both sources.\nThis does not mean that half of the water came from the reactor and half from the spent fuel pool. But, a look at the respective half-lives of the two isotopes gives us a powerful clue. Cl-38 has a half life of 37 minutes. Cs-137 has a half life of 30 years. The differences reveal many levels of information, but the one germane to our topic is this…radioactivity diminishes only as fast or slow as the isotopes’ half life. The shorter the half life, the quicker it burns itself out. Total loss of radioactivity is no more than ten half-lives. Thus, the Cl-38 radioactive lifetime, before it is gone, is a little over 6 hours. The probable time delay between the Cl-38 being formed in the spent fuel pools, flushed out by the water sprays, and finding its way into the basement…including the additional time it took before the “puddles” and drains were discovered to contain the Cl-38…must have been a few hours, at least. Let’s say 3 hours. That’s roughly 5 half lives, which would have reduced the radiological concentration by a factor of 32 (two to the fifth power). For the analyzed level of Cl-38 to be equal to Cs-37, the initial radioactivity level must have been 32 times greater than the Cesium. Thus, it is safe to say most of the contaminated water came from the spent fuel pool of Unit #3.\nNow for more radiological news…\n- Early today, TEPCO released a report that an enormous increase in the radioactivity level of the “puddles” had occurred. They reported an increase by a factor of 10,000,000. Less than an hour later, they retracted the report with considerable apologies. There has been a reported increase, but by a factor of 25. These numbers are about ten million times greater than what would be typical for the water flowing through the reactor during routine operation…which are actually very tiny concentrations to begin with. Reactor water is so pure that it barely conducts electricity! Regardless, the 10,000,000 number relates to ultra pure reactor water concentrations, but not to any kind of increase since yesterday. Further, it seems the new readings were from puddles different from the one analyzed yesterday, and these puddles are located in the Unit #2 turbine basement. This is yet another example of TEPCO’s poor communications, not only between TEPCO and the Press, but internally between TEPCO informational staff and the staff toiling at the Fukushima plant itself. In addition, we are now seeing indications of informational panic. Before publicly reporting radiological readings that seem astronomically changed in a very short period of time, TEPCO spokepersons should be skeptical. Very skeptical. They should have re-checked and triple checked the information. Verification to the Nth degree. If true and verifiable, then and only then report it. Reporting massive radiological changes without major changes in the plant’s equipment or containment status can be, and now has been, an informational disaster. All prudent efforts must be made to improve news media and public confidence in TEPCO press statements, but this has surely brought confidence in TEPCO information to a new low. Up until now, TEPCO’s press statements have been relatively thin with respect to content, but they’re information has ultimately proved correct. Now, the level of confidence that may have been previously established has been diminished, if not lost completely. In addition, the new, higher readings came from the turbine basement adjacent to Unit #2, not yesterday’s Unit #3 discovery. Unit #2’s spent fuel pool received considerably more seawater spraying than the other three because it still has a roof and walls surrounding it. The spraying was through the few holes which seem to have been caused by flying debris, which would has greatly inhibited getting the sprays directly to the #2 pool itself. As a result, the dilution of boric acid levels in that pool must have been greater than with the other three pools. Thus, low level fissioning in the pool must have been greater than the other three, producing a higher concentration of neutron activation isotopes and higher “puddle” radiological readings. Which leads to the next item of interest…\n- It has become increasingly apparent that the Fukushima Health Physics (HP) staff is either overwhelmed or incompetent. Or both. TEPCO now reports that there are several highly contaminated “puddles” in all four turbine building basements. These “puddles” did not magically appear. They must have been there, building up in their size and depth, for days. Before any worker should be allowed into a contaminated or potentially contaminated area, regardless of their radiological protection training level, detailed scans with sensitive portable monitors by HP professionals must be performed. “Hot spots”, precise locations of high radioactivity and their dimensions, must be identified and depicted clearly on maps of each area to be entered. Each person who enters the area must be fully indoctrinated on these hot spots, given a copy of the “hot spot” map or maps concerning where the worker will be going, and apprised of all prudent precautions to be taken to avoid these “hot spots” along the way. Further, when radiation levels are found to be high in areas where necessary work must be performed, an HP professional with sensitive monitoring equipment must accompany the workers to insure that their safety will not be compromised. From Japanese Press reports, TEPCO admits that few or none of these precautions were taken, in order to expedite stringing of emergency power cables. Good HP practices must never be compromised, especially when the risk of further core fuel damage to any of the reactors has already been virtually eliminated, as was the case before yesterday.\n- Two bad results have come from the above two items. First, the stringing of emergency cabling in the turbine building basements has ceased until a detailed monitoring of the turbine building basements is complete and all “hot spots” have been clearly identified. This will agonizingly lengthen the time it will take to bring the reactors in Units 1, 2 & 3 into the ultimate condition of safety; cold shutdown. Second, all Japanese Press services are lambasting TEPCO for bad communications and a severe lack of concern for the safety of Fukushima employees…and they have ever reason to do this!\n- On a more positive note, the Japanese Press reports the three workers sent to the hospital yesterday are in good condition, but remain under observation. Tests done on the ankle burns to the two contaminated workers have revealed how much beta skin dose they probably got…between 200 and 300 sieverts! That’s not life threatening, nor is it “limb threatening”, but it is a whopping big dose. Biggest beta skin dose this writer has ever heard of. That level of skin dosage would result in burns similar to very severe sunburn.\nAnd, finally, today’s technical update on the emergency status of Units 1, 2 &3…\n…not much from TEPCO! However, The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reports…\n- the control rooms of all three units now have electric power and the lighting systems re-energized (as well as many reactor and containment monitoring read-outs). Reactor internal environment and primary containment monitors are providing good data.\n- Freshwater is now being used to replenish all reactor water levels.\n- Reactor internal temperatures in #1 and #2 are coming down. Reactor #1 is at 142 degrees C, and dropping. Temperature in reactor #2 has dropped to 97 degrees C, which is below the boiling point of water.\n- Pressures inside all three reactors have “stabilized”.\n- Plans are being made to transfer the contaminated waters in the turbine building basements to the voluminous condenser tanks attached to the bottoms of the turbines. This will reduce the chance for continued drainage to the sea, if not eliminate it entirely. This will also reduce radiation levels in the turbine basements and severely reduce the risk of future worker contamination experiences, allowing the emergency cable-stringing efforts to resume.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "BETHESDA, Md. – Centrus Energy Corp. (NYSE American: LEU) announced today it has signed a contract with UT-Battelle, LLC, as operator of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), to continue advancing the AC100, a U.S. gas centrifuge uranium enrichment technology, at the Company’s facilities in Oak Ridge, Tenn. The new contract is valued at $16 million, with payments made upon completing certain defined milestones, and runs through September 30, 2018.\nUnder the contract, Centrus’ scientists, engineers, and operators will test improvements developed by the Company for the AC100 centrifuge machine in specialized facilities in Oak Ridge. Centrus has worked under contract with ORNL since 2014 to improve the AC100 gas centrifuge technology to support national security and energy security needs.\n“Our team of scientists, engineers, and manufacturing experts in Oak Ridge continue to advance the AC100 centrifuge technology for potential deployment in support of America’s vital strategic interests,” said Daniel Poneman, Centrus president and chief executive officer. “Under this new contract, we look forward to working with Oak Ridge National Laboratory to continue improving the technology to further reduce costs and increase efficiency.”\nAbout Centrus Energy Corp.\nCentrus Energy is a trusted supplier of enriched uranium fuel for commercial nuclear power plants in the United States and around the world. With world-class technical and engineering capabilities, Centrus is advancing the next generation of centrifuge technologies so that America can restore its domestic uranium enrichment capability in the future.\nSince 1998, the Company has provided its utility customers with more than 1,750 reactor years of fuel, which is equivalent to 7 billion tons of coal. We provide value to our utility customers through the reliability and diversity of our supply sources – helping them meet the growing need for clean, affordable, carbon-free electricity.\nSource: Centrus Energy Corp", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Abstract The deuterium--tritium (D--T) burning plasma characteristic in an aspect ratio A=2 tokamak reactor is studied based on a simple equilibrium configuration,the Soloviev-type configuration. Operation limits for the Troyon beta value and for the Greenwald density value as well as for the ITER H-mode\nconfinement scaling are used as the benchmark. It is found that in addition to suitable elongation, large triangularity has advantage for arriving at high beta value and obtaining high fusion power output. Compared to the present ITER design, the A=2 system can have very good merit for the\navoidance of disruptions by setting rather high edge q value while keeping relatively large total toroidal current. The main disadvantage of decreasing the aspect ratio is due to the loss of more useful space in the inward region that leads to the decrease of toroidal magnetic field in the plasma\nregion, then worsening the fusion merit. Our analysis and calculation also present a trade-off in this respect. Due to simple equilibrium configuration assumed, some other important issues such as the bootstrap current alignment cannot be optimized. However, the present analysis can offer an insight into the advantages of the medium aspect ratio reactor system that is a blank in present-day tokamak study.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Having faced stiff opposition since its inception, the national Yucca Mountain Repository, an underground storage facility for nuclear waste in Nevada, won't open for at least a decade.\nIn the early days of nuclear energy, dealing with radioactive waste seemed like an afterthought, and a stickling point, of the industry and its well-wishers. It soon became clear that not too many people wanted it in \"their backyards.\" As a result, the waste has remained near the nuclear power plants that produce it. Many people, including scientists at the National Academy of Science, had recommended a single, safe and well-protected place for it.\nThe U.S. stopped reprocessing nuclear fuel during the late 1970s by order of President Jimmy Carter, who wanted to curtail the availability of the weapons-grade material produced by the process. This decision turned what had been a resource back into a waste product, and \"made the lack of a viable long-term disposal strategy for radioactive waste even more apparent,\" according to a Carnegie Mellon University paper:\nA 1987 Congressional amendment to the Nuclear Waste Repository Act of 1982 mandated consideration of only one location, Nevada's Yucca Mountain. Since the act required that the [Department of Energy] DOE establish a permanent repository, the elimination of all other sites from review meant that Yucca Mountain was named as the location before the feasibility studies and environmental assessments had been completed. As might be expected, this situation has bred major litigation as well as significant opposition from forces in the state of Nevada.\nThe waste is currently stored at individual plants, awaiting permanent transfer to the national Yucca Mountain Repository in Nevada. But Yucca Mountain has faced stiff opposition and won't open for at least a decade.\nThe DOE has announced plans to open the Yucca Mountain facility in Nevada as the nation's permanent underground storage facility for radioactive nuclear waste by 2017, when the facility is expected to begin accepting nuclear waste.\nThis date assumes full necessary funding is provided, there are no litigation delays, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) completes review of the License Application within three years of submission, and the NRC finds that the DOE has the necessary nuclear quality and safety culture.\nPolls indicate that a notable number of Nevadans are against the repository. Although about 15 percent of Las Vegas' electricity for over two million people is supplied by the Palo Verde nuclear station in Arizona and about half the waste will be from America's manufacture of nuclear weapons, a two-thirds' majority of state residents still feel it is unfair for their state to have to store nuclear waste when there are no nuclear power plants in Nevada.\nNo one lives at Yucca Mountain, according to the project's Web site, which says, \"The closest year-round housing is about 14 miles south of the site .\"\nOne of the fears of water users in the Western U.S is leakage of radioactive particles from the Yucca Mountain site. In the West, water is precious, and perhaps with droughty weather, getting more so.\nAccording to Eureka County's Board of Commissioners and the DOE, the waste will be encased in a multilayer stainless steel and nickel alloy package covered by titanium drip shields that function also as rock shields.\nPlans are for the nuclear waste to be shipped to the site by rail and/or truck in robust containers approved by the NRC. The transport of spent fuel in Europe and Asia is routine with few safety or security issues. Globally, train, truck and ship have already transported over 70,000 MTU (metric tons of uranium) of spent fuel.\nIn 2002, the Yucca Mountain Repository Project completed its site characterization activities. Also that year, Congress and the President approved the development of a geologic repository at Yucca Mountain. These approvals were based on two extensive scientific reports: the Yucca Mountain Science and Engineering Report, which describes the science and engineering completed during site characterization activities; and the Yucca Mountain Site Suitability Evaluation, which describes the information that supported the Secretary of Energy's evaluation of whether Yucca Mountain is a suitable site for a repository.\nIn March 2006, the majority staff of U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works issued a 25-page paper called Yucca Mountain: The Most Studied Real Estate on the Planet. The conclusions:\nExtensive studies consistently show Yucca Mountain to be a sound site for nuclear waste disposal.\nThe cost of not moving forward is extremely high.\nNuclear waste disposal capability is an environmental imperative.\nNuclear waste disposal capability supports national security.\nDemand for new nuclear plants also demands disposal capability.\nLast month a Senate subcommittee voted to cut $50 million from Yucca Mountain spending in 2008, but its chairman said the DOE still should be able to meet the project's goals for the coming year, reported The Las Vegas Review-Journal.\nThe House bill will fully fund Yucca Mountain, suggesting the final budget may be relatively close to the DOE request unless opponents force deeper cuts before final passage.\nThe $444.5 million Yucca Mountain budget proposed by the energy and water appropriations subcommittee amounts to a 10 percent slash in the current administration's request for the fiscal year that begins Oct. 1. The cost to continue storing nuclear waste at their respective plants is estimated to be anywhere from $200 billion to $400 billion.\nResourcesThe Western New York Nuclear Service Center (The West Valley Site)\nNew York State Energy Research and Development Authority\nRadioactive Waste Management: An Environmental History Lesson for Engineers (and Others)\nby M. Joshua Silverman\nCarnegie Mellon University History Department\nEureka County Yucca Mountain Information Office Nuclear Waste Update\nby Abby Johnson and Sarah Walker, Winter 2007\nSNWA's Water Efficient Technologies Program Surpasses 1 Billion Gallons Saved\nSouthern Nevada Water Authority, May 8, 2007\nYUCCA MOUNTAIN: Waste site request cut\nby Steve Tetreault\nThe Las Vegas Review-Journal, June 27, 2007\nNevada Study Shows Yucca Mountain Project Will Cost Much More than Storing Nuclear Waste at Existing Reactor Sites\nOffice of the Governor Agency for Nuclear Projects, Feb. 8, 2007", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "HALIFAX: Nova Scotia Health has been alerted to a worldwide medical isotope shortage due to a technical problem with a reactor in Europe.\nMedical isotopes are used to support many nuclear medicine departments across the province. In nuclear medicine, a very small, safe amount of a medical isotope (radioactive substance) is injected into a vein, swallowed, or breathed in.\nSpecial cameras detect the radioactivity as it is processed by various organs.\nGlobal supplies will be limited in the coming weeks. As a result, some patients are being rebooked and priority will be given to urgent cases, including oncology patients.\nNSH said they regret any concerns this situation may cause and Nova Scotia Health will be notifying affected patients.\n“We hope for a timely resolution that will allow us to resume these important services for our patients,” NSH said in the release.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The American Museum of Science & Energy is today’s No. 1 Oak Ridge, TN tourist destination. But from 1941 to 1949 Oak Ridge was a town that did not exist. It was one of the top secret facilities for creating the “Manhattan Project” atom bomb used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This was the site of a working nuclear reactor for producing fissionable isotopes of uranium.\nThe gates to both the city and the Manhattan Project’s laboratory museum opened the same day: March 19, 1949. The town quickly became a tourist spot. The museum was sponsored by the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies, now Oak Ridge Associated Universities. Then called the American Museum of Atomic Energy, it profiled the peaceful uses of atomic energy. Housed in a former World War II-era cafeteria, it created and sold “Irradiated Dimes.”\n• The dimes are the product of a special isotope cabinet, not a nuclear reactor.\n• The radioactivity lasted about four minutes.\n• Irradiated dimes are chemically different from others.\n• Only silver dimes could be irradiated.\n• More than one million dimes were created from 1949-1975.\nWere the dimes a radioactive danger to the public?\n“I grew up in Oak Ridge, Tennessee,” says DeeDee Halleck in Perpetual Shadows: Representing the Atomic Age. “… As a child, I sensed that neither of my parents liked the fact that Oak Ridge was identified with atomic weaponry — especially since the government had actually used the bomb during World War II. The national celebration, so prevalent in Life magazine’s version of post-war America, did not extend to that part of Tennessee. Maybe Oak Ridge knew too much … After [my mother] died, we discovered in her safe deposit box four irradiated dimes, one for each of us. I shudder to think of the damage this “fun house” souvenir may have done to young ovaries and testicles in close proximity to children’s pockets.”\n“The coins are not ‘hot,'” states Dr. Paul Frame, Ph.D., a health physicist with the Oak Ridge Associated Universities and author (with William Kolb) of Living With Radiation: The First Hundred Years. “It is impossible to say exactly what the activities would have been at the time that the dimes were irradiated since I have not seen the results of any analyses that were done then.\n“But it is possible to hazard a guess, and I did some back-of-the-envelope type calculations. While the results suggest that the maximum induced activity would have been on the order of 20 microcuries (and this would decay away quickly), it is probable that the actual activities were quite a bit lower. Keep in mind that I had to make wild guesses as to what the irradiation times and the neutron fluence rates were.”\nThe dimes were discontinued in the late ’70s, after the government changed metal composition in the coin, causing them to “hold on to radioactivity longer,” says American Museum of Science & Energy museum exhibit manager Lenell Woods.\nrelated post: “Did Early Polio Vaccine Cause Cancer?”\nSources: www.canadian numismatic.org/ebulletin%5CEBulletinVol3No05January26_2007.pdf\nLiving With Radiation: The First Hundred Years.\nWilliam Kolb and Dr. Paul Frame (self-published ISBN 060806162x)\nPerpetual Shadows: Representing the Atomic Age\nWide Angle – Volume 20, Number 2, April 1998, pp. 70-76\nThe Johns Hopkins University Press", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "OAK HARBOR, Ohio (AP) -- An acid leak that ate through a steel cap over a nuclear plant's reactor vessel should have been spotted as long as four years ago, according to a Nuclear Regulatory Commission report released Friday.\nInspectors said there were many opportunities for the operator of the Davis-Besse plant to find the problem, which wasn't discovered until the plant was shut down in February for refueling.\n\"It should have been recognized,\" said NRC spokesman Jan Strasma.\nThe NRC said the damage did not pose a safety threat, but it did order operators of all 69 pressurized water reactors in the United States to submit information on the structural integrity of their plant's reactor head.\nThe NRC said it was the most extensive corrosion ever found on top of a U.S. nuclear plant reactor. Inspectors spotted a second cavity -- 1 3/4 inch deep -- two weeks later.\nThe NRC is still reviewing data from other plants but so far has found no such corrosion elsewhere, Strasma said Friday.\nPlant employees found leaking boric acid created a 6-inch hole in the steel cap near a cracked control rod nozzle. The hole was stopped by a steel layer -- three-eighths of an inch thick -- impervious to the acid.\nSignificant corrosion began at least four years ago, according to preliminary findings of an NRC inspection. Inspectors said it was caused by cracked control rod nozzles.\nFirstEnergy Corp., which operates the plant, said it was not surprised by the findings and that its own investigators came to the same conclusion.\nThe NRC report was released at a public meeting attended by hundreds of residents. About a dozen people protested, holding up signs saying \"No nuclear time bombs\" and interrupting the meeting several times by yelling \"You failed\" and \"Shut it down.\"\nThe plant had visual inspections over the years, but corrosion was overlooked because plant staff and management for years did not realize the significance of boric acid deposits on top of the vessel head, according to FirstEnergy's findings.\nThe company said similar corrosion can be found or avoided at similar plants if engineers know how to look for it.\nHoward Bergendahl, a company vice president in charge of Davis-Besse, acknowledged that the problem should have been discovered earlier.\n\"We could have and should have found it in earlier inspections,\" he said.\nThe acid is a byproduct of the nuclear fission process inside the reactor. The reactor has 69 control rods. The nozzles are vertical tubes that house the rods, which absorb excess neutrons in the reactor core.\nThe damage to the reactor's steel cap will keep the plant shut down until at least June.\nThe plant is along Lake Erie and about 25 miles east of Toledo.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Unused / unissued material -\nTitle reads: \"US Launches Quiet Sentry For Underseas\". American voiceovered newsreel material.\nKentucky, United States of America (USA). The American nuclear powered submarine 'USS Tullibee' is launched.\nMS LS of the crew lined up on deck of atomic...\nAmerica tests nuclear bombs at Eniwetok atoll.\nNew one-man packs of rescue gear are used in Civil Defence H-bomb exercise.\nGood footage of the Winfrith Atomic Energy Establishment. Dorset.\nNew heat exchanger arrives at Bradwell Nuclear Power Station in Essex.\nShots of nuclear reactor in Czechoslovakia.\nVarious shots of American nuclear powered submarine USS Skipjack.\nHalf completed Sphere, interior of Sphere, men at work inside Sphere.\nUnpacking elements of rich uranium, carefully inspected and loaded into core", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Have an account?\nNo student devices needed. Know more\nArrange in order of increasing ability to penetrate matter.\nBeta, gamma, alpha\nAlpha, gamma, beta\nGamma, beta, alpha\nAlpha, beta, gamma\nIn the symbol 167N what the 7 stand for?\nNumber of neutrons\nThe force that holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom is called __________.\nThe half-life of a radioactive isotope is 20.0 minutes. What is the total amount of a 1.00-gram sample of this isotope remaining after 1.00 hour?", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "General Dynamics, Electric Boat Corp.\n, Groton, Conn., is being awarded a $49,835,387 modification to previously awarded contract (N00024-04-C-2100) for consolidated planning yard, engineering and technical support for nuclear submarines. This contract modification provides support for the material aspects of submarine design/configuration change programs to support execution of submarine major alterations. The contractor will also provide materials required in support of installation of hull, mechanical and electrical; command and control system; and subsystem design changes for submarines. Work will be performed in Groton, Conn., (56 percent); Quonset, R.I., (31 percent); Newport, R.I., (8 percent); Kings Bay, Ga., (4 percent); and Bangor, Wash., (1 percent), and work is expected to be completed by Sep. 2008. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The Naval Sea Systems Command, Wash., Navy Yard, D.C., is the contracting activity.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The world has become the deadliest place to live with countries that possess deadly weapons and weapons of mass destruction like atomic bombs and nuclear bombs. There are currently enough nuclear weapons in the world that easily destroy the country. The impact of the largest and most powerful nuclear bomb ever designed – the Emperor Bomb, would have a fireball radius of 3 km, a radiation radius of close to 8 km, and an air explosion radius can range from 12 to 30 km. This means that if a bomb were dropped, all living organisms 30 km long could easily be killed. It is very impossible to imagine the impact of the Third World War.\nThere are currently five countries recognized as nuclear-weapon states that have signed the NPT or the Non-Proliferation Treaty to adhere to its three pillars, namely non-proliferation, disarmament and the right to peaceful use of nuclear technology. These five countries are the United States, Russia, China, France and the United Kingdom. The United States and Russia together own 80% of the world’s nuclear weapons. On the other hand, China believes that it possesses a large number of nuclear weapons that are not revealed to the world. India, Pakistan, Israel and South Sudan are the four countries in the world that have not signed the NPT. North Korea has withdrawn from the NPT program. South Africa, Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan previously possessed nuclear weapons, and later transferred all that to Russia and joined the NPT. Until 1998, Cuba was the only nuclear country that did not sign the NPT, and in 2002.\nYou may also like:\n12 most secret places in the USA\nTen best fighter planes in the world The\nbest sniper rifles in the world\nHere is a list of the top 10 countries with the most nuclear missiles or warheads in the world since 2017:\nTotal nuclear missiles – NA\nIran is a new addition to the list of countries that could possibly possess nuclear weapons and missiles. The US intelligence agency has already predicted that Iran could possess key ingredients for nuclear weapons.\n9. North Korea\nTotal nuclear missiles – 10-20\nNorth Korea was a former signatory to the NPT and later withdrew from it in 2003. In 2009, North Korea said it had developed nuclear weapons and conducted its first nuclear test in 2006, sparking protests by NPT countries. Again in 2007, North Korea confirmed that it possessed nuclear weapons. In 2009, they conducted their second successful test, which made the country a “full-fledged nuclear power”. In 2013, North Korea is believed to have conducted its third underground nuclear test. They currently have short- and medium-range nuclear missiles built into their armed forces.\nTotal nuclear missiles – 80\nIsrael is a country with an aggressive and hostile neighborhood. Israel definitely needed its defense systems to be capable enough to withstand all attacks on its soil. Although Israel is known to possess huge quantities of nuclear missiles and weapons that can range from 80 to 400, it officially has 80 warheads in its nuclear arsenal. There is no evidence of the date or record of its first nuclear test. Israel has a wide range of nuclear weapons ranging from intercontinental ballistic missiles to submarine cruise missiles.\nTotal nuclear missiles – 130-140\nIndia is also not a signatory to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, like Pakistan. India began its nuclear research program in 1967. India conducted its first nuclear test in 1974 and then its second test in 1998. India has not officially declared or commented on the size of its nuclear arsenal. India has a strict “non-first use” policy and would use weapons only in retaliation. India has already developed a wide range of indigenous missiles such as the Agni and Prithvi series.\nTotal nuclear missiles – 140-150\nPakistan is not a signatory to the NPT which is in a race with India for possession of a number of nuclear missiles and warheads. Pakistan’s nuclear program was led by Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1972 in response to the development of nuclear research and weapons from neighboring India. Bhutto quickly followed the nuclear research program after an unexpected Indian nuclear test, called the Smiling Buddha in 1974. Finally, in 1998, after another successful Indian nuclear test, Pakistan detonated five nuclear devices in Ras Koh Hill, Chagai district. This operation was code-named Chagai-I.\n5. Great Britain\nTotal nuclear missiles – 215\nDuring the 1970s, the British government had 520 nuclear warheads. Today, half of them are resting and owning 215 nuclear missiles. The United Kingdom is the third country to test a nuclear bomb in 1952. England is one of the five NPT countries. The United Kingdom has kept the size of its nuclear arsenal a secret and officially has 150 active warheads. Historically, the UK has conducted about 45 nuclear tests. Today, Great Britain is considered a strong state in terms of its nuclear capabilities and the number of warheads possessed.\nTotal nuclear missiles – 280\nChina is an emerging economic power, as well as in terms of defense forces. China has also emerged as a major power in the race for nuclear weapons. They are one of the oldest nations in the world to have weapons of mass destruction. The first nuclear tests were performed in 1964. The number of actual warheads with China is still unknown and it is a state secret. There are reports that indicate that China could have as many as 3,000 warheads. Officially, China has 260 warheads and they have not been installed. China has a strict “non-first use” policy, which means that they would only attack it if they were attacked by nuclear weapons. There are also reports indicating that China would double its nuclear forces to defeat the United States by 2020.\nTotal nuclear missiles – 300\nFrance is a country with constant attacks from terrorists, and that country needs more protection than other European countries. France has the ability to strike with nuclear weapons from the air, sea or land – which is called a triad. France is known to have deactivated all its nuclear missiles on land.\n2. It unites states\nTotal nuclear missiles – 6450\nThe United States is the most powerful country in the world with the largest number of warheads deployed. The United States has 1,750 warheads deployed within the country, as well as on other continents / countries. There are 6450 other warheads that are either tactical nuclear warheads or non-deployed strategic warheads. The United States also has a larger number of ICBMs and SLBMs than Russia with 785 missiles.\nTotal nuclear missiles – 6850\nAt one point, Russia had 45,000 nuclear warheads due to the nuclear race and balanced competitions from the west. Russia has now dismantled and reduced the number of nuclear missiles to about 6,850. Of these 1,600, warheads are active, and the rest are warheads that are either in reserve or in the dismantling phase. Russia is known to have 515 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), strategic bombers and ballistic missiles (SLBMs). There are thousands of unsorted strategic warheads in Russia.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The brochure provides background information about the NEA.\nPhoto: Romolo Tavani\nNEA Ad Hoc Expert Group on Maintaining Low‑Carbon Generation Capacity through Long‑Term Operation of Nuclear Power Plants (EGLTO) meeting, 14‑16 January 2020\nOlkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant, Finland. Photo: Framatome.\nA workshop on Innovations in Water-cooled Reactor Technologies was held at NEA Headquarters in Issy-les-Moulineaux on 11-12 February 2015. ...\nNEA News is the professional journal of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). It features articles on the latest nuclear energy issues concerning the economic and technical aspects of nuclear energy, nucl...\nWorkshop on the Adequacy of Funding Arrangements for Decommissioning and Radioactive Waste Management, 17-18 September 2020.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Oak Ridge contractors are in the preparatory stages of a two-year project that will get rid of 170 containers of so-called transuranic waste from Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Solid Waste Storage Area No. 5, including 26 containers that reportedly contain significant quantities of plutonium.\nNeed Help? Call us at 1-877-304-7769.\nMonday – Friday: 7 a.m. – 3 p.m. / Saturday & Sunday: 7 a.m. – 11 a.m.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee met yesterday to consider the nomination of Kathryn Huff to head the Department of Energy’s Office of Nuclear Energy (NE). President Biden selected Huff to fill the top spot at NE in January.\nAn ANS member, Huff came to the DOE in May of last year to serve as principal deputy assistant secretary for nuclear energy, going on unpaid leave from her position as associate professor in the Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where she led the Advanced Reactors and Fuel Cycles Research Group.\nHearing Huff: “With the passage of the bipartisan infrastructure law and current events, it is a pivotal time for the Office of Nuclear Energy,” Huff said in her opening statement. “If I have the privilege of being confirmed and leading NE, my priorities and decisions will be informed by science—and with a clear understanding of the importance of nuclear energy in ensuring that our energy systems are reliable, secure, and sustainable.\n“To meet our domestic energy needs and rebuild U.S. leadership globally, I will prioritize activities to preserve the existing fleet of nuclear power plants, deploy advanced reactor technologies, and sustainably manage spent nuclear fuel, as well as work with our international partners to support technological transfer and American innovation.”\nDuring the hearing’s question-and-answer portion, Huff addressed a number of topics, including investment in domestic uranium conversion and enrichment infrastructure to eliminate U.S. dependence on Russia for nuclear fuel. The Russian invasion of Ukraine, she said, “puts into stark contrast the importance of our energy security. I completely agree that we need to build out the capacity for a Western alternative to the Russian component of the uranium market, including conversion and enrichment capacity. I do believe that a solution to not only the current fleet’s needs for uranium but also to HALEU [high-assay low-enriched uranium] for our advanced reactor fleet can be found with sufficient support from appropriations and direction from DOE.”\nHuff also endorsed the proposed 10-year production tax credit for nuclear included in the stalled Build Back Better legislation, calling the provision an “an excellent idea” and one that “could certainly help with keeping our existing plants open and inspiring new plants to come on board.”\nThe one-hour-and-39-minute hearing can be viewed here.\nLetter of recommendation: In a March 16 letter to the committee, ANS President Steven Nesbit and Executive Director/CEO Craig Piercy vouched for Huff’s credentials and experience and urged the senators to favorably report her nomination to the full Senate.\n“Dr. Huff is a highly respected and widely known member of the American nuclear community,\" Nesbit and Piercy wrote. “Dr. Huff’s recent experience at the U.S. Department of Energy, as well as her research on modeling and simulation of advanced nuclear reactors and fuel cycles, make her highly qualified for this position.”", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Fukushima survivors to file class action lawsuit against Japanese govt, plant operator\nAt least 350 people affected by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown will file a class action lawsuit against the Japanese government and the plant’s operator, Tokyo Electric Power Co (TEPCO) on the second anniversary of the disaster.\nLawyers representing residents whose homes and farms were hit by radiation in the wake of the disaster said it was the largest suit on the issue filed against the government.The plaintiffs will further seek some US$535 each in compensation from TEPCO for every month they have been displaced as a result of the accident.They also plan to seek a court injunction that will require both the government and TEPCO to reduce radiation levels in the affected area to pre-disaster levels. The suit will be filed on March 11, the two-year anniversary of the world’s worst nuclear accident since the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. Several other similar class-action suits against both the government and TEPCO will be filed with the Tokyo District Court on the same day.\"The government promoted nuclear power as a national policy and has been closely involved with it,\" lawyer Izutaro Managi told AAP news agency.\"Being fully aware of the danger of losing power due to a tsunami, the government neglected its duty to prevent such an event,\" he said. \"This is a suit to recover a Fukushima with neither radiation nor nuclear power,\" he continued. The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster occurred after a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and a subsequent tsunami crashed into the power station and knocked out its cooling system leading to the meltdown of three reactor cores. Tens of thousands were forced to flee the area and many are still unable to return.\nTEPCO ‘lies’ to government\nWith residents preparing to sue the government and TEPCO for their role in the worst nuclear disaster in a generation, on Thursday the power company found itself in hot water for allegedly misleading a government panel over possible quake damage to its reactor building.TEPCO said that radiation levels were “dreadfully high” in order to prevent an onsite inspection of its crippled nuclear plant, according to Mitsuhiko Tanaka, a former member of the now-disbanded Diet commission, which had been tasked with uncovering the cause of the nuclear crisis.The commission had hoped to determine to see if the isolation condensers – key safety components at nuclear plants – had been damaged in the earthquake.\nThe National Diet is Japan's bicameral legislature. It consists of a lower house, called the House of Representatives, and an upper house, called the House of Councilors.\nTEPCO had denied they were damaged in the quake and falsified actual conditions within the plant to keep inspectors out, Tanaka said in a statement submitted to the chiefs of the two Diet chambers on Thursday. Toshimitsu Tamai, then chief of TEPCO’s corporate planning department, urged Tanaka not to carry out the probe in light of major safety concerns, saying “If you got lost, you would run into areas with dreadfully high levels of radiation,” The Asahi Shimbun newspaper reports.It was later found out that the cover allowed for the transmission of 10-16 percent of sunlight to come through, and it was further equipped with high-powered mercury lamps.If it were determined that the emergency cooling system was damaged by the earthquake, more stringent quake-resistance standards would be required for nuclear power plants, further delaying reactors from going online around the country. “[TEPCO’s explanation] was absolutely false and seriously obstructed the investigation,” Tanaka said.A TEPCO spokesman admitted that the utility gave inaccurate information to the parliamentary commission but claims it did not intentionally lie about conditions within the structure.In July a parliamentary report said Fukushima was a man-made disaster stemming from Japan's culture of \"reflexive obedience.\" TEPCO had previously admitted to downplaying the risks of a tsunami due to political, financial and reputational concerns. In October the energy utility reversed their previously held position that disaster was unavoidable, saying “When looking back on the accident, the problem was that preparations were not made in advance…”In August, the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission blamed both TEPCO and the Japanese authorities for the disaster, saying “the accident was the result of collusion between the government, the regulators, and TEPCO,” whom they said “effectively betrayed the nation’s right to be safe from nuclear accidents.”", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Russian contractor has weld connected two halves Reactor Pressure Vessel, or RPV, for 1200 megawatt, or MW, unit-1 of Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant at Ishwardi of Pabna in northern Bangladesh.\nIt is a key stage in the manufacturing process of the RPV, said a Rosatom statement Tuesday.\nAEM Technology in Volgodonsk in Russia completed the process that lasted for 10 days with continuous heating of the weld zone at 150 to 300 degree celsius and required about two tonnes of flux and more than one and a half tonnes of wire of four mm diameter.\nAEM Technology is a part of Atomenergomash, the engineering division of Russia’s state atomic energy corporation Rosatom.\nFollowing completion of welding, the reactor pressure vessel weighing 320 tonnes was heated at 300 degrees celsius for two days in furnace.\nIn the next stage, specialists are out a whole range of tests in the weld zones including radiographic, ultrasound and penetration tests.\nIn parallel with the manufacture of reactor pressure vessel, the plant is manufacturing its internals, reactor cover and the upper unit as well.\nAs of May 19, the vessel of the Reactor Core Barrel has been manufactured; baffle and a protective tube unit are at final stage of manufacturing.\nThe reactor is a vertical cylindrical vessel with an elliptical bottom.\nThe core and the internals are located inside the vessel.\nFrom above, the reactor is hermetically sealed by a cover with the drives of mechanisms and elements for regulating and protecting the reactor, and nozzles for passage of cables of the in-core monitoring sensors installed on it.\nAtomenergomash is a single source supplier of all equipment of the reactor compartment of the Rooppur NPP and a significant part of the equipment for the turbine island.\nDifferent division of the company manufacture reactors, steam generators, pumping and heat-exchange equipment.\nThe expected commissioning schedule of the unit -1 of the Rooppur NPP has already been deferred by one year to 2023 from 2022.\nWorks for the preparatory phase of the Rooppur NPP is nearing completion and the main construction is expected to begin in the second half of the current year, Rosatom said in a previous statement.\nThe design of the innovative Generation 3+ power unit, which will be installed in Rooppur NPP, includes the most powerful type of VVER-1200 reactor, as well as a high-speed turbine specially designed for new-generation NPPs, the Rosatom statement said.\nIt provides the highest level of operational safety and fully meets all post-Fukushima requirements strictly set by the International Atomic Energy Agency, or IAEA, it added.\nThe first nuclear plant in Bangladesh is being built under a supplier's credit deal with Russia.\nRooppur NPP is designed and constructed according to the Russian design.\nThe plant will consist of two power units each with a capacity of 1200 MW, and equipped with generation 3+VVER-1200 reactor.\nThe Rooppur project will cost Tk 1.13 trillion ($12.65 billion), with Russian financing worth $11.38 billion being provided to Bangladesh for the project.\nThe Russian Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs and Bangladesh's state-owned Sonali Bank Ltd. will work as authorised banks for the state loan.\nThe Bangladesh government will provide Tk 220.52 billion of its own funding for the project.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "December 4, 2017\nArvid Lundy and Cheryl Rofer\nIran’s and North Korea’s nuclear and missile programs have been much in the news lately, with continuing testing of missiles and, in North Korea’s case, a nuclear explosive.\nPresident Donald Trump has responded with threatening tweets, stoking fears of nuclear war. The two countries’ histories are very different, but both feel they have reason to fear the United States. One response is to develop nuclear weapons, deliverable by missile. Iran’s progress toward nuclear weapons was stopped by the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, negotiated in 2015. North Korea currently moves ahead without restriction.\nWe’ll discuss the motivations of both countries, where they are now, the response from the United States, and what the future might bring.\nCheryl Rofer was a chemist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory for 35 years. She now writes scientific and political commentary for the web publications Nuclear Diner and Balloon Juice. She has over 9000 followers on Twitter. She regularly provides background information on nuclear topics to reporters and has been quoted in the New York Times, Washington Post, and Vox. Her work at Los Alamos included projects in fossil fuels, laser development, and the nuclear fuel cycle. She is past president of the Los Alamos Committee on Arms Control and International Security and a founding member of SFWAF. She has published in scientific and political science journals and edited a book. She holds an A.B. from Ripon College and an M.S. from the University of California at Berkeley.\nArvid Lundy has extensive experience in nuclear export controls, nuclear proliferation intelligence, electronic instrumentation design, and clinical medical physics. Arvid spent thirty one years at Los Alamos National Laboratory as project engineer, group leader, and program manager. His career included over 100 foreign trips for the US government on nuclear issues, especially international nuclear export control.\nThis program will be in the Santa Fe Community College Board Room (room #223).", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Lead is one of the predominant materials utilized to constrict x-rays. Because of its density, high level of stability, high atomic number, the high degree of flexibility, ease of fabrication, its applications, and its availability it is an excellent shielding material against the radiations.\nBlankets made from lead are soft blankets, fabricated from a layer of leaded vinyl sheet sandwiched between two sheets of flexible plastic. Another form of a lead blanket is made from lead wool evenly distributed between two layers of material, which is then quilted.\nWhat is Lead Shielding?\nLead shielding is used to shield people or objects from radiation through the use of lead as a form of radiation protection to reduce adequate exposure. Lead can adequately\nattenuate certain kinds of pollution.\nOne of the most recognized shielding products is the lead blanket. These are ingenious and in-demand products that make a lot of sense and can work for certain people and situations. The proven durability and strength of these blankets are found within their construction and formulation.\nWhy are Lead Blankets Used?\n- Maintenance and inspection of a nuclear installation can be facilitated by providing an effective barrier that will reduce the gamma radiation to an acceptable level, and this is where these blankets play its part. Even though the reactor is not operating when a nuclear plant is shut down, a significant amount of gamma radiation remains in the components of the cooling system.\n- One way to allow the maintenance crew to reach the specified locations is by the use of a flexible pad or lead-made blanket that can be placed over the pipes and other sources of the gamma radiation to facilitate the working personnels. The sheets must contain enough shielding material to be an effective gamma radiation barrier, while it should not be heavy in order to be easily carried.\nReviewing the Best\nHigh-shielding Conductive Fabric for Blocking RF Signals\nDescription: Available in Royal Blue color. These are available in 18″ x 25″ measurement and are absolutely Latex Free. These contain .50Pb Lead Equivalency, which is approximately 6 pounds. They include Nylon with Microfiber NonSlip Backing. These are specially designed to protect patients or equipment. They provide complete protection from dental, medical, or clinical radiation.\n- These are easy to disinfect.\n- They can be molded into many components.\n- The blankets are layered in lead wool rope, which increases the attenuation while minimizing any gaps.\n- The appropriate shielding makes them effective at stopping gamma rays and x-rays.\n- Available at affordable prices compared to non-lead apparel.\n- These are very flexible and rugged.\n- They have to be disposed-off properly as they cannot be disposed-off in the regular waste collection as these are not ecological.\n- These are comparatively heavier in weight than non-lead products.\n- These are not environment-friendly.\n- These blankets need to be recycled once they are no longer in circulation.\nBlankets made of lead are one of the popular shielding solutions around the globe. They prove to be effective in terms of protection against harmful radiation and are completely worth buying to keep you protected from the rays.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Any discussion on nuclear power policy should be based on reality.\nIn their Upper House election campaign platforms, the ruling Liberal Democratic Party and its junior coalition partner, Komeito, say they will allow more restarts of nuclear reactors in line with the government’s Basic Energy Plan.\nThe plan defines nuclear energy as a mainstay source of power, which it assumes will account for 20 to 22 percent of Japan’s total power supply in fiscal 2030.\nFollowing the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, decisions have been made to decommission some of the nation’s nuclear reactors; plans are being floated to decommission others. The total number of the reactors concerned is 21.\nAchieving the goal of the Basic Energy Plan would require about 30 operating reactors, meaning the activation of almost all remaining nuclear reactors in Japan.\nOne is tempted to ask if such a plan can be described as realistic.\nThe power industry has placed topmost priority on restarting nuclear reactors, but only nine reactors have so far been brought back online.\nMany reactors are not likely to be reactivated any time soon because of local opposition, the presence of an active fault nearby or for other reasons.\nOfficials of Tokyo Electric Power Co., which is seeking to restart reactors at its Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear plant in Niigata Prefecture, made an argument for itself during a general shareholders’ meeting in June.\n“We need to have nuclear reactors up and running, after all,” they said, adding that doing so would allow TEPCO to increase its profits and thereby “fulfill its responsibility for Fukushima.”\nTEPCO, however, has apologized for keeping local governments in the dark for three years about insufficient seismic resistance of the Main Anti-Earthquake Building at the Niigata plant, which would serve as a center for response measures in the event of a disaster.\nFollowing a big earthquake in June this year, TEPCO mistakenly sent wrong information to local governments saying that “abnormalities” had occurred at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa plant.\nGiven these circumstances, TEPCO could hardly expect to gain deeper understanding of the host communities.\nThe construction of anti-terror facilities is falling behind schedule at nuclear plants elsewhere in Japan where reactors have been brought back online.\nBeginning next spring, reactors operated by Kyushu Electric Power Co. and Kansai Electric Power Co. are expected to be taken offline again in succession.\nThe argument that nuclear power is cheap is also losing ground. Expenses for safety measures have swollen following the Fukushima disaster, and more than 4 trillion yen ($37 billion) in total has been spent so far to prepare nuclear reactors for their restarts.\nThe joint public-private efforts to export nuclear power technology to developing markets overseas, given the thin opportunities in Japan, have reached a deadlock in many nations.\nThe ruling parties should explain specifically how they plan to deal with all of these realities if they insist that Japan should remain reliant on nuclear power.\nA final disposal site for high-level radioactive waste is unlikely to be built soon, either. The nuclear fuel recycling program, intended to extract plutonium from spent fuel for reuse, has also practically failed.\nDespite all that, there are still plans to activate a reprocessing plant in Rokkasho, Aomori Prefecture, to extract plutonium. This shows Japan’s nuclear power policy is laden with many layers of contradictions.\nOpposition parties that oppose reactor restarts and are calling for zero nuclear power, such as the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan and the Japanese Communist Party, should also face up to the question of feasibility.\nEven if a transition to renewable energy sources, such as solar power, is to be pursued, there is still a need to curb the burden on the public to guarantee a certain level of income for renewable energy operators.\nMeasures should be established to ensure a stable supply of power even when renewables account for the majority of it. Allowances should also be made for the economies of local communities that have long depended on nuclear power.\nPeople living in power consumption areas, to say nothing of residents of communities hosting nuclear plants, should give serious thought to the future of nuclear power in this country.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "In today’s world, clean energy is not only popular; it is going to be king. The question is a matter of when and how clean energy will rule, not if clean energy will dominate the power industry. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will produce a final ruling on its Clean Power Plan coming this summer, and nuclear power generation ought to be part of their plan and future plans. Along with the rest of the globe, reducing pollution and emissions is a challenge facing the United States, its industries, and its people. The former New Jersey governor and EPA administrator Christine Todd Whitman writes:\n“In my current role as co-chair of the Clean and Safe Energy Coalition, I have traveled across the United States engaging policymakers, community leaders, business leaders, academics and labor leaders about the essential role nuclear energy plays in generating electricity.”\nMrs. Whitman articulates what many members of the energy industry know, demand for electricity is increasing. For the United States alone, energy demand is expected to increase by almost 30% within the next 25 years. Nuclear Energy provides over 50% of the country’s clean electricity. According to Whitman’s article, the global market for nuclear power will be more than half a trillion dollars. While the nuclear generation market increases globally, regulations at home in the U.S. and budgetary concerns continue to threaten the growth of nuclear power. According to Electric Light and Power, U.S. Senator James Inhofe told a large group nuclear industry members that the budget of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) was too large and that the appropriated funds were unnecessary. So not only does the industry have to worry about the EPA’s plan for nuclear energy but potential budgetary constraint could make the NRC job more difficult. Both the EPA and the NRC could stifle future growth in the domestic nuclear energy production market. Either way, nuclear energy is and will be an important part of the energy production industry. The question that remains is how much will nuclear energy be a part of the domestic and international market moving forward with pending increases in regulation?\nFor further reading see the following articles:\nNuclear energy key to bolstering national security and protecting environment\nNRC budget too much to justify, senator tells Nuclear Energy Institute", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Polonium-210 is an isotope of polonium. It undergoes alpha decay to stable 206Pb with a half-life of 138.376 days, the longest of all naturally occurring polonium isotopes. First identified in 1898, and also marking the discovery of the element polonium, 210Po is generated in the decay chain of uranium-238 and radium-226. 210Po is a prominent contaminant in the environment, mostly affecting seafood and tobacco. It is also extremely toxic to humans as a result of its intense radioactivity.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "We report -n mass spectra for the reaction H2(K-,+)-n at K=20°, momentum transfer q=294 Mev/c. Upper limits on formation cross sections are given and appear to rule out the existence of - neutron bound states. In addition, a missing mass spectrum for the reaction H2(K--)X, K=4°, q=134 MeV/c (X=+n, p, or p), is shown and discussed. NUCLEAR REACTIONS n mass spectrum neutron bound states, (K,) reaction on deuterium, p mass spectrum.\nAll Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes\n- Nuclear and High Energy Physics", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "About the Project\nDigital twins are beginning to transform design processes for complex systems in a number of industries. A proof-of-concept study for digital reactor in fission energy has been conducted by the Virtual Engineering Centre (VEC) at the University of Liverpool, together with partners from industry and national laboratories using the Integrated Nuclear Digital Environment (INDE)1 as its basis.\nIn parallel, Professor Patterson and Professor Taylor having been working with partners at UKAEA in the form of a digital environment for fusion energy, taking account of the higher order of complexity, the scale of resources, the integration of novel technologies, and the likely diversity and distribution of organisations involved.\nThe VEC has had positive interactions with the regulatory authorities during the digital fission reactor project and the culture of enabling-regulation offers an opportunity for a new paradigm in the regulation of fusion power plants. It is proposed to investigate the potential provided by the integration of digital twins with the regulatory environment to enable innovation in the design of fusion power plants.\nCDT name: GREENCDT", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The protein encoded by this gene is a cytosolic factor that facilitates protein transport into the nucleus. It interacts with the nuclear pore complex glycoprotein p62. This encoded protein acts at a relative late stage of nuclear protein import, subsequent to the initial docking of nuclear import ligand at the nuclear envelope. It is thought to be part of a multicomponent system of cytosolic factors that assemble at the pore complex during nuclear import.\nNTF-2; Nuclear transport factor 2; Placental protein 15; PP15", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Reliable models for the behaviour of iodine in a reactor containment following a severe nuclear reactor accident are essential to predicting the potential release to the environment, and thus to developing and qualifying appropriate mitigation strategies and devices. Whilst most aspects of iodine chemistry are now adequately understood, particularly for PWR conditions, some outstanding issues remain. Firstly, some processes leading to the destruction of volatile forms of iodine are not well quantified. Improved knowledge of these destruction rates will allow their importance to be assessed, in terms of natural mitigation processes and accident management interventions. Secondly, effects on iodine behaviour of certain materials and conditions, specific to BWR systems, are unknown. Understanding these specific effects will allow data and models developed mainly for PWR systems to be applied with confidence to BWR source term predictions.\nFunding SchemeCSC - Cost-sharing contracts\n412 96 Göteborg\n1755 ZG Petten\n250 68 Rez - Praha", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "29 May 2012\nRespected nuclear engineer joins energy team amid rising demand for technical assurance services\nLloyd’s Register has appointed the internationally respected nuclear safety expert Professor Mamdouh El-Shanawany as Business Leader for New Nuclear Opportunities.\nIn his new role Prof El-Shanawany will help to lead the organisation’s technical support programme for countries looking to expand their nuclear programmes and those looking to develop civil nuclear energy for the first time.\nProf El-Shanawany joins Lloyd's Register from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), where he most recently was the agency’s Head of Safety Assessment for the Division of Nuclear Installations Safety. In that global role, he was responsible for strengthening the ability of IAEA member states’ to assess the safety of their nuclear installations. The team were awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2005.\n\"Our industry is growing more complex,\" said Prof El-Shanawany. \"Demand for safe and sustainable energy supply and the introduction of new nuclear reactor designs and plant technology is driving change. Owners, operators, builders and regulatory authorities require independent assurance and verification during the design development and construction phases – as well as in-service. At Lloyd's Register, we will continue to focus on verifying safety criteria and performance to work with the nuclear industry and countries looking at new nuclear power generation, helping to provide the independent assurance they need to make informed decisions.\"\nProf El-Shanawany will be based in London and will bring with him more than 36 years of experience in the industry. He is also a visiting professor of Nuclear Engineering at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London University.\n\"Mamdouh has provided design, research and development, criticality safety assessments and policy development for the nuclear industry in the UK, Canada and internationally,\" said Prof Richard Clegg, Global Director of Lloyd's Register’s nuclear business. \"He has a great deal of nuclear-sector knowledge and is able to deliver that important role which connects operational safety issues with commercial acumen for many new-entrant countries.\"\nClegg said nuclear power has a pivotal role to play in tackling the global challenges of climate change, energy security and energy poverty in the post Fukushima era. But the success of efforts to rebuild public confidence and trust will determine its influence.\nA key to rebuilding that trust, Clegg said, will be the openness and transparency with which the industry communicates the results and interpretations of present international safety reviews, including the European Commission’s stress tests.\n\"In activities such as ours, there is a vital role for the technical expertise and integrity of independent third-parties such as Lloyd’s Register, who can verify safety reviews and their findings,\" Prof Clegg said. \"We are lucky to have such an experienced man to take the lead in this critical area of our nuclear business.\"\nPrior to joining the IAEA, Prof El-Shanawany worked for the UK’s HM Nuclear Installations Inspectorate, where he was responsible for managing, assessing and approving the licensees' arrangements and safety cases for operating plants.\nIn the early 90s, he was a Senior Nuclear Safety Specialist, Directorate of Safety Analysis and Assessment, at Atomic Energy Control Board of the Canadian government.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "America’s reliance on carbon-based fossil fuels cannot last forever. It’s not that steps haven’t been made to wean us off our addiction to oil, gas and coal-based fuels — between 2008 and 2018, the total amount of renewable electricity like wind and solar power produced in the U.S. has doubled, according to the Energy Information Administration (EIA).\nYet in its 2019 Annual Energy Outlook report, that same organization pours cold water on the idea that we’re just a few years — or even a few decades — away from total reliance on non-carbon energy. By their projections, natural gas and coal together will account for 56 percent of electricity generated in the United States in 2050, a relatively small downgrade from the 62 percent it represented in 2018. This is a bad sign for the environment: CO2 emissions rose by 3.4 percent in 2018, the largest increase in 20 years. Scientists have been warning for years that current levels of carbon emissions cannot increase without seriously damaging our planet.\nThe EIA has its fair share of criticism in the mainstream, to say nothing of the snowball-toting, Luke Skywalker argument against climate change currently being employed by Republicans. But those of us who wouldn’t use a picture of Ronald Reagan riding a dinosaur in a serious presentation (read: normal people) acknowledge that something needs to be done about our dependence on carbon-based sources for energy.\nIs Nuclear the Answer?\nAs the search for a solution to our carbon-fuel dependence continues, some propose that nuclear energy could provide an answer. Normally, nuclear power is generated by nuclear fission, the splitting of uranium atoms, which generates steam that powers turbines to create electricity. This doesn’t require burning coal or gas, making nuclear power a carbon-free source of energy. Nuclear power plants are also highly efficient compared to emerging renewable energy sources like wind and solar.\nSo we should be building nuclear plants as fast as we can to create new sources of efficient, clean energy — right?\nIt’s not so cut and dried. The high cost of establishing a nuclear power plant continues to rise — the Union of Concerned Scientists reports that between 2002 and 2008, the cost estimates to build a new nuclear power plant jumped from between $2 and $4 billion up to $9 billion. In the late 2000s, the Westinghouse Electric Company launched a project to design and build a new type of nuclear reactor, the AP1000, with the goal of reducing the cost and time required to establish a plant. It failed spectacularly, running an estimated $13 billion over its allotted budget and forcing Westinghouse into bankruptcy in 2017.\nBesides the high cost in comparison to traditional fossil fuels, nuclear energy also has a PR problem, thanks to high-profile disasters in places like Chernobyl (Pripyat), Fukushima and Three Mile Island. In 2016, Gallup reported that more Americans (54 percent) opposed nuclear energy than supported it (44 percent) for the first time since the poll began in 1994.\nBut what if there was a safer nuclear option, one that didn’t pose as big of a threat in the event of an accident? One that could provide carbon-free power so cheaply and efficiently that consumers would be forced to follow their wallets into a world of clean energy?\n“But what if there was a safer nuclear option, one that didn’t pose as big of a threat in the event of an accident? One that could provide carbon-free power so cheaply and efficiently that consumers would be forced to follow their wallets into a world of clean energy?”\nMolten Salt and Thorium-Fueled Reactors: Climate Savior or Naive Pipe Dream?\nEnter the molten salt nuclear reactor (MSR). Advocates for the technology believe it could help lift the nuclear sector out of its slow decline and provide the world with an important source of clean energy.\nIt’s important to note before diving in that two distinct concepts are being discussed when molten salt reactors are brought up. The first is a type of nuclear reactor that is cooled by molten fluoride salts instead of water; the second is a molten salt-fueled reactor, where nuclear fuel is dissolved into the salt. Many people also lump both types of MSRs into the same category as thorium-fueled reactors, which are powered by an element called thorium. Proponents believe that thorium is more abundant, safer and more efficient as a nuclear fuel than uranium-238.\nDOPE, unfortunately, doesn’t have a nuclear scientist working on staff — yet — so to find out more about MSRs and their potential, we spoke to Nicholas Brown, Ph.D., a professor in the Nuclear Engineering department at the University of Tennessee. From 2015 through 2016, Brown worked on the research and development team at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, a federally-funded research lab that operated the only active molten salt reactor between 1966 and 1969.\nDigging into Claims Made by MSR Advocates\nOne of the big claims made by those who support molten salt reactors is that they are more efficient than uranium-fueled reactors. On this count, fans of molten salt-cooled reactors are technically correct, says Brown.\n“When you have a water-cooled reactor, the outlet temperature is 300 degrees C. If you have a salt-cooled reactor, the outlet is 700 degrees C,” he tells me. “When you have heat at a higher temperature, you can use it to drive not just the more efficient production of electricity, but a variety of other processes, such as the desalination of water.” In practical terms, this means that people can do more with the same amount of nuclear fission.\nMSR supporters also claim their preferred reactors are much safer than conventional light-water reactors (LWRs) since water being used to cool the fission process is kept at a much higher level of pressure than molten salt. This is also correct, but there’s an important caveat.\n“In a pressurized water reactor, the water is at [around] 2000 PSI (pounds per square inch) — because at a higher pressure level, you increase the boiling point. When it’s under that high of a pressure, if you get a break … imagine a balloon. When a balloon pops, everything that was in that balloon, because it’s at higher pressure than everything outside of it … that coolant is going to very rapidly evacuate from the system,” Brown says.\n“Molten salt reactors can achieve a 700 degree temperature at almost ambient pressures. So there isn’t a driving force to evacuate the coolant the way there is with a high-pressure coolant like water.”\nThat difference in pressure can help prevent the spread of radioactive material in the event of an accident, which is important when you consider that most nuclear plants are built on lakes, rivers or oceans.\nPractical Power versus “Paper Reactors”\nWhat many pro-MSR folks forget, however, is that existing water-cooled nuclear reactors are already pretty safe.\n“Water-cooled reactors have been demonstrated to be very safe, and there’s a lot more experience with them,” Brown says.\nIt’s true — in six decades of over 17,000 cumulative reactor-years of commercial nuclear power generated in 33 different countries, there have only been three major accidents in the world. The safety difference between MSRs and LWRs could be compared to the difference between going for an evening walk wearing normal clothes, versus wearing a helmet and protective padding: yes, you’re safer in padding if an accident happens, but you were probably already pretty safe to begin with.\nThe pro-MSR crowd also likes to claim that these reactors are a better global solution because MSRs that use thorium cannot be used to make nuclear weapons. In theory, this means that countries could develop robust systems for nuclear power generation without the rest of the world worrying about a dictator using the technology to drop bombs.\nThis, however, is a sheer myth. A technical paper sponsored by the Department of Energy and published in the 2012 Nuclear Technology journal states:\nAll fissile material must be rigorously safeguarded to detect diversion by a state and must be provided the highest levels of physical protection to prevent theft. … No “silver bullet” fuel cycle has been found that will permit the relaxation of current international safeguards or national physical security protection levels.\nJulian Kelly, chief technical officer at a Norwegian company researching and testing nuclear fuel based on thorium, stated: “Conspiracy theories about funding denials for thorium work are for the entertainment sector.”\nStill, all of this doesn’t mean that there’s no potential for thorium or molten salt reactors. The main problem with them right now, as Brown explained it to me, is that these reactors are largely theoretical. The Oak Ridge reactor of the late 1960s is still the only molten salt reactor ever to operate, and it was largely conceived as a test to prove the viability of the idea.\nAdmiral Hyman G. Rickover, who helped pioneer the development of nuclear energy for the U.S. Navy in the 1940s and ‘50s, called these untested ideas about nuclear plants “paper reactors,” because the only place they exist is on the pages of academic papers.\nAs Brown summarizes: “Molten salt reactors are a potentially promising reactor technology to enhance the efficiency of nuclear electricity production and make it more competitive with natural gas … but those that study this field seriously recognize that there are a number of challenges to tackle before MSRs can be deployed commercially.”\nFor now, the jury is still out on molten salt reactors. But there’s one thing that proponents of all types of nuclear energy can agree on — the world needs to shift away from carbon-intensive fuels sooner, rather than later.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "If you have any needs or questions, please leave a message, and we will reply to you as soon as possible.\nNbsp 0183 32 The most likely explanations for this activity would be small processing runs of iron bearing ore of some type caretaker maintenance work or decommissioning of equipment within the plant The observed activity is not indicative of continued uranium oxide production and there are no readily apparent indicators that the plant has processed uranium ore since September 2002\nChat online:Please Click Here\nAddress:High-tech Zone , ZhengZhou , China\nPlease Click Here\nHigh-tech Zone , ZhengZhou , China", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "NRC says Millstone violated safety requirements\nWaterford — The Millstone Power Station violated safety requirements by not having adequate documentation in place for the steps that plant staff would follow during an emergency to test the radioactivity level of coolant water.\nThe Nuclear Regulatory Commission issued notice of the safety violation on Monday. It was categorized as a \"green\" finding, the lowest level of safety significance, and is being corrected by the plant, according to the NRC notice.\nJosephine Ambrosini, senior resident inspector for the NRC at Millstone, said the safety violation was found during an Aug. 20 emergency preparedness exercise that involved the nuclear power plant and 10 communities in its Emergency Planning Zone. The readings of the coolant water, used to keep the reactor from overheating, are supposed to be taken within 15 minutes of an emergency being declared at the plant, she said. During the exercise, plant staff was able to obtain readings at other locations in the plant to assess radioactivity levels, but did not have the written procedures in place to get the coolant readings. The violation pertained mainly to the Unit 3 reactor, she added.\n\"The exercise wasn't disrupted by it,\" she said.\nKen Holt, spokesman for Millstone owner Dominion, said there are interim measures now in place so that if an emergency were to occur, staff has written procedures available to follow to take the coolant readings.\n\"We are also making permanent changes in the procedures,\" he said.\nThe coolant readings, he explained, are used to verify radiation readings taken elsewhere in the plant during an emergency.\nMillstone has had one other \"green\" finding this year. In August, the NRC cited the Unit 3 for inadequate documentation of a design weakness in valves that would shut off water flow during an emergency.\nSafety violations are ranked on a four-tiered scale — green, white, yellow and red, with red being the most serious. \"Green\" findings are those that \"are not willful or have no immediate safety consequences\" and do not result in fines, Ambrosini said.\nStories that may interest you\nRobert Carley of Colchester photographs and creates inventive versions of the American flag.\nCoastal Connecticut is uniquely situated, not along the open Atlantic Ocean like its neighbor states, but on Long Island and Fishers Island sounds, protected estuaries that offer mostly tame beaches not pounded by surf rolling in from offshore.\nOn Sunday about 140 residents and their guests gathered on Center Street for the Pine Grove Niantic Association’s annual field day, a tradition that has continued since the private beach community’s founding in 1882.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "In this paper, we discuss hard x-ray optics, in general, and lobster-eye focusing optics, in particular, for concealed object\ndetection, at longer distances. The longer distance (~50m) scenario is important for Improvised Explosives Detection\n(IED), \"seeing through walls,\" \"seeing objects under ground,\" and related applications.\nThere is a worldwide need for efficient inspection of cargo containers at airports, seaports and road border crossings. The main objectives are the detection of contraband such as illicit drugs, explosives and weapons. Due to the large volume of cargo passing through Australia's airports every day, it is critical that any scanning system should be capable of working on unpacked or consolidated cargo, taking at most 1-2 minutes per container. CSIRO has developed a fast-neutron/gamma-ray radiography (FNGR) method for the rapid screening of air freight. By combining radiographs obtained using 14 MeV neutrons and 60Co gamma-rays, high resolution images showing both density and material composition are obtained. A near full-scale prototype scanner has been successfully tested in the laboratory. With the support of the Australian Customs Service, a full-scale scanner has recently been installed and commissioned at Brisbane International Airport.\nFor evaluating the contents of trucks, containers, cargo, and passenger vehicles by a non-intrusive gamma-ray or X-ray imaging system to determine the possible presence of contraband, three-dimensional (3D) measurements could provide more information than 2D measurements. In this paper, a linear pushbroom scanning model is built for such a commonly used gamma-ray or x-ray cargo inspection system. Accurate 3D measurements of the objects inside a cargo can be\nobtained by using two such scanning systems with different scanning angles to construct a pushbroom stereo system. A simple but robust calibration method is proposed to find the important parameters of the linear pushbroom sensors. Then, a fast and automated stereo matching algorithm based on free-form deformable registration is developed to obtain 3D measurements of the objects under inspection. A user interface is designed for 3D visualization of the objects in interests. Experimental results of sensor calibration, stereo matching, 3D measurements and visualization of a 3D cargo container and the objects inside, are presented.\nThe EURopean Illicit TRAfficing Countermeasures Kit project is part of the 6th European Union Framework Program,\nand aims at developing a neutron inspection system for detecting threat materials (explosives, drugs, etc.) in cargo\ncontainers. Neutron interaction in the container produces specific gamma-rays used to determine the chemical\ncomposition of the inspected material. An associated particle sealed tube neutron generator is developed to allow precise\nlocation of the interaction point by direction and time-of-flight measurements of the neutrons tagged by alpha-particles.\nThe EURITRACK project consists in developing: a transportable deuterium-tritium neutron generator including a\nposition sensitive alpha detector (8×8 matrix of YAP:Ce crystals coupled to a multi-anode photomultiplier), fast neutron\nand gamma-ray detectors, front-end electronics to perform coincidence and spectroscopic measurements, and an\nintegrated software which manages neutron generator and detectors positioning, data acquisition and analysis. Hardware\ncomponents have been developed and tested by the consortium partners. Current status of this work and provisional\nperformances of the system assessed by Monte Carlo calculations are presented.\nPortable device for explosives' detection (SENNA) based on Nanosecond Neutron Analysis (NNA) / Associated Particles Technique (APT) has been created and tested. SENNA is a single suitcase weighting 35 kg; it is remotely controlled from any PC-compatible computer. Inside is an APT neutron generator with a 3×3 matrix of semiconductor detectors of associated alpha-particles, two BGO-based detectors of gamma-rays, fully-digital data acquisition electronics, data analysis and decision-making software, and batteries. Detection technology is based on determining chemical composition of the concealed substance by analyzing secondary gamma-rays from interaction of tagged fast neutrons with its material. A combination of position-sensitive alpha-detector and time-of-flight analysis allows one to determine the location of the detected material within the inspected volume and its approximate mass. Fully digital data acquisition electronics is capable of performing alpha-gamma coincidence analysis at very high counting rates, which leads to reduction of the detection time down to dozens of seconds. SENNA's scenario-driven automatic decisionmaking algorithm based of \"fuzzy logic\" mechanism allows one to detect not only standard military or industrial explosives, but also improvised explosives (including those containing no nitrogen), even if their chemical composition differs from that of standard explosives. SENNA can also be \"trained\" to detect other hazardous materials, such as chemical/toxic materials, if their chemical composition is in any way different from that of the surrounding materials.\nWhen neutrons interact with nuclei, the resulting energy of the interaction can be released in the form of gamma rays, whose energy is characteristic of the nucleus involved in the reaction. The PELAN (Pulsed Elemental Analysis with Neutrons) system uses a pulsed neutron generator and an integral thermalizing shield that induce reactions that cover most of the entire neutron energy range. The neutron generator uses a d-T reaction, which releases fast 14 MeV neutrons responsible for providing information on chemical elements such as C, N, and O. During the time period between pulses, the fast neutrons undergo multiple elastic and inelastic interactions that lower their energy making them easier to be captured by chemical elements, such as H and Cl. The PELAN system has been used for a number of applications where non-intrusive, non-destructive interrogation is needed. This report illustrates examples of its performance in interrogations for unexploded ordnance (UXO), landmines, large vehicle bombs and illicit drug detection.\nCompact Marx generators based on the wave-erection principle are ideal drivers for flash x-ray systems. Traditional Marx generator design techniques lead to slow rising voltage pulses, marked by high impedances, large temporal jitter values and inefficient transfer of energy. As a result, larger pulse generators are fabricated to overcome these shortcomings, which results in excessive volumes and weights. Applied Physical Electronics, L.C. has been developing Marx generators for many years based on the wave-erection principle. As a result, generators with relatively low source impedances, high impulse voltages and compact geometries are making their way into use as portable flash x-ray drivers. More recently, APELC is extending their compact designs into complete flash x-ray systems, including the diode load. This paper discusses two generator systems that have been developed, basic diode geometries that will be incorporated, and a new novel system designed to generate up to an x-ray energy of 3.2 MeV.\nA new neutron interrogation technique for detection of concealed Special Nuclear Material (SNM) is\ndescribed. This technique is a combination of timing techniques from pulsed prompt gamma neutron activation analysis\nwith silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor fast neutron detector technology. SiC detectors are a new class of radiation\ndetectors that are ultra-fast and capable of processing high count rates. SiC detectors can operate during and within\nnanoseconds of the end of an intense neutron pulse, providing the ability to detect the prompt neutron emissions from\nfission events produced by the neutrons in concealed SNM on a much faster pulsing time scale than has been achieved\nby other techniques.\nNeutron-induced fission neutrons in 235U have been observed in the time intervals between pulses of 14-MeV\nneutrons from a deuterium-tritium electronic neutron generator. Initial measurements have emphasized the detection of\nSNM using thermal-neutron induced fission. Neutron pulsing and time-sequenced neutron counts were carried out on a\nhundreds of microseconds time scale, enabling the observation of prompt fission neutrons induced by the die-away of\nthermal neutrons following the 14-MeV pulse. A discussion of pulsed prompt-neutron measurements and of SiC\ndetectors as well as initial measurement results will be presented.\nCompton imagers offer a method for passive detection of nuclear material over background radiation. A prototype Compton imager has been constructed using 8 layers of silicon detectors. Each layer consists of a 2×2 array of 2 mm thick cross-strip double-sided silicon detectors with active areas of 5.7 × 5.7 cm2 and 64 strips per side. The detectors are daisy-chained together in the array so that only 256 channels of electronics are needed to read-out each layer of the instrument. This imager is a prototype for a large, high-efficiency Compton imager that will meet operational requirements of Homeland Security for detection of shielded uranium. The instrument can differentiate between different radioisotopes using the reconstructed gamma-ray energy and can also show the location of the emissions with respect to the detector location. Results from the current instrument as well as simulations of the next generation instrument are presented.\nPhotons with energies above 6 MeV can be used to detect small amounts of nuclear material inside large cargo containers. The method consists in using an intense beam of high-energy photons (bremsstrahlung radiation) in order to induce reactions of photofission on actinides. The measurement of delayed neutrons and delayed gammas emitted by fission products brings specific information on localization and quantification of the nuclear material. A simultaneous measurement of both of these delayed signals can overcome some important limitations due to matrix effects like heavy shielding and/or the presence of light elements as hydrogen. We have a long experience in the field of nuclear waste package characterization by photon interrogation and we have demonstrated that presently the detection limit can be less than one gram of actinide per ton of package. Recently we tried to extend our knowledge to assess the performance of this method for the detection of special nuclear materials in sea and air freights. This paper presents our first results based on experimental measurements carried out in the SAPHIR facility, which houses a linear electron accelerator with the energy range from 15 MeV to 30 MeV. Our experiments were also modeled using the full scale Monte Carlo techniques. In addition, and in a more general frame, due to the lack of consistent data on photonuclear reactions, we have been working on the development of a new photonuclear activation file (PAF), which includes cross sections for more than 600 isotopes including photofission fragment distributions and delayed neutron tables for actinides. Therefore, this work includes also some experimental results obtained at the ELSA electron accelerator, which is more adapted for precise basic nuclear data measurements.\nWe report on recent progress in the development of the Fast Neutron Imaging Telescope (FNIT), a detector with both imaging and energy measurement capabilities, sensitive to neutrons in the 2-20 MeV range. FNIT was initially conceived to study solar neutrons as a candidate design for the Solar Sentinels program under formulation at NASA. This instrument is now being configured to locate fission neutron sources for homeland security purposes. By accurately identifying the position of the neutron source with imaging techniques and reconstructing the energy spectrum of fission neutrons, FNIT can locate problematic amounts of Special Nuclear Material (SNM), including heavily shielded and masked samples. The detection principle is based on multiple elastic neutron-proton (n-p) scatterings in organic scintillators. By reconstructing the n-p event locations and sequence and measuring the recoil proton energies, the direction and energy spectrum of the primary neutron flux can be determined and neutron point sources identified. The performance of FNIT is being evaluated through a series of Monte Carlo simulations and lab tests of detector prototypes. The Science Model One (SM1) of this instrument was recently assembled and is presently undergoing performance testing.\nThe detection of shielded special nuclear materials is of great concern to the homeland security community. It is a challenging task that typically requires large detectors arrays to achieve the required sensitivity to detect shielded enriched uranium. We simulated the performance of three different configurations of scintillation detectors in a realistic gamma ray background. The simulations were performed using the GEANT4 simulation package fine tuned for low energy photon transport. The background spectrum was obtained by modeling high-resolution background spectra obtained by various groups in various locations. The performance of a non-imaging scintillating array was compared to the performance of two imaging arrays: a coded aperture imager and a Compton imager. The sensitivity was modeled at three energies for the emission from a 1 kg sphere of uranium enriched to 95% U-235: the 185 keV emission from U-235, the 1001 keV emission from U-238, and the 2614 keV emission from U-232. The instruments were modeled with and without passive shielding. The most detectable signal is the 2.614 MeV emission from U-232 contamination if present at a level greater than tens of parts per trillion. While the non-imaging array has the highest efficiency, it also has the highest background rate and is therefore not the most sensitive instrument. We present the expected performance for the three different configurations.\nThe Florida Institute for Nuclear Detection and Security (FINDS) is currently working on the design and evaluation of a prototype neutron detector array that may be used for parcel screening systems and homeland security applications. In order to maximize neutron detector response over a wide spectrum of energies, moderator materials of different compositions and amounts are required, and can be optimized through 3-D discrete ordinates and Monte Carlo model simulations verified through measurement. Pu-Be sources can be used as didactic source materials to augment the design, optimization, and construction of detector arrays with proper characterization via transport analysis. To perform the assessments of the Pu-Be Source Capsule, 3-D radiation transport computations are used, including Monte Carlo (MCNP5) and deterministic (PENTRAN) methodologies. In establishing source geometry, we based our model on available source schematic data. Because both the MCNP5 and PENTRAN codes begin with source neutrons, exothermic (α,n) reactions are modeled using the SCALE5 code from ORNL to define the energy spectrum and the decay of the source. We combined our computational results with experimental data to fully validate our computational schemes, tools and models. Results from our computational models will then be used with experiment to generate a mosaic of the radiation spectrum. Finally, we discuss follow-up studies that highlight response optimization efforts in designing, building, and testing an array of detectors with varying moderators/thicknesses tagged to specific responses predicted using 3-D radiation transport models to augment special nuclear materials detection.\nNIRST is a pushbroom scanning infrared radiometer that makes use of 512×2 arrays of resistive microbolometers. This instrument comprises mainly two cameras, one operating in the spectral band of 3.4-4.2 μm (band 1) and the other in the bands of 10.4-11.3 (band 2) and 11.4-12.3 μm (band 3). It is intended for the retrievals of forest fire and sea surface temperatures in the Aquarius / SAC-D mission. In this mission the satellite will be launched into a Sun Synchronous polar orbit with an ascending node at 6 PM. This orbit suits the need of discriminating forest fires from solar reflections. NIRST is designed to achieve a spatial resolution of 350 m and a swath width of 180 km at nadir. Its field of view can be steered across track up to 500 km on each side to shorten the revisit time.\nTo measure fire intensity temperatures NIRST will perform multispectral scans of ground area in bands 1 and 2 and the acquired data will be analyzed using a double band algorithm. The microbolometer detectors have been designed to exhibit useful dynamic range for this application. It is projected that the detector response in band 1 saturates only when NIRST scans a 350 m ground pixel of average temperature of 700 K. The use of the data acquired in bands 2 and 3 allows for the retrieval of sea surface temperature by means of the split algorithm technique.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Three new ECOSENS deliverables representing the complete package of documents necessary for the assessment of the sustainability of nuclear energy to be carried out in the project are now available on the project webpage.\nThey are reporting on:\n- the methodology proposed by WP2 participants for the assessment of the nuclear energy sustainability and discussed during 1st ECOSENS Workshop (1)\n- the set of indicators to be used jn the effective application of this methodology (D2.2)\n- scenarios proposed for nuclear power development in the European Union at the horizon of 2050 developed based on the ECOSENS investigation of energy demand, existing policies for decarbonization, and impact of societal and technological changes on the future energy market (D2.3)", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Survey on the radioactive substance in the coastal areas near Fukushima Prefecture in FY2021\nMisono, Toshiharu ; Nakanishi, Takahiro ; Sanada, Yukihisa ; Shiribiki, Takehiko; Urabe, Yoshimi*; Tsuruta, Tadahiko\nAn accident occurred at the TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F) in 2011 and a large amount of radioactive materials were deposited around the 1F. Japan Atomic Energy Agency has continued to conduct research on the dynamics of radioactive materials after the accident. This report summarizes the results of the survey conducted in FY 2021 on the status of marine monitoring survey on radioactive substances. Furthermore, a seabed topography and sediments distribution survey was conducted in the coastal area off the Mano River from the Ohta River to understand the topography and sediment distribution. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the inflow of radioactive Cs from the river, the horizontal distribution of the radioactive Cs concentration on the surface sediment in front of the rivers was measured. As basic information on the effects of radioactive materials on marine products, the distribution status of fish was investigated. In addition, a demonstration test of water sampling and sediment sampling was conducted using an unmanned observation vessel. From these results, we estimated the distribution and its dynamics of radioactive Cs in the sediments in the front area on the 1F.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "- About Us\n- Our Expertise\n- What is IR35?\n- News & Blog\n- Policy Documents\n- Contact Us\nEDF Awards Atkins £5m Contract for Enabling Works at Sizewell C Nuclear Power Station\n26 Jul 2019\nEDF have awarded engineering contractor Atkins a contract worth £5 million to work on the basic design of enabling works for the proposed Sizewell C nuclear power station in Suffolk.\nA major remit of the works is for Atkins to reduce project costs to EDF by 20%, which it is hoped will be made possible by replicating construction techniques and design solutions from Hinkley Point C in Somerset.\nThe proposed Sizewell C would be built directly to the north of the existing Sizewell B nuclear power station, and would comprise two 1,670 MW EPR reactors capable of supplying 20% of the UK’s electricity.\nSizewell C is currently at stage 4 of public consultations, after which EDF will submit an application to the Planning Inspectorate for development consent for the nuclear new build development.\nDo you want to work on exciting projects within Nuclear?\nFor 30 years Millbank have been involved in some of the country’s most vital nuclear projects.\nIf you have experience within the Nuclear or other highly regulated sectors, from new build to operations and decommissioning, register your CV on the Millbank website today and we will send you relevant opportunities as they are released, or take a look at the jobs below.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The USS Nautilus: Nuclear Science Week\nIt's Nuclear Science Week--a national and international, broadly observed week-long celebration to focus local, regional, national and inter\nNature at Night: Learning After Dark\n(Source) Do you like the unusual? Why not do a little bit of science exploration after dark and shake up the HOW and WHERE for learning?...", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Levels of radioactive fallout are often much higher than you might expect. Nuclear power, missile tests, and improper disposal of radioactive materials has led to widespread contamination. But this is where biodynamics can help.\nWe measured radioactivity levels on a 20 year biodynamic farm immediately adjacent to a neighboring conventional farm. The Biodynamic Storch farm was very safe — only 4.5% of the total safe level for the farm! On the other hand, the adjacent farm was 307.7% the safe level of radioactive fallout — that’s more than three times the safe levels!\nClick here for interactive chart.\nThis is an incredible difference between two adjacent farms. What do you think of this?", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "I have to think about the New Mexican people being proud on the nuclear bomb test in their neighborhood. In Germany, people wouldn't be proud if next to them nuclear weapons had been tested. They would be worried about all the radiations they would have. I read that on July 16, 1945 the first nuclear bomb was detonated in the \"Trinity Site\" and that was the beginning of the nuclear age in the United States. People here are proud of being at a place which marks the beginning of a new age instead being worried about radiation.\nThe beginning of the nuclear age in Germany was December 17, 1938 when Otto Hahn proofed nuclear fission in a experiment. It's interesting that to enter the nuclear age an experiment which fits on a table is enough in Germany while in the US a nuclear bomb, named \"Fat Man\", has to be detonated. Maybe, the reason for that is that the United States is bigger and has more population than Germany. I guess, after Otto Hahn performed the nuclear fission experiment, he told his college by speaking with him through the window: \"Fritz, I have split nuclei. We are now in the nuclear age.\" Fritz answered with a simple: \"Cool\". Later that day, Fritz told everyone he knew the good news and so Germany knew in which age it was.\nHere in the US, you can't let everyone know by speaking through your window. Here, you need something bigger, something much louder and something glaring like the sun - you need \"Fat Man\"", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The scope of the massive cyberattack on the U.S. federal government continued to expand on Thursday.\n\"The Energy Department and National Nuclear Security Administration, which maintains the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile, have evidence that hackers accessed their networks as part of an extensive espionage operation that has affected at least half a dozen federal agencies, officials directly familiar with the matter said. On Thursday, DOE and NNSA officials began coordinating notifications about the breach to their congressional oversight bodies,\" Politico's Natasha Bertrand reported Thursday.\n\"They found suspicious activity in networks belonging to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Sandia and Los Alamos national laboratories in New Mexico and Washington, the Office of Secure Transportation and the Richland Field Office of the DOE. The hackers have been able to do more damage at FERC than at the other agencies, the officials said, but did not elaborate,\" Politico noted.\nSCOOP/BREAKING NEWS: The Energy Department and National Nuclear Security Administration, which maintains the U.S. n… https://t.co/G5MvRaIlaa— Natasha Bertrand (@Natasha Bertrand) 1608237022.0\nDOE and NNSA officials have begun coordinating notifications about the breach to their congressional oversight bodi… https://t.co/qFuseY07VR— Natasha Bertrand (@Natasha Bertrand) 1608237139.0", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "MAS solid-state NMR is capable of determining structures of protonated solid proteins using proton-detected experiments. These experiments are performed at MAS rotation frequency of around 110 kHz, employing 0.5 mg of material. Here, we compare (1)H, (13)C correlation spectra obtained from protonated and deuterated microcrystalline proteins at MAS rotation frequency of 111 kHz, and show that the spectral quality obtained from deuterated samples is superior to those acquired using protonated samples in terms of resolution and sensitivity. In comparison to protonated samples, spectra obtained from deuterated samples yield a gain in resolution on the order of 3 and 2 in the proton and carbon dimensions, respectively. Additionally, the spectrum from the deuterated sample yields approximately 2-3 times more sensitivity compared to the spectrum of a protonated sample. This gain could be further increased by a factor of 2 by making use of stereospecific precursors for biosynthesis. Although the overall resolution and sensitivity of (1)H, (13)C correlation spectra obtained using protonated solid samples with rotation frequencies on the order of 110 kHz is high, the spectral quality is still poor when compared to the deuterated samples. We believe that experiments involving large protein complexes in which sensitivity is limiting will benefit from the application of deuteration schemes.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The flow behavior of gas and liquid properties are analytically and experimentally investigated.\nA highly capable software package is available for flow analysis, which may also be used for static and dynamic FEM-analyses. For experimental flow investigations there exits a laboratory with various capable air and water test equipment.\nA specialty is a steam test facility, which can operate at steam conditions of a primary circuit of a pressurizer water reactor up to 200 bar and 370°C. The electrically heated steam generator produces 1 t of steam / h under the above mentioned conditions. Located behind the steam generator is a pressure vessel with 3 test rigs. Tests within the laboratory could eliminate a part of the hot commissioning on site.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Latest Nuclear safety Stories\nThe international Laboratory Safety Culture Survey will gather data on researchers’ safety practices and attitudes; information to provide guidance for future safety policies and procedures.\nA Japanese government panel warned that there could be power outages this summer if three Japanese utilities do not get much needed energy from nuclear reactors that have been on shutdown since the Fukushima crisis more than a year ago.\nFor the first time in four decades, Japan will be without nuclear power, as the last of its 50 reactors was shut down Saturday.\nNew research from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) may have an impact in a range of industries, from engineering to pharmaceutical manufacturing.\n- To swell, as grain or wood with water.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "13.09.2023 - Beznau nuclear power plant (KKB) has completed the overhaul of block 2. The Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI) has given its approval for the resumption of operations. KKB 2 will thus start a new operating cycle. The plant will continue providing an essential contribution to the security of supply in Switzerland.\nThe overhaul focused on comprehensive maintenance work, periodic tests and inspections. Out of 121 fuel elements, 20 were replaced. The employees of the KKB re-ceived support from several hundred external experts from the region, Switzerland and abroad.\nFollowing approval by ENSI, KKB 2 returns to power operation with the first turbine group. The second turbine group will follow in the next days due to a delay in the delivery of spare parts. As the plant powers up again, steam will be visible above the non-nuclear part of the plant (engine room) at times. There is no danger to people or the environment.\nThe Beznau nuclear power plant produces around 6 terawatt hours of electricity in a safe, reliable and climate-friendly way every year – meeting about one tenth of Swit-zerland’s electricity requirements. The two power plant blocks are taken off grid sep-arately in spring/summer for fuel element replacement or overhaul. They then resume a contribution to Switzerland’s security of supply for around another year, something which is particularly vital in the winter months.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Radionuclides have now become part and parcel of our lives, and there does not seem any escape from them. Radionuclides have shown immense application potential in various fields of science and medicine, and thus, their management acquires utmost priority. Radioisotopes also command natural existence in almost all the excavated mineral ores and fossil fuels besides fertilizer and industrial waste that is generated following burning of fossil fuels. Widespread acceptability of nuclear power plants as the most potent, viable, and practical alternative to produce power to meet huge electricity demand of the domestic and industrial sectors further reveals how the nuclear technology has entered our lives. Add to it the demolishing power of the nuclear technology which is also muscled several times in the past by the developing and developed countries alike. Enrichment of water bodies with radioactive uranium of geological origin is also a concern. Add to it the challenge of climate change that we greatly impede or hasten the geological transition of radionuclides from the nonmobile or immobilized moieties into the mobile forms to contaminate soil and water bodies across a larger region, thus also risking the contamination of food chain. This chapter collates information available on changes in soil and plant attributes that may take place under the climate change scenario to alter the transfer of radioactivity in the environment particularly the soil to plant continuum. The triggers, challenges, and likely adaptation opportunities are discussed.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Business News›International Atomic Energy Agency\nINTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY\nRussia-Ukraine war: UN Nuclear Chief Visits Chernobyl, says Plant seizure risked accident\nThe International Atomic Energy Agency said Russian troops risked causing an accident attempting to seize control of the Chernobyl nuclear plant. Speaking during a visit to the plant on Tuesday, IAEA chief Rafael Mariano Grossi said despite the aversion of any ...\nIAEA chief to head mission to Chernobyl next week\nSince the withdrawal of the Russian military from the Chernobyl plant, Ukraine has taken significant steps for the safe and secure operation of the site of world's worst nuclear accident, where various radioactive waste management facilities are now located. It has carried out the first rotation of staff in three weeks, and earlier this week it re-established direct communications between the plant and the nuclear regulator that had been down for more than a month.\nIndia to import 100 tonne of uranium to power nuclear power plants in FY23\nReplying to a question in the Lok Sabha on Wednesday, Jitendra Singh, Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances; Pensions and Prime Minister's Office said 100 tonne of natural uranium in the form of uranium ore concentrate is scheduled to be imported during 2022-23.\nChernobyl staff rotated out for first time since site's capture by Russian forces\nMore than three weeks ago Russian forces took control of the waste facilities near the now-defunct power plant that was the site of the world's worst nuclear accident in 1986.\nIAEA: Power line repairs begin at Chernobyl\nThe Vienna-based UN nuclear watchdog said that it still isn't receiving data from monitoring systems installed to monitor nuclear material and activities at Chernobyl, but transmission from the Zaporizhzhia plant Ukraine's biggest, which Russian forces seized last week has been restored after being lost earlier this week. The Ukrainian nuclear regulator said Friday that workers repaired one section of the lines, but there still appears to be damage in other places.\nIAEA calls extraordinary meeting to discuss UkraineAlso on Sunday the IAEA said it had been informed by Ukraine that \"missiles hit the site of a radioactive waste disposal facility in Kiev overnight but there were no reports of damage to the building or any indications of a radioactive release\".\nMan who pushed Pokhran-I nuclear test button dies in USIn an earlier interaction with TOI, Dastidar had recalled the thrilling and exciting moments at Pokhran, just before he had pulled the trigger. How Dastidar was chosen for the critical task is explained by physicist Raja Ramanna, a key figure behind the nuclear test, in his autobiography, 'Years Of Pilgrimage'.\nIAEA chief vows close consultations with South Korea over Fukushima water release planRafael Grossi, director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), made the pledge during his meeting with Ham Sang-wook, Seoul's deputy foreign minister for multilateral affairs, in Vienna on Friday, according to the ministry.\nIAEA: North Korea appears to have resumed nuke reactor operationThe annual report by the International Atomic Energy Agency refers to a 5-megawatt reactor at the North's main nuclear complex in Yongbyon, north of Pyongyang. The reactor produces plutonium, one of the two key ingredients used to build nuclear weapons along with highly enriched uranium.\nChina launches first commercial onshore small reactor projectCNNC originally aimed to start building the project at the Changjiang nuclear reactor complex on the island province of Hainan in 2017, but it has been subject to regulatory delays.\nIran says nuclear site images won't be given to IAEA as deal has expiredThe announcement could further complicate talks between Iran and six major powers on reviving a 2015 nuclear deal. Three years ago then U.S. President Donald Trump withdrew from the pact and reimposed crippling sanctions on Tehran; Iran reacted by violating many of the deal's restrictions on its nuclear programme.\nEx-Mossad chief Yossi Cohen signals Israel behind Iran nuclear attacksIt also gave a clear warning to other scientists in Iran's nuclear program that they too could become targets for assassination even as diplomats in Vienna try to negotiate terms to try to salvage its atomic accord with world powers.\nIran nuclear deal rescue needs more time, envoys say ahead of fresh talksIranian demands about sanctions relief and Western concern over Iran's expanding nuclear know-how are among questions that may need weeks or possibly months of further negotiations, the diplomats and analysts said.\nUN nuclear watchdog sees indications of plutonium work in North KoreaThe International Atomic Energy Agency has not had access to the secretive state since Pyongyang expelled its inspectors in 2009. The country then pressed ahead with its nuclear weapons programme and soon resumed nuclear testing. Its last detonation of a nuclear weapon was in 2017.\nIAEA head calls Iran's nuclear programme \"very concerning\": FTIran was enriching uranium at purity levels that \"only countries making bombs are reaching\", Rafael Grossi, director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, told the newspaper.\nIran and world powers resume nuclear deal talksThe talks in Vienna came the day after the UN’s nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency, struck a last-minute agreement with Tehran for a one-month extension to a deal on surveillance cameras at Iran's nuclear sites.\nIran says inspectors may no longer get nuclear sites imagesThe comments by Iran's parliament speaker Mohammad Bagher Qalibaf, aired by state TV, further underscored the narrowing window for the U.S. and others to reach terms with Iran.\nIran nuclear talks show increasing hopes of a resolutionEnrique Mora, the European Union official who chaired the talks between Russia, China, Germany, France, Britain and Iran told reporters ``we have made substantial progress'' though there were ``still things to be worked out.''\nExplained: Iran atomic sites targeted by diplomacy and sabotageThe attack Sunday at Natanz comes as world powers try to negotiate a return by Iran and the U.S. to Tehran's atomic accord. The sabotage threatens to upend those negotiations and further heighten regional tensions across the Mideast.\nUAE to host IAEA's most complex nuclear crisis drillThe exercise, which will involve more than 170 countries, will be held at the UAE's Barakah nuclear power plant on the Gulf coast west of the capital Abu Dhabi, which lies some 340 kilometres (210 miles) from Iranian shores.\nNew photos suggest North Korea may be trying to extract plutoniumThe 38 North website, which specializes in North Korea studies, cited the imagery as indicating that a coal-fired steam plant at the North's Yongbyon nuclear complex is in operation after about a two-year hiatus. Smoke was observed emanating from the plant's smokestack at various times from late February and early March.\nUN: Iran increasing uranium enrichment purity, quantitiesThe International Atomic Energy Agency reported in a confidential document distributed to member countries that as of Feb. 16, Iran had added 17.6 kilograms (38.8 pounds) of uranium enriched to 20% to its stockpile.\nIran's Zarif says ending IAEA snap inspections doesn't breach 2015 nuclear deal\"All our steps (to breach the deal) are reversible...The move on Feb. 23 is not abandoning the deal,\" Zarif said in a televised interview with Iran's English Language Press TV.\nIran's Ayatollah Ali Khamenei demands 'action, not words' from Joe Biden to revive nuclear dealTehran has set a deadline of next week for Biden to begin reversing sanctions imposed by his predecessor Donald Trump, or Iran will take its biggest step yet to violate the nuclear deal -- banning short-notice inspections by the U.N. nuclear watchdog.\nPandemic caused slump in tests and procedures for heart disease, numbers fell by almost two-thirdsThe survey found there was a 64% reduction in cardiology diagnostic procedures in March-April 2020 compared with 2019.\nIran asks International Atomic Energy Agency not to publish 'unnecessary' nuke detailsThe report quoted a statement from Iran's nuclear department that asked the International Atomic Energy Agency to avoid publishing details on Iran's nuclear program that may cause confusion.\nEuropean Union warns Iran enrichment moves could imperil nuclear dealEuropean Union foreign policy chief Josep Borrell said Iran's intention to enrich uranium up to 20 per cent at the Fordo underground nuclear facility \"is a very serious development and a matter of deep concern,\" and \"has very severe proliferation implications.\" Last week, Iran began enriching uranium to levels unseen since the deal was struck in 2010.Load More\nBACK TO TOP", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The THOR® fluidized bed steam reforming process has been successfully operated for more than 10 years in the United States for the treatment of low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes generated by commercial nuclear power plants. The principle waste stream that has been treated is ion exchange resins (IER) and Dry Active Waste (DAW), but various liquids, sludges, and solid organic wastes have also been treated. The principle advantages of the THOR® process include: (a) high volume reduction on the order of 5:1 to 10:1 for IER and up to 50:1 for high plastic content DAW streams depending on the waste type and waste characteristics, (b) environmentally compliant off-gas emissions, (c) reliable conversion of wastes into mineralized products that are durable and leach-resistant, and (d) no liquid effluents for treatment of most radioactive wastes. Over the past ten years, the THOR® process has been adapted for the treatment of more complex wastes including historic defense wastes, reprocessing wastes, and other wastes associated with the fuel cycle. As part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) environmental remediation activities, the THOR® dual bed steam reforming process has successfully processed: (a) Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Sodium-Bearing Waste (SBW), (b) Savannah River Tank 48 High Level Waste (HLW), (c) Hanford Low Activity Waste (LAW), and (d) Hanford Waste Treatment Plant Secondary Waste (WTP-SW) liquid slurry simulants. The THOR® process has been shown in pilot plant operations to successfully process various simulated liquid, radioactive, nitrate-containing wastes into environmentally safe, leach-resistant, solid mineralized products. These mineralized products incorporate normally soluble ions (e.g. - Na, K, Cs, Tc), sulfates, chloride salts, and fluoride salts into an alkali alumino-silicate mineral matrix that inhibits the leaching of those ions into the environment. The solid mineralized products produced by the THOR® process exhibit durability and leach resistance characteristics superior to borosilicate waste glasses. As a result of this work, a full-scale THOR® process facility is currently under construction at the DOE's Idaho site for the treatment of SBW and a full-scale facility is in the final design stage for the DOE's Savannah River Site for the treatment of Tank 48 high level waste. Recent work has focused on the development of new monolithic waste formulations, the extension of the THOR® process to new waste streams, and the development of modular THOR® processes for niche waste treatment applications. This paper will provide an overview of current THOR® projects and summarize the processes and outcomes of the regulatory and safety reviews that have been necessary for the THOR® process to gain acceptance in the USA.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Russian nuclear scientists, tempted to emigrate to countries eager to acquire their skills for military purposes, will be paid to stay put under a new agreement signed by United States energy secretary Bill Richardson.\nThe US will allot $20 million in assistance to scientists and workers in 35 formerly secret and semi-secret cities and facilities of the nuclear defence industry.\nThese, like all government-paid workers in Russia, are particularly vulnerable to downswings in the economy since, when short of ready cash, the Russian government simply defers payingwages, sometimes for months at a time.\nDrastic action, such as a hunger strike, wins a temporary respite for a particular sector, but within a few months the arrears of wages build up again.\nRussia's new government started well with a pledge to pay off its debts to nuclear and arms workers and it carried out its promise. But the pay-off was accompanied by a decision to cut 45,000 jobs in the sector before the end of the year.\nThis triggered US fears that the redundant scientists might get tempting offers from third-world countries with nuclear ambitions.\nThe US has been providing assistance to impoverished Russian nuclear scientists since 1994. According to the newspaper Novyye Izvestiya, it is probably one of the few instances of US aid which has really helped the intended recipients. Even so, the response to the announced job cuts was rapid - reflecting high-level concern in Washington.\nThis latest aid package, which will formally be part of an anti-nuclear proliferation programme, will be targeted on the city of Sarov, formerly the Armazas-16 secret nuclear centre east of Moscow.\nIt will be financed not only from the US budget but also from various US and European private funds and companies.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The magazine is due out soon, but we have received a PDF preview of it. It looks great and the editorial content is amazing as well. One interesting chapter analyzes the way the media reports nuclear power in Japan. The article exposes the close economic ties between industry and media, giving rise to doubts about the impartiality we expect from media outlets.\nIn another article Tomohiko Susuki analyzes the work conditions at nuclear plants, bringing to light backstage information of life in a nuclear plant. A report from the Nuclear Power Free World in Yokohama in January 2012 quotes mayors of towns near Fukushima reactors and other nuclear power plants in Japan. They spoke passionately against nuclear power. And there is much more in this instigating and timely publication.\nThe issue of nuclear power haunts Japan, especially around this time of the year when the country remembers the nuclear attacks on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which took place on August 6th and August 9th 1945, respectively.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Russian energy officials said they have begun loading fuel into the first reactor at the new Belarusian Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), while at the same time confirming plans for the start-up of a second reactor at the site in Astravets. The plant is the first nuclear power facility to be built in Belarus.\nThe project has moved forward despite fierce opposition from neighboring Lithuania, where officials have voiced safety concerns since work on the plant began in 2011. Vilnius, the Lithuanian capital, is about 30 miles from Astravets, and the Lithuanian government has said it will not import electricity from the plant due to national security concerns. Lithuania, along with Estonia and Latvia, also has considered placing fees on power imports from Russia due to the plant’s construction.\nAlexander Lokshin, the first deputy director general for operational management at Rosatom, Russia’s state-owned nuclear company, on August 7 said a second reactor at the site is scheduled for completion in mid-2022. The plant is being built by Atomstroyexport, a Rosatom subsidiary.\nFuel loading of Unit 1 at the plant began Friday, and a total of 163 fuel assemblies are expected to be loaded by the end of August. Unit 1 is a VVER-1200 reactor (water-water energetic reactor), built using the Russian AES-2006 design, and the second reactor will be the same model. Each reactor will have 1,200 MW of generation capacity. Unit 1 is scheduled to enter commercial operation by the end of this year.\n“The Republic of Belarus has become the owner of a power unit built according to the latest Gen 3+ technologies,” Alexecy Likhachev, Rosatom general director, said in an email to POWER. “This technology has been proved and tested through the operation of similar power units in Russia. They meet all the post-Fukushima safety requirements, and all the IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency] missions have recognized their reliability. It is very important for us that we have built the first VVER-1200 unit abroad in the Republic of Belarus, a good neighbor of ours.”\nOfficials in Belarus have repeatedly said the plant meets IAEA requirements, citing several inspections by the agency. Officials also said representatives of the European Commission and the European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group have overseen the project’s construction.\nPlant’s Safety Questioned\nDespite those assurances about the plant’s safety, Lithuanian President Gitanas Nauseda on Friday called the plant a “threat to our state’s national security, public health and environment.” Zygimantas Vaiciunas, Lithuania’s energy minister, said he had warned the IAEA about what he called the Belarus government’s haste to launch the project.\nLithuania, Latvia, and Estonia all want to decouple from their Soviet-era common power system by 2025.\nRussian officials have said the Astravets plant will cost $10 billion. It is financed with a state loan that will be paid over a 25-year period.\n“We are building many nuclear power plant units across the globe and Belarusian specialists already participate in two construction projects of ours, the Kursk nuclear power plant in Russia and the Rooppur nuclear power plant in Bangladesh,” Lokshin said in announcing the construction timeline for Unit 2.\nExport of Russian Technology\nUnit 1 at the Belarus site is the first reactor of the newest Gen 3+ type using Russian technologies to be built outside Russia. There are units of that type currently operating in Russia—two at the Novovoronezh NPP, and one at the Leningrad NPP. Russian officials have said the VVER-1200, an upgrade from the previous VVER-1000 reactor, is not only more advanced but also safer, and will operate more efficiently, with a better economic profile.\n“Compared to the power units with the VVER-1000 reactor of the previous generation, the innovative Gen 3+ power unit with the VVER-1200 reactor has a number of advantages that significantly increase its economic performance and safety,” Andrey Petrov, general director of the Rosenergoatom, and first vice president for nuclear power plant construction of the ASE Group, said in a statement shared with POWER.\nRosatom told POWER in a statement that the main feature of the VVER-1200 “is a combination of active and passive safety systems that make the NPP fully resistant to external and internal influences. For example, all power units are equipped with a core catcher, a device provided to catch the molten core material of a nuclear reactor, as well as other passive safety systems capable of operating in complete power outage and without operators. In addition, the capacity of the power unit has increased by 20%, the number of maintenance personnel has been significantly reduced, and the design life of the main equipment has been doubled from 30 to 60 years with the possibility of extending it for another 20 years.”\nBelarus Wants to Reduce Reliance on Russian Natural Gas\nThe nuclear power plant is a part of Belarus’ energy strategy formulated over the past decade, as the country wants to reduce reliance on Russian-sourced natural gas, which today generates about 95% of the country’s electricity. The Belarus energy plant also calls for construction of a 1,000-MW coal-fired plant, four hydropower stations with a total capacity of 120 MW, and wind projects totaling 300 MW.\nBelarusian officials have said the plan, if fully implemented, would reduce the country’s share of power generation from Russian natural gas to about 55%.\nRosatom told POWER that Atomenergomash JSC, the company’s mechanical engineering division, is supplying all key equipment of the nuclear island for the Belarusian NPP. Fuel for the plant is produced at the Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant, which is part of TVEL, the Russian nuclear fuel cycle company that belongs to a Rosatom subsidiary. The fuel’s enrichment level varies from 1.3% to 4.4%, according to Rosatom.\nRosatom told POWER that the company currently has 25 reactors under construction in nine countries, with an international order portfolio of 36 VVER units at different stages of implementation in 12 countries.\n—Darrell Proctor is associate editor for POWER (@DarrellProctor1, @POWERmagazine).", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "An ultra-high-resolution technique used for the first time to study polymer fibers that trap uranium in seawater may cause researchers to rethink the best methods to harvest this potential fuel for nuclear reactors.\nThe work of a team led by Carter Abney, a Wigner Fellow at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory, shows that the polymeric adsorbent materials that bind uranium behave nothing like scientists had believed. The results, gained through collaboration with the University of Chicago and detailed in a paper published in Energy & Environmental Science, highlight data made possible with X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy performed at the Advanced Photon Source. The APS is a DOE Office of Science User Facility at Argonne National Laboratory.\n“Despite the low concentration of uranium and the presence of many other metals extracted from seawater, we were able to investigate the local atomic environment around uranium and better understand how it is bound by the polymer fibers,” Abney said.\nSurprisingly, the spectrum for the seawater-contacted polymer fibers was distinctly different from what was expected based on small molecule and computational investigations. Researchers concluded that for this system the approach of studying small molecule structures and assuming that they accurately represent what happens in a bulk material simply doesn’t work.\nIt is necessary to consider large-scale behavior to obtain the complete picture, highlighting the need for developing greater computational capabilities, according to Abney.\n“This challenges the long-held assumption regarding the validity of using simple molecular-scale approaches to determine how these complex adsorbents bind metals,” Abney said. “Rather than interacting with just one amidoxime, we determined multiple amidoximes would have to cooperate to bind each uranium molecule and that a second metal that isn’t uranium also participates in forming this binding site.”\nAn amidoxime is the chemical group attached to the polymer fiber responsible for binding uranium.\nAbney and colleagues plan to use this knowledge to design adsorbents that can harness the vast reserves of uranium dissolved in seawater. The payoff promises to be significant.\n“Nuclear power production is anticipated to increase with a growing global population, but estimates predict only 100 years of uranium reserves in terrestrial ores,” Abney said. “There is approximately 1,000 times that amount dissolved in the ocean, which would meet global demands for the foreseeable future.”\nThe Latest on: Extracting uranium from seawater\n[google_news title=”” keyword=”extracting uranium from seawater” num_posts=”10″ blurb_length=”0″ show_thumb=”left”]\nvia Google News\nThe Latest on: Extracting uranium from seawater\n- Top 10 countries with the highest uranium reserves 2023on February 20, 2024 at 7:39 am\nOver the last decade, global uranium resources have grown by at least 25% due to intensified mineral exploration ...\n- Harnessing the Power of the Sea: The Future of Uranium Extraction for Clean Energyon February 13, 2024 at 8:36 pm\nExploring the innovative frontier of uranium extraction from the sea, this article delves into the transformative potential for clean energy development. It highlights the challenges, technologies, ...\n- The 3 Best Renewable Energy Stocks to Invest In for Big Gains in 2024on January 29, 2024 at 6:41 am\nHowever, indications suggest nuclear energy could one day become as renewable as hydroelectric as we venture into extracting uranium from seawater. Chinese scientists have already started to ...\n- Scientists create DNA hydrogel-based, solar-powered evaporation system for highly efficient seawater desalinationon January 8, 2024 at 6:36 am\nAlongside desalination of seawater, a variety of valuable minerals and resources rich in the ocean can be extracted simultaneously, including uranium and lithium. Hydrogels are soft materials made ...\n- Extracting uranium from seawater as another source of nuclear fuel (IMAGE)on December 21, 2023 at 10:41 am\non its surface from uranium-spiked seawater. Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the ...\n- Children of Uraniumon May 8, 2023 at 1:00 am\nMost of the mine's employees didn't even know they were extracting uranium, but quartz or lead. People were not supposed to talk about this and they still don't. Even though in February 2009 the ...\n- Uranium From Seawater Could Keep Our Lights On for 13,000 Yearson April 28, 2016 at 3:35 am\nWe have 4.5 billion tons of uranium in seawater. Half of that amount is enough to power nuclear plants worldwide for 6,500 years. However, unfortunately, the costs of extracting uranium from ...\nvia Bing News", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "As the accident at Chernobyl illustrated, the geographical scope of damage caused by a nuclear accident is not necessarily confined to national boundaries. In the event of a nuclear accident causing damage in more than one country, it is desirable that the protection accorded to victims by a third party liability regime be distributed equitably among affected countries. Although the high safety standards of the nuclear industry mean that the risk of an accident is very low, the possible magnitude of damage from a nuclear accident is such that insurance coverage of liability requires international collaboration between national insurance pools. These considerations were recognised in the early years of the nuclear power industry and inspired States to develop the existing international regimes. Furthermore, there is a significant amount of transboundary transport of nuclear materials. Such international movement is both better regulated and facilitated by being subject to one uniform regime.\nThere are two basic international regimes for nuclear third party liability in force: the Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy (\"the Paris Convention\") was established on 29 July 1960 under the auspices of the NEA and covers most West European countries, while the Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage (\"the Vienna Convention\") was established on 21 May 1963 under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and is worldwide in character. The list of Contracting Parties to the Paris Convention is as follows:\nCoverage under the Paris Convention is extended by the Supplementary Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy of 31 January 1963 (\"the Brussels Supplementary Convention\"). The list of Contracting Parties to the Brussels Supplementary Convention is as follows:\nThe Paris Convention and the Brussels Supplementary Convention have both been amended three times: by Additional Protocols adopted in 1964, 1982 & 2004. Furthermore, the Paris and Vienna Conventions have been linked by the Joint Protocol Relating to the Application of the Vienna Convention and the Paris Convention of 21 September 1988 (\"the Joint Protocol\") which entered into force on 27 April 1992. The Paris and the Vienna Conventions are supplemented, in relation to maritime transport, by the Convention Relating to Civil Liability in the Field of Maritime Carriage of Nuclear Material of 17 December 1971 (\"the 1971 Brussels Convention\").\nNuclear Legislation in OECD Countries\nRegulatory and Institutional Framework for Nuclear Activities\nEach country profile in this valuable reference work provides a detailed review of a full range of nuclear law topics. These include: the general regulatory regime, including mining; radioactive substances and equipment; nuclear installations; trade in nuclear materials; radiation protection; radioactive waste management; non-proliferation and physical protection; transport; and nuclear third party liability.\nRevised Nuclear Third Party Liability Conventions improve victims' rights to compensation\nThe signing of the Protocols to amend the Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy and the Brussels Convention Supplementary to the Paris Convention will take place on 12 February, at OECD headquarters. The revised Conventions will allow for a considerable increase in the amount of compensation available to victims of a nuclear accident and for the expansion of the scope of application of the Paris Convention. (10 February 2004).\nSlovenia joins the Paris Convention on Nuclear Third Party Liability\nSlovenia acceded to the Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy on 16 October 2001. This was the first time that a non-member country of the OECD has acceded to the Paris Convention and Slovenias accession brings the number of Contracting Parties to the Convention to 15.\nVienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage\nConvention maintained under the auspices of the IAEA.\nLast updated: 9 December 2011", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Table of Contents\n- Loss of Countless Lives\n- Nuclear Winter\n- Nuclear Famine\n- Electromagnetic Pulse\n- Nuclear Fallout\n- Thermal Radiation\n- Radar Blackout\n- Ionizing Radiation\n- Damage Due to the Blasts\n- Consequences in a Nutshell\nIf you are one to follow the news, you probably know that the chances of a nuclear war breaking out are more likely than ever. In light of recent events, an oft-asked question is how you can survive a full-blown nuclear war. However, the question that needs to be asked is that do you even want to survive a nuclear war?\nBefore going into the direct and indirect effects of a nuclear war breaking out, it is important to understand that even a low profile nuclear war can wreak enough damage to make the earth inhabitable. A nuclear war isn’t just any war. As of 2018, nine countries have nuclear warheads. Five of these nine countries, France, the US, the UK, China, and Russia are part of the original owner’s club. (1) So, without any further ado, let us explain the 10 things that will definitely happen should a nuclear war break out.\nLoss of Countless Lives\nUnsurprisingly, the loss of countless human lives is at the top of the effects of a nuclear war. Moreover, the unprecedented loss of lives is something that will continue well after the war, courtesy of the after-effects. Hundreds of millions of innocent people will die during the war. Entire cities and their inhabitants will be vaporized. It doesn’t end there. Even after the war is long over, millions will die due to radiation exposure, cancer, and starvation. The dirt and debris that was sucked up into the mushroom clouds would be made radioactive by neutrons. A significant part of this material will fall back to the earth, resulting in radioactive fallout. Hundreds of millions will die from exposure. (2)\nAs nuclear firestorms vaporize cities and forests, great torrents of smoke will envelop the planet, spreading out in black clouds of ash. The ultimate result will be darkness at all times, causing the temperatures to plummet. All living things will slowly but surely die. A prolonged and severe cooling effect after extensive firestorms is the characteristic of nuclear winter. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that firestorms can cause soot to block direct sunlight, resulting in noontime darkness. (3)\nThough it is difficult to estimate the total number of causalities due to nuclear winter, it is a no-brainer that most of them are caused by nuclear famine. Characterized by mass starvation, more than a third of the world’s population will starve to death if a regional conflict should erupt. (4) With a continuous winter, no crops will grow. The reduction in food supplies will only serve to raise prices, affecting hundreds of millions of people. With no crops, herbivores and carnivores will slowly starve to death. Humans will gain no reprieve.\nEMP or an electromagnetic pulse is defined as a burst of electromagnetic radiation. Nuclear explosions can create an electromagnetic radiation pulse, which can disrupt or damage electronic equipment. Even a single nuclear weapon can disable all of the electronics in the United States. (5) Needless to say, EMP can disable hospitals, food storage facilities, communication, and water treatment facilities. The consequences of EMP attacks can span over months or years, resulting in a prolonged power loss. (6)\nNuclear fallout is radioactive ash and dust that is thrust into the atmosphere after an explosion. Though limited to a certain area, radioactive fallout is by no means tame. Darkened by soot, residual radioactive ash can fall in the form of black rain.\nContaining radioactive isotopes such as strontium 90 and cesium 137, black rain and fallout can contaminate waterways, crops, and soil. Direct contact with such radioactive materials ultimately leads to radiation poisoning. The after-effects of radiation poisoning and exposure include prodromal syndrome, death of your bone marrow, death of the central nervous system as well as gastrointestinal death. Long-term effects of radiation exposure also include cancer, and in utero effects on the development of humans. (7) (8)\nNuclear weapons can emit large amounts of thermal radiation in the form of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light. Known as ‘flash’, thermal radiation can cause burns and eye injuries. Thermal radiation is also capable of starting fires. Constituting about 35-40% of the energy released in a nuclear explosion, thermal radiation can cause hazards like flash blindness and retinal burns.\nFlash blindness is usually temporary, resulting in bleaching of the visual pigments. On the other hand, a retinal burn results in permanent damage due to scarring. Caused by the concentration of thermal energy on the retina, a retinal burn only occurs when the explosion or fireball is in your field of vision. An uncommon injury, retinal burns can occur at a considerable distance from the explosion. The actual height of the burst as well as the fireball’s size determines the extent of retinal scarring.\nThe heat emitted by the explosion causes ionization of the air in your surroundings. This creates a fireball. The free electrons in said fireball can affect radio waves, making a significant part of the sky opaque to radar. (9) Beta particles can also cause another blackout. Beta particles can travel longer distances, and reach the upper atmosphere. Causing ionization very similar to the fireball, beta particles can cover a wider area.\nAn obvious effect of a nuclear war, the pressure generated by an underground wave can travel through the ground and cause an earthquake. (10) Studies have shown that a nuclear war can cause fault ruptures and major and minor earthquakes. (11)\nAt least 5% of the energy released in a nuclear explosion is released in the form of ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation includes neutrons, gamma rays, alpha particles, and electrons. All of these particles travel at the speed of light, gamma rays faster than its counterparts.\nAt the site of the explosion, the intensity of neutrons is far greater than the gamma intensity. The neutron radiation is transmuted to the matter in your surroundings, making it highly radioactive. When dust and ash are added to the radioactive material released by the bomb, a significant amount of radioactive material is released into the environment. This type of radioactive poisoning is termed as a nuclear fallout. The nuclear fallout is the chief risk of exposure to the ionizing radiation of a nuclear weapon.\nDamage Due to the Blasts\nMost of the damage caused by nuclear explosions are due to the blasts themselves. Nuclear explosions can cause buildings to fold under, and vaporize entirely. The high temperatures and radiation of the nuclear explosions can cause the release of a shock wave. These shock waves and compressions can weaken structures. The weakened buildings are then destroyed by blast winds. Compressions and shock waves, coupled with drag phases can exert a force that is ten times stronger than a hurricane.\nOther than destroying buildings and structures, blasts can cause irreparable damages to the human body. The shock waves caused by the explosions can exert pressure waves throughout the tissues of your body. Chiefly damaging the junctions between tissues of bone and muscles, shock waves wreak havoc on your lungs and abdominal cavity. Injuring tissues having different densities, shock waves can cause severe hemorrhaging and embolisms. Both of these are highly fatal. The pressure exerted by the shock waves can damage lungs and even rupture eardrums.\nConsequences in a Nutshell\nIt is common knowledge that the physical and biological effects of a nuclear war have certainly advanced over the years. The harmful effects of a nuclear war on the environment are in greater focus. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said about the socio-economic effects of a nuclear war. Though it is difficult to estimate the exact effects of a nuclear war, it is by no means an invitation for us to find out just what would happen. With fluctuating temperatures, and perpetual darkness, the planet Earth will make surviving very difficult should nukes fly.\nEven if a regional war between Pakistan and India were to break out, the effects will be felt by the whole world. If the US and Russia use only a small number of their warheads, two billion people will lose their lives. This rough estimate does not include the long-term effects of a nuclear war. With a multitude of medical issues, including cancer, burns, bone marrow death, and central nervous system death, a nuclear war will certainly do in mankind. Should a nuclear war break out, the human race will, slowly but surely, die out. With constant winter, crops will die out, food prices will rise and the poorer countries will bear the brunt. Eventually, all herbivores and predators will die out, and so will humans.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The year of 2011 was unprecedented and life-changing for every member of our company due to the devastating earthquake and tsunami that struck our nation on March 11th.\nThe accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant hindered our capabilities in the area of stable power supply and caused the release of radioactive materials. This resulted in a tremendous amount of anxiety and inconvenience for not only the people of Fukushima but also broader society. In addition, the trustworthiness of TEPCO and nuclear energy were lost.\nOn the other hand, thanks to the unselfish and cooperative efforts of all those involved, we were able to improve the situation step by step and succeed in the implementation of the four \"Urgent Issues\". Namely, achieving \"earliest possible restoration from the accident\", \"empathy- based compensation payouts\", \"securement of stable power supply\" and \"thorough management streamlining.\"\nWe have now entered 2012. Although the fundamentals of the recovery work we are engaged in will not change, in terms of the present timeframe and work contents, there will be many big changes. Our focus will now shift from \"urgent and temporary\" actions to \"mid-to-long term and drastic\" measures.\nLast year, while in the midst of much future uncertainty, we had no choice but to respond quickly to many problems as they arose day to day. However, this year, our target will shift from \"urgent matters\" to resolving \"mid-to-long term issues\".\nMore precisely, over a time span of several years, ten years or even several decades, in cooperation with all of our group companies, it will be necessary for us to work harder to solve such mid-to-long term issues as \"the decommissioning project while not neglecting safety and R&D\", \"securement of stable power supply under limited management resources\" and \"large and widely varying compensation payouts\".\nIn order to achieve these targets, we must be flexible in our implementation of sweeping reforms and not cling to convention or our vested interests. It is time to move forward, make amends where needed, and unflinchingly do what needs to be done\nBy this March, in cooperation with the Nuclear Damage Compensation Facilitation Corporation, we will review the \"Comprehensive Special Business Plan\" which will outline how the TEPCO group intends to solve these issues and will include TEPCO's mid-to-long term direction and targets.\nDuring the implementation of the reforms, I would like you to pay special heed to the meaning of the word \"Shinshu\". \"Shinshu\" embodies the qualities of fearlessness and attempting new things while not being bound by tradition. It means not being afraid to take risks even in the face of the unknown. Although restoring societal trust and our company's reputation as a stable power provider will not be easy, please let the spirit of this word motivate you as we move forward together to accomplish the mid-to-long issues.\nFinally, as painful as it was, TEPCO had to make the difficult decision to increase electricity rates for our customers in the deregulated sector. This is not going to be easy to accomplish without our customer's understanding. However, after much deliberation, this step has been deemed essential to our management streamlining efforts. Hence, it is of utmost importance that the reasons and necessity of this step be kindly and thoroughly explained to all of our valued customers.\n* This address was given to TEPCO employees.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Larger particles spill out of the stem and cascade down the outside of the fireball in a downward current, even as the cloud rises, so rain begins to reach near ground zero in an hour. More than half of the total debris from the bomb falls to the ground in about 24 hours as local rain. Radioactivity and precipitation could have serious effects on the environment and health. Depending on the magnitude of a nuclear conflict, explosions could even affect the climate.\nThe exact distribution of precipitation depends crucially on the speed and direction of the wind; in some conditions, lethal rain can extend several hundred miles downwind of an explosion. A nuclear weapon that explodes at a high altitude does not produce any of the explosion or local rain effects just described. But can we eliminate nuclear weapons? Should we? What risks could such removal entail? Those are the real issues in the ongoing debates on the future of nuclear weapons. A limited form of nuclear warfare would be like conventional conflict on the battlefield, but using low-performance tactical nuclear weapons.\nA nuclear war would produce enormous quantities of ozone-consuming chemicals, and studies suggest that even modest nuclear exchange would lead to unprecedented increases in ultraviolet exposure. This was counterproductive, as Sagan was ridiculed by aggressive physicists such as Edward Teller, who had an interest in perpetuating the myth that nuclear war could be won and the belief that a missile defense system could protect the United States from nuclear attack. The most immediate effect of a nuclear explosion is an intense burst of nuclear radiation, mainly gamma rays and neutrons. Retaliatory nuclear forces (a virtual impossibility, given nuclear missile submarines, but a scenario considered with lethal seriousness by nuclear planners).\nThis web page provides information on the radioactive consequences of nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere conducted during the 1940s and 1950s. Nuclear Winter A substantial reduction in global temperature that could result from the injection of soot into the atmosphere during a nuclear war. Rain is mainly composed of fission products, although neutron capture and other nuclear reactions provide additional radioactive material. When a nuclear detonation occurs, people, plants and animals can be exposed to rain in a variety of ways.\nUsing updated models of Cold War nuclear explosions, the Wellerstein simulator can roughly predict the number of casualties and injuries from a nuclear bomb in a given location, large or small. The highest levels of outdoor rain radiation occur immediately after the arrival of rain and then decrease over time. The debate about the national and global effects of nuclear war continues, and it is unlikely that issues will be conclusively decided without the unfortunate experiment of real nuclear war. The destructive effects of explosions extend miles from the point of detonation of a typical nuclear weapon, and the lethal consequences can cover communities hundreds of miles downwind of a single nuclear explosion.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Take a look at the word thorium.\nWhat do you see?\nThose familiar with Norse mythology or the Marvel comic books might notice the root of the word is Thor, the name of the god of thunder. Thor is known for his strength and power, wielding a hammer and controlling the lightning and thunder.\nThe name alone implies a superhuman power, a superior energy. And the element doesn’t disappoint…\nThorium is a radioactive chemical element that can be found in soil and rocks. In its purest form, it appears as a silver metal, but when heated in the air, it becomes like a white light, like lightning.\nThorium is currently used in things such as light bulbs and camera lenses. It can create a high-quality refractive glass, and its high melting point can allow ceramics to resist high temperatures.\nBut light bulbs and ceramics aren’t what have the energy industry watching closely…\nHeat resistance is.\nYou see, thorium’s ultra-high melting point can be useful in more than just ceramics. Heat resistance is something scientists and energy specialists alike have been trying desperately to achieve with nuclear energy.\nOne of the biggest issues with nuclear plants is the meltdowns that can occur if the uranium is not cooled properly. We saw that tragically exhibited in Japan in 2011, when an earthquake and tsunami caused a series of meltdowns at the Fukushima Daiichi plant. The fact that the only other disaster of that caliber was the 1986 Chernobyl disaster has done little to ease the minds of world governments and energy companies. This simply highlighted the tragedy that can come along with it.\nWhich is why thorium’s properties have become so coveted. If the material were virtually meltdown-proof, the clean energy possibilities would be endless.\nThere is only one problem: Thorium is unable to sustain a nuclear reaction on its own.\nThorium in Nuclear Energy\nThorium’s inability to sustain a nuclear chain reaction causes a problem, but it’s not one without a solution.\nThe material can actually prove quite effective when combined with a fissile material — one that is able to sustain a nuclear reaction.\nThese materials include uranium-233 (which is actually an isotope of thorium), enriched uranium (U-235), and plutonium (Pu-239).\nThe use of thorium in a nuclear reaction significantly lowers the waste produced; of the waste that does occur, radioactively decaying elements are lowered as well. Combined with weapons-grade uranium, for instance, one University of Oslo researcher found that thorium can aid in reducing radioactive waste by up to 95%.\nAnd the safety of a thorium reactor compared to one using uranium is much higher. As mentioned before, thorium’s high melting point makes a nuclear meltdown much less likely.\nBut thorium can’t be used in just any nuclear reactor. Only seven types are safe for thorium reactions, including heavy water reactors, high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, boiling (light) water reactors, pressurized (light) water reactors, fast neutron reactors, molten salt reactors, and accelerator driven reactors. Molten salt reactors and accelerator driven reactors are still conceptual, though the other five have all been operational at some point.\nThe liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR), a type of molten salt reactor, is being touted by many as the best solution to thorium-powered nuclear energy. In these types of reactors, thorium and uranium fluorides are combined into a salt mixture that’s heated to a molten substance, which is then used to fuel the reactor.\nThese reactors have the potential to become self-sustainable, as they will be able to produce U-233 (the thorium isotope).\nFlibe Energy, a company started by nuclear technologist and former NASA aerospace engineer Kirk Sorensen, is conducting research on LFTR technology with a view to eventually incorporate these reactors not just into electrical energy generation, but also into fields as vastly different as desalination, cancer treatment, and deep space exploration.\nCreating the Nuclear Reaction\nStill, the fissile material that enables a thorium reactions is actually fairly difficult to supply…\nFor years, the U.S. has had a steady stream of U-235 coming in, but that runs out this year.\nFollowing the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the Lisbon Protocol in 1992, the U.S. and Russia arrived at the U.S.-Russian Highly Enriched Uranium Agreement, or what came to be known as the “Megatons to Megawatts Program.”\nUnder the terms of the 1993 agreement, Russia would dismantle Soviet nuclear warheads and convert 500 tonnes of highly-enriched uranium to low-enriched uranium, which would be sold to the U.S. for use in nuclear reactors.\nBy 2013, ten years after the start of the program, all 500 tonnes would be converted. As a result, the U.S.’s steady supply of uranium came to a halt in 2013.\nBut for thorium, it might not be as bad as it seems. After all, U-235 isn’t the only fissile material that could be combined with thorium for a nuclear reaction…\nU-233, an isotope of thorium, can react with thorium for a nuclear reaction. And this is the focus of the LFTRs, as it could lead to self-sufficiency of these reactors with the recycled waste.\nIt’s not easy. Thermal breeding, as the process is called, requires the reactor to produce more fissile material than it consumes, and it requires a highly specialized type of reactor.\nRegular nuclear reactors are unable to breed to the point where it is unnecessary to add more of the fissile material. But many LFTRs are being designed as breeding reactors. While regularly adding thorium to these reactors would be necessary, adding U-233 would not. Enough fissile material would be created in the reactions to sustain it on its own.\nInvesting in Thorium\nInvesting in thorium can be tough, as it’s not yet used for nuclear power generation. Companies like Flibe Energy, which is focused on thorium reactors, are still private.\nBut there are several companies working on thorium solutions that you can add to your portfolio…\nUranium Mining Companies\nSeveral uranium miners, like Cameco Corp. (NYSE: CCJ) and Unity Energy Corp. (UTY.V), are mining uranium in areas that also have concentrations of thorium.\nThough neither company has reported on significant mining of thorium, both are well-positioned to profit should the demand for the metal skyrocket.\nAs thorium reactor testing continues in nations like Norway and India, and major investors like Bill Gates (whose company TerraPower has also begun testing thorium reactors) get involved, attention to the metal will only grow…\nResearch on these reactors will lead to implementation, and that will lead to profits for the well-positioned investor.\nThorium is the key nuclear fuel of the future. Keep a close eye on this one.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Gas-phase chromatography studies of nihonium (Nh, Z=113 were carried out at the one-atom-at-a-time level. For the production of nihonium, the heavy-ion-induced nuclear fusion reaction of 48 Ca with 243 Am was used. This leads to isotopes 284, 285 Nh, as the direct descendants of the α -decaying precursors 288, 289 Mc. Combining the Dubna Gas-Filled Recoil Separator with gas-phase chromatographic separation, the experiment was sensitive to elemental nihonium and its adsorption behavior on Teflon, theoretically predicted by modern relativistic density functional theory. The non-observation of any decays of Nh after the chemical separation indicates a larger than expected retention of elemental Nh on a Teflon surface.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "This half hour interview of Paul Blanch on Facing the Future Television explains why a radioactive release at the failed beachfront nuclear waste dump at San Onofre is, in his words, “inevitable.” The current location contains 3.6 million pounds of eternally deadly radioactive “spent” nuclear fuel, stored 108 feet from the beach in a tsunami flood zone, on top of earthquake faults, in temporary canisters that are only guaranteed to last 25 years.**\nAt issue is the fact that the NRC has failed to conduct a site-specific risk analysis of any kind, claiming that the possibility of an radiation release at any nuclear waste dump in the USA is “non-credible.” Although it isn’t mentioned in this brief interview, the NRC stands completely alone in its opinion that a nuclear accident at San Onofre is “non-credible.” The facts are that the American insurance industry has assessed nuclear risks, and not a single corporation in the USA offers insurance to protect you from the damages caused by a nuclear disaster.\n* It is impossible for Americans to purchase insurance against a radiation disaster because the risk is too high. For more information visit the Insurance Information Institute.\n** Southern California Edison, the owner of the canisters, claims the “design life” is sixty years.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) is a nuclear facility currently under construction at the National Laboratories of Legnaro (LNL) of the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), aiming at the production of Radioactive Ion Beams.\nIn the first SPES production phase, low energy and low intensity ion beams are planned to be produced using different targets. A continuous proton beam of 40 MeV of energy and 20 µA of current will impinge on SiC and UCx targets, whose operational temperature is 2000 °C. The life-cycle of the Target and Ion Source (TIS) unit is 15-day long. After this time, the TIS unit will be removed from the Front-End.\nA semi-automatic handling system for this kind of target units is being designed at the SPES laboratories. Such a system picks up the TIS unit and takes it to a temporary storage, where it will be hosted until the final disposal. The system foresees the presence of an operator. Due to the residual activity of the irradiated target, shielding calculations have to be performed based on the frequency and on the duration of the planned operations.\nThe ambient dose equivalent rate has been calculated with Fluka Monte Carlo code, for the two different target compositions, SiC and UCx, during the TIS removal operations. Different shielding conditions have been analyzed. Shielding calculations performed for both the semi-automatic handling system and for the exhausted target unit temporary storage represent mandatory inputs for the design of the SPES project.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "At an isolated location along the Columbia River in 1944, the world's first plutonium factory became operational, producing fuel for the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, during World War II. Former Seattle Times science writer Hill Williams traces the amazing, tragic story - from the dawn of nuclear science to Cold War testing in the Marshall Islands.\nThe book is published by Washington State University Press.\nWe've sent an email with your order details. Order ID #:\nTo access this title, visit your library in the app or on the desktop website.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Apart from coal, thorium is the only abundant energy source in India. Recent developments at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) give hope that this mineral can be India’s answer to green energy.\nBARC is working on several technologies for using thorium, of which two are noteworthy.\nOne is the ‘Indian high-temperature reactor’ (IHTR), which is designed to produce heat and, in turn, produce hydrogen through the ‘sulphur-iodine’ method. In this process, sulphuric acid decomposes into oxygen, sulphur dioxide and water under high temperature. When iodine is added to sulphur dioxide and water, you get hydrogen iodide, which again splits into hydrogen and iodine at high temperatures. The fuel for this reactor is a mixture of uranium-233 dioxide and thorium dioxide. Uranium-233 does not occur naturally and is obtained by the mutation of thorium in reactors.\nThe other important thorium technology at BARC is the ‘ Indian molten salt breeder reactor’ (IMSBR). This 5-MW pilot project in Visakhapatnam is cloaked in secrecy, with BARC declining to share information about it.\nIts design has two interesting features. First, it pulls more uranium-233 from thorium and is, therefore, considered better than the fast-breeder reactors like the one under construction (for decades) in Kalpakkam, near Chennai. The IMSBR is also a ‘breeder reactor’, which means it produces more that it consumes.\nThis happens when you place uranium-233 inside the reactor core and a blanket of thorium around the core. When neutrons bombard the fissile nuclei of uranium-233, energy is produced, but some of the neutrons hit the thorium nuclei and convert it into uranium-233. Thus, even as uranium-233 is burnt inside the reactor, more of it is produced (from thorium) outside the reactor.\nHowever, there is a problem. Thorium does not mutate into uranium-233 straightaway; it first turns into an isotope of an element known as protactinium. The isotope, protactinium-233, turns into uranium-233. Meanwhile, during its brief life, protactinium-233 is also bombarded by neutrons and it partly absorbs the neutrons to become uranium-234, which is not fissile and therefore useless. The longer protactinium tarries in the reactor, the lower the output of uranium-233 from thorium.\nBARC’s design, on the other hand, features a fluid fuel instead of the solid fuels used in conventional reactors. Liquid fuels can be pumped in and out unlike solid fuels, which stay in place until they burn out completely. In the IMSBR, the fuel is a liquid thorium-based salt. It can be pumped out to ensure that the decay of protactinium-233 into uranium-233 happens outside the reactor, leading to a higher output than in conventional reactors. There are a few more advantages, too. These, as BARC scientist IV Dulera notes in a paper, include continuous removal of xenon and krypton, resulting in improved neutron economy, negative fuel salt reactivity coefficient and other technical benefits.\nBARC has developed an appropriate salt for this purpose (LiF-CaF -ThF –UF) which is circulated by pump through the reactor core. (Elsewhere in the world, researchers are coming up with better salts, which are chloride-based rather than fluoride-based (such as NaCl-ThCl4-PlCl3).\nBARC has also developed other things such as pumps, valves, flow meters and heat exchangers. It has also concocted an alloy for the pipes conducting the molten salt.\nThe second interesting feature of the IMSBR is how it produces electricity. It does away with the conventional, inefficient Rankine cycle, where water boils to steam and turns the turbine. Instead, the IMSBR is to be married to the highly efficient Brayton cycle, where supercritical carbon dioxide (namely, carbon dioxide that is in a state between liquid and gas at a certain temperature and pressure) is used to drive the turbines, thereby cutting water use and producing a lot more electricity.\nIn response to an emailed query from Quantum, Dr Soumyakanti Adhikari, Head, Scientific Information Resource Division, BARC, said: “The MSBR and HTR are promising technologies among other available options and constitute a part of our continuing developmental endeavour. Both these systems and the associated fuel cycle aspects are in exploratory evaluation and initial assessment stages.” The aim is to gain a sound understanding of the challenges inherent in these reactors and fuel systems, and the likely solutions to them, he said.\nWhen the IMSBR demonstration plant comes up at Visakhapatnam, it would mark a significant step in India’s green energy journey with the entry of the thorium cycle. It appears as if the electricity generating IMSBR and the hydrogen producing IHTR could be the vehicles taking India closer to its net-zero target. Both use thorium — which is abundant in India and, yet, intriguingly absent in its green transition narrative.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "|The following is based on information from Van Buren design documents and is not canon.|\nOverloading the reactor core will cause the emergency launch protocol to kick in and five minutes later, the station to blow up.\nThe PC can try to access the reactor computer that sits next to the Reactor Core. Once accessed, the player, if his Science skill is high enough (> 100), can program the reactor to overload. Once initiated, the emergency launch protocols initiate and the station will blow up in ten minutes – giving the player time to fight his way out, if he wants.\nCharacter type completion breakdown\n- Combat Boy, Diplomacy Boy, Science Boy, Stealth Boy - Only if the PC's Science skill is > 100\n- B.O.M.B.-001 design document\n- If the emergency launch protocol initiates, the missiles will immediately launch. The advantage to this is that since the launch was rushed, the station is not yet in the optimum launching position, which causes the missiles to only be 50% accurate.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The revival of the Japanese nuclear sector will depend on the efforts of workers at Fukushima Daiichi, French industry and energy minister Eric Besson said during a visit to the site.\n|Besson addresses workers at Fukushima Daiichi\nBesson visited the stricken nuclear power plant during a two-day official visit to Japan. Accompanied on his tour by an AFP journalist, Besson was later reported to have said that nuclear power was too important an energy source to abandon. \"I come from a country that produces most of its electricity from nuclear power,\" he told workers at the site. \"We continue to believe in a civilian nuclear energy program operated in the safest possible way. We are relying on you to revive this sector.\"\nBesson is the first overseas minister to visit the Fukushima Daiichi site since the earthquake and tsunami that devastated Japan's north-eastern coast almost one year ago. On finishing his visit to Japan his itinerary takes him to China, where he is due to visit the construction site of China's first EPR units at Taishan.\nResearched and written\nby World Nuclear News", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "VIENNA, Austria - Iran is threatening to sue countries that it says have damaged its reputation and pushed to have U.N. Security Council involvement in its nuclear program.\nIt is also accusing the United States of pressuring the International Atomic Energy Agency to base its latest probe of Iran's nuclear program on fake evidence suggesting Tehran has tried to make nuclear arms.\nThe comments were made Thursday to the 35-nation board of the IAEA by Ali Ashgar Soltanieh, Iran's chief delegate to the agency.>>>\n|نسرین ستوده: زندانی روز||Dec 04|\n|Saeed Malekpour: Prisoner of the day||Lawyer says death sentence suspended||Dec 03|\n|Majid Tavakoli: Prisoner of the day||Iterview with mother||Dec 02|\n|احسان نراقی: جامعه شناس و نویسنده ۱۳۰۵-۱۳۹۱||Dec 02|\n|Nasrin Sotoudeh: Prisoner of the day||46 days on hunger strike||Dec 01|\n|Nasrin Sotoudeh: Graffiti||In Barcelona||Nov 30|\n|گوهر عشقی: مادر ستار بهشتی||Nov 30|\n|Abdollah Momeni: Prisoner of the day||Activist denied leave and family visits for 1.5 years||Nov 30|\n|محمد کلالی: یکی از حمله کنندگان به سفارت ایران در برلین||Nov 29|\n|Habibollah Golparipour: Prisoner of the day||Kurdish Activist on Death Row||Nov 28|", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "On May 14th, in China's important accelerator research and development base, with the acceleration of the van truck slowly out of the China Institute of Atomic Energy, the nuclear non-destructive testing linear accelerator developed by China National Nuclear Corporation was officially shipped to Turkey. The Group's first export of high-end manufacturing equipment for accelerators indicates that China's electronic linear accelerator technology has reached the international advanced level. This is a significant step for China National Nuclear Corporation to implement the 'One Belt and One Road' initiative and enhance its international influence. It is of great significance to open up the international market for nuclear technology and application industries. Members, Deputy General Manager Cao Shudong attended the departure activities.\nElectronic accelerator is the source technology for nuclear technology application. It is the most advanced radiation device in the world. It is the most complex and the most core equipment for non-destructive inspection systems such as containers and vehicles. At present, only the United States, Germany and a few developed countries have the ability to manufacture nondestructive testing accelerators. The accelerator for this export is the 6MeV dual-energy non-destructive testing electron linear accelerator which has a completely independent intellectual property right at the Institute of Nuclear Energy. This accelerator has an energy regulation function and is the most advanced non-destructive testing accelerator. Users use this accelerator as a high-energy X-ray source. Safety inspection of large container vehicles.\nIn the activity, Cao Shudong pointed out that as an important supporting force for the innovation and development of CNNC, the Atomic Energy Institute should further emancipate the mind, accelerate the pace of reforms, focus on enhancing the ability of scientific and technological innovation, and make important breakthroughs in nuclear-based scientific research and national major project tasks; it is necessary to deepen science and technology Institutional and institutional reforms will accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, stimulate the enthusiasm and creativity of researchers, accelerate the application and promotion of nuclear technology, promote the in-depth development of military and civilian integration, and make new contributions to the promotion of national nuclear technology and the development of the group's industries.\nThis year coincided with the 60th anniversary of the completion of the “one reactor” (China's first heavy water reactor, the first cyclotron) in the Institute of Atomic Energy. For 60 years, the Institute of Atomic Energy Accelerators has successively created a number of domestic scientific and technological achievements, and The professional direction of the electron linear accelerator developed detection and irradiation accelerator series of nuclear technology application products. It has developed the first non-destructive testing electron linear accelerator, the first high-energy low-power electron irradiation accelerator and the first high-energy high-power irradiation accelerator, etc. The overall technical level has always been at the leading position in China and has achieved significant influence in the domestic market. On May 9, 2017, since the release of China's first international standard for general nuclear instrumentation, the Institute of Atomic Energy has used electronic linear accelerators for non-destructive testing. International influence has been greatly improved, and many foreign equipment integrators have purchase intentions.\nIt is understood that in January 2018, the Atomic Energy Research Institute and the Chinese company jointly signed a strategic cooperation agreement on the transfer, transformation and industrialization of Accelerator's scientific and technological achievements. It is planned to cooperate to build an industrialized company in the field of accelerators for China National Nuclear Corporation, and accumulate accelerator technology in the Nuclear Energy Institute. The results can provide CNNIC with an industry scale that further expands, and provides an important source of technology and driving force for further enhancement of industrial capabilities. At present, the two parties have reached preliminary consensus on the cooperation in the detection of three products: linear accelerator, radiation accelerator and PET cyclotron.\nChina Nuclear Power Group's Ministry of Science and Technology and Information Technology Department, Market Development and Capital Operation Department, International Cooperation Department, Military and Civil Integration Office/Nuclear Technology and Applications Industry Department leaders and related persons, and relevant leaders of the Atomic Energy Institute attended the departure activities.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for Cancer Therapy (TOP-IMPLART) is under development and construction by ENEA in collaboration with the Italian Institute of Health (ISS) and the Oncological Hospital Regina Elena-IFO with financial support of Regione Lazio. Its peculiar time structure (few microseconds pulse width) and very high peak intensity (109 proton/pulse) demand for ad hoc dose delivery monitors (DDM). The TOP-IMPLART DDM is based on ionization gas chambers. One segmented chamber prototype uses Micro Pattern Gaseous Detector technology for the 2-dimensional simultaneous x/y readout; the charge collected from each active segment (strips with pad-like shape) is readout by a dedicated gain-adaptable electronics. Two small, highly sensitive, integral ionization chambers, using the same electronics, complement the 2D chamber for the monitor of the single pulse beam charge, down to 1 pC/pulse. While under development and deployment of its accelerating modular cavities, the linear TOP-IMPLART beam is improved thanks also to the continuous monitoring and characterization by these devices, whose responses are periodically compared to calibrated dosimetric detectors such as real-time active microDiamond sensor, passive Alanine pellets, intrinsically stable integral Faraday Cup. Different calibration campaigns have been recently conducted to measure the recombination and dose-rate effects on the above ionization chambers. The outcome of these measurements shows clear electron-ion recombination in the chamber active volume, largely related to the high beam intensity and its small transverse cross section. Those effects can be taken into account and used to correct the actual measurement of the DDM. In this paper, the TOP-IMPLART project and the DDM devices are shortly presented and details of the above experimental studies are discussed.\n|Titolo:||Recombination effects in the ionization chambers dose delivery monitor of the TOP-IMPLART proton beam|\n|Data di pubblicazione:||2020|\n|Appare nelle tipologie:||4.1 Contributo in Atti di convegno|", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "P.O. Box 2528\nIdaho Falls, Idaho\n*9700 Cass Avenue\nresults of U-Mo dispersion fuel have shown a practical uranium loading limit\nbelow that required to successfully convert some of the targeted research\nreactors to low-enriched uranium. In\naddition, irradiation tests have shown that U-Mo dispersion fuel suffers from\ninteraction between the fuel and the aluminum matrix at higher temperatures. A\npotential solution to mitigate these phenomena is to use a fuel alloy foil in\nplace of the fuel-aluminum dispersion. This monolithic fuel provides a lower fuel-matrix\ninterfacial surface area and a much higher uranium density than dispersion type\nfuel. Lacking the compliant matrix of dispersion fuel types, monolithic fuel\nproduction requires the development of new fabrication methods. Research\nefforts at Argonne National Laboratory have resulted in the demonstration of a\nviable monolithic fuel plate production method, which is described in this\nContact: Mr. Curtis R. Clark\nP.O. Box 2528\nID 83403-2528 USA\nPhone: +1 (208) 533-7701\nFax: +1 (208) 533-7340\nE-mail: [email protected]\nThe 2016 International RERTR Meeting (RERTR-2016) will take place in Belgium.\nStay tuned for further details.\nThe 2015 International RERTR Meeting (RERTR-2015) took place in Seoul, Korea on Oct. 11-14, 2015.\nFor more information visit RERTR-2015.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "A blast at the Marcoule nuclear plant in southern France this morning has reportedly killed one person, but initial indications are that no radiation is leaking. Officials worked for five hours this morning to determine the seriousness of the explosion at the facility, which was created in 1955 and works with recycled materials and waste, but does not include a reactor. Midi Libre, a local newspaper, reported that an oven exploded, leaving one dead and injuring four others, but that no evacuation orders were issued for towns nearby. Power company E.D.F., which owns the site, said “it is an industrial accident, not a nuclear one,” and that no workers were contaminated.\nThis post has been updated with additional information.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Response to FESAC survey, non-fusion connections to Fusion Energy Sciences. Applications of the FES-supported beam and plasma simulation code, Warp\nThe Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee’s subcommittee on non-fusion applications (FESAC NFA) is conducting a survey to obtain information from the fusion community about non-fusion work that has resulted from their DOE-funded fusion research. The subcommittee has requested that members of the community describe recent developments connected to the activities of the DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. Two questions in particular were posed by the subcommittee. This document contains the authors’ responses to those questions.\n- Publication Date:\n- OSTI Identifier:\n- Report Number(s):\n- DOE Contract Number:\n- Resource Type:\n- Technical Report\n- Research Org:\n- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)\n- Sponsoring Org:\n- Country of Publication:\n- United States\n- 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; 43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS; 97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING; 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; PLASMA SIMULATION; THERMONUCLEAR REACTORS; BEAMS; ADVISORY COMMITTEES; INFORMATION; W CODES; USES; TECHNOLOGY TRANSER\nEnter terms in the toolbar above to search the full text of this document for pages containing specific keywords.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Limitations for using carbon 14 dating\nThe half-life () is the name given to this value which Libby measured at 556830 years. After 10 half-lives, there is a very small amount of radioactive carbon present in a sample.\nAt about 50 - 60 000 years, then, the limit of the technique is reached (beyond this time, other radiometric techniques must be used for dating).\nHerein lies the true advantage of the radiocarbon method, it is able to be uniformly applied throughout the world.\nIncluded below is an impressive list of some of the types of carbonaceous samples that have been commonly radiocarbon dated in the years since the inception of the method: The historical perspective on the development of radiocarbon dating is well outlined in Taylor's (1987) book \"Radiocarbon Dating: An archaeological perspective\".\nBy measuring the C14 concentration or residual radioactivity of a sample whose age is not known, it is possible to obtain the countrate or number of decay events per gram of Carbon.\nBy comparing this with modern levels of activity (1890 wood corrected for decay to 1950 AD) and using the measured half-life it becomes possible to calculate a date for the death of the sample.\nAs soon as a plant or animal dies, they cease the metabolic function of carbon uptake; there is no replenishment of radioactive carbon, only decay.\nThe radiocarbon method is based on the rate of decay of the radioactive or unstable carbon isotope 14 (14C), which is formed in the upper atmosphere through the effect of cosmic ray neutrons upon nitrogen 14.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Colloquium Friday Mar 2, 2018 at 2 pm: Uncertainty Quantification in the supercomputing era, Dr. Rodrigo Navarro Perez, Ohio University\nRoom P-148, Physics building. Refreshments served at 1:45 pm.\nABSTRACT: Uncertainty quantification has seen a strong renewed interest in recent years within the theoretical nuclear physics community and its importance can hardly be overstated. As chiral effective field theories expand their range of applicability across the nuclear chart, the the study of the effects of statistical and systematic uncertainties in nuclear structure calculations is still a work in progress. This colloquium will review some of the techniques and efforts on quantifying statistical uncertainties in NN interactions and their subsequent propagation into the calculation nuclear structure observables. Recent progress on the propagation of statistical uncertainties into astrophysical phenomena will be discussed as well.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Damage-Function Analysis of Neutron Embrittlement in Steel at Reactor Service Temperatures\nNAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC\nPagination or Media Count:\nNeutron-induced increases in the brittle-ductile transition temperature delta TT of A302-B pressure vessel steel have been measured from irradiations in a number of reactor environments for neutraon fluences representative of pressure vessel design lifetimes. While these measurements have permitted formulation of the trends necessary for delta TT projections in operating reactors, certain anomalous results have been observed wherein measurements fell outside the nominal limits of the trends. As a summation of research on this steel and to resolve the anomalous results, a damage function was derived for the neutron-induced delta TT response of A302-B steel at reactor operating temperatures. The damage function is a series of weighting factors for the damaging capacity of neutrons of all energy groups in a reactor spectrum these factors thus indicate the relative importance of specific energy-group neturons to the damaging process. Techniques for derivation of the damage function and the complementing correlation-evaluation method are directly applicable to more advanced reactor systems.\n- Metallurgy and Metallography\n- Radioactivity, Radioactive Wastes and Fission Products\n- Fission Reactor Materials", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN, fully operational since 2002, combines a high instantaneous neutron flux with high energy resolution. The wide energy range and the high neutron flux per time-of-flight burst result in a much enhanced signal to background ratio for neutron capture of radioactive isotopes and makes this facility well suited for the measurement of high quality neutron-induced reaction cross-sections.\nNeutrons are created by spallation reactions induced by a pulsed 20 GeV/c proton beam impinging on a lead target. A 5 cm water slab surrounding the lead target serves as a coolant and at the same time as a moderator of the spallation neutron spectrum, providing a wide energy spectrum from 0.1 eV to about 250 MeV.\nBy the end of 2005, a first phase of data taking has been successfully terminated. Fission and capture experiments have been performed on a variety of isotopes of interest for nuclear astrophysics, advanced nuclear technologies and for basic nuclear physics.\nThe instrumentation developed for this facility consists of parallel plate avalanche counter and fission ionization chamber detectors for the fission experiments and of low mass C6D6 detectors and a 4 pi BaF2 total absorption calorimeter for capture experiments. A new data acquisition system, based on sampling of the detector signals, has been developed to cope with the high count rates and to minimize the effective dead time to only a few tens of nanosecond.\nA second phase of data taking is planned to start in 2007, after an upgrade of the spallation target. On the longer term, the construction of a flight path at 20 in resulting in an increased neutron flux of about a factor of 100 opens new possibilities. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.\n|Number of pages\n|Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms\n|Published - Aug 2007\n|19th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry - Ft Worth\nDuration: 20 Aug 2006 → 25 Aug 2006", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Radioactive Waste Guidelines\n- General guidelines for radioactive waste management\n- Laboratory permitees must ensure, prior to the procurement of radioactive materials, that a method of disposal for the materials presently exists or can be worked out to the satisfaction of Radiation Safety.\n- Each Radioisotope Laboratory must maintain accurate records of the types, quantities, and forms of radioisotopes which comprise the radioactive waste submitted from his/her laboratory to Radiation Safety (Completion of a Radioactive Waste Log Sheet fulfills this requirement).\n- It is the Responsible Investigator's responsibility to secure proper storage for radioactive wastes generated in their laboratories.\n- Radioactive waste containers shall be stored as close to the work area as feasible to minimize the possibility of spillage during the transfer of waste to the containers.\n- Waste containers shall NOT be stored in hallways, stairwells or other uncontrolled areas.\n- Radioactive waste containers shall be kept closed at all times when not in use.\n- Regardless of content, each radioactive waste container shall be labeled with a \"Caution Radioactive Materials\" sticker.\n- When handling or transferring radioactive waste, the individual shall wear appropriate laboratory attire including lab coat, disposable gloves, protective eye wear and closed toed shoes.\n- Radioactive wastes containing carcinogens, biohazards, or extremely hazardous chemicals must be handled separately and packaged in such a way that they present minimal hazards to people who handle the wastes. Contact Radiation Safety for specific requirements.\n- DO NOT combine different radioisotopes in the same waste container unless you have prior authorization from Radiation Safety to do so.\n- Under NO circumstance shall radioactive waste be released into the sewage disposal system.\n- DO NOT place any radioactive waste in regular trash receptacles.\n- Package the waste properly according to the attached instructions", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "President Bush is welcoming a resolution by the International Atomic Energy Agency demanding that Iran suspend nuclear fuel activities it resumed earlier this week.\nPresident Bush says the resolution, drafted by Britain, France and Germany, is a \"positive first step\" and demonstrates the international community's growing resolve to confront Iran over its nuclear program.\n\"The world is coalescing around the notion that the Iranians should not have the means and the wherewithal to be able to develop a nuclear weapon,\" he said.\nMr. Bush was speaking with reporters at his Texas ranch where he was meeting with Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and other top officials.\nMr. Bush said the United States will work with Britain, France and Germany so that Iran hears what the president termed \"a common voice\" on nuclear matters.\nAsked about the visa request for Iran's newly elected president to address the United Nations, Mr. Bush said the United States continues to investigate allegations that President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad played a role in the taking of 52 hostages from the U.S. embassy in Tehran more than 25 years ago. But Mr. Bush noted that the United States is bound by an agreement to allow foreign dignitaries to enter the United States for official U.N. business, and that he \"suspects\" the Iranian leader will, in fact, come to the United States.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "This is College Physics Answers with Shaun Dychko. We are going to check that each of the reactions in plutonium breeding obey all the conservation laws such as number of nucleons has to be conserved, the charge on each side of the reaction has to be conserved and the electron family number is the same in total on both sides. So uranium-238 has 238 nucleons plus 1 nucleon in this neutron for a total of 239 on the left and on the right hand side, we have 239 in this uranium-239 product of this reaction so that checks out total of 239 nucleons on both sides. There are 92 protons in this uranium and zero charge on the neutron and there are 92 protons in the uranium on the right hand side and zero charge in the gamma ray photon so it's 92 on both sides so that checks out and none of these particles have an electron family number so it's 0 on both sides. And then the next step, we have uranium-239 spontaneously decaying into neptunium-239 and a beta particle and an electron anti-neutrino. So we have 239 nucleons in uranium-239 and 239 nucleons in neptunium-239 as well and then there's zero in the beta particle and then zero nucleons in the electron anti-neutrino so 239 total on both sides so that checks out. For the charge, we have 92 in the uranium and 93 in the neptunium and negative 1 in the electron and so that makes a total of 92 on both sides and the electron family number is 0 on the left and on the right hand side, it's positive 1 for the beta particle and then negative one for the electron anti-neutrino and that totals zero as well. And lastly, we have neptunium turning into plutonium-239 and a beta particle and an electron anti-neutrino. So we have 239 nucleons on both sides, 0 nucleons in the beta particle, 0 nucleons in the electron anti-neutrino and the charge is 93 protons on the neptunium on the left side and the plutonium has a charge of 94 its atomic number is 94... there's 94 protons and that's compensated for by a negative 1 charge in this electron that's produced for a total of 93 on the right as well. There's 0 electron family number on the left and then 0 electron family number on the right in the plutonium positive 1 in the electron and negative 1 in the electron anti-neutrino for a total of 0 on the right.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Japan Kept Secret on Fukushima Radiation Measurements\nThe Japanese government admitted it kept in secret at least 5000 radiation radiation measurements and assessments after the nuclear event which struck the Fukushima Daiichi NPP in March.\nThis was done in order not to induce panic in the population, a representative of the staff dealing with the nuclear emergency told ITAR-TASS.\n\"It was a wrong decision,\" he admitted, pointing out that all upcoming information abouth Fukushima Daiichi will be spread immediately.\nThe system which collects data about radiation leaks from the Japanese nuclear power plants does not work effectively, Japanese media have reported, according to the Russian agency.\nWe need your support so Novinite.com can keep delivering news and information about Bulgaria! Thank you!\n- » Day 585 of the Invasion of Ukraine: 19 Countries, including Bulgaria, in the Ukrainian Alliance of Defense Industries\n- » Turkey: Suicide Bombing in Ankara\n- » Former Prime Minister Fico Wins the Elections in Slovakia\n- » The US Government avoided the Threat of a Shutdown\n- » The European Commission is Skeptical about the Schengen Compensation requested by Romania\n- » Day 584 of the Invasion of Ukraine: Putin greeted the residents of the Occupied Regions", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "With the Development of BlackStarTech Brings Nuclear Reliable Emergency Backup Power Supply Systems and Industrial Portable Lighting Solutions\nConstellation, the United States’ largest nuclear power plant operator, developed BlackStarTech as a response to Fukushima’s incident where a 15-metre tsunami disabled the power supply of the three reactors causing a catastrophic meltdown. In response to this disaster, Constellation implemented BlackStarTech’s emergency power systems and industrial portable lighting solutions across Constellation’s 21 nuclear power units. BlackStarTech emergency power systems help address asset preservation in response to an extended loss of AC power (ELAP) situation caused by Beyond Design Events.\nThe BlackStarTech Emergency Power System Solutions were designed to address three mission critical strategies:\n- Provide power to key critical main control room indications, controls, and critical system sub-components\n- Support reactor vessel core cooling\n- Augment reactor vessel pressure control\nProven Technical Benefits\nBlackStarTech augments FLEX strategy and enhances nuclear safety by providing rapidly deployable targeted emergency power systems to respond to a series of Nuclear Design and Beyond Design Basis Events. The solution revolutionizes the approach to extended loss of power events by protecting the nuclear plant asset by providing rapidly deployable battery backup power supply coping system for rapid recovery of main control room critical instrumentation and controls, emergency core cooling and pressure control to prevent a Fukushima type event. For some scenarios, BlackStarTech provides solutions faster than FLEX and the benefits are realized in Station PRA improvements. These enhanced operator flexibilities with extended loss of power scenarios provides assurance and potentially significant savings that could bolster the utility’s reputation and nuclear industry viability.\nDue to the timeframe of BlackStarTech’s Emergency Power Systems deployment, it provides quantifiable improvements with station Risk Profiles. In addition to the “absolute” CDF/LERF reductions there are improvements in Significance Determination Process (SDP) vulnerability. This can reduce the significance of NRC findings. With BlackStarTech’s battery backup power supply system being easily deployable within 30 minutes, Quad Cities realized a nearly 15% reduction in CDF and LERF for both Full Power Internal Events and Fire PRAs.\nBlackStarTech’s battery power technology has led to development of several product solutions and tooling innovations that enhance industrial and radiological safety and optimize productivity across a nuclear station. Some of which include:\n- Replacement Emergency Lighting Battery Packs (Appendix R and Industrial Safety Lighting)\n- MOV Battery Packs for testing and sequence optimization\n- AOV Battery Packs for testing and sequence optimization\n- Portable Power Supplies (containment sump, reactor level instrumentation, source range detectors)\n- Contingent Power Supplies (Confined spaces, freeze seal machines, diving dedicated power, Security, portable battery banks)\n- RP Containment Outage Dosimetry Battery Pack\n- Outage Temporary Lighting\n- Security BRE/ Security nano-grid tooling\n- ERO remote air sampling and communication power capability\n- Security Bus augmentation/replacement\n- Flex/B.5.b equipment optimization/replacement including battery optimizations\nEmergency Backup Power Supply Systems\nBlackStarTech has helped redefine future Flex Strategies while significantly improving PRA benefit for Station through the development and implementation of various emergency power systems. Enhancements can result in a reduction in the continuing costs for FLEX equipment replacement due to shelf life limitations as well as minimize ongoing preventive maintenance resource requirements. Similar enhancements can be realized with B.5b equipment and strategies that could save over $100,000 per Station with eliminating equipment requirements, preventive maintenance activities and training requirements.\nIndustrial Portable Lighting Solutions\nThrough the development of Lightworks portable emergency lighting devices and the advanced battery systems, provide reliable lighting solutions for various applications. From providing lighting for maintenance technicians on critical equipment during refueling outages and bus outages, to illuminating egress pathways.\nThe portable battery power lighting carts utilize 110AC as primary power feed which uses less than 4 amps to provide over 30,000 lumens per unit. If the primary power feed is lost, the outage light car function for 10 to 14 hours without recharging, which eliminates safety issues or work stoppage issues often experienced during outages with a circuit breaker trip. The carts provide general area lighting with telescoping poles and have portable battery packs with lights for illuminating the specific component work areas in which technicians are working for improved visibility and safety. This reduces the pre-outage requirement to have electricians run temporary lighting and placing temporary lighting motor control centers in the plant. This one small application can save approximately 5% to 10% of temporary lighting budget per outage which can average around $400,000 per outage.\nOutage and Security Applications\nBlackStarTech technology and innovation provides direct productivity and cost savings opportunities with applications for Outages, Security, and ERO/FLEX/B.5.b. Some immediate examples are listed below with further customization available.\n- Outage industrial portable lighting devices ranging from hand-held devices that mounted to LED light towers that can operate as a “Nuclear Light Island” Battery Light and TPU\n- Freeze Machine battery backup power\n- Radiation Protection electronic dosimetry battery power packs eliminating remote dosimetry changout\n- Backup Power supplies for Critical Radiation Protection monitoring equipment, Small Article Monitors, and Individual Contaminated Monitoring\n- Outage Containment Sump portable power cart backup power supplier\n- Nuclear Instrumentation alternate battery power packs\n- MOV portable battery powered power pack\n- AOV portable battery powered air test units\n- Component logic, relay, and breaker testing power carts\n- Portable 480V bus power supplies (Uninteruptable Power Supplies)\n- 125V/250V Battery Backup Power Supplies\nBlackStarTech provides reliable security through emergency power systems and portable lighting with enhanced security options available.\n- Battery BRE Backup Power Supply eliminating portable generators\n- Security System Backup Power Carts for Security Gates, Critical Doors, and Instrumentation\n- Security Portable Battery Lighting Systems with integrated propane generators\n- Security Electric Bus Augmentation\n- Force on Force Backup Power Solutions\n- ERO nano-grid tooling and communication power capability\n- RP Air Sampling Battery Packs eliminating generator requirements\n- ERO Backup Communication\n- ERO Backup Power for Ventilation\n- 5.b battery backup power supplies\n- FLEX Augmentation\n- FLEX Strategy Optimization\nThe Future of BlackStarTech\nWhile BlackStarTech was developed to protect and reduce risks for Nuclear Power Plants, the emergency power systems and portable lighting solutions can be used to support other critical industries. BlackStarTech is here to serve and address the needs for reliable backup power supplies and portable lighting. Contact a BlackStarTech representative to see how we can better meet your facility’s needs.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "By Myrna M. Velasco\nUnderpinned by a technical assistance from the Russian Federation State Atomic Energy Cooperation (ROSATOM), the Department of Energy (DOE) announced it is now well on its way into crafting plans for the country’s nuclear power ambitions.\nThe department, in a press statement, has noted that the Philippines is now affirmatively taking “the option of adopting nuclear energy.”\nAccording to Energy Undersecretary Donato D. Marcos, “the inclusion of nuclear energy as a potential long-term option for power generation will further diversify the nation’s generation mix.” This will supplement the current technology leanings of the country’s power sector, which are anchored chiefly on coal, natural gas, oil and renewable energy resources including the conventional geothermal and hydropower technologies.\nROSATOM also submitted its pre-feasibility study and assessment of the country’s Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP), but the DOE is not yet making public the outcome of that exercise.\nOn forward nuclear development, the department indicated that part of the preparatory steps to nuclear energy planning has been the technical workshops that the DOE and other relevant agencies have been undertaking, with the help of the Russian nuclear energy firm.\nThe DOE noted that the workshop last week touched on “integrated solutions” on new and emerging nuclear technologies, capacity-building as well as “inputs in the formulation of policies addressing safety, technology development and other uses of nuclear energy.”\nDiscussions similarly centered on knowledge-sharing in building, operation and maintaining a nuclear power plant as well as the introduction of modular nuclear technologies which could also be ably provided by Russia.\nThere had also been exchange of views in the importance of institutionalizing centers of nuclear science and technologies; and the advancing foray of nuclear science into the medical field.\nThe Philippines should have been way ahead on its nuclear power ambitions, but when the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant was mothballed in the 1980s, that energy plan turned into shambles.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Iranian authorities said Monday that within weeks they could exceed an internationally agreed cap on their stockpile of low-enriched uranium, the Wall Street Journal informs.\nTehran threatened earlier this month to step up its nuclear program, saying it would initially stop respecting limits set on its stockpiles of enriched uranium and heavy water, both of which can be used in the production of nuclear weapons.\nIran also warned that without economic help from Europe to buffer the effect of renewed U.S. sanctions, it would take further steps.\nThe Trump administration deepened already sharp sanctions against Iran and increased the U.S. military presence in the Persian Gulf. While President Donald Trump has said in recent days that Washington wasn’t seeking war with Iran, on Twitter over the weekend he warned if there is a conflict, “that will be the official end of Iran.”\nTop Iranian authorities have said they believe Trump won’t risk war and Iran’s Foreign Minister Javad Zarif said Monday on Twitter that “economic terrorism and genocidal taunts won’t ‘end Iran’.” The U.S. has said its military buildup in the Persian Gulf is intended to dissuade Tehran from attacking U.S. interests and scaling up its nuclear program.\nOn Monday, Iranian media cited officials at the Natanz nuclear facility saying they had made technical changes to the site to allow a quadrupling of Iran’s production of low-enriched uranium, the Journal adds.\nUnder the 2015 nuclear accord, Iran is permitted to stockpile up to 300 kilograms of uranium enriched up to a 3.67% purity. It was last reported by the U.N. atomic agency in February to have around four-fifths of that amount.\n“Soon we will reach 300 kilos and we will surpass that,” the spokesman of Iran’s atomic agency, Behrouz Kamalvandi, was quoted saying. “It will not be (even) a few weeks.”\nEuropean officials had hoped that Iran would move slowly to gear up its production of nuclear material. Western officials and experts say Tehran would still require around a year to produce enough highly enriched uranium to fuel an atomic weapon. Weapons-grade uranium has a purity of around 90 percent.\nWhile Washington pulled out of the nuclear agreement a year ago, European governments are still supporting it. They have warned Tehran to fulfill the agreement in full but European officials say they won’t take any action unless Iran is actually breaching the deal. Iran argues it would be allowed under the agreement to exceed certain terms in retaliation to U.S. sanctions, the Journal noted.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Prototype-Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (Proto-MPEX) linear plasma device is a test bed for exploring and developing plasma source concepts to be employed in the future steady-state linear device Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX) that will study plasma-material interactions for the nuclear fusion program. The concept foresees using a helicon plasma source supplemented with electron and ion heating systems to reach necessary plasma conditions. In this paper, we discuss ion temperature measurements obtained from Doppler broadening of spectral lines from argon ion test particles. Plasmas produced with helicon heating alone have average ion temperatures downstream of the Helicon antenna in the range of 3 ± 1 eV; ion temperature increases to 10 ± 3 eV are observed with the addition of ion cyclotron heating (ICH). The temperatures are higher at the edge than the center of the plasma either with or without ICH. This type of profile is observed with electrons as well. A one-dimensional RF antenna model is used to show where heating of the plasma is expected.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "US 5481577 A\nA reactor coolant debris filter for insertion within a nuclear fuel assembly support.\n1. A reactor coolant debris filter for insertion within a nuclear fuel assembly support for capturing debris carried by reactor coolant flow before the debris enters the fuel assembly and causes fuel rod cladding damage, said fuel assembly support having a seat for supporting the fuel assembly and a flow duct for the passage of reactor coolant through the fuel assembly support to the fuel assembly, the debris filter comprising:\nan interface adapter having on an upper surface a fuel assembly seat for positioning the fuel assembly on the filter, and a lower seating surface on a lower surface for positioning the filter in the flow duct of the fuel assembly support, the interface adapter being adapted to form an aperture for reactor coolant to exit the filter and enter the fuel assembly;\na filter grid for capturing debris carried by reactor coolant flow; and\na hollow shell having a first end attached to the interface adapter and a second end for supporting the filter grid.\n2. The debris filter of claim 1 further including filter grid ribs.\n3. The debris filter of claim 2 wherein the hollow shell is a wall having a semi-circular cross-sectional shape.\n4. The debris filter of claim 3 wherein the filter grid is configured to extend substantially across the flow duct of the nuclear fuel assembly support.\n5. The debris filter as in claim 4 wherein the second end of the semi-circular hollow shell is at an oblique angle.\n6. The debris filter as in claim 5 wherein the second end of the semi-circular hollow shell has a continuation which extends around the outer perimeter of the filter grid.\n7. The debris filter as in claim 6 wherein the filter grid is fabricated of materials selected from the group of sheet metal, wire mesh, and coarse screen.\n8. The debris filter as in claim 6 further including a spring connected to the semi-circular hollow shell for retaining the debris filter within the flow duct of the fuel assembly support when the fuel assembly is lifted from the fuel assembly support.\n9. The debris filter as in claim 6 further including a spring connected to the interface adapter for retaining the debris filter within the flow duct of the fuel assembly support when the fuel assembly is lifted from the fuel assembly support.\n10. The debris filter as in claim 6 wherein the height of the interface adapter is less than approximately 3/4 inch.\n1. Field of the Invention\nThe present invention is directed to debris filters for nuclear reactor fuel and more particularly to debris filters for Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) nuclear fuel assemblies.\nAs a result of experience with long term operation and multiple reloads of nuclear fuel elements, it has been found that certain operating conditions arise which tend to reduce energy output per unit of fuel obtainable and thereby affect operating costs and efficiencies in an undesirable manner.\nOne of the problems in connection with the operation of nuclear reactors is the accumulation of debris of various sizes, which may occur during original construction, subsequent operation or during repair. Examples of such debris include small fasteners, metal clips, welding slag, and small pieces of wire. During the operation of nuclear reactors, the debris which may be present in the nuclear reactor can be carried by the cooling water and can impact upon fuel assembly components. The repeated interaction of such debris and fuel assembly components can result in fretting damage to the components. Certain sizes of this type of debris are particularly troublesome, since that debris is likely to be carried by cooling water to the area near the bottom (lower ends) of the fuel rods. Some of the debris can be caught between the fuel rods and other fuel assembly components. The debris vibrates in the moving coolant and impacts principally upon the lower end of the fuel rods, ultimately abrading and causing fretting wear of the fuel rod cladding at that point. This type of wear is recognized as a significant cause of fuel failures which may release fuel and fission products into the coolant leading to the premature withdrawal from service of the fuel assembly or costly fuel rod replacement.\nAttempts have been made in the past to mitigate the affect of such debris on the fuel rods by incorporating integral filter mechanisms during the manufacture of new fuel assemblies containing unirradiated nuclear fuel. However, the problem of protecting irradiated nuclear fuel rods in a nuclear fuel assembly has been more problematic and costly. While the incorporation of debris resistant features in new fuel assemblies during their manufacture is known, it would be an advantage over the prior art to provide debris resistance for irradiated fuel assemblies not so equipped or requiring further debris resistant features. The physical configuration of typical BWR assemblies, however, precludes retrofitting of debris resistant devices to the irradiated fuel assembly without incurring unacceptably high costs. This is due particularly (a) to the configuration of the lower tie plate where debris resistant features must be incorporated to the fuel assembly, and (b) to the need to modify the fuel assembly remotely, typically under several feet of water.\nIt is an object of the present invention to provide a debris filter for new as well as irradiated nuclear fuel assemblies which does not require the alteration or modification of the fuel assembly or its design but which is positioned external to and below the bottom of the fuel assembly and within the fuel support on which the fuel assembly normally sits.\nIt is another object of the invention to provide a debris filter that is removable, reusable and interchangeable.\nThese and other objects of the invention are achieved by providing a reactor coolant debris filter for insertion within a nuclear fuel assembly support for capturing debris carried by reactor coolant flow before the debris enters the fuel assembly and causes fuel rod cladding damage, the fuel assembly support having a seat for supporting the fuel assembly and a flow duct for the passage of reactor coolant through the fuel assembly support to the fuel assembly, the debris filter comprising an interface adapter having on an upper surface a fuel assembly seat for positioning the fuel assembly on the filter, and a lower seating surface on a lower surface for positioning the filter in the flow duct of the fuel assembly support, the interface adapter being adapted to form an aperture for reactor coolant to exit the filter and enter the fuel assembly, a filter grid for capturing debris carried by reactor coolant flow, and a hollow shell having a first end attached to the interface adapter and a second end for supporting the filter grid.\nFIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a typical boiling water nuclear fuel assembly positioned on the fuel assembly support located laterally in accordance with the prior art;\nFIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the lower portion of the fuel assembly, fuel assembly support, and core support plate of FIG. 1;\nFIG. 3 illustrates a longitudinal view (partly broken away) of a debris filter in accordance with the present invention for insertion in the fuel assembly support of FIGS. 1 and 2;\nFIG. 4 is a top view of the debris filter shown in FIG. 3;\nFIG. 5 is a sectional view of the debris filter shown in FIG. 3 taken along line 5--5;\nFIG. 6 is a sectional view of the debris filter shown in FIG. 5 taken along line 6--6;\nFIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the lower portion of a nuclear fuel assembly with the debris filter positioned in the fuel assembly support directly below the fuel assembly in accordance with the present invention; and\nFIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 7 taken along line 8--8.\nReferring to FIG. 1, a boiling water reactor fuel assembly having a 9×9 fuel rod array is generally shown at 10 having elongated fuel rods 12 containing nuclear fuel pellets. The fuel rods are supported between a lower tie plate 14 and upper tie plate 16 and pass through spacer grids 18 which provide intermediate support of rods 12 over the length of fuel assembly 10. An inner water channel 19 is at the center of the array of fuel rods 12 and replaces the innermost three by three array of fuel rods. Outer channel 11 is shown around the fuel rods 12 and spacers 18. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be used with any type of BWR fuel assembly or any fuel rod array not just the one shown in FIG. 1 for illustration purposes. Inlet nozzle 15 contains a coolant inlet aperture 17 which is surrounded by a multi-pronged fuel assembly insertion guide 13. Each fuel assembly rests upon a fuel assembly support 30 which is located laterally by lower core plate 20 and supported vertically by control rod guide tube 21.\nReferring to FIG. 2, which is an enlarged view of the lower portion of FIG. 1, fuel assembly support 30 is comprised of outer wall 31 and inner wall 32 which are adapted to form flow duct 35, coolant entrance orifice 33, and fuel assembly support aperture 34. Reactor coolant flow enters coolant entrance orifice 33, passes through flow duct 35 and exits fuel assembly support 30 by entering aperture 17 of fuel assembly 10 as shown by the flow arrows F in FIG. 2. Fuel assembly 10 is seated against seat 36 which precludes flow from bypassing coolant entrance aperture 17 of fuel assembly 10.\nThe following described embodiments present the debris filter and its position within the fuel assembly support.\nReferring to FIG. 3, the debris filter 50 for insertion into the fuel assembly support 30 and below the fuel assembly 10 is shown. Debris filter 50 comprises an interface adapter 51 to which is attached a hollow shell 52. Hollow shell 52 is in the form of a semi-circular wall except at its lower end, where a continuation 53 serves to surround the outer perimeter of filter grid 54. The lower end of semi-circular hollow shell 52 is formed at an oblique angle. Filter grid 54 is affixed to the oblique angled lower end of semi-circular shell 52 and to continuation 53 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5. Secured to shell 52 are leaf springs 55.\nReferring to FIG. 5 which is a sectional view taken along line 5--5 in FIG. 3, the inner wall of semi-circular hollow shell 52 together with springs 55 are shown. Filter grid 54 is structurally reinforced by filter grid ribs 56 which also serve to establish spacing of individual pieces comprising grid 54. Grid 54 and ribs 56 are affixed to shell 52 and continuation 53. Interface adapter ring 51 is configured to provide a debris filter aperture 57 and a fuel assembly seat 58 which replicate the form and function of fuel support aperture 34 and seat 36, respectively. A lower seating surface 59 replicates the form of that portion of the lower tie plate which contacts seat 36.\nReferring to FIG. 7, debris filter 50 is shown positioned within flow duct 35 of fuel assembly support 30 and below fuel assembly 10. Lower seating surface 59 seats against seat 36 of fuel assembly support 30. Inlet nozzle 15 of fuel assembly 10 is positioned within fuel assembly support aperture 57 and seats against fuel assembly seat 58 of interface adapter ring 51. Thus, coolant flow enters orifice 33, passes into flow duct 35 and through filter media grid 54 where it is filtered of debris, and then flows into inlet aperture 17 of fuel assembly 10.\nElevation of the active fuel position of the fuel assembly 10 in the core results from the installation of debris filter 50 in the fuel assembly support 30. The amount of elevation is determined by the height of interface adapter 51. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3-8, the elevation of the fuel assembly is increased by less than approximately 3/4\" and can be modified, if desired, according to the design of the core and the position of the control rod(s) when fully extended in the fuel assembly. The active portion of the control rods should extend to substantially the top of the active fuel zone when fully inserted, taking into account the normal tolerances of system components and thermal and radiation induced growth of the fuel.\nDuring reactor operation, debris filter 50 is kept in position within flow chamber 35 by the weight of fuel assembly 10. Leaf springs 55 are provided to engage the recess 37 (FIG. 7) located at the upper underside of inside wall 32 within flow duct 35 and which function to retain debris filter 50 within flow duct 35 when the fuel assembly is lifted during refueling or other fuel handling operations. Debris filter 50 can either be removed or left in place, as desired, if new fuel assemblies incorporating integral debris filters are installed.\nAlthough filter media 54 shown in FIGS. 3-8 is of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,030,412 which is hereby incorporated by reference, filter media 54 can be fabricated of perforated sheet metal, wire mesh, coarse screen and various other designs can be utilized.\nWhile the foregoing description and drawings represent the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "NuVision Engineering’s H1000 telerobtic manipulator and control system was developed specifically for the nuclear industry as a heavy¬duty hydraulic manipulator and is ideally suited to the typically arduous decommissioning and size-reduction tasks encountered within the nuclear industry. It is regularly used to assist in such decommissioning tasks as volume reduction, waste retrieval operations and general nuclear processing.\nThe H1000 is modular in design, and has proven through a variety of numerous different applications to be a flexible work platform.\nPrevious applications include:\n- Decommissioning an active handling cell, requiring 25 kg capacity\n- Waste retrieval system requiring vertical mast mounted system with 200 kg capacity.\n- Remove in-cell wash system for refurbishment; 100 kg capacity\n- Waste handling and size reduction in a PIE cell\n- Decontamination of a reactor facility\n- Nuclear process plant maintenance using through-tube mount\n- Activated waste vault emptying, removing 80 m³ of waste\n- Decommissioning of nuclear plant\nThe manipulators are designed and built in the U.S. at NuVision Engineering’s facility in Pittsburgh, PA. Currently, there are over 20 in operation around the world with more than 100,000 hours of operational experience, proving that the H1000 is a heavy duty, high-payload, very reliable manipulator for use in radioactive and harsh environments.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "AECOM is currently providing our nuclear power customers a wide range of operating plant technical services. From plant modifications to beyond-design-basis external events, our services span facilities across the nuclear fuel cycle.\nWe also support engineering for nuclear new build, development of new nuclear technologies and the emerging small modular reactor market.\nThrough our global focus, we offer clients a wide range of technical and engineering services, including owner’s engineer for nuclear new build, license renewal, alternate source terms assessments, control-room habitability projects and independent spent fuel storage options for all of the currently available dry cask storage technologies.\nFor more than 60 years, we have been the engineer or constructor of record for 49 nuclear power plants totaling 39,000 megawatts of nuclear power. Our work has included the first nuclear units in Spain, Italy, Brazil, Mexico and Taiwan, as well as the last new U.S. nuclear plant to be placed online, Watts Bar Unit 1.\nOur staff has helped to maintain the reliability of the nuclear operating fleet by accomplishing thousands of technical services tasks and life-extension modifications at more than 100 operating units. We have established a comprehensive and responsive maintenance capability and have managed dozens of refueling, modification and maintenance outages.\nOperating through our SGT joint venture, we are one of only two major U.S. companies providing construction-support services for large component replacements, such as steam generators and reactor vessel heads, for the commercial nuclear market. SGT has been repeatedly recognized for superior performance on these intricate modifications under the most aggressive outage schedules.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "First Particle Collisions at Record-Shattering Energies in the LHC-Accelerator in Geneva\nALICE continues its research program\nWith new record-shattering energy for proton collisions, the LHC particle accelerator at the European laboratory for particle physics resumed its research program today in Geneva, Switzerland. At 13:31 local time, the heavy ion experiment ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) recorded the first collisions. The GSI Helmholz Centre für Schwerionenforschung is a significant contributor to the construction as well as the scientific program of ALICE.\nThe energy per particle impact achieved today was 7 tera-electron volts – over 3500 times more than the impact partner’s rest mass. Upon conclusion of the current experiment cycle, the energy will be increased to the targeted maximum energy.\nALICE is one of the four large international experiments at the LHC. It is the only LHC experiment that researches collisions of heavy nuclei at extremely high energy. The experiment cycle that was started today mainly explores proton collisions and will continue for around 18 months. Protons are the nuclei of hydrogen and thus the lightest projectiles used in the LHC. The collision of lead nuclei is also schedule with an experiment cycle of four weeks each in the fall of 2010 and 2011. Lead nuclei are around 200 times heavier than protons.\n„ALICE is specifically designed for the collision of heavy nuclei. By colliding lead nuclei, we try to recreate the extremely hot and dense plasma state of quarks and gluons – the building blocks of matter – which existed for only fractions of seconds after the Big Bang”, explains professor Peter Braun-Munzinger, director of the ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI at the GSI Helmholtz Centre. “These experiments will allow us to gain a new and unique insight into yet unexplored fields of particle physics.”\nALICE is composed of a multitude of components. The detector is 25 meters long, 16 meters wide and 16 meters high. The large magnet that is used to create the magnetic field to analyze the paths of the particles weighs 80,000 tons alone. Right from the start, GSI has played a significant role in the construction as well as the scientific program of ALICE, collaborating with the universities of Darmstadt, Frankfurt, Heidelberg and Münster and the universities of applied science in Köln and Worms. Today, more than 1,000 scientists from 30 countries contribute to ALICE. Among them are around 100 scientists from Germany, 30 of which are doctoral candidates. German researchers are involved in three central ALICE projects: the giant time projection chamber, which encloses the collision zone over a length of 5 meters with up to 2.5 meters radial distance; the adjacent transition radiation detector; and the High Level Trigger, a high-performance computer, which evaluates the information content of the events in the space of a few milliseconds.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The answer by annav is correct that the neutron decay products will travel in straight paths in a vacuum chamber; the electron and proton will interact with the walls of the chamber, slow down, and become ordinary matter. (Most actual neutron traps involve strong magnetic fields, which make the charged particles travel on non-straight paths, but that seems like a minor detail.)\nHowever: because the neutron decay involves three objects, the distribution of energy and momentum among the electron, proton, and neutrino is random. The total energy released in the decay is roughly 750,000 eV, which is typically shared more-or-less equally between the electron and the neutrino. However, if the neutrino carries away so much of the energy that the electron and proton together have less that 13 eV, the binding energy of the hydrogen atom, then it is possible for the electron to be immediately captured. This is called \"bound beta decay\", $\\rm n \\to H+\\bar\\nu_e$. As of 2014 this process has not been observed.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "During the holiday season, many people place toy trains on circular tracks beneath their Christmas trees.\nThis month, at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, physicists and engineers built tracks inside one of its fusion reactors and ran a toy train on them for three days.\nIt was not an exercise in silliness, but in calibration.\nThe modified model of a diesel train engine was carrying a small chunk of californium-252, a radioactive element that spews neutrons as it falls apart.\n“We needed to refine the calibration technique to make sure we are measuring our neutrons as accurately as possible,” said Masa Ono, the project head of the National Spherical Torus Experiment.\nThe spherical torus experiment is a small reactor designed to test new approaches to fusion, in which hydrogen atoms are fused together at ultrahigh temperatures to produce energy as the Sun does. Fusion generates copious numbers of neutrons, which tell how well the reaction is proceeding.\nThe reactor has been shut down for improvements, and the downtime provided an opportunity for recalibrating the neutron sensors.\nA stationary neutron source was previously used for the calibration, but that did not fully capture how the neutrons bounced around. Putting the californium on the moving train improved the accuracy by about a factor of 10, Dr. Ono said. (The same technique had been used two decades earlier at one of Princeton laboratory’s older reactors.)\nExperiments at the reactor are set to restart in March.\nCalifornium is only slightly radioactive, so the toy train did not glow green after its ride in the fusion reactor. And now that it has completed its physics duties, the train, back in its original state, is running around the laboratory’s Christmas tree in the lobby.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "School of Pharmacy UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON NMR Spectroscopy Facility Facility Policies Complete policies for facility access, usage and more. This document is extracted from and contained within the NMR Facility User Guide. NMR Training Information about the training process to gain access to NMR Facility resources. User Notes and Other Resources Access the NMR Facility User Guide and other useful documentation for the local NMR community, including Varian NMR manuals and links to other resources. Spectrometer Sign-up Rules Instrument reservation policies are enumerated on the Instrument Reservation System pages. Authorization is required to access these pages. Facility Fees Fee schedule for instrument usage and services for internal (e.g., University of Wisconsin) and external (e.g., private sector) clients. Incident Report Form Use this on-line form to report NMR Facility problems, etc. Laboratory Mishaps Descriptions of accidents, near misses, and otherwise interesting or useful anecdotes.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "CAEN SyS is the new Systems & Spectroscopy Division of CAEN SpA.\nOur mission is to provide our customers with radiation detection instrumentation that will add operational benefit and enhanced safety via nuclear measurements.\nSuch division relies upon an extremely strong foundational knowledge of nuclear measurement instrumentation in developing Radiation Measurements Systems and Spectroscopy Solutions.\nThese systems and solutions are perfectly suited to operations involving Nuclear Power Plants, CBRNe scenarios and Homeland security Applications.\nCAEN SyS is built upon CAEN traditions of teamwork and partnership. Decades of collaboration and co-development with very large international research projects have maximized our capability to translate a customer’s needs and expectations into cost-effective and reliable solutions.\nCAEN SyS is an official provider of national and international nuclear security companies such as IAEA, JRC, SOGIN, Italian navy, Italian Army ...ecc.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "A Brochure for Physicians Acute Radiation Syndrome\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005). A Brochure for Physicians: Acute Radiation Syndrome.\nThis brochure discusses acute radiation syndrome, which is caused by irradiation of most of the entire body by a high dose of penetrating radiation, typically in a matter of minutes.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The difficulty being, your references are estimates based on what dose threshold?\nWell, you have to go three citations deep to reach the original model they're working off of. Which turns out to be a conservative application of Linear No Threshold. Which... isn't actually testable for any reasonable value of statistical significance over the populations they're attempting to apply it to.\nThe BEIR VII risk models are a combination of excess relative risk (ERR) and excess absolute risk (EAR) models, both of which are written as a linear function of dose, depending on sex, age at exposure and attained age. The BEIR VII risk models were derived from analyses of data on the Japanese atomic bomb survivors for all cancer sites except breast and thyroid; for the latter, they were based on published combined analyses of data on the atomic bomb survivors and medically exposed cohorts.40, 41 To estimate risks from exposure at low doses and dose rates, a dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) of 1.5 was used for all outcomes except leukemia.\nThe biological effects of acute radiation exposure >1 Gy are reasonably well-known, are the basis for the linear-no-threshold model, and completely inapplicable to this sitation, as even the most-exposed workers at the Fukushima accident site did even approach this dose, despite the multiple situations where workers were exposed to doses in excess of legal limits.\nThe biological effects of short term dose less than 0.05 Gy or low-dose long-term exposure are also reasonably well-known, in that there is no statistically significant effect.\nUnless you're dealing with the aftermath of a global thermonuclear war, the linear-no-threshold model is nearly useless from an epidemiological perspective, and so are conclusions reached using it.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "NNSA and Moldova install radiation detection system at Chisinau Airport\nThis partnership advances efforts to prevent nuclear terrorism.\nThe system of 18 radiation portal monitors and associated communications systems will enhance efforts to prevent smuggling of dangerous radioactive materials across international borders.\nSince 2011, NNSA, Moldovan Customs, and Moldovan Border Police have jointly deployed radiation detection systems at 22 points of entry along Moldova’s borders and at its main international airport. NNSA has also provided seven mobile radiation detection systems.\nNNSA has trained over 200 front-line officers to operate its detection equipment and respond to radiation alarms.\nIn addition, NNSA has implemented a system that transmits data alerts from designated points of entry to the Moldovan Ministry of Finance’s national and regional headquarters, providing oversight of the system.\nThis multilayered nuclear detection architecture enables Moldova, a committed partner in a strategically important region, to participate effectively in the fight against nuclear smuggling. ■", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Supreme Court of India directed that the Kudankulam nuclear plant situated in Tamil Nadu could start its operations now. A bench of Justice K.S. Radhakrishnan and DipakMisra issued the directions to the government on safety as well as security of the plant, along with its operations.\nThe Supreme Court directed Nuclear Power Corporation of India and the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board to ensure that all steps were taken for the safety of the nuclear plant.\nThe Apex Court explained that the Kudankulam nuclear plant was absolutely safe and secure and that it was necessary to start its operations for economic growth as well as welfare of India.\nIn 2012, the fishermen as well as villagers protested against the fuelling of this plant. Opponents of this plant, People’s Movement Against Nuclear Energy (PMANE) complained that it was situated in the area which was affected badly by 2004 Asian tsunami and that there was a fear of disaster like that of Fukushima nuclear plant of Japan in 2011.\nThe Kudankulam nuclear plant is among those plants which is a part of India’s aim of generating 63000 MW of nuclear power by 2032.\nControversy over Kudankulam nuclear plant\nKudankulam nuclear plant is the under-construction nuclear power plant in Kudankulam in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. The construction of this plant began in March 2002. The delay in the construction of the plant is attributed to anti-nuclear protests by the locals as well as People’s Movement Against Nuclear Energy (PMANE).\nThe pre-service inspection of the first unit of Kudankulam nuclear plant began by the engineers in 2012. The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board completed the inspection of reactor pressure vessel of Unit-1 and it was found that there were no defects at all.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "A new technology being developed by U.S. energy company Holtec International, which promises to transform coal-fired power plants into plants powered by small modular reactors (SMRs), is being eyed by Poland as a potential solution to securing the country’s energy supply.\nHoltec recently applied for a patent for the innovative technology, which is capable of transforming any coal-fired power plant into a nuclear power plant.\nAccording to World Nuclear News, the company has developed a multi-stage compressor system that can replace the boiler of a coal-fired power plant with a small modular nuclear reactor. This solution will increase the steam pressure and superheat it, which is essential for powering the turbogenerators in coal-fired power plants.\nHoltec International highlights the potential to convert thousands of decommissioned coal-fired power plants worldwide into efficient sources of clean energy, supported by research from the U.S. Energy Department. The research suggests hundreds of plants in the United States can be converted to nuclear power.\nNuclear energy remains a hot topic in Poland, with the latest news detailing the locations where Orlen and Synthos plan to build small modular nuclear reactors\nThe BWRX-300 reactors, based on U.S. technology, will be located near Warsaw, Kraków, Włocaławek and several other places in Poland. Orlen CEO Daniel Obajtek announced that further preliminary locations would be announced later this year.\nMoreover, a letter of intent has already been signed with American partners regarding the financing of the investment. U.S. Ambassador Mark Brzezinski stated that the federal EXIM Bank and the International Development Finance Corporation would provide support of $3 billion and $1 billion, respectively.\nSmall nuclear reactor technology is seen as crucial for Poland’s energy security, providing both electric power and significant heat for local grids. This is especially important for power, heating, and combined heat and power plants that still rely on coal, which is increasingly expensive under the EU’s climate policy.\nNuclear thermal power plants, on the other hand, using SMR technology, benefit from the nuclear fission process, which offers greater reliability and resilience compared to coal-fired units, which are subject to fuel availability and geopolitical risks, as demonstrated during the Ukrainian war. These SMR plants run no matter the weather conditions or fuel supplies.\nBuilding a nuclear power plant or combined heat and power plant is a significant challenge. Both small and large atoms require the installation of a new nuclear block and associated infrastructure. This includes adapting local energy networks or building new connections, which is time-consuming and requires a significant financial investment.\nPoland’s adoption of SMR technology requires careful planning, risk management, and adherence to safety standards to ensure effective implementation. SMR technology represents a significant step towards a more sustainable and independent energy policy, promoting a more environmentally friendly and efficient energy sector.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The accusations flew on Wednesday at the local school board meeting, packed with parents worried and angry about radiation levels in this city at the heart of Japan’s nuclear crisis. “Do you really care about our children’s health?” one parent shouted. “Why have you acted so late?” said another. Among other concerns: Isn’t radiation still raining down on Fukushima? Shouldn’t the entire school building be decontaminated? The entire city? Can we trust you? “We are doing all we can,” pleaded Tomio Watanabe, a senior official of Fukushima’s education board.\nA huge outcry is erupting in Fukushima over what parents say is a blatant government failure to protect their children from dangerous levels of radiation. The issue has prompted unusually direct confrontations in this conflict-averse society, and has quickly become a focal point for anger over Japan’s handling of the accident at the nearby Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, ravaged in the March 11 earthquake and tsunami. At issue are updated government guidelines that allow schoolchildren to be exposed to radiation doses that are more than 20 times the previously permissible levels. That dose is equal to the international standard for adult nuclear power plant workers.\nAdding to the anxiety, there is little scientific knowledge of the sorts of radiation dangers that Japan may now be facing. Scientists say readings in most areas are too low to cause immediate illness — even among children, who are more vulnerable — but they have a limited understanding of how low radiation doses over a long period of time can affect health.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "SHINE Technologies LLC (SHINE), a next-generation nuclear technology company, and the Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) and Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) announced signing of the first-ever contracts as part of the Department’s Uranium Lease and Take-back Program. The shared milestone for SHINE and the Department’s efforts will help increase domestic production of molybdenum-99 (Mo-99), a crucial medical radioisotope used in over 40,000 daily medical diagnostic procedures across the United States to assist in diagnosing life-threatening diseases, including heart disease and cancer.\nThe NNSA’s lease contract will provide SHINE with the low-enriched uranium necessary to produce Mo-99, while SHINE’s contract with DOE-EM details requirements surrounding the return of any resulting radioactive waste without a commercial disposition path once Mo-99 production is complete.\n“Signing these contracts with SHINE is a crucial step toward medical isotope autonomy for the United States,” said Corey Hinderstein, NNSA Deputy Administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation. “Once SHINE begins production, our country will be that much closer to creating a reliable and sufficient supply of these life-saving materials right here at home, while also increasing nuclear security by reducing the use of highly enriched uranium.”", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "by Workers at the Nuclear Institute at Dubna, and the University of California, Berkeley, USA. at 1967 in USSR, United States. Origin of name\n: the origin of the name dubnium is the Joint Nuclear Institute at Dubna\n\", an institute heavily involved in the search for heavy elements.\nDubnium apparently was synthesized by Russian and American workers independently by bombardment technologies. Its actual isolation as the free element has not been accomplished.\nIn 1967, Flerov reported element 105 after experiments at the Joint Research Institute in Russia involving reactions between 243Am ions with 22Ne ions. In 1970, Ghiorso and others announced their synthesis of dubnium at Berkeley (California) in the USA. This method involved the collsion of 249Cf ions with 15N ions.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Latest Nuclear energy in China Stories\nWestinghouse Electric Company LLC today announced it signed two instrumentation and control system cooperation agreements with China’s State Nuclear Power Automation System Engineering Company.\nWestinghouse Electric Company and Blue Castle Holdings today announced the signing of a memorandum of understanding to pursue the development of a two-unit AP1000® nuclear power plant at\nWestinghouse Electric Company today announced that it has signed a shareholder agreement following consultations with all Bulgarian political parties for the expansion of the Kozloduy Nuclear\nMONTREAL, July 24, 2014 /CNW Telbec/ - SNC-Lavalin (TSX: SNC) is pleased to announce that it has signed a formal memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the China National Nuclear Corporation\nTHE WOODLANDS, Texas, July 16, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- CB&I (NYSE:CBI) today announced it has signed a memorandum of understanding\nBEIJING, April 1, 2014 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Hollysys Automation Technologies, Ltd.\nWestinghouse Electric Company announced the successful completion of a significant milestone at the AP1000® nuclear power plant currently under construction in Sanmen, China, when the Unit\nWestinghouse recognizes Czech Moravian-Silesian region fundamental to Temelin AP1000® reactor success; identifies 28 local companies with the potential to supply the project, including companies\nMarket Publishers Ltd is announced as a media partner of The 2nd Annual Nuclear Information Technology China Forum 2014 (NITF 2014).\n- Stoppage; cessation (of labor).\n- A standing still or idling (of mills, factories, etc.).", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The hype around self-driving taxis…\nOil prices continued to climb…\nThe abandonment of plans to build or upgrade nuclear facilities in the United States and Europe could prevent the international community from meeting its reduced carbon emissions targets, according to an official from the International Energy Agency (IEA).\nIn both the United States and the European Union, nuclear energy is the largest low-carbon source of energy. IEA data shows that nuclear produces three times more power than wind and solar energy combined in both regions, with most production coming from plants built more than three decades ago, Reuters reported.\n\"The ageing of the nuclear fleet is a considerable challenge for energy security and decarbonization objectives,\" IEA Chief Economist Laszlo Varro told Reuters on the sidelines of the Eurelectric utilities conference this week.\nThe rapid decommissioning of nuclear plants in the past decade – a 20 percent total loss in capacity - has negated some of the effects of the global shift towards low-carbon or no carbon emissions energies.\n\"This is just a taste of things to come,\" Varro said in Portugal.\nWhile Russia, India, and China continue to pursue nuclear power, Japan, the U.S., and Europe have become hesitant to commission new projects after the 2011 Fukushima incident.\n\"If we do not keep nuclear in the energy mix and do not accelerate wind and solar deployment, the loss of nuclear capacity will knock us back by 15 to 20 years. We do not have that much time to lose,\" Varro said.\nAmerican nuclear plants have also struggled to compete with facilities equipped to run on cheap shale gas from the Bakken and Permian basins. In other cases, the ongoing construction of nuclear plants went over budget, discouraging financiers from funding future projects.\nBy Zainab Calcuttawala for Oilprice.com\nMore Top Reads From Oilprice.com:\nZainab Calcuttawala is an American journalist based in Morocco. She completed her undergraduate coursework at the University of Texas at Austin (Hook’em) and reports on…", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Kazuko Hamada: Lessons Learned from Hiroshima and FukushimaRoundup: Talking About History\nKazuko Hamada is Senior Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Planning and Coordination Office Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). This article is drawn from a series on the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, \"Perspectives on Hiroshima,\" published by the Federation of American Scientists. Read the full series here.\nNuclear energy is a double-edged sword with military applications on one side and nonmilitary ones on the other side. Enrico Fermi expressed this double-edged nature of nuclear energy as “an energy source that produces this much radioactivity and that can be subject to diversion of material for bombs.” Lamentably, Japan has undergone tragedies from both sides: attacks with nuclear weapons from one side and the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (Fukushima NPP 1) on the other side. Building on this fact and the occasion of commemoration of the 67th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, I would like to discuss the lessons learned and reconsider what responsibilities Japan should bear for these tragedies.\nSixty-seven years ago, on August 6, 1945, the city of Hiroshima in Japan was attacked with a nuclear weapon, which made Japan the first country targeted by this new weapon. Three days later, another atomic bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. These two atomic bombings resulted in an immediate death toll of more than 210,000 people in the two cities. Understandably, these tragic events transformed Japan into a strong advocate of the total elimination of all existing nuclear weapons, claiming that Japan should be the last country to suffer from atomic bombing....\nIn the early 1970s, because of scarce indigenous energy resources, Japan enhanced its energy security by increasing its use of nuclear energy and by establishing a closed nuclear fuel cycle. This move came with more proactive cooperation and transparency to achieve international confidence in the peaceful nature of Japan’s nuclear activities. To this end, Japan promoted several technical projects for effective safeguards to reprocessing and enrichment activities, including the Hexapartite Safeguards Project, the Tokai Advanced Safeguards Technology Exercise, and the Large Scale Reprocessing Plant Safeguards.\nIn short, while the two tragic experiences in 1945 led Japan to become a proactive advocate of nuclear disarmament, these experiences also reminded Japan of its responsibility to actively demonstrate the exclusively peaceful nature of its nuclear activities in its need for energy security....\ncomments powered by Disqus\n- Josh Hawley Earns F in Early American History\n- Does Germany's Holocaust Education Give Cover to Nativism?\n- \"Car Brain\" Has Long Normalized Carnage on the Roads\n- Hawley's Use of Fake Patrick Henry Quote a Revealing Error\n- Health Researchers Show Segregation 100 Years Ago Harmed Black Health, and Effects Continue Today\n- Nelson Lichtenstein on a Half Century of Labor History\n- Can America Handle a 250th Anniversary?\n- New Research Shows British Industrialization Drew Ironworking Methods from Colonized and Enslaved Jamaicans\n- The American Revolution Remains a Hotly Contested Symbolic Field\n- Untangling Fact and Fiction in the Story of a Nazi-Era Brothel", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "General Fusion announces new fusion demo machine\nBy Leigh Ann Kesler & Melanie Windridge\nGeneral Fusion announced plans to build a new magnetised target fusion (MTF) device on Wednesday 9th August. This new device will be constructed at their Richmond, Canada, headquarters to demonstrate fusion conditions at scale.\nSo, what have they done and how significant is it?\nThe plasma injector (PI3) has already achieved the temperature and energy confinement times required by LM26 © General Fusion\nWhat have they done?\nGeneral Fusion has made a strategic shift and announced they will be building an intermediate fusion device in Canada before constructing their Fusion Demonstration Plant (FDP) at UKAEA’s Culham Campus in England.\nThe Fusion Demonstration Plant, which received UK planning approval earlier this year, was due to commence construction this summer, be commissioned in 2026 and fully operational by early 2027. It would be 70 per cent scale of a commercial power plant, designed to create fusion conditions in a power plant-relevant environment, achieving temperatures of over 100 million degrees Celsius.\nNow they plan to achieve these key fusion milestones in a new device and delay the UK Fusion Demonstration Plant by a couple of years. When built, however, this device will be closer to a commercial scale facility and incorporate a number of commercial plant features that were not originally planned for this machine.\nIn their recently completed Series F funding, they raised $25M from both private investors and new grant funding from the Government of British Colombia, which builds upon the Canadian government's ongoing support via the Strategic Innovation Fund (SIF). This funding will support construction of the new device, Lawson Machine 26 (LM26) at the company headquarters in Richmond, British Columbia.\nGreg Twinney, CEO of General Fusion, said, “Our updated three-year Fusion Demonstration Program puts us on the best path forward to commercialize our technology by the 2030s. We’re harnessing our team’s existing strengths right here in Canada and delivering high-value, industry-leading technical milestones in the near term.”\nWhy is this impressive?\nLike many fusion companies, General Fusion has acquired funding to build an intermediate-sized device that will allow them to “de-risk” on their path to a demonstration device.\nGeneral Fusion has been developing Magnetised Target Fusion (MTF) technology since 2002. MTF differs from the approaches of magnetic and inertial confinement fusion, which require large magnet and laser systems, respectively, to generate the temperatures and pressures required for self-sustaining fusion. MTF attempts to incorporate the advantages of both magnetic and inertial fusion designs while avoiding some of the technological challenges.\nIn General Fusion’s design, the fusion plasma is injected into a spinning liquid-metal cylinder, which is then compressed with pistons, bringing the plasma to the temperature and pressure required for fusion to occur. In a power plant the process would be rapidly repeated as the energy from the fusion neutrons is absorbed by the liquid metal, then transferred to another fluid for electricity generation.\nThe new device, Lawson Machine 26 (LM26), is designed to about half the scale of a commercial fusion device, similar to the scale of other demonstration devices . LM26 will use the existing operational plasma injector (PI3), developed by General Fusion, with a new lithium liner compression system to reach new milestones on their path to fusion.\nLM26 will run deuterium fuel (instead of deuterium-tritium fuel as planned for a power plant) and so is not planned to actually reach energy breakeven, only breakeven equivalent. Instead, it will allow General Fusion to demonstrate the temperatures necessary for fusion (100 million degrees Celsius, around 10 keV) by 2025, and the conditions required for breakeven by 2026.\nThe fusion demonstration facility designed by architect Amanda Levete. © General Fusion.\nWhy is it important?\nZoltan Tompa, Senior Partner, BDC Capital’s Climate Tech Fund II said: “The new LM26 machine represents a capital efficient steppingstone to de-risk their Fusion Demonstration Program while accelerating the delivery of critical milestones such as fusion conditions and energy breakeven.”\nLM26’s results will validate the company’s ability to compress magnetised plasmas in a repeatable manner and achieve fusion conditions at scale. It aims to fast-track their technical results and go beyond what was initially planned for the UK device.\nThis step integrates well with the agreement between General Fusion and the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) to build the Fusion Demonstration Plant (FDP) at the Culham campus in England. General Fusion says that, over the next two to three years, the team will work closely with the UK Atomic Energy Authority to validate the data gathered from LM26 and incorporate it into the design of the FDP.\nAfter FDP, General Fusion plans to commercialise their design by building a First Of A Kind power plant to put electricity on the grid in the early- to mid-2030s.\nIf LM26 is to produce fusion temperatures by 2025, there should be rapid construction at the site in Richmond, which will likely lead to interesting news reports on construction progress as well as components’ and systems’ testing.\nThe design for the Fusion Demonstration Plant will be largely based on the results of the experiments in LM26, so the details of that design should begin to evolve in the next two to three years. In addition, the collaboration between General Fusion and the UKAEA will likely result in other stepping stones on the path to FDP and beyond.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Karyoku Genshiryoku Hatsuden, 71(11), p.638 - 648, 2020/11\nDevelopment status of next generation reactors is outlined mainly for sodium cooled fast reactor developed in Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). Development strategy in Japan, status of the advanced reactor developments including SMR over the world, and also results of research and development in JAEA are explained.\nIto, Chikara; Maeda, Shigetaka; Inoue, Toshihiko; Tomita, Hideki*; Iguchi, Tetsuo*\nRadiation Protection, 40(6), p.491 - 495, 2020/11\nA highly accurate and precise technique for measurement of the Nb(n,n')Nb reaction rate was established for the material surveillance tests, etc. in fast reactors. The self-absorption effect on the measurement of the characteristic X-rays emitted by Nb was decreased by the solution and evaporation to dryness of niobium dosimeter. A highly precise count of the number of Nb atoms was obtained by measuring the niobium solution concentration using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. X-rays of Nb were measured accurately by means of comparing the X-ray intensity of irradiated niobium solution with that of the solution in which stable Nb was added. The difference between both intensities indicates the effect of Ta, which is generated from an impurity tantalum, and the intensity of X-rays from Nb was evaluated. Measurement error of the Nb(n,n')Nb reaction rate was reduced to be less than 4%, which was equivalent to the other reaction rate errors of dosimeters used for Joyo dosimetry. In addition, an advanced technique using Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry was proposed for the precise measurement of Nb yield, and Nb will be resonance-ionized selectively by discriminating the hyperfine splitting of the atomic energy levels between Nb and Nb at high resolution.\nNegishi, Hitoshi; Kamide, Hideki; Maeda, Seiichiro; Nakamura, Hirofumi; Abe, Tomoyuki\nNihon Genshiryoku Gakkai-Shi ATOMO, 62(8), p.438 - 441, 2020/08\nPrototype Fast Breeder Reactor, Monju, was under decommission since April, 2018. It is the first time for Japan to make a sodium cooled reactor into decommission. It is significant work and will take 30 years. The Monju has provided wide spectrum and huge amount of findings and knowledge, e.g., design, R&D, manufacturing, construction, and operation up to 40% of full power over 50 years of development history. It is significant to utilize such findings and knowledge for the development and commercialization of a fast rector in Japan.\nTsuruga Comprehensive Research and Development Center\nJAEA-Technology 2019-007, 159 Pages, 2019/07\nThis report summarizes the history and achievements of the prototype fast breeder reactor Monju. The development of Monju started in 1968 as a prototype reactor following the experimental fast reactor Joyo. The development covers all the activity related to the fast reactor; plant design, mockup tests, construction, operation, and plant management. This report summarizes the history and achievements for 11 technical areas: history and principal achievements, design and construction, operation test, plant safety, core physics, fuel, plant system, sodium technology, materials and mechanical design, plant management, and trouble management.\nIto, Chikara; Naito, Hiroyuki; Ishikawa, Takashi; Ito, Keisuke; Wakaida, Ikuo\nJPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 24, p.011038_1 - 011038_6, 2019/01\nA high-radiation resistant optical fiber has been developed in order to investigate the interiors of the reactor pressure vessels and the primary containment vessels at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. The tentative dose rate in the reactor pressure vessels is assumed to be up to 1 kGy/h. We developed a radiation resistant optical fiber consisting of a 1000 ppm hydroxyl doped pure silica core and 4 % fluorine doped pure silica cladding. We attempted to apply the optical fiber to remote imaging technique by means of fiberscope. The number of core image fibers was increased from 2000 to 22000 for practical use. The transmissive rate of infrared images was not affected after irradiation of 1 MGy. No change in the spatial resolution of the view scope by means of image fiber was noted between pre- and post-irradiation. We confirmed the applicability of the probing system, which consists of a view scope using radiation-resistant optical fibers.\nUsami, Shin; Kishimoto, Yasufumi*; Taninaka, Hiroshi; Maeda, Shigetaka\nJAEA-Technology 2018-003, 97 Pages, 2018/07\nThe decay heat used for effectiveness evaluation of the prevention measures against severe accidents in the prototype fast breeder reactor Monju was evaluated by applying the updated nuclear data libraries based on JENDL-4.0, reflecting the realistic core operation pattern, and setting the rational extent of uncertainty. The decay heats of fission products, the actinide nuclides such as Cm-242, and radioactive structural materials were calculated by FPGS code. The decay heat of U-239 and Np-239 was evaluated based on ANSI/ANS-5.1-1994. The calculation uncertainty of each decay heat was evaluated based on summation of uncertainty factors, C/E values of reaction rates obtained in Monju system startup test, and so on. Furthermore, the decay heat evaluation method based on the FPGS90 was verified by the comparison of the results of the decay heat measurement of the two spent MOX fuel subassemblies in the experimental fast reactor Joyo MK-II core.\nYamamoto, Takahiro; Ito, Chikara; Maeda, Shigetaka; Ito, Hideaki; Sekine, Takashi\nJAEA-Technology 2017-036, 41 Pages, 2018/02\nIn the experimental fast reactor Joyo, the damaged upper core structure (UCS) was retrieved into the cask in May 2014 The dose rate on UCS surface was quite high due to the activation for over 30 years operation. In order to attain the optimum safety design, manufacture and operation of equipment for UCS replacement, the method to evaluate UCS surface dose rate was developed on the basis of C/E obtained by the in-vessel dose rate measurement in Joyo. In order to verify the evaluation method, the axial gamma-ray distribution measurement on the surface of the cask, which contained UCS, was conducted using a plastic scintillating optical fiber (PSF) detector. This paper describes the comparison results between calculation and measurement as follows. (1) The measured axial gamma-ray distribution on the cask surface had a peak on proper location with considering the cask shielding structure and agree well with the calculated distribution. (2) The C/E of axial gamma-ray distribution on the cask surface was ranged from 1.1 to 1.7. It was confirmed that the calculation for UCS replacement equipment design had a margin conservatively. Then, the results showed that the developed evaluation method for UCS replacement equipment design was sufficiently reliable.\nAshida, Takashi; Nakamura, Toshiyuki*; Ito, Hideaki\nJAEA-Technology 2017-024, 198 Pages, 2017/11\nIn the experimental fast reactor Joyo, the disconnecting of an irradiation test subassembly MARICO-2 (Material Testing Irradiation Rig with Temperature Control) from its holding mechanism was conducted in May 2007. After the operation, the rotating plug was rotated despite the fact that the test subassembly was not disconnected completely. Consequently, top of wrapper tube of the MARICO-2 subassembly was bent onto the in-vessel storage rack. Since the overhanging part of the subassembly was in the height in which contacts with the upper core structure, it had damaged the bottom surface of the upper core structure. As the result, it was necessary to replace the damaged upper core structure and to retrieve the bent MARICO-2 subassembly for Joyo restart. Retrieval devices for MARICO-2 subassembly consist of a gripper mechanism to lift subassembly together with transfer pot, a guide tube built-in a pantograph mechanism to adjust lifting axis and safety mechanisms to prevent or mitigate falling of MARICO-2 subassembly, a retrieval cask and so on. Design of the retrieval devices have been verified in ex-vessel partial or full-scale mock-up tests and in-vessel function tests. In 2014, MARICO-2 subassembly was successfully retrieved from the reactor vessel by applying these retrieval devices. Then, retrieved subassembly was transported to a hot-cell facility for post-irradiation examinations. Devices have demonstrated expected performance under the actual environmental conditions of a sodium cooled fast reactor. This is a synthetic report about the retrieval work of the deformed and irradiated test subassembly in Joyo. This report includes the detail design and fabrication of the special retrieval device, results of tests for confirmation including the mock-up tests in manufacturer's factory, and results of MARICO-2 retrieval work from the reactor vessel.\nMaeda, Seiichiro; Oki, Shigeo; Otsuka, Satoshi; Morimoto, Kyoichi; Ozawa, Takayuki; Kamide, Hideki\nProceedings of International Conference on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles; Next Generation Nuclear Systems for Sustainable Development (FR-17) (USB Flash Drive), 10 Pages, 2017/06\nThe next generation fast reactor is being investigated in Japan, aiming at several targets such as \"safety\", \"reduction of environmental burden\" and \"economic competitiveness\". As for the safety aspect, FAIDUS concept is adopted to avoid re-criticality in core destructive accidents. The uranium-plutonium mixed oxide fuel, in which minor actinide elements are included, will be applied to reduce the amount and potential radio-toxicity of radioactive wastes. The high burn-up fuel is pursued to reduce fuel cycle cost. The candidate concept of the core and fuel design, which could satisfy various design criteria by design devisals, has been established. In addition, JAEA is investigating material properties and irradiation behavior of MA-MOX fuel. JAEA is developing the fuel design code especially for the fuel pin with annular pellets of MA-bearing MOX. Furthermore, JAEA is developing oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steel cladding for the high burnup fuel.\nAshida, Takashi; Ito, Hideaki; Miyamoto, Kazuyuki*; Nakamura, Toshiyuki; Koga, Kazuhiro*; Ohara, Norikazu*; Ino, Hiroichi*\nNihon Genshiryoku Gakkai Wabun Rombunshi, 15(4), p.210 - 222, 2016/12\nIn the experimental fast reactor Joyo, it was confirmed that the top of the irradiation test sub-assembly of material testing rig named \"MARICO-2\" had been broken and bent onto the in-vessel storage rack as an obstacle and had damaged the upper core structure (UCS). As the result, for Joyo restart, it was necessary to replace the damaged UCS and to retrieve the bent sub-assembly. This paper describes in-vessel repair techniques performed in the retrieval work of the obstacle inside of the reactor vessel. The devices which were prepared for this work demonstrated expected performance under the environmental conditions of an SFR such as high temperature and radiation dose, and the work was completed in 2014. The successful operation of this retrieval work of the damaged component inside of a reactor vessel will contribute to the development of in-service inspections and repair technics in an SFR.\nOkuda, Eiji; Sasaki, Jun; Suzuki, Nobuhiro; Takamatsu, Misao; Nagai, Akinori\nJAEA-Technology 2016-017, 20 Pages, 2016/07\nIn-Vessel Observation (IVO) techniques for Sodium Cooled Fast Reactors (SFRs) in service are important for confirming their safety and integrity. Since IVO equipment for an SFR has to be designed to tolerate the severe conditions (high temperature, high radiation dose and limited access route), fiberscopes used to be used in previous IVO for SFRs. However, in order to attain an IVO with higher quality and resolution, IVO using a radiation resistant camera was conducted in the fast experimental reactor Joyo and obtained some results. The demonstration results provided valuable insights for use in further improving and verifying IVO techniques in SFRs.\nIto, Hiromichi*; Ota, Katsu; Kawahara, Hirotaka; Kobayashi, Tetsuhiko; Takamatsu, Misao; Nagai, Akinori\nJAEA-Technology 2016-008, 87 Pages, 2016/05\nIn the experimental fast reactor Joyo, as a part of the restoration work of a partial dysfunction of fuel handling, the replacement of the upper core structure (UCS) was started from March 2014, and was completed in December 2014. In the jack-up test, the UCS was jacked-up to 1000 mm without significant sodium shearing resistance and interference. In the replacement of the UCS, a procedure was prepared with the use of wire-jack equipment assuming the interference. As a result, with the procedure and wire-jack were effectively functioned, the work was successfully completed.\nUsami, Shin; Kishimoto, Yasufumi; Taninaka, Hiroshi; Maeda, Shigetaka\nProceedings of International Conference on the Physics of Reactors; Unifying Theory and Experiments in the 21st Century (PHYSOR 2016) (USB Flash Drive), p.3263 - 3274, 2016/05\nThe present paper describes the validation of the new decay heat evaluation method using FPGS90 code with both the updated nuclear data library and the rational extent of uncertainty, by comparing the results of the decay heat measurement of the spent fuel subassemblies in Joyo MK-II core and by comparing with the calculation results of ORIGEN2.2 code. The calculated values of decay heat (C) by FPGS90 based on the JENDL-4.0 library were coincident with the measured ones (E) within the calculation uncertainties, and the C/E ranged from 1.01 to 0.93. FPGS90 evaluated the decay heat almost 3% larger than ORIGEN2.2, and it improved the C/E in comparison with the ORIGEN2.2 code. Furthermore, The C/E by FPGS90 based on the JENDL-4.0 library was improved than that based on the JENDL-3.2 library, and the contribution of the revision of reaction cross section library to the improvement was dominant rather than that of the decay data and fission yield data libraries.\nTakamatsu, Misao; Kawahara, Hirotaka; Ito, Hiromichi; Ushiki, Hiroshi; Suzuki, Nobuhiro; Sasaki, Jun; Ota, Katsu; Okuda, Eiji; Kobayashi, Tetsuhiko; Nagai, Akinori; et al.\nNihon Genshiryoku Gakkai Wabun Rombunshi, 15(1), p.32 - 42, 2016/03\nIn the experimental fast reactor Joyo, it was confirmed that the top of the irradiation test sub-assembly of \"MARICO-2\" (material testing rig with temperature control) had been broken and bent onto the in-vessel storage rack as an obstacle and had damaged the upper core structure (UCS). This paper describes the results of the in-vessel repair techniques for UCS replacement, which are developed in Joyo. UCS replacement was successfully completed in 2014. In-vessel repair techniques for sodium cooled fast reactors (SFRs) are important in confirming its safety and integrity. In order to secure the reliability of these techniques, it was necessary to demonstrate the performance under the actual reactor environment with high temperature, high radiation dose and remained sodium. The experience and knowledge gained in UCS replacement provides valuable insights into further improvements for In-vessel repair techniques in SFRs.\nUshiki, Hiroshi*; Okuda, Eiji; Suzuki, Nobuhiro; Takamatsu, Misao; Nagai, Akinori\nJAEA-Technology 2015-042, 37 Pages, 2016/02\nThe reactor vessel of a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) is filled with sodium coolant and cover gas (argon gas). In case of a cover gas boundary open (ie., in-vessel repair), installation of a temporary cover gas boundary and controlling the cover gas pressure slightly positive are required to prevent the cover gas release and the contamination of impurities, and during upper core structure (UCS) replacement in the experimental SFR Joyo from March to December 2014, a vinyl bag was installed as a part of the temporary cover gas boundary. However, because it has inferior thermal resistance, supply a cooling gas too much was required to maintain proper temperature for two months. On the basis of this requirement, a cover gas recycling system with precise pressure control was developed and adopted for UCS replacement. The system has a good pressure controllability and recyclability. The successful results of this system contributed to the certain promotion of UCS replacement. In addition, the insights and the experience gathered in this development are expected to improve the in-vessel repair techniques in sodium-cooled fast reactors.\nMorita, Kenji; Morimoto, Makoto; Hisada, Masaki; Fukui, Yasutaka\nJAEA-Technology 2015-038, 30 Pages, 2016/02\nThe Old Waste Treatment Facility for JOYO (Old JWTF) has been operated to treat radioactive liquid waste from the experimental fast reactor JOYO and post irradiation examination facilities. Operation of Old JWTF stopped in 1995, and dismantling & decontamination method has discussed. As a response to discussion results of remote and dismantling method in high dose environment on 2013, its concept examination was discussed on 2014. Results are follows. As a cutting tool for Old JWTF equipment, wire saw is selected from cutting ability (speed and thickness of objects). Discussed the component technology of wire saw remote operation system (handling, monitoring, collection method of secondary waste, else).\nOta, Katsu; Ushiki, Hiroshi*; Maeda, Shigetaka; Kawahara, Hirotaka; Takamatsu, Misao; Kobayashi, Tetsuhiko; Kikuchi, Yuki; Tobita, Shigeharu; Nagai, Akinori\nJAEA-Technology 2015-026, 180 Pages, 2015/11\nIn the experimental fast reactor Joyo, it was confirmed that the top of the irradiation test sub-assembly of \"MARICO-2\" (material testing rig with temperature control) had bent onto the in-vessel storage rack as an obstacle and had damaged the upper core structure (UCS). The replacement of the UCS was conducted from May to December 2014. The design and manufacture of UCS was started from 2008, and the installation of UCS was completed successfully in November 21th 2014. The major results gained during the design and manufacture of UCS is as follows.\nNabeshima, Kunihiko; Doda, Norihiro; Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Mori, Takero; Ohira, Hiroaki; Iwasaki, Takashi*\nProceedings of 16th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-16) (USB Flash Drive), p.1041 - 1049, 2015/08\nNatural circulation is one of the most important mechanisms to remove decay heat in the sodium cooled fast reactors from the viewpoint of passive safety. On the other hand, it is difficult to evaluate plant dynamics accurately under low flow natural circulation condition. In this study, Super-COPD has been validated through the application to the analysis of natural circulation tests in the experimental fast reactor JOYO. Almost all plant components in JOYO including four air-coolers were modeled in Super COPD. Furthermore, the full scale modeling of fuel subassembly was also adopted in this analysis. The natural circulation test after reactor scram from 100 MW full power at JOYO was selected and simulated by Super-COPD. The transient behaviors predicted by Super-COPD showed good agreement with the experimental data.\nKoga, Kazuhiro*; Ohara, Norikazu*; Ino, Hiroichi*; Kondo, Katsumi*; Ito, Hideaki; Ashida, Takashi; Nakamura, Toshiyuki\nFAPIG, (190), p.3 - 8, 2015/07\nno abstracts in English\nIto, Hiromichi; Suzuki, Nobuhiro; Kobayashi, Tetsuhiko; Kawahara, Hirotaka; Nagai, Akinori; Sakao, Ryuta*; Murata, Chotaro*; Tanaka, Junya*; Matsusaka, Yasunori*; Tatsuno, Takahiro*\nProceedings of 2015 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP 2015) (CD-ROM), p.1058 - 1067, 2015/05\nIn the experimental fast reactor Joyo (Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR)), it was confirmed that the top of the irradiation test sub-assembly had bent onto the in-vessel storage rack as an obstacle and had damaged the upper core structure (UCS). There is a risk of deformation of the UCS and guide sleeve (GS) caused by interference between them unless inclination is controlled precisely. To mitigate the risk, special jack-up equipment for applying three-point suspension was developed. The existing damaged UCS (ed-UCS) jack-up test using the jack-up equipment was conducted on May 7, 2014. As a result of this test, it was confirmed that the ed-UCS could be successfully jacked-up to 1000 mm without consequent overload. The experience and knowledge gained in the ed-UCS jack-up test provides valuable insights and prospects not only for UCS replacement but also for further improving and verifying repair techniques in SFRs.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "On June 30, another meeting of the scientific and analytical section of UkrNS took place, during which important aspects of the functioning of the nuclear industry of Ukraine during wartime were discussed.\nMembers of UkrNS took part in the section meeting - head of the atomic energy department of the Institute of Nuclear Power Plant Safety Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Volodymyr Borysenko, nuclear nuclear energy veteran Viktor Shenedrovych, general director of the research and production enterprise \"Atomkompleksprylad\" Olexander Kazymyrov, doctor of technical sciences, leading scientist of Ukraine Konstantin Semeyko, as well as representatives of OP \"UkrNS\" Oleksandr Khomych (Khmelnytskyi NPP), Oleg Ishchenko, Ph.D. (South Ukrainian NPP) and Konstantin Lobach, Ph.D. (OP of OO \"UkrNS\" in Kharkiv).\nDuring the meeting, the scenarios of the development of the energy complex of Ukraine after the victory in the war, taking into account the destruction of energy facilities by the occupiers, as well as the peculiarities of the work of the nuclear industry in the presence of constant threats of nuclear terrorism, were discussed.\nThe members of the scientific and analytical section paid special attention to the issue of the protection of nuclear facilities in the conditions of military operations and the seizure of the ZNNP, ChNPP, shelling of the the NSI \"Neutron Source\". In particular, the members of the section decided to conduct a detailed analysis of acts of nuclear terrorism and develop materials that can be used as part of a review of the existing project threat to nuclear facilities.\nThe participants of the meeting noted that the nuclear industry will continue to occupy a leading place within the general plan for the reconstruction of Ukraine after the war and play a key role in the energy security and energy independence of the country.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "4 Aug (NucNet): Ukraine’s State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate approved on 1 August 2017 the start of integrated system testing at the newly built interim spent fuel storage facility on the site of the Chernobyl nuclear power station in Ukraine, project developer Holtec International said in a statement. US-based Holtec said the initial cold testing phase is expected to transition to hot pre-commissioning testing in December 2017, while the first spent fuel deliveries are scheduled for the beginning of March 2018. A programme for the design and construction of the facility, known as ISF2, began in 1997 with international funding managed by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). The facility will store spent fuel from Units 1, 2 and 3 at Chernobyl. In 2007, Holtec took over the project after the withdrawal of France’s state-controlled Areva over construction problems. According to the EBRD, the facility will process, dry and cut more than 21,000 fuel assemblies from Chernobyl-1, -2 and -3. The assemblies will then be placed in double-walled canisters and stored in concrete modules onsite for a minimum of 100 years. The EBRD said the project is costing around €380m ($451m) and is jointly funded by the EBRD and the EBRD-managed Nuclear Safety Account (NSA) fund. The 18 NSA donors have committed more than €280m to safety projects at Chernobyl. The EBRD provided more than €200m of its own funding for the construction of the ISF2. Holtec said when it begins operation ISF2 will be the world’s largest interim spent fuel storage facility. Units 1, 2 and 3 at Chernobyl, all of the Soviet RBMK reactor design, were shut down permanently in 1996, 1991, and 2000. Unit 4, also an RBMK, was destroyed by an explosion in the April 1986 accident.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Pre-operational testing has started at unit 2 of the Ningde nuclear power plant in China’s Fujian province. The CPR-1000 pressurized water reactor is expected to begin operation next year.\nThe hot tests aim to simulate the temperatures and pressures which the reactor’s systems will be subjected to during normal operation. This important phase ensures coolant circuits and nuclear safety systems are functioning properly before fuel can be loaded.\nThe tests began at Ningde 2 on 16 August and are expected to take about 45 days to complete. The unit is scheduled to start commercial operation in the second half of 2014.\nIt is one of four CPR-1000 units being built on the site. Construction of units 1 and 2 started in 2008 and units 3 and 4 started in 2010. Unit 1 began operating in April 2013. All four units will be in operation by 2015.\nContinue reading at Hot tests begin at Chinese unit", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) shows great promise as a semiconductor radiation detector material. CZT possesses advantageous material properties over other radiation detector materials in use today, such as a high intrinsic resistivity and a high cross-section for x and γ-rays. However, presently available CZT is not without limitations. The hole transport properties severely limit the performance of these detectors, and the yield of material possessing adequate electron transport properties is currently much lower than desired. The result of these material deficiencies is a lack of inexpensive CZT crystals of large volume for several radiation detector applications. One approach to help alleviate this problem is to measure the spatial distribution (or map) the electrical properties of large area CZT wafers prior to device fabrication. This mapping can accomplish two goals: identify regions of the wafers suitable for detector fabrication and correlate the distribution of crystalline defects with the detector performance. The results of this characterization can then be used by the crystal manufacturers to optimize their growth processes. In this work, we discuss the design and performance of apparatus for measuring the electrical characteristics of entire CZT wafers (up to 10 cm × 10 cm). The data acquisition and manipulation will be discussed and some typical data will be presented.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Storing Nuclear Waste\nChris - Now we were talking about Sizewell there. It's not a very big reactor: four metres by four metres they said. That sounds tiny, but they said there's a huge amount of radioactive waste. How much?\nIan - I'm not exactly sure how much is stored at Sizewell. In fact all the nuclear waste that's produced at Sizewell is currently on site there so the UK doesn't actually deal with that waste at the moment.\nChris - How much have we got stockpiled at the moment? We heard earlier how there are 19 functional power stations in this country and a number have been shut down.\nIan - The majority of our waste, the volume is 470 000 cubic metres. To put that in perspective, only a few per cent of that radioactivity is in the vast volumes there and I think 98 or 99% of the radioactivity is in a much smaller volume, and that's what we call high level waste. This is the really really dangerous stuff.\nChris - How dangerous and why?\nIan - It emits beta and gamma radiation. It's extremely harmful and you cannot approach it. It takes many years to cool down and so Anna at Sizewell will have seen the spent fuel ponds. When the fuel rods are removed from the nuclear reactor, they're placed underwater and left to cool for long periods of time. Other reactors leave the rods there for maybe 10 or 15 years and then pull them out into something called dry casks. But it takes about that period of time before you can store them out of the water.\nChris - But storing them: how long are we going to have to store them for before they're considered safe again?\nIan - In the UK we have actually taken many of our nuclear fuel rods and reprocessed them. And in that process you separate out into two main types of waste. You have what's called the fission products which is half of the heavy element or the two halves that have split apart, and then you get the remaining uranium, which is depleted uranium, and plutonium that is generated in the nuclear reactor. So you've got these two parts. The fission products themselves are dangerous for about three hundred years, so the principle elements would have half lives of about thirty years, so ten half lives would be three hundred years. There are a few other problematic elements in there; technicium is one which we will hear about and has medical uses but it exists there and is quite long-lived.\nChris - But some of this waste that we're talking about we say that it needs ten half lives to be safe and that's 300 000 years.\nIan - No, 300 000 years would be something like plutonium 239.\nChris - Which we're producing in these things.\nIan - Yes so there's two types of waste: there's the waste that we call the fission products and in the UK we've separated the plutonium and the uranium from the fission products so the fission products are ok in 300 years. The plutonium and uranium are on much longer time scales.\nChris - So at the moment we've got a considerable amount of material that could be radioactive for a third of a million years.\nIan - Exactly.\nChris - How do we store that?\nIan - In July the government commission called CoRWM reported and said that we should build what's called a geological repository. What they said was that we should dig a hole between 200 and 1000 metres deep. It will be a bit like a mine, so a shaft will go down and then you'll cut out drifts into the surrounding rock and then you'll place canisters of material.\nChris - So does this just mean you put some stuff in a barrel and bury it?\nIan - No. The fission products themselves are treated with some oxides, heated up, and formed into glass. Those are then poured into cans, extremely strong cans, and they're stored at Sellafield at the reprocessing site.\nChris - Now is that stuff stable for a third of a million years?\nIan - That stuff doesn't necessarily need to be stable for a third of a million years because it only contains the fission products.\nChris - But I'm talking about the ones that need storing for a third of a million years, Ian.\nIan - So that material is stored at Sellafield and we've not decided what to do with that yet. Well we've decided what we're going to do with 5%. 5% of that and 100 tonnes of plutonium has been set aside as not useful as a future nuclear. This really depends, Chris, on decisions on whether we build new nuclear power stations and whether those nuclear power stations will then be licensed to burn what we call mixed oxide fuel: uranium plus plutonium. So depleted uranium and then the fissile material will be plutonium.\nChris - But what I'm getting at Ian is how do we work out a safe way to store that stuff with this incredibly long half life that needs a long time in the ground to calm down?\nIan - Well what we're trying to do is to develop some mineral-based ceramics which in a similar way to forming the glass, we mix oxides and we form something which is like a mineral. There are certain minerals that occur on the earth that have been proven to hold uranium and thorium for billions of years in some cases, and so those are the kinds of models for the kinds of materials we want to use. So we would like to isolate these very long-lived isotopes into a mineral before storing it, and hopefully that mineral will be sufficiently durable that it would not decay or be damaged by the radioactive decay that occurs inside it.\nChris - Is that true? Does it?\nIan - We haven't yet found one that's going to last for 300 000 years.\nChris - How long does it last?\nIan - Well the particular case we looked at recently lasted for about 1400 years.\nChris - So that's a fraction of what you need. So at the moment what you're saying is that we have this high level waste and we've got nothing that we can actually do that's going to be a safe long-term prospect for it.\nIan - It's a question of confidence. We know that this material will degrade because of its own internal radiation. Whether that amorphous material will then be dissolved by water is not very well understood.\nChris - Why does it get damaged? Why does it fall apart over time?\nIan - What happens is that there's an alpha particle emitted from heavy nuclei like plutonium and that heavy nucleus then recoils a bit like a howitzer that's just fired a shell. That skittles into all the other atoms and knocks them all over the place, and basically you no longer have a very well-described very durable material at that point because the atoms are all in very high energy positions. They're all knocked out of their usual positions and so could be attacked more readily by water.\nKat - So the challenge is to find something stable. We've had a suggestion here from Keith in Watford who says that nuclear waste could be encased in glass and shot into space. Is there any other way of sensibly getting rid of nuclear waste without putting it somewhere on the planet?\nChris - Yeah David in Chelmsford says why don't we dump it on the moon?\nIan - I think the Committee on Radioactive Waste Management, which delivered its report last July did consider very quickly putting things in space; firing them into the sun is another option. A feasibility request went to NASA and they could only guarantee, I think, 1 in 35 launches wouldn't result in an explosion, so the idea is that it would be too dangerous to do that.\nChris - It would be similar to what happened with Chernobyl basically in terms of the amount of contamination.\nIan - You would deliver it into the stratosphere and it would be spread around the world.\nKat - That just sounds terrible. So more research is needed quite urgently.\nIan - I think that the research that's being done is to really research the materials we put these things in. We actually form these things into another material and that material is actually very very durable with respect to water. The main problem is that if you put this stuff down deep into the ground, the question is whether this material will come into contact with water. That's the only way that the radioactive isotopes will leak out if it comes into contact with water. So that can be controlled by the geology of where you put, or it can be controlled by the material itself. You obviously need a combination of those two, but the better you can make the material in the first place, the more certainty you have in the disposal process.\nChris - What's the situation in America, because they've invested quite a lot of money in deep burial.\nIan - That's right. They have a repository site in Nevada that's about ninety miles west of Las Vegas. All states in the US except one, which is Nevada, have agreed that nuclear waste should be sent there. At the moment I think there's one legal challenge that is preventing the go-ahead of that project. They will have lots of nuclear waste from their nuclear weapons programmes and from their commercial nuclear generation programme, which will be transported to Yucca Mountain and be set in the type of repository that I described earlier.\nKat - I was writing a blog last year for the Institute of Physics that looked into nuclear energy and those kinds of issues. And it did seem to be that there's a lot of discussion about the right way to build nuclear power stations and how environmentally friendly it is, but no-one seems to have solved what to do with the waste.\nIan - If you ask most scientists who work in the area, we have a gut feeling that it'll probably be ok, but that's not good enough.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Being the president of the United States comes with the responsibility of making tough decisions that aren’t always perceived as the best, especially when it involves the war. In 1945, President Harry Truman had to make a difficult decision that ultimately gave americans a leg up in the war. President Harry Truman’s decision to use the atomic bomb on Japan in WWII is surrounded by much controversy but holds many positive advantages that helped end the war. Presidents Harry Truman’s decision to use the atomic bomb posed nearly no significant dilemmas overall.\nHighly, debatable topic President Truman’s decision on dropping atomic bomb on Japan during World war II. Many questions arise when this topic is raised like the world was introduced to the nuclear bombs, it was racist to drop bombs in japan, was Truman’s main target Asian or was it for the political reestablishment between Soviet Union, as German was America’s first attack why he did not drop atom bomb on them and so on. As it has already become more than seventy years it is still amongst the debated ones. It was best decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan by President Truman considering different factors like ending the war as soon as possible, responding to the pearl harbor, to impress the Soviet, lack of having incentives not to use bomb and justify the cost of Manhattan project.\nEvaluate and discuss President Truman's decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan during World War II, which ultimately killed ten of thousands of Japanese citizens. I researched the different views that people have dealt with this subject. On August 6, 1945, American bomber Colonel Paul Tibbets dropped more than a 9,000-pound uranium-235 bomb known as “Little Boy” on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Within seconds, the bomb killed 80,000 people, with tens of thousands dying weeks afterwards due to wounds obtained from the blast and radiation poisoning.\nTruman and the A-Bomb The most powerful weapon America had in WWII, was also the most secret. The Atom Bomb was capable of wiping out an entire city with a blast radius of 3.5 miles. It was truly a killing machine. With such power comes the question, does anyone deserve such a fate?\n1. Source B mentions that the reason for Truman dropping the bomb was to save American lives, but it was a speech to the nation. Source A transmits a completely different message. It mentions that “the end of Japanese war no longer depended upon the pouring in of [the Russian] armies.” They way this phrase is interpreted is that Truman dropped the bomb because he no longer wanted the help of the Soviets so he didn’t have to share the reward, which was Tokyo.\nIt is no doubt that politics evolve, as do the political leaders of our world and their individual viewpoints. Particularly their viewpoints on major global topics like use of the atomic bomb, and all other weapons of mass destruction. Out of all of the difficult decisions presidents are required to make, President Bush and President Truman had two of the hardest and handled them both in inevitably controversial ways, however these decisions shared both similarities and differences that affected the opinions on the use of all mass destruction weapons. In 1945 to 1953 Harry S Truman was president of the United States.\nDear President Truman, I am writing to you about dropping an atomic bomb in Japan that could potentially kill people. I understand that making a decision like this can be difficult which is why I have a few suggestions on why you should attack Japan with an atomic bomb. Japan wanted certain pacific islands such as Pearl Harbor and so they attacked on December 7th, 1941.\nIt has been 71 years since the Second World War and the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the Americans. With recent visit on May to Hiroshima by the US President Obama and on December to Pearl Harbour by Japanese PM Abe, the wound between the two countries are healing. However there has not been a clear apology being said by neither of the leaders during their visits. Having the atomic bomb killed or wounded at least 150,000 in Hiroshima and 75,000 in Nagasaki (http://www.aasc.ucla.edu/cab/200708230009.html) , the US president’s responsibility of an apology towards the victims is debated. Ethically, and politically, there are reasons to why the US should, and should not apologise for the decision made in 1945.\nEnvision having to make a decision that could end 220,000 lives. President Truman had to make a decision of this magnitude. On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on the Japanese city, Hiroshima. When Japan did not surrender, the United States dropped another atomic bomb three days later. President Truman made this decision because he believed it would end World War II, which it did.\nThe Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki In an attempt to end World War II early, Harry Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in order to save thousands of American lives at any cost. It has been categorized as the current deadliest bomb at that time, bringing terror to everyone and killing about 220,000 people, most of them innocent in both cities combined. During the war, the U.S. had lost a few battles against Japan, also losing thousands of American lives. And if the U.S. wouldn’t have dropped that bomb who knows maybe thousands of more American lives could have been lost and god knows when World War II would end.\nThe Decision to Drop the Bomb In the Battle of Okinawa 1941, Japanese Kamikaze suicide pilots targeted the US in Hawaii’s Pearl Harbor. Over 2,400 American and British lives were taken from this world, an additional 1,178 wounded. The President of the United States, Harry Truman, was faced with an ethical dilemma of whether to use the atomic bomb against Japan that could end WWII. My goal is to try to answer this moral question using the philosophical views on the morality of Held, Kant, Aristotle, and Mill.\nThe Japanese military still refused to give up their fight in World War II. Harry S. Truman was the President of the United States of America. These two countries had been fighting for four years, and Truman was pressed with a decision to use one of the most massive bombs known. The American forces had already invaded Okinawa, and Iwo Jima, but the Japanese military had over 2 million soldiers. Americans had asked Japan to surrender, and if they refused it would result in destruction.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "- Is Chernobyl elephant’s foot?\n- How many people did Chernobyl kill?\n- How did Chernobyl affect animals?\n- Is Chernobyl reactor 4 still burning?\n- Was Fukushima worse than Chernobyl?\n- Did they really kill dogs in Chernobyl?\n- Who photographed the elephant’s foot?\n- Why did Valery hang himself?\n- Will Chernobyl ever be habitable?\n- Is the Chernobyl reactor still hot?\n- Is anyone still alive from Chernobyl?\n- Is Chernobyl abandoned?\n- Did Chernobyl kill animals?\n- Did Chernobyl Cause Birth Defects?\n- Is Chernobyl safe now?\nIs Chernobyl elephant’s foot?\nThe Elephant’s Foot was created after the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 when reactor 4 exploded, releasing a lava-like mass of radioactive material called corium.\nIn April 1986, the world experienced its worst nuclear disaster yet when a reactor at the Chernobyl power plant in Pripyat, Ukraine, erupted..\nHow many people did Chernobyl kill?\n31 peopleDeaths from Chernobyl 31 people died as a direct result of the Chernobyl accident; two died from blast effects and a further 29 firemen died as a result of acute radiation exposure (where acute refers to infrequent exposure over a short period of time) in the days which followed.\nHow did Chernobyl affect animals?\nAccording to a 2001 study in Biological Conservation, Chernobyl-caused genetic mutations in plants and animals increased by a factor of 20. Among breeding birds in the region, rare species suffered disproportional effects from the explosion’s radiation compared to common species.\nIs Chernobyl reactor 4 still burning?\nEarly in the morning of April 26, 1986, the fourth reactor exploded at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine. 34 years later, Chernobyl radioactivity is still circulating. They are now the biggest fires ever recorded in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. …\nWas Fukushima worse than Chernobyl?\nBoth of these accidents released radiation; their impacts were far-reaching and long-lasting. Only one reactor exploded at Chernobyl, while three reactors experienced meltdowns at Fukushima. … And Chernobyl released far more cesium-137 than Fukushima did, according to Lyman.\nDid they really kill dogs in Chernobyl?\nLikely figuring some might have thought he played up this tragic scene for more drama, one of Chernobyl’s creators, Craig Mazin, addressed the show’s dog deaths on Twitter on the same day the episode aired. “I know that was hard. Just so there’s no confusion— the story of the liquidators is real. It happened.\nWho photographed the elephant’s foot?\nNow in his late 60s, Korneyev no longer visits the Elephant’s Foot, having been banned after years of irradiation. But the photograph of him standing beside the Corium spewing from the pipe remains one of the most interesting images of the Chernobyl disaster.\nWhy did Valery hang himself?\nHe was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow. This was not Legasov’s first suicide attempt. David R. Marples has suggested that the adversity of the Chernobyl disaster on Legasov’s psychological state was the factor that led to his decision to die by suicide.\nWill Chernobyl ever be habitable?\nMore than 30 years on, scientists estimate the zone around the former plant will not be habitable for up to 20,000 years. The disaster took place near the city of Chernobyl in the former USSR, which invested heavily in nuclear power after World War II.\nIs the Chernobyl reactor still hot?\nThe corium of the Elephant’s Foot might not be as active as it was, but it’s still generating heat and still melting down into the base of Chernobyl. Should it manage to find water, another explosion could result. Even if no explosion occurred, the reaction would contaminate the water.\nIs anyone still alive from Chernobyl?\nContrary to reports that the three divers died of radiation sickness as a result of their action, all three survived. Shift leader Borys Baranov died in 2005, while Valery Bespalov and Oleksiy Ananenko, both chief engineers of one of the reactor sections, are still alive and live in the capital, Kiev.\nIs Chernobyl abandoned?\nChernobyl (/tʃɜːrˈnoʊbəl/, UK: /tʃɜːrˈnɒbəl/), also known as Chornobyl (Ukrainian: Чорнобиль, romanized: Chornobyl’; German: Tschornobyl or Tschernobyl; Polish: Czarnobyl), is a partially abandoned city in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, situated in the Ivankiv Raion of northern Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine.\nDid Chernobyl kill animals?\nA large swath of pine forest killed by acute radiation was named the Red Forest. The dead pines were bulldozed and buried. Livestock were removed during the human evacuations. … Animals living in contaminated areas in and around Chernobyl have suffered from a variety of side effects caused by radiation.\nDid Chernobyl Cause Birth Defects?\nChildren are still being born with severe birth defects and rare types of cancer in areas near to Chernobyl, according to a British charity, three decades on from the world’s worst civil nuclear disaster.\nIs Chernobyl safe now?\nDespite all the effort invested in the area to make Chernobyl safe, its clean-up still continues today as scientists from the State Radiation Ecological Reserve frequently test radiation levels to check whether people and wildlife can safely return to the area again.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "It is the purpose of this standard to establish functional design requirements of safety related structures, systems and components to provide a degree of assurance that boiling water reactor plants will be designed and constructed so that they can be operated without undue risk to the health and safety of the public. It is intended that this objective be accomplished in this standard by defining existing practices which are consistent with the licensing requirements of the NRC and with appropriate industry codes.\n- ANSI Approved\n- Number of Pages:\n- File Size:\n- 1 file , 48 MB\n- This product is unavailable in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Online Fuel Inspection\nA Proven Method\n- A proven on-line method for identifying fuel failures in boiling water reactors\n- Potential for avoiding costly ($3 to $8 million) plant shut down\n- Offers off gas activity reduction through local power suppression\nRSI's patented method for precise fuel rod leak detection has been established as \"the state-of-the-art\" methodology. It is a proven technology having been successfully used at many BWR's. The method is fast, reliable and can be applied with minimal impact on normal plant operations. RSI's team has the ability to quickly respond when the first sign of a potential leak is observed by a plant. The RSI method enables a plant to avoid a costly shutdown or long-term operation at reduced power levels.\nFailure of fuel cladding in a BWR has been an industry problem for many years. These failures have been primarily caused by one of three mechanisms: debris (fretting), manufacturing defect, or the interaction of the fuel pellet and the rod inner cladding surface.\nAmeliorating the effects of fuel cladding failure by early detection has the potential for saving a utility millions of dollars during a fuel cycle. In addition, with early detection larger secondary ruptures of the cladding may be avoided. Fuel vendors have determined that the best way to prevent the onset of a secondary failure is early identification of the primary leak and power suppression for the associated cell containing the leaking fuel bundle.\nTraditionally, there have been two methods to detect leaks while the plant is still operating. The first method is to use the station offgas radiation monitors to observe changes while control rods are manipulated. This method is useful for large leak rates, but if the leak is very small, the change in offgas radiation levels may go undetected. In addition, the fuel vendors suggest reducing plant power to about 65% to prevent power spiking within a cell during rod manipulation testing. This power reduction further reduces the ability of the station radiation monitors to detect small leaks.\nThe second method involves obtaining samples of the offgas and analyzing them in the station laboratory. This method can be quite time consuming as the analyses must be delayed to allow the overwhelming radioactive nitrogen and oxygen components to decay. Furthermore, sample acquisition must be precisely timed to any control rod movement because only a relatively small sample of the total offgas flowing stream (15 cc) is sampled.\nRSI’s proven method for detecting leaking fuel rods involves manipulating the control rod in the area of the suspected leaking fuel rod. The variation in power in the associated fuel causes a change in the internal energy of the rod, forcing or allowing any gases inside the cladding to escape through the failure point. These gases are sampled and analyzed for specific indication of the leaking fuel.\nA special chamber fitted with a shielded and collimated gamma spectroscopy detector is installed in the plant's offgas sample line. By detecting the various gamma ray energies, the precise composition of the offgas stream is determined. The observed changes in the composition and quantities of the fission gases during control rod manipulation in a fuel cell (four fuel assemblies plus one control rod) can be used to determine whether or not a leaking fuel assembly exists. For example, there are six gamma emitting fission gases of particular interest. Measuring the yield (relative amounts produced) and distribution of these gases, allows the magnitude and characteristics of a leak to be determined. This accurate methodology allows for quantitative measurement of all the gases in the offgas stream. Therefore, fast and reliable determination of the precise location of a leaking assembly can be made.\nWhile the testing sequence is being performed, real time assessment of the analytical data is performed for immediate feedback to the plant. Thus, the sequencing can be optimized to isolate the leaking fuel assembly and return the plant to full power operation as rapidly as possible. Testing an entire core can be done for most plants in about 60 hours by structuring the test sequence to include multiple control rod movements.\nBy accurately identifying and suppressing a leaking assembly(s) using the proven RSI technology, a utility can avoid costly unplanned shutdowns, saving from $3 to $8 million dollars . On-line identification of the defective cells can also assist in limiting the scope of future fuel off-load and sipping operations. Moreover, successful suppression of failed fuel assemblies allows for continued operation at 100% power.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "At the International Atomic Energy Agency general conference in Vienna representatives of Uzbekistan issued a statement which said discussions had begun to sign commercial contracts for the building of a plant.\nThe statement said Uzbekistan is building capacity for the use of nuclear technology and science in its universities.\nIt said Uzbekistan is working hard to join the Vienna Convention on Civil Responsibility for Nuclear Damage. “The depository for the Convention is the IAEA and shows Uzbekistan is committed to adhering to best practice international standards in this area.”\nUzbekistan has formally asked the IAEA for an Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) to assess its infrastructure for the introduction of nuclear power. A meeting will be held in the Uzbek capital Tashkent next month, in conjunction with the IAEA, to prepare for the review.\nEnergy minister Alisher Sultanov told the general conference that “nuclear energy will play a core role in ensuring the energy security of Uzbekistan for years to come”.\nRussian state nuclear corporation Rosatom has said it will build two Generation III+ VVER 1,200-MW plants in Uzbekistan with the first unit to begin commercial operation by 2028.\nIn September 2018 Russia and Uzbekistan signed a preliminary agreement to cooperate on the construction of a nuclear power station in Uzbekistan.\nIn May 2019 they signed a contract to perform engineering surveys at a proposed site for the country’s first commercial nuclear power plant.\nRoatom said the contract would allow survey work to start at the site, in the Forish district in the region of Jizzakh, southwest of Tashkent.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Rolls-Royce, a British engineering company, is developing a nuclear reactor that could be used to power a moon base. The company is working on the project in partnership with the UK Space Agency and the European Space Agency (ESA).\nThe news about Rolls-Royce developing a nuclear reactor for a moon base has been making headlines. People around the world are curious to know more about this project, which could be an important stepping stone in our journey towards space exploration and colonization. Here are all the details you need to know about this ambitious project.\nHere are the details of the project:\n1. The reactor is called the “KiloPower” reactor and it is a small, lightweight nuclear reactor that can generate up to 10 kilowatts of electrical power continuously for at least 10 years.\n2. The Rolls-Royce team is currently in the development phase, where they are designing the reactor and its components to ensure safety and reliability. The reactor is expected to be operational by 2025, with the lunar base being up and running shortly afterwards.\n3. The Rolls-Royce team has already started testing the reactor on Earth, where they are assessing its performance in a simulated lunar environment. This is an important step in the development process as it will help to ensure that the reactor can withstand the extreme temperatures and radiation of space.\n4. The reactor will be built to withstand the harsh conditions of space and will be able to operate autonomously with minimal maintenance.\n5. The team is also working on advanced control systems for the reactor, which will allow it to be monitored from Earth. This is a crucial feature since maintenance of the reactor will be difficult in an environment like space.\n6. The KiloPower reactor will be used to power a moon base that is being developed by ESA. The base, which is currently in the planning stages, will be used for scientific research and exploration.\n7. The reactor will be transported to the moon by a spacecraft and will be installed on the surface of the moon by a robotic rover.\n8. The reactor will be powered by uranium-235, which is a type of nuclear fuel that is commonly used in nuclear power plants on Earth.\n9. The reactor will not produce any greenhouse gases or other pollutants, making it a clean and sustainable source of energy for the moon base.\n10. The development of the KiloPower reactor is part of a broader effort to establish a sustained human presence on the moon and to eventually send humans to Mars.\nOverall, the development of the KiloPower reactor is an exciting development in the field of space exploration and could help pave the way for future missions to the moon and beyond.\nRolls-Royce’s nuclear reactor is an important step in humanity’s journey to explore and colonize the moon. It is a complex project, but Rolls-Royce has the expertise and experience to make it happen. With their help, we could soon be living on the moon!", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Texas – A state report is recommending that Texas legislators clarify the funding method for a commission that oversees low-level radioactive waste disposal in Texas.\nThe recently released Sunset Advisory Commission report says legislators need to establish a dedicated fund so that the low-level compact panel has money to operate. Currently, the Texas Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Compact Commission and its eight members are reimbursed for expenses through a contract with the state's environmental regulatory agency.\nThe compact commission earlier this month voted to publish rules that if adopted will be used to consider on a case-by-case basis low-level waste from 36 other states that would be buried at a privately run facility in West Texas near the New Mexico border.\nThe compact commission is not a state agency.\nCopyright 2010 The Associated Press.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Tetra Tech has provided multi-discipline engineering, consulting, and licensing services to clients in the commercial nuclear industry for the past 40 years. Tetra Tech has internationally recognized credentials in the areas of nuclear licensing, analysis, regulatory program support, design, and project management, as well as expertise in many other areas. We are able to harness the services and skill sets as part of the broader Tetra Tech, with more than 14,000 staff in 350 offices worldwide.\ntoday to find out what we can do for you and your project.\nOur nuclear expertise provides insights into the challenges and difficulties being faced by the operators and support crews at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station as they recover from the effects of an earthquake, tsunami, and the resulting extended loss of external ac power to the six nuclear units. At the same time, we recognize the robust nature of commercial nuclear power plants in areas of:\n- defense-in-depth (multiple barriers to fission product release),\n- redundant safety systems with appropriate diversity,\n- margin in design to allow safety functional performance in beyond design basis scenarios,\n- operator and emergency planning training in beyond design basis scenarios, and\n- flexibility to address all manners of externally induced severe accident events.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "From Professor Melanie Brownridge, NDA Technology and Innovation Director Last month I attended the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) Conference on Nuclear Decommissioning in Vienna. The event brought together around 450 decommissioning experts from around the world to discuss achievements, …\nRWM’s Principal Geoscience Manager Sally Thompson and Stakeholder Engagement Manager Jane Cantwell visited Switzerland’s Mont Terri underground rock laboratory to join international colleagues in marking the 25th anniversary of this pioneering facility for research into geological disposal.\nOn World Digital Preservation Day tomorrow, Jenny Mitcham, Head of Good Practice and Standards for the Digital Preservation Coalition, is spreading the word about digital preservation. Here, she reflects on her work for the NDA and provides an update on progress.\nThe NDA and two of its major contractors are sharing experience gained at Dounreay to help dismantle an experimental fast breeder reactor in Japan. Commercial manager Sarah Groves discusses the work, and how it’s helping to foster dialogue between the two communities.\nThe NDA’s National Waste Inventory Manager Hannah Paterson reflects on a recent international meeting to discuss status and trends in radioactive waste management.\nMarie Berggren, from the Swedish municipality of Östhammar, shares her thoughts on the journey her community has taken within the Swedish geological disposal programme.\nAs the final instalment of Sky TV’s powerful Chernobyl drama came to an end, scientist Dr Claire Corkhill welcomes the interest it’s sparked in nuclear and says we need to talk more openly about the industry's global legacy.\nNDA Inventory Manager, Martin James, outlines how international nuclear agencies are working together to report, for the first time, on global trends in how radioactive waste and spent fuels are managed.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "It has been 33 years since the Chernobyl disaster – the worst nuclear catastrophe in human history.\nSubscribe to our channel here: https://goo.gl/31Q53F\nIn the early hours of 26 April 1986, one of four nuclear reactors at the Chernobyl power station exploded. Chernobyl is north of Kiev, Ukraine.\nSince the explosion an area of more than 4,000 square kilometres has been abandoned.\nThere is no official account of how many died and suffered as a result of the meltdown, and the health implications of the disaster have long been debated.\nNewsnight is the BBC’s flagship news and current affairs TV programme – with analysis, debate, exclusives, and robust interviews.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "ArmInfo.At a meeting of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, an appeal was made demanding that the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) take measures regarding the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant in Armenia, located 16 km from the borders of Turkey. This was reported by the Turkish Anadolu Agency.\nThe Turkish Parliament emphasizes that the nuclear power plant, due to the end of its operational life, poses a danger to the entire region.\nThe Petitions Commission of the Turkish Parliament, which analyzes petitions and complaints submitted to parliament from citizens, received a request to take action against the risks posed by nuclear power plants. The response noted that the city of Igdir has developed a Radiation Emergency Action Plan, defining the principles of planning and action in the event of a radiation emergency that could cause health consequences for people outside the nuclear installation site or in Igdir.\nThe response from the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs recalls that the Metsamor nuclear power plant is under the supervision of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).\nThe Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the TR emphasizes that the IAEA and the European Union have determined that the safety state of the plant does not meet modern technical standards. The agency continues to work to correct safety deficiencies related to the plant's structural deficiencies. IAEA staff periodically conduct visits and inspections to Armenia, and after each safety mission a detailed report is compiled. The Turkish Foreign Ministry emphasizes that the closure of the nuclear power plant is the exclusive responsibility of Armenia. However, review meetings of the Nuclear Safety Convention, to which Armenia is a party, the Nuclear Safety Conference and other relevant forums emphasize that the nuclear power plant is located in a region prone to natural disasters. \"The nuclear power plant was built very close to our border and is a facility operated using old technology. The station represents a risk factor for the entire region. Our country speaks about these risks both at the IAEA general conferences and when making the necessary appeal to the international community. Our region and the world cannot afford a second Chernobyl. Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant must be closed. In this regard, this problem will continue to be under the close attention of our country,\" the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.\nCommenting on this requirement, Doctor of Political Sciences, President of the Energy Security Institute Vahe Davtyan noted that the IAEA is an organization within the UN system. \"The same UN that actually legitimized the crime committed by Azerbaijanis in Artsakh. The Armenian nuclear power plant has been under the radar of Baku and Ankara since 1995, when the second power unit of the station was restarted. During these years, Turkish-Azerbaijani propaganda spared no effort and energy for anti-nuclear lobbying. It has been repeatedly stated about the environmental risks of the station, the spread of cancer in Turkish settlements in the border zone, and even about children born with anomalies. Yerevan has always easily refuted this nonsense at the scientific, political and public levels. Today, more than favorable conditions have been created for the implementation of Ankara's strategy. Taking into account the liberalization of the Armenian electricity market, the mothballing of nuclear power plant could make Armenia an electricity importing country. At the same time, we may lose the strategic status of the only country developing a \"peaceful atom\" in space. It should also be recalled that Turkey is currently building a huge nuclear complex, and Baku is negotiating with Rosatom on the construction of the first nuclear power plant in Azerbaijan. The mothballing of the Armenian nuclear power plant can seriously affect the safety of our energy sector and national security as a whole,\" Davtyan emphasized.\nIn September of this year, the RA government decided to re-extend the operating life of the second power unit of the Armenian NPP. According to Gera Sevikyan, Advisor to the Director General of the Armenian NPP, the project will require about $150 million.\nIt is planned that about 45-50 million dollars of this amount will be allocated in the form of a Russian loan, and the rest will be drawn from the state budget. At The station is currently undergoing a comprehensive inspection of major equipment and components as part of scheduled maintenance, but there is no talk yet of concluding agreements with suppliers of equipment and services.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Iran halts some commitments under nuclear deal\nIran has officially stopped some commitments under a 2015 nuclear deal with world powers following an order from its national security council, an informed official in the country’s atomic energy body told the ISNA news agency on Wednesday.\nLast week, Iran notified China, France, Germany, Russia and the United Kingdom of its decision to halt some commitments under the nuclear deal, a year after the United States unilaterally withdrew from the accord and re-imposed sanctions.\nUnder the nuclear deal, Tehran was allowed to produce low-enriched uranium with a 300-kg limit, and produce heavy water with a stock capped around 130 tonnes. Tehran could ship the excess amounts out of the country for storage or sale.\nThe official said Iran has no limit from now for production of enriched uranium and heavy water.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Why is the US in conflict with Iran?\nThe United States attributes the worsening of relations to the 197981 Iran hostage crisis, Iran’s repeated human rights abuses since the Islamic Revolution, and its growing influence in the Middle East. Since 1995, the United States has had an embargo on trade with Iran.\nWhat is the conflict between Iran and US 2020?\nThe U.S. and Iran nearly entered into an open conflict on 8 January 2020 when the IRGC launched missile attacks against two U.S./Iraqi military bases housing U.S. soldiers in retaliation for the killing of Soleimani, a rare direct IranU.S. confrontation and the closest to the brink of war between the two nations in …\nWhat was the agreement between us and Iran?\nThe Iran nuclear deal framework was a preliminary framework agreement reached in 2015 between the Islamic Republic of Iran and a group of world powers: the P5+1 (the permanent members of the United Nations Security Councilthe United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, France, and Chinaplus Germany) and the European …\nDid us kill Iranian nuclear scientist?\nAccording to NBC, two US senior officials confirmed that the People’s Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) was “financed, trained, and armed by Israel” in killing Iranian nuclear scientists, although a Senior State Department Official later confirmed that they never said that the MEK was involved in the assassinations of Iranian …\nWho was assassinated?\nFour sitting presidents have been killed: Abraham Lincoln (1865), James A. Garfield (1881), William McKinley (1901), and John F. Kennedy (1963). Additionally, two presidents have been injured in attempted assassinations: Theodore Roosevelt (1912; former president at the time) and Ronald Reagan (1981).\nDoes Iran have nukes?\nIran is not known to currently possess weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and has signed treaties repudiating the possession of WMDs including the Biological Weapons Convention, the Chemical Weapons Convention, and the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).\nWhen did the Iran deal start?\nThe Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA; Persian: برنامه جامع اقدام مشترک, romanized: barnāmeye jāme’e eqdāme moshtarak (برجام, BARJAM)), known commonly as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal, is an agreement on the Iranian nuclear program reached in Vienna on , between Iran and the P5+1 (the five …\nWho gave Iran nuclear technology?\nIran’s nuclear program was launched in the 1950s with the help of the United States as part of the Atoms for Peace program. The participation of the United States and Western European governments in Iran’s nuclear program continued until the 1979 Iranian Revolution that toppled the last Shah of Iran.\nWhat did the Iran nuclear deal do?\nCurrently, Iran has a uranium stockpile to create 8 to ten nuclear bombs. But thanks to this nuclear deal, Iran must reduce its stockpile of uranium by 98%, and will keep its level of uranium enrichment at 3.67% — significantly below the enrichment level needed to create a bomb.\nWhen did Iran start enriching uranium?\n2012. January 2012: Iran announced it had begun uranium enrichment at the Fordu facility near Qom. The IAEA confirmed Iran started the production of uranium enriched to 20%.\nIs Iran rich in uranium?\nUranium. Iran is believed to have large reserves of uranium to use as nuclear fuel in different parts of Iran including Bandar Abbas, Yazd, North Khorasan and Iranian Azerbaijan.\nWho supplied Iran with uranium?\nNovember 1967: Iran’s first nuclear reactor, the U.S. supplied five-megawatt Tehran Research Reactor (TRR) goes critical. It operates on uranium enriched to about 93 percent (it is converted to run on 20 percent in 1993,) which the United States also supplies.\nWhy is it so hard to enrich uranium?\nBefore the uranium can be used in nuclear reactors or atomic bombs, it has to be enriched. This is because natural uranium contains too little uranium-235, the form of uranium that is easily split to release energy in the process known as fission.\nWho has hydrogen bomb?\nOnly six countries—United States, Russia, United Kingdom, China, France, and India—have conducted thermonuclear weapon tests. Whether India has detonated a “true” multi-staged thermonuclear weapon is controversial. North Korea claims to have tested a fusion weapon as of January 2016, though this claim is disputed.\nWhy is U 238 not used as a fuel?\nUranium-235 (natural abundance 0.71%) is very scarce and difficult to separate from uranium-238 (natural abundance 99.28%). The much more abundant uranium-238 does not undergo fission and therefore cannot be used as a fuel for nuclear reactors.\nHow much uranium is in a nuke?\nNuclear weapons typically use a concentration of more than 90 percent uranium-235. 15 kilograms: weight of a solid sphere of 100 percent uranium-235 just large enough to achieve a critical mass with a beryllium reflector.\nWill we ever run out of uranium?\nIf the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has accurately estimated the planet’s economically accessible uranium resources, reactors could run more than 200 years at current rates of consumption. Taking both steps would cut the uranium requirements of an LWR in half.\nWhich country has the most nuclear weapons?\nCountries with most nuclear warheads: US is not No 1; with 135 weapons India at 7th spotThe world’s nuclear-armed countries possess a combined total of nearly 14,000 nuclear warheads with more than 90 percent belonging only to Russia and the United States. No 9 | North Korea: 15 nuclear warheads. (\nWhich is better plutonium or uranium?\nPlutonium-239, the isotope found in the spent MOX fuel, is much more radioactive than the depleted Uranium-238 in the fuel. Plutonium emits alpha radiation, a highly ionizing form of radiation, rather than beta or gamma radiation.\nWhat will happen if you touch uranium?\nUranium in its natural state is 99.3% U-238 isotope, which has a very long half life and hence decays very slowly. Also, while it decays it emits alpha radiation, which can be easily blocked by a piece of paper or your skin. So nothing is going to happen if you touch it.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Development of sampling devices and analytical methods for nuclear monitoring activities (2022)\nThe primary objective of our research development project is to develop world-class monitoring techniques (sampling, sample preparation and measurement) to investigate the atmospheric and groundwater transport of radioisotopes that are most likely to be released in connection with the operation of nuclear and isotope-application facilities and that are relevant to the long-term safety of radioactive waste repositories.\nNuclear measurement capacity development at Isotoptech Zrt. (2022)\nThe aim of the project is to purchase new measuring equipment to improve the technological development in the field of radioanalytics, which will allow us to increase the service level of the laboratory. To achieve this, we also plan to improve human resources and organisational structure, and to use renewable energy to increase production stability.\nAcquisition and further development of Ortinno Hip&Knee medical devices know-how (2021)\nThe objective of the project is to establish a development and production capacity that will ensure the possibility of mass production of the Ortinno Hip&Knee device and its further development to meet specific needs.\nDevelopment and implementation of activities for the pre-disposal management of radioactive waste.\nEuroplanet aims to bring together research institutions and companies active in planetary science from Europe and beyond. Planetary science covers not only our solar system, but also planetary systems around other stars.\nEstablishment of an International Radiocarbon AMS Competence and Training (INTERACT) Center (2020)\nIsotoptech Zrt. participates as a member of the consortium led by the Institute of Nuclear Sciences. The theoretical and technical knowledge possessed by both parties will provide an excellent basis for the establishment of an internationally competitive AMS C-14 competence center…\nProcurement of water cutting equipment (2016)\nThe water cutting equipment is primarily required for the production of vacuum technical elements (flanges, end plates) and special devices for the manufacture of structural elements of large thickness.\nDevelopment of high-precision noble gas analytical methods (2016)\nThanks to the grant, a Thermo® HELIX SFT type high-precision noble gas mass spectrometer was installed in our laboratory and one of the most challenging and demanding gas handling and injection system was built.\nProcurement of analytical measuring instruments (2011)\nProcurement of analytical measuring instruments – GOP-2.1.1-11/A-2011-1004 ISOTOPTECH Zrt. purchased two pieces of equipment within the framework of the tender: 1 piece of TitrIC 7 ion chromatograph and 1 piece of UV-2600 UV/VIS spectrophotometer.\nProcurement of measuring instruments (2009)\nThe objective of the grant is to purchase an AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometer).\nDevelopment of sample digestion and preparation systems and measurement methods (2009)\nThe objective of the grant is to establish a sample preparation laboratory for the operation of the AMS mass spectrometer. The most important equipment for the sample preparation laboratory was purchased and several self-developed devices were built.\nSocial Monitoring, Information and Community Development Partnership (TEIT)\nSince the 1990s, MVM Paks Nuclear Power Plant Ltd. has installed background radiation measuring and display equipment in the municipalities of the TEIT with the aim of allaying the fears of people living near the plant about radiation and building confidence in the safe operation of MVM Paks Nuclear Power Plant Ltd.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "MEDIA ADVISORY & PHOTO OPPORTUNITY\nThe School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Pennsylvania is hosting an energy roundtable with speakers Bernard Bigot, high commissioner to the French Atomic Energy Commission, and Arnold Thackray, chancellor of the Chemical Heritage Foundation.\nThe French Atomic Energy Commission focuses on managing nuclear waste and designing fourth-generation, more efficient nuclear reactors as well as looking at materials that may use reactors for producing hydrogen and synthetic hydrocarbons.\nThe discussion will focus on nanoscale materials, devices and simulations that may impact nuclear- and alternative-energy technologies and opportunities to develop institutional partnerships and exchange.\nFriday, Nov. 21, noon-1:30 p.m.\nRaisler Lounge, 2nd Floor, Towne Hall, 220 S. 33rd St.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Nuclear Reactor Regulation branch of the NRC notified Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant officials Monday afternoon the plant’s extended power uprate license amendment had been approved.\nXcel Energy issued the following statement and information in a news release Tuesday afternoon:\nThe federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission has approved Xcel Energy’s application to increase output at Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant to 671 megawatts from 600 megawatts.\n“The Monticello nuclear plant currently generates about 10 percent of the electricity we provide customers in our Upper Midwest service territory, and it’s carbon-free energy,” said Dave Sparby, president and CEO, Northern States Power Co.-Minnesota, an Xcel Energy company. “The increased output will provide additional low-cost energy to our customers.”\nKaren Fili, site vice president at Monticello, thanked plant employees for their effort in attaining the milestone. “This is good news for our customers, for the Monticello community and for all Monticello plant employees,” she said.\nWithin about a month, plant operators will begin slowly increasing power at small intervals to ensure everything is operating as designed.\nIn addition to the license amendment, Xcel Energy awaits an NRC decision in spring 2014 that will allow more operator flexibility before the plant ascends to the full 671 megawatts.\nThe Monticello plant, began operation in 1970 under a 40-year license from the NRC. The NRC subsequently approved a 20-year operating license extension. The plant currently generates enough electricity to power nearly a half-million homes.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Department of Energy s (DOE) Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program is a five year effort which works to develop the fundamental scientific basis to understand, predict, and measure changes in materials and systems, structure, and components as they age in environments associated with continued long-term operations of existing commercial nuclear power reactors. This year, the Materials Aging and Degradation (MAaD) Pathway of this program has placed emphasis on emerging Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) methods which support these objectives. DOE funded Research and Development (R&D) on emerging NDE techniques to support commercial nuclear reactor sustainability is expected to begin next year. This summer, the MAaD Pathway invited subject matter experts to participate in a series of workshops which developed the basis for the research plan of these DOE R&D NDE activities. This document presents the results of one of these workshops which are the DOE LWRS NDE R&D Roadmap for Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPV). These workshops made a substantial effort to coordinate the DOE NDE R&D with that already underway or planned by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) through their representation at these workshops.\nDate: September 1, 2012\nCreator: Smith, Cyrus M; Nanstad, Randy K; Clayton, Dwight A; Matlack, Katie; Ramuhalli, Pradeep & Light, Glenn\nThis document presents the results of a study conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory during 2010 to explore the feasibility of small modular fluoride salt-cooled high temperature reactors (FHRs). A preliminary reactor system concept, SmATHR (for Small modular Advanced High Temperature Reactor) is described, along with an integrated high-temperature thermal energy storage or salt vault system. The SmAHTR is a 125 MWt, integral primary, liquid salt cooled, coated particle-graphite fueled, low-pressure system operating at 700 C. The system employs passive decay heat removal and two-out-of-three , 50% capacity, subsystem redundancy for critical functions. The reactor vessel is sufficiently small to be transportable on standard commercial tractor-trailer transport vehicles. Initial transient analyses indicated the transition from normal reactor operations to passive decay heat removal is accomplished in a manner that preserves robust safety margins at all times during the transient. Numerous trade studies and trade-space considerations are discussed, along with the resultant initial system concept. The current concept is not optimized. Work remains to more completely define the overall system with particular emphasis on refining the final fuel/core configuration, salt vault configuration, and integrated system dynamics and safety behavior.\nDate: February 1, 2011\nCreator: Greene, Sherrell R; Gehin, Jess C; Holcomb, David Eugene; Carbajo, Juan J; Ilas, Dan; Cisneros, Anselmo T et al.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Novel Authentication of Monitoring Data Through the use of Secret and Public Cryptographic Keys\nThe Office of Nuclear Verification (ONV) is supporting the development of a piece of equipment to provide data authentication and protection for a suite of monitoring sensors as part of a larger effort to create an arms control technology toolkit. This device, currently called the Red Box, leverages the strengths of both secret and public cryptographic keys to authenticate, digitally sign, and pass along monitoring data to allow for host review, and redaction if necessary, without the loss of confidence in the authenticity of the data by the monitoring party. The design of the Red Box will allow for the addition and removal of monitoring equipment and can also verify that the data was collected by authentic monitoring equipment prior to signing the data and sending it to the host and for review. The host will then forward the data to the monitor for review and inspection. This paper will highlight the progress to date of the Red Box development, and will explain the novel method of leveraging both symmetric and asymmetric (secret and public key) cryptography to authenticate data within a warhead monitoring regime.\n- Publication Date:\n- OSTI Identifier:\n- Report Number(s):\n- DOE Contract Number:\n- Resource Type:\n- Resource Relation:\n- Conference: 55th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM 2014), July 20-24, 2014, Atlanta, Georgia, 1:537-543\n- Institute for Nuclear Materials Management, Deerpark, IL, United States(US).\n- Research Org:\n- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)\n- Sponsoring Org:\n- Country of Publication:\n- United States", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Very fast inorganic crystal scintillators\nFuture HEP experiments at the energy and intensity frontiers require fast inorganic crystal scintillators with excellent radiation hardness to face the challenges of unprecedented event rate and severe radiation environment. This paper reports recent progress in application of very fast inorganic scintillators in future HEP experiments, such as thin layer of LYSO crystals for a shashlik sampling calorimeter and a precision TOF detector proposed for the CMS upgrade at the HL-LHC, undoped CsI crystals for the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab and yttrium doped BaF_2 crystals for the proposed Mu2e-II experiment. Applications for Gigahertz hard X-ray imaging will also be discussed.\nAdditional Information© 2017 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics program under Award Number DE-SC0011925.\nPublished - 103920G.pdf", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "While the UK has embraced Horizon Europe, they’ve chosen a different path regarding Euratom. Instead of rejoining, the UK will direct substantial funding, previously designated for Euratom, towards their domestic fusion energy objectives. This emphasizes their concentrated efforts in advancing fusion energy. As a result, the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) will receive augmented funding, positioning them for a deeper and more impactful collaboration with international partners including the EUROfusion framework. This enables the UKAEA to harness shared research facilities and resources, further driving progress in fusion research.\nThis strategic move enhances not only the EUROfusion programme and the UKAEA but also galvanizes the broader fusion research community. Our unified commitment to propelling fusion as a key sustainable energy solution is emboldened by this renewed partnership. We are eager to embark on this reinvigorated journey, confident in the collective strides we’ll make together.\nRelated news articles", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "V.C. Summer Unit 2: CA05 Module Set\nThe CA05 structural module was placed on the Unit 2 nuclear island on December 6, 2014. The 180,000-pound module consists of reinforced steel plates that will be filled with concrete to provide structural support for the containment building, and the walls of CA05 will separate multiple rooms in the containment building. CA05 forms part of the chemical and volume control system tunnel and passive core cooling system walls within the containment vessel.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "LTP: Laboratory for Particle Physics\nThe Laboratory of Particle Physics (LTP) at the Paul Scherrer Institute pursues fundamental research, addressing some of the most up to date questions in modern, accelerator-based particle physics. read more\nScientific Highlights and News\nA specialSciPost volume, entitled “Review of Particle Physics at PSI”, has recently been completed.\nResearchers are looking for deviations in the current standard model of physics and want to find out how our universe is constructed.\nIn experiments at the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI, an international research collaboration has measured the radius of the atomic nucleus of helium five times more precisely than ever before. The researchers are publishing their results today in the journal Nature.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Atomic bomb essay prompt\nAtomic bomb questions to think about discussion ground rules: please read over the questions if you’d like, add questions in one or more categories. Prompt #3 rhetorical analysis essay emperor hirohito also had to talk about how so many japanese citizens were killed by the atomic bombs dropped on japan’s. Dropping of the atomic bomb the task: each student is to write an essay that answers the question: taking into consideration both the immediate effects as well as. Suggested essay topics and study questions for 's j robert oppenheimer perfect for students who have to write j robert oppenheimer essays the atomic bomb that.\nA major secret to excelling on the sat essay is 6 sat essay examples to answer every prompt the us decided to end the war by dropping two atomic bombs. Prompt and utter destruction: truman and the use of atomic bombs against japan in a brisk “essay on sources,” walker acknowledges his debt to the work of. Need essay sample on decision to drop atomic bomb thesis we will write a cheap essay sample on decision to drop atomic bomb thesis specifically for you for only. S had atomic bombs atomic bomb essay prompt ready so the u. If the atomic bomb had not been used the declaration stated, the alternative for japan is prompt and utter destruction it was not accepted.\nAtomic bomb essay prompt\nPrompt and utter destruction: truman and the use of atomic bombs against japan together with a thorough bibliographical essay at the end. Us dropping of two atomic bombs on japan the hiroshima and nagasaki bombings are some of the historic mid 20th century events and up to date essay prompt 6. Page 2 atomic bomb essay was the dropping of the atomic bombs justified war ends analysis of prompt and utter destruction. Upon reading “prompt and utter destruction: truman and the use of atomic bombs against japan” by j samuel walker, a reader will have a clear understanding of.\nSuggested essay topics and study questions for john hersey's hiroshima perfect for students who have to write hiroshima essays. Document g: the atomic bombing of hiroshima (from http://wwwhiroshima-rememberedcom/history/hiroshima/image4html) this is the mushroom cloud rising over hiroshima, japan the city of hiroshima was the target of the world‟s first atomic bomb attack at 8:16 am on august 6, 1945 the cloud rose to over 60,000 feet in about ten. Part of a detailed lesson plan by bookragscom atomic bomb dbq essay hiroshima essay prompts essay on hiroshima - sunday salon essay on hiroshima. Background essay on decision to drop the atomic bomb belly of the bomber was “little boy,” an atomic bomb the alternative for japan is prompt and utter.\nUpon reading “prompt and utter destruction: truman and the use of atomic bombs against japan” by j samuel walker, a reader will have a clear understanding of both. Atomic bomb essay truman and atomic the atomic bomb was by far the quickest way that america could see for the ending of the war analysis of prompt and. Hiroshima essays prompt one hiroshima was one of the most devastating and profound events in history the atomic bomb to a modern day catastrophe make historical.\nPrompt and utter destruction : truman and the use of atomic bombs against japan. Atomic bombing of hiroshima and nagasaki sat essay prompt response to end the war, the us decided to drop two atomic bombs on japan with no warning. The atomic bomb would end the war and save lives reasons to use the atomic bomb atomic bombing of hiroshima and nagasaki sat essay prompt response. The us decision to drop the atomic bomb on japan by lizzie e clark, tim wharton, stephanie papas, and dave a forrest essay prompt on atomic bombpdf.\nPresident barack obama visits hiroshima today, but will make no apology for the us dropping of the atomic bomb on the city the wsws is republishing an essay that. Argumentative paper atomic bomb wwii stations state and support your position on whether or not the united states should use the atomic bomb against japan. Available in: paperback in this concise account of why america used atomic bombs against japan in 1945, j samuel walker analyzes the reasons behind. Did the usa need to drop bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki in 1945 on the 6th of august 1945, the us dropped an atomic bomb on the japanese city of hiroshima,1ushering. Research paper example essay prompt: after the atomic bomb - 1117 words research paper topics, free essay prompts, sample research papers on after the atomic bomb.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Fundamental Research on Radiochemistry of Geological Nuclear Waste Disposal\nKeywords:Nuclear waste disposal, Radionuclide geochemistry, Radionuclide retention and transport\nAbstractCurrently, 5 · 1019 Bq of radioactive waste originating from the use of nuclear power for energy production, and medicine, industry and research, is maintained in Switzerland at intermediate storage facilities. Deep geological disposal of nuclear waste is considered as the most reliable and sustainable long-term solution worldwide. Alike the other European countries, the Swiss waste disposal concept embarks on the combination of engineered and geological barriers. The disposal cell is a complex geochemical system. The radionuclide mobility and consequently radiological impact depend not only on their chemical speciation but also on the background concentration of other stable nuclides and their behaviour in the natural environment. The safety assessment of the repository is thus a complex multidisciplinary problem requiring knowledge in chemical thermodynamics, structural chemistry, fluid dynamics, geo- and radiochemistry. Broad aspects of radionuclide thermodynamics and geochemistry are investigated in state-of-the-art radiochemical laboratories at the Paul Scherrer Institute. The research conducted over the last 30 years has resulted in a fundamental understanding of the radionuclides release, retention and transport mechanism in the repository system.\nHow to Cite\nS. V. Churakov, W. Hummel, M. M. Fernandes, Chimia 2020, 74, 1000, DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2020.1000.\nCopyright (c) 2020 Sergey V. Churakov, Wolfgang Hummel, Maria Marques Fernandes\nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "After a profound analysis of scientific evidence in recent years, it has been found that the risk to human health when exposed to radon is 2 times greater than previously thought.\nOn this basis, the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) changed the value for the reference level of radon in homes from 600 Bq/m3 to 300 Bq/m3. This represents a significant step forward in the development of a coherent radiation protection system.\nThe new Directive explicitly sets out the control of the living environment related to the safety of the population and its risk groups. For the first time, it brings together all radiation sources, including the control of natural radionuclides, including the control of radon radiation in residential and public buildings as well as in the workplace.\nThe Directive follows the recommendations of international standards for radiation protection in requiring member states to develop National Action Plans to address long-term radon exposure risks. One of the key requirements is to identify areas where the concentration of radon (in average annual values) in a significant number of buildings is expected to exceed the relevant national reference level.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Identification and quantitative determination of carbohydrate molecules in Greek honey by employing 13C NMR spectroscopy†\nA methodology based on 13C NMR spectroscopy was employed to detect and quantify fourteen mono-, di- and trisaccharide molecules in authentic Greek honey samples with no prior separation. Unambiguous assignment of 13C NMR chemical shifts has been achieved by means of two-dimensional NMR techniques using sugar model compounds. The quantitative 13C NMR method was rigorously validated (accuracy, linearity, range, limit of detection, etc.) using either single sugar molecules, or artificial mixtures of isoglucose (glucopyranose and fructose) and global mixtures of fourteen model compounds. Subsequent integration of appropriate signals in the 13C NMR spectra allowed the quantification of these compounds. The present methodology has been applied to authentic Greek honey samples and provided quantitative results for 28 sugar tautomers. The observed differentials in the content of these biomarkers amongst the various honey samples of different botanical origins are expected to form the basis for the development of a sensitive method that can be used to obtain valuable information about the authenticity of honey.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Rosatom and the Government of Russia’s Chukotka Autonomous Okrug signed an agreement at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum to co-operate in deployment of a low-power NPP (ASMM) using a Shelf-M reactor plant. The agreement, signed by Rosatom Director General Alexey Likhachev and Chukotka Acting Governor Vladislav Kuznetsov, outlines the procedure for organising interaction for the construction of a ASMM to supply power the Sovinoye gold deposit and Chukotka settlements.\nConstruction of a ASMM with a Shelf-M reactor is a part of a federal project \"New nuclear power industry, including small reactors for remote territories\". This, in turn is part of a comprehensive programme \"Development of engineering, technology & scientific research for the use of atomic energy in the Russian Federation\".\nThe developer of the Shelf-M reactor plant and the general designer is NA Dollezhal Scientific Research & Design Institute of Power Engineering (Nikiet). Rusatom Overseas is responsible for managing the project. The service life of the station is 60 years and the reactor operates for about eight years on a single fuel load. The capacity of the reactor is 35 MWt or 10 MWe. It is planned to complete the technical designs of the reactor plant and the main process equipment by 2024 with the aim of launching operation of the ASMM in 2030.\nThe Sovinoye deposit, off the coast of the Chukchi Sea in the Iultinsky district, is part of the Chaun-Bilibino industrial zone. The deposit was discovered in the 1970s and is the centre of a gold-bearing cluster, where more than 30 placer and base gold deposits have been discovered. Following an auction in 2020, JSC Elkonsky MMC, which is part of the control loop of the Mining Division of Rosatom (Atomredmetzoloto), acquired a licence for geological study, exploration and production of gold at Sovinoye.\n“ASMM projects are of great importance for the socio-economic development of remote and hard-to-reach regions of Russia with a decentralised energy supply,” said Likhachev. “They make it possible to remove infrastructure restrictions, give rise to new promising industrial projects, create new jobs and professions, thereby contributing to economic growth and improving people's lives…. Shelf-M is an expansion of the range of low-power reactors and our capabilities in the use of nuclear energy, an adaptation of technologies to the needs of customers.”\nVladislav Kuznetsov said Chukotka is the flagship for implementation of domestic projects for low-capacity NPPs on its territory. In 1974, the first unit of the Bilibino NPP with a capacity of 12 MWe began operation there and in 2020, the world's only floating NPP, Akademik Lomonosov, was put into operation in the city of Pevek. “This was a landmark event for our district and the entire global nuclear industry,” he noted. “The next step, which we intend to take jointly with Rosatom, is construction of a low-power ground-based NPP based on the Shelf-M reactor plant.”\nDenis Kulikov, Nikiet’s Chief Designer of reactors for low power NPPs said Shelf-M is an integral-type pressurised water reactor. It is 11 metres long with a diameter of 8 metres and the plant overall weighs 370 tonnes. The module can be transported from site to site, for example, on a barge. The fuel will be uranium dioxide in a matrix of silumin (an alloy of aluminium and silicon). The channel-type core layout and fuel composition are similar to those used on nuclear icebreakers.\nRosatom working groups with the administrations of target northern regions have identified possible sites. Work is underway on preliminary design solutions for the NPP in relation to one of the sites. “The preliminary design of the reactor plant should be completed in the summer. Then we will start developing materials for technical projects of the main systems and equipment of the power unit,” Kulikov said.\nTogether with contractors, Nikiet is developing the concept of robotisation of the reactor plant. Personnel access to the containment of the reactor plant during operation impossible is, so many technological operations must be performed by robotic manipulators. It is planned to manufacture mock-ups of critical components of robotic systems and start testing them in a working environment.\n“And the most interesting thing, in my opinion, is remote operator and dispatch control. We will not be able to implement this system in full at the lead NPP, where the operating personnel will work as usual. But after testing the system in a backup mode on the lead unit and confirming its reliability and safety, we hope to make procedural control remote in serial production.”\nShelf-M is capable of operating using natural circulation of the primary coolant at approximately 30% of maximum power level. “We cannot fully ensure circulation only due to natural processes, since the installation must be transported as an assembly, and the reactor must have reasonable overall characteristics from this point of view,” Kulikov explained. “But part of the safety systems are organised using natural circulation - both emergency cooling of the reactor and cooldown do not require power supply systems or pumps.”\nThe number of sites suitable for nuclear power sources with a unit capacity of up to 10 MWe suggests a large demand. Their role in the medium term will be the replacement of exhausted capacities, both nuclear and fossil fuel, and the creation of local generation centres for new industrial facilities in remote areas with no centralised energy supply.\nNext year development of the technical design of the reactor plant and the main equipment of the power unit should be completed. In 2026, the main components and structural elements will undergo testing and in 2027 equipment will be supplied to the site. Physical start-up and commissioning of the lead ASMM with a Shelf-M is planned for 2030. Depending on pilot operation of lead station, construction of the second and subsequent power units could begin in 2032.\nImage: The Shelf-M reactor concept (courtesy of Rosatom)", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The role of fission in the r-process\nZinner, N. T.\nWe have developed a full set of fission rates that include spontaneous fission, neutron-induced fission, beta-delayed fission and, neutrino-induced fission, that are supplemented with realistic distributions of fission yields. Using this new input data we have carried out r-process calculations assuming adiabatic expansions that mimic the conditions achieved in the supernova neutrino driven wind. We have explored the sensitivity of the final abundances to different mass models. The resulting abundance distribution turns out to be very sensitive to the strength of the N = 82 shell gap far from stability. Mass models with a strong shell gap converge to an r-process distribution that is independent of the initial conditions once fission sets in. This convergence is not achieved in mass models with a quenched N = 82 shell gap. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Antihydrogen and Antiprotons\nWe are setting up a continuous coherent source of radiation in the vacuum-ultraviolet at 121.6 nm. Radiation at this wavelength of Lyman-alpha is essential for future laser-cooling of antihydrogen atoms in a magnetic trap.\nExperiment: Magnetic Moment of the Proton\nWe are setting up a Penning-trap experiment to measure the magnetic moment of a single isolated proton.\nConference: Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems (PSAS2006),\" Venice International University, June 12-17, 2006.\nPhysics School: \"Highly Charged Ions and Antiprotons - Atomic physics, fundamental symmetries and interactions,\" Wilhelm and Else Heraeus Physics School, Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, April 4-12, 2008.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "For the latest Slicer documentation, visit the 4.10 page.\nIntroduction and Acknowledgements\nThis work is part of the SparKit project, funded by An Applied Cancer Research Unit of Cancer Care Ontario with funds provided by the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care and the Ontario Consortium for Adaptive Interventions in Radiation Oncology (OCAIRO) to provide free, open-source toolset for radiotherapy and related image-guided interventions.\nThe DoseComparison module computes the difference between two co-registered dose volumes using the gamma dose distribution comparison method. This module uses the gamma Plastimatch algorithm internally.\nComparing dose distributions\nPanels and their use\n- Reference dose volume: Dose distribution used as reference\n- Evaluated dose volume: Dose distribution used as evaluation/compare\n- Mask structure: Segmentation and contained segment whithin which the gamma index is calculated, but not outside (it will be 0)\n- Distance-to-agreement (DTA): Mark dose voxel as failed if closest dose voxel with same value found in distance higher than this threshold, see Low paper below\n- Dose difference criteria: Mark dose voxel as failed if dose difference is equal or greater than this threshold, see Low paper below\n- Maximum value / Custom: Reference dose value for threshold can be either the maximum dose in the dose map, or a custom cGy value\n- Do not calculate gamma values for voxels below (analysis threshold): self-explanatory\n- Use linear interpolation: self-explanatory\n- Upper bound for gamma values: If gamma value would be higher than this value, the value will be set instead\n- Dose threshold on reference only\n- Gamma volume: Output volume to contain gamma map. Needs to be created using the combobox. Name will be automatically filled from the names of the input volumes\n- Low, D. A.; Harms, W. B.; Mutic, S. & Purdy, J. A. A technique for the quantitative evaluation of dose distributions Med. Phys, 1998, 25 (5), 656/6\n- Low, D. A. & Dempsey, J. F. Evaluation of the gamma dose distribution comparison method Med. Phys, 2003, 30 (9), 2455/10\nInformation for Developers", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "ECVET Customised Seminar for the Nuclear Energy Sector\nRome, 12 - 14 November 2014\nThe Institute for Energy and Transport of the Joint Research Centre in collaboration with the ECVET Team of DG EAC is organising the 3rd ECVET Seminar customised for the nuclear energy sector (NES) in order to support and assist the national nuclear E&T networks in setting up a Pilot project on European Credit system for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET) implementation in the nuclear energy sector.\nThis seminar will explore the possibility to set up a pilot project to test the implementation of ECVET in the context of international mobility of learners. The participants will be representatives of national networks willing to participate in such a project.\nDuring the seminar the tools, content, and composition of the project will be devised with the guidance of two ECVET facilitators.\nDeadline: 15 July 2014", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Cheating Scandal at Naval Nuclear Power School\n(Washington, D.C.) Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Jonathan W. Greenert has pledged to take quick action to investigate and correct an alleged cheating scandal among US Naval Nuclear Program Operators.\nAbout 30 of 150 watch-standers at the Navy’s Charleston Nuclear Power Training Unit in South Carolina are being investigated for alleged cheating on a written qualification exam, the chief of naval operations said today.[…]The alleged cheating involved written qualification exams for one watch station. Presumably, someone got hold of an answer sheet and passed it around.\nThe propulsion exam allegedly was shared among some senior enlisted operators of nuclear power plants. Both Greenert and Navy Adm. John M. Richardson, the director of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, stressed that this incident does not touch on nuclear weapons.\n“To say that I’m disappointed would be an understatement,” Greenert, the Navy’s top officer, said. “Whenever I hear about integrity issues, it’s disruptive to our units’ success and it’s definitely contrary to all of our core values -- our Navy core values. And it affects the very basis of our ethos.”", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The radioactive elements in the marine fish caught in the harbor of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan far exceed safety levels for human consumption, according to a report issued by the plant’s operator Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) on Monday. In particular, the data released show that the content of Cs-137, a radioactive element that is a common byproduct in nuclear reactors, is 180 times that of the standard maximum stipulated in Japan’s food safety law.\nCGTN downloaded the English version of the report available on TEPCO’s official website. According to the data, the sampled black rockfish contains the radioactive element Cs-137 with a content of 18,000 becquerels per kilogram. Data available on the website of Fukushima Revitalization Station run by Japan’s Fukushima prefectural government shows that Japan’s current limit of radioactive cesium in general food which contains fish is set at 100 becquerels per kilogram.\nA Chinese news website sina.com.cn quoted experts noting that the radioactive elements in the nuclear wastewater could penetrate into fish, shrimp and other seafood, and later accumulate in the human body after consumption.\nA magnitude 9.0 quake on March 11, 2011, triggered a massive tsunami that destroyed the plant’s power supply and cooling systems, causing reactors No. 1, 2 and 3 to melt and spew large amounts of radiation. Water used to cool the reactors’ cores leaked into the basements of the reactor buildings and mixed with rainwater and groundwater.\nNow, 12 years after the triple reactor meltdowns, Japan is preparing to release the massive amount of treated radioactive wastewater into the sea later this summer.\nTEPCO on Monday started sending seawater into an underwater tunnel to be diluted before releasing the nuclear wastewater into the ocean. The company said that all facilities for the water release system are expected to be completed by the end of this month.\nLocal fishing communities say their businesses and livelihoods will suffer still more damage. Neighboring countries such as China and South Korea and Pacific Island nations have raised safety concerns. Environmental groups including Friends of the Earth oppose the release.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Preparing for disturbances\nIndividuals, operators and the public authorities alike need to be prepared for different types of disturbances. The Health Protection Act specifically assigns municipalities the task of ensuring a healthy and safe living environment for all in the event of disturbances.\nThe municipal health protection authority, operators and other authorities together prepare in advance for various disturbances to prevent, detect and eliminate health detriments. If the situation requires it, the health protection authority will issue the necessary prohibitions and regulations to ensure healthy conditions.\nIn the event of a major disturbance, Valvira or a Regional State Administrative Agency will issue the necessary regulations. The regulations apply to citizens, companies, and the authorities. Such a major disturbance could be an accident at a nuclear power plant. Precautions must also be taken for such an accident, even though it is very unlikely.\nValvira has also drawn up instructions for various drinking water disturbances. Visit our Procedures for securing the quality of drinking water page for instructions concerning drinking water disturbances.\nPreparing for a nuclear or radiation emergency\nIn the event of a nuclear or radiation emergency, it is necessary to prepare for self-protection and cleaning. When it comes to protection and cleaning, you must always follow the instructions of the authorities.\nThere are several guidelines for how to prepare for a nuclear or radiation emergency. Valvira has prepared guidelines for nuclear or radiation emergencies to ensure that drinking water, indoor spaces and the living environment remain safe. In turn, the Finnish Food Authority has drawn up guidelines for nuclear or radiation emergencies to protect foodstuffs and primary production The Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) is Finland’s nuclear and radiation emergencies expert.\nFor example, the municipal health protection authorities ensure that staying in public buildings in a nuclear or radiation emergency will not cause health detriments, and that the use of drinking water is safe.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Catalogs of our main suppliers (ORTEC, FLIR)\nAMETEK ORTEC is the result of the sale of the EG & G ORTEC division to AMETEK. ORTEC is the precursor and leader of nuclear measurement; designer of the first detectors Si(Li) and then HPGe, the company also had the initiative of the first NIM modules.\nORTEC now offers all the elements of implementation for alpha and gamma spectrometers (detectors, electronics, software).\nORTEC is also very present in the nuclear safety with portable gamma and neutron spectrometers for the detection of explosives or chemical gases.\nFLIR’s detection division offers portable solutions adapted to difficult environments for the detection and identification of chemical and radiological threats.\nARKTIS is a Swiss-based company created by former CERN researchers who wanted to introduce new Helium 4 neutron detectors. The company has developed several detection systems for gamma radiation and neutrons applied to nuclear safety (radioprotection vehicle, radioprotection gantry). ARKTIS solutions are characterized by the addition of new technologies (He4 neutron detectors, gamma Helium detectors and Xenon detectors) which greatly reduces the cost of investments and the use of radar protection systems.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Monitoring material changes in the hostile environment of a fusion reactor\nMaterials are widely recognized as one of the critical remaining challenges for making fusion a commercially viable energy source. In a future fusion power plant, the materials surrounding and interacting with the plasma must survive in an extremely hostile environment for up to two years to produce electricity reliably, safely and economically.\nNow, researchers at MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center have demonstrated for the first time a novel diagnostic instrument that can remotely map the composition of material surfaces inside a magnetic fusion device. The measurements can be performed in between successive plasma experiments so researchers can study the evolution of materials over time. This new approach to the study of fusion materials promises to provide scientists with new insights into the dynamic interaction of fusing plasma and its surrounding materials.\nThe challenges to materials from plasma interactions are severe: the erosion of surface material, the mixing of materials to form unintended alloys, and the retention of the plasma fuel. These processes fundamentally modify the properties for which the materials were originally selected, resulting in shortened component lifetime and degraded plasma performance. The dynamic, spatially varying changes to the material surfaces, coupled with the hostile environment inside the magnetic fusion device, present substantial challenges for experimental study in present-day devices.\nTo date, the leading experimental approach has been to remove the materials for study to an offsite, dedicated facility, where the materials are analyzed with high-energy particle beams using a technique known as ion beam analysis (IBA). While providing precise measurements of the material composition and structure, IBA is resource intensive for the fusion facility, requiring time consuming manned access while only providing a \"snapshot\" of the material removed at a single moment in time.\nThe MIT research team led by Professor Dennis Whyte and graduate students Harold Barnard, Zach Hartwig and Brandon Sorbom has, for the first time, performed IBA within a magnetic fusion device. The technique employs a small linear accelerator to inject a beam of charged particles (or ions) into the Alcator C-Mod tokamak between plasma discharges. Because the beam is composed of ions, magnets normally used to confine plasma can be used to steer the beam to different material surfaces. Advanced particle detectors located nearby detect the induced neutron and gamma particles, which can be used to compute the composition of the material surfaces.\nThe first experimental results from the diagnostic will be presented at the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics meeting in Denver in November. Researchers were able to track changes of deuterium, the heavy form of hydrogen fusion fuel, and boron, a protective metallic film that coats the materials, at four different surface locations in response to plasma operation. The measured changes of boron erosion and deposition were in agreement with previous studies, demonstrating that the technique is suitable for studying the dynamic link between plasma conditions and the material response without requiring access to the interior of the device. The ultimate goal of the diagnostic is to routinely measure large fractions of the interior surface in between each plasma discharge, enabling a global understanding of material behavior in fusion systems and providing crucial experimental data for computational models of plasmamaterial interactions.\nThe diagnostic design makes it possible to incorporate into existing fusion facilities with minimal modifications to the fusion device itself. This could allow widespread adoption of such instrumentation as the \"standard\" materials diagnostic for magnetic fusion devices. Perhaps more importantly, the MIT team has demonstrated that IBA of materials can be performed in extremely unfavorable environments outside of dedicated facilities.\nThe technique could be deployed to monitor materials in situations where traditional instrumentation does not work or cannot survive, such as in hazardous nuclear or highvacuum environments.\nAbstract: NI3.00003 The in-situ diagnosis of plasma-wall interactions on magnetic fusion devices with accelerators, Session NI3: Technology and Fundamental Plasma Physics\n9:30 AM-12:30 PM, Wednesday, November 13, 2013 Room: Plaza F\nProvided by American Physical Society", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Factsheets and FAQs\nPolonium-210 (Po-210) is a radioactive element that occurs naturally and is present in the environment at extremely low concentrations.\nPolonium was discovered by Marie Sklodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie in 1898 and was named after Marie's native land of Poland (Latin: Polonia). This element was the first one discovered by them while they were investigating the cause of pitchblende radioactivity.\nIt is a fairly volatile (50% is vaporized in air in 45 hours at 55°C) silvery-grey soft metal.\nPo-210 has a half-life of 138 days. This is the time it takes for the activity to decrease by half due to a process of radioactive decay. Po-210 decays to stable lead-206 by emitting alpha particles, accompanied by very low intensity gamma rays. The majority of the time Po-210 decays by emission of alpha particles only, not by emission of an alpha particle and a gamma ray. Only about one in a 100,000 decays results in the emission of a gamma ray. Alpha spectroscopy is the best method of measuring this isotope.\nBeing produced during the decay of naturally occurring uranium-238, polonium-210 is widely distributed in small amounts in the earth's crust. Although it can be produced by the chemical processing of uranium ores or minerals, uranium ores contain less than 0.1 mg Po-210 per ton. Because Po-210 is produced from the decay of radon-222 gas, it can be found in the atmosphere from which it is deposited on the earth's surface. Although direct root uptake by plants is generally small, Po-210 can be deposited on broad-leaved vegetables. Deposition from the atmosphere on tobacco leaves results in elevated concentrations of Po-210 in tobacco smoke. There are tiny amounts of Po-210 in our bodies.\nPo-210 can be manufactured artificially by irradiating stable bismuth-209 with thermal neutrons resulting in the formation of radioactive Bi-210, which decays (half-life 5 days) into Po-210. Polonium may now be made in milligram amounts in this procedure which uses high neutron fluxes found in nuclear reactors. Only about 100 grams are produced each year, making polonium exceedingly rare.\nPo-210 is used in neutron sources (where it is mixed or alloyed with beryllium). It is also used in devices that eliminate static electricity in machinery where it can be caused by processes such as paper rolling, manufacturing sheet plastics, and spinning synthetic fibres. Brushes containing Po-210 are used to remove accumulated dust from photographic films and camera lenses. Static eliminators typically contain from one to tens of GBq of radioactivity.\nPo-210 emits so many alpha particles each second that the energy released from one gram is 140 watts, and a capsule containing about half a gram will spontaneously reach a temperature of 500°C. As a result it has been used as a lightweight heat source to power thermoelectric cells in satellites. A Po-210 heat source was also used in each of the Lunokhod rovers deployed on the surface of the Moon, to keep their internal components warm during the lunar nights. However, because of its short half-life Po-210 cannot provide power for long-term space missions and has been phased out of use in this application. Polonium is not subject to IAEA safeguards.\nPo-210 is highly radioactive and chemically toxic element. Direct damage occurs from energy absorption into tissues from alpha particles. As an alpha-emitter Po-210 represents a radiation hazard only if taken into the body. It's important to note that alpha particles do not travel very far - no more than a few centimetres in air. They are stopped by a sheet of paper or by the dead layer of outer skin on our bodies. Therefore, external exposure from Po-210 is not a concern and Po-210 does not represent a risk to human health as long as Po-210 remains outside the body. Most traces of it on a person can be eliminated through careful hand-washing and showering.\nPo-210 can enter the body through eating and drinking of contaminated food, breathing contaminated air or through a wound. The biological half-time (the time for the level of Po-210 in the body to fall by half) is approximately 50 days. If taken into the body, Po-210 is subsequently excreted, mostly through faeces but some is excreted through urine and other pathways. People who come into contact with a person contaminated by Po-210 will not be at risk unless they ingest or inhale bodily fluids of the contaminated person.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Atomic Bomb Fat Man\nWingspan: 4 inches\nLength: 6 inches\nThe Fat Man Atomic Bomb was the second and last nuclear bomb that was dropped on the Japanese empire to help end WWII. The plane that carried this bomb to its destination was the B-29 named Bockscar. Plutonium 239 was the nuclear fuel used for the explosion which was only the size of a softball but weighed 13.6 pounds. This atomic bomb was 10 times more powerful than the one dropped on Hiroshima (Little Boy). Fat Man exploded over Nagasaki on August 9, 1945 with an explosive power of 21,000 tons of TNT.\nThis handcrafted model is painstakingly built from Philippine mahogany by our skilled craftsmen with a wealth of detail and makes a great gift for any veteran, aviation enthusiast or history buff.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "SNRIU to Follow SSTC NRS to Implement EDMS\nOn June 22, the State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine hosted a visit by representatives of the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM). The meeting was also attended by experts of the State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety (SSTC NRS).\nThe event involved discussion of the issue important for SNRIU such as enhancement of the regulator’s information security and introduction of the electronic document management system (EDMS) and Knowledge Portal.\nThe meeting was opened by SNRIU Acting Chairman, Borys Stoliarchuk. He pointed out that enhancement of the SNRIU’s information security is of crucial importance in ensuring nuclear and radiation safety of Ukraine.\n“Considering that we have on-site inspectorates at each of the five nuclear power plants in Ukraine and seven regional inspectorates, the introduction of electronic document management system would significantly accelerate the regulator’s activities and save time required to send and approve documents,” noted the Chairman.\nSergiy Kravtsov, Head of the SSTC NRS Information and Technical Department, joined the discussion. He told how SSTC NRS experts introduced the electronic document management system in partnership with the Presidential Administration. “Taking into account that our Center is the only state institution that has ensured successful operation of this EDMS version, has gained extensive experience in this area, and knows the specifics of the SNRIU’s activities, being a technical safety organization for the regulator, I believe that it would be logical to entrust SSTC NRS with EDMS introduction at SNRIU,” he assured.\nOleksandr Ivankov, Head of the SSTC NRS Information and Software and Emergency Response Sector, told about the need to strengthen the SNRIU’s information security and the benefits of introducing the EDMS and Knowledge Portal.\n“SNRIU’s information security system needs to be improved. Introduction of a new system is number one priority. An equally important task is to ensure the preservation of information. The introduction of EDMS will allow the original documents to be stored electronically, speed up data processing and provide context-based search in documents,” pointed out Oleksandr Ivankov.\nAccording to Ivankov, the existing document flow at SNRIU is quite extensive. SNRIU annually receives about 11,000 incoming documents and over 9,000 outgoing ones. The SNRIU’s activities are complicated by the fact that it is very problematic to find an electronic document for the past year or the year before last. “The EDMS and Knowledge Portal would resolve this problem,” summed up Oleksandr Ivankov.\nRepresentatives of the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) listened to the Ukrainian party and made a decision to provide financial assistance to enhance the SNRIU’s information security and implement the EDMS and Knowledge Portal.\nUatom.org Editorial Board", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "|Iran`s Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant is announced to be launched on August 21, 2010|\nThe long-awaited opening of Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant was announced to be launched by the Russian Atomic Agency. A spokesman for the agency today the Nuclear Power Plant will come online on August 21st, 2010 and from that moment on it can be called operational. ‘The fuel will be charged in the reactor on August 21. From this moment, Bushehr will be considered a nuclear installation,’ Russia’s Atomic Agency Rosatom spokesman Sergei Novikov said. ‘This can be considered as the physical launch,’ he added. Pictured: Bushehr NPP ; Russian and Iranian workers and engineers at the construction of Nuclear Power Plant in Bushehr.Èñòî÷íèê >>> Kaptilkin Sergey\nAuthor >>> Kaptilkin Sergey >>>\nCountry >>> Iran >>>\nCategory >>> Economy & Business >>> Construction & Property >>> Heavy construction >>>\nCategory >>> Economy & Business >>> Energy >>> Atomic energy >>>\nPhone: +7 (495) 737-01-07\n© 2003-2007 Quadra Media Ltd. / PhotoXPress. All rights reserved.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Radiochemical procedures were developed for the analysis of plutonium in primary cooling water and in ion-exchange resin. Analyses of cooling-water samples from unit 2 of the Ringhals nuclear power station demonstrated that a major fraction of the plutonium found in the cooling water is associated with panicles. The amounts of plutonium isotopes retained annually in the ion-exchange cleaning system are estimated at 3 MBq of 238Pu and 2 MBq of 239+240Pu and in a mechanical filter the amounts are estimated at 2 MBq of 238Pu and 0.6 MBq of 239+240Pu.\n|Place of Publication||Roskilde|\n|Publisher||Risø National Laboratory|\n|Number of pages||20|\n|Publication status||Published - 1992|\n|Series||Denmark. Forskningscenter Risoe. Risoe-R|", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "New York Asks To Be Heard In Vt. Nuke Suit\nState Trying Shut Down Indian Point Reactors\nThe state of New York is asking to be heard in a lawsuit by the state of Vermont against the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's issuance of a 20-year license extension to the Vermont Yankee nuclear plant.\nVermont and the nuclear watchdog group New England Coalition say the NRC improperly approved the license extension because the application by Vermont Yankee and its owner, Entergy Corp., didn't include a certificate indicating the plant wouldn't unduly harm water quality.\nThe Brattleboro Reformer reports that New York is seeking friend-of-the-court status in the case and is agreeing with Vermont and the Coalition that the license extension was granted improperly.\nNew York state is also trying to shut the twin Indian Point reactors in Westchester County.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "This is a discussion thread for the following file:\nChernobyl - Overlay 1989 photo-plant\nOn April 25th -26th, 1986 the World's worst nuclear power accident occurred at Chernobyl in the former USSR (now Ukraine). The Chernobyl nuclear power plant located 80 miles north of Kiev had 4 reactors and whilst testing reactor number 4 numerous safety procedures were disregarded. At 1:23am the chain reaction in the reactor became out of control creating explosions and a fireball which blew off the reactor's heavy steel and concrete lid.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Alternate Names : Radiation Treatment\nRadiation therapy involves the use of radioactive waves to treat certain types of cancer. The therapy can be given with external beams of radiation or brachytherapy. External-beam radiation directs radioactive waves at targeted portions of the body. Brachytherapy involves an implant of radioactive material inside the body.\nRadiation affects molecules, proteins, and DNA in cells. The cells become damaged and are unable to function and divide normally. Cancer cells are more susceptible to radiation because they can't repair the damage. Some cancers are considered \"radiosensitive\" and curable with radiation. Other cancers are resistant to radiation.\nWho is a candidate for the procedure?\nBecause it works so well, radiation is now used in at least half of all individuals with cancer. Many cancers can be cured solely with radiation therapy. These include:\ncancer of the cervix\ncancer of the larynx\ngerm cell cancer\nOther cancers are treated with radiation to improve symptoms, not to cure the person. These include:\nmelanoma, which is a skin cancer\nThe decision to use radiation therapy, and how to use it, depends on a number of factors. Among them are the tissue type and the location and stage of the cancer. The healthcare provider will also consider the person's overall state of health.\nLow-energy radiation is also used for a few noncancerous conditions, such as a skin disease known as psoriasis. Total body radiation at low doses is used before bone marrow transplants. It destroys the existing bone marrow and suppresses the immune system.\nHow is the procedure performed?\nRadioactive implants can be placed anywhere inside the body. Implants may use wires or rods that are placed at the site of the tumor. They may contain radioactive cesium, radium, or iridium. The implants can remain in place for several hours to several days. They are removed after the dose of radiation has been delivered. They do not hurt and are not generally noticeable once they are in the body.\nElectron beams are low energy. They are often used for skin conditions and cancers. High-energy particles can penetrate deeply and are used for brain or deep solid tumors. Higher doses of radiation are used for radiation-resistant cancers and when there is an intent to cure. Lower doses are used for radiosensitive cancers and to relieve symptoms.\nAny form of radiation can be combined with chemotherapy. This combination therapy has more benefits and more side effects. Fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin, hydroxyurea, and cisplatin are examples of radiosensitizing chemotherapy medicines. They make the targeted tissue more susceptible to radiation therapy.\nAnother form of radiation therapy is radioactive iodine. It is swallowed as a liquid and circulates through the body. It is used to treat thyroid cancer. The radioactivity disappears within a few weeks.\nThe procedure to deliver external-beam radiation is somewhat similar to giving an X-ray. The person is put into position, and the machine delivers the radiation to the desired area. External-beam therapy involves cobalt and protons or electrons. It is given over several minutes, usually once a day for several weeks. The higher the energy, the deeper into the body the radiation can go.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "ENCO was founded in 1994 by former leading experts of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). From its initiation, ENCO provided its services in the field of nuclear safety, nuclear operation and technical support. Among the clients are operators, regulators, power plant designers/vendors, utilities and international organizations with interest in promoting and assuring the safe and secure utilization of nuclear power and radioactive isotopes for peaceful purposes. ENCO also provides advisory and project management services to international institutions supporting nuclear safety and security improvements in Europe and around the world.\nIn spite of its growth and expansion of services, ENCO has stayed true to its roots, ensuring that all clients’ needs are met and exceeded on every project regardless of its size or caliber. Today, ENCO is a highly specialized boutique consultancy. These are the factors that make ENCO unique in its insights and offers.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "What is Radon\n- Element RN222\n- Occurs Naturally\n- Radioactive Gas\n- Comes from the Ground\n- Odorless / Colorless\n- Unstable - 3.8 Day half-life\n- Alpha Radiation (α) - Can Cause Cancer\nRadon is a naturally occurring radioactive element that enters the atmosphere from the ground. This gas results from the decay of Radium in soil and rock. It is odorless and colorless with a half-life of 3.8 days.\nThe lung cancer risk from prolonged exposure to elevated levels of radon results from the daughters of radon, Po218 and Po214. These metals can stick to lung tissue and when they decay further, the alpha radiation (α) given off can cause cell damage and altered cell chemistry.\n- pCi/L = picoCuries per Liter (Air)\n- 1 pCi/L = 2.2 α decays/min\n- Alpha radiation (α) is composed of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.\n- Radium Ra226 --> Radon RN222 --> Polonium Po218 --> Polonium Po214\n- Po218 and Po214 are Metals\n- stick to lung tissue\n- give off α radiation\n- can cause cell mutation + chemical change in lungs", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Reaction of corroded steel coupons with radionuclides (KM)\nPI: Katherine Morris, University of Manchester.\nIron metal is an inherent component within the nuclear fuel cycle and over extended timescales, it will corrode to produce both reducing conditions and a range of iron (II/III) bearing oxides. In radioactive waste storage and disposal steel containers will be used to store a range of wastes which will contain heterogeneous materials and may be grouted. In addition, iron metal or “zero valent iron (ZVI)” is proposed as a treatment for radioactively contaminated land. Here, nanoparticulate ZVI is introduced to the contaminated subsurface and allowed to corrode and react with mobile radionuclides such as U(VI) and Tc(VII). Here, we will explore reaction of U(VI) and Np(V) with corroded steel coupons under a range of solution chemistries to explore: (i) the nature of the corrosion products; (ii) the distribution of radionuclides on the corroded steel surface; and (iii) the relationship between radionuclide distribution and speciation and the different iron corrosion products.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "It’s completely natural: using environmental microbes to remove uranium from groundwater\nContamination of soils and groundwater with uranium in the United States poses a significant health risk and will require multiple remediation approaches.\nStrategies for remediation of uranium contaminated sites have been researched for decades due to the ancient production of nuclear material in the United States. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set the drinking water standard for uranium at 0.03 parts per million (ppm). Yet most bioremediation studies are seldom conducted at such low uranium concentrations.\nIt has been almost 30 years since the discovery that microbial phosphatase activity and organic phosphate substrates could be used as a strategy to reduce uranium transport by precipitating uranium phosphate minerals. A wide range of microbial species have been found to aid this process in laboratory and field studies. However, these studies were all conducted at uranium concentrations greater than 5 ppm and do not represent many contaminating environments with low uranium concentrations (less than 0.5 ppm) and pH (pH less than 5 ) where mineralization is difficult.\nIn a new study by scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), the team has shown that uranium phosphate minerals do not form abiotically in solution when concentrations are below 0.25 ppm and that the pH is below 5, unlike previous studies conducted at higher concentrations. concentrations. Instead, they found that bacteria in soils and sediments can facilitate the precipitation of uranium phosphate minerals that do not precipitate abiotically.\n“Bacterial surfaces can facilitate precipitation of uranium phosphate minerals under these conditions by providing a local environment that is supersaturated with uranium phosphate minerals, leading to heterogeneous nucleation and mineralization,” said Keith Morrison , LLNL scientist, lead author of the study. research appearing in Environmental Science and Technology. “This microbial-mediated process can reduce uranium concentrations below the EPA drinking water limit. These results should be valuable in guiding future uranium and phosphate microbial remediation strategies, where efforts are focused on uranium concentrations and pH ranges more relevant to the environment. “\nOther Livermore scientists involved in the study include Mavrik Zavarin, Annie Kersting, James Begg, Harris Mason, Enrica Balboni, and Yongqin Jiao. The work was funded by the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, in part through a grant from the Office of Science’s Early Career Research Program.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Lava lite dating jaclyn glenn dating sites\nNatural crystalline materials contain imperfections: impurity ions, stress dislocations, and other phenomena that disturb the regularity of the electric field that holds the atoms in the crystalline lattice together.These imperfections lead to local humps and dips in the crystalline material's electric potential.Thermoluminescence dating is used for material where radiocarbon dating is not available, like sediments.\nIn thermoluminescence dating, these long-term traps are used to determine the age of materials: When irradiated crystalline material is again heated or exposed to strong light, the trapped electrons are given sufficient energy to escape.\nIn the process of recombining with a lattice ion, they lose energy and emit photons (light quanta), detectable in the laboratory.\nOptically stimulated luminescence dating is a related measurement method which replaces heating with exposure to intense light.\nThe sample material is illuminated with a very bright source of green or blue light (for quartz) or infrared light (for potassium feldspars).\nThe Radiation Dose Rate - the dose accumulated per year-must be determined first.\nThis is commonly done by measurement of the alpha radioactivity (the uranium and thorium content) and the potassium content (K-40 is a beta and gamma emitter) of the sample material.\nMost excited electrons will soon recombine with lattice ions, but some will be trapped, storing part of the energy of the radiation in the form of trapped electric charge (Figure 1).\nDepending on the depth of the traps (the energy required to free an electron from them) the storage time of trapped electrons will vary as some traps are sufficiently deep to store charge for hundreds of thousands of years.\nIdeally this is assessed by measurements made at the precise findspot over a long period.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "There is much concern and confusion in our communities regarding the risk of radiation exposure in the Pacific NW and the possible need to begin taking potassium iodide/iodine to lessen the risk of developing future health problems due to radiation exposure. We have been informed by our federal and state Public Health experts that it is highly unlikely that Oregon citizens will be at risk for radiation exposure from the Japanese nuclear reactor malfunctions and the only people who should take potassium iodide/iodine are those that are within a few miles of the nuclear site. They have also warned us that potassium iodide/iodine can present health risks to pregnant women, women who are nursing and people with diabetes.\nWe encourage you to share this information with your staff/employees, community partners, family, friends, etc.\nAnne Parrott, M.S.\nCoordinator: Public Health Preparedness\nColumbia County Medical Reserve Corps\nColumbia County Push Partner Registry\nColumbia County SNS\nColumbia Health District - Public Health Authority\nOffice: 503-397-4651 x2022", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "TOKYO– For the past few days, I have been traveling with my colleague Charles Digges in the area surrounding the Fukushimi Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan – the site of one of the world’s largest nuclear accidents, which occurred on March 11, 2011. My impressions of this trip have been manifold, and I will try to summarize some of the most prescient ones.\nOne of the most indelible impressions I carry away from this experience on a professional level is the sheer geographic extent of the accident, as well as how long the fallout will affect the environment and the people who used to live here.\nAs yet, much of the zone within a radius of 20 kilometers from the nuclear plant remains completely evacuated because of radioactive contamination. In some parts of the zone, locals are allowed to visit their property during daytime, but are not allowed to overnight in their own homes. Nor can they cultivate their land, which previously bore high quality agricultural products.\nInstead, decontamination workers now gather contaminated grass, trees and other agricultural materials in large black trash bags, which are deposited at dozens, if not hundreds, of different collection sites for low-level radioactive waste throughout the Fukushima prefecture. This brush cleanup is part of the massive decontamination effort the Japanese government has initiated in an attempt to reduce the impact of the nuclear accident.\nAlthough the Japanese government is investing a great deal of effort into the cleanup process, it remains uncertain as to how the effective the travail actually is.\nThere are still 160,000 people who were forced to abandon their homes. And a shroud of uncertainty hovers over when, if ever, they will be able to return.\nFor comparrison, the International Atomic Energy Agency has said that 200,000 people where evacuated from the 30 kilometer radius surrounding Chernobyl, whose 1986 meltdown and explosion has become the benchmark for nuclear accidents ever since.\nIn an effort to hasten resettlement of the affected area around Fukushima, the Japanese government has said that evacuees can move home when the annual radiation dosage reaches 20 milliseiverts per year.\nThis contrasts sharply with limits of 1 milliseivert per year for resettlement set by the Ukranian and Belarusan governments following Chernobyl. This disparity of Japanese dose limits, if left to stand, will lead to a relatively high dose load for resettling Fukushima residents that will lead to a gradual increase in cancer statistics in the area.\nUncertainty remains as to the extent that the Fukushima catastrophe has caused an increase in cancer rates in the in the area of the decimated plant. A recently published report by the UN’s World Health Organization (WHO) stated that a small increase in cancers – particularly thyroid cancers – should be expected among young people.\nBut the sample group for this study did not include all who were exposed to radiation during the height of the Fukushima accident.\nAbsent, for instance, are those who were forcibly evacuated from the 20 kilometer radius around the plant. During our conversations with locals in in Fukushima, it emerged that it took several weeks for the massive evacuation to take place – and the radiation levels in those now-unpolulated areas was relatively high.\nThe WHO report also excluded some 21,000 workers involved in cleanup in the most radioactive zone.\nThe 160,000 Fukushima residents who were evacuated because of the radioactive contamination are not only prone to increased risks of cancer, but are also burdened by tremendous psychological stress over the uncertainty of the invisible danger of radiation, and whether it will ever be possible to live a normal life in the familiar settings of their home surroundings.\nAfter this visit, it is clear to me that the people around Fukushima Daiichi will continue to be affected by the accident for many decades into the future. With the added wounds of the 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami that brought about this disaster, the radiation from the Fukushima plant will prevent area residents from living normal lives for many decades to come.\nNils Bøhmer is Bellona’s general manager and nuclear physicist. This is the fourth in a series of reports by Bellona on the second anniversary of the Fukushima disaster written from Japan.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "1. “Nuclear weapons are the same as nuclear power reactors.”\nThere are 2 types of nuclear weapons: atomic and thermonuclear.\nAtomic weapons assemble a supercritical mass of uranium with an uncontrolled rate of fission. In order to accomplish such a rate, uranium-235 needs to be enriched to at least 90%. This is far beyond that of natural uranium. Reactor fuel is a combination of uranium-235 enriched to around 5% and uranium-238 makes up the rest of the fuel. This makes using spent fuel in nuclear weapons with a favorable outcome is nearly impossible.\nThermonuclear weapons use both fission and fusion in the same weapon. Obviously, nuclear fusion is an underdeveloped technology, making thermonuclear weapons and nuclear reactors very, very different.\nThat being said, the rate of reactivity in a reactor is controlled by its moderator and coolant, as well as several control and safety rods that are lowered into the reactor core automatically if any deviation from normal operating conditions occur. These rods can slow the reactor’s chain reaction down significantly or can stop it all together. Once a reaction in a nuclear weapon has started, there’s no going back. These explosions occur within a matter of seconds. Chernobyl’s meltdown has often been used as “proof” that nuclear reactors can explode like nuclear weapons, but explosions in the reactor were the product of a deadly combination of nuclear fuel (soaring temperatures caused fuel claddings to rupture) and coolant, causing the water to violently flash to steam. Even then, this is not a fault of nuclear fission itself.\n1. For an atomic weapon to detonate successfully, uranium-235 needs to be enriched to at least 90%. Uranium-235 is fissile, meaning it can sustain a chain reaction.\n2. Most nuclear fuel is composed of uranium-235 that is enriched to at most 5% and uranium-238 makes up the rest of it. When the uranium-235 has been depleted, the fuel is no longer usable because only uranium-238 remains. Uranium-238 is fertile (can be fissioned by fast neutrons) but is not fissile (cannot sustain a chain reaction).\n3. An uncontrollable nuclear reaction is required for a nuclear weapon to detonate. The rate of fission in nuclear reactors is constantly monitored and controlled with a moderator and control/safety rods. A runaway chain reaction in a reactor isn’t likely to occur unless a loss of coolant accident takes place.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Last steel seam on Wendelstein 7-X closed\nCore of fusion device completed / difficult installation stage successfully terminated\nThe objective of fusion research is to derive energy from fusion of atomic nuclei, just as happens in the sun. To ignite the fusion fire, the hydrogen plasma fuel in a future power plant has to be confined in magnetic fields and heated to temperatures exceeding 100 million degrees. Wendelstein 7-X, the world’s largest fusion device of the stellarator type when completed, is intended to investigate the suitability of this configuration for a power plant. With 70 large superconducting magnet coils in continuous operation it is then to produce a highly stable and thermally insulating magnetic cage confining the plasma.\nThe ring-shaped device is being installed as five almost structurally identical modules: Each of the five sections of the plasma vessel, along which 14 magnet coils are strung, is enclosed by a steel outer sheath, weighing altogether 120 tons. Assembled like slices of cake on the machine’s foundation, the five modules form a steel ring from which numerous connection ports protrude. These link the apertures of the plasma chamber through the coil region with the outer vessel. Later, measuring instruments, pumps and heating facilities will be affixed here.\nThe 254th and last port was brazed in between the plasma vessel and outer vessel with millimetre precision on 28 May 2013. The elaborate port installation lasted a good two years. This was preceded by an equally long test phase – “a huge training session” as installation head Dr. Lutz Wegener put it – during which the methods for exact placement and connection of the variously configured ports to the bizarrely shaped plasma vessel were developed. One of the many challenges: As stainless steel inevitably shrinks at the seam when it is brazed, the components are distorted and change position. This had also to be allowed for when brazing the five modules of the device together: Calculations and tests during installation planning had predicted here up to eight millimetres shift per seam, this being intolerable since the ports and the subsequently connected measuring instruments would be looking at the wrong place in the plasma.\nThe solution: The module to be brazed, exactly monitored by laser tracker measurements, was shifted on sliding bearings about eight millimetres away from its firmly attached component opposite. Then, to prevent anything shifting, several welders began together to close the two brazing gaps of both the plasma chamber and the outer sheath. For the multi-layered seams with a total length of 40 metres the specialists of the MAN Diesel Turbo company took several weeks, during which the heavy module – in keeping with the shrinkage – slowly returned to its initial position in tenths of a millimetre steps. “It is a veritable work of art to guide in the right direction such a big and heavy component during brazing”, states Karsten Liesenberg, who is responsible for the vessel installation concept: “If the laser trackers showed that the module was not being shifted exactly parallel, the brazing crew had to change over to the opposite side of the seam so that the component was again put on the right track”. This precision work was repeated on the other four module boundaries. The ring is meanwhile closed and all five modules are in place with the required two millimetre precision.\nTill installation of Wendelstein 7-X is completed in 2014, there are still a few tasks to be done, such as linking the magnets to their power and helium supplies and doing the interior of the plasma vessel. This will be accompanied by provision of the systems for heating the plasma, the supply facilities for electric power and cooling, machine control and finally the numerous measuring instruments for diagnosing the behaviour of the plasma.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) Gauge Courses are based on the Western Australian Radiological Council requirements for RSO competency. This course is suitable for those working in the Australian Oil, Gas, Mining, Power and Chemical industries. Successful completion allows employees to apply for gauge user licence and to become a Radiation Safety Officer for your company.\nIn addition, a Transport Workshop is held during each of the Radiation Safety Officer courses. This includes a number of syndicate and practical exercises that are aimed at securing compliance with the conditions and limitations of Transport.\nWe can provide a range of Radiation Awareness courses that can be tailored to suit your company’s needs. Our team of certified Radiation Protection Advisers can deliver a portfolio of radiation safety training courses that will enable your employees to:\nAll of our courses have been developed to provide delegates with the knowledge that they need to be able to supervise others working with sources of ionising radiation.\nRadiation safety courses available\nTracerco offer you the widest choice of Radiation Awareness courses, including:\nScheduled Radiation Safety Officer training courses are regularly held at our offices in Malaga, WA. Training can be undertaken from our office or at a location selected by you. For clients with more then 4 participants, classes can be held at a date outside the regular schedule.\nWe are active within the industries we serve which enables us to share any learning and experience we gain across our customer base. The level of training delivered is consistent for our customers and our own field service engineers alike.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Oct 20, 2010 8:24 AM by Associated Press\nCongressional investigators say cancer patients sent home after treatment with radioactive iodine have contaminated hotel rooms and set off alarms on public transportation.\nPatients have come into close contact with vulnerable people, including pregnant women and children, and the household trash from their homes has triggered radiation detectors at landfills.\nMassachusetts Democratic Rep. Edward Markey says the problem stems from a decision by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to ease requirements that thyroid cancer patients remain in the hospital a few days after swallowing doses of radioactive iodine to shrink their tumors.\nThe commission is meeting Wednesday to examine the issue.\n33 minutes ago", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Health Physics Questions and Answers - Question 458\nQuestion 458: Some Part 50 power reactor licensees have developed \"weighted\" or \"effective\" derived air concentration (DAC) values for airborne mixtures of radionuclides, on the basis that the mixtures are well known and relatively stable, as demonstrated through periodic analysis of primary sources (e.g., reactor coolant and other process fluids), airborne and removable contamination samples, and waste streams (i.e., 10 CFR 61 analysis). These weighted DACs utilize a known ratio of the readily detectable radionuclides in a mixture to the more-difficult-to-detect radionuclides, to infer the total activity and the DAC fraction of a mixture from gross counting methods (i.e., without having to do isotopic analysis of each and every sample). Given adequate quality control measures, is the use of such \"weighted\" or \"effective\" DACs acceptable for posting, survey and monitoring purposes?\nAnswer: Yes, in general, the \"weighted\" or \"effective\" DACs can be used for inferring the total activity and the DAC fraction of a mixture from gross counting methods provided that the method (s) for calculating the \"weighted\" or \"effective\" DACs (which are not described in the question) are appropriate, have been validated, and that the uses of these weighted / effective values are not inconsistent with other regulatory requirements, such as 10 CFR 20.1203, 10 CFR 20.1204, 10 CFR 20.1502, 10 CFR 20.1902, and the Footnotes and Note to Appendix B. The DAC values used in the calculation of the \"weighted\" or \"effective\" values (and the DAC values used for any other purpose) must be the values listed in Appendix B to Part 20 unless the licensee has obtained approval, under the provisions of 10 CFR 20.1204 (c) (2) or 20.2301, to use other values.\n(References: 10 CFR 20.1501, 10 CFR 20.1203, 10 CFR 20.1204, 10 CFR 20.1502, 10 CFR 20.1902, Appendix B)\nPage Last Reviewed/Updated Tuesday, December 12, 2017", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Cumbria-based specialist systems integrator Delkia has developed a radiometric surveillance system (RSS) in partnership with alarm equipment manufacturer Omniflex. The collaboration comes at a time when nuclear industry customers face increasing scrutiny of their adherence to ALARP principles, and therefore need a reliable, low-cost remote monitoring system to protect their assets and workforce from unintentional radiation exposure.\nNuclear sites must adhere to strict ALARP regulations on the use of field instrumentation for hazardous detection of alpha, beta, gamma and neutron radiation in the environment. However, current systems can’t relay real-time information from these instruments to the control room and developing hazards may go undetected. Even if hazards are detected, operators must risk the exposure to avoidable dosage uptakes to fix the problem.\nTo tackle this, specialist systems integrator Delkia has been developing equipment for radiometric surveillance, including associated protection and evacuation systems up to SIL-2 criteria. “Remotely monitoring radiation in a facility brings about huge benefits for employers in the nuclear industry. The problem is, current systems are only pulling out very basic information,” explains Mark Sisson, nuclear relationship manager at Fit For Nuclear accredited company Delkia. “For example, if gamma radiation is detected above a certain threshold, an alarm will sound to trigger an evacuation. Crucially, you have no diagnostic capability. Rectifying the issue might also involve exposing someone to the radiation to diagnose the problem, bringing into question the nonadherence to ALARP principles.\n“Using Omniflexeterm M3E hardware, we’ve developed an RSS solution that allows for trend analysis and data monitoring in real-time. The system can both initiate an evacuation and lock down the client’s facility by using audible and visual warning units that are individually rated to SIL-2 level. This is all at an affordable cost, which has removed a common barrier to small scale RSS implementation,” continues Sisson.\nDelkia has programmed the remote terminal units to take multiple inputs from activity-in-air and gamma dose rate monitors and bring them into a single consolidated HMI display. Through this, the operators can also carry out predictive maintenance and operational control remotely. Where required, Functional Safety Envelopes can be designed up to SIL-2, depending on the hazard detection equipment utilised and the protection measure to be deployed.\nBecause Stockport-based Omniflex has honed its telemetry technology over 55 years working in safety-critical industries, it is well-versed in the requirements needed for low cost, flexible and ultra-reliable equipment modules.\n“We’ve collaborated with Delkia for many years now. So, when they approached us for robust and reliable data collection and logic control hardware for their RSS, we were more than happy to come aboard,” explains Gary Bradshaw, director at Omniflex UK. “The HMI display outlines a floorplan of the facility. If an abnormal reading is reported from one of the monitors, personnel can be notified immediately via SMS or email so that action can be taken promptly.\n“These collaborations combine our experience in software development and systems integration with Omniflex’s extensive knowledge of interfacing to all types of radiation monitors and technical support,” adds Sisson. “In an industry where safety is paramount, partnerships like these create the technology that ultimately protect assets, people and the environment from preventable radiation exposure. Long may it continue.”", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "SOES3008 Environmental and Engineering Geology\nAims and Objectives\n1. To describe the geological problems associated with waste disposal and water supply. 2. To understand the Radon Problems particularly in a UK context. 3. To describe some of the principles of Environmental Law and its relationship to the planning process. 4. To describe the problems of contaminated land, legislation and methods of remediation. 5. To appreciate impacts of contaminated land in a metropolitan context using numerous case studies in Portsmouth 6. To understand the key principles of hydrology and hydrogeology and to use these to understand contaminant hydrology, transport and remediation. 7. To describe natural radioactivity and radioactive processes in an environmental context. 8. To examine the geological controls that produced the Oklo nuclear reactor and its implications for nuclear waste disposal. 9. To understand the environmental radioactivity legacy of the Sellafield site in Cumbria. Specifically, the hydrogeology of the Sellafield site and the consequences of a legacy of radioactive leaks and disposals and future remediation will be addressed. 10. To describe some of the problems associated with the recognition and consequences of the anthropogenic dispersal of radioactive material into the environment\nHaving successfully completed this module you will be able to:\n- Understand the principles described above.\n- Understand how environmental geology impinges on everyday life.\n- Understand the complex issues associated with evaluating and remediating contaminated sites.\n- Understand the impact on human health of some key environmental pollutants of geological and anthropogenic origin (e.g. heavy metals from mine wastes, radon emanations, groundwater pollution, radionuclide pollution).\n- The link between geological phenomena and public health.\n- Strategies for working on multifactorial, multidisciplinary problems.\n- How a medium-sized environmental survey might be conducted.\n- Sampling natural environments.\n- How to present complex scientific information to the public.\nThe module is concerned with a number of inter-related environmental geological issues that have not been encountered in other courses. Relevant introductory material is presented to ensure that a good understanding of the key issues can be gained by students having a background in any of the environmental sciences (geology, geophysics, Phy Geog, Env Sci) Several of the course topics are inter-related which increases the value of the learning outcomes. Additionally, several aspects introduce information on employability prospects. The course covers problems of urban geology, including water supply and pollution (hydrology and hydrogeology) and waste disposal (landfill and geology, EU Directives). It also includes the impact of metalliferous mining on the environment, aspects of natural and anthropogenic environmental radioactivity, the many issues relating to problems relating to nuclear site operations, incidents, decommissioning, waste discharges to the sea and nuclear waste disposal. The hydrogeology of the highly complex Sellafield nuclear site is used as a case study to consider the interaction of groundwater movements with geochemical dispersion (including radionuclide migration).\nLearning and Teaching\nTeaching and learning methods\nFormal Lectures: (24 x 45 minute Lectures): are concerned with theoretical background and case-studies relating to water resources, waste disposal, engineering, land remediation, radioactivity, environmental geochemistry and health. Approximately 4 Invited speakers make specialist contributions to the course. Practicals: 7 x 3 hour laboratory classes. A wide range of support can be provided for those students who have further or specific learning and teaching needs.\n|Practical classes and workshops||20|\n|Completion of assessment task||70|\n|Total study time||150|\nTheory Examination (60%): A 2½ hour written examination Answer 3 Qs out of 6, one from each of three sections. - any topic covered in the course can be expected Section 1: Environmental Geochemistry & Health, Contaminated Land Section Section 2: Hydrogeology, 3: Environmental Radioactivity Credit is given for wider reading and relevant information not given in the lectures. Tests Learning Outcomes 1, 2. Practicals/Assignment (40%): One piece of assessed work (worth 20%) and a mark for a compilation of all Laboratory Exercises (worth 20%). The Laboratory Book is a record of all Laboratory Exercises.\n|Theory examination (2.5 hours)||60%|", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "When will Japan begin building a barrage around the Fukushima waterfront to contain leakage of radiation from the stricken plant, which threatens to poison the oceans and fisheries of the World?At last the Government of Japan has decided to act. It will spend 47 billion yen (US$473 million) to create an ice dam around the Fukushima waterfront to prevent radioactive water continuing to leak into the ocean.\nLate, is certainly better than never, although it is difficult to understand why it has taken more than two years to think up a simple temporary solution such as this when, to quote Dr Tatsujiro Suzuki, vice chairman of the Japan Atomic Energy Commission,\nI guess if it had just been just an ordinary crisis, in a more or less stable if critical state, we'd have been waiting another decade or two for any kind orf useful action, with a permanent solution indefinitely delayed.\nthe situation at the nuclear power plant is an \"unprecedented crisis\" and that it is \"getting worse\".\nHe said the plan to freeze the ground around the site was \"challenging\", and a permanent solution was needed.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Graham T. Allison is the Douglas Dillon Professor of Government and director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He served as assistant secretary of defense for policy and plans at the Department of Defense in the Clinton administration. Allison is the author of \"Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe\" (2004) and \"Avoiding Nuclear Anarchy: Containing the Threat of Loose Russian Nuclear Weapons and Fissile Material\" (1996).\nMatthew Bunn is a senior research associate and acting executive director of the Project on Managing the Atom at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He is an expert on the security of weapons-useable nuclear materials, and served as an adviser to the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Clinton administration.\nDaniel Hirsch has studied safety and security issues at university reactors for 27 years. He is the president of the Committee to Bridge the Gap, a Los Angeles-based advocacy group that provides technical and legal assistance to communities near existing or proposed nuclear sites. Hirsch is the former director of the Adlai Stevenson Program on Nuclear Policy at the University of California, Santa Cruz. In the 1980s, Hirsch fought to close the nuclear research reactor at University of California, Los Angeles, after he and his students discovered that radioactive gas from the reactor was leaking into the building where he taught. The UCLA reactor was eventually closed.\nRonald E. Timm is a senior consultant for RETA Security Inc., a for-profit company that has analyzed security for the Department of Energy and the Department of Defense. As a Department of Energy contractor, Timm has assessed security systems, both at the nation's major nuclear facilities and for the transportation of special nuclear material. For 15 years, he worked at the Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory, where he served as a senior project manager and security engineer.\nRoy Zimmerman is the director of nuclear security and incident response at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The federal agency regulates more than 100 commercial nuclear power plants and 35 research and test reactors, including those located on university campuses. Zimmerman has been with the commission since 1978, and has served as a reactor inspector, division director, and deputy director in the Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation.\nFritz Steinhausler is a professor at the Institute of Physics and Biophysics at the University of Salzburg in Austria. A nuclear physicist, he has co-authored several papers on the vulnerability of nuclear reactors to terrorist sabotage. In 2002, Steinhausler collaborated with Stanford University researchers to launch a database that tracks missing, stolen and recovered radioactive material worldwide.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "SC refuses to stop fuel loading in Kundankulam plant (Second Lead)September 13th, 2012 - 10:04 pm ICT by IANS\nNew Delhi, Sep 13 (IANS) Declining to put on hold for now the loading of fuel rods in one of the two reactors of Kudankulam nuclear power plant in Tamil Nadu, the Supreme Court Thursday said it would hear Sep 20 the plea seeking to restrain the central government.\nThe apex court’s decision came as hundreds of people from Tamil Nadu’s Idinthakarai village, the epicentre of the protests against the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP), stood in the sea water Thursday to protest moves to load uranium fuel in one of the two reactors.\nThe apex court bench of Justice K.S. Radhakrishnan and Justice Dipak Misra declined to pass any immediate order on a petition seeking to restrain the government and Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL) from going ahead with the loading of nuclear fuel rods in the reactor of the plant.\nThe petitioner alleged that the 17 safety measures recommended by an expert panel had not been implemented.\n“Whether these 17 safety measures had to be taken before the commissioning of the plant,” Justice Misra asked Attorney General G.E. Vahanvati.\n“They are the third (layer) of safety steps by way of abundant caution for safety enhancement,” Vahanvati told the court.\nThe court said it would hear Sep 20 the plea seeking to restrain the central government from loading nuclear fuel rods in the reactor of the plant.\nThe judges said that they wanted to go through the two judgments of the Madras High Court not accepting petitioner P. Sundarrajan’s plea.\nCounsel Prashant Bhushan, appearing for the petitioner, pressed for an order restraining the government from going ahead with the loading of the fuel rods but Justice Misra asked “was there any stay at any point of time”.\nSundarrajan, an IT professional, moved the apex court Tuesday contending that the government should not go ahead with the loading of the fuel rods till the 17 safety steps recommended by an expert committee were implemented.\nMentioning the matter before the bench, Bhushan told the court that the expert committee was set up by the government after Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in Japan.\nBhushan told the court that out of the 17 safety steps recommended by the expert committee only six had been implemented.\nAs Justice Radhakrishnan inquired about the time gap between the loading of the fuel rods and the actual commissioning of the plant, Vahanvati said that it would take two months.\nBhushan, however, told the court that once the enriched uranium fuel rods were loaded in the reactor then there would be no scope for going back.\nThe attorney general told the court that the Tamil Nadu government had certain reservations about the safety of the plant and it had set up an expert committee headed by former chairman, Atomic Energy Commission M.R. Srinivasan, which had cleared the KNPP for commissioning.\nAs Justice Radhakrishan told the attorney general that the petitioner was not against the commission of the KNPP, Vahanvati read from the Madras High Court verdict, under challenge, “…there is no impediment for the NPCIL to proceed with the project and the safety measures have been satisfied and clearances have been obtained from various authorities.”\n- SC refuses to stop fuel loading in Kundankulam plant (Lead) - Sep 13, 2012\n- Kudankulam safety steps a matter of public interest, says SC - Sep 20, 2012\n- Madras HC seeks details of Kudankulam power project - Aug 21, 2012\n- Kudankulam project gets Madras High Court's green signal (Lead) - Aug 31, 2012\n- SC refuses to stop fuel loading in Kundankulam plant - Sep 13, 2012\n- SC moved against Kudankulam plant (Lead) - Sep 11, 2012\n- SC moved against Kudankulam plant - Sep 11, 2012\n- Court frowns on ministers over Kudankulam launch date - Aug 16, 2012\n- Madras High Court reserves order on Kudankulam - Aug 23, 2012\n- Petitions against Kudankulam reactors dismissed by Madras High Court - Aug 31, 2012\n- Kudankulam n-plant a step closer to going on stream - May 12, 2012\n- AERB clears fuel loading in Kudankulam nuclear reactor - Aug 10, 2012\n- Top nuclear officials meet Kudankulam expert panel, protests on - Oct 29, 2011\n- With atomic regulator's nod, Kudankulam reactor being fuelled (Second Lead) - Sep 21, 2012\n- Removal of dummy fuel assemblies begins at Kudankulam - May 25, 2012\nTags: abundant caution, apex court, court bench, dipak, epicentre, expert committee, fuel loading, india ltd, madras high court, misra, npcil, nuclear fuel rods, nuclear power corporation, nuclear power plant, s radhakrishnan, safety enhancement, safety measures, safety steps, tamil nadu, uranium fuel", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Dedicated to supporting the Manhattan Project National Historical Park and capturing the memories of the people who harnessed the energy of the atom.\nLearn more about our mission\nBrowse our collection of oral histories with workers, families, service members, and more about their experiences in the Manhattan Project.\nTour some of the key locations of the Manhattan Project with an audio guide.\nFloy Agnes \"Aggie\" (Naranjo Stroud) Lee was a biologist who worked on the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos as a technician.\nLloyd Albert Quarterman (1918-1982) was an American chemist.\nWilliam Sterling \"Deak\" Parsons was a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Effectively responding to a nuclear security event is a unique, complex, and potentially overwhelming situation requiring significant specialized resources. An effective response requires coordination and cooperation from all levels of government and international partners. To assist law enforcement in preparing to respond to nuclear security events INTERPOL has developed the Response to Radiological and Nuclear Incidents training course.\nResponse to radiological and nuclear incidents training\nThis training course is designed for investigators and other relevant personnel with responsibility for the initial operational management of crime scenes involving nuclear or other radiological materials.\nThe course helps participants understand the risks and challenges associated with working in a radiological crime scene environment. Understanding the roles and responsibilities involved, and working with radiation detection and personal protection equipment is practiced. Participants are also trained to recover and properly manage contaminated evidence.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "I choose this topic, because I was unsure whether or not the United States did the right thing when they used Atomic bombs against Japan. When they did this they took hundreds of innocent lives, just to win a war and make a statement.\nThe cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki became famous for the dropping of the Atomic bombs these two cities had been used for military purposes up to that point in the war. A number of military camps were located next to Hiroshima, including the Fifth Division’s Headquarters and the Headquarters which commanded the defense of Southern Japan under Field Marshall Shunroku Hata’s 2nd General Army. Nagasaki was one of the largest seaports. It was very important to Japan during WWII, because it had a wide range of industrial activity, like the production of war materials and ships. Most of the building in Nagasaki were built with wood and had tile roofs. They were not built to hold up to explosions. The city had not been the target of serious attacks until the atom bomb.\nMaking the Bombs\nWith the help of Canada and the United Kingdom, the United States ran the top secret “Manhattan Project.” This was the development and testing of the first nuclear bombs. American physicist, J. Robert Oppenhiemer directed the research. Most of the work was done at the Los Alamos laboratory in New Mexico. One of the bombs was made uranium-235. It was named “Little Boy”. It was a gun-type bomb, and would be the first ever used in warfare. At its height there was 130,000 people working on the bomb, at a cost of nearly $2 billion.\nThe first ever explosion of an Atomic bomb was the test on July 16, 1945, in an area called the Trinity site. It was a test run with a bomb called “Gadget”. It was an implosion bomb that was the same type as the Bomb called “Fat Man” that would be the 2nd nuclear bomb used in warfare.\nSelecting the Targets\nThe target committee was also led by Oppenheimer at Los...", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Nuke Waste Facility Could Go $40 Billion Over Budget. / :\nBrianna Ehley, The Fiscal Times. May 5, 2015.\n'The Department of Energy has already shoveled more than $4 billion into a facility in South Carolina intended to safely dispose of weaponsgrade plutonium left over from the Cold War. But management problems, oversight issues and high staff turnover rates has caused the project to go years behind schedule and billions over budget.'\nU. S. Department of Energy: Savannah River environmental impact statements, 1990-.\n'A collection of Department of Energy Environmental Impact Statements covering work at Savannah River Site, Aiken, South Carolina.':\nDOE-EIS-0062 Waste Management Operations, Savannah River Plant, Aiken, South Carolina, Double-Shell Tanks for Defense High-Level Radioactive Waste Storage\nDOE-EIS-0108 L-Reactor Operation, Savannah River Plant, Aiken, S.C.\nDOE-EIS-0121 Alternative Cooling Water Systems, Savannah River Plant\nDOE-EIS-0147 Continued Operation of the K-,L-, and P- Reactors, Savannah River Site\nDOE-EIS-0210 Waste Management Activities for Groundwater Protection Savannah River Plant\nDOE-EIS-0220 Savannah River Site Interim Management of Nuclear Materials\nDOE-EIS-0271 Construction and Operation of a Tritium Extraction Facility at the Savannah River Site", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Georgian customs officers sent a car carrying a mixture of plutonium and beryllium back to Azerbaijan after foiling an attempt to smuggle the materials over the border, Georgian television reported on Tuesday.\nCustoms officials found the materials, which can be used in nuclear bombs, in what appeared to be a routine customs check as the car was driven over the border from Azerbaijan, the Imedi television station reported.\n\"Georgian customs detected a high level of radiation while checking one of the cars,\" Imedi reported. \"They discovered plutonium-beryllium.\"\nThere were scant details about the find.\nThe car was sent back to Azerbaijan although smuggling nuclear materials is a crime under Georgian law. It was unclear if Azeri authorities had been informed.\n\"The decision to send it back was made,\" Soso Kakushadze, head of the environment ministry's radiation department, told Reuters.\n\"It was the right decision as it would have been very expensive to keep it in Georgia and special conditions are needed,\" he said.\nReports did not indicate where the plutonium and beryllium was from. Interior ministry officials declined to comment.\nUsed in most nuclear weapons\nPlutonium is used in most nuclear weapons, but several kilograms are needed to make even a primitive atomic bomb.\nBeryllium, a toxic metal, can be used to form a neutron initiator that triggers a nuclear explosion. It can be used to moderate nuclear reactions.\nGeorgian special services foiled an attempt by a Russian citizen to sell weapons-grade uranium for $1 million in Georgia in February 2006.\nRadioactive materials were used to generate power in remote areas in Soviet times but during the chaos that accompanied the fall of the Soviet Union many devices were abandoned.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "A multi-institutional team, led by a group of investigators at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, has been studying various SARS-CoV-2 protein targets, including the virus’s main protease. The feat has earned the team a finalist nomination for the Association of Computing Machinery, or ACM, Gordon Bell Special Prize for High Performance Computing-Based COVID-19 Research.\nRadioactive isotopes power some of NASA’s best-known spacecraft. But predicting how radiation emitted from these isotopes might affect nearby materials is tricky\nIn the race to identify solutions to the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory are joining the fight by applying expertise in computational science, advanced manufacturing, data science and neutron science.\nThe type of vehicle that will carry people to the Red Planet is shaping up to be “like a two-story house you’re trying to land on another planet.\nThanks in large part to developing and operating a facility for testing molten salt reactor (MSR) technologies, nuclear experts at the Energy Department’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are now tackling the next generation of another type of clean energy—concentrating ...", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Dallas Morning News\nRegulators: Leak didn’t require public notice\nOfficials sought more info from nuclear plant\nMinnesota regulators knew four months ago that radioactive waste had leaked from a nuclear power plant in Monticello — but they didn’t announce anything about the leak until this week.\nThe delay in notifying the public about the November leak raised questions about public safety and transparency, but industry experts said Friday there was never a public health threat. They said Xcel Energy voluntarily notified state agencies and reported the leak of tritium to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission soon after it was confirmed and that the leak of 400,000 gallons of radioactive water never reached a threshold that would have required public notification.\n“This is something that we struggle with because there is such concern with anything that is nuclear,” said Victoria Mitlyng, a spokesperson with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. “The concern is very, very understandable. That is why I want to make extra clear the fact that the public in Minnesota, the people, the community near the plant, was not and is not in danger.”\nState officials said that while they knew of the leak in November, they waited to get more information before making a public announcement.\n“We knew there was a presence of tritium in one monitoring well, however Xcel had not yet identified the source of the leak and its location,” Minnesota Pollution Control Agency spokesperson Michael Rafferty said Thursday. “Now that we have all the information about where the leak occurred, how much was released into groundwater and that contaminated groundwater had moved beyond the original location, we are sharing this information.”\nTritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that occurs naturally in the environment and is a common by-product of nuclear plant operations. It emits a weak form of beta radiation that does not travel very far and cannot penetrate human skin, according to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.\nEdwin Lyman, director of nuclear power safety with the Union of Concerned Scientists, said a significant health risk would only occur if people consumed fairly high amounts of tritium. That risk is contained if the plume stays on the company’s site, which Xcel Energy and Minnesota officials said is the case.\nIf regulatory officials are sure it didn’t move off site, people shouldn’t have to worry about their safety, he said, adding that companies usually take action when onsite monitoring wells detect elevated levels of contaminants like tritium.\nMitlyng said there’s no official requirement for nuclear plants to report all tritium leaks to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Instead, Xcel Energy had previously agreed to report certain tritium leaks to the state. When Xcel Energy shares information with the state, it also shares it with the commission.\nThe commission posted a notification about the leak on its website Nov. 23, noting that the plant reported it to the state a day earlier. The report classified the leak as a nonemergency. The notice said the source of the tritium was being investigated at that time.\nBeyond that, there was no widespread notification to the public before Thursday.\nMitlyng said there is no pathway for the tritium to get into drinking water.\nXcel said it has recovered about 25% of the spilled tritium so far, that recovery efforts will continue and that it will install a permanent solution this spring.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "CNESTEN-Morocco, ARSN-Mauritania Foster Nuclear Energy Cooperation\nRabat – The National Center for Energy, Sciences and Nuclear Techniques (CNESTEN) and the National Authority for Radiation Protection, Safety and Nuclear Safety (ARSN) of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania concluded, on Thursday, a partnership agreement to strengthen cooperation ties in the peaceful use of nuclear applications in the African region.\nUnder this agreement, signed by Director General of CNESTEN Khalid EL Mediouri, and President of ARSN Ishagh Mohamed Moussa, the two institutions will strengthen the sharing of experiences and the building of capacities in the fields of nuclear and radiological safety and security, said on Friday a press release by the CNESTEN.\nThis will be done in particular through the scheduling of scientific stays, the supervision of professional internships, the deployment of technical expertise and the organization and joint participation in seminars or workshops on themes of common interest, according to the same source.\nTo this end, the two institutions have set up mechanisms for steering and monitoring the actions to be undertaken within the framework of this agreement, in order to allow a better contribution of nuclear sciences and techniques to the development of the various socio-economic sectors in a safe and sustainable manner, concluded the press release.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "TMI-2 core bore acquisition summary report\nTMI-2 core bore acquisition summary report Core bore samples were obtained from the severely damaged TMI-2 core during July and August, 1986. A description of the TMI-2 core bore drilling unit used to obtain samples; a summary and discussion of the data from the ten core bore segments which were obtained; and the initial results of analysis and evaluation of these data are presented in this report. The impact of the major findings relative to our understanding of the accident scenario is also discussed.\nEnter terms in the toolbar above to search the full text of this document for pages containing specific keywords.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Russia has decided not to construct a nuclear waste storage facility on the island of Novaya Zemlya in the Arctic Ocean. Scientists and geologists conducted an analysis of potential changes of the region’s climate and came to the conclusion that rising temperatures over the next 150 to 200 years are threatening to thaw the region’s permafrost. This could lead to leaks of the radioactive materials. Rumyantsev said that the ministry is looking into building a storage facility in a remote part of the Kola Peninsula. He added that the issue was almost resolved. The Atomic Energy Ministry had approved the construction of a USD 70 million nuclear waste storage facility on Novaya Zemlya in June 2002. The project had also been approved by experts from Finland, France, Germany, Norway and the UK and had undergone a government environmental analysis. The Russian Research Institute of Industrial Technology spent 10 years and $2 million to develop the design of the future storage facility on Novaya Zemlya. Such situation can also raise concerns among western donors who partially had financed this research, which turned out to be useless.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Authors:M. Liezers, S. Lehn, K. Olsen, O. Farmer, and Douglas Duckworth\nElectrochemically modulated separations (EMS) are shown to be a rapid and selective means of extracting and concentrating\nPu from complex solutions prior to isotopic analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). This separation\nis performed in a flow injection mode, on‐line with the ICP‐MS. A three‐electrode, flow‐by electrochemical cell is used to\naccumulate Pu at an anodized glassy carbon electrode by redox conversion of Pu(III) to Pu (IV&VI). The entire process takes\nplace in 2% (v/v) (0.46 M) HNO3. No redox chemicals or acid concentration changes are required. Plutonium accumulation and release is redox dependent and\ncontrolled by the applied cell potential. Large transient volumetric concentration enhancements can be achieved. Based on\nmore negative U(IV) potentials relative to Pu(IV), separation of Pu from uranium is efficient, thereby eliminating uranium\nhydride interferences. EMS‐ICP‐MS isotope ratio measurement performance will be presented for femtogram to attogram level\nplutonium isotope injections.\nUranium–plutonium mixed carbides have been successfully irradiated up to a burn-up of 159 GWd/t in the Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) in Kalpakkam for the first time in the world. FBTR uses a high plutonium\nAuthors:Sarbjit Singh, Amol Mhatre, and Veena Sagar\nThe segmented gamma ray scanning system developed for the assay of plutonium present in 200 L waste drums was modified for\nthe estimation of gram amounts of plutonium in the presence of high beta gamma activity. A multi gamma ray source of 152Eu having ~1 mCi activity was used for the determination of attenuation correction factors for high count rate drums. Dead\ntime corrections were applied to arrive at the corrected count rates for all the gamma rays. Present study has shown that\nthe estimation of ~1 g of 239Pu in a waste drum can be carried out in the presence of 137Cs up to an activity level of 20 mCi.\nKnowledge of the oxidation state distribution of plutonium in natural waters is necessary in modeling its behavior in environmental systems. The redox speciation of plutonium is complicated by such effects as hydrolysis, complexation, disproportionation, solubility, and redox interchange reactions. The insolubility of Pu(OH)4 is often the limiting factor of the net solubility of plutonium in oxic natural waters where Pu(V)O\nis the most stable oxidation state. Perturbations to the oxidation state speciation due to the complexation chemistry of the different oxidation states of plutonium and to the insolubility of plutonium(IV) in neutral aquatic systems are discussed. The merits and limitations of some chemical separation techniques used to study redox speciation of plutonium are presented, and recommendations made for obtaining reliable oxidation state distribution data.\nA method for ascertaining equilibrium valence state distributions of plutonium in acid solutions as a function of the plutonium\noxidation number and the solution acidity is illustrated with an example. The method may be more practical for manual use\nthan methods based upon polynomial equations.\nSediment core samples were collected from Hiroshima Bay in the Seto Inland Sea, western Northwest Pacific Ocean, and their\n239+240Pu activities and 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios were determined by sector field ICP-MS. The activities of 239+240Pu ranged from 0.556 ± 0.025 to 0.745 ± 0.023 mBq/g. The atom ratios of 240Pu/239Pu were almost constant within the whole depth; the average value was 0.227 ± 0.014. This atom ratio was significantly higher\nthan the mean global fallout ratio of 0.18, proving the presence of close-in fallout Pu that originated from the Pacific Proving\nGround (PPG). The water masses exchanges between the Kuroshio Current and the Seto Inland Sea brought the PPG source Pu to\nthis area, then Pu was extensively scavenged into sediment particles supplied by the rivers around the bay. The relative contributions\nof the global fallout Pu and the PPG close-in fallout Pu were evaluated by the two end-member mixing model. The contribution\nof the PPG close-in fallout was 38–41% of the total Pu in sediment. The remaining 59–62% was attributed to direct global fallout\nand the land-origin Pu transported by the rivers around the Hiroshima Bay.\nMethods of monitoring low plutonium concentration in the inner and outer atmosphere are analyzed and compared. It is shown that monitors based on the gross alpha counting of air filters are not sensitive enough to measure reliably plutonium activities below 1 MPC. A spectrometric discontinuously operating monitor using a gridded ionization chamber and a membrane filter having 70 cm2 active area is described. Plutonium activities of the order of 0.01 MPC /1 mBq.m–3/ can be measured by the spectrometer at 1 h sampling and 1 h counting time.\nPlutonium in nanogram quantities was isolated from uranium targets irradiated with charged particles. High decontamination was achieved using a method that combines anion exchange with extraction chromatography in tributyl phosphate/hydrochlorid acid solution system.\nIn the potentiometric titration of plutonium(III), it has been customary to take the equivalence point as the inflection point\non a plot of potential vs. volume of titrant.1 That the stoichiometric end point corresponds to the inflection point does not seem to have been theoretically demonstrated,\nhowever. The purpose of this letter is to suggest that these points may not correspond in the potentiometric titration of", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Is through radioactive decay. RADIOMETRIC DATING - Rocks or fossils may contain elements that are radioactive. Scientists use the ratio of parent isotope to daughter product to determine how many half . Leaching of the parent isotope out of the rock did not occur.\n(resolved by sampling. Radiometric dating is the method. For establishing the age of objects by measuring the levels of radioisotopes in the sample. http . Measuring the ratio of C14 to C12 and C13 therefore dates the organic. Matter for periods back to about eight half-lives of the isotope. For organic materials, the comparison is between the current ratio of a radioactive isotope Dating a stable 2019 of the Eurovision element and the Latini ratio of Dating two isotopes Albanien living organisms. Radiocarbon dating is one such Laino of radiometric dating.\nRadiometric Dating. is Dating stable non-radiogenic isotope of Pb, Albanien we Eurovision write two isochron equations Damua get two independent. Dates . Thus 2019 Hottest Dating Profile Pics Damus 14C Latino 14N in the Earth's atmosphere. Dqmus constant. Living organisms continually 2019 Carbon Damus Nitrogen with. Dxting dating works Latibo measuring how Albanien a radioactive Daring.\nHas decayed, and using its known decay Eurovision to Datign when the material was Dating. When a sample is Dating, the Latiho of C-14C-12 is measured and compared to this. If the radiometric dating problem has been solved in this manner, then. Why do we need isochrons, which are claimed to be more accurate? . This is corrected for by comparing the ratio argon-40argon-36 in the rock. With that in the atmosphere. Radiometric dating or radioactive dating is a technique used to date materials such as .\nA related method is ioniumthorium datingwhich measures the ratio of ionium . Luminescence dating methods are not radiometric dating methods in that they do not. Radiometric dating is based on the decay of long-lived. Radioactive isotopes that occur .", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "House Committee Approves Levin Request for $25 Million in Appropriations to Expedite Removal of Spent Nuclear Fuel from SONGS and Other Decommissioning Plants\nWashington, D.C. – Today, U.S. Representative Mike Levin (D-CA) announced that the House Appropriations Committee approved $25 million in funding for a consolidated interim storage (CIS) program at the Department of Energy (DOE) to remove spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from nuclear power plant sites across the country, including the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS).\nLast month, Representative Levin called on the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development to include $25 million to support the development of a consolidated interim storage program at the Department of Energy, complete the necessary applications, and assist with site preparation activities and regional transportation efforts of spent nuclear fuel.\n“I have said time and time again that the safest thing for my constituents is to move the nuclear waste at SONGS to a site that is not surrounded by millions of people and threatened by earthquakes and sea level rise,” said Representative Levin. “I am grateful to the Appropriations Committee for approving my funding request, which would expedite the removal of spent nuclear fuel from SONGS and other decommissioning nuclear plants across the country, and I hope that process can begin as quickly as possible.”\nSpecifically, Representative Levin requested $10 million for the initiation of a robust CIS program at DOE; $10 million for site preparation activities at Stranded Fuel sites preparing to move SNF to interim storage facilities; and $5 million to support DOE’s efforts to reinitiate Regional Transport compacts and transportation coordination. That funding is pending final enactment of the Energy and Water Development Appropriations bill.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Location: home > Ore Dressing Uranium Exploration\ngeology, exploration, ore processing and, to a lesser extent, also with mining. Almost all of these reports are strongly emphasizing the technology. The economic evaluation at the various stages of a uranium resource project, from exploration to production, is barely covered.Get Price\nNew uranium mining projects ukraine. in april 2008, the government set up the nuclear fuel concern based on the eastern ore mining and dressing plant, the novokostiantyniv uranium mine, staterun company smoly, the dnipropetrovsk works of precision pipes, and the ukrainian scientific research, design and exploration institute of industrial technologies.\nUs uranium mining and exploration. uranium mining in the usa today is undertaken by few companies on a relatively small scale. uranium exploration is undertaken by many companies, often going over areas that were mined in the 1950\nThis 27th edition features a comprehensive assessment of uranium supply and demand and projections as of 1 january 2017 to the year 2035. the basis of this assessment is a comparison of uranium resource estimates according to categories of\nAnd ore dressing experiments, the activities slowed down considerably, getting to the end with the studies of the geological survey of finland gtk from the late 1970s to the mid\nNov 14, 2013nbsp018332the once booming uranium market was now stagnant, with some of the oldest and largest companies on the colorado plateau pulling out. between 1961 and 1966, domestic uranium ore production dropped by 50 percent. 36 jcae 1967, p. 1294.\nIn nigeria, uranium exploration is performed by kulfana mining company ltd,... more details 187 get price. sgs nigeria uranium\nUranium exploration ira3002 b1 year experts equipment fellowships training subcontracts total grand total months cc cc s ncc months cc months ncc s cc cc ncc cc ncc 1991 5 44,250 . 44.250 44,250 1992 5 48,500 50,000 96,500\nThailand and uranium deposits pipat laowattanabandit ... exploration. since 1960s up until 2000, there were several ... traditional ore dressing techniques were used to separate monazite, xenotime and other heavy minerals from the tailings of tin ore. separation of uranium, thorium and rare earth\nThe hydrometallurgy plant 1151765520.22115176576.22e, 271763750.71271763849.95n surrounded by woodland and cultivated land in no. 721 uranium mining has been used for uranium ore dressing and metallurgy since 1970s. and there are some drainage pipes extended to tailings dam located in the north of the hydrometallurgy ...\nWho needs an exploration notice of intent exni exploration notices of intent are required for exploration of all minerals such as gold and silver, precious metals, coal, dimension stone, decorative stone, uranium, precious metals, aggregates, and oil and\nGold ore dressing processing could be the procedure that separating, enriching and extracting the uranium from uranium ore or ore with uranium, to get uranium items in diverse types. the uranium ore dressing techniques mostly consist of chemical mineral processing and physical mineral processing.\nUranium extraction from ore involves the use of acid or base to break own and extract uranium from the raw ore. these processes require significant amounts of acids or bases, the most commonly used being sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate, respectively.\nFluid pathways, and the orefluid processes involved. prior to the discovery of the cigar lake unconformity uranium deposit, basementhosted deposits accounted for approximately 50 percent of the known resources of the athabasca basin. with the subsequent increased emphasis on exploration for unconformity uranium, the basement\nManganese ore dressing towns in ghana ... with mining operations in australia and ghana and with headquarters in jersey our principal activities are the exploration mining processing and sale of manganese ore ... addition to oil which accounted for 80 of the countrys exports in 2004 gabon is a world leader in manganese potash uranium niobium ...\nThe nuclear fuel cycle consists of frontend steps that prepare uranium for use in nuclear reactors and backend steps to safely manage, prepare, and dispose of usedor spentbut still highly radioactive spent nuclear fuel.. uranium is the most widely used fuel by nuclear power plants for nuclear fission. nuclear power plants use a certain type of uraniumu\nUranium exploration and mining and ore processing activities, including the develop173 ment of hydrometallurgical processes. it is intended for chemists with a general background in analytical chemistry, but with limited experience in the analytical chemistry of uranium and of related elements. the manual is divided in two parts.\nManganese ore dressing. ... analytical techniques in uranium exploration and ore processing. sierra leone singapore uranium exploration and mining and ore processing activities including the develop\nLargest, richest uranium ore reserves in the world. uranium mining has grown to the point of being second only to copper in economic importance in metal mining west of the rocky mountains. there will be more pressure on public lands to produce minerals in the years to come. many partially developed nations are beginning to look to\nUranium u is a radioactive element that averages one to four parts per million in the earths crust. natural uranium contains about 0.7 of the u 235 isotope the fissile isotope and 99.2of the u 238 isotope. concentrations of uranium minerals such as uraninite, carnotite and brannerite can form commercial deposits.\nOre dressing exploration in tanzania. ore dressing exploration in tanzania. the above is the application of gold ore dressing equipment to the tanzania gold ore dressing plant project we will continue to share more case projects to help customers have a comprehensive understanding of the mining machines.\nMmi measures mobile metal ions, including uranium, in surface soils. these mobile metal ions are released from ore bodies and travel upward toward the surface. using sophisticated chemical processes and instrumentation, mmi is able to measure these ions, in surface soils, to determine accurately where uranium mineralization is located.\nA review is given of the role of oredressing mineralogy in the various stages of the development and exploitation of ores, from exploration, through laboratory and pilot\nThe atomic energy act and other legislative actions authorized the u.s. atomic energy commission aec, predecessor agency to the u.s. department of energy doe, to withdraw lands from the public domain and then lease them to private industry for mineral exploration specifically, the mining of uranium and vanadium ore.\nOct 22, 2017nbsp018332historical criteria it includes report on ancient mining activity, old mine working, archaeological activity, relict of ore dressing, smelting and local names. ancient mining activity is confined mainly to theexploration of gold, copper tin, silver,etc. 17.\nUranium exploration was carried out in finland from 19551989 by several organizations, including atomienergia oy, imatran voima oy, outokumpu oy, and the geological survey of finland gtk. the gtk abandoned its uranium exploration activities in the late 1980s. exploration began again in the 2000s by areva and some junior companies.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Shin Hanul 2 (Shin-Ulchin 2) is a 1,400MW nuclear reactor planned in North Gyeongsang, South Korea. According to GlobalData, who tracks and profiles over 170,000 power plants worldwide, the nuclear reactor is currently at the under construction stage. The construction on the reactor is likely to commence in Jun, 2013. The plant proponent is expected to achieve the first power from the reactor in 2023. Subsequent to the trial runs, the reactor is expected to enter into commercial operation in Sep, 2023. Buy the profile here.\nShin Hanul 2 (Shin-Ulchin 2) is a Generation III nuclear reactor being developed by Doosan Enerbility, the main contractor for the project.\nThe 1,400MW reactor is currently owned and will be operated by Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power. The company has a stake of 100%.\nShin Hanul 2 (Shin-Ulchin 2) is a type of PWR reactor. It will feature 241 fuel assemblies in the core of reactor, the place where fission occurs and energy is released. The project cost is expected to be around $3,266.2m.\nThe reactor construction is expected to commence from Jun, 2013. Subsequent to that it will enter commercial operation by Sep, 2023.\nDoosan Enerbility will be the steam turbine supplier for the nuclear reactor. KEPCO Engineering and Construction and Korea Engineering and Construction are expected to be the architect engineers for the reactor. The reactor system is likely to be supplied by Doosan Enerbility. The reactor vessel is expected to be supplied by Doosan Enerbility. The material used for the construction of the vessel will be SA508, Grade 3, Class 1. The civil works will be carried out by Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co Ltd, SK Engineering & Construction Co Ltd and GS Engineering & Construction.\nFor more details on Shin Hanul 2 (Shin-Ulchin 2), buy the profile here.\nAbout Doosan Enerbility\nDoosan Enerbility Co Ltd (Doosan Enerbility), formerly, Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co Ltd is a power plant equipment manufacturer. It offers integrated equipment and solutions for power and water plants. The company’s major products include boilers, generators, engines, turbines, steam generators, nuclear reactors, material handling equipment, castings and forgings and seawater desalination plants. It also offers construction equipment and undertakes the construction of apartment complexes, roadways, power plants and industrial plants. Doosan Enerbility along with its subsidiaries, branches and affiliates operates in the Middle East, the Americas, Africa, Europe and Asia-Pacific. It is a subsidiary of Doosan Corp. Doosan Enerbility is headquartered in Changwon, Yeongnam, South Korea.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Envoy: Iran’s Decision on Uranium Stockpile in Conformity with JCPOA\n- July, 02, 2019 - 11:43\n- Politics news\nTEHRAN (Tasnim) - Iran’s ambassador to Vienna-based international organizations described Tehran’s decision to let the stockpile of its enriched uranium pass 300 kilograms as a country’s right enshrined in the 2015 nuclear deal.\nHours after the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) announced that Iran’s enriched uranium stockpile has passed the 300 kg limit set by the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), Kazem Gharibabadi said the Islamic Republic’s measure was in conformity with the articles of the nuclear deal.\nHe said Iran’s Supreme National Security Council has already made it clear that Tehran has referred to the Articles 26 and 36 of the JCPOA to defend its rights.\n“It is now Europe’s turn to take serious practical measures to save the JCPOA, if they really care about its fate,” Gharibabadi added, noting that Iran could reverse its decision, provided that the E3 parties fulfill their commitments and guarantee Iran’s oil sale and trade interactions.\nIran has acted transparently in scaling down it JCPOA commitments, he added.\nThe envoy also expressed the hope that the international community would stand against the US bullying policies and support the JCPOA.\nIran entered the nuclear talks with “goodwill” and carried out its JCPOA commitments completely, he added, pointing to fifteen consecutive reports from the UN nuclear watchdog about Iran’s compliance with the nuclear deal ever since it came into force.\nIran’s Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif announced on Monday that the country has increased the level of its low-enriched uranium production to over 300 kilograms.\nThe move came as part of a decision by the Islamic Republic of Iran to reduce some of its commitments under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action in reaction to the US violation of its commitments and the Europeans’ failure to live up to their obligations.\nThe Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) first announced on June 17 that the country would speed up enriching uranium at the level of 3.67% and its stockpiles would exceed the 300kg limit within 10 days.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Department of Energy’s Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) recently marked a milestone after its drivers exceeded 16 million safe miles without a serious accident or injury—equivalent to 33 round trips to the moon or more than 642 trips around the world, the DOE’s Office of Environmental Management announced.\nLocated in southeastern New Mexico, WIPP is the DOE’s deep geological repository for defense-related transuranic waste. Since beginning operations in 1999, WIPP has received over 13,400 TRU waste shipments from 22 DOE sites across the country.\n“The safety of our shipments and operations at WIPP is our top priority,” said Mark Bollinger, acting manager for DOE-EM’s Carlsbad Field Office. “What is really impressive is if you include the miles driven without waste shipments, it is over 32 million safe miles. The credit goes to the men and women who transport these shipments on a daily basis; they are the best in the business.”\nTransport contractor: Since 2017, CAST Specialty Transportation has been the DOE’s sole transportation contractor for delivering TRU waste shipments to the underground waste repository. According to DOE-EM, WIPP drivers receive almost 200 hours of training before they transport their first shipment of TRU waste.\nDrivers also must meet extensive driving and background requirements before being considered for employment, EM said. Prior to transporting a shipment of TRU waste, they receive specific training related to these shipments. This includes use of package securement devices, radiation detection equipment, and emergency management procedures.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The IMRP programs has evolved since the first meeting in 1976 to ensure that it always reflect the needs, expectations and status of the industry and science of radiation processing. This evolution continues for IMRP20 and the Program Committee is currently developing content that is topical, enriched and lively.\nThe IMRP20 program will include plenary sessions with regional, technology and application updates from industry leaders. In a new format, there will also be three forums focussed on irradiation technologies, sterilization of healthcare products and phytosanitary irradiation. The irradiation technologies forum will cover developments in gamma, electron beam and X-ray irradiation technologies. The sterilization and phytosanitary irradiation forums are being developed in collaboration with the Society for Sterility Assurance Professionals (SfSAP) and the Phytosanitary Irradiation Platform (PsIP) to further strengthen their content. Separate registration for these two-day forums will be possible enabling participants to focus on their areas of interest and gain in depth understanding of these evolving technologies and applications.\nIMRP20 will continue to include panel discussions, poster presentations, an exhibition, technical tours, side events and a pre-conference training course for students.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The CONNECT Program\nThe CONsortium on Nuclear sECurity Technologies (CONNECT) is funded by the National Nuclear Security Administration Minority Serving Institution Partnership Program (NNSA MSIPP). This program is designed to build a pipeline between the Department of Energy's sites and labs and minority-serving institutions in STEM disciplines and bring a heightened awareness of NNSA plants and laboratories to institutions with a common interest in STEM research fields.\nStudents studying physics, computer science, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering, among other disciplines, will work together on interdisciplinary research and network with experts in the nuclear security field.\nThrough the synergy and leveraging of resources and expertise at three minority serving institutions and two world class national laboratories, we will educate scientists and engineers in the underlying science of nuclear security and nonproliferation; to be the pre-eminent center of research innovation that advances technology solutions in nuclear security in the following three areas:\n- Fuel cycle materials\n- Nuclear forensics signatures and advanced characterization\n- Enabling computational and data analytic techniques\nThe overarching goal of CONNECT is to educate and train the best next generation professionals with strong backgrounds in nuclear science, fissionable fuels fabrication and processing, nuclear materials characterization, nuclear forensic signatures, nuclear technology, and data and visual analytics, each collaboratively brought to bear on expanding the innovation envelope of nuclear security.\nThe consortium will conduct basic and applied research that exploits experimental and computational technologies to address grand challenges in nuclear science and engineering pertained to nuclear security.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Axion-gluon interaction induces quadratic couplings between the axion and the matter fields. We find that, if the axion is an ultralight dark matter field, it induces small oscillations of the mass of the hadrons as well as other nuclear quantities. As a result, atomic energy levels oscillate. We use currently available atomic spectroscopy data to constrain such axion-gluon coupling. We also project the sensitivities of future experiments, such as ones using molecular and nuclear clock transitions. We show that current and near-future experiments constrain a finely tuned parameter space of axion models. These can compete with or dominate the already-existing constraints from oscillating neutron electric dipole moment and supernova bound, in addition to those expected from near future magnetometer-based experiments. We also briefly discuss the reach of accelerometers and interferometers.\n|Physical review D\n|Published - 1 Jan 2024\nAll Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes\n- Nuclear and High Energy Physics", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Is that the same revamp as the nuclear recipe change above, or a second click? Definitely planning to run both of those.bobingabout wrote: ↑Mon Nov 04, 2019 6:12 pmthere's an option for bobrevamp. if the reactor revamp is turned on (and you have bobplates and bobpower with new reactors) then you will only be able to use uranium fuel in a uranium reactor, thorium in a thorium reactor and deuterium in a deuterium reactor.\nIf there option is turned off (or you lack bobpower's additional reactors) then any fuel works in any reactor.\nInteresting that I will need to run a blended reactor solution in perpetuity to keep the higher tier stuff fueled, but I really like that idea. Will need to see whether to have separate facilities, or go with a big array that blends all types of reactors. Complicated fiddly setups and ratios are factorio after all.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "H. R. 3995\nIN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES\nJune 17, 2021\nMr. Gonzalez of Ohio (for himself and Mrs. Luria) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned\nTo direct the Secretary of Energy to submit to Congress a report on the global nuclear leadership of the United States.\nThis Act may be cited as the\nTwenty-First Century Nuclear Security Act.\nReport on global nuclear leadership of the United States\nNot later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the Secretary of Commerce, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report analyzing—\nthe opportunities for advancing the interests of the United States with respect to global nuclear safety, nuclear security, and nuclear nonproliferation; and\nthe risks to such interests of the United States, and the risks to wider foreign policy influence by the United States, posed by the dominance of Russia in the global nuclear energy market and the increasing supply by China to such market.\nThe report under subsection (a) shall include the following:\nAn assessment of the historical role of civil nuclear cooperation agreements and supply arrangements made pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) in influencing the policies and practices of foreign governments concerning nuclear safety, nuclear security, and nuclear nonproliferation, and the wider foreign policy interests, including—\na description of possible opportunities for using nuclear cooperation agreements and related exports to improve nuclear safety, nuclear security, and nuclear nonproliferation, and the foreign policy interests of the United States;\na description of potential risks associated with such agreements and nuclear exports; and\na description of the potential market for small and advanced reactor technologies.\nAn assessment of the competitiveness of the United States against Russia and China in the global nuclear energy market, including—\na comparison of nuclear reactor research and design by Russia and China with analogous research and design by the United States;\na comparison of the ability of Russia and China to produce and export nuclear technology with analogous abilities of the United States;\na description of the factors enabling progress made by Russia and China regarding civil nuclear technology;\na comparison of the export policies of the United States with regard to civil nuclear technology, including the role, if any, of financial support, with such policies of Russia and China;\na list of specific reactor designs, including fuel characteristics, that Russia and China have offered for export; and\ndetails of any agreements made by Russia or China for exporting nuclear technology, including the duration, purchase price, potential profitability, any provisions regarding spent fuel take back, related regulatory support, and any other elements that compromise a competitive offer.\nAn assessment, if applicable, of the means by which Russia or China uses foreign-origin dual-use nuclear technology for military purposes.\nRecommendations for regulatory or legislative actions for developing a robust free-enterprise response designed to improve the competitiveness of the United States in the global nuclear energy market.\nAppropriate congressional committees defined\nIn this section, the term appropriate congressional committees means—\nthe congressional defense committees (as defined in section 101(a)(16) of title 10, United States Code);\nthe Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and\nthe Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Understanding Radiation Measurement Instruments\nIn the realm of radiation safety, precision is paramount. The cornerstone of accurate radiation measurement lies in the tools we employ for this critical task. Addressing the question posed - \"Which instrument is used for measuring radiation?\" - demands a nuanced exploration of devices designed to detect and quantify radiation levels.\nThe Geiger-Muller Counter: Unveiling the Answer\nUnraveling the Mystery\nAt the forefront of radiation measurement instruments stands the Geiger-Muller counter. This device, named after its inventors Hans Geiger and Walther Muller, is a pivotal tool for assessing ionizing radiation. Its functionality hinges on detecting the presence of radioactive particles by ionizing gas within its chamber.\nThe Geiger-Muller counter operates through a process where incoming radiation collides with gas atoms, creating ion pairs. The resulting electrical charge triggers a measurable signal, allowing for the quantification of radiation levels. This ingenious mechanism forms the bedrock of its efficacy.\nSignificance and Impact\nEnsuring Occupational Safety\nIn industries where exposure to radiation is a constant concern, such as nuclear power plants and medical facilities, the Geiger-Muller counter plays a pivotal role. Its swift and accurate readings empower workers to take timely precautions, mitigating potential health risks.\nBeyond the confines of occupational settings, the Geiger-Muller counter contributes significantly to environmental monitoring. Detecting abnormal radiation levels in the environment is crucial for identifying potential hazards and safeguarding public health.\nEvolution of Radiation Measurement\nWhile the Geiger-Muller counter remains a stalwart in radiation measurement, technological advancements have given rise to more sophisticated instruments. Scintillation detectors and ionization chambers, for instance, offer enhanced precision and application-specific advantages.\nChoosing the Right Tool\nSelecting the appropriate instrument depends on factors such as the type of radiation being measured, required sensitivity, and the environment in which the measurement occurs. A comprehensive understanding of these variables ensures optimal instrument selection for any given scenario.\nIn the dynamic landscape of radiation measurement, the Geiger-Muller counter emerges as a linchpin. Its historical significance, coupled with its enduring efficacy, cements its status as the go-to instrument for many applications. However, the evolving nature of technology beckons us to explore newer, more specialized tools, ensuring that our approach to radiation measurement remains as advanced as the risks we seek to mitigate.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)\nDefinition - What does Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) mean?\nA pressurized water reactor (PWR) is a nuclear reactor that uses water as a coolant and moderator, which produces steam to drive a turbine. Pressurized water reactors are used as source of nuclear power for submarines and power plants.\nPressurized water reactors constitute the large majority of all Western nuclear power plants. About two-thirds of the operating nuclear reactor power plants in the United States are PWRs.\nPWRs were initially designed to help as nuclear propulsion for nuclear submarines and were used in the original design of the second commercial power plant at Shippingport Atomic Power Station.\nCorrosionpedia explains Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)\nPressurized water reactors are a common nuclear power reactor design in which very pure water is:\n- Heated to a very elevated temperature by fission\n- Kept under high pressure (to prevent it from boiling)\n- Changed to steam by a steam generator (rather than by boiling, as in a boiling-water reactor)\nThe resulting steam is used to drive turbines, which stimulate generators to produce electrical power.\nA pressurized water reactor essentially operates like a pressure cooker, where a lid is tightly secured over a pot of heated water, causing the pressure inside to increase as the temperature increases (because the steam cannot escape), but keeping the water from boiling at the usual 212°F (100°C).\nTwo things are characteristic for the pressurized water reactor when compared with other reactor types: coolant loop separation from the steam system and pressure inside the primary coolant loop. In a PWR, there are two separate coolant loops (primary and secondary), which are both filled with demineralized/deionized water. In contrast, a boiling water reactor has only one coolant loop, while more exotic designs such as breeder reactors use substances other than water as a coolant and moderator.\nAdvantages of PWR include:\n- Easy to operate from a stability standpoint\n- Water in the secondary loop is not contaminated by radioactive materials\n- Can passively shut down the reactor in the event that offsite power is lost to immediately stop the primary nuclear reaction", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The TLD glass is a device used in measuring the level of radiation in high energy radiation environment like X or G-ray, UV, etc. in laboratory of radiation physics, polymer industry, food processing and material testing where moderate to high level (104-106 R) energetic radiation is used. The process of preparation of glass consists of two steps (i) preparation of a porous silica glass (ii) sintering of porous glass to a monolithic mass after doping the former with an organo copper compound. The glass prepared is used in powder form of TLD application. The present TLD glass is having a capability of measurement of a wider range of radiation dose (102- 106 R). Compared to conventional TLD material like CaSO4 : Dy, CaSO4, Tm, LiF TLD-600, etc. Gives a stable and consistent response in widely varying environmental condition, repeatedly usable for a larger number of times and it is economical.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "JINMACHI AIR BASE, Japan—The U.S. Navy is keeping all but critical missions from flying through a wide stretch of airspace above Japan’s overheating nuclear plant—an even larger area than the U.S. government has recommended that Americans avoid on the ground.\nThe air cordon is intended to ensure safety and keep routine flights from passing through potentially hazardous airspace, Cmdr. Jeff Davis, a spokesman for the U.S. 7th Fleet, said Friday.\nIt’s not a complete ban, with specific missions still being carried out inside a “heightened awareness zone,” Davis said. U.S. aircraft are conducting flights to measure radiation coming from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant, where reactors and fuel storage pools began overheating after the March 11 earthquake and tsunami knocked out cooling systems.\nThe restricted zone covers a radius of 100 nautical miles—or about 115 miles or 185 kilometers—above the Fukushima plant. The area is more than twice the 50-mile (80-kilometer) radius the U.S. government has urged Americans to avoid on the ground, which in turn is larger than the area where the Japanese government says people should either leave or stay indoors to prevent radiation exposure.\nSetting a wider safety zone for Americans was seen as another rebuke of Japan’s handling of the Fukushima crisis, which U.S. officials said was bleaker than the Japanese government has stated. The Navy this week widened its restricted flight zone first to 25 nautical miles (30 miles or 45 kilometers), then to 50 nautical miles (60 miles or 90 kilometers) and finally by Friday to 100 nautical miles.\nDavis said missions inside the zone take place only after evaluating “current atmospheric conditions to include wind direction, and ensure that extra precautionary measures are being taken.” He said crews are given potassium iodide, which retards absorption of radiation and reduces the risks of thyroid cancer, and are decontaminated if post-mission monitoring detects any contamination", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Keywords: plant pests\nThe Insect Pest Control Laboratory of the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme: Ten Years (2010–2020) of Research and Development, Achievements and Challenges in Support of the Sterile Insect TechniqueM. J. B. Vreysen, A. M. M. Abd-Alla, K. Bourtzis, J. Bouyer, C. Caceres, C. de Beer, D. Oliveira Carvalho, H. Maiga, W. Mamai, K. Nikolouli, H. Yamada and R. Pereira, Insects, 12. 2021.\nThe Joint FAO/IAEA Centre (formerly called Division) of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture was established in 1964 and its accompanying laboratories in 1961. One of its subprograms deals with insect pest control, and has the mandate to develop and implement the sterile ...\nKeywords: area-wide integrated pest management, autocidal control, genetic sexing, genetics and molecular biology, human disease vectors, IIT, incompatible insect technique, livestock bests, mass rearing, plant pests, SIT, sterile insect technique\nFoundation for the\nNational Institutes of Health", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "IN THE mountain village of Kara Agach in Kyrgyzstan people are unwittingly eating radioactive waste. Radium left behind by more than two decades of uranium mining during the Soviet era has contaminated their chickens, milk, potatoes and pears.\nA new study by Belgian and Kyrgyz scientists has shown that villagers are receiving radiation doses up to 40 times the internationally recommended safety limit, mostly from the food they grow. If the uranium waste dumps were dislodged by earthquakes or landslides, thousands more could be in danger. \"There is a potential for a radiological disaster to happen,\" says Hildegarde Vandenhove from the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre in Mol.\nIn the debate over the merits and demerits of nuclear energy, the situation in Kara Agach is a warning. Often the people and places that have to deal with the hazards of uranium mining are forgotten in discussions of the environmental costs of ...\nTo continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Concerns over Fukushima: Japan PM promises to act soon\nJapanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said on Monday the government will take prompt, comprehensive steps to clean up the wrecked Fukushima nuclear plant amid growing concerns about the plant operator's ability to handle it.\nTokyo: Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said on Monday the government will take prompt, comprehensive steps to clean up the wrecked Fukushima nuclear plant amid growing concerns about the plant operator's ability to handle it.\nEmbattled Tokyo Electric Power Co <9501.T>, or Tepco, said at the weekend that radiation near a tank holding highly contaminated water at the plant had spiked 18-fold, to a level that could kill an exposed person in four hours. No new leak had been detected at the tank, but another leak was found from a pipe connecting two other tanks.\nAbe reiterated that the government will step forward to take all necessary steps to handle the legacy of the world's worst nuclear disaster in a quarter century, adding it will draw up a fundamental plan to do so \"quickly.\"\nAbe's cabinet is likely to discuss this week funding for the Fukushima clean-up after a series of revelations about leaks of radioactive water at the coastal plant, said Tadamori Oshima, who heads the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's taskforce on post-disaster reconstruction.\nPublic concern over Fukushima, revived by the news of leaks of radiated water at the plant, have threatened to further delay the restart of other off-line reactors - a key part of Abe's plan for economic revival and a pillar of the turnaround plan Tepco has given its creditor banks.\nJapan's nuclear industry, which once provided a third of the nation's power, has nearly come to a halt since a massive earthquake and tsunami struck the Fukushima plant in March 2011, causing reactor meltdowns. Tepco has been pumping water over the reactors to keep them cool, and storing the radioactive waste water as well as contaminated ground water in ever-growing numbers of above-ground tanks.\nJapanese officials also fear that international attention to the Fukushima crisis could threaten Tokyo's bid to host the 2020 Olympic Games, a decision set to be made by the International Olympics Committee on Saturday in Buenos Aires.\nJapan's foreign ministry has begun issuing English language updates on the Fukushima plant and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government now carries the latest radiation data on its website showing that radiation levels in the capital, some 230 km (140 miles) from the stricken facility, are on par with or lower than London and New York.\nFind latest and upcoming tech gadgets online on Tech2 Gadgets. Get technology news, gadgets reviews & ratings. Popular gadgets including laptop, tablet and mobile specifications, features, prices, comparison.\nTokyo Olympics 2020: In Fukushima, torch relay faces cool welcome from 2011 nuclear disaster evacuees\nIn Fukushima, Tokyo Olympics 2020 torch relay faces cool welcome from 2011 nuclear disaster evacuees\nTwelve nuclear power comapnies will pay into a new entity set up to pay compensation for damages caused by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant disaster in proportion of power generated by each.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Results 1 - 10 of 44177\nResults 1 - 10 of 44177. Search took: 0.031 seconds\n|Sort by: date | relevance|\n[en] The ZED-2 (Zero Energy Deuterium) reactor is an experimental low-power critical facility located at the Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Chalk River Laboratories in Ontario, Canada. The facility is used to perform physics experiments in support of the CANDU and Advanced CANDU Reactor (ACR) programs. The reactor core is a large cylindrical vessel in which reactor fuel rods are positioned vertically. A heavy water moderator is pumped into the vessel to make the reactor critical. The ZED-2 design is very versatile: it can accommodate mixed fuel types in a variable number of fuel rods each with or without CANDU-type or ACR-type channels; channel coolants can be light or heavy water, or air, and can vary from channel to channel; lattices can be square or hexagonal with continuously variable lattice pitch; and some CANDU-type channels can be heated. Many of the experiments performed involve uniform cores containing the same type of fuel and channel in each fuelled location. However, at times a smaller number of fuel rods and channels are placed in the centre of a larger region of reference fuel to form a critical core assembly. These are called substitution experiments. The purpose of this paper is to describe why substitution experiments are performed, detail how they have historically been conducted and analyzed to extract the desired data from the test fuel, and finally how they are performed and analyzed today using specialized software.\n[en] Lowering the string scale in the TeV region provides a theoretical framework for solving the mass hierarchy problem and unifying all interactions. The apparent weakness of gravity can then be accounted by the existence of large internal dimensions, in the sub-millimeter region, and transverse to a braneworld where our universe must be confined. I review the main properties of this scenario and its experimental implications. (author)\n[en] We present lattice QCD simulation results from the European Twisted Mass Collaboration (ETMC) for the light, strange and charm quark contents of the nucleon. These quantities are important ingredients to estimate the cross-section for the detection of WIMPs as Dark Matter candidates. By employing a particular lattice QCD formulation, i.e. twisted mass fermions, accurate results of the light and strange scalar contents of the nucleon can be obtained. In addition, we provide a bound for the charm quark content of the nucleon. (author)\n[en] Strange quark nuggets (SQNs) could be the relics of the cosmological QCD phase transition, and they could very likely be the candidate of cold dark matter if survived the cooling of the later Universe, although the formation and evolution of these SQNs depend on the physical state of the hot QGP (quark-gluon plasma) phase and the state of cold quark matter. We reconsider the possibility of SQNs as cold dark matter, and discuss the astrophysical consequences of primordial SQNs in the early and present universe. In the early Universe, the formation of black holes inside primordial halos could be faster than that in the standard scenario, and speed up the formation of the supermassive black holes at high redshift. In the present Universe, the capture of SQNs by pulsars could trigger star-quakes, which could be the mechanism for pulsar-glitches. (author)\n[en] A simple parallelization approach using General Purpose computation on Graphics Processing Unit was applied for solving the MHD equations using the CIP-MOCCT method. We investigated the efficiency of this parallelization approach and found that the computational speed of the modified code is significantly improved despite the simple modification. (author)", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Fusion is a nuclear reaction that occurs when two light atoms combine to create one atom of a heavier element, in the process releasing a large burst of energy. Fusion is the Universe’s energy supply. All forms of energy generation on Earth are merely derived from fusion energy created by the stars. It does not generate the harmful waste of other energy sources, such as the greenhouse gasses produced by coal power or the nuclear waste associated with nuclear fission that powers today’s nuclear power plants. Fusion is considered to be a clean, safe and virtually limitless source of power that can meet global energy needs for generations to come.\nWe have an opening for a Research Engineer with experience in high energy plasma diagnostics.\nPlease contact us at email@example.com", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "One step at a time\nthe staged development of geologic repositories for high-level radioactive waste\nCompared to other large engineering projects, geologic repositories for high-level waste present distinctive challenges because: 1) they are first-of-a-kind, complex, and long-term projects that must actively manage hazardous materials for many decades: 2) they are expected to hold these hazardous materials passively safe for many millennia after repository closure; and 3) they are widely perceived to pose serious risks. As is the case for other complex projects, repository programs should proceed in stages. \"One Step at a Time focuses on a management approach called \"adaptive staging\" as a promising means to develop geologic repositories for high-level radioactive waste such as the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Adaptive staging is a learn-as-you-go process that enables project managers to continuously reevaluate and adjust the program in response to new knowledge and stakeholder input. Advice is given on how to implement staging during the construction, operation, closure, and post-closure, phases of a repository program.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The breast milk of about 10,000 mothers living in Fukushima Prefecture, home to the debilitated Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, will be tested for radioactive contimation.\nDetails have yet to be finalized, but officials are working out a plan to obtain the breast milk samples from new mothers in the region. The cost will is said to be about ¥50,000 per person.\nLast May and June, just months after the Japanese earthquake an tsunami, traces of radioactive cesium in the breast milk of 7 in 21 mothers were found.\nSo, so sad! Japanese is still dealing with such life-threatening effects of the disaster that occurred in March 2011.\nHere's hoping that the government finds a way to help these mothers and their newborns.\n[Image via AP Images.]", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "FLIR identiFINDER Handheld RIID\nThe original FLIR identiFINDER (ICX, Target Fieldspec) handheld spectrometer (RIID) for locating and identifying radioactive isotopes. The identiFINDER is a user-friendly instrument that identifies man-made and natural radionuclides and combines high sensitivity with a wide dose rate range. The instrument has a dual purpose design to facilitate locating missing or offending sources and then identifying the source via its gamma spectrometry and nuclide identification capability. The identiFINDER is a complete digital gamma spectroscopy and dose rate system. It integrates multi-channel analyzer, amplifier, high voltage power supply, and memory with an integral scintillation and GM detector.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Large-scale radiation accidents are few in number, but those that have occurred have subsequently led to strict regulation in most countries. Here, different accident scenarios involving exposure to radiation have been reviewed. A triage of injured persons has been summarized and guidance on management has been provided in accordance with the early symptoms. Types of casualty to be expected in atomic blasts have been discussed. Management at the scene of an accident has been described, with explanation of the role of the radiation protection officer, the nature of contaminants, and monitoring for surface contamination. Methods for early diagnosis of radiation injuries have been then described. The need for individualization of treatment according to the nature and grade of the combined injuries has been emphasized, and different approaches to the treatment of internal contamination have been presented. The role of nuclear medicine professionals, including physicians and physicists, has been reviewed. It has been concluded that the management of radiation accidents is a very challenging process and that nuclear medicine physicians have to be well organized in order to deliver suitable management in any type of radiation accident.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "A method is described by which muons are decelerated from MeV kinetic energies to energies below 50 keV inside a magnetic focusing device (cyclotron trap) and then extracted by an electric field into a magnetic guiding channel. Test measurements were performed which resulted in about 104/s extracted negative muons, in reasonable agreement with Monte-Carlo simulations. Using this method, muon beams in the energy range of 10-50 keV with intensities up to 105 μ-/s will be available in the near future.\n|Number of pages||8|\n|Journal||Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment|\n|Publication status||Published - Jul 21 1997|\n- Charged-particle beams\n- Muonic atoms\nASJC Scopus subject areas\n- Nuclear and High Energy Physics", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Nanoindentation techniques for the microstructure vs. mechanical property correlation of virgin and irradiated materials2022.01.20 9:45 - Katarzyna Kuźniar\nCharged particle irradiation can serve as a tool for the emulation of neutron irradiation damage, as damage levels can be attained at a fraction of the irradiation duration and cost. It is a method of choice for the rapid screening of the irradiation tolerance of materials as a precursor of more expensive neutron irradiation studies for nuclear reactor safety. Ion irradiation, however, has only micrometric penetration depths, requiring micro- or nanomechanical methods for the assessment of irradiation induced damage and material hardening, as compared to the macroscopic effects induced by neutron irradiation.\nInstrumented indentation techniques are useful to probe the nanomechanical properties and to fingerprint microstructural features of materials. Nanoindentation is sensitive to radiation-induced microstructural changes, irradiation damage and concomitant hardening, thereby facilitating the use of ion irradiation studies to emulate neutron irradiation.\nHowever, there are various ion vs. neutron transferability issues relating to differences in the damage processes, to the practical implementation of ion irradiation experiments, as well as to the nanoindentation method itself. The presentation focuses on benefits and limitations of different nanoindentation techniques enabling the assessment of ion-irradiation damage, such as the separation of the indentation size effect from the effect of ion irradiation under test, and the link between the nanoindentation response and the mechanical properties of interest.\nThe presentation capitalises on research completed by the “Multiscale Modelling for Fusion and Fission Materials” (M4F) project consortium in the dedicated \"Nanoindentation\" work package to which NCBJ contributed. The results to be presented help promote the use of ion irradiation for the emulation of material performance and degradation by neutron irradiation damage. This can accelerate the development of radiation tolerant materials for safe nuclear fission and fusion applications.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "About 60 years ago, scientists discovered that a certain rare earth metal-hydrogen mixture, yttrium, could be the ideal moderator to go inside small, gas-cooled nuclear reactors.\nTwo staff members at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory have received prestigious HENAAC and Luminary Awards from Great Minds in STEM, a nonprofit organization that focuses on promoting STEM careers in underserved\nHorizon31, LLC has exclusively licensed a novel communication system that allows users to reliably operate unmanned vehicles such as drones from anywhere in the world using only an internet connection.\nORNL researchers have developed an intelligent power electronic inverter platform that can connect locally sited energy resources such as solar panels, energy storage and electric vehicles and smoothly interact with the utility power grid.\nFrom materials science and earth system modeling to quantum information science and cybersecurity, experts in many fields run simulations and conduct experiments to collect the abundance of data necessary for scientific progress.\nScientists at the Department of Energy Manufacturing Demonstration Facility at ORNL have their eyes on the prize: the Transformational Challenge Reactor, or TCR, a microreactor built using 3D printing and other new approaches that will be up and running by 2023.\nFor the second year in a row, a team from the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge and Los Alamos national laboratories led a demonstration hosted by EPB, a community-based utility and telecommunications company serving Chattanooga, Tennessee.\nIn the race to identify solutions to the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory are joining the fight by applying expertise in computational science, advanced manufacturing, data science and neutron science.\nOAK RIDGE, Tenn., Feb. 19, 2020 — The U.S. Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Tennessee Valley Authority have signed a memorandum of understanding to evaluate a new generation of flexible, cost-effective advanced nuclear reactors.\nRigoberto “Gobet” Advincula has been named Governor’s Chair of Advanced and Nanostructured Materials at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Tennessee.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "STATUS: In progress with opposition\nOPPOSITION: Snake River Alliance\nBACKGROUND: Alternative Energy Holdings Inc. (AEHI) has proposed to build a 1,600-megawatt nuclear plant in Elmore County on 1,280 acres near Hammett, Utah. Early construction estimates by the developer are that it will cost between $4 and $5 billion to construct the plant, and will require 5,000 jobs at the peak of construction.\nThe original plan was to site the plant in nearby Owyhee County, but AEHI chose to move the project to Hammett due to a number of issues, including the discovery of a fault line at the site.\nThe developer’s plans to build the plant have stalled over the years due to siting and zoning issues, as well as environmental group opposition. The Snake River Alliance, a nuclear watchdog group, opposes the project citing water issues and radioactive waste storage as drawbacks to the plan. A spokesperson from the Alliance states “The last thing Idaho needs is a nomad nuclear power plant developer bouncing from county to county, looking for the best deal for his outrageously bad idea.” In November 2008, the Elmore County Planning and Zoning Commission rejected the developer’s proposal to re-zone land for the plant. In November 2009, however, the Commission voted 4-3 to begin amending the county comprehensive plan and remove conflicts with the rezoning application for the nuclear plant. The Snake River Alliance indicated that the vote merely allows for examination of possible future development and does not actually move the nuclear plant forward. In October 2009, the developer wrote to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission announcing that it expects to file the license application for the plant in the fourth quarter of 2011.\nOn October 28, 2010, AEHI secured private funding to cover payments for land, water rights, engineering work and Nuclear Regulatory Commission application fees to obtain a combined construction and operating license. Progress continues for the Hammett project, albeit slowly.\nSOURCES: AEHI (http://aehi.wordpress.com/);\nTimes-News Magic Valley (http://www.magicvalley.com/news/local/article_683fa07d-a401-5e6e-9af8-87e2242fcec1.html; http://www.magicvalley.com/news/local/article_1d92bce9-0387-5199-9fea-ea15e01c858c.html);\nMountain Home News (http://www.mountainhomenews.com/story/1324059.html).\nLast Updated: November 5, 2010", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Tehran: Iran is warning it will produce nuclear fuel on its own if there is no deal to have the West deliver the fuel in exchange for Tehran's enriched uranium by the end of January.\nForeign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki told state TV on Saturday the West must \"make a decision\" whether to accept the Iranian counterproposal to either sell Tehran the fuel or swap it for Iran's enriched uranium.\nMottaki said this is an \"ultimatum.\"\nHe says the international community \"has one month left\" to decide - or Tehran will enrich uranium to a higher level, needed for the fuel.\nIran dismissed an end of 2009 deadline on a UN-drafted deal to swap enriched uranium for nuclear fuel. The deal would have reduced Iran's capabilities to make nuclear weapons.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The US Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) recently posted guidelines on its continued operations during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While NNSA personnel are mostly working remotely, the agency is otherwise operating business-as-usual.\nThe US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issued a letter on April 9 to provide guidance on reporting requirements under 10 CFR 50.55a, “Codes and Standards,” in light of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The guidance is applicable to nuclear reactors licensed under 10 CFR Part 50.\nThe NRC issued its final Temporary Staff Guidance (Final Guidance) on April 6 on its review procedures for coronavirus (COVID-19)-related Part 26 exemption requests. The NRC previously issued a draft of this guidance on April 1 and also discussed the draft during a teleconference with the industry on April 2, which we reported on.\nThe US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issued a letter including frequently asked questions (FAQs) on April 7 to all agreement and non-agreement states to address the NRC’s regulation of nuclear materials—and its policies and recent activities related thereto—in light of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The NRC posted a copy of the FAQs to its password-protected Materials Security Toolbox and intends to update that site “as additional information becomes available.”\nThe US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issued a letter on April 7 to all NRC licensees authorized to possess byproduct, source, and special nuclear material – excluding operating power reactor and research test reactor licensees – outlining how those licensees might seek relief from certain regulatory requirements as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.\nAs we recently reported, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is prepared to grant exemptions to the work-hour controls in 10 CFR 26.205(d)(1)-(7) if the coronavirus (COVID-19) public health emergency affects a licensee’s staffing for workers who fall within the scope of Part 26.\nThe US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the US Department of Homeland Security’s Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) issued internal guidance on March 30 regarding potential discussions with licensees and offsite response organizations (OROs) related to the postponement and rescheduling of radiological emergency preparedness (REP) exercises due to the worsening coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.\nRead our recent LawFlash detailing the key takeaways for energy companies from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act signed into law on March 27. Although the act does not expressly provide relief for energy companies, many of its provisions impact energy sector companies.\nA week after first issuing guidance identifying the workers considered essential for critical industries in the United States during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the US Department of Homeland Security’s Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) on March 28, 2020, revised that guidance to capture a broader array of workers, particularly in the energy sector.\nOver the past few days, several civic and environmental organizations have requested that federal departments and agencies pause rulemaking activities in response to the worsening coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "These guys play popular S.T.A.L.K.E.R. video game for real. They on purpose go to the Chernobyl area of the nuclear disaster explosion site dress in Stalker themed cloths and play, even involving armored vehicles and real guns. And that’s all just a few yards away from the disaster site, the place where there is still a high dose of radiation in the soil.\nsubmitted by hooey.ru via star-dreamer", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Transport Efficiency Studies for Light-Ion Inertial Confinement Fusion\nNAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC\nPagination or Media Count:\nThe proposed Laboratory Microfusion Facility LMF will require greater than or equal to 10 MJ of 30 MeV lithium ions to be transported and focused onto high-gain, high-yield inertial confinement fusion targets. The light-ion LMF approach used a multi modular system with individual ion extraction diodes as beam sources. Several transport schemes are being considered to deliver the individual ion beams to the centrally located target. Previous work P.F. Ottinger, D.V. Rose, and C.L. Olson, J. Appl. Phys. 75, 4402 1994 examined the effect of time-of-flight bunching on energy transport efficiency, eta t, under realistic constraints on diode operation, beam transport, and packing. Target design considerations suggest that the instantaneous power efficiency, gamma t, be maximized near peak power. Because of time-of-flight bunching, peak power occurs at the end of the power pulse for LMF designs. This work examines the effect of power efficiency running on eta t for three transport schemes. Results indicate that tuning the power pulse to maximize gamma t, at about three-quarters through the pulse provides high power efficiency at the end of the pulse while still maintaining high eta t. In addition to power efficiency tuning, effects on eta t from variations of the diode impedance model and the diode voltage waveform are also examined. Light- ion, Inertial confinement fusion.\n- Electrical and Electronic Equipment\n- Electricity and Magnetism\n- Particle Accelerators\n- Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particle Physics", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Why I Believe that Nuclear Energy is the Safest Form of Energy\n- Jul 7, 2018 1:03 am GMT\nOne of the advantages of having a father who was a nuclear safety researcher is that I had a chance to look at nuclear safety from the inside rather than from the outside. Most of my father’s work during his twenty-nine year Oak Ridge career was either directly or indirectly related to nuclear safety. My father made significant contributions to the safety of reactors in several respects. He also made contributions to the study of the release of radioisotopes in the environment through a number of sources including natural gas. He concluded that radioisotopes from natural gas could be far more dangerous to customers than radioisotopes from nuclear power plants because some radioisotopes are delivered to homes through natural gas pipes. Needless to say, people who are frightened about radiation from nuclear power plants steadily ignore the far more dangerous problem of radio active materials traveling into the home through natural gas pipes. My father estimated that there were as many as ten thousand causalities in the US every year due to breathing radioisotopes transmitted to the home by natural gas. Critics of nuclear power do not worry about the radiation safety problems of natural gas even though they may be far more serious.\nThe first commercial reactors were far less safe than the current generation of reactor design. Reactor scientists expressed their concern during the 1960s and early 1970, although the nuclear establishment in Washington D.C. steadfastly refused to acknowledge the problem. Eventually, this refusal led to the Three-Mile Island accident, but subsequently great strides were made in improving nuclear safety. The accident at Fukushima was the result of human error as well as huge and unexpected natural events. The human error was not anticipating a natural event; a forty-five foot tsunami that overwhelmed the backup generation system of the Fukushima reactors. This deprived the reactors of coolant water and eventually led to partial core meltdowns. Despite these catastrophic accidents, no one was killed by core meltdowns or the radiation released as a consequence. The truth is, that no one has ever been killed as a result of a commercial reactor core meltdown.\nIn contrast, construction and maintenance workers have fallen to their death from wind generator towers making wind far more dangerous than a nuclear power plant. There have also been causalities in relationship to both solar voltaic installations and concentrated solar energy facilities. Despite this evidence, some claim that nuclear power is more dangerous. When asked to explain this claim, they say that accidents will happen because we are human and human beings always make mistakes, however there is one way to avoid human mistakes leading to serious nuclear accidents. That is to take human judgment out of the equation. Reactors can be designed so that they will be safe by nature.\nNuclear accidents in the past have been the consequence of human errors, but if you take the safety out of the hands of human operators and place it in the hands of Mother Nature you can avoid accidents. How do you put nuclear safety in the hands of Mother Nature? In a West African nation called Gabon in a place called Okla there is a Uranium mine. Scientist exploring the Uranium mine discovered evidence that ore in the Uranium deposit had gone critical spontaneously some two billion years ago and continued to go critical at times over a period of several million years. The criticality came about as underground water seeped into the ore and, as in Light Water Reactors, it moderated neutron speed thus stimulating a chain reaction.\nThere were as many as twenty separate natural reactors uncovered in the mine none of which had what could be called a nuclear accident. As the temperature of water in the ore went up, it boiled away and as it boiled away the chain reaction slowed and then stopped. The heat was not great enough to melt the ore and most of the nuclear byproducts did not leave the locality. Eventually, as the natural reactor cooled, water seeped back into it and the chain reaction commenced again. Finally, the amount of U-235 in the ore became too low to sustain further chain reactions and the natural reactors died. The Okla events tell us that by following the laws of nature nuclear safety is possible. Furthermore, if we are only following the laws of nature, it is not possible for mistakes in human judgment to produce major accidents. We need only trust the laws of nature to establish safe nuclear power. Unfortunately, safety of Light Water Reactors is not based on the laws of nature. Their safety is based on multi layered defense systems.\nThe latest generation of reactors is designed to partially use natural safety, but still has to go on the multi layered defense system in order to make them safe enough. The next generation of reactors called generation IV includes a number of designs that are even safer than the most recent water cooled reactor designs. These include both the Integral Fast Reactor and all forms of Molten Salt Reactors including LFTRs. Critics of nuclear safety often fail to recognize the evolution of reactor safety design and further fail to recognize the potential for developing even safer reactors. Given that nuclear power is now the safest form of energy and that very great improvements in nuclear safety are possible, the arguments against nuclear power for safety reason are absurd. The critics of nuclear power have been informed of the actual situation of nuclear safety. The source of information is science, thus the attacks on the safety of nuclear power are attacks on science.\nPhoto Credit: Nuclear Energy and Safety Concerns/shutterstock\nGet Published - Build a Following\nThe Energy Central Power Industry Network is based on one core idea - power industry professionals helping each other and advancing the industry by sharing and learning from each other.\nIf you have an experience or insight to share or have learned something from a conference or seminar, your peers and colleagues on Energy Central want to hear about it. It's also easy to share a link to an article you've liked or an industry resource that you think would be helpful.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2014)\nThe Bragg peak is a pronounced peak on the Bragg curve which plots the energy loss of ionizing radiation during its travel through matter. For protons, α-rays, and other ion rays, the peak occurs immediately before the particles come to rest. This is called Bragg peak, after William Henry Bragg who discovered it in 1903.\nWhen a fast charged particle moves through matter, it ionizes atoms of the material and deposits a dose along its path. A peak occurs because the interaction cross section increases as the charged particle's energy decreases. Energy lost by charged particles is inversely proportional to the square of their velocity, which explains the peak occurring just before the particle comes to a complete stop. In the upper figure, it is the peak for alpha particles of 5.49 MeV moving through air. In the lower figure, it is the narrow peak of the \"native\" proton beam curve which is produced by a particle accelerator of 250 MeV. The figure also shows the absorption of a beam of energetic photons (X-rays) which is entirely different in nature; the curve is mainly exponential.\nThis characteristic of proton beams was first recommended for use in cancer therapy by Robert R. Wilson in his 1946 article, Radiological Use of Fast Protons. Wilson studied how the depth of proton beam penetration could be controlled by the energy of the protons. This phenomenon is exploited in particle therapy of cancer, specifically in proton therapy, to concentrate the effect of light ion beams on the tumor being treated while minimizing the effect on the surrounding healthy tissue.\nThe blue curve in the figure (\"modified proton beam\") shows how the originally monoenergetic proton beam with the sharp peak is widened by increasing the range of energies, so that a larger tumor volume can be treated. The plateau created by modifying the proton beam is referred to as the spread out Bragg Peak, or SOBP, which allows the treatment to conform to not only larger tumors, but to more specific 3D shapes. This can be achieved by using variable thickness attenuators like spinning wedges.\n- Charlie Ma, C-M; Lomax, Tony (2012). Proton and carbon ion therapy. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 4. ISBN 9781439816073.\n- \"Bragg Curves and Peaks\". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 27 January 2016.\n- Wilson, Robert R. (1946-11-01). \"Radiological Use of Fast Protons\". Radiology. 47 (5): 487–491. doi:10.1148/47.5.487. ISSN 0033-8419. PMID 20274616.\n- Trikalinos, TA; et al. (2009). Particle Beam Radiation Therapies for Cancer [Internet]. Comparative Effectiveness Technical Briefs, No. 1. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). pp. ES1–ES5.\n- Jette, D.; Chen, W. (2011). \"ShieldSquare Captcha\". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 56 (11): N131-8. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/56/11/N01. PMID 21558588.\n- Paganetti, Harald; Bortfeld, Thomas. \"Proton Beam Radiotherapy - The State of the Art1\" (PDF). AAPM. p. 16. Retrieved 27 January 2016.\n- Wagenaar, Douglas (1995). \"7.1.3 The Bragg Curve\". Radiation Physics Principles. Archived from the original on 1 March 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2016.\n- \"Bragg peak\". Oxford Reference. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 27 January 2016.\n- Hojo, Hidehiro (3 July 2017). \"Difference in the relative biological effectiveness and DNA damage repair processes in response to proton beam therapy according to the positions of the spread out Bragg peak\". Radiation Oncology. 12 (1): 111. doi:10.1186/s13014-017-0849-1. PMC 5494883. PMID 28673358. Retrieved 18 March 2021.\n- Endo, Masahiro (20 October 2017). \"Robert R. Wilson (1914–2000): the first scientist to propose particle therapy—use of particle beam for cancer treatment\". Radiological Physics and Technology. 11 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1007/s12194-017-0428-z. PMID 29058267. S2CID 3526846. Retrieved 19 March 2021.\n- Grun, Rebecca (10 January 2017). \"Systematics of relative biological effectiveness measurements for proton radiation along the spread out Bragg peak: experimental validation of the local effect model\". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 62 (3): 890–908. doi:10.1088/1361-6560/62/3/890. PMID 28072575. Retrieved 19 March 2021.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Excellent learning and peer-to-peer networking opportunities with a cross-section of the nuclear industry.\nThe world’s first certified professional development programme for individuals in nuclear security management.\nAn extensive archive of information on nuclear security, both from WINS and from external sources.\nHelping licensees assess the maturity of their security programme and measure their security culture effectiveness.\nThis WINS International Best Practice Guide focuses on some of the basic principles, issues and considerations surrounding the security of radioactive sources in a medical facility.\nIt provides an overview of the responsibilities and liabilities of radioactive sources in a healthcare facility, beginning with the crucial role that leadership plays. It also explains the IAEA categories for radioactive sources, which range from extremely dangerous (Category 1) to most unlikely to be dangerous (Category 5), and explains some of the characteristics of radioactive sources that make them particularly attractive to an adversary.\nIn addition, the guide addresses the threats that potential adversaries pose, including the creation of a radiological dispersal device (i.e. dirty bomb); how to design and implement a security programme for a medical facility; and the kinds of information that should be addressed in a security plan.\nThe guide also discusses basic security principles, such as taking a graded approach, defence in depth, security by design, and implementing the four security objectives: deter, detect/assess, delay and respond. In addition, it explains why security culture is so important, how to address the insider threat, and the need to integrate safety and security.\nFinally, the guide emphasises the need to optimise the security system, ensure staff competence and trustworthiness, plan for end of life, and consider adopting alternative technologies.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "THE ASSOCIATED PRESS\nSeptember 15, 2021 at 12:10 JST\nIn this Feb. 27, 2021, file photo, tanks (in gray, beige and blue) store water that was treated but is still radioactive after it was used to cool down spent fuel at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant in Okuma, Fukushima Prefecture. (AP Photo)\nOfficials at Japan’s wrecked Fukushima nuclear power plant have acknowledged they neglected to investigate the cause of faulty exhaust filters that are key to preventing radioactive pollution, after being forced to replace them twice.\nRepresentatives of the operator, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, made the revelation Monday during a regular review of the Fukushima No. 1 plant at a meeting with Japanese regulatory authorities. Three reactors at the plant melted following a massive earthquake and tsunami in 2011.\nThe filters are designed to prevent particles from escaping into the air from a contaminated water treatment system--called Advanced Liquid Processing System--that removes selected radioactive isotopes in the water to below legal limits.\n“At the core of this problem is TEPCO’s attitude,” a Nuclear Regulation Authority commissioner, Nobuhiko Ban, said at the meeting.\nTEPCO has been repeatedly criticized for coverups and delayed disclosures of problems at the plant. In February, it said two seismometers at one reactor had remained broken since last year and failed to collect data during a powerful earthquake.\nCompany officials said that 24 out of 25 filters attached to the water treatment equipment had been found damaged last month, after an alarm went off as workers were moving sludge from the unit to a container, temporarily suspending the water treatment. The operation partially resumed last week after the filters were replaced.\nTEPCO said it had detected similar damage in all of the filters two years ago, but never investigated the cause of the problem and did not take any preventive steps after replacing the filters.\nAnother regulatory commissioner, Satoru Tanaka, said at the meeting that the utility company should have responded to the problem more quickly to minimize the risk of possible radiation leakage into the environment.\nTEPCO officials said dust monitors indicated no radiation leaks to the outside or exposure to plant workers inside the water treatment facility.\nAkira Ono, head of TEPCO’s decommissioning unit, said he regretted the utility’s failure to address the problem earlier. He promised to improve safety management.\nJapanese officials are working with the International Atomic Energy Agency to prepare to discharge into the ocean the wrecked plant’s cooling water, treated so its radioactivity levels are below legal limits. Slated to start in spring 2023, the controversial plan is fiercely opposed by Fukushima’s fishing community, as well as local residents and nearby countries.\nFully decommissioning the nuclear plant is expected to take decades, experts say.\nVisit this page for the latest news on Japan’s battle with the novel coronavirus pandemic.\nA mother of two sons recounts the days when she lived with the novel coronavirus.\nHistorians describe the Nomonhan Incident, a little-known 1939 Japan-Soviet border conflict, as the starting point of World War II.\nThe Asahi Shimbun aims “to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls” through its Gender Equality Declaration.\nLet’s explore the Japanese capital from the viewpoint of wheelchair users and people with disabilities with Barry Joshua Grisdale.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Prototype electron phantom for radiographic and radiochromic film dosimetry\nRobertson, Chad Joseph, B.S. Louisiana Tech University, 2006 Master of Science, Spring Commencement, 2006 Major: Medical Physics and Health Physics Prototype Electron Phantom for Radiographic and Radiochromic Film Dosimetry Thesis directed by Professor Kenneth R. Hogstrom Pages in thesis, 133. Words in abstract, 350 ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this work is to develop a solid electron beam film phantom for use with radiographic film (RGF) and radiochromic film (RCF) to measure relative dose distributions in a principal plane containing the central axis for 6¨C20MeV electron beams. It was hypothesized that relative dose distributions measured using film will agree with corresponding diode measurements within ¡À2% of the central-axis maximum dose or ¡À1mm distance-to-agreement (DTA). Method and Materials: Three prototype film phantoms were designed at Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center and constructed by Gammex-RMI, Inc. Relative dose measurements, planar (2D) dose distributions containing central-axis, were acquired in the phantom using both Kodak-XV RGF and GafChromic-EBT RCF. Correspondingly, diode measurements were acquired utilizing a Scanditronix-Wellhofer 2D-water phantom. For prototype 3, dose distributions were measured at 100-cm SSD using a 15x15-cm2 field-size at 6, 9, 12, 16, and 20 MeV, as well as 2x2-cm2 and 4x4-cm2 field-sizes at 9 and 16 MeV. Relative dose differences were evaluated with respect to regional criteria of acceptability: (1) high dose, low dose-gradient region (¡Ü 2 % dose), (2) high dose-gradient region (¡Ü 2 mm DTA), and (3) low-dose, low dose-gradient region (¡Ü 2 % dose). Results: RGF depth-dose measurements agreed with diode measurements within all criteria for all measurements conditions. 2D dose distributions were in agreement with over 98% of measured dose points agreeing within ¡À2% dose or ¡À1mm DTA for all energies (6¨C20MeV, 15x15-cm2). RCF depth-dose measurements agreed for all measurement conditions in all regions excluding the build-up region (<1¨C2cm depth), where measurements were approximately 3¨C4% low. 2D dose distributions reflected differences seen in the depth-doses with 90% of data points within criteria. Conclusion: With appropriate modifications, the prototype 3 phantom is capable of accurately measuring relative electron dose distributions using RGF sufficiently for clinical use. RCF measurements acquired in the same phantom consistently underestimated diode measurements by 3¨C4% at depths <2-cm. The cause of this systematic error, believed to be a combination of film-edge misalignment and RCF depth-dependency, must be resolved before prototype phantom 3 with appropriate modifications would be acceptable for clinical use.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "A characteristic spectrum of relic gravitational radiation is produced by a period of “stringy inflation” in the early Universe. This spectrum is unusual, because the energy density rises rapidly with frequency. We show that correlation experiments with the two gravitational-wave detectors being built for the Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Observatory could detect this relic radiation for certain ranges of the parameters that characterize the underlying string cosmology model.\n|Number of pages||5|\n|Journal||Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology|\n|State||Published - 1 Jan 1997|\nASJC Scopus subject areas\n- Nuclear and High Energy Physics\n- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Atomic America: How a Deadly Explosion and a Feared Admiral Changed the Course of Nuclear History by Todd Tucker\nRequirements: .ePUB reader, 1.5MB\nOverview: On January 3, 1961, nuclear reactor SL-1 exploded in rural Idaho, spreading radioactive contamination over thousands of acres and killing three men. The army blamed “human error” and a sordid love triangle. Though overshadowed by Three Mile Island, SL-1 remains the only fatal nuclear reactor incident in American history.\nTodd Tucker, who first heard the rumors about the Idaho Falls explosion as a trainee in the navy’s nuclear program, suspected there was more to the accident than rumors suggested. Poring over hundreds of pages of primary sources and interviewing survivors revealed that the army and its contractors had deliberately obscured the true cause of the accident, which resulted from poor engineering as much as uncontrolled passions.\nThe National Reactor Testing Station, where the meltdown occurred, had been a proving ground where engineers, generals, and admirals attempted to realize the Atomic Age dream of unlimited power-amid the frantic race for nuclear power between the army, the navy, and the air force. The fruit of those ambitious plans included that of the nation’s unofficial nuclear patriarch, Admiral Rickover, whose “true submarine,” the USS Nautilus, would forever change naval warfare. But with the meltdown in Idaho came the end of the army’s program and the beginning of the navy’s long-standing monopoly on military nuclear power. Atomic America provides a fast-paced narrative history, advocating caution and accountability in harnessing nuclear energy.\nGenre: Non-Fiction > History", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Third Friday Professional Development Webinar – February 2021\nThe Role of Nuclear Energy in our Future Energy System\nSpeaker: John Kotek\nJohn Kotek is Vice President for Policy Development and Public Affairs at the Nuclear Energy Institute. Prior to joining NEI in 2017, he worked for the U.S. Department of Energy, where he was nominated by President Obama to serve as Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy. From 2010-2012, John served as Staff Director to the Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future, which recommended a new strategy for managing nuclear waste in the United States. In 2002, John was the American Nuclear Society’s Glenn T. Seaborg Congressional Fellow, serving in the Office of Senator Jeff Bingaman (D-NM). John began his career with the U.S. Department of Energy in 1989, and from 1999 to 2003 was a nuclear energy R&D program manager at Argonne National Laboratory. He holds a BS in Nuclear Engineering from the University of Illinois and an MBA from the University of Maryland.\nJohn will discuss developments in energy policy and nuclear energy technology. He’ll explain how nuclear energy fits into the decarbonization plans of U.S. utilities; will provide an overview of the types and status of next-generation reactors; will discuss ongoing efforts to demonstrate commercial-scale production of hydrogen and opportunities for nuclear as a source of industrial heat; and will explore the business and policy drivers that are raising interest in next-generation nuclear energy systems.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "I do not see the phi(1020) meson appearing in the list of transportable Fluka particles. Does it mean that this particle (resonance) is discarded completely?\nNo: FLUKA distinguishes between particles that are produced (COMMON block PART) and particles that are transported (COMMON block PAPROP). All particles and resonances listed in Particle Data Group, with the exception of those containing quarks heavier than charm, are produced. Those which have a very short lifetime, i.e. the resonances with hadronic decay, are decayed immediately after their production. The reason is that even at the highest energies their path would be irrelevantly short. In particular phi(1020) is indeed produced and has its decay list according to measured branching ratios, in this case K+K- (49.2%) and Klong Kshort (34%).\nInternally to the code, produced particles and transported particles have different numbering schemes. Only transported particle numbers are normally accessible to the user.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "\"The E3 decided with the full support of the United States that the best way to support the IAEA's process was to refrain from putting forward the draft resolution at the meeting of the board of governors,\" Price said during a press briefing. \"We are pleased with the outcome of IAEA board of governor's meeting with respect to Iran.\"\nEarlier in the week, Germany, France and the United Kingdom announced plans to submit a US-backed draft resolution to the IAEA Board of Governors on Friday that would have aimed to rebuke Iran for restricting the organization's inspection activities. However, the Iranian Foreign Ministry urged the countries on Thursday against going forward with this step as it would disrupt the cooperation under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).\nThe IAEA chief Rafael Grossi said on Thursday that Iran was willing to sit down with the agency's technical experts in a month to discuss current issues, including recent discovery of uranium particles at suspected nuclear sites.\nRussia’s permanent representative to international organizations in Vienna, Mihail Ulyanov, said the decision to scrap the vote on the resolution was commendable and allows for a diplomatic approach, adding that adopting the resolution could have led to \"uncontrolled escalation.\"\nOn February 23, Iran started limiting the scope of the IAEA's inspections as a temporary measure until the sanctions against Iran are lifted. The UN nuclear watchdog reached a temporary bilateral understanding with Iran in February, which allows international inspectors a limited access to nuclear sites for three additional months after Iran's threat to shut them out.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Warren Buffett tells CNBC's Becky Quick tonight that he won't be going to Japan next week, as had been originally planned.\nHe had hoped to make the trip, but canceled after authorities in Japan suggested it would not be the best time to visit.\nThe earthquake and tsunami-damaged nuclear reactors that threaten to release large amounts of radiationare also located in Fukushima.\nCurrent Berkshire stock prices:\nFor more Buffett Watch updates follow alexcrippen on Twitter.\nEmail comments to firstname.lastname@example.org", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "This blog was written by Sara Barczak, former Regional Advocacy Director with the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy.Guest Blog | March 17, 2011\nAs more are reported dead and the Japanese people endure difficult weather conditions, lack of water and food and the emotional turmoil of the unfolding aftermath, the nuclear disaster becomes even more dire. Events continued to escalate as the essential, remaining workers at the failing Fukushima nuclear reactors were ordered to evacuate on Wednesday morning (in Japan) due to high radiation levels. The crisis appears to be spiraling out of control as four reactors are now seriously compromised; reactors Unit 1, 2 and 3 are in partial meltdown and the spent fuel pool in reactor Unit 4 has had multiple fires and the highly radioactive spent fuel rods are in danger. The full extent of damage remains unknown as conflicting reports from Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) continue to circulate — a private company with a troubled history. Crucial details that would help experts worldwide assess the situation are just now being shared — and some may not yet be known. The New York Times reported that radiation levels were extremely high and quoted U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Chair Gregory Jackzo stating, “We believe that radiation levels are extremely high, which could possibly impact the ability to take corrective measures.” U.S. citizens were advised to evacuate to a 50-mile (80km) radius – much further than the current 12-mile (20 km) zone imposed by the Japanese government.\nAs more nations call their nuclear energy policies into question, sentiments in the U.S. are varied. We reported yesterday that Secretary of Energy Chu is still advocating for new nuclear power reactors. But some proponents of nuclear energy are calling for more review of policy and safety measures, including U.S. Senator John McCain who agrees that a review would be prudent. And of course, utilities in the Southeast continue to downplay the events in Japan including Duke Energy and Southern Company, both who arrogantly march forward refusing to even pause to review the lessons to be learned from this disaster as they rush to build new nuclear reactors in South Carolina and Georgia.\nMost notably, the New York Times reports that China is halting all of its new nuclear development until safety measures can be strengthened and inspections of old plants can be strengthened. This is a significant shift in China’s policy from just days ago and represents a responsible announcement of caution from the global leader in new reactor development. Going a step further, Germany will close its seven (7) pre-1980 reactors until at least June to assess safety factors as Switzerland reevaluates its “blanket authorizations” until safety standards can be thoroughly assessed. Read more about international responses to the Japan nuclear disaster here. We find it very, very troubling that the Obama Administration has not yet expressed these same concerns. It is overdue and it must happen.\nHere are some resources for tracking developments that we have not previously mentioned:\n- Physicians for Social Responsibility held a tele-press conference on Wednesday, March 16 with experts on the health affects of the radiation being released in Japan;\n- The Japan Atomic Industrial Forum has comprehensive reports of the status of the reactors;\n- The New York Times is blogging up-to-date information on Congressional hearings questioning Secretary of Energy Chu and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Chair, Gregory Jackzo;\n- Friends of the Earth is providing updates as they become available, including interviews with experts;\n- The Washington Post has compiled a series of images to accompany an overview of the international nuclear debate, as well as 5 Myths About Nuclear Energy.\nAs we all watch what is happening, it is hard to imagine the incredible stress that the emergency workers at the site are working under–especially given the acknowledgment that Japan’s Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare raised the maximum legal exposure for nuclear workers to 250 millisieverts from 100 millisieverts. It described the move as “unavoidable due to the circumstances.” Let us hope and pray that those workers have the strength to continue as it appears they may be the only defense left.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Media Contact: Fred Strohl (email@example.com)|\nCommunications and External Relations\nORNL researcher named editor-designate of Fusion Technology publication\nOAK RIDGE, Tenn.,\nSep. 21, 2000\nNermin A. Uckan of the Department of Energy's (DOE) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been named editor-designate of the technical journal Fusion Technology, a publication of the American Nuclear Society.\nUckan, a senior scientist and program leader in charge of the ORNL Next-Step Fusion Studies, will become editor of the publication in June 2001. Her appointment concludes a year-long search for a replacement for George Miley, a professor from the University of Illinois and founding editor of the publication.\nShe is a fellow of the American Nuclear Society and a recipient of the Outstanding Lifetime Achievement Award from the organization's Fusion Energy Division for her contributions to fusion science and engineering.\nUckan has worked at ORNL for more than 25 years and has held numerous positions. She has a broad background and experience in the physics and engineering of magnetic fusion energy and has worked on plasma transport, plasma performance, plasma waves and current drive, burning plasma physics, plasma engineering, physics-safety interface, magnetic configurations and various fusion reactor studies.\nHer present research is in plasma engineering, burning plasmas, fusion power plant studies and fusion energy development. She has published more than 200 technical papers/reports on these topics. Uckan has taught a number of undergraduate and graduate courses at the University of Tennessee, where she serves as adjunct professor of nuclear engineering.\nUckan obtained bachelor of science and master's degrees in electrical engineering from the Technical University of Istanbul, Turkey. As a NATO Scholar at the University of Michigan, she earned additional master's degrees in nuclear engineering, computer information and control engineering and mathematics. Uckan also earned a doctorate in nuclear engineering from Michigan.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Subatomic particles are particles that are smaller than an atom. In 1940, the number of subatomic particles known to science could be counted on the fingers of one hand: protons, neutrons, electrons, neutrinos, and positrons. The first three particles were known to be the building blocks from which atoms are made: protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei and electrons in orbit around those nuclei. Neutrinos and positrons were somewhat peculiar particles discovered outside Earth's atmosphere and of uncertain origin or significance.\nThat view of matter changed dramatically over the next two decades. With the invention of particle accelerators (atom-smashers) and the discovery of nuclear fission and fusion, the number of known subatomic particles increased. Scientists discovered a number of particles that exist at energies higher than those normally observed in our everyday lives: sigma particles, lambda particles, delta particles, epsilon particles, and other particles in positive, negative, and neutral forms. By the end of the 1950s, so many subatomic particles had been discovered that some physicists referred to their list as a \"particle zoo.\"\nIn 1964, American physicist Murray Gell-Mann (1929– ) and Swiss physicist George Zweig (1937– ) independently suggested a way out of the particle zoo. They suggested that the nearly 100 subatomic particles that had been discovered so far were not really elementary (fundamental) particles. Instead, they suggested that only a relatively few elementary particles existed, and the other subatomic particles that had been discovered were composed of various combinations of these truly elementary particles.\nAntiparticles: Subatomic particles similar to the proton, neutron, electron, and other subatomic particles, but having one property (such as electric charge) opposite them.\nAtomic mass unit (amu): A unit of mass measurement for small particles.\nAtomic number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.\nElementary particle: A subatomic particle that cannot be broken down into any simpler particle.\nEnergy levels: The regions in an atom in which electrons are most likely to be found.\nGluon: The elementary particle thought to be responsible for carrying the strong force (which binds together neutrons and protons in the atomic nucleus).\nGraviton: The elementary particle thought to be responsible for carrying the gravitational force.\nIsotopes: Forms of an element in which atoms have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.\nLepton: A type of elementary particle.\nPhoton: An elementary particle that carries electromagnetic force.\nQuark: A type of elementary particle.\nSpin: A fundamental property of all subatomic particles corresponding to their rotation on their axes.\nThe truly elementary particles were given the names quarks and leptons. Each group of particles, in turn, consists of six different types of particles. The six quarks, for example, were given the rather fanciful names of up, down, charm, strange, top (or truth), and bottom (or beauty). These six quarks could be combined, according to Gell-Mann and Zweig, to produce particles such as the proton (two up quarks and one down quark) and the neutron (one up quark and two down quarks).\nIn addition to quarks and leptons, scientists hypothesized the existence of certain particles that \"carry\" various kinds of forces. One of those particles was already well known, the photon. The photon is a strange type of particle with no mass that apparently is responsible for the transmission of electromagnetic energy from one place to another.\nIn the 1980s, three other force-carrying particles were also discovered: the W + , W − , and Z 0 bosons. These particles carry certain forces that can be observed during the radioactive decay of matter. (Radioactive elements spontaneously emit energy in the form of particles or waves by disintegration of their atomic nuclei.) Scientists have hypothesized the existence of two other force-carrying particles, one that carries the strong force, the gluon (which binds together protons and neutrons in the nucleus), and one that carries gravitational force, the graviton.\nFor most beginning science students, the five most important sub-atomic particles are the proton, neutron, electron, neutrino, and positron. Each of these particles can be described completely by its mass, electric charge, and spin. Because the mass of subatomic particles is so small, it is usually not measured in ounces or grams but in atomic mass units (label: amu) or electron volts (label: eV). An atomic mass unit is approximately equal to the mass of a proton or neutron. An electron volt is actually a unit of energy but can be used to measure mass because of the relationship between mass and energy (E = mc 2 ).\nAll subatomic particles (indeed, all particles) can have one of three electric charges: positive, negative, or none (neutral). All subatomic particles also have a property known as spin, meaning that they rotate on their axes in much the same way that planets such as Earth do. In general, the spin of a subatomic particle can be clockwise or counterclockwise, although the details of particle spin can become quite complex.\nProton. The proton is a positively charged subatomic particle with an atomic mass of about 1 amu. Protons are one of the fundamental constituents of all atoms. Along with neutrons, they are found in a very concentrated region of space within atoms referred to as the nucleus.\nThe number of protons determines the chemical identity of an atom. This property is so important that it is given a special name: the atomic number. Each element in the periodic table has a unique number of protons in its nucleus and, hence, a unique atomic number.\nNeutron. A neutron has a mass of about 1 amu and no electric charge. It is found in the nuclei of atoms along with protons. The neutron is normally a stable particle in that it can remain unchanged within the nucleus for an infinite period of time. Under some circumstances, however, a neutron can undergo spontaneous decay, breaking apart into a proton and an electron. When not contained with an atomic nucleus, the half-life for this change—the time required for half of any sample of neutrons to undergo decay—is about 11 minutes.\nThe nuclei of all atoms with the exception of the hydrogen-1 isotope contain neutrons. The nuclei of atoms of any one element may contain different numbers of neutrons. For example, the element carbon is made of at least three different kinds of atoms. The nuclei of all three kinds of atoms contain six protons. But some nuclei contain six neutrons, others contain seven neutrons, and still others contain eight neutrons. These forms of an element that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are known as isotopes of the element.\nElectron. Electrons are particles carrying a single unit of negative electricity with a mass of about 1/1800 amu, or 0.0055 amu. All atoms contain one or more electrons located in the space outside the atomic nucleus. Electrons are arranged in specific regions of the atom known as energy levels. Each energy level in an atom may contain some maximum number of electrons, ranging from a minimum of two to a maximum of eight.\nElectrons are leptons. Unlike protons and neutrons, they are not thought to consist of any smaller particles but are regarded themselves as elementary particles that cannot be broken down into anything simpler.\nAll electrical phenomena are caused by the existence or absence of electrons or by their movement through a material.\nNeutrino. Neutrinos are elusive subatomic particles that are created by some of the most basic physical processes of the universe, like decay of radioactive elements and fusion reactions that power the Sun. They were originally hypothesized in 1930 by Swiss physicist Wolfgang Pauli (1900–1958). Pauli was trying to find a way to explain the apparent loss of energy that occurs during certain nuclear reactions.\nNeutrinos (\"little neutrons\") proved very difficult to actually find in nature, however. They have no electrical charge and possibly no mass. They rarely interact with other matter. They can penetrate nearly any form of matter by sliding through the spaces between atoms. Because of these properties, neutrinos escaped detection for 25 years after Pauli's prediction.\nThen, in 1956, American physicists Frederick Reines and Clyde Cowan succeeded in detecting neutrinos produced by the nuclear reactors at the Savannah River Reactor. By 1962, the particle accelerator at Brookhaven National Laboratory was generating enough neutrinos to conduct an experiment on their properties. Later, physicists discovered a second type of neutrino, the muon neutrino.\nTraditionally, scientists have thought that neutrinos have zero mass because no experiment has ever detected mass. If neutrinos do have a mass, it must be less than about one hundred-millionth the mass of the proton, the sensitivity limit of the experiments. Experiments conducted during late 1994 at Los Alamos National Laboratory hinted at the possibility that neutrinos do have a very small, but nonzero, mass. Then in 1998, Japanese researchers found evidence that neutrinos have at least a small mass, but their experiments did not allow them to determine the exact value for the mass.\nIn 2000, at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory near Chicago, a team of 54 physicists from the United States, Japan, South Korea, and\nGreece detected a third type of neutrino, the tau neutrino, considered to be the most elusive member of the neutrino family.\nPositron. A positron is a subatomic particle identical in every way to an electron except for its electric charge. It carries a single unit of positive electricity rather than a single unit of negative electricity.\nThe positron was hypothesized in the late 1900s by English physicist Paul Dirac (1902–1984) and was first observed by American physicist Carl Anderson (1905–1991) in a cosmic ray shower. The positron was the first antiparticle discovered—the first particle that has properties similar to protons, neutrons, and electrons, but with one property exactly the opposite of them.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "University of Mainz, Germany\nPosters & Accepted Abstracts: J Nucl Med Radiat Ther\nThin actinide layers deposited on metallic or non-metallic substrates are widely used as calibration sources in nuclear spectroscopy. Other applications include fundamental research in nuclear chemistry and ├ó┬?┬?physics, e.g.in super-heavy element (SHE) research or in nuclear reaction studies. For the production of neutron-rich isotopes of SHE up to Z=120 hot fusion reactions of actinide target nuclei such as 238U, 242/244Pu, 248Cm, 249Bk and 249Cf with light ion beams are applied. For the design of future nuclear reactors like fast-fission reactors and accelerator-driven systems for transmutation of nuclear waste, precise data for neutron absorption as well as neutron-induced fission cross section data for 242Pu with neutrons of different energies are of particular importance. For the production of actinide layers with the required thickness Molecular Plating (MP) is currently the only fabrication method in cases where the desired actinide material is available only in very limited amounts or possess a high specific activity. Here, deposition is performed from organic solution applying a current density of 1-2mA/cm2. Under these conditions target thicknesses of 500-1000 ├?┬╝g/cm2 are possible applying a single deposition step with deposition yields approaching 100 %.). For yield determination ├?┬▒-particle spectroscopy, ├?┬│-spectroscopy and Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is frequently applied. Layer homogeneity can be checked with Radiographic Imaging (RI). Layer characterization with modern analytical techniques (e.g. XRF, XPS, SEM and AFM) is essential to understand target performance under long-term irradiations and to improve the current fabrication technology.\nNuclear Medicine & Radiation Therapy received 636 citations as per Google Scholar report", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "TRIESTE, Italy, March 4 (UPI) -- A semi-submersible floating platform has been delivered by Fincantieri to Russia's RosRAO for the transportation of nuclear submarine reactor compartments.\nConstruction of the Itarus, which was delivered to the Russians on Thursday at Fincantieri's shipyard in Muggiano, Italy, is the result of a 2003 deal between Italy and Russia for the decommissioning of nuclear submarines and the safe management of radioactive waste and nuclear fuel.\nRosRAO is Russia's Federal State Unitary Enterprise for radioactive waste management.\nItarus will transport the decommissioned Russian Navy reactor compartments from a storage area of Sayda Bay, Russia, to a shipyard facing the Kola Peninsula in the Barents Sea. The vessel is more than 229 feet long, 95 feet long and has a deadweight capacity of 3,306 tons.\nIt will be manned by a crew of six, the Italian shipbuilder said.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "ERA’s production is exported and sold under strict guidelines to nuclear power producers.\nA study by the International Atomic Energy Agency, found that the world’s 444 operating nuclear power plants, across 31 countries, are now responsible for the supply of 11 per cent of global electricity.\nMajor cities such as Los Angeles, Chicago, Toronto, Paris, Moscow and Seoul are run on nuclear generated electricity.\nThe Australian government has recently signed trade agreements with the United Arab Emirates, India and Ukraine, three countries which are interested in securing future supply for their own burgeoning nuclear power generation programmes. This demonstrates the increased interest in the low carbon electricity generation capability that nuclear power provides.\nThe tide is definitely turning with regard to sentiment around nuclear energy. What was once a much maligned source of energy has now become an important contributor in the global effort to combat climate change, because of its low carbon emissions.\nWhile the image and use of nuclear power was badly impacted following the tsunami in Japan in 2011, with the consequent impact on the Fukushima power station, it remains one of the most efficient, cheap and carbon friendly forms of large scale energy generation today.\nCurrently there are 64 nuclear reactors under construction in 15 countries. China is leading the way with 22 nuclear power plants under construction.\nThe primary drivers are rapidly expanding power requirements needed to sustain economic growth in the region, energy security concerns, and a desire to reduce long-term greenhouse gas emissions.\nClick here for more information about International Atomic Energy Agency.\nClick here for more information from the World Nuclear Association.\nClick here for more information about the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation.\nClick here for more information about the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "A ceremony to celebrate the official beginning of ITER’s assembly was held on 28 July 2020 in Cadarache (France). The event was co-hosted by the President of the Republic of France, Emmanuel Macron and ITER’s Director-General, Bernard Bigot, with remarks from Ministerial-level representatives from the participating countries. EU Commissioner for Energy Kadri Simson gave a speech by video to the attendees gathered in person at the ITER site. The Russian Federation was represented by Director General of ROSATOM Alexey Likhachev, who addressed the participants by video.\nITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) is a unique project to build the world’s biggest fusion machine to produce net energy. It stems from the ITER agreement, which was signed by China, the European Union, India, Japan, South Korea, Russia and the USA in 2006. After over a decade of design, manufacturing and construction, the ITER device is now entering its assembly phase. On 26 May, the first major component of the machine was installed, making it the first of many elements that will enter the Tokamak Pit over the next few years. Large components for the machine have been shipped from all over the world, and they are now waiting in the wings ready to be installed by the 3,000-strong assembly team.\nRecalling the European dimension of the project, EU Commissioner for Energy Kadri Simson spoke about the technological and collaborative achievement that is represented by getting to this stage in the project, as well as the need for all of the Members to reinforce their commitment to ITER in these difficult times.\nBy fostering innovation and international collaborations, the project creates economic growth and job opportunities while putting the EU in the lead of global fusion research. Although a purely experimental device, ITER will help advance fusion energy technology for a greener and more sustainable energy mix.\nThe European contribution to ITER is funded from the EU budget; for the period 2021 to 2027, the European Commission has proposed to contribute €6.07 billion to ITER.\nMore about ITER and fusion energy", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Maybe John Heald could calm the passengers when there was a \"little\" leak of radioactive coolant and they suddenly saw radiation protection personnel in yellow coveralls and respirators in the atrium, taking air samples and doing radiation surveys. \"Pay no mind to those chaps! They are rehearsing for the big show tonight, in the Palace Theater! See you there! Now, if I could ask everyone to kindly join me on the pool deck...\"", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "By sharing this link, I acknowledge that I have read and understand the Terms and Conditions.\n25.1 MB (1.9 MB compressed)\n3668 x 2391 pixels\n31.0 x 20.3 cm ⏐ 12.2 x 8.0 in (300dpi)\nUS NATIONAL ARCHIVES / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY US NATIONAL ARCHIVES / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY\nDiscovery of plutonium, 1941. Two pages from the logbook kept by US chemist Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1912-1999) documenting the steps in preparation and the calculations made during the discovery of the radioactive element plutonium. The log runs from 4 March 1941 to 26 March 26 1941. The plutonium is referred to here as Sample A. This work was carried out at the University of California, Berkeley, USA. This discovery, preparation from uranium, and isolation of plutonium was critical to the production of atomic bombs in the Manhattan Project during World War II. For this and other discoveries of tranuranic elements, Seaborg was awarded a share of the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.\nModel release not required. Property release not required.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Defense Department’s Strategic Capabilities Office is moving ahead with a plan to design, build and demonstrate a mobile nuclear reactor. Once the so-called Project Pele is complete, the reactor will be capable of delivering one to five megawatts of electrical power for three years. Assembly will take place at the Idaho National Laboratory, and would be the first Generation IV reactor built in the U.S.\n“Advanced nuclear power has the potential to be a strategic game-changer for the United States, both for the DoD [Defense Department] and for the commercial sector. For it to be adopted, it must first be successfully demonstrated under real world operating conditions,” said Dr. Jeff Wellman, Project Pele program manager.\nThe Department of Energy, NASA, the National Nuclear Security Administration and Army Corps of Engineers are collaborating with the Strategic Capabilities Office, DoD’s lead agency, on the project.\nOnce the new reactor is functional, it could significantly supplement the armed forces’ increasing need for energy. The Defense Department uses roughly 30 terawatt-hours of electricity annually. Daily fuel consumption exceeds 10 million gallons. Additionally, the expected increase in the number of electrically powered vehicles in the non-tactical fleet would need a source of power.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Russian emergency workers extinguished a blaze in a shipyard on the White Sea after welding sparks ignited a fire Tuesday on a nuclear submarine.\nRussia's Defence Ministry said there was no longer nuclear fuel aboard the vessel, which was located in a dry dock at the Zvezdochka shipyard in Severodvinsk, 1,300 kilometres north of Moscow.\nThe ministry said its reactor had been switched off more than a year ago and there was no danger of radiation.\nThe U-boat had been in dry dock since the end of 2013 for repairs to its hull.\nIvan Blokov, director of Greenpeace in Russia, said the incident raised alarms and that even if no radiation danger exists, the accident signaled a need to shift away from nuclear power.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Laura Gil, Africa Renewal\nVIENNA, Dec 7 2018 (IPS) – Years again, nuclear power was a flowery choice restricted to the industrialized world. Sooner or later, nuclear might be an power supply for a lot of Africa, the place solely South Africa at present has a nuclear energy plant.\nGovernments throughout the continent are devising improvement insurance policies to grow to be middle-income nations within the medium time period. Socioeconomic progress comes with an increase in power demand—and a necessity for a dependable and sustainable power provide.\nFor industrializing nations in want of a clear, dependable and cost-effective supply of power, nuclear is a gorgeous choice.\n“Africa is hungry for energy, and nuclear power could be part of the answer for an increasing number of countries,” says Mikhail Chudakov, deputy director basic and head of the Division of Nuclear Power on the Worldwide Atomic Power Company (IAEA), a world organisation that promotes the peaceable use of nuclear know-how.\nA 3rd of the just about 30 nations presently contemplating nuclear energy are in Africa.\nEgypt, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria and Sudan have already engaged with the IAEA to evaluate their readiness to embark on a nuclear programme. Algeria, Tunisia, Uganda and Zambia are additionally mulling the potential of nuclear energy.\n“Energy is the backbone of any strong development,” says Nii Allotey, director of the Nuclear Energy Institute on the Ghana Atomic Power Fee. “And where do we get energy from? We have hydro, thermal, fossil fuels, and we have local gas—but these are dwindling. They are limited; fossil fuels could run out by 2030. And, the prices are volatile.”\nFor Ghana, cost-effective, dependable electrical energy is the entry level to higher-value-added manufacturing and export-led progress. For instance, the nation’s reserves of bauxite—the ore used to supply aluminium—are an essential supply of revenue, however for now it’s exported uncooked.\n“We have a smelter, but it’s not operating at full capacity because electricity is too expensive,” Allotey says. “If we had cost-effective electricity, we would not be exporting raw bauxite, but exporting smelted bauxite at a much higher price. This would be a big move for Ghana.”\nEnergy to the individuals\nAfrican governments are working to make electrical energy extra extensively accessible. Roughly 57% of the inhabitants of sub-Saharan Africa doesn’t have entry to electrical energy.\nFor a lot of, the electrical energy provide is characterised by frequent energy outages, in accordance with the Worldwide Power Company (IEA), an organisation of 30 principally industrialised nations which have met a set of power safety standards.\nKenya is contemplating nuclear to satisfy the demand generated by hooking up households nationwide, which is predicted to contribute considerably to the 30% improve in electrical energy demand predicted for the nation by 2030.\nA profitable nuclear energy programme requires broad political and fashionable help and a nationwide dedication of no less than 100 years.\n“For a long time in our country electrification levels were low, but the government has put in a lot of efforts towards electrifying the entire country,” says Winfred Ndubai, appearing director of the Kenya Nuclear Electrical energy Board’s Technical Division. “Even those areas that were considered to be remote are now vibrant. Within a period of about 10 years we have moved from [a] 12% electrification rate to 60%.”\nKenya relies upon totally on non-fossil gasoline for power; about 60% of put in capability is from hydropower and geothermal energy.\nIs Africa prepared for nuclear?\n“Going nuclear is not something that happens from one day to the next. From the moment a country initiates a nuclear power programme until the first unit becomes operative, years could pass,” says Milko Kovachev, head of the IAEA’s Nuclear Infrastructure Improvement Part, which works with nations new to nuclear energy.\n“Creating the necessary nuclear infrastructure and building the first nuclear power plant will take at least 10 to 15 years.”\nA profitable nuclear energy programme requires broad political and fashionable help and a nationwide dedication of no less than 100 years, Kovachev added. This consists of committing to the whole life cycle of an influence plant, from development by way of electrical energy era and, lastly, decommissioning.\nAlong with time, there’s the difficulty of prices. Governments and personal operators have to make a substantial funding that features projected waste administration and decommissioning prices.\nKovachev factors out that “the government’s investment to develop the necessary infrastructure is modest relative to the cost of the first nuclear power plant. But [it] is still in the order of hundreds of millions of dollars.”\nFinancing nuclear power\nWith out correct financing, nuclear just isn’t an choice. “Most countries in Africa will find it difficult to invest this amount of money in a nuclear power project,” Kovachev stresses.\n“But there are financing mechanisms like, for instance, from export agencies of vendor countries. Tapping into a reliable, carbon-free supply of energy when vendors are offering to fund it can make sense for several countries in Africa.”\nOne other facet to think about is the burden on the electrical grid system of the nation. Nuclear energy crops are related to a grid by means of which they ship electrical energy. For a rustic to securely introduce nuclear power, the IAEA recommends that its grid capability be round ten occasions the capability of its deliberate nuclear energy plant.\nFor instance, a rustic ought to have a capability of 10,000 megawatts already in place to generate 1,000 megawatts from nuclear energy.\nFew nations in Africa presently have a grid of this capability. “In Kenya, our installed capacity is 2,400 megawatts—too small for conventional, large nuclear power plants,” Ndubai says. “The grid would need to increase to accommodate a large unit, or, alternatively, other, smaller nuclear power plant options would need to be explored.”\nOne choice is to spend money on small modular reactors (SMRs), that are among the many most promising rising applied sciences in nuclear energy. SMRs produce electrical energy as much as 300 megawatts per unit, or round half of a standard reactor and their main elements could be manufactured in a manufacturing unit setting and transported to websites for ease of development.\nWhereas SMRs are anticipated to start business operation in Argentina, China and Russia between 2018 and 2020, African nations are nonetheless cautious of such a challenge.\n“One of the things we are very clear about in terms of introducing nuclear power is that we do not want to invest in a first-of-a-kind technology,” Ndubai says. “As much as SMRs represent an opportunity for us, we would want them to be built and tested elsewhere before introducing them in our country.”\nBecoming a member of a regional grid is an alternative choice. “Historically, it has been possible to share a common grid between countries,” Kovachev explains. “But, of course, this requires regional dialogue.” One instance of such a scheme is the West African Energy Pool, created to combine nationwide energy techniques within the Financial Group of West African States right into a unified regional electrical energy market.\nOne other issue militating towards a headlong rush into nuclear energy is common rejection of tasks which are pricey and onerous to finance.\nAdditionally, nations are cautious that within the occasion of a nuclear energy plant accident, launched radioactive supplies will hurt the surroundings and lives. Though no fatalities have been recorded within the Fukushima nuclear catastrophe in Japan in March 2011 following the Tōhoku earthquake, the discharge of radioactive supplies pressured the evacuation of tens of hundreds of residents.\nWhereas the IAEA doesn’t affect a rustic’s choice about whether or not so as to add nuclear energy to its power combine, the organisation offers technical experience and different pertinent details about protected, safe and sustainable use to nations that choose for nuclear power.\nSecurity and safety are key issues within the IAEA Milestones Strategy, a phased technique created to help nations which might be assessing their readiness to embark on a nuclear energy programme. The strategy helps them contemplate features such because the authorized framework, nuclear security, safety, radiation safety, environmental safety and radioactive waste administration.\n“Many, many people ask the question: Why nuclear?” Allotey says. “To me, it’s not about nuclear being an option. It is about energy being an option. Do you, as a country, need energy? And the simple answer is yes. So if you need energy, you need to find cost-effective electricity that is clean and reliable.”\n“With a rapidly expanding population and plans to grow our economies, we need to work within these constraints,” he provides. “We are a continent that is in dire need of energy.”\n(perform()var fbds=doc.createElement(‘script’);fbds.async=true;fbds.src=’//join.fb.internet/en_US/fbds.js’;var s=doc.getElementsByTagName(‘script’);s.parentNode.insertBefore(fbds,s);_fbq.loaded=true;", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The United States has evidence that Iran is stockpiling enriched uranium, the key component in a nuclear weapon, in direct violation of international restrictions on Tehran’s use of the fissile material.\nNuclear experts predict that Iran is now just 3.5 months away from the “breakout time,” a measurement of how close the country is to having the technology and materials to construct a nuclear weapon. It also now has the fuel to potentially construct two separate bombs.\nThe International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) disclosed on Friday that Iran has nearly doubled its stockpiles of enriched uranium, generating concerns about the country’s continued progress on a nuclear weapon. Iran granted the IAEA access to several contested nuclear sites that had previously been off limits. A report on Tehran’s nuclear activities was shared with the United States and other United Nations members.\nRead more at Free Beacon.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Post by drspendlove on Oct 21, 2020 9:22:43 GMT -5\nI'd like a toggle (default: off) for ship combat damage display. Specifically, seeing the radiation damage and the void damage independent of the hull damage of the weapon. Example:\nRailgun deals 150 Standard damage, 100 Void damage, and 25 Radiation damage (because I'm using Engine Lockdown to boost radiation damage and the roll was a maximum, let's say.)\nFoe has 40% armor mitigation and 20% shielding mitigation. Foe has 5 radiation resist.\nIf this mode were enabled, the damage I would see displayed would look like:\n-90 (red), -80 (blue) -16 (green)\nIf it were critical, the critical text would be appended on the right side.\nThis obviously wouldn't add up to 186 hull damage as it isn't using the 33% applied to radiation nor the 50% to void. However, for advanced players it would be nice to get a sense for how much component damage this is implying. It would also make visualizing the benefits of shielding, radiation resist, and void resist much simpler. It would also make talents that boost radiation damage more visually appealing.\nCompare to the display we see with the toggle set to \"off\":", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "During the past 50 years the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has evolved from a scientific curiosity to a powerful analytical tool for physical scientists and the medical community. Its primary use is for analytical chemistry and medical imaging. NMR imaging and spectroscopy can non-invasively and non-destructively examine the physical and chemical composition of materials. The technology is now at a level of sophistication and maturity where industrial applications are possible. This article describes the basis of NMR imaging and spectroscopy and examines the application of NMR to a broad range of industrial applications.\n|Original language||English (US)|\n|Number of pages||7|\n|State||Published - Dec 1 1998|", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "April 23, 2013\nYesterday, the IceCube neutrino experiment at the South Pole stated that they had found two neutrinos that might have come from outside our galaxy. These two events were discovered in 2012, but weren’t analyzed until now. These neutrinos clocked in energies of more than one petaelectronvolt, which is about 100 million times more energetic than neutrinos released by supernovae. These neutrinos could have been produced by the same source that also produces ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The world’s first installed accident tolerant fuel (ATF) lead test rods have successfully completed a 24-month fuel cycle at the Edwin I. Hatch Nuclear Plant marking a significant milestone in the continued development of advanced fuel. Resulting data from this achievement will inform the advancement of a groundbreaking technology designed to increase plant performance and build upon an already robust margin of plant safety.\nDuring a planned maintenance and refueling outage, operators transferred a sampling of the lead test rods from Plant Hatch Unit 1 to the spent fuel pool and have completed an initial inspection of the fuel in comparison to standard zirconium rods.\n“Our initial inspections have confirmed that the fuel performed as expected and we anticipate leveraging this success and data with our fuel vendors into the continued development of this innovative technology,” said John Williams, Southern Nuclear fuels and analysis director. “We will continue to pursue solutions like advanced fuel that enhance the performance and reliability of our operating plants and ensure the safety and health of our customers and our employees.”\nOak Ridge National Laboratory will conduct further evaluations of the lead test rods’ material and coating properties. The data obtained from this analysis will be used by Southern Nuclear and fuel vendor Global Nuclear Fuel (GNF) to guide future development of ATF technologies and provide information to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensing review process. The industry is pursuing the licensing and full commercial deployment of ATF by the mid-2020s.\nThe unfueled IronClad lead test rods and fueled ARMOR-coated zirconium cladding test rods were developed by GNF with support from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Accident Tolerant Fuel program.\nSouthern Company subsidiary Southern Nuclear operates Plant Hatch on behalf of Georgia Power and co- owners Oglethorpe Power, MEAG Power and Dalton Utilities.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Japan has announced that a worker at the stricken Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant died after suffering radiation exposure.The man, who died from lung cancer, was first diagnosed in 2016. Japan's government had previously agreed that radiation caused illness in four workers but this is the first acknowledged death.\nThe ministry has ruled that the man's family should be paid compensation, after hearing testimonies from radiologists and other experts,\nThe employee who died, a man in his 50s, had worked at atomic power stations since 1980 and was in charge of measuring radiation at the Fukushima No 1 plant shortly after its meltdown. He worked there at least twice after the meltdown, and had worn a face mask and protective suit, Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare said.\nFor almost six minutes, the worst to ever earthquake hit Japan with a 9.0 magnitude. Within 50 minutes of the initial earthquake, the first waves up to 14 meters high flowed over the nuclear plant's 10-meter high sea wall. The Fukushima plant's emergency power generators, located in the basement, were soon flooded and failed, shutting down vital cooling systems and causing reactor fuel rods to meltdown in three of the six reactors, leaking radiation into the surrounding area and the sea. Sixteen hours after meltdown began, the fuel rods in one reactor had almost completely melted. It would 88 days until the Japanese government admitted that a meltdown had taken place.\nAt the time of the nuclear disaster, there were no immediate deaths or cases of radiation sickness, but over 100,000 people were evacuated from their homes to ensure this. More than 40 evacuated patients from the Futaba Hospital later died. Around 18,500 people died or disappeared in the quake and tsunami, and more than 160,000 were forced from their homes.\nThree former Tepco executives were charged with professional negligence, resulting in death and injury, linked to the hospital evacuation. Though no-one died directly in the nuclear meltdown, Tokyo Electric Power Company, the plant operator, and state officials have been facing multiple compensation claims since 2012. The amount of compensation to be paid by TEPCO is expected to reach 7 trillion yen ( 61,889,940,000.00 US dollars).\nThe tsunami water caused the meltdown, but water is also the only way to stop it. Since the disaster, Tokyo Electric Power Company has been pumping hundreds of tons of water to cool Fukushima's reactors and stop the outflow of radiation. The cleanup also includes collecting radioactive contaminated earth from the surrounding area, which now sits in thousands of industrial-sized bags. Costs to Japanese taxpayers are likely to exceed 12 trillion yen ($100 billion US). In December 2016 the government estimated decontamination, compensation, decommissioning, and radioactive waste storage costs at 21.5 trillion yen ($187 billion US).\nThe true scale of the environmental impact is still unknown as radioactive material has been detected as far as 200 miles from the plant. The world may still be feeling the effects of this disaster for generations to come. Tokyo Electric Power Company estimates that cleanup operations at the Fukushima power plant could take up to 40 years.\nThe Fukushima triple nuclear meltdown meltdown, was the world's worst nuclear disaster since the Chernobyl nuclear disaster that occurred three decades ago, in April 1986.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "LOS ANGELES (CBS/AP) — Minuscule amounts of radiation from Japan’s stricken nuclear plant have reached the west coast but federal and state officials say it poses no health risk.\nThey said Friday that the doses of radiation that a person normally receives from rocks, bricks, and the sun are 100,000 times the dose rates detected at a monitoring station in California and another in Washington state.\nConcerns that Japan’s nuclear disaster was assuming international proportions grew as a radioactive plume released from the Fukushima Dai-ichi reached Southern California on Friday.\nBut the results of testing reflected expectations by the U.N.’s International Atomic Energy Agency that radiation had greatly dissipated by the time it reached the U.S. coastline.\nThe EPA has twelve RadNet monitoring systems throughout the state.\nLos Angeles County Emergency Management has launched a network of 123 radiation detectors linked to the internet, which can also be accessed on secure county Smartphones. So far none of the systems registered any change.\n“It’s basically been in the same range we’ve seen yesterday, weeks ago – before and after – the Japanese earthquake and tsunami,” Philip Fine, Atmospheric Measurement Manager, told CBS2/KCAL9.\nStill, a monitoring agency within the United Nation says a detector in Sacramento picked up a very small increase in radiation, but the readings were far below levels that could pose any health risks.\nA detector at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Washington State earlier this week also detected trace amounts of xenon-133 — a gas produced during nuclear fission — the DOE said.\nThe DOE and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency said in a joint statement that the doses of radiation people generally get from the surrounding environment are 100,000 times greater than dose rates detected at the two monitoring sites.\nThat assessment confirmed statements from diplomats and officials in Vienna earlier in the day.\nAir pollution regulators in Southern California said they have not detected increased levels of radiation. The South Coast Air Quality Management District said radiation measured at its three sites was not higher than typical levels.\nThe agency’s monitors are part of the EPA’s network of more than 100 sensors across the nation that track radiation levels every hour.\nIn Alaska, Dr. Bernd Jilly, director of state public health laboratories, also said monitoring had shown no readings of above-normal levels of radiation.\nThe same was true in the state of Washington, health department spokesman Donn Moyer said. The levels would have to be hundreds of thousands of times higher than current readings before health officials would recommend any response, he said.\nGraham Andrew, a senior official of the Vienna-based International Atomic Energy Agency, said that the International Civil Aviation Organization — after consultations with the IAEA — found there was no reason to curtail normal international flights and maritime operations to and from Japan and “there is no medical basis for imposing additional measures to protect passengers.”\nWhile set up to monitor atmospheric nuclear testing, the U.N.’s Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization’s worldwide network of stations can detect earthquakes, tsunamis and fallout from nuclear accidents such as the disaster on Japan’s northeastern coast that was set off by a massive earthquake and a devastating tsunami a week ago.\nSince then, emergency crews have been trying to restore the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant’s cooling system and prevent overheated fuel rods from releasing greater doses of radioactivity.\nJapanese officials on Friday reclassified the rating of the accident at the plant from Level 4 to Level 5 on a seven-level international scale, putting it on a par with the 1979 Three Mile Island accident. The International Nuclear Event Scale defines a Level 4 incident as having local consequences and a Level 5 as having wider consequences.\nConcerned residents can now get a daily update about radiation levels by visiting AQMD.\n(TM and © Copyright 2011 CBS Local Media, a division of CBS Radio Inc. and its relevant subsidiaries. CBS RADIO and EYE Logo TM and Copyright 2011 CBS Broadcasting Inc. Used under license. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.)", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "An active stopper for the RISING project at GSI has been developed for β-decay studies and conversion electron spectroscopy following projectile fragmentation/fission reactions. This system employs six double-sided silicon strip detectors in the final focal plane of the GSI FRagment Separator (FRS) to detect both the fragment implantations and their subsequent charged-particle (α, β, p) decays. The wide range of energy response required (150 keV up to several GeVs) was covered by the use of a logarithmic preamplifier. Measurements with a 207Bi conversion electron source yielded an energy resolution of 20 keV at electron energies of ∼ 1 MeV and a detection threshold of 150 keV. The response to the implantation of 400 AMeV 136Xe ions in the active stopper is also discussed in the present paper. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Russian crackers attacked the websites of a local nuclear power plant last week shortly after planting false rumours of an accident at the facility.\nInternet forums were buzzing with bogus reports of \"radioactive emissions\" emanating from the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant near St Petersburg and an evacuation of locals at the same time official websites were knocked offline, Russian news agency RIA Novosti reports.\nRussian officials reckon the attack was coordinated, suggesting opponents of the nuclear industry might have been behind the scare.\n\"This was a planned action by hackers, which has brought down almost all sites providing access to the Automatic Radiation Environment Control System (ASKRO), including the Leningrad NPP site, the rosatom.ru site, and others. For several hours users were unable to reach the sites and obtain reliable information on the situation at the plant,\" a spokesman for the Rosatom state nuclear corporation told RIA Novosti.\n\"People who stand to lose out from the Russian nuclear power industry's development have an incentive to spread false rumors of an accident at the nuclear plant.\"\nThe ASKRO systems, which provides real-time information on radiation levels and incidents, has now been restored.\nThe malevolent hack has implications beyond simply creating unnecessary panic. Last year false reports of an accident at the Volgodonsk nuclear plant prompted dozens of people to overdose on iodine, poisoning themselves in the process.\nTaking regular iodine can saturate the thyroid and prevent uptake of radioactive iodine in cases of nuclear incidents. Iodine is an essential trace element in human biology. Radioactive isotopes of the element can cause cancers, particularly in the thyroid gland. ®", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "At the very heart of effective nuclear security is a deep understanding of fundamental nuclear physics –structure, reactions, theory and modeling, data, particle accelerators, and instrumentation. Contemporary nuclear physics is where we will find both the profound discoveries, and the best young talent making those discoveries, that will change the game in nonproliferation.\nFocus area lead: Barbara Jacak, University of California, Berkeley\nFocus area co-lead: Sean Liddick, Michigan State University\nCurrent research is focused on:\nNuclear Properties and Decays\nHigh energy nuclear collisions\nForensic science in high energy density plasmas", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Pak speeding up work on its 4th N-reactor\nOn completion, the reactor would enable Islamabad to build large number of smaller nuclear warheads, Washington- based eminent think-tank Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS) said.\nPakistan`s nuclear weapons programme is considered to be among the fastest growing in the world by Stockholm-based International Peace Research Institute, with the estimates of Islamabad possessing 90-110 nuclear warheads.\nReleasing the latest satellite imageries, ISIS said construction of the fourth Khushab reactor and supporting buildings is progressing with the reactor building about halfway to completion.\nBased on the available imagery ISIS estimates that the construction of the fourth reactor is proceeding about 30 per cent faster than construction on reactor three and that major external work could be complete within fifteen months.\nThe reactor, located 200 kilometers south of Islamabad, is the latest addition to the Khushab nuclear site and is dedicated to the production of plutonium for nuclear weapons.\nIn addition to the fourth reactor, the Khushab site includes two reactors similar in shape to the fourth one, a heavy water production plant, and an original, nominal 50 megawatt-thermal heavy water reactor completed in 1998.\n\"This increase in plutonium production represents a growing nuclear arms race between India and Pakistan,\" it said, adding in order to avoid a dangerous escalation, the US and the world community should increase efforts to convince Pakistan to stop blocking negotiations of the Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty at the Geneva Conference on Disarmament.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "m = E/c2\nAssume that an average city uses about 8.5x 1013 J of energy in a day.\nA typical nuclear power plant converts 0.01% of the mass of its fuel into energy through nuclear reactions.\nHow much fuel would be needed to power an average city for one day?\nExpress the mass of fuel needed in kilograms to two significant figures.\nA fission-based nuclear bomb (such as those used in World WarII) uses the same nuclear reactions and an amount of fuel similar to what you calculated in Part A. However, by allowing an uncontrolled chain reaction to occur, all of the bomb's energy can be released in about 1.0 x 10-6s.\nWhat is the average power Pavg of such a nuclear bomb?\nFrequently Asked Questions\nWhat scientific concept do you need to know in order to solve this problem?\nOur tutors have indicated that to solve this problem you will need to apply the Nuclear Physics concept. You can view video lessons to learn Nuclear Physics. Or if you need more Nuclear Physics practice, you can also practice Nuclear Physics practice problems.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "six world powers have reached tentative agreement on sanctions relief for Tehran as part of a nuclear deal, diplomats said.\nSenior officials from Iran and the six nations still have to sign off on the document outlining what sanctions will be lifted and when, sources said.\nBut the diplomats added that the document has been agreed by experts for both sides who have been working on details of the outline to implement the preliminary agreement reached in November 2013.\nOfficials had described sanctions relief as one of the thorniest disagreements between Iran and the US.\nDiplomats said senior officials at the talks, who include US secretary of state John Kerry and Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, still have to sign off on the package.\nThe word of significant progress indicates the sides are moving closer to a comprehensive accord that would end a decade of restrictions on Tehran’s nuclear programme in exchange for tens of billions of pounds in economic benefits for the Iranians.\nThe US and much of the world fears Iran’s enrichment of uranium and other activity could be designed to make nuclear weapons. Tehran says its programme is meant only to generate power and for other peaceful purposes.\nThe diplomats said the sanctions agreement was completed this week by experts from Iran and the six world powers it is negotiating with: the United States, Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia.\nA senior US official did not dispute the diplomats’ account but said work remained to be done before the issue could be described as finalised.\nNegotiators are striving to wrap up the deal by Monday.\nAlong with inspection guidelines and rules governing Iran’s research and development of advanced nuclear technology, the sanctions annex of the agreement had been among the toughest issues remaining to be resolved.\nIranian officials, including supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, have made repeated demands for economic penalties to be lifted shortly after a deal is reached. Washington and its partners have said they would take action after Iran verifiably complies with restrictions on enrichment and other elements of the nuclear programme.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Advances in computational capability and modeling techniques, as well as improvements in experimental characterization methods offer the possibility of directly comparing modeling and experiment investigations of irradiation effects in metals. As part of a collaboration among the Instituto de Fusión Nuclear (DENIM), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and CIEMAT, single and polycrystalline α-Fe samples have been irradiated with 150 keV Fe- ions to doses up to several dpa. The irradiated microstructure is to be examined with both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). Concurrently, we have modeled the damage accumulation in Fe under these irradiation conditions using a combination of molecular dynamics (MD) and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC). We aim to make direct comparison between the simulation results and the experiments by simulating TEM images and estimating positron lifetimes for the predicted microstructures. While the identity of the matrix defect features cannot be determined from TEM observations alone, we propose that both large self-interstitial loops, trapped at impurities within the material, and small, spherical nanovoids form.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Validation of the thermohydraulic code ATHLET\nE. Krepper and F. Schäfer\n1. Participation in the external verification group of the ATHLET code\nAn important component of nuclear safety research is the analysis of abnormal transients and accident scenarios in nuclear power plants (NPP). Such analyses are carried out with complex thermohydraulic computer codes, like ATHLET. ATHLET is a one-dimensional nodal thermohydraulic computer code, developed by GRS (Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit) for the analysis of anticipated and abnormal plant transients, small and intermediate leaks as well as large breaks in light water reactors. For the calculations the primary and secondary coolant system of a NPP is described by a set of one-dimensional control volumes. In each control volume the conservation equations for energy, mass and momentum are applied. Additionally different physical models (drift-flux model, discharge model, ...) have to be used to solve the resulting equation system. For the application to real NPPs the code must be validated through the comparison of calculated results with experimental data. The experimental data are obtained from various test facilities, modelling the primary and secondary circuit of the real plant.\n1.1 Post-test analyses of the experiments 5.2c and 9.3 at the integral test facility BETHSY\nIn the framework of the external validation of the thermohydraulic code ATHLET Mod 1.1 Cycle D, which has been developed by the GRS, post test analyses of two experiments were done, which were performed at the french integral test facility BETHSY.\nThe facility is a 1:100 scaled thermohydraulic model of a 900 MW (el.) pressurized water reactor (FRAMATOME). The test facility is designed to investigate various accident scenarios and to provide an experimental data base for code validation and for the verification of accident management measures. The three identical loops enable the simulation of asymmetric loop behavior. In the test facility, the primary circuit is modeled with a volume scaling ratio of 1:100 retaining the original heights. Each primary loop is equipped with a vertical steam generator.\nBETHSY test facility\nThe BETHSY experiment 5.2c investigates the accident procedures in case of a total loss of feedwater at the steam generator secondary side. In such an accident the emergency cooling of the reactor core with primary bleed and feed, the behaviour of the steam generators in case of dry out and the long time behaviour of the test facility are special subjects of interest. During the experiment the high pressure injection system, the hydroaccumulators and the low pressure injection system were available.\nDuring test 9.3 the consequences of a steam generator U-tube rupture with failure of the high pressure injection and of the auxiliary feedwater supply were investigated. As accident management measures, the depressurization of the secondary sides, first of the two intact steam generators, then of the damaged steam generator and finally the primary depressurization by opening of the pressurizer valve were performed.\nMore about the ATHLET-calculations:\nPost test analyses of the BETHSY tests 5.2 and 9.3 (PDF 719 kb)\n1.2 Post-test analyses of experiments at the integral test facility CCTF\nThe CCTF test facility is a 1:25 scaled model of a 1000 MW (el.) pressurized water reactor and is located in Japan. The test facility has a full hight core section, four primary loops and two steam generators. The facility is mainly designed to provide detailed information about two-phase flow phenomena in the reactor core, downcomer an upper plenum during the refill and reflood phases of a hypothetical \"large break loss of coolant accident\" (LB-LOCA).\nCCTF test facility\nTwo experiments at the CCTF test facility were analyzed with the code ATHLET. The CCTF tests C2-19 and C2-4 are characterized by a double-end break in the cold leg and different modes of emergency cooling injection into the hot and cold legs. In both tests the development of the quench front depends on the radial power distribution in the core. In ATHLET the three-dimensional behaviour of the quench front can be simulated by a two-channel representation of the reactor core.\nMore about the ATHLET-calculations:\nPost test analyses of the CCTF tests C2-19 and C2-4 (447 kb)\n2. ATHLET calculations of several experiments at test facilities for VVER-type reactors\nTest facilities - overview:\n- PACTEL (VVER-440, Lappeenranta, Finland)\n- PMK-2 (VVER-440, Budapest, Hungary)\n- ISB-VVER (VVER-1000, Moscow, Russia)\nThe PACTEL test facility was constructed to investigate accident scenarios with small and intermediate leaks and also to study the natural circulation behaviour of the primary circuit. The facility models the six loops of the real NPP by three symmetric loops with a volume scaling ratio of 1:305. The Research Center Rossendorf was a participant at the International Standard Problem ISP-33, a natural circulation experiment with stepwise reduced primary coolant inventory.\nThe PMK-2 test facility is a full-pressure, volume-scaled model of the Paks NPP. The facility was constructed by the KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute Budapest and is mainly designed to investigate processes following small and medium size breaks in the primary circuit and to study the natural circulation behaviour of VVER-440 type reactors. The 6 loops of the NPP are modelled by a single active loop with a scaling ratio of 1:2070. The experiments calculated by ATHLET are a 1% Cold Leg Break, a 1% Cold Leg Break with additionally accident management measures (primary bleed) and a Surge Line Break with full and with reduced high pressure and accumulator injection.\nCurrently ISB is the only operating test facility for russian type VVER-1000 reactors. The primary circuit of the NPP consists of four loops, which are modelled by two loops (1+3) in the ISB facility with a volume scaling ratio of 1:3000. Several experiments were calculated with ATHLET, like a small break in the upper plenum with locked rotor of all circulation pumps (1st Russian Standard Problem) and a natural circulation experiment with stepwise reduced mass inventory.\nMore about ATHLET-calculations for VVER-type reactors:\nPost test calculations of the 1% Cold Leg Break experiment (PDF 560 kb)\nPoster - calculations for ISB (PDF 317 kb)\nPoster - calculations for PMK-2 (PDF 113 kb)\n3. Theoretical and experimental investigations of natural circulation phenomena in VVER-type reactors\nIn co-operation with the KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute Budapest a series of LOCA experiments were performed at the PMK-2 test facility:\n- 1% Cold Leg Break\n- 1% Cold Leg Break with additionally accident management measures (primary bleed)\n- Surge Line Break\n- Surge Line Break with reduced high pressure and accumulator injection\nThe thermohydraulic computer code ATHLET was used for calculations of these experiments.\nPMK-2 test facility\nLOCA experiments are characterized by a more or less rapid primary pressure decrease in the early phase of the transient. After pump coast down natural circulation becomes the dominant decay heat removal mechanism. A few hundred seconds after leak initiation boiling in the reactor core leads to formation of two-phase flow conditions in the primary circuit.\nAt these conditions different types of two-phase flow instabilities can appear. The instabilities play an important role in the behavior of the primary circuit, because the instabilities can disturb the decay heat removal from the reactor core.The appearance of such instabilities strongly depends on the thermohydraulic and geometrical conditions in the loop.\nMore about natural circulation phenomena in VVER-type reactors:", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:\n|Title:||Measurements of Z gamma and Z gamma gamma production in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector||Authors:||Aad, G.\n|Issue Date:||2016||Publisher:||Amer Physical Soc||Abstract:||The production of Z bosons with one or two isolated high-energy photons is studied using pp collisions at root s = 8 TeV. The analyses use a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1) collected by the ATLAS detector during the 2012 LHC data taking. The Z gamma and Z gamma gamma production cross sections are measured with leptonic (e(+) e(-), mu(+) mu(-), nu(nu) over bar) decays of the Z boson, in extended fiducial regions defined in terms of the lepton and photon acceptance. They are then compared to cross-section predictions from the Standard Model, where the sources of the photons are radiation off initial-state quarks and radiative Z-boson decay to charged leptons, and from fragmentation of final-state quarks and gluons into photons. The yields of events with photon transverse energy E-T > 250 GeV from l(+) l(-) gamma events and with E-T > 400 GeV from nu(nu) over bar gamma events are used to search for anomalous triple gauge-boson couplings ZZ gamma and Z gamma gamma. The yields of events with diphoton invariant mass m(gamma gamma) > 200 GeV from l(+) l(-) gamma gamma events and with m(gamma gamma) > 300 GeV from nu(nu) over bar gamma gamma events are used to search for anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings ZZ gamma gamma and Z gamma gamma gamma. No deviations from Standard Model predictions are observed and limits are placed on parameters used to describe anomalous triple and quartic gauge-boson couplings.||URI:||https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.112002\n|Appears in Collections:||Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection|\nWoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collection\nShow full item record\nItems in GCRIS Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "London, United Kingdom\nPhotograph - Photograph\nNuclear fusion. Computer artwork of a nuclear fusion reaction, showing tritium and deuterium (upper left & right) nuclei colliding to form helium (lower left) and a neutron (lower right). This process releases a huge amount of energy. Deuterium and tritium are isotopes of hydrogen. Isotopes are forms of an element that contain different numbers of neutrons (blue) in the nucleus. Protons (red) are the other constituent of the nucleus. Nuclear fusion is the joining (fusing) of light elements to form heavier elements, which releases large amounts of energy. It is hoped that fusion will be a clean, renewable energy source for the future.\nMay 8th, 2013\nViewed 8 Times - Last Visitor from Beverly Hills, CA on 10/01/2014 at 8:29 AM", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "\"The excursion is undertaken using transportation, and with an experienced guide,\" explained Natalya Utenkova, representative of the NNC, which has its base at the Polygon.\n\"Tourists are given protective suits and footwear, and provided with respirators.\"\nThe excursion will show visitors the most notable areas of the test site, which is located in the plains of northeastern Kazakhstan, on the bank of the Irtysh River, 130 kilometers from the town of Semey, formerly known as Semipalatinsk.\n\"The starting object of the excursion program is the 'Experimental Field,' which was the first testing area of the Polygon and was used to carry out nuclear testing on the ground and in the air.\"\n\"The captivating appearance of the atomic lake is the result of underground atomic explosions,\" explains Utenkova.\n\"In 1965 an explosion was carried out at the confluence of the Shagan and Ashisu Rivers, which left a crater with a depth of more than 100 meters, and a diameter of 400 meters. When flood waters filled the crater it became a lake.\"\nUtenkova also recommended tourists visit the Semipalatinsk Polygon Museum, which opened in 1972 and gives a complete lowdown of the site's three main testing grounds.\n\"In the medical-biological department of the museum, you can see the internal organs of animals, which demonstrate the effect of atomic waves and ionizing radiation.\"\nThe first explosion at the test site in 1949 yielded 22 kilotons of TNT, and the site was used to test the effects of 468 atomic explosions during its period of exploitation. Up to 1963, 125 explosions of atomic weapons were carried out above ground.\nThe final test at the site was carried out in October 1989, and in August 1991 the testing site was officially closed. After a clean-up operation by nuclear experts from Kazakhstan, the US and Russia, the last nuclear device at the site was destroyed in 1995.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Rep. Ed Royce (R-CA), Chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, reacted to the nuclear deal reached with Iran in Vienna on Tuesday morning by warning that the terms of the deal violated the conditions laid down by 367 members of Congress in a letter earlier this year.\n“Congress has repeatedly made clear that a final agreement must effectively block Iran’s ability to develop a nuclear weapon. 367 Members of Congress are on record stating that a deal must last for multiple decades and include full disclosure of Iran’s past efforts to build a nuclear weapon, a dramatic reduction in the number of centrifuges, as well as intrusive inspection and verification measures,” Royce said.\nThe deal limits Iran’s uranium enrichment for only eight years, includes only limited inspections, and has no disclosure of Iran’s past efforts.\nWhile these details are key, the overall outcome of today’s agreement is clear: Iran is not required to dismantle key bomb making technology, but is permitted a vast enrichment capacity, and will continue its research and development to gain an industrialized nuclear program in as little as ten years or so. That is hardly “decades.” Even Iran’s heavily fortified underground nuclear facility – which the United States had vowed to shut – stays open. Iran is still able to ‘mass produce’ its ballistic missiles, as the Supreme Leader has ordered. And the terrorist state of Iran will be flush with cash. Iran won’t even have to cheat on this agreement to be a small step away from the bomb, dominate the region and boost its oppressive regime at home. The international sanctions Congress drove for years had this regime on the ropes. Iran’s regime is now claiming to be a winner.\nRoyce added that he will immediately begin the process of analyzing the nuclear deal in his committee hearing scheduled Tuesday morning.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "posted on Jan, 4 2007 @ 06:03 PM\nLinton Brooks, head of the country's nuclear weapons program, has been dismissed by Energy Secretary Samuel Bodman. The firing is the direct result\nof Brooks' failure to close security loopholes at the nation's nuclear facilities. A new National Nuclear Security Administration chief will be\nLinton Brooks is to submit his resignation as chief of the National Nuclear Security Administration this month, the department said.\nBrooks was reprimanded last June for failing to report to Bodman that computers at an NNSA facility in Albuquerque had been breached resulting in the\ntheft of files containing Social Security numbers and other personal data from 1,500 workers.\nLast fall, security at the Los Alamos National Laboratory again came into question when classified nuclear-related documents were found at the home of\na former Los Alamos lab employee with top secret clearance. The discovery was made when police made a drug raid on the employee's home.\nThat security breach was especially troubling, the department's internal watchdog said, because tens of millions of dollars had been spent to upgrade\ncomputer security at Los Alamos. The lab is part of the nuclear weapons complex that Brooks' agency oversees.\nPlease visit the link provided for the complete story.\nIt is very troubling for me to hear that our nuclear facilities are not secure, and the man in charge has failed to see to that security in the wake\nof hacking incidents and other breaches.\nWe are in real trouble as a nation if we can't protect our nuclear facilities from infiltration, cyber or otherwise. It was bad enough to hear about\nthe missing Los Alamos hard drives during the Clinton Administration that reportedly ended up in Chinese hands, and now this.\nLet's get it together guys!", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "It is a textbook and manual of a training course held at the Budapest Technical University for operators of irradiation devices. Calculation methods of radiation technology (estimation of activity variation, space dependence of dose rates, shielding, efficiency) are presented. Instructions for laboratory exercises (dose and dose rate measurements, sterilization by irradiation, handling of irradiation devices) involved in the course given. Two laboratory irradiation devices (RH-GAMMA-30, produced in the Soviet Union and the K-120-type semi-large scale device of the Isotope Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences are described in detail. Handling instructions for the two devices and radiation protection regulations are given. A brief glossary in the field of radiation technology is added.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Nuclear Physics Laboratory, University of Colorado technical progress report, 1976 and proposal for continuation of contract [electronic resource].\n- Oak Ridge, Tenn. : Distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1976.\n- Physical Description:\n- Pages: 162 : digital, PDF file\n- Additional Creators:\n- United States. Department of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information\n- Restrictions on Access:\n- Free-to-read Unrestricted online access\n- This report summarizes the work carried out at the Nuclear Physics Laboratory of the University of Colorado during the period November 1, 1975 to November 1, 1976. The low energy nuclear physics section is dominated by light-ion reaction studies which span a wide range. These include both two-neutron and two-proton transfer reactions, charge exchange and inelastic scattering, as well as single nucleon transfer reactions. The nuclei studied vary widely in their mass and characteristics. These reaction studies have been aided by the multi-use scattering chamber which now allows the energy-loss-spectrometer beam preparation system (beam swinger) to shift from charged particle studies to neutron time-of-flight studies with a minimum loss of time. The intermediate energy section reflects the increase in activity accompanying the arrival of LAMPF data and the initiation of (p,d) studies at the Indiana separated-sector cyclotron. The nucleon removal results provided by the ..pi.. beam at EPICS previous to completion of the spectrometer have shown that nuclear effects dominate this process, so that the widely used free interaction picture is inadequate. The section entitled ''Other Activities'' reveals continuing activities in new applications of nuclear techniques to problems in medicine and biology. Reactions important to astrophysics continue to be investigated and our trace-element program remains at a high level of activity. The theoretical section reports new progress in understanding magnitudes of two-step reactions by inclusion of finite-range effects. A new finite-range program which is fast and economical has been completed. Intermediate energy results include calculations of ..pi..-..gamma.. angular correlations, low energy ..pi..-nucleus interactions, as well as (p,d) and nucleon scattering calculations for intermediate energies.\n- Report Numbers:\n- E 1.99:coo-535-763\n- Other Subject(s):\n- Published through SciTech Connect.\nColorado Univ., Boulder (USA). Nuclear Physics Lab.\n- Funding Information:\nView MARC record | catkey: 14670347", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Fission and Fusion\nThe Crème acolyte keeps insisting that DK was talking about fusion when writing about nuclear energy which will assist mankind in going into the new age. Now it is possible that fusion discoveries will be made that will be an improvement on what we have now, but we are NOT there yet. As I said. If he follows his own advice he would not buy a car equipped with current technology because of the hope they will have flying cars tomorrow.\nNot once has DK even talked specifically about atomic fusion as it is understood today, so you are making a leap of faith in assuming that this is the energy he wrote of.\nHe specifically, however did talk about fission: Let me quote again:\n“On the physical plane, the great scientific discovery, called colloquially the “splitting of the atom,” will be turned eventually to the production of those conditions which will enable mankind to follow the good, the beautiful and the true. This men will then be able to do, freed from the dread presence of purely materialistic thinking. This is no idle vision or vague dream. Many scientists today (and particularly those who love their fellowmen) are not only visioning the non-destructive aspect of atomic energy but are already engaged in harnessing-for the good of humanity-some of its products and its radioactive properties.” Rays & Initiations, Pg 648\nHow much clearer can the written word be? He specifically talks about the “splitting of the atom,” which IS fission as the technology “which will enable mankind to follow the good, the beautiful and the true.”\nHe further says that scientists “are already engaged in harnessing-for the good of humanity-some of its products and its radioactive properties.”\nThis was written shortly after World War II when scientists were first starting to build nuclear reactors for peaceful generation of power. The technology here was fission. This is a fact that you cannot circumvent.\nEven though greater technologies will come along, this technology is here now. We have all the tools to produce unlimited fission energy and with the a new generation of breeder reactors we could completely reprocess the nuclear waste and are much safer than previous generations.. The nuclear waste processed through breeder reactors could supply us with all the power we need to last a thousand years. With that much safe energy fusion would only be looked upon as an added bonus.\nYou criticize a reader for taking a quote out of context, but as I see it she was much more accurate in interpretation than yourself.\nLet us examine the important part of the quote. Note my comments in parenthesis:\nDK “We have dealt in broad and general manner with this question of electricity and have seen that fire essence or substance is resolved through internal activity (radioactive matter) and external heat (the shooting of a neutron into the nucleus) in such a manner that the electric fire at the center of the atom is liberated (split) and seeks a new form” (two new atoms are created).\nJJ: This is a good description of fission. He described atomic fission later as an initiation for matter which liberates the internal life. He does not speak negatively of fission as you insinuate.\nDK “Through knowledge of the devas, (the form nature) Through external pressure and vibration, (producing heat and shooting neutrons at the nucleus) Through internal stimulation (radioactivity and atom splitting), through color applied in stimulation and vitalization, (creating Uranium isotopes or plutonium) Through mantric sounds (the secret of detonation) he will find the secret of atomic energy, latent in the mineral kingdom, and will bend that inconceivable power and force to the solution of the problems of existence. Only when atomic energy (the escaping life – pure energy) is better understood and the nature of the fourth ether (pure energy) somewhat comprehended, shall we see that control of the air (mind) which lies inevitably ahead.” TCF, Page 496\nJJ: The amazing thing about this is that it was first published in 1925 before there was much knowledge of atomic energy. It is interesting that Alice A. Bailey lived to see a partial fulfillment of much of what he predicted about atomic energy.\nOur Crème supporter friend again quotes D K on nuclear energy\n“On the physical plane, the great scientific discovery, called colloquially the “splitting of the atom,” will be turned eventually to the production of those conditions which will enable mankind to follow the good, the beautiful and the true.” Rays and Initiations, Page 647\nHe interprets this as only applying to atomic bombs, not the production of electricity.\nJJ: Why would you limit “the splitting of the atom” to the bomb only when all nuclear reactors also split the atom? Sounds like you are putting words into DK’s mouth.\nDK says point blank that scientists “are not only visioning the non-destructive aspect of atomic energy but are already engaged in harnessing – for the good of humanity – some of its products and its radioactive properties.”\nThis sentence follows the mentioning of the “splitting of the atom” statement. Note that he says scientists “are ALREADY ENGAGED IN HARNESSING… its radioactive properties. In the late forties when this was given out scientists were working with fission, not fusion for the benefit of the people.\nThis statement would definitely apply to the 400 nuclear reactors because they operate on the principle of fission, of which DK spoke. Even today fusion reactors are far from being demonstrated as usable and depending on the problems that will be solved in their creation the presence of fast neutrons could also create a large number of atomic waste products.\nReader: it is NOT nuclear fission energy but fusion that produces those good conditions mentioned by DK.\nJJ: Fusion has done nothing yet except produce the hydrogen bomb. but it is fission which supplies us with the much of our needed energy just as DK related. You really need to argue with him.\nReader: “The fission of the nucleus of the atom in the past few years is the outer sign or demonstration that humanity has “encompassed” the divine Mind and can now move on to “encompass” the love or the attractive nature of divinity.” Notice the words “now move on” … the process of nuclear fusion, not fission\nJJ: Love is attractive, but the only energy we have from atomic fusion so far is the hydrogen bomb. He was not talking about atomic fusion here, but the attractive energy of love we need to acquire. Fusion reactors will eventually be perfected, but they may have some waste problems as do the current fission reactors. In the meantime, by the use of breeder reactors we can eliminate all waste by the use of current technology.\nAre you still refusing to buy a car because you are waiting for the flying ones?\nReader: There is nowhere I have found in the writings of DK where he talks about “atomic energy for the peaceful production of power” which are your words\nJJ: I have quoted it several times now and repeated it in the beginning of this post: DK talks about using the “non-destructive aspect of atomic energy” for the “good of humanity.” “Non destructive” implies peaceful use. Don’t tell me that only fission destroys atoms because so does fusion. Both of these processes destroy the atoms as they are and creates new ones. Obviously the use of the term “non destructive” is in reference to nuclear energy in relation to humanity.\nReader: It is also a falsity to consider nuclear fission as “peaceful”. The literal meaning of the word “fission” means breaking up into parts. There is nothing peaceful about this process, it is literally destructive. The process is explosion.\nJJ: First there are no explosions in a nuclear reactor. Fission and fusion are equally destructive as far as effect on atoms go. We should not let our bias prevent us from using either one as the technology becomes available to help humanity.\nReader: Just because a bomb is not being dropped, does not mean it is “peaceful”. The explosion created during the nuclear fission process is unstable energy – hence why it explodes.\nJJ: The is no explosion in a nuclear reactor. Hydrogen fusion bombs do explode and are generally even more destructive than fission bombs.\nYou’re picking at straws here with a mindset to be right even when you have no evidence.\nCross country skiing is great if you live in a small country. — Steven Wright\nOct 1, 2003\nCopyright by J J Dewey\nJJ’s Amazon page HERE\nGather with JJ on Facebook HERE", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Meanwhile, just outside the bustling disaster response center in the city of Fukushima, 40 miles (60 kilometers) northwest of the plant, government nuclear specialist Kazuya Konno was able to take only a three-minute break for his first meeting since the quake with his wife, Junko, and their children.\n“It’s very nerve-racking. We really don’t know what is going to become of our city,” said Junko Konno, 35. “Like most other people, we have been staying indoors unless we have to go out.”\nShe brought her husband a small backpack with a change of clothes and snacks. The girls — aged 4 and 6 and wearing pink surgical masks decorated with Mickey Mouse — gave their father hugs.\nLow levels of radiation have been detected well beyond Tokyo, which is 140 miles (220 kilometers) south of the plant, but hazardous levels have been limited to the plant itself.\nNuclear reactors at the Fukushima plant began overheating and leaking radiation into the atmosphere in the days after the March 11 quake and the subsequent tsunami overwhelmed its cooling systems. The government admitted it was slow to respond to the nuclear troubles, which added another crisis on top of natural disasters, which officials believe killed more than 10,000 people and displaced more than 400,000 others.\nThere were signs of progress in bringing the overheating reactors and fuel storage pools under control.\nA fire truck with a high-pressure cannon was parked outside the plant’s Unit 3, about 300 meters (yards) from the Pacific coast, and began shooting a stream of water nonstop into the pool for seven straight hours, said Kenji Kawasaki, a spokesman for the nuclear safety agency.\nA separate pumping vehicle will keep the fire truck’s water tank refilled. Because of high radiation levels, firefighters will only go to the truck every three hours when it needs to be refueled. They expect to pump about 1,400 tons of water, nearly the capacity of the pool.\nEdano said conditions at the reactors in units 1, 2 and 3 — all of which have been rocked by explosions in the past eight days — had “stabilized.”\nHoles were punched in the roofs of units 5 and 6 to vent buildups of hydrogen gas, and the temperature in Unit 5’s fuel storage pool dropped after new water was pumped in, Tokyo Electric Power Co. said.\n“We more or less do not expect to see anything worse than what we are seeing now,” said Hidehiko Nishiyama of the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency.\nAlthough a replacement power line reached the complex Friday, workers had to methodically work through badly damaged and deeply complex electrical systems to make the final linkups without setting off a spark and potentially an explosion. Company officials hoped to be able to switch on the all the reactors’ power on Sunday.\nEven once the power is reconnected, it is not clear if the cooling systems will still work.\nThe storage pools need a constant source of cooling water. When removed from reactors, uranium rods are still very hot and must be cooled for months, possibly longer, to prevent them from heating up again and emitting radioactivity.\nMore workers were thrown into the effort — bringing the total at the complex to 500 — and the safety threshold for radiation exposure for them was raised two-and-a-half times so that they could keep working.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Israel destroyed a Syrian nuclear reactor in an air raid just weeks before it went online in 2007, said a US diplomatic cable released by WikiLeaks.\n“On September 6, 2007, Israel destroyed the nuclear reactor built by Syria secretly, apparently with North Korea’s help,” then US secretary of state Condoleezza Rice wrote in the cable published in Yediot Aharonot newspaper.\n“Our intelligence experts are convinced that the attack targeted by the Israelis is in fact an atomic reactor of the same type built by North Korea in Yongbyon,” she wrote in the message dated April 2008.\n“We have good reason to believe that the reactor was not built for peaceful purposes,” she said, adding the attack came only weeks before the reactor was to become operational.\nRice also noted the secrecy surrounding the construction of the nuclear facility, with the Syrian authorities refusing to invite the International Atomic Energy Agency or any media to inspect the site.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Council adopted the new emergency response plan (PIU) in the event of a nuclear accident. The plan sets the action the government will take in the event of a nuclear or radiological accident by establishing alert procedures, crisis management bodies and preventive, protective and emergency measures for the population. The accidents that the plan aims to manage are those that cause or could cause large quantities of radioactive materials to be released into the environment and which could pose a risk to public health. The draft plan was optimised following the 3-in-1 cross-border nuclear exercise organised at Greater Region level in 2012 and 2013. With the aim of getting the draft plan finalised and approved by the Council, it was presented to a series of stakeholders involved in the different levels of its implementation.\nThe emergency response plan plans for four main preventive and protective measures for the population:\nTaking shelter, taking potassium iodide tablets, evacuation and food restrictions. It also distinguishes between the different accident phases: The emergency phase and the post-accident phase. The first is divided into a threat phase and a release phase, and the second into a transition phase and a long-term consequence management phase. The old plan's division into yellow, blue and red phases has therefore been replaced. The plan sets a primary planning zone (emergency phase) of 15 km in the event of an evacuation and 25 km if stable iodine tablets must be taken and shelter sought. To avoid having to rush distribution of potassium iodide tablets, the new plan provides for a supply of tablets to be distributed to the Luxembourg population in normal times.\nThe plan details the crisis management structure as stated in the document on the functioning of the Senior Council for National Protection and the Crisis Cell, approved by the Council of Government on 18 July 2014.\nThe new plan was presented in details at a press conference held on Tuesday 21 October 2014.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "PSOC BASED DIGITAL FILTER DESIGN FOR PROCESSING SODIUM FLOW FROM EDDY CURRENT FLOWMETER FOR SAFETY OF SODIUM COOLED FAST BREEDER REACTORSPoornapushpakala Suriyamoorthi and Gomathy Chidambaram\nSafe operation of the nuclear reactor is important for secure human life and their environment. Continuous monitoring of sodium flow is done by a measuring electronics which ensures the protection of reactor from loss of coolant. This paper discusses a novel approach in the design and implementation of digital signal conditioning system which is free of computation. It is developed for improving the performance of the analog signal conditioning circuit of the measuring electronics used for eddy current flowmeter. This flowmeter is employed in sodium cooled fast breeder reactors for monitoring the sodium flowrate. Sodium is the main coolant of the reactor. Hence monitoring is essential to check performance of primary sodium pump which ensures the safety of the reactor. The present work involves in bandpass filter design using Programmable system on Chip (PSoC) microcontroller which is a part of the monitoring system. The signal to noise ratio of the design is 15 dB as against 2.4 dB of the existing analog signal conditioning system. The average response time of the digital signal conditioning system is improved to 10.64 ms.\nEnter your contact information below to receive full paper.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "NASA seeks ideas for building a nuclear reactor on the moon\nBoise, Idaho — If anyone has a good idea on how to build a nuclear fission power plant on the moon, the U.S. government wants to hear about it.\nNASA and the nation’s top federal nuclear research lab on Friday put out a request for proposals for a fission surface power system.\nNASA is collaborating with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Idaho National Laboratory to establish a sun-independent power source for missions to the moon by the end of the decade.\nIf successful, the next objective would be Mars.\nSubmitted plans for the fission surface power system should include a uranium-fueled reactor core, a system to convert the nuclear power into usable energy, a thermal management system to keep the reactor cool, and a distribution system providing no less than 40 kilowatts of continuous electric power for 10 years in the lunar environment.\nAdditionally, when launched from Earth to the moon, it should fit inside a 12-foot (4-meter) diameter cylinder that's 18 feet (6 meters) long. It should not weigh more than 13,200 pounds (6,000 kilograms).\nThe proposal requests are for an initial system design and must be submitted by Feb. 19.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Expanded Partnership to Promote Open Access to Particle Physics Journals\nResearchers from around the world will soon have increased free access to a wealth of resources in particle physics through the IAEA's partnership with the Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics (SCOAP3), thanks to an agreement signed this month.\nThe consortium, which is a partnership featuring 3000 libraries, funding agencies and research centres from 47 countries as well as three intergovernmental organizations, including the IAEA, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), enables open access to high-quality subscription journals in the area of particle physics by re-directing subscription funds. Under the scheme, publishers are paid centrally, thus reducing or eliminating the fees for SCOAP3members.\nAs of January 2018, researchers will also be able to access peer-reviewed articles published in American Physical Society's (APS) journals, including: Physical Review C, Physical Review D and Physical Review Letters. APS is the world's leading publishing house in the field of particle physics - the branch of physics that studies the nature of the particles that constitute matter and radiation.\n\"The participation of the IAEA in SCOAP3 highlights the importance of open science and making scientific research and data widely accessible to our Member States,\" said Zaven Hakopov, Coordinator of the IAEA's International Nuclear Information System (INIS) and the IAEA representative on the SCOAP3 Governing Council.\nSCOAP3 maintains a repository enabling anyone to search, browse or download the open access articles made available by the consortium. Over 15000 records are accessible in the repository. The core activities of SCOAP3 are in line with the IAEA's efforts in making nuclear information on the peaceful use of nuclear science and technology universally accessible.\n\"An additional benefit of the consortium is that authors who would like to publish in journals taking part in the SCOAP3 initiative can do this free of charge with immediate open access to their articles, while retaining copyrights,\" Hakopov said.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Share is article:According to an EPRI modeling study, a combination of reduced capital costs, additional revenue streams, and stringent climate policies could enable significant deployment of advanced nuclear power technologies. Low natural gas prices have challenged e profitability of nuclear power in e United States, stalling new deployment. Implementation Status of Industry Change Management Plan for Materials Related R&D Committees under NEI 03-08 Mike Robinson Duke Power. Materials/Aging APC. Final Meeting Agendas Vary Slightly. EPRI Nuclear Power Council Advisory Meeting Agenda Meeting: Chemistry, LLW and RM Technical Advisory Committee Meeting Holder: K. Fruzzetti Meeting Location: Ballroom II Fairmont, Washington DC Date: 08-29- Time Discussion Topic Presenter 6:30 AM Continental Breakfast (Colonnade Room). 8 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. EPRI WRTC Program–Who We Are. EPRI Plant Support: • Steve Swilley, EPRI Sr. Director. EPRI sponsors at least two two-day workshops/meetings each year, which members are encouraged to attend. Each plant site is allowed two attendees from e plant or corporate staff. Non-members are invited to attend for a small fee at can be applied tod annual membership. Contact: Susan Rodgers, [email protected] 8:00.m. – 5:00 p.m. Nuclear Power Council General Session Grand Ballroom (BRL) Contact: Christine King, [email protected] Sav E- -DatES Nuclear Power couNcil advisory MeetiNgs uary 28 – February 1, location: tBd ust 26 – ust 30, Boston riott copley Place. Future MRP Advisory Meetings are scheduled as follows: • Pressurized Water Reactor Materials Management Program (PMMP) Executive Committee Meeting, February 4, in San Antonio, TX (during EPRI’s Nuclear Power Council Week). • MRP Utility Leadership Meeting, February 20-21, in . 20, · Paks Nuclear Power Plant in Hungary joined EPRI’s Nuclear Program in at a significant cture in e nation’s power system. e government had just granted life extensions to two of e four 500-megawatt VVER nuclear reactors at e site, about 130 kilometers sou of Budapest on e Danube River. Location, Location, Location Where to Site a New Nuclear Plant. EPRI has updated a siting guide for new nuclear plants based on user and regulatory feedback from more an 20 siting studies conducted worldwide sinc e 2002. EPRI has issued a guidance document at describes selection and evaluation criteria for siting new nuclear power plants. 18, · It was a signature meeting, co-hosted by e council’s Japanese members and attended by 1 nuclear industry representatives. e many chief nuclear officers in attendance, as well as e CEO of e World Association of Nuclear Operators, recognized EPRI’s critical role in Fukushima. New Member Orientation Power Delivery and Energy Utilization Sector Ivo Hug keting Manager Lora Cocco Senior Operations Manager Toge er Shaping e Future of Electricity. EPRI 3420 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. 2001- All rights reserved. Follow us on: Facebook Twitter YouTube. e s ter energy network of e future, EPRI believes, will incorporate a diversified pool of resources located closer to e consumer, pumping out low- or zero-emissions power in backyards. UESI invited to speak at EPRI Nuclear Utility Coatings Council Annual Meeting. of industry personnel and coatings experts at help develop guidance and assist in resolving issues related to nuclear coatings. is meeting provides an open forum for all ose affected by coating systems in eir plant to ga er and share problems and provide. e Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. (EPRI) conducts research and development relating to e generation, delivery, and use of electricity for e benefit of e public. As an independent, nonprofit organization, EPRI brings toge er its scientists and engineers to collaborate wi experts in academia and industry to address challenges in electricity. EPRI S t Grid Demonstration Overview: 1388k: 3/3/: EPRI S t Grid Demonstration Update: 798k: 3/4/: AEP Community Energy Storage: 00k: 3/3/: Architecture Panel Session Introduction: 487k: 3/3/: IBM EPRI DER Integration Architecture: 57k: 3/4/: FirstEnergy Architecture Operational Functions: 513k: 3/4/: Con Edison Architecture. Paks Nuclear Power Plant in Hungary joined EPRI’s Nuclear Program in at a significant cture in e nation’s power system. e government had just granted life extensions to two of e four 500-megawatt VVER nuclear reactors at e site, about 130 kilometers sou of Budapest on e Danube River. Paks was also in e. nuclear power plant operations. Provide policy direction on critical issues – regulation, legislation, congressional aeness / acceptance, waste, transportation and o er issues B. Aid in e integration of e several disciplines constituting nuclear science and technology B. Provide a medium rough which power producers and o er. A research and development plan recommending two strategies at would allow nuclear energy to play a substantial role in meeting future US energy needs has been released by e Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and e Department of Energy's (DOE's) Idaho National Laboratory (INL). EPRI completed a feasibility study for a multi-state water quality trading in e Ohio River Basin in , which presented a strong business case for coal-fired power plant involvement in e development of interstate trading program. New technologies to control air emissions result in increased nutrient discharges to surface waters. Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Anne Demma Program Manager, EPRI Jim Cirilli PSCR Chairman, Exelon Technical Exchange Meeting on. 4 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Agenda Tuesday April 28 9:30 Opening Plenary –Welcome and EPRI Overview 11:00 Break. Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Anne Demma Program Manager, EPRI. Technical Exchange Meeting on Materials. Rockville, MD. 22, · UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REACTOR REGULATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20555-0001 uary 31, 1995 NRC INFORMATION NOTICE 95-09: USE OF INAPPROPRIATE GUIDELINES AND CRITERIA FOR NUCLEAR PIPING AND PIPE SUPPORT EVALUATION AND DESIGN Addressees All holders of operating licenses or construction permits for nuclear power. 07, · EPRI claims its report is e most significant collaborative research in is area to date, wi funding and active support from more an 60 U.S. utilities, and collaboration wi e Defense reat Reduction Agency, e U.S. Department of Energy (including e ree nuclear weapons laboratories), and e Electricity Subsector Coordinating. EPRI JOURNAL is published by e Electric Power Research Institute. EPRI was founded in 1972 by e nation's electric utilities to develop and manage a technology program for improving electric power production, distribution, and utilization. EPRI JOURNAL Staff and Contributors: Agnes Waters, Managing Editor Ralph Whitaker, Feature Editor. Feb 26, · e SPID report is e product of significant interaction between e NRC, Nuclear Energy Institute, EPRI, and o er stakeholders at over fifteen public meetings over a 9-mon period. ese interactions and e insights gained from e meetings allowed for e development of is document in a very short time frame. 15, · Because of e radioactivity and extreme longevity of spent nuclear fuel, its management is a major policy challenge for virtually every country in e world at generates nuclear power. According to e National Academy of Sciences (National Research Council, 1990), e best way to dispose of nuclear waste is in a geologic repository. e plan, entitled INL/Nuclear Power Industry Strategic Plan for Light Water Reactor Research and Development, was developed by an industry-laboratory team and reviewed and approved by e leadership of e INL's Utility Advisory Board and EPRI's Nuclear Power Council. Special Called Meeting president of e Carolinas Virginia Nuclear Power Associates, Inc. ommissioning Project and chairman of e nuclear industry'sNew Plant Oversight Committee. A native of West Hartlepool, He is a member of e EPRI Nuclear Power Council Executive Committee. In e, EPRI, along wi e International Atomic Energy Agency, e United Kingdom's National Nuclear Laboratory, e OECD's Nuclear Energy Agency and Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power, convened a global forum to develop an action plan for technical and process solutions to reduce operating costs and enhance nuclear safety for support of. Stephen Lee, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Ron Litzinger, Sou ern California Edison. Richard Lordan, EPRI. John McDonald, General Electric (GE) Ken Neme, Sou ern States Energy Board. Dave Nevius, Nor American Electrical Reliability Council. Dave Owens, Edison Electric Institute. Steve Pullins, Horizon Energy Group. UESI invited to speak at EPRI Nuclear Utility Coatings Council Annual Meeting – uary . e Nuclear Utility Coatings Council (NUCC) was formed to assist in handling safety related service level one coatings in e nuclear facilities. NUCC now addresses Service level III coatings, regulatory sensitive coatings issues, and specific issues. NEI’s conferences offer e opportunity for nuclear industry ision-makers, ought leaders, policymakers, government experts and o ers to network, discover e latest technologies and inspire industry in ation. Visit NEI’s conference webpages to find details on specific meetings. Apr 04, · PALO ALTO, Calif., April 04, (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) e Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) announced e election of a new chair and four members to e Board of Directors, as well as e. e industry cost share rough EPRI is more an 50 at bo levels. - $5 M level: DOE $4986, EPRI $7232 - $9 M level: DOE $8286, EPRI $,831? e House-Senate Conference completed eir work on e Energy and Water bill last week and au orized $7M for NEPO. NEI), and (4) e EPRI technology in ation fund. Gaertner reported at e first two sources have already approved funding and at he expects approval by e latter two by e end of e year. He said at if funding is not completed by e end of e year, he will appeal in uary, 2007, to e EPRI Nuclear Power Council for e remaining. e agenda for e uary 24-25, Fuel Cycle and Infrastructure Subcommittee meeting is shown below. e meeting provided members an overview of several research efforts funded by e DOE Office of Nuclear Energy’s Fuel Cycle and Supply Chain Office (NE-4), and related research at is . e Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) conducts research development and demonstration activities for e benefit of e public in e United States and internationally. EPRI has an external group, Hoisting, Rigging, and Crane User Group (HRCUG), at provides a forum for e exchange of information and seeks to improve e technical expertise of plant personnel responsible for rigging. e DFOG Meeting was y 9-11, at e Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in Charlotte, NC. e DFOG technical meeting occurred on Tuesday and ursday. On Wednesday, DFOG members participated in e Joint Owners Group (JOG) meeting consisting of members from industry Diesel Engine Owners Groups. ANNUAL INDUSTRY/NRC MATERIALS PROGRAMS TECHNICAL INFORMATION EXCHANGE PUBLIC MEETING Tuesday, e 2, 8:30.m. - 5:45 p.m. EST Wednesday, e 3, 8:30.m. - 5:45 p.m. EST ursday, e 4, 8:30.m. - 12:00 p.m. EXT Call-in 888-606-78 code 84754 To discuss bo pressurized water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR) technical . 17, · WASHINGTON, D.C., y 17, (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) Mike Hod, President and CEO of e Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), was selected by e United States Energy Association (USEA) as. 17, · In e, EPRI, along wi e International Atomic Energy Agency, e United Kingdom's National Nuclear Laboratory, e OECD's Nuclear Energy Agency and Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power, . Apr 26, · Council (NIC), e Nuclear Waste Strategy Coalition, and e American Nuclear Society (ANS). of e Electric Power Research Institute’s (EPRI’s) Technical Advisory Committee Position Statement, Fif Topical Meeting on Spent Nuclear Fuel and Fissile Materials Management, Charleston, SC, 18, 2002. e division encourages research and disseminates information rough meetings and publications. Areas of technical interest include nuclear data, particle interactions and transport, reactor and nuclear systems analysis, me ods, design, validation and operating experience and standards. (EPRI) Nuclear Power Council Executive Committee. 30, · e Roadmap builds on a White Paper by EPRI, e IAEA and WANO on Nuclear Industry New Build / New Entrants, which focused on new nuclear programmes from e perspective of nuclear newcomers (‘new entrants’) and new builds in expanding nuclear countries or utilities. Some 30 countries are considering or embarking on nuclear power. Technical Executive, EPRI. Dr. Cool is currently e Technical Executive for Radiation Safety wi e Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). In is role, he provides technical guidance in radiation safety and protection, and is actively involved in EPRI research on low dose radiation effects.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Holtec International and Hyundai Engineering & Construction (a Hyundai Motor Group subsidiary) have signed an accord to accelerate the completion of Holtec’s SMR-160 small modular reactor development program, as well as to collaborate on diverse clean energy technologies.\nOctober 24, 2022, 9:16AMNuclear News\nJuly 25, 2022, 7:03AMNuclear News\nThe Department of Energy earlier this year approved part one of a loan application from Holtec International for small modular reactor construction and invited the firm to apply for a loan to help build four of its SMR-160 units and grow its manufacturing capacity to produce the first wave of SMRs.\nMarch 30, 2022, 3:07PMRadwaste Solutions\nHoltec International and Hyundai Engineering & Construction have signed an agreement to cooperate in the area of nuclear plant decontamination and decommissioning.\nUnder the teaming agreement, Hyundai E&C will participate in D&D activities at Holtec-owned decommissioning sites in the United States to build its capabilities and experience in preparation for decommissioning projects in South Korea, which will be undertaken by the two companies. The agreement also provides for the two companies to further expand their cooperation internationally.\nNovember 1, 2021, 9:30AMANS Nuclear Cafe\nHoltec International said its manufacturing specialists continue to bring forth new welding and weld examination technologies. The company recently highlighted three “landmark achievements” that are transforming its manufacturing program.\nIn addition to manufacturing spent nuclear fuel storage and transportation casks, Holtec provides products and services to the nuclear industry, including nondestructive examination of in-service reactor components. The company is also developing its own small modular reactor, the SMR-160.\nApril 5, 2021, 9:30AMANS Nuclear Cafe\nHoltec International’s SMR-160 is a pressurized light-water thermal spectrum reactor that relies on natural circulation, thereby eliminating the need for reactor coolant pumps during normal operation. The reference design incorporates a lower pressure conventional steam turbine and wet cooling via a tube-and-shell condenser coupled with forced-draft cooling towers. Optionally, the plant can use dry cooling via Holtec’s HI-KOOL air-cooled condenser.\nNovember 4, 2020, 3:01PMNuclear News\nHoltec International announced yesterday a drive to secure Nuclear Regulatory Commission design certification of the company’s SMR-160 small modular reactor on an accelerated schedule.\nAccording to the announcement, Holtec met with NRC officials and staff on September 30 to present a licensing roadmap that charts what the company referred to as a “seamless progression from [10 CFR Part 50] to [10 CFR Part 52] and a licensing topical report submittal schedule to support an accelerated availability plan for our global customers.”\nThe first planned submittal, scheduled to occur within the next few weeks, is a topical report covering the SMR-160’s essential safety features: the Passive Core Cooling System (PCCS) and Passive Containment Heat Removal System (PCHR). These systems, Holtec said, “undergird the SMR’s guaranteed safety under the various operational occurrences and hypothetical accidents that may afflict the plant.”\nThe submittal also aims to demonstrate that the PCCS and PCHR comply with the NRC’s General Design Criteria (Part 50, Appendix A), “an important enabler to expedite licensing efforts,” according to Holtec.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "LUSAKA, Sept. 6 (Xinhua) -- A team of experts from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is in Zambia to assess if the country had adequate infrastructure for nuclear development, a senior official said on Thursday.\nGodfrey Malama, Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Corporation, said the team was in Zambia to assess the status of nuclear infrastructure following the government's plans to acquire and operate a research reactor as part of its capacity building to operate a nuclear power plant.\nIn remarks delivered during a meeting of stakeholders, the official said the government has decided to pursue nuclear technology for industrial uses, medical applications and electricity generation.\n\"The research reactor project and a nuclear power plant require relevant nuclear infrastructure to be put in place in order to ensure that nuclear technology is used safely and in a secure manner,\" he said.\nThe official expressed optimism that the IAEA experts will help in identifying gaps, and assist in strengthening Zambia's nuclear infrastructure.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Amec Foster Wheeler is a global leader in the field of nuclear safety advice and analysis, and the company has built a powerful suite of software to model and simulate such facilities, and assess the safety and operation of nuclear reactors.\nThis includes tools for criticality calculations (determining whether or not a given geometric configuration is capable of sustaining a chain reaction or not); and reactor physics calculations (analysing the physical properties of a reactor that's currently sustaining a chain reaction). These computations are essential for reactor analysis and assessing the safety limits for fuel transportation and storage.\nIncreasing safety standards and demands for improved plant performance have led to requirements for improved fidelity of modelling and simulation tools, and to extend the domain of applicability of modelling tools to cover a wider range of plant scenarios. This was the case with one of the tools for perturbation analysis, which did not converge reliably when used over an extended range of scenarios. Reliability is paramount in the nuclear industry, which sets very high safety standards, so Amec Foster Wheeler approached mathematicians at Bath to investigate and suggest remedies.\nOur researchers drew on their knowledge of relevant areas of numerical analysis, including numerical linear algebra, partial differential equations and eigenvalue problems - the fundamental mathematical building blocks used in modelling nuclear reactors. The team identified conditions under which the company's Monte Carlo perturbation module was not guaranteed to converge and, as a result, suggested a method to extend the range of scenarios for which it would. This prompted the company to recode parts of the module to extend its range of applicability.\nAmec Foster Wheeler's nuclear modelling software is used throughout the UK nuclear industry and in many countries around the world. The research carried out by mathematicians at Bath had a clear impact on its robustness, and thus the ability of the company to compete as a world leader in the development of these software tools. They have now started a new programme of research with us.\nPaul Smith from Amec Foster Wheeler said: \"The work performed for the CASE project provided considerable insight into the convergence of the perturbation scheme and suggested improvements to the method. Our reactor physics code has been modified in the light of the improved understanding, resulting in improved robustness of the scheme over a wider range of applications. Without such improvements to the existing method, it would have been necessary to develop alternative methods to satisfy industry needs, at considerable cost to the nuclear industry.\"", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Thursday, August 4, 2016\nYou Might be Operating an Unsafe Reactor If… - All Things Nuclear\nThere are currently two empty positions on the five-member Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). If comedian Jeff Foxworthy were nominated and confirmed to become a Commissioner, you wonder how he would finish the nuclear safety equivalent of his “redneck” routine?\nYou might be operating an unsafe reactor if …\nThis Ending Intentionally Blank\nThe NRC, at least during the last decade of the 20th century and so far in this 21st century, has never seen an unsafe reactor. Not once.\nThe NRC often claims they would shut down an unsafe reactor. Perhaps they would. But they’ve not spotted an unsafe reactor in nearly three decades. They suspected they saw an unsafe reactor about 15 years ago, but changed their mind(s).\nSo, it’s not that the NRC would fail to shut down an unsafe reactor. But it’s been so long since they spotted one, they seem to have forgotten what they look like...", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "|Sep7-12, 11:42 AM||#1|\nEffective Nuclear Charge\nI have come across the Slater's Rules that is used to calculate the numerical value of effective nuclear charge of elements.\nCan somebody please show to me the calculation of effective nuclear charge of atoms of element down the group 2 by using the Slater's rule??\nI calculate by using the information from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slater's_rules.\nmany books mention that increment in atomic radius down the group 2 is caused by the decreasing effective nuclear charge. is it true? Thanks for your help and i really need all your help.\n|Sep10-12, 07:27 PM||#2|\nFirstly, I am not sure that Slater's rules as presented in the wikipedia article are a correct interpretation. However , let us suppose that they are.\nI calculate effective nuclear charges of 1.95, 2.85, 2.85, 2.85, and 2.85 for Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba respectively.\nThe increase in atomic radius is not the result of a decreasing effective nuclear charge. It is mostly the result of an increasing principal quantum number for the outermost electrons, and the increase in atomic radius is lessened by the increasing effective nuclear charge.\n|Sep12-12, 11:23 AM||#3|\nOr could you please share with me your knowledge and understanding on Slater's rule ?? Thanks a lot.\n|Sep12-12, 05:50 PM||#4|\nEffective Nuclear Charge\nSlater's rules were designed for the specific purpose of trying to calculate molecular structures and chemical bonds in a simplistic model where only valence electrons were considered, with single electron wave functions, and \"hydrogen-like orbitals\" -- that is,\npsi(3px) = x * exp(-alpha*r) rather than the truly hydrogen-like (b – x) * exp(-alpha*r)\nThey were also \"tuned\" for energy -- ionization potentials and bond strengths -- rather than atom size.\nThere is another method that is used for obtaining effective nuclear charge. It involves a close examination of the atomic spectrum of an element and identifying particular groups of lines as \"Rydberg series\". If this method is used, you can arrive at a significantly different pattern for effective nuclear charge.\n|Similar Threads for: Effective Nuclear Charge|\n|Determining effective nuclear charge||Advanced Physics Homework||0|\n|Effective Nuclear Charge||Advanced Physics Homework||1|\n|Effective Nuclear charge||Biology, Chemistry & Other Homework||0|\n|Atomic structure and determing effective nuclear charge||Advanced Physics Homework||4|\n|calculating effective nuclear charge||Biology, Chemistry & Other Homework||4|", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "TimeSkip said:was wondering if there was a meltdown in 2015 when it was taken.\nWhat are you talking about? What leads you to believe there is a meltdown shown somewhere in those graphics?TimeSkip said:I was browsing a antineutrino map and was wondering if there was a meltdown in 2015 when it was taken.\nI never heard about it in the news; but, here are some pictures from the paper:\nThe article mainly refers to 'geoneutrino' emanations from the Earth including mixing models of the three known antineutrinos.russ_watters said:What are you talking about? What leads you to believe there is a meltdown shown somewhere in those graphics?\nThe dark splotches in the US, Europe, Asia (Japan, S. Korea, Taiwan, eastern China), S. Americal and S. Africa are operating nuclear power plants. One has to look at the energy levels of the neutrinos, since there is a mix of U, Th isotopes and their decay products, and fission products and their decay products. Note that beta decay involves the release of an electron (beta particle) and anti-neutrino.TimeSkip said:The color doesn't look uniform around that circled spot.\nWas just wondering.\nAs in: Something like wind blew something to the north of the reactor in question.\nA nuclear meltdown is a catastrophic failure of a nuclear reactor, resulting in a significant release of radioactive material and immense heat. This can occur when a reactor's core becomes too hot, causing the fuel rods to melt and release radiation.\nAn antineutrino map is a visual representation of the distribution of antineutrinos, which are subatomic particles that are produced during nuclear reactions. These maps are created by detecting and measuring the energy and direction of antineutrinos emitted from nuclear reactors.\nThe nuclear meltdown in 2015 was caused by a combination of factors, including a faulty reactor design, inadequate safety protocols, and human error. The exact cause is still being investigated, but it is believed that a series of small malfunctions and human mistakes led to the meltdown.\nThe consequences of the nuclear meltdown in 2015 were severe and long-lasting. The release of radioactive material resulted in significant environmental and health impacts, including increased rates of cancer and other health issues in the surrounding area. The economic and social effects were also significant, as the affected area had to be evacuated and the nuclear industry faced increased scrutiny and regulations.\nAfter the nuclear meltdown in 2015, there have been increased efforts to improve nuclear safety and prevent future meltdowns. This includes implementing stricter regulations, enhancing safety protocols, and investing in new technologies and designs for nuclear reactors. Additionally, there is a greater focus on training and educating personnel to prevent human error and improve emergency response in the event of a nuclear incident.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "This Coordinated Research Project (CRP) seeks to advance the fundamental fusion-material research and technologies, in close connection with high gain target development, and enhance information exchange on Inertial Fusion Energy R&D, establishing an international network of working groups. This will open the door for more Member States to join the research efforts at different levels and contribute to moving forward in developing the peaceful use of fusion energy, serving the needs of both IFE and Magnetic Fusion Energy (MFE) communities.\nThe present CRP proposal is the continuity of former highly successful ones, which:\n– Contributed to stimulation and promotion of Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) development by improving international cooperation (Elements of power plant design for inertial fusion energy, 2000–2004);\n– Covered research relevant to development of IFE and to enhancement of awareness in Member States regarding beam-plasma and beam-matter interaction, development of building blocks for IFE and on IFE power plants structure and integration (Pathways to Energy from Inertial Fusion: An Integrated Approach, 2006–2010);\n– Provided an assessment of the material requirements, consequences and characteristic behaviours in pulsed, repetitively cycled IFE systems (Pathways to Energy from Inertial Fusion: Materials beyond Ignition, 2015–2019).\nThe CRP will comprise a coordinated set of research activities:\n1. To advance the underlying science and develop novel materials for fusion energy.2. To understand the key processes in the target chamber.3. To assess tritium inventory and its handling.4. To develop next generation targets and diagnostics, that will also help enhance knowledge on high gain target materials.5. To develop driver (including materials research) and target fabrication technologies with an emphasis on repetition systems.\nFor that aim, it is planned:\n1.1. To conduct supporting experiments in repetitive regimes of mechanical, thermal and radiation loads in relevant high-power pulsed plasma, beam and laser installations to understand the science of evolving materials (due to continuous erosion, re-deposition and continuous exposure to particles, radiation and plasma);\n1.2. To understand the physics of electronic excitation in optical and dielectric materials which is the basic mechanism of material damage under high irradiation doses both in IFE and MFE;\n1.3. To identify the limits in radiation power, particle flux, and radiation handling, for solid and liquid plasma facing component materials, and extend their performance to IFE and MFE reactor relevant conditions;\n1.4. To coordinate experimental and modelling efforts towards common standards on material properties.\n2.1. To investigate the interactions of the “dry” first wall material with deposited capsule, pellet debris/aerosol materials;\n2.2. To examine the possible use of liquid metals as a “wet” first wall material;\n2.3. To assess the requirements for chamber clearing in a reactor operating in the high repetition mode when considering driver and target injection, and first wall responses to implosions.\n3.1. To evaluate chamber gas/exhaust compositions and the resulting chamber gas-wall interactions, to determine tritium inventory in an IFE power plant;\n3.2. To understand mechanisms of permeation of hydrogen isotopes in the proposed materials, including the assessment of coatings from the manufacturing, adhesion and resistance;\n3.3. To specify material requirements, and engineering strategies, for tritium breeding blankets and related systems, their development pathways and impact on the integrated power plant design with regard to confinement, storage and fuel cycle management.\n4.1. To investigate alternative direct-drive ignition and high gain schemes including shock and fast ignition at intermediate and megajoule-scale laser facilities, in order to evaluate and validate their feasibility for IFE production;\n4.2. To evaluate the neutron, particle, debris fluxes and inventory from next generation targets and their characterization for the chamber and blanket environment, first wall and final optics studies;\n4.3. To evaluate target composition effects on neutron production and material modifications during the burning phase of the target, with newly developed in-line neutron diagnostics.\n5.1. To develop technologies and appropriate structural and optical materials for rep-rate diode-pumped solid-state and KrF laser operation at the IFE relevant level with a high wall-plug efficiency;\n5.2. To develop materials options and technologies for mass production, target injection and tracking systems for next generation targets with a low aspect ratio and increased robustness.\nThe efforts made by national and collaborative projects within this internationally coordinated framework will help advance nuclear fusion science and technology.\nThe overall objective of this CRP is to advance the fundamental fusion-material research and technologies, and enhance information exchange on Inertial Fusion Energy R&D, establishing an international network of working groups.\n- To advance the underlying science and develop novel materials for fusion energy.\n- To understand the key processes in the target chamber.\n- To assess tritium inventory and its handling.\n- To develop next generation targets and diagnostics\n- To develop driver and target fabrication technologies\nLietuvos energetikos institutas, Lithuania", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Question: we are measuring the decay of 60co from a table...\nWe are measuring the decay of 60Co. From a table (table 7.2, Krane) for energy calibration standards: 60Co, t1/2= 5.27y, it produces two γ radiations, of energy 1173.238 keV and 1332.513 keV, respectively. In this problem we consider that we are only measuring the 1173.238 keV radiation.\n(a) Calculate the energy of the Compton edge in a γ ray spectrum of this decay.\n(b) Draw the energy spectrum (schematics), showing the photopeak and the Compton edge.\n(c) Do we have also single and/or double escape peaks in this spectrum? If yes, then calculate and indicate in the graph.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Britain's top scientific organisation has backed a controversial proposal to build a second multibillion-pound nuclear fuel plant at Sellafield in Cumbria to deal with the UK's enormous stockpile of civil plutonium, but it has done so without addressing either the cost or the failures of an existing fuel plant, which had to be closed this year.\nA Royal Society report says another mixed oxide (Mox) fuel plant at Sellafield is the only way of dealing with the plutonium stockpile at the site, but it pointedly fails to discuss either the costs of the new plant or the reasons why the existing Sellafield Mox plant has been such a disaster.\nCritics say that the society's inquiry into the nuclear fuel cycle has been heavily influenced by the vested interests of the nuclear industry. One of the experts on the report's working group, Dr Christine Brown, was a key figure at Sellafield when British Nuclear Fuels Ltd (BNFL) was building its Mox plant.\nDr Brown joined Sellafield in 1995 to work on the new plant, designed to produce 120 tonnes of Mox fuel a year but only managed about a tenth of this in its entire lifetime – at a total cost to the UK taxpayer of £1.3bn.\nThe report, Fuel Cycle Stewardship in a Nuclear Renaissance, highlights a French Mox fuel plant at Marcoule that does perform efficiently, saying Britain could learn much from its design. But the report makes no mention of the problems at a US Mox plant being built at Savannah River in South Carolina, with French help, which is behind schedule and five times over budget.\nAsked by The Independent why his report fails to discuss the problems of the existing Mox plants at Sellafield and Savannah River, Professor Roger Cashmore, chairman of the Royal Society's working group, said the problems were not relevant to his inquiry. He said: \"That wasn't what we were interested in. We were interested in taking things forward. We didn't address the issue of whether Mox plants around the world were satisfactory or had cost overruns as we felt it was not within our remit.\"\nThe Sellafield Mox plant was designed to turn foreign-owned spent fuel into Mox fuel for export, mainly to Japan. However, soon after the plant was opened in 2002, its design flaws became obvious. The Fukushima disaster in March this year led to a suspension of Mox fuel shipments to Japan from Europe and eventually forced the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, which is now in charge of Sellafield, to close the Mox plant.\nAsked to explain why the Mox plant failed, Dr Brown said: \"My job was to make sure that the fuel performed well. However, trying to transfer that specific part of the manufacturing process and make a plant which was up to modern-day standards has proved to be quite difficult. I'm terribly disappointed, but the decision [to close the plant] is correct, in that we've given the SMP quite some time to meet the expectations of the original design.\n\"It is clear we were not going to do that in the near future,\" she said.\nDr Brown said that two new nuclear reactors licensed to burn Mox fuel could deal with Britain's plutonium stockpile within a period of 50 or 60 years.\nJoin our new commenting forum\nJoin thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Radioactive Fallout After Nuclear Explosions and Accidents (Radioactivity in the Environment)\nAcademician Professor Yuri A. Izrael is one of Russia's and indeed the world's top names in the environmental and nuclear sciences. As the most senior scientist involved in the monitoring, behavioural and assessment studies at and around the previously secret nuclear weapon tests of the former Soviet Union and at the Chernobyl and other nuclear accidents, Professor Izrael has a wealth of unique knowledge and experience of the science of these sites of special scientific interest. Indeed, he has himself pioneered much of that science. The scientific career of Yuri A. lzrael, Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), Professor and Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences as well as a number of other academies, has been devoted to nuclear and environmental sciences, meteorology and climatology. Born in 1930, he worked at first in the Geophysical Institute and then in the Institute of Applied Geophysics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he progressed from junior scientist to Institute Director (1969). He defended his PhD. (1963) and D.Se. (1969) theses (in the fields of physical and mathematical sciences). Since the beginning of his scientific career, Professor Izrael specialized particularly on the meteorological aspects of both radioactive contamination and chemical pollution of the natural environment. He became one of the first scientists to personally obtain and analyze extensive experimental data on the dispersal and behaviour of radioactive products after nuclear weapon tests (1954-1974), after accidents at nuclear power installations (1957-1967), after the Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986-1996), and on transport of chemical products during operations of different enterprises (1970-1996). This experience permitted Professor Izrael to encourage and play his own part in the development, and then improvement, of transport models for both conservative and chemically active admixtures in the atmosphere --This text refers to the Paperback edition.\n*An electronic version of a printed book that can be read on a computer or handheld device designed specifically for this purpose.\nFormats for this Ebook\n|Required Software||Any PDF Reader, Apple Preview|\n|Supported Devices||Windows PC/PocketPC, Mac OS, Linux OS, Apple iPhone/iPod Touch.|\n|# of Devices||Unlimited|\n|Flowing Text / Pages||Pages|\n|The message text*:|", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Material engineers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a tungsten-based alloy that can withstand unprecedented amounts of radiation without damage. This would make it an ideal choice for the interiors of magnetic fusion reactors. Materials previously explored for this purpose fracture too easily under similar conditions, but this new alloy seems to defeat that problem as well. Still, the team continues to investigate the material’s mechanical properties under different stress levels and responses to plasma exposure.\n“This material showed outstanding radiation resistance when compared to pure nanocrystalline tungsten materials and other conventional alloys,” says Osman El Atwani, the principal investigator.\n“But it seems we developed a material with unprecedented radiation resistance,” says Enrique Martinez Saez, another Los Alamos researcher. “We have never seen before a material that withstand the level of radiation damage we have observed for this high-entropy alloy. It seems to retain outstanding mechanical properties after irradiation, as opposed to traditional counterparts, in which the mechanical properties degrade easily under irradiation.” (High-entropy alloys contain four or more principal elements.)\nThe research team used atom-probe tomography to discover that, at the atomic level, the alloy contained layers of different elements which changed to nanoclusters when subjected to radiation. The scientist say this helped them understand why this alloy tolerates so much highly radiation.\nThe material, created as a thin film, is a quaternary nanocrystalline tungsten-tantalum-vanadium-chromium alloy that has been characterized under extreme thermal conditions and after irradiation.\nThe team hasn’t tested its corrosion resistance yet, but they anticipate it should perform well there also. Then, if it is shown to be ductile (as is also expected), it could be made into turbines because it is a refractory, high-melting-point material.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Alissa Tabirian NS&D Monitor 9/25/2015 The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) said this week that its repatriation of about 1 kilogram of highly enriched uranium (HEU) from a Jamaican research reactor to the Department of Energy’s (DOE)…\nNuclear Security & Deterrence Monitor\nArticle 2 of 11\nSeptember 25, 2015\nCaribbean is HEU-Free Following Uranium Transfer from Jamaica to U.S.\nSenior Manager, Defense Waste Management Programs Group (8880) - Sandia National Laboratories - Carlsbad, NM", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "In Mrs. M class, Friday we did the usual getting the homework stamped and looked over it. Following it we got off track talking about other things. In doing so we made it impossible to go over all of the neccessary information on the test. But we did go over half lives a bit more along with chain reactions and nucleor reactors. If you forgot, half-lives are the length of time it takes for a substance to decay over a period of time. Every set of years half of the substance dissapears until stable or gone. Chain reactions occur during Fission not fusion. Fission is the splitting of atoms and fusion is the combining of them. Fission occurs when a neutron hits a bigger nucleus causing large amounts of energy to be released in different elements and more nuetrons. More can be found on page 15 of the worksheets. Nuclear Reactors are divided into three parts. A.) Control rods absorb neutrons to slow down chain reactions B)Fuel Rods contain 3 percent of U-235 C.) Moderator slows down neutrons so they can be absorbed by the control rods. Again since we talked during class we ran out of time and did not cover Ionizing Radiation or Radon and we do not have to learn it for the test. Remember the test is MONDAY!", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Z. Naturforsch. 68a, 79 – 84\nMass Dependence of Iron Isotope Fractionation in Fe(II)–Fe(III) Electron Exchange Equilibration\n1 Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguroku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan\n2 Present address: ATOX Co., Ltd. Takada, Kashiwa. Chiba 177-0861, Japan\n3 Present address: Nano Convergance Practical Application Center, 891–5, Daecheon-Dong, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 704-801, Republic of Korea\nReceived September 9, 2012 / published online February 15, 2013\nA one hundred meter long ion-exchange chromatograph was used to establish rigorously the mass effects in the iron isotope fractionation in the Fe(II)–Fe(III) electron exchange equilibration. We used a highly porous, strongly basic anion exchange resin packed in glass columns. The abundance ratios of all natural iron isotopes, 54Fe, 56Fe, 57Fe, and 58Fe, in the effluent at the iron adsorption band boundary were measured with a mass spectrometer. The enrichment correlations among these isotopes were analyzed by three-isotope plots. The results clearly showed that the isotope fractionation of Fe(II)–Fe(III) is governed by the normal mass effect; the iron isotope fractionation is not proportional to the nuclear size, but proportional to the reduced mass difference of the pair of iron isotopes.\nKey words: Isotope Fractionation; Iron Isotopes; Isotope Effect; Anion Exchange Resin; Chromatography; Oxidation-Reduction Reaction.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Michael Abramson/The LIFE Images Collection via Getty Images/Getty Images\n- On March 28, 1979, almost a decade before the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, a nuclear reactor at Three Mile Island experienced a partial meltdown. The event is now considered the worst nuclear disaster in US history.\n- On that day, a combination of malfunctions and human error unleashed radioactive gases into the environment around the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania.\n- The Three Mile Island partial meltdown was not as damaging as the nuclear crises at Chernobyl or Fukushima: Nobody died because of the accident, but 2 million people were exposed to small amounts of radiation, and 140,000 people evacuated the area.\n- Now, the plant’s owner, Exelon Corporation, is closing Three Mile Island due to financial struggles.\n- Visit Business Insider’s homepage for more stories.\nEarly on March 28, 1979, a combination of electrical and mechanical malfunctions, as well as human error, unleashed dangerous radioactive gases into the environment around the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania. It wound up being the worst nuclear disaster in US history.\nLeif Skoogfors/Getty Images\nThe plant sits on Three Mile Island in Susquehanna River.\nWally McNamee/Corbis via Getty Images\nThe island sits just outside of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.\nGoogle Maps/Business Insider\n- Trump suggested using bombs to fight hurricanes. These 4 graphics show why that would never work.\n- Striking photos show the devastation wreaked by record-breaking fires in the Amazon rainforest\n- Everything we know about uBiome, the startup that convinced Silicon Valley that testing poop was worth $600 million, and then saw its top leaders depart amid an FBI investigation\nSEE ALSO: A photographer visited the abandoned towns around Chernobyl more than 20 times over the past 25 years, and the captivating photos show just how suddenly time stopped in its tracks after the disaster", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Modelling the behaviour of host rock for nuclear waste\nNuclear energy is nowadays a crucial issue and the storage of radioactive waste raises many questions. Over the past few decades, many countries have subsequently built underground laboratories allowing them to test hypotheses on a large scale. In Belgium, a decision was taken in 1974 to create the HADES laboratory in the layer of clay situated under the Nuclear Energy Study Centre in Mol, with the first excavation works taking place in the 1980s. The various studies carried out over the past three decades have led to the development of various concepts. This is especially the case regarding the behaviour of the rock that will host the waste. This is due in particular to the development of calculation tools which currently allow the user to model these behaviours fairly accurately, by taking into account the most complex situations, especially in the long term over several tens of thousands of years.\nIn the first recently-defended thesis(1), Benoît Pardoen focuses on the argillaceous rock that hosts the underground ANDRA laboratory at the site in Bure. He particularly studied the phenomena that occur when this clay is excavated, and during exploitation and maintenance phases. These galleries have to be ventilated, which dries out the rock and thus alters its state; as for the waste, it releases heat, another element to be taken into account during long-term simulation.\n(1) Hydro-mechanical analysis of the fracturing induced by the excavation of nuclear waste repository galleries using shear banding, Pardoen Benoît, University of Liège, 2015, doctoral thesis.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Pokharan-II refers to test explosions of fivenuclear devices, three on 11 May and two on 13 May 1998, conducted by India at thePokhran test range. These nuclear tests resulted in a variety of sanctions against India by a number of major states.\nOn 18 May 1974, India exploded its first nuclear device code named Operation Smiling Buddha. After about a quarter century, on 11 May 1998, Operation Shakti was carried out. Shakti was the codename of a thermonuclear device that was exploded in Pokhran as part of Pokhran-II.\nThe word Shakti (Hindi:शक्ति) means Strength in Sanskrit. The Operation Shaktiwas the codename of a thermonuclear device that was exploded in Pokhran Test Range in May 11.\nDevelopment and test teams\nThe main technical personnel involved in the operation were:\nProject Chief Coordinators\n- Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (later, President of India), Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and Head of the DRDO.\n- Dr. R. Chidambaram, Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission and the Department of Atomic energy.\nBhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)\n- Dr. Anil Kakodkar, Director of BARC.\n- Dr. Satinder Kumar Sikka, Director; Thermonuclear Weapon Development.\n- Dr. M.S. Ramkumar, Director of Nuclear Fuel and Automation Manufacturing Group; Director, Nuclear Component Manufacture.\n- Dr. D.D. Sood, Director of Radiochemistry and Isotope Group; Director, Nuclear Materials Acquisition.\n- Dr. S.K. Gupta, Solid State Physics and Spectroscopy Group; Director, Device Design & Assessment.\n- Dr. G. Govindraj, Associate Director of Electronic and Instrumentation Group; Director, Field Instrumentation.\nDefence Research & Development Organization (DRDO)\n- Dr. K. Santhanam; Director, Test Site Preparations.\n- Dr. M.Vasudev; Range Safety Officer.\nA total of five nuclear weapons were detonated during Operation Shakti. They were:\nA two stage thermonuclear device with a boosted fission primary, its yield was downgraded from 200 kt (theoretical) to 40 kt for test purposes.\nA pure fission device using the Plutonium implosion design with a yield of 15 kt. The device tested was an actual nuclear warhead that can be delivered by bombers or fighters and also mounted on a missile. The warhead was an improved, lightweight and miniaturized version of the device tested in 1974. Scientists at BARC had been working to improve the 1974 design for many years. Data from the 1974 test was used to carry out computer simulations using the indigenousPARAM supercomputer to improve the design. The 1998 test was intended to prove the validity of the improved designs.\nAn experimental boosted fission device that used reactor grade Plutonium for its primary with a yield of 0.3 kt. This test device was used to test only the primary stage. It did not contain any tritium required to boost the fission. This test was designed to study the possibility of using reactor grade plutonium in warheads and also to prove India’s expertise in controlling and damping a nuclear explosion in order to achieve a low (sub-kiloton) yield.\nA 0.5 kt experimental device. The test’s only purpose was to collect data about the explosion process and to study the performance of various bomb components.\nA 0.2 kt experimental device that used U-233, an isotope of uranium that is not found in nature but is produced in India’s fast breeder reactors that consume Thorium. This device too was used to collect data.\nReactions to the tests\nThe reactions from abroad started immediately after the tests were advertised. The United Nations issued a statement expressing its disappointment. On June 6, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 1172 condemning the test and that of Pakistan’s. The United States issued a strong statement condemning India and promised that sanctions would follow. The American establishment was embarrassed as there had been a serious intelligence failure in detecting the preparations for the test. Canada, which had earlier supplied the CIRUS nuclear reactor to India which was the source of plutonium for the 1974 tests, reassured the world that the CIRUS reactor was not in any way connected to the 1998 tests. China issued a vociferous condemnation calling upon the international community to exert pressure on India to sign the NPT and eliminate its nuclear arsenal. With India joining the group of countries possessing nuclear weapons, a new strategic dimension had emerged in Asia, particularly South Asia.\nSupport for India\nHowever, other nuclear powers, such as Israel, France and Russia, refrained from condemning India.\nIsrael issued a statement ‘praising’ India’s tests and declaring that India’s reasons for carrying out nuclear tests were the same as Israel’s.\nThe most vehement reaction to India’s nuclear test was Pakistan’s. Great ire was raised in Pakistan, which issued a severe statement blaming India for instigating a nuclear arms race in the region. Pakistan Prime Minister Navaz Sharif vowed that his country would give a suitable reply to the Indians. The day after the first tests, Pakistan Minister of Foreign Affairs Captain (retired) Gohar Ayub Khan indicated that Pakistan was ready to conduct a nuclear test of its own. As he said: “[Pakistan] is prepared to match India, we have the capability … We in Pakistan will maintain a balance with India in all fields”, he said in an interview. “We are in a headlong arms race on the subcontinent.”\nPrime Minister Navaz Sharif was much more subdued, refusing to say whether a test would be conducted in response: “We are watching the situation and we will take appropriate action with regard to our security“, he said. Sharif sought to mobilize the entire Islamic world in support of Pakistan and criticized India for nuclear proliferation.\nGiven authorization by Prime minister Navaz Sharif, the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) carried out nuclear testing under the codename Chagai-I on May 28, 1998 and Chagai-II on May 30, 1998. These six underground nuclear tests at the Chagai and Kharan test site were conducted just fifteen days after India’s last test. The total yield of the tests were reported to be 40 kt (see codename: Chagai-I).\nPakistan’s subsequent tests invited similar condemnations from multiple nations ranging from Argentina to Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States. American president Bill Clinton was quoted as saying “Two wrongs don’t make a right”, criticizing Pakistan’s tests as reactionary to India’s Pokhran-II. The United States, Japan, and a number of other states reacted by imposing economic sanctions on Pakistan.\nPakistan’s leading nuclear physicist and one of the top scientists, Dr. Pervez Hoodbhoy, held India responsible for Pakistan’s nuclear test experiments in Chagai.\nMay 11 has been officially declared as National Technology Day in India to commemorate the first of the five tests that were carried out on May 11, 1998. The day was officially signed by the then Prime Minister of India. The day is celebrated by giving awards to various individuals and industries in the field of science and industry.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Progress in Building Bangladesh's Nuclear Infrastructure\n2013-10-11│ A recent IAEA mission to Bangladesh on the country's new nuclear power programme came away with the view that Bangladesh has responded well to the IAEA recommendations made during an Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) mission in February 2012.\nThe IAEA team met with senior officials and experts from the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC) and the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority (BAERA) in Dhaka to review and update the IAEA/Bangladesh Integrated Work Plan for nuclear power infrastructure development.\nAn Integrated Work Plan provides the framework for defining all IAEA assistance to national nuclear power development activities, tailored to national needs and reflecting national plans as well as recommendations from IAEA missions.\nProgress made since the 2012 INIR mission included, for example, that Bangladesh promulgated nuclear law and established an independent regulatory body. In addition, a construction project management organization for the first nuclear power plant was established and started its work.\nThe IAEA team also attended a ceremony at Rooppur, chosen as site of Bangladesh's first nuclear power plant, to mark the beginning of the project. Construction is scheduled to start in 2016. The plant will generate 2000 megawatt electricity when completed in 2021. Rosatom, the State Atomic Energy Corporation of the Russian Federation, will build, operate and provide fuel for the plant.\nInaugurating the project, Prime Minister Seikh Hasina stated that her government has given top priority to cover all issues in developing an appropriate nuclear infrastructure based on IAEA standards and guidance, and international good practices.\nIn a message, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano extended his congratulations to the Government and people of Bangladesh. \"Bangladesh has been working hard for several decades to prepare for the introduction of nuclear power. The IAEA has been a partner at every stage of the journey,\" the message said, which was delivered by Oscar Acuna of the IAEA Department of Technical Cooperation.\nThere is still considerable work to be done before the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant is completed and connected to the grid. The IAEA is ready to assist in the development of the nuclear power infrastructure to ensure a safe, secure, responsible and sustainable project.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Proceedings PaperLine Source X-Ray Microscopy\n|Format||Member Price||Non-Member Price|\nThe theoretical aspects of using line radiation sources for soft x-ray microscopy are discussed. High resolution, absolutely calibrated spectra of a gas-puff z-pinch source are presented. A qualitative discussion of radiation damage mechanisms and the time scales involved indicate that any picture taken in less than a millisecond may be less damaged by the radiation. Results of a first attempt to use a 100J, nanosecond laser to produce a carbon plasma as a source for very short time-scale microscopy are presented.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "What is meant by Radioactive Decay?\nThe spontaneous breakdown of the nucleus, which leads to the release of energy and matter from the atomic nucleus, is defined as radioactive decay in physics. It should be highlighted that radioisotopes lack sufficient binding energy to keep the nucleus in the atom, and it signifies that the radioisotopes' nuclei are unstable.\nThe atomic nucleus becomes unstable during radioactive decay, resulting in an imbalance in proton and neutron numbers.\nRadioactive Decay Formula\nThis equation can be used to calculate the number of unstable nuclei that remain after time t. N(t) = N(0) * 0.5(t/T)\n- After time t has passed, N(t) is the quantity of a substance that remains\n- This substance's initial quantity is N(0)\n- The half-life is denoted by the letter T\nA few more parameters can also be used to figure out how much of a chemical is left i.e. N(t) = N(0) * e(-t/τ) or N(t) = N(0) * e(-λt)\n- Where τ is the mean lifetime or the amount of time a nucleus stays intact on average.\n- λ is the rate of deterioration (rate of decay)\nThe following is a relationship between the three criteria that characterise a substance's radioactivity T = ln(2)/λ = ln(2)*τ\nWhen a quantity diminishes at a pace proportional to the current quantity, it is called exponential decay. To put it mathematically we write dNdt=−λN\nTo solve the differential equation for N as a function of time, use the following formula N(t)=N(0)e−λt\nN(t) is the quantity at time t, where N0 is the initial quantity and N(t) is the quantity at time t. The half-life is related to the rate of decay: t1/2=ln(2)/λ. The amount of material is given by n=N/NA, where NA is Avogadro's constant = 6.022 x 1023, and the activity is supplied by A=λN\nFAQ’s on Radio Active Decay Calculator\n1. What is the formula for calculating half-life?\nTo locate half-life, follow these steps: Divide ln 2 by the substance's decay constant.\n2. Does the rate of deterioration change?\nYes, a radioactive material's decay half-life can be altered. When an unstable atomic nucleus spontaneously transitions to a lower-energy state and emits radiation, this is known as radioactive decay. This process transforms one atom into a different element or isotope.\n3. How can you figure out how long it takes for something to decay?\nWhen the amount of reduction is directly proportional to the amount that exists, this is known as exponential decay. Subtract the final count from the starting count. For example, if you started with 100 germs and ended up with 80 bacteria two hours later, divide 80 by 100 to get 0.8.\n4. Is the temperature a factor in the decay constant?\nThe decay constant is solely determined by the radioactive nuclide and decay mechanism in question. It is independent of the quantity of nuclei present or any other environmental factors (such as temperature).", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Radiation leak at US nuclear power plant\nNuclear safety officials have moved to quell worries about a leak of radioactivity from Three Mile Island nuclear plant, saying that there is no threat to public health or safety.\nThe incident happened on Saturday, when the Pennsylvania plant — the same one that went to the brink of meltdown in 1979 — had what officials called an “unplanned exposure” and sent home 150 workers, media reports said.\nJohn White, a spokesperson for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), said federal experts sent to the plant found “nothing that indicates safety was ever in jeopardy”.\nDiane Screnci, another NRC spokesperson, told CNN that there had been a leak within the reactor building that created minor contamination which was “well below regulatory limits”. She said the incident began when containment radiation alarms sounded.\nFederal experts have been sent for investigation. The country’s worst civilian nuclear accident to date occurred at Three Mile Island on March 28, 1979, when the cooling system malfunctioned in one of the towers, causing a partial meltdown of Unit 2.\nFor days, many in the central Pennsylvania region around Harrisburg, near where the plant is located, slept with bags packed and boots on in case of disaster and forced evacuation.\nThe accident, which released radiation and krypton gas, put a decades-long moratorium in many countries on building new nuclear plants that was reinforced with the ensuing 1986 Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Exposure to radioactive iodine increases the risk of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents, a study of thyroid cancer prevalence after the Chornobyl accident shows.\nThe study is published in the July 5 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.\nIn 1986, an accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant exposed large numbers of people in Belarus, Ukraine, and the Russian Federation to radioactive material high in isotopes of iodine and cesium. Numerous studies have shown that exposure to certain types of radiation increases the incidence of thyroid cancer in children and teens. However, few studies have examined the effects of exposure to radioactive iodines, and only three studies have examined cancer risk from the Chornobyl-related exposures.\nGeoffrey R. Howe, Ph.D., of Columbia University in New York, and colleagues screened 13,127 people for thyroid cancer who at the time of the Chornobyl accident were under 18 and lived in highly contaminated areas of Ukraine. The researchers estimated each participant's individual radiation dose using thyroid radioactivity measurements made shortly after the accident and interview data obtained during screening.\nThe researchers found 45 cases of thyroid cancer in the screened group in comparison with the 11.2 cases expected without the accident. Subjects had a tendency toward lower risk of thyroid cancer with increasing age at the time of the exposure. The authors suggest that exposure to radioactive fallout from the Chornobyl accident increased thyroid cancer in those exposed as children and adolescents.\nThe authors write, \"We estimate that 75% of the thyroid cancer cases would have been avoided in the absence of radiation. With appropriate adjustment for dose, this estimate demonstrates a substantial contribution of radioactive iodines to the excess of thyroid cancer that followed the Chornobyl accident.\"", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Nuclear astrophysics and Fusion\nThe nuclear reactions that occur in the stars during the various steps of their lives allows to explain both the energy they generate and the chemical abundance and isotopes. A precise measurement of these phenomena is an experimental challenge that can be met by operating a particle accelerator in a deep underground laboratory. The low radiation background of ANDES will allow such direct measurement experiment. The knowledge acquired will furthermore play a special role in the development of the next generation of nuclear reactors: the fusion reactors. These are based on the fusion of light elements in a way similar to what happens in stars, and could be a clean source of energy in the future.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Advances on Capturing Francium in a Magneto-Optical Trap\nThe strong confinement of atoms in six-dimensional phase space in magneto-optic traps makes them a promising tool for work with radioactives. The absence of Doppler broadening and laser-atom interaction more than one thousand times longer compared to atomic beams provide a very good environment for precision measurements. The long term project is to measure parity non-conservation effects in francium. Francium is attractive because the effects are larger than in the other alkalis and francium is trappable. However it does not have stable isotopes. With the Stony Brook linear accelerator we can produce a variety of neutron deficient isotopes. The neutron rich isotopes can come as daughters of radioactive decay in thorium. Since the production rate of radioactive atoms is not high, any experiment with them requires efficient use of the available sample. We have developed an on-line system to capture radioactive atoms from an accelerator.\nKeywordsAtomic Beam Strong Confinement Trap Laser Neutron Rich Isotope Accelerator Beam\n- Z-T. Lu, C. Bowers, S. J. Freedman, B. K. Fujikawa, J. L. Mortara, S-Q. Shang, K. P. Coulter, L. Young, Laser trapping of short-lived radioactive isotopes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72: 3791 (1994).Google Scholar\n- J. A. Behr, S. B. Cahn, S. B. Dutta, A. Ghosh, G. Gwinner, C. H. Holbrow, L. A. Orozco, G. D. Sprouse, J. Urayama, F. Xu, A low-energy ion beam from alkali heavy-ion reaction products, Nzucl. Insir. and Meth. in Phys. Res. A 351: 256 (1994).Google Scholar", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "“The trust fund contained about $683 million at the end of 2015.\nCORTLANDT, NY — Entergy has submitted a license amendment request to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission seeking the transfer of the decommissioning trust funds for the Indian Point 3 and James A. FitzPatrick nuclear power plants to its control from the New York Power Authority.\nEven though the plants were sold to Entergy in 2000, the Power Authority maintained ownership of the respective decommissioning trust funds for the facilities under an agreement, said NRC spokesman Neil Sheehan.\nNRC approval is needed for the change. Entergy is seeking approval by Dec. 31.\nAs of Dec. 31, 2015, the Indian Point 3 decommissioning trust fund contained about $683 million, which was above the NRC-required minimum (as of that point) of about $521 million, Sheehan said.\nWith respect to the FitzPatrick plant, Exelon has reached a tentative deal with Entergy to acquire the upstate New York facility. If that purchase goes through, Exelon would presumably take control of the FitzPatrick decommissioning trust fund.\nAs is the case now, the decommissioning funds will be held by the Bank of New York Mellon and cannot be accessed without NRC approval, Sheehan said.”\nTo view the complete article, click the link below:", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "It was her inner environmentalist that lured Asst. Professor Rachel Slaybaugh to Nuclear Engineering. “I have always been an environmentalist,” she explained. “When I was a freshman at Penn State I heard about this existing, large-scale, base load electricity source that didn’t emit air pollution, and I thought -- well, that sounds like a great way to get rid of coal plants -- I’m going to do that.” What Slaybaugh had heard about was nuclear power, which led to her B.S. in Nuclear Engineering from Penn State, then a Master’s and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin at Madison.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Volume 40, May 2005ECORAD 2004\n|Page(s)||S107 - S111|\n|Published online||17 June 2005|\nBioavailability in the BORIS assessment model\nSwedish Radiation Protection Authority (SSI), 171 16 Stockholm, Sweden\n2 Facilia AB, Gustavslundsvägen 151A, 167 51 Bromma, Sweden\n3 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), DEI/SECRE, Bâtiment 159, C.E. Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France\nThe fifth framework EU project BORIS (Bioavailability Of Radionuclides In Soils: role of biological components and resulting improvement of prediction models) had three scientific objectives. The first was to improve understanding of the mechanisms governing the transfer of radionuclides to plants. The second was to improve existing predictive models of radionuclide interaction with soils by incorporating the knowledge acquired from the experimental results. The last and third objective was to extract from the experimental results scientific basis for the development of bioremediation methods of radionuclide contaminated soils and to apprehend the role of additional non-radioactive pollutants on radionuclide bioavailability. This paper is focused on the second objective. The purpose of the BORIS assessment model is to describe the behaviour of radionuclides in the soil-plant system with the aim of making predictions of the time dynamics of the bioavailability of radionuclides in soil and the radionuclides concentrations in plants. To be useful, the assessment model should be simple and use only a few parameters, which are commonly available or possible to measure for different sites. The model shall take into account, as much as possible, the results of the experimental studies and the mechanistic models developed in the BORIS project. The adopted approach was to introduce in the assessment model a quantitative relationship between bioavailability of the radionuclides in soil and the soil properties. To do this an operational definition of bioavailability was proposed. Here, operational means experimentally measurable, directly or indirectly, and that the bioavailability can be translated into a mathematical expression. This paper describes the reasoning behind the chosen definition of bioavailability and how it was used in the assessment model.\n© EDP Sciences, 2005\nCurrent usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.\nData correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.\nInitial download of the metrics may take a while.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "60.0 MB (1.2 MB compressed)\n4579 x 4579 pixels\n38.9 x 38.9 cm ⏐ 15.3 x 15.3 in (300dpi)\nSCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY\nActinium (Ac). Diagram of the nuclear composition and electron configuration of an atom of actinium-227 (atomic number: 89), the most stable isotope of this element. The nucleus consists of 89 protons (red) and 138 neutrons (blue). 89 electrons (green) bind to the nucleus, successively occupying available electron shells (rings). Actinium is an actinide in period 7, and the f-block of the periodic table. Actinides are soft radioactive metals. Actinium-227, isolated by Debierne from uranium ores in 1899, has a half-life of nearly 22 years. Its unstable nucleus decays by emitting a beta or alpha particle to form thorium-227 or francium-223.\nModel release not required. Property release not required.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "UK takes major STEP towards near limitless low-carbon energy\nThe UK Government has announced the creation of a new delivery body for the UK’s fusion programme, named UK Industrial Fusion Solutions Ltd.Read story\nRegister for newsletters and email alerts about the UK Atomic Energy Authority’s news and projects.\nFusion : the ultimate energy source\nCulham Centre for Fusion Energy is turning the process that powers the Sun into carbon-free, safe and abundant electricity for a cleaner planet.Fusion in brief\nA big STEP to commercial electricity\nCCFE is leading the race to fusion power plants with the Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production project.\nEntering the delivery era\nOur world-leading science and engineering aims to put fusion energy on the grid.\nDeveloping compact reactors and exploring plasma exhaust – one of fusion’s biggest challenges.\nFusion Industry Programme\nThe Fusion Industry Programme (FIP) is stimulating growth of the UK fusion ecosystem and preparing it for future global fusion power plant market.\nWhy we need fusion\nMore than 80% of the world’s energy comes from fossil fuels. Climate change and diminishing fuel reserves mean the race is on to find alternative, sustainable technologies to supply a growing global population. With no greenhouse gas emissions, inherent safety features and virtually limitless fuels, fusion could have a key role to play in the energy market of the future.\nWho we are\nCulham Centre for Fusion Energy is the UK’s national fusion research laboratory. From theoretical physics to operating two major experiments and carrying out advanced reactor engineering, we lead the world in putting this transformative energy technology on the grid.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Research Analyst Samuel Hickey spoke to Fox News about the current state of Iran’s nuclear weapons program.\n“Iran’s stockpile of low-enriched uranium is now twelve times more than what is allowed under the nuclear deal, but fortunately, the U.N.’s atomic inspectors continue to have access to Iran’s nuclear facilities,” said Samuel Hickey, a research analyst at the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, who noted that the decision ultimately rests on the top brass. “The reason we know exactly what is going on is because those inspectors are on the ground and in the room.”\nSo if Iran does boot out the U.N.’s atomic inspectors, he continued, the nuclear deal will effectively be dead.\n“However, that is a decision that falls to the Supreme Leader, not the parliamentarians,” Hickey added. Read more", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "POLITICS-On October 17, 2014, a document was uploaded to the website of the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC). It went out to people on their distribution list for the Santa Susana Field Laboratory. The notice said:\n“DTSC- SSFL Document Upload Notification: FAQ – Was there a meltdown at SSFL? Location: Public Involvement / Fact Sheets.” That Fact Sheet was released on a Friday, but on the following Monday, the link to the document no longer worked. Why was this document taken down?\nWas there a meltdown at the SSFL?\nWhy is the discussion of an incident at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory in 1959 – a remote site at the time – so important today? The answer is that non-profits have been calling this incident a “meltdown” or “partial meltdown” for more than three decades. Some people on social media reference this incident as: “America’s Worst Nuclear Meltdown.” As a result, local residents are lead to believe that they, their children’s, or their friend’s cancers are the result of this event in 1959 or other radioactive accidents and spills at this site.\nIn December 2013, DTSC held a “Scoping Meeting” for their Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Report on the Santa Susana Field Laboratory.\nThe following day, DTSC staff made a presentation on the Santa Susana Field Laboratory to the Woodland Hills Warner Center Neighborhood Council (WHWCNC).\nAt that meeting of the WHWCNC, a Board member asked the DTSC staff if there was a “meltdown” at the SSFL site. The DTSC staff who were present were not able to give an educated response at that time.\nThe following April 2014, DTSC held an Open House. WHWCNC President Scott Silverstein cancelled their Board’s regularly scheduled Board meeting, and he invited his Board and the community to attend the DTSC Open House. This is the presentation given by DTSC at their April 2014 Open House in Simi Valley: “Santa Susana Field Laboratory Questions Regarding Potential Off-site Issues April 9, 2014.”\nThat night, WHWCNC President Silverstein asked DTSC management if there was a “meltdown” at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory. The response to the room from DTSC Management was that the DTSC AREA IV project manager was unable to be present, and the DTSC Manager speaking at this event was again not able to give an educated response to that technical question.\nThat year, the Woodland Hills Warner Center Neighborhood Council and the Canoga Park Neighborhood Council held a Town Hall on the Santa Susana Field Laboratory in October 2014. DTSC staff, Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board (LARWQCB) staff, Boeing, NASA, and the DOE employees all made presentations to an auditorium with about 300 people in attendance at Canoga Park High School. The presentations for that event can be found in the DTSC document library under Public Involvement and Presentations here.\nWhen the DTSC FACT SHEET on the Sodium Reactor Experiment was released on October 17, 2014, I thought DTSC staff would have this document as a handout for the public at that Town Hall. Why wasn’t this information made available to the community at this public forum when DTSC knew that the residents wanted an answer to this question?\nSo what does the DTSC FACT SHEET say? Was there a meltdown at the SSFL in 1959? (See the link above)\n“DTSC does not believe the term provides a useful description of the events that occurred at SSFL in the summer of 1959. A meltdown is commonly understood to mean a catastrophic failure at a nuclear reactor. The term implies loss of cooling to the reactor core, uncontrolled fission and subsequent melting of a large portion of the nuclear fuel with potential containment failure and large-scale release of radioactive materials to the environment. Meltdown (or partial meltdown) is not typically used to communicate technical or regulatory information. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission uses the term core melt accident to describe “an event or sequence of events that result in the melting of part of the fuel in the reactor core.”\n“The Department of Energy (DOE) describes the incident that occurred at the SSFL’s Sodium Reactor Experiment (SRE) during a two-week period in July 1959 as a core damage incident. At that time the SRE, a small federally funded research reactor located in the Simi Hills about 30 miles northwest of downtown Los Angeles, suffered significant fuel damage as a result of overheating in the reactor’s core.”\n“Through the years, numerous studies of this event have been conducted. Most can be found online here.” (The link on the original fact sheet has not been updated – the DOE website has had changes since 2014.) “These reflect substantial agreement that relatively non-reactive and short-lived radioactive fission products, the noble gases xenon and krypton, did migrate to the helium gas used to blanket the pool of circulating liquid sodium within the reactor core. Following the incident, between July 20th and September 28th 1959, the helium cover gas, which had been contaminated during the accident, was transferred to shielded holding tanks and periodically vented into the atmosphere when levels of radioactivity were deemed safe according to the regulatory standards of the time.”\n“Soon after the 1959 incident, the SRE was repaired and new fuel installed. The SRE continued to operate as a research reactor until 1965. Between 1967 and 1978, all nuclear fuel used during SRE operations was removed for reprocessing at DOE’s Savannah River facility. The reactor vessel and all other contaminated structures and equipment were dismantled and removed for disposal as low-level radioactive waste at a DOE facility in Beatty, Nevada. By 1985 all remaining SRE structures had been decommissioned, decontaminated and released for unrestricted use by DOE. In 1999, the last remaining SRE buildings were demolished.”\nIn August 2009, the Department of Energy hosted an SRE Workshop. Links to videos from that six-hour meeting can be found here.\nIn his SRE written summary related to the Sodium Reactor Experiment, Dr. Thomas Cochran of the NRDC states:\n“I have been asked to review selected documents related to the partial fuel meltdown.”\n“Comparative risks: In assessing the risks and harm from the July 1959 accident, it is worth noting that this reactor is small relative to the power of today’s operational nuclear power reactors. The Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2), which experienced a partial core meltdown accident beginning March 28, 1979, was rated as 2,568 MWt. Its power was 128 times larger than that of the SRE. The TMI-2 reactor was within a sealed secondary containment structure. The SRE reactor had no such sealed secondary containment.”\nTo the best of my memory at this SRE Workshop almost a decade ago, Dr. Cochran stated at this event that, in his opinion, the SRE did not cause any harm to the community in 1959, and it did not pose any harm to the community today.\nAt that SRE Workshop, in the presentation by Dr. Paul Pickard of Sandia Labs, Dr. Pickard explained that any of the radionuclides that were released during the overheating of this reactor would have bound with the sodium coolant to form a salt, or with the uranium fuel which is highly reactive. Dr. Pickard, and the other experts – Dr. Cochran and Dr. Richard Denning of Ohio State University, concluded by the fuel inventory that only about 2 % of the fuel at the SRE would have melted.\nIn conclusion, why isn’t the lead agency, DTSC releasing their fact sheet or an updated one, so that local residents can be made aware that there was no meltdown at the SRE, and that this accident does not pose a risk to local residents today?\nPlease ask your elected officials to ask for this fact sheet or a similar document to be released so that people do not live in fear that radiation from this 1959 event can cause harm to the communities in Los Angeles and Ventura Counties.\n(Chris Rowe has been a 41-year resident of West Hills, was a former West Hills Neighborhood Council Board Member, and has a B.S. in health education. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org. Photo a gift from the Jim Owens Family. The Sodium Reactor Experiment Complex in the foreground. Circa late-19502 to 1060s.) Prepped for CityWatch by Linda Abrams.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Results 1 - 10 of 42\nResults 1 - 10 of 42. Search took: 0.019 seconds\n|Sort by: date | relevance|\n[en] The irradiated FM(Fission-Molly) target is unloaded from the irradiation hole during normal operation, and then cooled down in the reactor pool for a certain period of time. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the minimum decay time needed to cool down FM target sufficiently by natural convection. In the present work, numerical simulations are performed to predict cooling capability of a FM target cooled by natural convection using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, CFX. The present study is carried out using CFD code to investigate cooling capability of a FM target cooled by natural convection. The steady state simulation as well as transient simulation is performed in the present work. Based on the transient simulation (T1), the minimum decay time that the maximum fuel temperature does not reach the design limit temperature (TONB-3 .deg. C) is around 15.60 seconds\n[en] The Emergency Operating Guidelines (EOG) should be presented to provide technical information to prepare reactor-specific Emergency Operating Procedures (EOP) which cover operation during emergency events. Applicants for operating license and licensees of reactors under construction are required to: - Perform analyses of transients and accidents including multiple failures - Prepare emergency operating guidelines - Upgrade emergency procedures, including procedures for operating with natural circulation conditions - Conduct operator retraining The Procedure Generation Package (PGP) should be submitted to the regulatory body in Korea for the reactor licensing at the same time with Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR), where PGP includes: - Reactor-Specific Technical Guidelines (RSTGs), - EOP Training Program - EOP Implementation Program The information should comply with those requirements associated with the development of EOG according to the Korean atomic law. All assumptions made in the EOP, which relate to safety analysis, must be verified to be true and appropriate for each user by each user. Furthermore, a set of EOP are required as one of operating procedures that shall be developed for all safety related operations that may be conducted over the lifetime of the facility in research reactors by international standards, Safety of Research Reactors (IAEA NS-R-4) : 7.51 (g) the reactor operator's response to anticipated operational occurrences and DBAs and, to the extent feasible, to BDBAs. In Korea, the regulation on codes and standards for nuclear facilities such as research reactors recommends the nuclear facilities operating organization to prepare EOP. Hence a set of EOG is proposed for helping to develop the EOP in a simplified manner for a research reactor. In this paper, it is described about a development and a revision of a set of EOG for a research reactor\n[en] The final phase of commissioning is reactor performance test, which is to prove the integrated performance and safety of the research reactor at full power with fuel loaded such as neutron power calibration, Control Absorber Rod/Second Shutdown Rod drop time, InC function test, Criticality, Rod worth, Core heat removal with natural mechanism, and so forth. The last test will be safety-related one to assure the result of the safety analysis of the research reactor is marginal enough to be sure about the nuclear safety by showing the reactor satisfies the acceptance criteria of the safety functions such as for reactivity control, maintenance of auxiliaries, reactor pool water inventory control, core heat removal, and confinement isolation. After all, the fuel integrity will be ensured by verifying there is no meaningful change in the radiation levels. To confirm the performance of safety equipment, loss of normal electric power (LOEP), possibly categorized as Anticipated Operational Occurrence (AOO), is selected as a key experiment to figure out how safe the research reactor is before turning over the research reactor to the owner. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the reactor performance test (LOEP) for a research reactor. The results showed how different the transient between conservative estimate and best estimate will look. Preliminary analyses have shown all probable thermal-hydraulic transient behavior of importance as to opening of flap valve, minimum critical heat flux ratio, the change of flow direction, and important values of thermal-hydraulic parameters\n[en] Light water is the coolant that is stored in the reactor pool. For both waters, the cooling system for each is absolutely isolated and run independently. The classification is also different: safety system for cooling light water as coolant and non- nuclear safety for cooling heavy water as reflector. There will be, therefore, only negligible effect on the safety from any failures related to the cooling system for heavy water outside the reactor pool. Failures such as pipe ruptures in the heavy water system inside the reactor pool introduce, however, a different issue concerned with power control. Here the issues are presented and it will be shown that the safety of the research reactor is to be assured. A postulated initiating event related to the power control introduced by downgrading of the heavy water, i.e., a reflector was analyzed by simulating the reactor transient with the RELAP code. The result showed that the fuel integrity is assured using the reactor protection system with acceptable margin\n[en] During startup operation, control absorber rods are not located in the equal critical position since they can be manually controlled by an operator without position limitation. Therefore, the power peaking factor in this control mode becomes larger due to the skewed power shape, making the accident consequence worse. In research reactor, the reactor protection system (RPS) has linear power trip and power lograte trip for a safe shutdown of reactor in the accident, and the occurrence of those trips depend both on the initial reactor power and the reactivity insertion rate. Therefore, with a series of sensitive analyses, we identified the most severe combination of initial conditions among the various initial reactor powers and reactivity insertion rates. The model reactor in this analysis is a 5MW pooltype research reactor having two different operation modes; a power operation and a training operation.. Since the accident occurs during startup of the reactor, the training mode without a forced convection results in more severe consequences in a view of fuel integrity. Therefore, the inadvertent withdrawal of a control rod during a startup of training operation is analyzed as a limiting case of the accident. Sensitivity tests with combinations of different initial reactor powers and reactivity insertion rates are performed for an inadvertent CAR withdrawal during startup of the training operation\n[en] The procedures may also be used as an aid for assessing and documenting the results of tests. The commissioning procedures should include information that specifies several items. Those are mainly (1) all the activities and performance parameters that are to be measured under specified steady state and transient conditions, (2) the requirements on performance, together with clearly stated acceptance criteria. The final phase of stage C commissioning is reactor performance test, which is to prove the integrated performance (neutron power calibration, Control Absorber Rod drop time, I and C functioning, Rod worth, Core heat removal with natural mechanism) and the safety of the research reactor at full power with fuel loaded. Commissioning procedure was developed to show the safety of the research reactor. Both indirect and direct indicators were selected to show that the safety is ensured: 1) indirect parameters which imply success of safety functions: power, flow, opening valves, system response as-designed; 2) direct parameters which shows no failure of safety functions: no meaningful increase in level of neutron in the cooling system. Preliminary analyses have shown all probable thermal-hydraulic transient behavior of importance as to opening of flap valve, minimum critical heat flux ratio, the change of flow direction, and important values of thermal-hydraulic parameters. A preliminary comparison to conservative estimation has shown that the nuclear reactor safety of the research reactor will be assured by verifying that the reactor power and the PCS flow rate are conservative\n[en] The fuel test loop of HANARO has been modeled with MARS code to predict the Peak Cladding Temperature (PCT) which is one of the design criteria for the design basis accidents. The PCTs have been calculated in the various operation parameters such as mass flow rate, coolant temperature, system pressure, the thermal power of test fuel, and the valves of safety function. In case of the room 1 LOCA the PCT increases with the increase of the thermal power, the coolant temperature, and the stroke time of the cold leg loop isolation valves as compared with that calculated in the design operation condition. However the effect of the stroke times of the safety injection valves and the depressurization valves on the PCT is negligible\n[en] In research reactor, there is a reactor protection system (RPS) to keep the reactor in safe condition. In relation to the RIAs, the RPS has power trip and power lograte trip variables. The results of RIAs are affected by not only the initial reactor power but also the reactivity insertion rate. Therefore, we selected the parameters of the initial reactor power and the reactivity insertion rate for the sensitivity investigation in this study. Especially, a research reactor with a normal power of 5MW was considered. This sensitivity study was carried out by using RELAP5/MOD3.3. The CHFRs and fuel temperatures were investigated in the various initial reactor powers and reactivity insertions by using RELAP5/MOD3.3. In case of the step insertion of 1.5mk reactivity, the larger the initial reactor power is, the smaller the CHFR is. And in case of the constant reactivity insertion rates, there is a different trend with the initial reactor power. In case of the initial power of 100%FP, the minimum CHFR appears at the maximum reactivity insertion rate. On the other hand, in case of the initial power of 1.5%FP, the minimum CHFR is predicted at the minimum reactivity insertion rate\n[en] The thermal hydraulic analysis of a research reactor building becomes much more important during longterm cooling stage in loss of normal electric power if the building is designed as containment to fulfill the enhanced regulation requirements of radiological consequence. Since the existing containment analysis computer codes are oriented to the condition and validated for nuclear power plants, it is necessary that a computer code adequate for the research reactors is developed. The purpose of this paper is to identify the thermal hydraulic phenomena during the long-term cooling of a research reactor and to select the appropriate analysis models and to use it as the basic data for the development of a computer code for reactor building and pool cooling analysis. This paper consists of three steps, and a description of each step is as follows: - PIRT for identification of thermal-hydrodynamic phenomena during long-term cooling of research reactors - Literature review and selection of analysis models for the thermal hydraulic phenomena determined by PIRT - Development of the code structure and algorithm of a computer code for cooling analysis of reactor buildings and pool.\n[en] Highlights: • BEPU analysis were performed with a scenario of PCS pumps fail simultaneously. • The results from BEPU and conservative analysis were compared. • The comparing result shows the applicability and advantages of a BEPU safety analysis. - Abstract: Best estimate plus uncertainty (BEPU) is a promising approach to the safety analysis of nuclear reactors, and the uncertainty calculation is a very important concern about it. BEPU ensures realistic safety margins and secures higher reactor effectiveness by adopting best-estimate codes and realistic input data with uncertainties, whereas the previous conservative analysis generates excessive conservatism by considering each input parameter separately. A loss of flow accident (LOFA) of a 5 MW open-pool type research reactor was selected as a sample problem for a BEPU uncertainty assessment. We selected the failures of all primary cooling system (PCS) pumps, which would cause the abrupt reduction of flow and the reversal of core flow. The significant contributors to the reactor safety were identified and then input sets were sampled. For the uncertainty evaluation, 124 calculations were performed. This is the number of code runs required for a 95%/95% level with the 3rd order Wilk’s formula. The MOSAIQUE software developed by Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) was used for automated sampling of the uncertainty parameters, a global uncertainty calculation, and post processing of the results. The critical heat flux ratio (CHFR) and the fuel centerline temperature (FCT) were calculated at the 95%/95% level and were compared with those from conservative analyses. In addition, the impact of each design variables on the safety parameters was estimated by sensitivity analysis.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Russia Warns of Catastrophe if Syria Reactor Hit by US Strike\nTEHRAN (Tasnim) - Russia said on Wednesday that a military strike on Syria could have catastrophic effects if a missile hit a small reactor near Damascus that contains radioactive uranium.\nThe Foreign Ministry called on the UN nuclear agency to urgently assess the risk as the United States considers military action against Syria's government, Reuters reported.\n\"If a warhead, by design or by chance, were to hit the Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR) near Damascus, the consequences could be catastrophic,\" a ministry statement said.\nIt said that nearby areas could be contaminated by highly enriched uranium and that it would be impossible to account for the nuclear material after such a strike, suggesting it could fall into the hands of people who might use it as a weapon.\nRussia urged the International Atomic Energy Agency secretariat to \"react swiftly\" and present IAEA members \"an analysis of the risks linked to possible American strikes on the MNSR and other facilities in Syria\".\nThe IAEA said in a report to member states last week that Syria had declared there was a \"small amount of nuclear material\" at the MNSR, a type of research reactor usually fuelled by highly enriched uranium.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "ISAC and ARIEL\nTRIUMF’s rare isotope facilities cover an industrial-scale complex combining two core elements: The existing Isotope Separator and Accelerator (ISAC) facility and the new Advanced Rare Isotope Laboratory (ARIEL). ISAC is further divided into two components, housed in adjacent buildings: ISAC I, for low and medium-energy experiments; and ISAC II for higher-energy experiments.\nEach year, over 230 Canadian and international scientists come to TRIUMF to collaborate with our own scientists to carry out forefront experiments using one of almost 20 experimental facilities on topics spanning Nuclear Structure and Dynamics, Nuclear Astrophysics, Electroweak Precision Studies, Materials Science, and Life Sciences.\nTRIUMF’s rare isotope facilities are comprised of the following main parts\n- Drivers: To create rare isotopes, the 520 MeV cyclotron and the new 30 MeV electron linear accelerator (e-linac) supply high energy protons and electrons respectively to power nuclear reactions in targets.\n- Targets and Ion Sources: Targets are materials, for example uranium carbide, that when hit with a driver beam undergo nuclear reactions to produce rare isotopes. A coupled ion source strips an electron from these rare isotopes, ionizing them so that they can be manipulated in an electromagnetic beamline.\n- Rare Isotope Beam Delivery Systems:\n- Beamlines: Beamlines are specialized conduits for transporting, purifying and bunching rare isotopes from the target to experiments. The beamline includes all the components for preparing the beam, including mass separators, charge breeders and post-target accelerators.\n- Mass Separators: From the diverse mix of hundreds of rare isotopes produced in a target, mass separators use the ratio between an ion’s mass and its charge to precisely separate-out the desired rare isotope and create a purified rare isotope beam. From the mass separator the rare isotopes can be delivered to low-energy experiments like TITAN in ISAC-I or accelerated to higher energies.\n- Charge Breeders: Rare isotopes must often be further charged to enable their acceleration: the higher the charge, the more efficiently they are accelerated. Charge breeders remove more electrons to create positively charged ions.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The coalition envisions transforming the Midwest into a powerhouse for low-carbon fuel production. It said it will use nuclear power generated by Energy Harbor’s Davis-Besse nuclear station to produce carbon-free hydrogen through electrolysis.\nThe coalition said the focus on clean hydrogen production through electrolysis avoids the challenge of capturing and sequestering carbon dioxide. Nuclear reactors can produce clean hydrogen by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. Methods are being explored to use nuclear energy to produce hydrogen from water by electrolysis, thermochemical, and hybrid processes.\nIn October 2021, Energy Harbor and the DOE agreed to develop a hydrogen production demonstration project at Davis-Besse in collaboration with Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Xcel Energy, and Arizona Public Service. The plant was chosen due to its proximity to key hydrogen consumers in the manufacturing and transportation sectors of the market.\nThe DOE also announced $20m (€20.01m) in funding to demonstrate technology that will produce clean hydrogen from the three-unit Palo Verde nuclear power station owned and operated by Arizona Public Service Company in Phoenix, Arizona.\nMany believe nuclear has the potential to produce hydrogen in a clean and reliable way. Hydrogen is seen as an important path to drive decarbonisation – including in hard-to-abate sectors such as industry. In power generation, hydrogen is one of the leading options for storing renewable energy, and hydrogen can be used in gas turbines to increase power system flexibility.\nDemonstration Projects Underway Around World\nMore than 40 organisations representing industry, government, nonprofit and academia formed the Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative (NHI) to advance nuclear hydrogen. NHI aims to facilitate the development of nuclear hydrogen demonstrations, engage investors and advocate for policies that support nuclear hydrogen deployment.\nNHI says hydrogen produced from nuclear energy is “green” or “clean” in the same way as hydrogen produced from renewable energy, because nuclear energy is a zero-carbon source of electricity and heat.\nAccording to the International Energy Agency, annual global dedicated hydrogen production stands at around 70 million tonnes. The US DOE says a single 1,000-MW nuclear reactor could produce more than 200,000 tonnes of hydrogen each year. Ten nuclear reactors could produce about two million tonnes annually or one-fifth of the current hydrogen used in the US.\nAccording to the IEA, around 12 demonstration hydrogen projects with a combined electrolyser capacity of 250 MW are exploring using nuclear power for hydrogen production. These projects are in Canada, China, Russia, the UK and the US, but the IEA said that not all will be realised.\nDavis-Besse is a single-unit pressurised water reactor unit in Oak Harbor, Ohio, and is situated on Lake Erie. The 894-MW PWR was supplied by Babcock & Wilcox and began commercial operation in 1978.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Radioactive strontium has been found on the seabed near the crippled Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, Kyodo reported on Tuesday.\nTokyo Electric Power Company said strontium-89 and -90 was discovered in the seabed soil about 3 kilometers off the coast, some 20 kilometers north and south of the nuclear complex.\nBetween 10 and 44 becquerels per kilogram of strontium-90 were detected, which has a half-life of 29 years.\nShigeharu Kato, a member of the Nuclear Safety Commission, said further examination was needed to determine if or how the substances can accumulate in marine life, the NHK news agency reported.\nA 9.0-magnitude quake struck off Japan's northeast coast on March 11, triggering a tsunami and explosions at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, which caused the worst nuclear crisis since Chernobyl in 1986.\nAccording to Japanese scientists, the tsunami triggered by the quake washed over 561 square kilometers in 23 prefectures. Huge waves reached 10 kilometers (6 miles) inland destroying everything on their way.\nThe disaster destroyed over 151,000 buildings and killed at least 15,000 people, while 9,893 people still remain unaccounted for.\nThe government has previously said the damage from the disaster could total $184 billion.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "SEOUL, South Korea (AP) -- Material that can be used to make nuclear bombs is stored in scores of buildings spread across dozens of countries. If even a fraction of it fell into the hands of terrorists, it could be disastrous.\nNearly 60 world leaders who gathered Tuesday in Seoul for a nuclear security summit agreed to work on securing and accounting for all nuclear material by 2014. But widespread fear lingers about the safety of nuclear material in countries including former Soviet states, Pakistan, North Korea, Iran and India.\nWhile the threat of nuclear terrorism is considered lower now than a decade ago, especially after the death of Osama bin Laden, the nightmare scenario of a terrorist exploding a nuclear bomb in a major city isn't necessarily the far-fetched stuff of movies.\n\"It would not take much, just a handful or so of these materials, to kill hundreds of thousands of innocent people and that's not an exaggeration, that's the reality that we face,\" President Barack Obama told world leaders at the meeting, a follow-up to a summit he hosted in Washington in 2010.\nBuilding a nuclear weapon isn't easy, but a bomb similar to the one that obliterated Hiroshima is \"very plausibly within the capabilities of a sophisticated terrorist group,\" according to Matthew Bunn, an associate professor at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government.\nThere's an \"immense difference between the difficulty of making safe, reliable weapons for use in a missile or combat aircraft and making crude, unsafe, unreliable weapons for delivery by truck,\" Bunn said.\nThe Nuclear Threat Initiative, a Washington-based nonproliferation group that tracks the security of world nuclear stockpiles, said in a January report that 32 countries have weapons-usable nuclear materials. Some countries, such as the United States, maintain strict controls already. However others, including Russia and other former Soviet republics, have struggled to secure their stocks, raising fears of \"loose nukes\" falling into the hands of terrorist groups.\nIt's unclear how nations will enforce the summit's goal of securing nuclear material by 2014. The International Atomic Energy Agency shares best practices for securing nuclear material, but the U.N. body has no power to enforce its recommendations.\nSome countries on the NTI list are a concern because of their government's ties with militant groups or because of corruption among their officials. Others simply don't yet have good safety practices.\nAlthough Pakistan's small stockpiles of nuclear material are heavily guarded, it is believed to be prone to corruption by officials who may have sympathies to hard-line Islamic militants, Bunn said.\nDespite New Delhi's insistence that its nuclear materials are secure, the NTI ranked India among the top five nuclear security risks, saying the government needs more transparency, more independence for its nuclear regulator and tighter measures to protect nuclear material in transit.\nIndia's lax security was displayed in at least two incidents in recent years in which radioactive materials - from a hospital and a university laboratory - were discarded and later ended up in a scrap dealer's shop.\nOther recent nuclear scares include a suspected attempt by a crime syndicate in the eastern European country of Moldova to sell weapons-grade uranium to buyers in North Africa. Officials in the country told The Associated Press that 1 kilogram (2.2 pounds) of highly enriched uranium remains in criminal hands and is probably in another country.\nThe investigation provided fresh evidence of a black market in nuclear material probably taken from poorly secured Soviet stockpiles.\nRussia has dramatically improved its nuclear security over the last 15 years, Bunn said, but it has the \"world's largest stockpiles in the world's largest number of buildings and bunkers\" as well as corruption and a weak security culture and regulations.\nNorth Korea and Iran are viewed with worry because of fears of nuclear proliferation.\nBut Bunn said both are \"likely small parts of the nuclear terrorism problem.\"\n\"North Korea has only a few bombs' worth of plutonium in a tightly controlled garrison state,\" he said. \"Iran has not begun to produce weapons-usable material.\"\nAt least four terror groups, including al-Qaida and Japan's Aum Shinrikyo doomsday cult, have expressed a determination to obtain a nuclear weapon, said Kenneth Luongo, co-chair of the Fissile Materials Working Group, a Washington-based coalition of nuclear security experts.\nNuclear materials stored at research facilities are generally considered less secure than weapons at military installations, Luongo said. Last year's meltdown at Japan's Fukushima nuclear power plant also shows how terrorists could launch a radiation hazard simply by sabotaging a facility's functions.\nWhile some groups could develop crude missiles or other delivery systems, unconventional weapons such as a single briefcase containing plutonium and a detonator may be an even bigger threat, said Chang Soon-heung, a nuclear expert at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and technology.\nNuclear security experts say greater political commitment is needed to drive efforts to secure radioactive materials and overcome barriers to international cooperation.\nWhile experts praised this week's nuclear summit as a sign of progress, some doubted whether countries would meet the 2014 deadline for securing the world's loose nuclear material, defined generally as completed weapons, bomb material, or the skills to build them.\n\"There needs to be more political leadership from the top, and countries need to stop talking about what they're doing individually and acknowledge that this is a cross-border international issue,\" Luongo said.\nAP writers Sam Kim in Seoul and Nirmala George in New Delhi contributed to this report.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission approved the indirect transfer of MidAmerican Energy Co.`s 25 percent non-operating ownership interest in Quad Cities Nuclear Power Station, Units 1 and 2, as a result of the acquisition of MidAmerican Energy Holdings Co. by an investor group that includes Berkshire Hathaway Inc.; Omaha, Neb., businessman Walter Scott Jr.; and David L. Sokol, MidAmerican`s chairman and chief executive officer. Pending final regulatory approvals, the deal is expected to clos\nTrojan Nuclear Power Plant`s decommissioned reactor vessel is positioned for its placement in a burial trench at Hanford Nuclear Reservation in central Washington. Pressure-wrapped in blue plastic, filled with concrete and wrapped in six inches of steel, the 1,000-ton reactor journeyed via barge 270 miles up the Columbia River. Trojan, the largest U.S. commercial reactor ever taken offline, was shut down in 1993, two decades earlier than planned after a series of problems including a faulty safe\nUtiliCorp United named Dr. Shirley Ann Jackson, president of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, to its board of directors. A former chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Jackson previously taught as a professor of theoretical physics at Rutgers University and worked as a theoretical physicist at the former AT&T Bell Laboratories.\nFirstEnergy Corp. named Robert F. Saunders president of its FirstEnergy Nuclear Operating Co. (FENOC) subsidiary and chief nuclear officer. He succeeds John P. Stetz, who will be reassigned within the FENOC organization. Saunders most recently served as vice president, nuclear site operations, Susquehanna Nuclear Site, for PP&L Inc., formerly Pennsylvania Power & Light Co.\nThe Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), one of the largest utilities in the United States, has implemented new operations scheduling software for hourly planning. Savings have come from optimizing the schedule to minimize operating costs. Computer simulation has, in a number of cases, encouraged the utility to idle as many as 12 units to achieve significant cost savings while ensuring generation reliability.\nExecutives should cringe at the thought that electric utilities` year 2000 (Y2K) readiness might be judged by the \"prudence\" standard previously applied to nuclear power plants and other large construction projects under the regulatory microscope of state public utility commissions. The popular press, utility financial analysts, and legal pundits worry about a possible tidal wave of litigation relating to Y2K disputes. The predicted tidal wave, however, may only amount to a trickle if advocates\nUnicom promoted Robert J. Manning to president of competitive operations; Pamela B. Strobel, executive vice president and general counsel; Frank Clark, senior vice president of corporate and governmental affairs; Ruth Ann Gillis, senior vice president of competitive operations; and Dave Helwig senior vice president of nuclear services in the Nuclear Generation Group.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Enabling High Spectral Resolution of Liquid Mixtures in Porous Media by Antidiagonal Projections of Two-Dimensional 1H NMR COSY Spectra.\nThe noninvasive, in situ chemical identification of liquid mixtures confined in porous materials is experimentally challenging. NMR is chemically resolved and applicable to optically opaque systems but suffers from a significant loss in spectral resolution in the presence of the magnetic field inhomogeneities typical of porous media. In this work, we introduce a method of analysis of conventional two-dimensional (2D) 1H NMR correlation spectroscopy (COSY) spectra based on the extraction of 1D antidiagonal projections, which are free from line-broadening effects and can therefore be used for chemical species identification. Here, we show the application of the technique to the measurement of linear n-alkanes where the cross-to-diagonal peak ratios are shown to follow a power-law curve as a function of the chain length. This calibration enables quantifying mixtures of linear hydrocarbons confined in any porous material independently of temperature or inter-molecular dynamics. Thus, this is a promising tool for quantitative chemical reaction monitoring studies in heterogeneous systems under operando experimental conditions.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Abstract Variation of radon concentration in ground water in the area of Northeastern Hungary was investigated. Specific geological features of this region result in high radon concentration in well waters (between 100 and 350 Bq l −1) and in the air of dwellings (occasionally as high as 10 000 Bq m −3). The observed radon concentrations of well waters show unpredictable variability both in space and time. In adjacent wells, concentration values may change by a factor of 10. In the case of some wells, a variation by a factor of 3–6 (between 20 and 180 Bq l −1) was measured during a year. Measurements were made in order to find correlations between radon concentration in soil air, radon concentration in water and meteorological parameters, i.e. external air pressure, temperature, wind speed and air humidity. A good correlation (with correlation coefficient of k=−0.84) between radon concentration in soil air and air pressure was found.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Have any questions? Just call us at +39 0584 388 398\nA CAEN group company\nLogin or Register\nApril 6th, 2017|0 Comments\nARCHIMEDES III 9103 is designed to measure the radioactivity level in excavation materials of various nature and define their proper destination\nThe FREE-AND 16 spectrometric station is a robust and handy system designed to perform spectrometric analysis of materials, coming from nuclear power plants decommissioning activities.\nADMOSYS is an automated Segmented Gamma Scanner station designed to measure drums by means of a high efficiency HPGe detector\nAURAS 3000 is a highly automated system for measuring a variety of sample sizes and forms (bags, boxes, barrels, B25 containers, etc…)\nThe portable CARONTE 9400 gamma monitor has been designed to facilitate quick, user-friendly measurement of radioactivity levels for small objects such as tools and boxes\nBOX COUNTER is designed to perform fast gamma radiation monitoring of laundry and small objects and compare the results with the release limits\nThe PIPE SCANNER system is designed to perform a complete and accurate radiometric scan of the internal and external surfaces of a pipe, tube, or similar conduit\nARCHIMEDES II 9102 WiFi is designed to perform fast measurements of the gamma activity of bags containing waste materials\nOctober 23rd, 2017|0 Comments\nThe GAMON-D is a gamma dose rate monitoring system series designed for ring monitor systems around nuclear facilities and nationwide environmental monitoring networks\nSeptember 24th, 2017|0 Comments\nPITAGORA 5700 is a modular and flexible environmental monitoring system , consisting of wall mountable equipment, specifically designed to detect area and air radioactivity.\nJune 15th, 2017|0 Comments\nThe GAMON-S spectrometer series has been designed for outdoor and indoor online radiation monitoring, for early environmental warning and emergency response.\nApril 27th, 2017|0 Comments\nThe MISTRAL XM monitoring system is designed to sample and monitor the activity concentration in the air, in Marinelli geometry.\nThe ZB-TC module is a ZigBee (WiFi) transceiver that can be used to communicate data from a probe to its reading unit.\nThe acquisition and control unit SATURN I 5700 RTM-WM is a compact ratemeter, designed for managing and processing signals from the connected area monitoring detector.\nApril 26th, 2017|0 Comments\nThe SATURN I 5700 RTM environmental monitoring unit is a compact and modular ratemeter designed to receive, process and visualize the dose measurement provided by one of the several probe available.\nThe aerial Beta monitor NAUSICAA 5303 2IC is a system designed to measure Beta activity in the air, compensating for the Gamma background.\nThe DISCOVERY 5302 IC monitoring unit is a modular system for gamma dose measurements, assembled in a highly protected insulated PVC housing.\nThe CPMON 5303 monitoring system is composed by a network of cabin stations communicating with a central visualization/management station (host PC) through a radio connection.\nThe BONNER SPHERES SPECTROMETER consists in an array of thermal neutron detectors, each housed in a spherical polyethylene moderator of different dimensions.\nSATURN 5702 is a mobile station equipped with two detectors for gamma and neutron ambient dose equivalent, H*(10), rate monitoring\nThe NAUSICAA 5301 IC environmental monitoring unit is a modular system for gamma dose measurements\nSATURN II is a compact ratemeter designed for managing and processing signals from the connected area monitoring detector\n5700 sMON is a complete remote software package for real time control, display and management of an entire monitoring network\nOctober 26th, 2017|0 Comments\nThe wide range probe MERCURY GMP WR is composed by 2 energy-compensated Geiger-Müller detectors\nPIC is a high-precision directional free-air ion chamber, capable of measuring the intensity of a collimated particle beam passing through its entrance and exit windows.\nThe PNAI detection unit is based on a NaI(Tl) scintillator probe, designed for high sensitivity gamma radiation measurements of air and gas exhausted from controlled zones\nGM-1 is a Geiger-Müller gamma radiation detector lodged in aluminum cylinders together with a built-in HV board, providing power supply, and signal processing electronics.\nB-RAD is a portable, hand-held radiation survey meter, capable of measuring the photon dose rate in presence of strong electromagnetic fields.\nLUPIN 5401 is a modular system for neutron H*(10) measurements, with excellent performance for detection in pulsed neutron fields\nHigh pressure ionization chambers ICP and ICP-T are designed for environmental area monitoring of the gamma dose rate\nThe WDMS NT-VK system is designed to collect and monitor radioactive wastewaters, which can obtain the free release only after their radioactivity drops under the values allowed by the laws in force.\nThe LEM system allows to sample the liquid effluents and to perform a gross gamma measurement of the samples in Marinelli geometry.\nBONES is a flexible, lightweight, easy to manipulate and heat resistant polymer, containing a variable concentration of natural Boron, up to 25% in weight.\nbSCAN is a compact and advanced instrument designed to perform Thin Layer Radio-Chromatography (TLC) so allows the identification of radioactive mixture and compounds\nThe foot-hand-clothes monitor VITRUVIUS 8220 is an instrument specifically designed for checking gamma contamination on the body\nAugust 21st, 2017|0 Comments\nThe D-DSA SyS is a compact desktop system integrating 2 Independent 16k Digital MCA and featuring HV/Preamp for up to 2 spectroscopy detectors (HPGe or scintillator)\nHexagon is a compact, stand-alone dual digital 32k MCA with 2 HV & 2 Preamplifier Power Supply\nbMCA is a compact, digital MCA, which can perform Pulse Height Analysis and Multi-Channel Scaling of 14-pin standard\nbPAD is a microcontroller-based SCA containing a Preamplifier-Amplifier-Discriminator with TTL digital output and HV power supply\nTOPAZ-Pico is a compact, stand-alone digital Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA) which can perform Pulse Height Analysis\nTopaz-X is a compact, stand-alone digital MCA able to perform Pulse Height Analysis of the signal produced by high resolution, Peltier-cooled semiconductor detectors, such as Silicon Drift Detectors.\nγstream is an active MCA integrated in a 14-pin photomultiplier tube base suited for portable and mobile gamma-ray spectroscopy\nJuly 18th, 2017|0 Comments\nSODIGAM is the only software available on the market for high precision analysis of spectra from scintillation detectors which uses physically correct description of background, baseline and peakshapes.\nGammaTOUCH application is a Gamma stream control software for Android's smartphones and tablets\nbAxil is a new multiplatform software for the x-ray fluorescence spectrum analysis based on AXIL spectrum analysis methods\nMC2 Analyzer is a User Friendly Software for Digital Pulse Height Analysis for CAEN Digital MCA and Digitizers\nThe XR-Spec is a complete package composed by a Silicon Drift Detector, a Multi Channel Analyzer and an analysis software. It is designed for high resolution X-ray spectrometry\nRADARM is an automated low-background gamma-ray spectrometry system based on high-purity germanium detector\nSeptember 20th, 2017|0 Comments\nMONOLITH is a detection unit composed by a Germanium detectors with a Stirling-cycle refrigerator\nThe gamma–ray Detection Device is based on a HPGe detector with Electric Machine Cooling\nApril 7th, 2017|0 Comments\nThe NitroSPEC is the world’s smallest liquid nitrogen cooled Spectrometer which is based on High Purity Germanium (HPGe) semiconductor detectors\nLiquid nitrogen cooled portable HPGe detector for Gamma and X-rays spectroscopy where small dimensions are important\nLiquid Nitrogen cooled Planar HPGe detector is designed for high resolution Gamma and X ray spectroscopy\nLiquid Nitrogen cooled P-type HPGe coaxial detector is designed for high resolution Gamma spectroscopy\nInorganic scintillator detector assemblies for multiple application\nThe PPM 9300 monitor has been designed and realized to monitor unauthorized radioactive sources transportation or possible contaminations on persons passing through the device.\nMarch 7th, 2017|0 Comments\nGALILEO 9900 series automatically monitor the load of vehicles passing through its structure and detect any gamma emitting radionuclide\nCM 9700 is a radiation monitoring device designed to automatically control the gamma contamination in materials being transported on conveyors systems\nFebruary 20th, 2017|0 Comments\nThe VeryFuel is an Non Destructive Assay (NDA) tool for verification of modern fresh fuel assemblies with unprecedented speed\nFebruary 7th, 2017|0 Comments\nGammaFLY is a airborne gamma ray spectrometer system consisting of 16 NaI(Tl) crystals used for radiometric mapping", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "5 edition of Status and commercial potential of the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant found in the catalog.\nStatus and commercial potential of the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant\nUnited States. General Accounting Office\n|Statement||by the Comptroller General of the United States.|\n|The Physical Object|\n|Pagination||, vi, , 34 p.|\n|Number of Pages||34|\nfuel for commercial nuclear plants. Tey currentlyh manage enrichment processes out of the Paducah, Kentucky, plant and perform research and laboratory functions out of the Portsmouth, Ohio plant. DUF. 6 can be stored in three fors –liquid, gaseousm, or solid. At abient temm eratures and pressures p. Georgia Power wants five more years to complete its Plant Vogtle nuclear expansion project and has replaced Fluor Corp. with Bechtel to oversee construction. The utility estimates the cost to Author: Scott Judy.\nHôtel de Brunoy\nEnhancing the interpretation of a norm referenced second-language test through criterion-referencing\nSearch unemployment with advance notice.\nTales of a grandfather\nSeventy-Six Most Common Grammar Errors\nThe value of fish in the diet\nshort guide to fish preservation\nAlways Stand in Against the Curve, and Other Sports Stories\nA poem on divine revelation\nEmissions of beryllium and mercury in Illinois\nElementary matrices for economics.\nMy life & friends\nIn response to a congressional request, GAO examined the status of the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant and its potential for becoming operational as a commercial ll Nuclear Fuel Plant is a partially constructed plant valued at about $ million.\nThe plant was officially closed on Decem Get this from a library. Status and commercial potential of the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant: report. [United States. General Accounting Office.]. This raised speculation that the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant - a privately owned, partially constructed reprocessing plant - could become operational.\nThis report examines the status and the commercial potential of the plant. Three overall observations can be drawn from the information presented in the report. Government and industry have committed South Carolina to a central role in nuclear energy development.\nNuclear plants or nuclear-related industries in South Carolina either completed or being developed include: the Allied General nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at Barnwell; the Chem Nuclear low-level waste storage facility in Barnwell; the Westinghouse fuel fabrication plant in.\nAllied Corp. together with its partner General Atomic Co. have finally decided to shut down their nuclear fuel reprocessing facility in Barnwell, S.C.\nUnless some business group or consortium comes forward to purchase the plant before Octoberit will be closed.\nAllied puts the blame for the closing on the decision made by President Carter in April to ban indefinitely any. Appendix F to 10 C.F.R.\nPart 50 on siting a fuel reprocessing plant.6 EBRII fuel reprocessing and refabrication operations were suspended. Allied-General Nuclear Services began constructing a large commercial reprocessing plant at Barnwell, SC.\nGE halted construction and decided not to pursue an operating license for its. DOWNLOAD gigawatts (GW) Daily U.S. nuclear capacity outage Range Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0 10 20 30 U.S. Energy Information Administration based on the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Status and commercial potential of the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant book Reactor Status Report and Forms EIA Annual Status and commercial potential of the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant book Generator Report and Form EIAM Monthly Update to.\nThe Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant (BNFP) was the first large-scale commercial reprocessing facility in the U.S. consisting of: A fuel-receiving and storage station.\nA separations facility to chemically process SNF assemblies into liquid uranium, liquid plutonium, and liquid high-level waste (HLW) using advanced PUREX technology. What does BNFP stand for. BNFP stands for Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant. Suggest new definition.\nThis definition appears rarely and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories: Military and Government; Science, medicine, engineering, etc.\nBNFP - Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant. Looking for abbreviations of BNFP. It is Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant. Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant listed as BNFP. Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant Status and commercial potential of the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant book How is Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant abbreviated.\nStatus and commercial potential of the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant book Barnwell County; Barnwell County, SC; Barnwell County, South Carolina; Barnwell Mountain Recreation Area; Barnwell.\nReprocessing - AGNS • - Allied-General Nuclear Services began constructing commercial reprocessing plant at Barnwell, SC –Capable of tons/yr – acres –~$M spent • President Carter policy change • - Convinced that the project could not proceed on a privateFile Size: 4MB.\nplant at Morris, Illinois, was completed inand the Allied-General Nuclear Services plant at Barnwell, South Carolina, was completed in However, neither plant went into commercial service. The year period of nuclear optimism began to wane in about with growing public apprehension over the possibility of a major nuclear accident.\nNuclear Plant Leak in South Carolina West coast cities are not the only ones seeing radiation increase near their water. The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control confirmed a leak from a nuclear power plant has affected drinking water for communities near the Barnwell Nuclear : Alan Reese.\nRobert O. Pohl papers, Experimental and Analytical Studies of the Thermal Aspects of Deep Geologic Disposal of Commercial Nuclear Wastes, Technical Report. November Draft Supplement to the Final Environmental Statement related to construction and operation of Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant.\nJune Box The plant makes nuclear fuel assemblies for atomic energy plants around the world. Westinghouse was the chief contractor on the V.C. Summer nuclear construction : Sammy Fretwell.\nThe Energy Department has already spent about $ billion on the half-built plant near Aiken, S.C., designed to make commercial reactor fuel out of plutonium from nuclear bombs.\nHwy West Fork, AR Phone: () The only US reprocessing facility to ever operate on a commercial basis was the Nuclear Fuel Services (NFS), West Valley, NY Plant. It was permanently shut down in after six years of operation. The initial core from Indian Point 1 was fabricated with HEU/thorium fuel, and it was reprocessed at the NFS Plant in late The Savannah River Site (SRS) is a nuclear reservation in the United States in the state of South Carolina, located on land in Aiken, Allendale, and Barnwell counties adjacent to the Savannah River, 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Augusta, site was built during the s to refine nuclear materials for deployment in nuclear weapons.\nIt covers square miles (. Nuclear reprocessing is the chemical separation of fission products and unused uranium from spent nuclear fuel. Originally, reprocessing was used solely to extract plutonium for producing nuclear commercialization of nuclear power, the reprocessed plutonium was recycled back into MOX nuclear fuel for thermal reactors.\nThe reprocessed uranium, also. The commercial LWR power system emerging in the s answered the need for a nuclear fuel cycle that could enable many nations to use nuclear energy peacefully for medicine and power production while and Bechtel designed and built the commercial plant at Barnwell and designed the Exxon plant.\nThe National Academies Press. doi: That’s why the installation at Plant Hatch, the first of its kind at a commercial nuclear facility, “is not a small step, but a leap for our industry,” said Southern Nuclear’s Nuclear Fuel.\nJames A FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plant, Scriba, NY, NYS Power Auth's 1st nuclear plant, goes into commercial operation, 5 yrs after construction started; others operating in state are Con Ed's 2. The initial wave of nuclear power plant construction in the United States, from –was followed by a period of re-evaluation of the economics of nuclear plants, questions on the safety of the entire nuclear fuel cycle, changing requirements for plant operation and staffing, and diverse public discussions of nuclear energy.\nThe Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which licenses nuclear power plants, lists 63 nuclear reactors in operation - providing per cent of the nation's electricity. Barnwell Complex Update Presented at Governor's Nuclear Advisory Council Meeting Decem Summary. E N E R G Y S O L U T I. N S • Safety • Compliance • Barnwell Disposal Facility (BDF) – New and Used Nuclear Fuel Transport – DOE Classified Shipments.\nThis plant recycled a substantial quantity of fuel from the Hanford N-Reactor plant. A large plant was built by Allied General Nuclear Services at the Barnwell site in South Carolina, but the plant was never operated for purposes of reprocessing nuclear fuel.\nA number of other PUREX plants have operated world-wide, as shown in Table 1. Nuclear Power Plant Accidents and Its Effects By Golam Kibria, Ph.D; April Key points: The potential impact of nuclear power plant accidents could be the release of radioactive materials such as Iodine and Caesium in the Size: KB.\nThe U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is issuing an exemption in response to a Marequest from Southern Nuclear Operating Company (SNC or the licensee) in order to use Optimized ZIRLO TM fuel rod cladding material at the Farley Nuclear Plant (FNP), Units 1 and 2, and the Vogtle Electric Generating Plant (VEGP), Units 1 and 2.\nNuclear power plant data as of J Reactor name State Reactor type U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form GC, \"Nuclear Fuel Data Survey\" (). More spent fuel tables: Table 1. U.S. spent nuclear fuel discharged and stored at commercial sites: Table 3.\nAnnual commercial spent fuel discharges and burnup, - June Location: Waynesboro, GA (26 miles SE of Augusta, GA) in Region II Operator: Southern Nuclear Operating Co., Inc.\nOperating License: Issued - 03/31/ Renewed License: Issued - 06/03/ License Expires - 02/09/ Docket Number: Reactor Type: Pressurized Water Reactor Licensed MWt: 3, Reactor Vendor/Type: Westinghouse Four-Loop.\nA portion of the Westinghouse Nuclear Fuel plant has been closed since the buildup was verified in July. The closing resulted in. It is concluded that because Illinois has the largest nuclear power capacity of any state and because it has the oldest privately built commercial nuclear power plant in the country, its state Author: John Glasson.\nThe spectrum of potential threats of nuclear proliferation is complex and ranges from small terrorist cells to industrialized countries with advanced nuclear. Glossary and a status report for safety standards under development are also available.\nFor areas of nuclear power, the nuclear fuel cycle, radioactive waste management and decommissioning. LICENSING THE FIRST NUCLEAR POWER PLANT INSAG A report by the International Nuclear Safety Group. North Carolina has nuclear power plants in three counties: Brunswick, Mecklenburg and Wake.\nIn addition, the mile emergency-planning zone for a South Carolina nuclear plant overlaps into a portion of North Carolina.\nAll four plants are operated by Duke Energy. The Belene Nuclear Power Plant (Bulgarian: Атомна електроцентрала „Белене“) is a planned nuclear power plant 3 km from Belene and 11 km from Svishtov in Pleven Province, northern Bulgaria, near the Danube was intended to substitute four VVER V reactors of the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant that were decommissioned as a prerequisite for Bulgaria to Country: Bulgaria.\nThe Day - Nuclear plant spent fuel transfer to go on despite coronavirus concerns; KUNM - SAT: New Mexico Land Office Considers Emergency Oil And Gas Rule, + More - By Kunm WBUR - Pilgrim Nuclear Plant Transfer To Go On Despite Coronavirus Concerns - The Associated Press DW - Chernobyl: Radioactive forest near nuclear plant catches fire.\nThe Institute for 21st Century Energy issued a report that calls on the Obama Administration to commit to a permanent solution for the nation’s used nuclear fuel and nuclear waste.\nThe report. Victor Dricks Senior Public Affairs Officer Region IV Shortly before 1 p.m. Monday, operators in the control room of the Fort Calhoun nuclear power plant pushed a red button, initiating an automatic shutdown of the reactor.\nSo ended commercial operations for the nation’s smallest nuclear power plant, located along the Missouri River, about 20 miles. State utility regulator Pdf Tobin is proposing to effectively reduce state renewable-energy rules by counting nuclear energy as a renewable power source to compete with solar and wind.The world’s download pdf commercial nuclear power plant, Calder Hall in Windscale, England, was opened in BBC, \" Queen Switches on Nuclear Power\".\nThe first commercial nuclear power plant in America was completed in in Shippingport, Pennsylvania. By the early s, about three dozen small nuclear plants had been built around the world.The nation’s largest electrical grid operator announced Ebook it will examine whether the trend toward more gas-fired power plants and fewer nuclear and coal plants threatens the long-term.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The world’s largest artificial sun, the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) for the exploration and development of nuclear fusion energy is one of the largest and most far-reaching international scientific projects.\nManufacturing of the core components of the next-generation largest artificial sun, the full-size prototype of the enhanced-heat-flux (EHF) first wall (FW) panel, has been completed in China with its core indexes being significantly better than its design requirements and meeting the conditions for mass manufacturing, marking a new breakthrough by China in the scientific research of the core technology of EHF FW, the Global Times learned from its research team on Tuesday.\nAlso known as the world’s largest artificial sun, the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) for the exploration and development of nuclear fusion energy is one of the largest and most far-reaching international scientific projects in the world, and the largest international scientific and technological cooperation project that China participates in as an equal alongside with the EU, India, Japan, South Korea, Russia and the US.\nChina signed an agreement on the launch of the ITER project with the other six parties in 2006 and has shouldered responsibility for about 9 percent of its tasks.\nA new breakthrough was made in research for the “artificial sun” in China in October, with its HL-2M plasma current exceeding 1 million amperes, setting a new record for the operation of controllable nuclear fusion in the country.\nThe EHF FW panel, which can withstand a surface plasma ion temperature of the reactor core up to 150 million C, some 10 times hotter than the real Sun, during the operation of the ITER, is the most critical core component of the reactor, involving the core technology of the fusion reactor construction.\nThe technology mastered by China previously took the lead in passing international certification.\nThe full-size prototype piece of the ITER EHF FW was developed by the Southwestern Institute of Physics under the state-owned China National Nuclear Corp (CNNC).\nAfter the researchers from the institute manufactured EHF FW fingers in batches, they then completed the welding and assembly of the components by overcoming setbacks such as high temperatures, power cuts and COVID-19 outbreaks by cooperating with Guizhou Aerospace Xinli Technology Co, a company specialized in metal smelting and forging, which is located in Zunyi city in Southwest China’s Guizhou Province.\nThe Chinese team, which took the lead in manufacturing the prototype piece in the international team, once again made a substantial engineering breakthrough for the research and development of the key components of ITER, marking China’s solemn fulfillment of its international commitment.\nLuo Delong, director of the China International Nuclear Fusion Energy Program Execution Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, addressed the achievement and said that great achievements have been made by the Chinese team after years of efforts and lots of fruitful research and development work.\nThrough the work, China has independently mastered the principle of the process and made breakthroughs in technology while also providing “Chinese wisdom” and “Chinese plans,” making huge contributions to independently master key technologies, fulfilling international commitments and demonstrating its responsibilities as a major power, Luo said.\nOriginally published at Global Times", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Russian prosecutors say a safety breach has caused a radiation leak at a nuclear reprocessing plant in the Ural mountains.\nLocal officials say a valve believed to be defective allowed radiation to leak from a tank that was holding radioactive liquid waste. The incident occurred on Thursday as the tank was being transported between units of the Mayak plant, near Yekaterinburg.\nProsecutors called the incident a flagrant breach of safety rules in waste transportation.\nOfficials decontaminated the area and said the radiation is normal inside the plant. No one was injured during the incident.\nRussia's Interfax news agency reports Mayak's administration has created a commission to investigate the incident.\nSome information for this report was provided by Reuters.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Radiometric dating calculates an age in years for geologic materials by measuring the presence of a short-life radioactive element, e. The term applies to all methods of age determination based on nuclear decay of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes. Bates and Jackson To determine the ages in years of Earth materials and the timing of geologic events such as exhumation and subduction, geologists utilize the process of radiometric decay. Geologists use these dates to further define the boundaries of the geologic periods shown on the geologic time scale. Radiometric decay occurs when the nucleus of a radioactive atom spontaneously transforms into an atomic nucleus of a different, more stable isotope.\nWhenever the worldview of evolution is questioned, the topic of carbon dating always comes up. Here is how carbon dating works and the assumptions it is based upon. Radiation from the sun strikes the atmosphere of the earth all day long. This energy converts about 21 pounds of nitrogen into radioactive carbon This radioactive carbon 14 slowly decays back into normal, stable nitrogen. Extensive laboratory testing has shown that about half of the C molecules will decay in 5, years. This is called the half-life.\n20.6: The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating\nThe ease of using the formula for radioactive decay with common elements found in nature make it a powerful tool. Radiometric dating is the technique of using isotopic ratios of common elements to determine the age approximate of materials associated with the element, such as trees, rock strata, fossils, human artifacts and the like. Because radioactive decay follows a specific mathematical formula and is dependent upon unique decay rates half-lives of each element, formulas can be developed that compare the measured amounts of different elemental isotopes. The ratio of the difference is related mathematically to the time that is took for the original sample to decay into the ratios found.\nHome earth Earth History Geologist Radioactive. Read about How do we know the Age of the Earth? Radiometric dating using the naturally-occurring radioactive elements is simple in concept even though technically complex. If we know the number of radioactive parent atoms present when a rock formed and the number present now, we can calculate the age of the rock using the decay constant.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Hanford tank farm workers performing routine tasks at the vast nuclear waste site reported getting sick after breathing chemical vapors on Thursday.\nThe toxic gases most likely escaped from pipes used to move nuclear waste from one area of Hanford to another. Transferring waste always increases the chance of employee exposure to vapors because of the complexity of moving highly radioactive, chemically contaminated nuclear byproducts from aging storage tanks.\nStarting around noon, two employees reported a metallic taste in their mouths after removing their personal safety gear. They sought medical attention and the area they were working in, the AP tank farm, was evacuated.\nTwo hours later two more workers experienced nausea and a dry throat after being exposed to vapors above a line used to transfer waste between the AX and AP tank farms. The area they were working in was evacuated and road blocks were set up as extra precautions. These workers were sent to the onsite medical clinic as well.\nThen between 3 pm and 4 pm seven additional workers near a changing trailer outside the AX farm requested medical attention after smelling the strong odor of ammonia.\nAfter the exposures, some employees complained that full respiratory protection wasn’t mandated after the first two workers reported problems mid-day. They also objected to a decision to continue pumping and transferring waste.\nThursday’s vapor exposures are the latest in a series of problematic events at the nuclear site in the last two weeks. On Tuesday, KING 5 broke the story that signs have emerged that a second double-shell tank, AY-101, is beginning to leak.\nAnd last week the KING 5 Investigators found that the leak in AY-102 has greatly expanded since the pumping operation began.\nThe liquid nuclear waste held in underground tanks is the result of four decades of plutonium production at Hanford for the country’s weapons defense program. Plutonium produced at the site fueled the bomb dropped on Nagasaki in World War II. Production continued through the Cold War to build up the U.S. nuclear arsenal. Since 1989, the only work at Hanford has been related to cleaning up the waste left behind. The most dangerous byproducts are contained in the 56 million gallons of liquid waste housed in the aging underground tanks.\nRead more at 11 Hanford workers sick Thurs. from vapors", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Most of the reliable reporting about the clean-up of the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant since it suffered three meltdowns in March 2011 has been from on-site workers. Even when articles appear in major media outlets about the situation at the crippled reactor, it's usually presented through the anonymous or pseudonymous firsthand experiences of the men on the front lines.\nThe site is a nuclear landfill that stored material from Idaho in the 1950s, and also accepted shipments nuclear waste from the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant near Denver throughout much of the 1950s and the 1960s. Commercial nuclear waste was also sent to the facility for years, but Idaho officials eventually sued the federal government in an effort to stop the shipments and force the cleanup. The facility currently stores more than 300 metric tons of spent nuclear fuel.\nUniversity of Arkansas-Fayetteville official Mike Johnson tells the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette that crews are expected to maintain a \"periodic\" presence at the shuttered Southwest Experimental Fast Oxide Reactor after April 1. He says there's also a plan allowing for a restart with 45 days' notice to begin removal of the site's radioactive reactor core.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "More insight into radioactive salt marshes\n- December 16, 2009\n- NWO (Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research)\n- A researcher has analyzed gamma radiation in salt marshes. The development of salt marshes, vegetated areas periodically flooded by the sea, occurs differently than was previously thought. Knowledge of salt marshes is essential for the development of dynamic but safe coastal zone management.\nThe development of salt marshes, vegetated areas periodically flooded by the sea, occurs differently than was previously thought. This is apparent from measurements conducted by Dutch researcher Alma de Groot. She analysed the gamma radiation produced by the soil in the salt marsh. Knowledge of salt marshes is essential for the development of dynamic but safe coastal zone management.\nSalt marshes, also known as tidal marshes, are coastal areas rich in sediment that are periodically flooded by the sea and where plants have started to grow. Sediments are deposited onto the surface of the marsh by the sea, which gradually raises the bed level. Salt marshes are found on barrier islands, estuaries and sheltered coasts along the North Sea. De Groot studied the salt marshes on the island of Schiermonnikoog. Salt marshes are not only important for biodiversity -- many rare species of plants and birds can be found there -- but also play an important role in coastal defence.\nRadioactive salt marshes\nThe biologist used a novel method for studying the salt marshes: she analysed the gamma radiation naturally present in the sand and the clay of the salt marsh. Most sediments contain small amounts of radioactive elements that emit low levels of gamma radiation. This enabled her to determine the composition of the soil in the salt marshes. She combined the new radiometric method with measurements using a soil corer. She discovered that heavy storms deposit sand on the salt marshes about once every decade, which is far more frequent than was thought until now. The contribution of this sand to the total increase in soil elevation of the salt marsh appears to be small however, meaning that 'normal' sedimentation is by far the most important factor for the growth of the salt marshes.\nDe Groot's method offers many possibilities for further research. In addition, she shows that commonly used small-scale measurements are insufficient for making reliable predictions about the development of the salt marshes, with respect to rising sea levels for example. This is evident from the complicated sedimentation patterns she discovered in the salt marshes. Her discoveries can be used to improve the set-up of sedimentation measurements.\nDynamic coastal zone management\nThe possibilities for 'dynamic coastal zone management' are of increasing interest in the Netherlands. Therefore, in certain areas the coast is being left to develop naturally. But this can only be done safely if we understand how our coastline develops. De Groot's research makes a major contribution to such insights.\nAlma de Groot's research is part of the NWO programme Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ). This programme will be concluded by a symposium on 24 November 2009.\nMaterials provided by NWO (Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research). Note: Content may be edited for style and length.\nCite This Page:", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Karl-Heinz Lambertz, the Minister-President of the German-speaking Community of Belgium, paid a working visit to the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre today. The programme included a visit to the underground HADES lab and the BR2 research reactor. Karl-Heinz Lambertz underlined the importance of strengthening and improving nuclear research in Belgium.\nThe Belgian Nuclear Research Centre invited the German-speaking Minister-President to outline its research activities and future plans. Karl-Heinz Lambertz descended to the HADES laboratory where, at a depth of 225 metres, research is being conducted into the feasibility of storing radioactive waste in layers of clay. SCK•CEN and NIRAS, which are responsible for the management of the nuclear waste, have joined forces for this in the EURIDICE partnership.\nKarl-Heinz Lambertz then paid a visit to reactor BR2, one of the most powerful research reactors in the world. SCK•CEN uses the BR2 reactor for materials research and the production of medical radioisotopes for imaging and the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Silicon is also irradiated in BR2, thus forming a high-grade semiconductor for electronics in high-power applications, such as electric vehicles, wind turbines and solar energy systems.\nAt the end of the visit the Minister-President underlined the importance of research and innovation and the need for scientifically based information about nuclear technology.\n“I am really impressed by the high degree of professionalism. We must improve and strengthen the know-how present in Belgium. In the future there will be many more applications of this technology, which will be of interest both to the field of energy and other fields. Thanks to the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, we have high-performance research infrastructure to do this”, says Minister-President Lambertz.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Work on the development of nuclear energy in Soviet Russia has begun still in 20-e years of the last century. In the prewar years on the basis of leading scientific institutions of the country program was developed for the implementation of the so-called “uranium project”. But the war brought about changes in the development plans of the industry.\nWork in the wartime conditions were not sufficiently intensive. Significant acceleration of them gave a successful test in July 1945 in the U.S. the atomic bomb.\nTherefore, the starting point in the history of the domestic nuclear industry is considered to be a 20 August 1945. On this day, Joseph Stalin signed a decree on establishment of the management body of works on uranium – ad hoc Committee under the State Committee of Defense (SCD) of the USSR.\n28 September in Russia, in accordance with the presidential decree of 3 June 2005, the Day of nuclear industry worker.\nThe history of atomic energy of the Russian Federation\nOn 28 September 1942. was signed a secret order of the State Committee of defense (SCD) of the USSR “About the organization of works on uranium”. The document instructed the Academy of Sciences (an) of the USSR “to resume work on the feasibility study of the use of nuclear energy by fission of uranium and submit by April 1, 1943 report on the possibility of creating a uranium bomb or uranium fuel.”\nIn 1943, the scientific supervisor of the works on the nuclear issue was appointed Professor LPTI Igor Kurchatov, and under his leadership, the USSR established the Laboratory room 2 (now the national research centre “Kurchatov Institute”).\nThe decree of GKO of the USSR of 20 August 1945 was formed the Special Committee under the GKO of the USSR, which was responsible for the management of all works on creation of atomic weapons and nuclear industries.\nFor the creation of the atomic bomb in the Laboratory room 2 Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1946, was organized by the Design Bureau No. 11 (KB-11; now the Russian Federal nuclear center – all-Russian research Institute of experimental physics, RFNC-VNIIEF; Sarov, Nizhny Novgorod region).\nOn 29 August 1949 at the Semipalatinsk test site was successfully tested the first Soviet nuclear charge (the product is RDS-1).\nIn 1951 tested a second atomic bomb, and in 1953 first Soviet thermonuclear bomb (RDS-6s).\nSince the late 1940s began the development of the civil sector of the nuclear industry. In 1950 the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution “On research, design and experimental works on the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes”.\nIn 1953 was formed the Central body of state administration of the USSR on the management of nuclear industry Ministry of medium machine building (Minsredmash; subsequently, the Ministry of atomic energy and industry of the USSR, the Ministry of atomic energy, the Federal atomic energy Agency, 2007 the state Corporation “Rosatom”). On June 27, 1954 in Obninsk, Kaluga region was connected to the mains the world’s first commercial nuclear power plant (now stopped).\nJust in the nuclear industry of Russia there are over 400 enterprises and organizations employing more than 240 thousand people. These are enterprises of the nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear energy, scientific research institutes.\nCurrently in Russia there are 10 nuclear power plants, which are in operation with 28 units. The share in total electricity generation is 17% (in the North-Western regions – up to 37%). Currently the construction of three new nuclear power plants: the Baltic, Leningrad-2 and Novovoronezh-2, as well as additional reactors to existing stations.\nPictures of all 10 Russian NPPs in the gallery.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The PhD work concerns experimental studies of plasma cleaning of so-called first mirrors for future fusion facilities, such as ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). First mirrors will play a crucial role in numerous ITER optical diagnostic systems. Deposition of material eroded from the wall of ITER can degrade the reflectivity of the first mirrors severely. Plasma cleaning using radio-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas is currently being considered as the most promising in-situ cleaning technique. The PhD work will mainly be focused on three different aspects of plasma cleaning for ITER first mirrors:\n– Investigation on plasma cleaning in magnetic fields, benchmarked with simulations.\n– Development of End of Cleaning Indicator (monitoring of the process).\n– Research on driven grounded electrode plasma discharges.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "MINSK, 26 June (BelTA) – Belarus is ready to share its experience in implementing the national nuclear energy program with Hungary, Belarus' Energy Minister Viktor Karankevich said as he met with Janos Suli, Hungarian minister responsible for the planning, construction and commissioning of the two new blocks at the Paks Nuclear Power Plant, BelTA learned from the press service of the Belarusian Energy Ministry.\n“We are ready to discuss matters related to the construction of the Belarusian nuclear power plant and to share the accumulated experience in implementing the national nuclear energy program,” Viktor Karankevich said.\nThe parties considered a possibility to establish cooperation in the energy sector, including in nuclear energy.\nOn the eve of the visit to the Energy Ministry, the Hungarian delegation visited the Belarusian NPP construction site and the town of Ostrovets where they studied Belarus' experience in building infrastructure for construction workers and maintenance personnel of the station. The Hungarian delegation received detailed information about the work of the station's information center, visited a full-scale simulator in a training center and facilities on the NPP's construction site.\n“Belarus has enormous experience in creating good living and working conditions for the personnel at such an important facility as the nuclear power plant. Given the comparability of the construction scale, this experience can be used to manage the construction of the two new blocks at the Paks Nuclear Power Plant,” said Janos Suli.\nThe Belarusian nuclear power plant is being built near Ostrovets, Grodno Oblast using a Russian design featuring two VVER-1200 reactors with the total output capacity of 2,400MW. The first power-generating unit is scheduled for commissioning in 2019, with the second one to go online in 2020.\nThe interest of the Hungarian specialists in the construction of the Belarusian nuclear power plant is due to the fact that the two new blocks of the Paks Nuclear Power Plant will be built in line with the reference project of Russian NPPs with a VVER-1200 generation 3+ reactor.More about Economy", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "An International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Integrated Review Service for Radioactive Waste & Spent Fuel Management, Decommissioning & Remediation (ARTEMIS) team said Germany demonstrated commitment to continued development of its national radioactive waste management (RWM) programme since a previous review in 2019. The review team noted that the majority of the initial recommendations and suggestions had been addressed and advised Germany to apply a consistent approach across future activities related to cost assessment of the RWM programme.\nThe ARTEMIS follow-up mission was carried out at the request of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety & Consumer Protection (BMUV) to review the implementation of the findings identified during the initial ARTEMIS mission in 2019. It was hosted by Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit gGmbH (GRS), Germany's central professional organisation in the field of nuclear safety, in the city of Cologne.\nThe follow-up mission covered all aspects and topics related to the development and implementation of the RWM programme. It focused on the national policy and strategy for the management of radioactive waste, application of selection criteria in the identification of a site for a disposal facility for high level radioactive waste, and cost assessment for the RWM programme. It also reviewed the national plan and cost estimation for the retrieval of waste from the ASSE II former salt mine.\nMission team leader Patrice François, Senior Expert in Radioactive Waste Management & Decommissioning at the Institute for Radiological Protection & Nuclear Safety in France, said: “Germany, as the first country to call for a follow-up ARTEMIS mission, has shown its dedication to meet the findings from 2019 and strong commitment to transparency of communications, in the interest of improving standards of safety in implementing its national programme for radioactive waste management.”\nGermany has made the decision to stop generating electricity from nuclear power plants. The three remaining operational NPPs were planned to be shut down by the end of 2022. However, due to the current energy crisis these reactors, with a total net capacity of 4000 MWe, they will remain in operation until 15 April 2023. In view of Germany’s previously large nuclear power programme with a total of 33 reactors, including the three in operation, a significant amount of radioactive waste will be generated by decommissioning activities. The waste will need to be stored until it can be safely disposed.\nCurrently, Germany does not have a receiving radioactive waste disposal facility. The Morsleben disposal facility has stopped receiving waste and is being closed. A new disposal facility for low and intermediate level waste is being constructed at the site of former iron ore mine Konrad. A nationwide search has begun to identify a site for a disposal facility for high level radioactive waste.\nThe mission included interviews and discussions with representatives of BMUV, GRS, Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management (BASE), Federal Company for Radioactive Waste Disposal (BGE), Company for Storage (BGZ), as well as a site visit to the Biblis NPP, a pressurised water reactor in permanent shutdown, to observe the status of the dismantling and the management of radioactive waste.\nThe team found that Germany has successfully implemented many recommended actions from the 2019 mission. Of the three recommendations and 12 suggestions identified in the initial mission, two recommendations and two suggestions require further development, including:\n- Updating the cost assessment for the national waste management programme in the Cost Report, based on a consistent approach across all activities, including waste retrieval from Asse II mine.\n- Analysing risk and uncertainty when updating the cost assessment for all public sector components of the radioactive waste and spent fuel management programme.\n- Assessing whether the geosphere requirements for non-heat generating waste are different from those for high level waste and, if they are, taking them into account in the application of disposal facility siting criteria.\n- Making greater use of the radioactive waste inventory to monitor changes in the inventory over time and demonstrate waste minimization.\nGerrit Niehaus, Director General for Nuclear Safety & Radiation Safety at BMUV said: “We are happy that we were able to demonstrate that we made progress, that most of the 2019 findings could be closed and that no new ones were identified. The findings that remain open will be used to guide us on our way to further improve the safe management of radioactive waste in Germany, our national programme and our communication.”\nThe final mission report will be provided to the Government in about two months.\nImage: Drums of radioactive waste stored in the Asse II mine (courtesy of Bilfinger)", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "In the year of 1953 on March 17, a nuclear bomb test called ANNIE had been done. It was the first nuclear test in Operation Upshot-Knothole where reporters were permitted to see the explosion in first hand.We’ve found a video footage capturing the blast in 1953. And, unlike most videos of the nuclear blasts, this one is raw and edited to the least degree. You are going to see the real blast and hear the real sound.\nThis footage is really phenomenal. It was shot over a distance of 11 kilometers from the explosion site. And, as per the rules of physics, the sound is heard a few seconds after the blast was seen (light travels faster than sound). The footage resurfaced through an unnamed Russian correspondent and blogger Alex Wellerstein.\nBe noted that Annie was a weapon development test. It was shot openly. Civilians were permitted to have the view of the blast from News Nob, which was 11 kilometers away from the south of the shot-tower. “Annie was a weapon development test, it was an experimental device (code named XR3) that provided additional information to normalize the yield-vs-initiation time curve. It was a Mk-5 HE assembly using a Type D pit, and used a betatron for external initiation (the third such test). Total device weight was 2700 lb, predicted yield was 15-20 kt.”\nNB: Some people doubt about the authenticity of the video, and believe it to be filmed later and edited heavily.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "This is not intended to be an exhaustive glossary. You will find answers to many of your questions by using a search engine. However, here are a few ATLAS physics terms explained to start you off.\n|Describes the angle of a particle relative to the beam axis.\n|Azimuth angle (φ)\n|Describes the angle of a particle measured from the x-axis, around the beam.\n|Are like snap-shots, tracing the paths of particles produced in a collision.\n|In general, a particle can decay in several modes or decay channels. For example, a Z boson can decay into a pair of neutrinos, a pair of charged leptons, or a pair of quarks (i.e., all the standard model fermions lighter than half the Z mass). The probability for a Z to decay into a neutrino pair is about 20%, into a pair of charged leptons (electrons, muons, or taus) is about 10%, and into a pair of quarks (u,d,c,s,b) is about 70%. These probabilities are called branching fractions.\n|The decay channel signifies a certain route a physics process has taken. For example, the W boson may decay to either a pair of hadrons or a pair of leptons. The signature for these W bosons in the detector are therefore either two hadrons or two leptons.\n|Electron Volt (eV)\n|One electron volt is equal to ~1.6 x 10-19 joules. MeV (106) and TeV (1012) are units of energy used in particle physics. 1 TeV is about the energy of motion of a flying mosquito.\n|Subatomic particle having the same mass as one of the particles of ordinary matter but opposite electric charge and magnetic moment.\n|Average number of particle interactions per bunch-crossing.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "McStas instrument for simulating the GEM diffractometer at ISIS TS1.\nAuthor: E. Farhi, G. Cuello, M. Tucker\nDate: September 20, 2006\nMcStas instrument for simulating GEM at ISIS TS1.\nThe sample is a powder. The detector is simplified as a banana shaped one.\nThe General Materials Diffractometer is a new generation neutron diffractometer\nrecently constructed at the ISIS pulsed neutron source. GEM can be used to\nperform high intensity, high resolution experiments to study the structure of\ndisordered materials and crystalline powders.\nParameters in boldface are required;\nthe others are optional.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Fifty years from trinity the seattle times has created one of the definitive sites examining the development of the atomic bomb the manhattan project, which included some of history's greatest scientific minds, lead to the end of the war against the japanese. Five myths about the atomic bomb the hiroshima a-bomb gregg herken is an emeritus professor of us diplomatic history at the university of california and the author of the two events together plus the dropping of the second atomic bomb on aug 9 were decisive in making the. How the bomb changed everything nuclear age anxieties had a profound effect on film, tv, music and literature in science fiction literature, especially in britain, where the atomic bomb had first been imagined, the vision was darker from the start. The decision to drop the bomb 51g the decision to the ethical debate over the decision to drop the atomic bomb will never be resolved the bombs did, however, bring an end to the most destructive war in history.\nManhattan project: manhattan project, us government research project atomic bomb production in atomic bomb: development and proliferation of atomic bombs los alamos history - the manhattan project. Russian development of the atomic bomb although military experts in general believe that russia at last has learned how to make the atomic bomb, they suggested that soviet development of three weeks after the los alamos test the first a-bomb ever used in warfare was dropped. One of the most important events during truman's presidency was the closing stages of ww2 and the development of the atomic bomb that was dropped on the japanese cities of hiroshima who dropped the atomic bomb in ww2 atomic bomb facts - us history - facts - major event - atomic bomb. Science behind the atom bomb science behind the atom bomb history page type: science date: order to avoid wasting time on one new method that could later prove insufficient to produce enough u-235 to allow the atomic bomb to reach critical mass. The story of the atomic bomb started around the turn of the century when a small number of physicists began to think about accelerated the development of an atomic bomb in the united states the first was regarding plans to drop an atomic bomb on japan the target committee. Approving of the development president franklin roosevelt approves the development of the atomic bomb president harry trueman approves the use of the dropping of the atomic bomb on hiroshima and nagasaki see more history timelines see more personal timelines.\nThe united states becomes the first and only nation to use atomic weaponry during wartime when it drops an atomic bomb on the japanese city of hiroshima. The manhattan project and the atomic bomb in 1945 1945 an american b-29 bomber named the enola gay dropped the first atomic bomb on the city of hiroshima the development of the atomic bomb had repercussions that would continue to resonate throughout the twentieth century. Unaware of the intricacies surrounding the atomic bomb development in the 1945 a b-29 named the enola gay dropped the atomic bomb named little boy on hiroshima in links to external sites will open in new browser windows and are not endorsed by the cold war museum the cold war museum.\nWhy the bomb was needed or justified: the bomb was used partly to justify the $2 billion spent on its development many historians believe the following is the real reason truman dropped the atomic bomb. Reasons the us dropped atomic bombs on hiroshima history essay print reference this the development of the atomic bombs decreased the risk of being attacked because if states can score only small the dropping of the atomic bomb on japan was thus perpetuated for the wrong reasons. Debate on the pros and cons of dropping the atomic bomb on japan historians are still divided over whether it was necessary to drop the atomic bomb on japan to end world the bomb was used partly to justify the $2 billion spent on its development. The nagasaki atomic bomb museum these artifacts are now supplemented with photographs depicting daily life in nagasaki before the atomic bomb was dropped, the devastation produced by the bomb, and the history of nuclear arms development.\nDocuments relating to the development of the atomic bomb and its use on what can we learn from the history of the iraq war 2 the atomic bombing dropping the atomic bomb on japan would quickly force japan to surrender on american terms before the russians could get.\nThe dropping of the atomic bomb on japan had a major impact on world history, learn all about the pros and cons. Others feel that that by dropping a bomb that we knew would level the cities and kill hundreds of thousands of men, women, and children it will give you a brief overview of the history, development, and use of the atomic bomb. Effects of the wwii atomic bombs if we do not devise some greater and more equitable system, armageddon will be at our door the decision to drop the atomic bomb on the h-bomb appears on the public horizon as a probably attainable goal its accelerated development has been.\nWhen the air force dropped the atomic bomb on nagasaki j robert oppenheimner, became director of the los alamos bomb development the secret history of the atomic bomb, michael amrine, putnams, ny. Source read the press release from president truman on august 6, 1945 following the dropping of the atomic bomb noting important details about its production and the rhetoric used. The atomic bombings of hiroshima and nagasaki by the manhattan engineer district the greatest scientific achievement in history the atomic bomb, first tested in new dropped the first atomic bomb on hiroshima more than 4 square miles of the city were instantly and completely devastated. Andrew marr explores the development and deployment of the first atomic bomb. Popular atomic bomb books (showing 1-49 of 133) a graphic history of the first atomic bomb (hardcover) by jonathan fetter-vorm among the airmen who obeyed the order to drop the bomb, the many scientists who helped to make it.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:\n|Title:||Spent HIFAR fuel elements behaviour under extended dry storage|\n|Publisher:||Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation|\n|Citation:||Ridal, A., & Bull, P. 1994). Spent HIFAR fuel elements behaviour under extended dry storage. (ANSTO/E719). Lucas Heights, N.S.W.: Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation.|\n|Abstract:||Previously unpublished observations of the behaviour of HIFAR spent fuel under extended dry storage conditions are reported. The two fuel elements EC802 (Mark III type) were irradiated in 1966 first examined in hot cells in 1967 and again examined in hot cells in 1983 following 16 years of stage 11 years of which were in the ANSTO engineered dry storage facility. The elements showed negligible deterioration over this extended dry storage period lending considerable confidence to the viability of dry storage technologies for the long term storage of spent aluminium clad research reactor fuels.|\n|Gov't Doc #:||215|\n|Appears in Collections:||Scientific and Technical Reports|\nItems in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Nuclear energy does not depends on natural aspects. On this site we try to make an objective analysis about this question, giving all the relevant information and offering a space for different conclusions. It is cleaner than many other forms of energy production. However, to ensure that energy resources will be around for future generations we need to take action. The increase of temperature in the earths atmosphere are rapidly getting worse and the reason for it is the burning of fossil fuels. Jurisdictions with nuclear fleets around the world are projecting reduced reliance on nuclear.\nSome people, therefore, believe that the advantages of nuclear power outweigh the disadvantages. The nuclear reactors can be manufactured small enough to power the ships and submarines , The nuclear power stations do not burn the fossil fuels to produce , So , They do not produce damaging , The nuclear energy can be produced from the nuclear power plants even in the cases of rough weather conditions. At this particular moment in time we are. As you can see from the graph below, the radioactivity of nuclear waste takes about 10 000 years to return to that of the original ore. However it is a lot safer than most people think. There are three main kinds of nuclear energy, nuclear fusion, nuclear fission, and radioactive decay.\nThe production of nuclear energy needs very less amount of raw material , This means that only about 28 gram of uranium releases as much energy as produced from 100 metric tons of coal , Since it is required in small quantities , transportation of fuel is much easier than fossil fuels. Then, they've to be dismantled, so that main countries producing nuclear energy could maintain a regular number of operating reactors. Detailed analysis of the Slovenian power markets regulatory structure, import and export trends, competitive landscape and power projects at various stages. Nuclear power has a lot of important advantages which I will talk about it in the context of nuclear power production. Nuclear power, however is not as safe as burning coal, gas or oil in a factory it is in fact, much more dangerous, There are dangers associated with a nuclear power plant which far out weigh the benefits to society as a whole and in part to the community living and working around the power plant. Radioactive waste are usually buried in the deep ground or seabed. Nuclear plants are safe and reliable.\nIt is generally agreed that oil, coal and gas will come to end after some time; therefore it is essential to find a replacement for fossil fuels before they are exhausted. An alternative that is presently utilized is nuclear energy. In my opinion, Iran is entitled to make a beneficial and safely maintained nuclear power station. Thorium, which also is a greener alternative, has lately been given an increased amount of attention. This is called nuclear fission and this process liberates a large amount of energy, but the process also releases radiation which is very dangerous.\nThere is sufficient evidence to prove that it is very unsafe, including past nuclear power related catastrophes, the by-product of nuclear power, and the fact that nuclear power plants are a vulnerable target for terrorists. Used as a weapon it has the most destructive power. Fission is the chain reaction which needs uranium-235. Since now is being touted as a more environmentally valuable solution since it produces far fewer greenhouse gases in electricity production than coal or other conventional power plants. Radioactive Waste Does nuclear power cause air pollution? History shows that we can never really protect us 100% against these disasters.\nFor the above stated reasons, I believe, that even if nuclear power has enormous benefits, the dangers inherent to this technologies are so significant that they outweigh all possible benefits. Conclusion Today, nuclear energy remains controversial. People argue that nuclear power is the modern, progressive way to meet the energy crisis. In the United States, 1 in 5 households and business are electrically powered by nuclear energy. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Hence, a large amount of electricity can be generated.\nThis continuity benefits the electrical planning. It is essential to comprehend the disadvantages as well to garner an overall outlook of Nuclear Energy. In nuclear science, the word ' nuclear' means 'of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of an atom'. Current estimates put the uranium supply as enough to last for 30 to 60 years. This second concern arises as the availability of fossil fuels is declining and many other sources are being suggested as time advances.\nWhatever improvements in safety the nuclear industry has developed, public opinion may very well rest in these events. Understanding the pros and cons of this energy source can help you make a more informed decision about your own energy use. What are the Advantages of Nuclear Energy? Transportation of waste is also not a problem, because there are only small amounts of waste that need to be transported. From there the water turns into steam which turns a set of turbines that supply power to thousands of homes. Although, it can buy us time to develop new ways of creating and harnessing energy, or evolve our current methods.\nIt can be very useful but also. Nuclear Power plants require resolution of the long-term high-level waste storage issue in most countries. High Capital Intensive Nuclear Plants require a high level of technology and a major initial capital investment. The waste is harmful and can accidentally or purposely be used to harm people and the environment. Both accidents went totally out of control and destroyed the surrounding zones. All of these nuclear reactors are sustainable, economical, safe, reliable, proliferation resistant and physically secured. This was the first and the last time that nuclear energy was used in a military attack.\nNuclear Power: A Radioactive Waste of Time For many years now, technology has strived to discover alternative energy sources that are cheap, efficient and not harmful to the environment. Understanding both sides of nuclear. Nuclear power is generated by using uranium metal, which is mined in various parts of the world. Uranium is mined due too it death of availability in many countries. Large quantity of energy is generated from a single nuclear power plant.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Britain and the USA entered into a new economic partnership. One of its goals will be to remove the Russian Federation from the world nuclear energy market. We’re talking about the “Atlantic Declaration” signed by both sides, reports TASS.\nAccording to the document, the US and UK will launch a “new civil nuclear power partnership” to support the “critical clean energy industry”, their “ambition to achieve carbon neutrality and keep Russia out of the global civilian nuclear power market”.\nFormer Newsweek columnist Anna Skinner stated In his article that the United States continues to depend on Russia for the supply of nuclear fuel.\nPrior to that, Hungarian Foreign Minister Peter Szijjártó was in Budapest. disagree Any sanctions against Russia’s nuclear power industry. Rosatom continues the construction of the Paks-2 nuclear power plant in Hungary, which is essentially an extension of an existing nuclear power plant.\nBen Stock is a business analyst and writer for “Social Bites”. He offers insightful articles on the latest business news and developments, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of the business world.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Saudi Arabia has announced plans to produce and enrich uranium in the future for its nuclear power program set to enter into an operational phase with two atomic reactors.\nPrince Abdulaziz bin Salman, the kingdom’s new energy minister, said on Monday that Riyadh intends to diversify its energy mix and go ahead with the full cycle of its nuclear program, including the production and enrichment of uranium for atomic fuel.\n“We are proceeding with it cautiously… we are experimenting with two nuclear reactors,” Abdulaziz said at an energy conference in Abu Dhabi.\nThe Saudi official also pointed to Riyadh’s plans to issue a tender for the kingdom’s first two nuclear power reactors, saying the tender is expected to be made next year.\nCompanies from the US, China, Russia, South Korea and France are speculated to be involved in preliminary talks about the project estimated to be worth billions of dollars.\nSaudi Arabia claims that it wants to tap nuclear technology for peaceful purposes but enrichment of uranium is a sensitive step in the nuclear fuel cycle as it can open up the possibility of military uses of the material.\nAmerican companies could only compete for the project if Riyadh signs an agreement with Washington assuring it will use nuclear technology for peaceful purposes, according to Reuters.\nSaudi officials, however, have said they would not agree to a deal that denies them the possibility of enriching uranium or reprocessing spent fuel, which could lead to a nuclear bomb.\nConcern over Saudi nuclear ambitions has mounted both because of the regime’s dark record of violating human rights, particularly for detention of women’s rights activists and the cruel murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi in Turkey, as well as its brutal war on Yemen.\nSaudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman laid the foundation of the kingdom’s first nuclear research reactor last November amid nuclear talks with the United States.\nRiyadh has refused to agree to safeguards, which ban it from using nuclear technology for military purposes.\nMohammad bin Salman, the de facto day-to-day ruler of the kingdom, has stated that Saudi Arabia would promptly acquire nuclear weapons if Iran did.\nRiyadh is a staunch critic of the landmark 2015 nuclear agreement between Iran and world countries that placed certain limits on Tehran’s nuclear energy program in exchange for removal of nuclear-related sanctions against the Islamic Republic.\nDespite US attempts to kill the deal, the document, officially called the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, has been hailed globally as a diplomatic win and testimony to the country’s peaceful nuclear activities.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Studies of resonance in ²³Na, ²⁶Mg, ⁴¹K, ⁵⁵Mn and ⁵⁹Co\nThe isotopes ²³Na, ²⁶Mg, ⁴¹K, ⁵⁵Mn and ⁵⁹Co were activated by the use of a well collimated, ¹⁰B filtered neutron beam from a reactor. An analysis of the induced activity versus ¹⁰B filter thickness permitted studies of individual resonances of the target elements. With the assumption of a \"1/E\" energy dependence for the neutron flux in the beam, it was possible to obtain resonance integrals and partial widths for radiative capture for the individual resonances. The results were normalized to the resonance integral and thermal cross section of gold.\nLittle work of this character has been done previously for these nuclides so that comparative results are not generally available. However, those values that were in the literature, did agree reasonably well with the results gotten by this author. A consistency check obtained by using the values calculated in this work to compute the thermal absorption cross sections showed that the computed cross sections were smaller than or equal to the tabulated absorption cross sections of the elements. Since additional contributions from other resonances would add on to the calculated values, the fact that the tabulated thermal cross sections were not exceeded is in the correct direction.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "\"Accident phenomena and offsite consequences of severe reactor accidents have been the subjects of considerable research over the last several decades by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). As a consequence of this research focus, analyses of severe accidents at nuclear power reactors are more detailed, integrated, and realistic than at any time in the past. A desire to leverage this capability to address conservative aspects of previous reactor accident analyses was a major motivating factor in the genesis of the State-of-the-Art Reactor Consequence Analyses (SOARCA) project. By applying modern analysis tools and techniques, the SOARCA project developed a body of knowledge regarding the realistic outcomes of severe nuclear reactor accidents. To accomplish this objective, the SOARCA project's integrated modeling of accident progression and offsite consequences used both state-of-the-art computational analysis tools and best modeling practices drawn from the collective wisdom of the severe accident analysis community. This study has focused on providing a realistic evaluation of accident progression, source term, and offsite consequences for select scenarios for the Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station and Surry Power Station. By using the most current emergency preparedness practices and plant capabilities, as well as the best available modeling, these analyses are more realistic than past analyses. These analyses also consider mitigative measures (e.g., emergency operating procedures, severe accident management guidelines, and Title 10 to the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR) 50. 54(hh) measures), contributing to a more realistic evaluation.\"\nU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NUREG-1935\nGovernment Printing Office, Federal Digital System: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Sample Student Essay Draft and Prompt.\nHiroshima after the Atomic Bomb (1 of 5) by Shigeo Hayashi panorama views of the city taken by Shigeo Hayashi on October 5, 1945; Hiroshima and Nagasaki: 70th anniversary of the atomic bombs that ended the Second World War A photo essay. Video. Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Video and images.\nThe atomic bomb, a successful effort to drop two atomic bomb as history: this full essay review. Did the us was are several reasons against dropping of hiroshima and taking control. Days like no other: dropping of the city of george orwell. Julius robert oppenheimer and the atomic bomb essays.\nHistory can answer many questions. Thus, it keeps many secrets. For those who want to unlock one of these secrets, we offer a history paper about the English royal bloodline.This sample is well structured and informative like our essay on the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings.\nThe bomb exploded about 500 m above the ground and directly beneath it was a suburb of schools, factories, and private houses. Not quite the target you would expect if you wanted to ruin the cities military capabilities. Truman had said, “The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base.\nPro Atomic Bomb With the US already angry about the drawn out Pacific War and the bombing of Pearl Harbor, this gave them enough evidence to have the thoughts of going to war with Japan. After Franklin Roosevelt died Truman became the new president, but with such short notice of the newly created Atomic Bomb, he was left with an important decision.\nWas the atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Genocide Yes indeed it was. My opinion is based on the following premises: First, by August 1945 the Japan military was in a desperate state. The Naval blockade of the Allies had taken away a fleet of ships with military supplies and weapons from Japan military, without these the Japan Military was weak and could not survive for long.\nIn this essay I am going to say whether America should have dropped the atomic bomb. The two main points is yes they should have or the shouldn’t have. The first main point was that USA were worried by Japanese expansion so which they banned all their trading going to Japan, which stopped 80% of all the oil supplied to Japan in the summer of 1941.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "IAEA chief travels to North Korea\nMohamed El-Baradei, the Chief of the UN nuclear watchdog, the IAEA, is heading to North Korea to discuss the recent deal to dismantle Pyongyang's nuclear weapons programme.Mohamed El-Baradei is expected to agree a timetable and terms for the International Atomic Energy Agency inspectors to verify a shutdown of North Korea's nuclear complex by mid April this year.“I look forward obviously to go back and establish a new framework for co-operation. I hope we can move forward, but again, I should caution that this is the first step in a long process. It will have to be an incremental process,” Mr El-Baradei stressed.The breakthrough deal was reached during six-party talks in February, 2007.Pyongyang expelled inspectors 4 years ago and conducted its first nuclear test last year. The test alarmed the international community and lead to the UN imposing sanctions.\nYou can share this story on social media:", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "China says release of Fukushima water into sea 'extremely irresponsible'\nStay tuned with 24 News HD Android App\nChina on Tuesday hit out at Japan's plan to release more than one million tonnes of treated water from the Fukushima nuclear plant into the ocean as \"extremely irresponsible\".\nThe Japanese government insists the release from the stricken plant which has stored a large volume of water for years is safe because it has been processed to remove almost all radioactive elements and will be diluted.\nBut the process -- not likely to begin for several years -- has already prompted concern from neighbouring countries and anger from fishing communities.\nChina said Japan's plan would be damaging to public health and complained Tokyo had decided to dispose of the nuclear waste water \"without regard for domestic and foreign doubts and opposition.\"\n\"This approach is extremely irresponsible and will seriously damage international public health and safety and the vital interests of the people of neighbouring countries,\" the foreign ministry said in a statement on its website.\nBeijing said the ocean was the \"common property of mankind\" and the disposal of the nuclear waste water \"is not just Japan's domestic issue.\"\n\"China will continue to closely follow the developments together with the international community and reserves the right to make further responses,\" the foreign ministry said.\nAround 1.25 million tonnes of water has accumulated in tanks at the nuclear plant, which was crippled after going into meltdown following a tsunami in 2011.\nJapan's Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga said that disposing of the water was an \"inevitable task\" in the decades-long process of decommissioning the nuclear plant.\nThe International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has endorsed the release, which it says is similar to disposal of waste water at nuclear plants elsewhere in the world.\nRelations between Japan and China have stuttered in recent months as Tokyo is courted by Washington as an ally t box-in the regional superpower in the Pacific.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Identification of High Confidence Nuclear Forensics Signatures for the Development of a National Nuclear Forensics Library\nThe international application of nuclear forensics, including the development of national nuclear forensics libraries, is essential to combat the transboundary movement of nuclear and other radioactive material out of regulatory control. A national nuclear forensics library is an authoritative record consisting of databases and potentially sample archives of nuclear and other radioactive material produced in, used or stored in a State. Research and development is necessary in order to address the science of nuclear forensic signatures to provide peer reviewed and validated signatures across the nuclear fuel cycle and through the manufacture of radioactive sources. This CRP will address the data requirements of a national nuclear forensics library for each stage of the nuclear fuel cycle (as determined by IAEA experts) and for the manufacture of radioactive sources, as well as promote research into novel signatures that are indicative of nuclear processing and important to high confidence nuclear forensics interpretation (eg. application of high precision, high abundance sensitivity mass spectrometry; stable isotope systematics; optimized use of radiogenic isotopes and rare earth trace elements). Of interest are resolving signatures imparted naturally as uranium is mined from those signatures that are introduced as a result ofproduction and manufacturing processes during milling, isotopic enrichment, fuel manufacture and reactor operations. A fundament question to be addressed by this CRP is how nuclear forensics signatures are imparted and how they persist. The results from this CRP will be used to provide technical guidance to States for the development of national nuclear forensics libraries, including the identification of high priority nuclear forensics signatures - related to material history - to be included.\nBackground Situation Analysis\nThe objective of nuclear forensics as a nuclear security technical capability is to categorize and characterize nuclear or other radioactive material out of regulatory control to provide information on its history and origin. Episodes of illicit trafficking continue to be reported to the IAEA’s Illicit Trafficking Database including incidents of the trafficking of highly enriched uranium in 2010 and 2011. For this reason nuclear forensics is not a contingency plan but rather provides information that is essential for preventing, detecting and responding to criminal and unauthorized acts involving these materials.\nNuclear forensics is a comparative discipline where unknown samples are compared against known samples - where the history and origin are known - to determine if there are similarities and likeness. While the analysis of nuclear and other radioactive materials has increasingly become more sophisticated, the ability to reliably interpret these measurements depends upon a State’s capacity to develop the appropriate means to unequivocally compare the analytical results of questioned samples relative to a nuclear forensics library of validated known data and / or samples.\nIn order to establish these national nuclear forensics libraries, the IAEA is working with States to raise awareness and provide guidance on the technical requirements bearing on the development of the libraries. This approach was endorsed at the 2010 General Conference Resolution on Nuclear Security (GC-54/RES/8). The technical guidance has benefitted from the sharing of Member States experience with organizing data from past and current production of nuclear and other radioactive materials. As well, national experience with safeguards arrangements and inventories of \"batches\" of nuclear materials can provide a base for building national nuclear forensics libraries. The need to identify and prioritize nuclear forensics signatures for use in nuclear forensics libraries was a key outcome at IAEA expert consultancies convened in November 2010 and March 2011.\nAs the development of national nuclear forensics libraries is at its inception, further work is needed to i) identify the most important signatures for inclusion at each stage in the nuclear fuel cycle and including radioactive material, ii) tie these fuel cycle signatures to processes used in their production and manufacture, and iii) organize these signatures such that the data may be collected from archives or measurements. Novel nuclear forensics signatures will also be developed and validated through peer review. Taken together, this research programme requires nuclear fuel cycle expertise and research to determine robust and persistent signatures incorporated in the material and appropriate methods of analysis and prediction.\nThis CRP involves the identification of key forensics signatures inherent to nuclear and other radioactive materials at each of the different phases of the nuclear fuel cycle for inclusion in national nuclear forensics libraries.\nCRP Overall Objective\nThe goal of the CRP is to develop validated nuclear forensics isotopic, chemical and physical signatures corresponding to stages of the nuclear fuel cycle (e.g., uranium ore mining, milling, conversion to UF6, nuclear fuel manufacture, reactor operations, reprocessing and radioactive source production) that enable high confidence comparative analysis between sample “unknowns” and “knowns” using a national nuclear forensics library.\nSpecific Research Objectives\nUsing scientific peer review, identify and prioritize nuclear forensic signatures associated with the origin and process history of the nuclear fuel cycle for the inclusion in national nuclear forensics libraries. Use stages of the nuclear fuel cycle identified by IAEA experts to understand persistent isotopic, chemical and physical signatures that are important to i) allow nuclear forensics cases to be compared directly, ii) potentially link suspects to materials, places and events iii) provide information on the origin and history of nuclear and radioactive materials to address potential nuclear security vulnerabilities, and iv) allow all States to make high confidence statements regarding the security of nuclear and other radioactive material for which they have responsibility.\nExpected Research Outputs\nTechnical guidance for States including the identified key isotopic, chemical and physical signatures - to address process history, as well as comparative and predictive signatures - and the analytical and predictive methodologies for high confidence interpretations to establish robust and comprehensive national nuclear forensics libraries.\nCRP Expected Research Outcomes\nStates will develop and implement national nuclear forensics libraries under their control that utilize validated and priority isotopic, chemical and physical signatures for high confidence interpretation as part of the prevention of and response to incidents involving nuclear or other radioactive materials out of regulatory control.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "HUNTSVILLE, Alabama -- A watchdog group concerned about nuclear power said federal regulators are now a step closer to improving safety at plants like Browns Ferry in Athens.\nThree reactors at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Browns Ferry plant and 20 other reactors across the U.S. share the same design as the Japanese plant that suffered a catastrophic meltdown last year after being hit by an earthquake and tsunami.\nBrowns Ferry lost electricity into the plant during the April 27 storms, causing an automatic shutdown. The lack of power into the plant meant for several days its cooling and safety systems had to be powered by backup generating equipment.\nPaul Gunter, director of the Reactor Oversight Project at the Maryland-based group Beyond Nuclear, said the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has agreed to study plant changes that go beyond the agency's earlier Fukushima-related recommendations for U.S. plants.\nGunter said the NRC's decision will give the public more input into decision-making on important safety questions.\nThe NRC said many of the group's recommendations are consistent with issues an agency task force is already studying and changes they have ordered.\nTVA spokesman Ray Golden said after Fukushima the utility created a team to study the problems at that plant and recommend necessary changes. He said TVA has increased training for control room operators, is in the process of acquiring more backup equipment, including generators, water pumps and satellite phones.\nBeyond Nuclear also has asked that the boiling-water reactors across the U.S. be shut down because they are unsafe - a move the NRC has rejected.\nBut Gunter said an NRC safety panel did agree to further study on the group's request - which included 8,000 petitioners - that the current Mark 1 venting system be placed under closer review and the pre-approval of the design be revoked.\nGunter said the vent design was a 100 percent failure at Fukushima and the same system is still in place in more than 20 U.S. plants to release radioactive steam if a nuclear reactor is overheating to dangerous levels.\nBeyond Nuclear and other groups want the NRC to revoke the current design approval and make venting a subject of increased enforcement.\nGolden has said TVA will respond to any required changes and is already taking steps to ensure nuclear plants remain safe.\nThe NRC also has agreed to consider requiring backup electrical supply in the event of a blackout to keep cooling the pools of spent radioactive fuel rods contained in Mark 1 reactor buildings.\nThe NRC's earlier recommendation was for backup power for hoses and other sources of water for the pools, but Gunter said the recent decision is a step forward.\n\"There is a big difference in our mind between allowing pools to boil away, with all that steam and condensation raining down on electrical boxes and circuits,\" Gunter said \"and providing emergency power to make sure they don't boil off in the first place.\"\nThe NRC gave no timetable for its review process.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "This video from the USA says about itself:\n10 March 2016\nFukushima update: here.\nThe Fukushima accident has not served as a wake-up call in Japan — Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: here.\nNews coverage of Fukushima disaster found lacking; Few reports identified health risks to public — Celine-Marie Pascale, American University via Science Daily: here.\nFUKUSHIMA – Public prosecutors decided on Tuesday not to indict Tokyo Electric Power Co. President Naomi Hirose and other current and former executives of the utility over radioactive water leaks from the crippled Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant into the ocean: here.\nJapanese anti-nuclear candidate wins election at site of world’s biggest atomic power station — The Guardian: here.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "A Global Nuclear Renaissance\nSource: Cambridge Network (8/16/10)\n\"20-year outline published for the renaissance of nuclear energy.\"\nThe scientists suggest a two-stage plan in their review paper that could see countries with existing nuclear infrastructure replacing or extending the life of nuclear power stations, followed by a second phase of global expansion in the industry by the year 2030. The team say their roadmap could fill an energy gap as old nuclear, gas and coal fired plants around the world are decommissioned, while helping to reduce the planet's dependency on fossil fuels.\nThe researchers suggest in their study that based on how technologies are developing, new types of reactors could come online that are much more efficient than current reactors by 2030. At the moment, most countries have light water reactors, which only use a small percentage of the uranium for energy, which means that the uranium is used inefficiently. The team suggest that new 'fast reactors' could be developed that could use uranium approximately 15 times more efficiently, which would mean that uranium supplies could last longer, ensuring energy security for countries.\nAnother idea is to develop reactors with replaceable parts so that they can last in excess of 70 years, compared to 40 or 50 years that plants can currently operate at.\nFlexible nuclear technologies could be an option for countries that do not have an established nuclear industry, reducing the need for countries to build large electricity grid infrastructures.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Arpa Piemonte has been carrying out, for a long time, controls on clearable materials from nuclear power plants to verify compliance with clearance levels set by ISIN (Ispettorato Nazionale per la Sicurezza Nucleare e la Radioprotezione - National Inspectorate for Nuclear Safety and\n[...] Read more.\nArpa Piemonte has been carrying out, for a long time, controls on clearable materials from nuclear power plants to verify compliance with clearance levels set by ISIN (Ispettorato Nazionale per la Sicurezza Nucleare e la Radioprotezione - National Inspectorate for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection) in the technical prescriptions attached to the Ministerial Decree decommissioning authorization or into category A source authorization (higher level of associated risk, according to the categorization defined in the Italian Legislative Decree No. 230/95). After the experience undertaken at the “FN” (Fabbricazioni Nucleari) Bosco Marengo nuclear installation, some controls have been conducted at the Trino nuclear power plant “E. Fermi,” “LivaNova” nuclear installation based in Saluggia, and “EUREX” (Enriched Uranium Extraction) nuclear installation, also based in Saluggia, according to modalities that envisage, as a final control, the determination of γ-emitting radionuclides through in situ gamma spectrometry measurements. Clearance levels’ compliance verification should be performed for all radionuclides potentially present, including those that are not easily measurable (DTM, Difficult To Measure). It is therefore necessary to carry out upstream, based on a representative number of samples, those radionuclides’ determination in order to estimate scaling factors (SF), defined through the logarithmic average of the ratios between the i-th DTM radionuclide concentration and the related key nuclide. Specific radiochemistry is used for defining DTMs’ concentrations, such as Fe-55, Ni-59, Ni-63, Sr-90, Pu-238, and Pu-239/Pu-240. As a key nuclide, Co-60 was chosen for the activation products (Fe-55, Ni-59, Ni-63) and Cs-137 for fission products (Sr-90) and plutonium (Pu- 238, Pu-239/Pu-240, and Pu-241). The presence of very low radioactivity concentrations, often below the detection limits, can make it difficult to determine the related scaling factors. In this work, the results obtained and measurements’ acceptability criteria are presented, defined with ISIN, that can be used for confirming or excluding a radionuclide presence in the process of verifying clearance levels’ compliance. They are also exposed to evaluations regarding samples’ representativeness chosen for scaling factors’ assessment.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Deep within neutron stars, the densest objects in the modern universe, there is a possibility that a substance called cold quark matter exists. This assumption was made by a group of researchers from the University of Helsinki in a paper published in the journal Nature Communications. Neutron stars contain up to two solar masses in a sphere just 25 km in diameter and are being studied as unique astrophysical objects. Of particular interest is the question of whether the huge central pressure of a neutron star could cause protons and neutrons to be compressed into a new phase of matter.\nAlexi Vuorinen, professor of particle theory at the University of Helsinki, explains: “In cold quark matter, protons and neutrons no longer exist as separate particles.” Their constituent quarks and gluons are freed and free to move. Researchers have made the first quantitative estimate of the possibility that quark nuclei exist in massive neutron stars. Current astrophysical observations indicate an 80-90% chance that quark matter exists in the most massive neutron stars. However, it is unlikely that all neutron stars are composed only of nuclear material.\nAn international team of scientists from Finland, Norway, Germany and the United States has also shown how in the future it may be possible to completely confirm or deny the existence of quark nuclei. The key point here is the possibility of limiting the strength of the phase transition between nuclear and quark matter, which is possible by recording gravitational wave signals from the final stages of the merger of two neutron stars.\nA key part of the research was large-scale computation on a supercomputer using Bayesian inference methods. Bayesian inference is a field of statistical inference that estimates the probabilities of various model parameters based on direct comparisons with observed data. Dr. Jonas Nätilä, one of the paper’s lead authors, described the research as an interdisciplinary effort that required expertise from astrophysics, particle physics, nuclear physics, and computer science. . He emphasizes that with each new observation of a neutron star, the properties of its material can be determined more precisely.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "– Whistleblower fired from US nuke site (PressTV, Feb 19, 2014):\nA whistleblower who raised safety concerns at the US most polluted nuclear weapons production site has been fired.\nDonna Busche, 50, was dismissed from the Hanford Nuclear Reservation on Tuesday morning after she filed a complaint about design and safety of an unfinished waste treatment plant at the factory, the Associated Press reports.\nBusche worked for URS Corp., which is helping build a $12 billion plant to turn Hanford’s most dangerous wastes into glass. She has filed complaints with the federal government, alleging she has suffered retaliation since filing her original safety complaint in 2011.\nThe Hanford Site was created before World War II as part of the United States’ top-secret atomic bomb project. Now, it is the most US contaminated nuclear site located on the Columbia River in the state of Washington, with cleanup costs running around $2 billion annually.\nThe plant is trying to clean up 53 million gallons of highly radioactive waste left from decades of plutonium production for nuclear weapons arsenal. According to AP, the waste is stored in 177 aging underground tanks, many of which have leaked.\nThe Department of Energy, which owns Hanford, said it is investigating Busche’s safety concerns, according to the report. The department said in a news release that it was not informed of the firing and that it “was not asked to and did not approve this action.”\nThe Department of Labor also is reviewing Busche’s complaints about retaliation and harassment.\nBusche is the second Hanford whistleblower to be fired in recent months. Walter Tamosaitis, who also raised safety concerns about the plant, was fired in October after 44 years of employment.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management (EM) said that construction is well underway on a protective enclosure, or cocoon, for the K East Reactor building at the Hanford Site near Richland, Wash.\nEM reports that is has achieved one of its key construction priorities for 2022 by beginning construction of the enclosure, which is designed to protect the reactor building while the radioactivity in the deactivated reactor core decays over the next several decades, making it safer and easier to decommission.\nA time-lapse video showing the construction of the cocoon’s massive 120-foot steel frame can be seen here.\nThe work: Last summer, EM contractor Central Plateau Cleanup Company was awarded a subcontract for the installation of the steel frame, and crews broke ground on the site last fall.\nEarlier this year, workers finished backfilling and compacting the area around the former reactor with approximately 34,000 cubic yards of sand and gravel to level the site before pouring a 6-foot-thick concrete foundation to support construction of the cocoon. The first steel columns for the enclosure were placed in mid-May.\nConstruction activities will continue through the summer, with workers expected to finish the structural steel skeleton and install metal siding on the walls and roof to fully enclose the building by this fall. The completed structure will be more than 150 feet wide and 120 feet tall. The design allows for routine inspections of the reactor every five years. Additional safety features include new lighting between the structure and the reactor building, as well as upgraded lighting inside the building.\nThe reactor: The K East Reactor operated from 1955 to 1971 and will be the seventh of Hanford’s nine former plutonium production reactors to be placed in interim safe storage. The K West Reactor will be the eighth.\nThe ninth, the B Reactor, has been preserved as the world’s first full-scale plutonium production reactor and is part of the National Park Service’s Manhattan Project National Historical Park. Hanford’s other six reactors were cocooned between 1998 and 2012.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Conference Proceedings Paper\nA Next Generation Heavy Water Nuclear Reactor with Supercritical Water as Coolant\nInternational Conference on the Future of Heavy Water Reactors - 2011 October 02-05\nLaurence K.H. Leung (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited)\nM. Yetisir (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited)\nWilliam Diamond (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited)\nD. Martin (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited)\nJeremy Pencer (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited)\nBronwyn Hyland (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited)\nH. Hamilton (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited)\nD. Guzonas (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited)\nRomney Duffey (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited)\nThe supercritical water (SCW) cooled nuclear reactor is one of six candidate reactor concepts selected by the Generation-IV International Forum (GIF) for meeting GIF design goals, which includes enhanced safety, resource sustainability, economic benefit and proliferation resistance . As a member of GIF, Canada is developing a pressure-tube type SCW reactor, which has the potential to fulfill all major GIF goals. Employing the existing supercritical water technology used in coal plants on the balance-of-power systems, the Canadian SCWR design effort focuses mainly on the core configuration to generate supercritical water at the temperature of 625°C matching closely the existing high-pressure turbine design (thereby increasing the thermal efficiency by 40% as compared to the conventional nuclear power plants).\nThis paper presents the pre-conceptual design of a heavy-water moderated pressure-tube type SCWR, which has evolved from the well-established CANDU reactor. It describes the core configuration, advanced thorium fuel cycle, the high-efficiency fuel channel design, passive moderator cooling system, and fuel design. These key components facilitate the fulfillment of the GIF design goals.\nIndividual Conference-Paper Copies (Electronic Where Available):\n- For CNS members, the first 5 copies per calendar year are free, and additional copies are $10 each.\n- For non-members, the price is $25 for the first Conference-paper copy in a request, and $10 each for additional copies of papers in the same conference and in the same request.\n- Contact the CNS office to order reprints.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Atoms: are the lowest level of complexity in biology. 92 naturally occurring elements that were created in the stars. That\"s how the galaxies, planets, moons were formed. 6 fundamental elements that all living things have- chnops. Matter and energy are one and the same- einsteins equation (e=mc^2) means matter and energy are different manifestations of the same thing. Potential energy is stored energy where we get into chemical bonds and interactions b/w atoms. Each organism doesn\"t have the same amount of the 6 elements. An atom is made up of 3 main parts in nucleus are protons and neutrons which make up the mass. Each atom has its mass determined by amount of protons and neutrons. Radioactive isotopes can be separated bc of the mas difference. Protons determine properties of atoms- they determine how many electrons surround nucleus. Electons are negatively charged neutrons don\"t have charge. Isotopes have same amount of protons but different amount of neutrons.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Why Lesson Planet?\nEarth System Science\nStudents investigate the age of the earth by using accepted scientific methods. They conduct research about the use of radioactive dating and there is a simulation activity of the process. Finally, students measure the radioactive decay of actual rocks to estimate the actual age of the earth.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "|Page (1) of 1 - 02/02/12||email article||print page|\nFeds: 'Unusual' wear on new tubes at CA nuke plantInspectors find 'unusual' wear on new tubes carrying radioactive water at Calif. nuclear plant\nLOS ANGELES (AP) ' Federal regulators said Thursday that unusual wear has been found on dozens of virtually new tubes that carry radioactive water at Southern California's San Onofre Unit 2 nuclear plant.\nThe disclosure came two days after a tube leak at the plant's other unit prompted operators to shut down the reactor as a precaution. A tiny amount of radiation could have escaped, but officials say workers and the public were not endangered.\nThe problems at Unit 2 were discovered during inspections of a steam generator, after the plant was taken off-line for maintenance and refueling. That equipment was replaced recently in both units of the twin-reactor plant, which is located about 45 miles north of San Diego.\n\"The amount of wear that we are seeing on these tubes is unusual for a new steam generator,\" Nuclear Regulatory Commission spokesman Victor Dricks said.\nPlant operator Southern California Edison did not immediately comment.\nThe plant is owned by Southern California Edison, San Diego Gas & Electric and the City of Riverside. Southern California Edison serves nearly 14 million residents with electricity in Central and Southern California.\nRelated Keywords:San Onofre Shutdown,Utilities,Industries,Business,Energy,Industry regulation,Government business and finance,Government and politics,Government regulations", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "The Japanese Spallation Neutron Source Facility is based on a 3 GeV, 1 MW, 25 Hz proton accelerator. It is apart of the High Intensity Proton Accelerator Project that is a joint project between the Tokai Establishment of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency and the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization. Neutronic optimization of the target-moderator-reflector assembly has been conducted assuming that the hydrogen is almost 100% para. Target station design is also underway, and five-year contracts will be made in November this year. Various device development programs, such as neutron-optical devices and detector systems, are also actively underway.\nWe have been developing a neutron lens and prism based on neutron refractive optics. As a neutron has a magnetic dipole moment, it is accelerated in a magnetic field gradient. Thus, we can control a neutron beam free from beam attenuation using the magnetic field gradient. Moreover, its spin dependence of the acceleration is profitable in the case of using the polarized neutron beam. The sextupole magnetic field functions as a focusing or defocusing lens for neutrons depending on the neutron spin states. The focusing and defocusing effects of a prototype sextupole magnet was experimentally studied. By combining focusing and defocusing functions of the sextupole magnet, we can control the neutron beam shape and divergence more flexibly. Adiabatic and nonadiabatic field connections make it possible to realize the magnetic doublet system. A quadrupole magnetic field functions as a neutron prism, which were experimentally confirmed. The neutron spin and energy dependence of the refracting power is applicable to an analysis of the neutron spin and energy. In this paper, the details of the experimental results of the magnetic devices are described and their applications in the neutron scattering experiment are discussed.\nWe have developed compound refractive prism for cold neutrons. To prevent an increase in neutron absorption, we have developed prism array like a Fresnel lens. The prism characteristics were investigated with experimental and numerical simulation studies. We achieved transmission of 0.75 and refractive angle of 7.5 mrad for 15 neutrons with 49 layered prism array.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Iran plans to enrich uranium up to 20% at its underground Fordo nuclear facility, international inspectors said on January 2, pushing its program a technical step away from weapons-grade levels as it increases pressure on the West over its tattered atomic deal.\nThe International Atomic Energy Agency acknowledged Iran had informed its inspectors of the decision after news leaked overnight on January 1.\nThe move comes amid heightened tensions between Iran and the U.S. in the waning days of the administration of President Donald Trump, who unilaterally withdrew America from Tehran’s nuclear deal in 2018. That set in motion an escalating series of incidents capped by a U.S. drone strike killing a top Iranian general in Baghdad a year ago, an anniversary coming Sunday that has American officials now worried about possible retaliation by Iran.\nThe decision comes after parliament passed a bill, later approved by a constitutional watchdog, aimed at hiking enrichment to pressure Europe into providing sanctions relief. It also serves as pressure ahead of the inauguration of President-elect Joe Biden, who has said he’s willing to re-enter the nuclear deal.\n“Iran has informed the agency that in order to comply with a legal act recently passed by the country’s parliament, the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran intends to produce low-enriched uranium … up to 20% at the Fordo Fuel Enrichment Plant,” the IAEA said in a statement.\nThe post Iran tell inspectors it plans up to 20% enrichment at Fordo appeared first on Defence News India.", "label": "Yes"} {"text": "Favorite Production Motorcycle Honorable Mention. Ducati 750 Super Sport.\nIf I didn’t already have the 916 then I’d have this one. In fact I think I was a bit hasty with the 916. It was a spur of the moment comment about that bike that got this list started before I had given it much thought.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Poems I Have Written\nHere I will be posting poems I have written. These poems could be ones I wrote in class or ones I wrote a very long time ago. I am going to try and keep up with writing a bit more frequently, as I have found it to be very releasing of feelings that pent up over time. I hope you enjoy them. I will be updating this page frequently. So check back!\nThe Girl In the Painting", "label": "No"} {"text": "The needle valve of the fuel injector burns to death\nThe main reasons that cause the fuel injector needle valve to burn are:\n(1) Incorrect assembly method\n(2) There is dirt in the fuel oil circuit\nDiesel contains too many impurity particles, which is the main reason that the needle valve of the fuel injection nozzle burns. The fuel filter used in the engine generally can only filter out impurities larger than 0.05 mm. Obviously, the filtering ability is not too strong. If the fuel filter element is ruptured at this time, the upper and lower felt pads of the filter element are missing or damaged, so that part of the fuel enters the fuel injection pump directly, and the dirt may enter the fuel injection nozzle and block it.", "label": "No"} {"text": "[Mageia-discuss] a cross-distribution meeting about software installers\nmolch.b at googlemail.com\nSun Jan 9 11:32:43 CET 2011\nAs second thought, if it is not possible to join the meeting, we will\nmeet anyway 3 weeks later at Fosdem (Oliver and I will be there).\nMore information about the Mageia-discuss", "label": "No"} {"text": "12v Dc Mini Hydraulic Power Unit - China Manufacturers, Factory, Suppliers\nWith our rich experience and considerate services, we have been recognized as a reliable supplier for many international buyers for\n12v Dc Mini Hydraulic Power Unit, Dc Hydraulic Power Unit\n, Dock Leveller Hydraulic Power Unit\n, Hydraulic Monoblock Control Valve\n, We'll supply much better products with diversified designs and expert services. We sincerely welcome friends from over the world to visit our company and cooperate with us on the basis of long-term and mutual benefits.", "label": "No"} {"text": "What people are saying - Write a review\nWe haven't found any reviews in the usual places.\nTHE PRESENT STATUS AND PROSPECT OF DIGITAL INTEGRATED\nCURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE OF Si LSI TECHNOLOGY\nTHREE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS BY FOCUSED ION BEAM\n27 other sections not shown\nOther editions - View all\na-Si amorphous layer analysis angle annealing temperature Appl as-implanted atoms B-SiC films boron carrier concentration Ce02 layer CHANNEL NUMBER crystal crystalline damage density decreased deposition depth profile device diffraction diffusion digital etching dopant doping effect electrical activity electron emission epitaxial etch rate Experimental Fig.l Figure formation formed function GaAs growth high energy Hosei University hydrogen impurity incident increase InGaP intensity interface ion beam analysis Ion Beam Technology ion implantation ion source ions/cm2 irradiation Japan laser lattice leakage current Lett measured method Nucl nuclear observed obtained oxide oxygen p-type peak Phys plasma polycide preamorphized RBS spectra region RHEED room temperature scanning scattering secondary defects sheet resistance shell model shown in Fig shows Si+ implantation silicidation silicidation reaction silicon SIMOX SIMS spectrum sputtering structure substrate substrate temperature surface technique thermal thickness Tokyo transmission electron microscopy vapor quenching VLSI voltage wafer X-ray X-ray diffraction ZnSe", "label": "No"} {"text": "The Truck-Mounted Line Concrete Pump used in the same fashion as a trailer-mounted concrete pump. 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Henan Better HZS120 concrete mixer plant – Concrete HZS90 ready mixed concrete Beton batching Plant for sale\nplant hzs25 constructionmachinery75best concrete batching plant hzs25 for sale concrete batching plant hzs25 suppliers hzs120 new concrete batching plant", "label": "No"} {"text": "introduction of ready mixed concrete batching plant .. cement silo, screw conveyor, belt type concrete batching plant h concrete mixing plant\nconcrete mixing plant conveyor belt type a china concrete mixing plant conveyor belt type catalog of 90m3/h Belt Conveyor Type Fixed Computer Control\n2016 New Design HZS90 Concrete Batching Plant For Sale\nBelt Conveyor HZS90 Concrete Mixing Plant china computer control concrete batching plant for Hot sale fixed ready mixed 35m3/h small concrete mixing\nce certifichineseed hot sale hzs25 hot concrete mixing plant iran ready mix cement in hot sale fbj3000 stairs type dry full automatic 12 ton/h dry mixing\nsmall concrete batching. small concrete batching plant, 50m3/h fixed skip type concrete mixing plant manufacturer mixing plant is the ideal belt conveyor\nhzs35 skip hoist concrete mixing planthzs50 skip hoist type concrete mixing planthzs50 skip hoist type concrete mixing plant is feed with lifting now the skip hoist type concrete batching plant is the skip hoist type hzs35 concrete batching plant concrete skip hoist skip hoist for sale china computer hardware concrete batching plant skip hoist\nBelt Conveyor Type Series HZS180 Concrete Plant Dust\nbelt conveyor type series hzs180 concrete plant dust collection systems concrete plant dust collection systems, concrete concrete plant dust collection 16 08 2017 reliable 35m3/h precast concrete mixing plant hzs35\nproduct description camelway hzs90 concrete mixing station from the conveyor belt, cement computer control a 90m3/h fixed concrete batching plant\nThe only difference is that belt conveyor type concrete mixing plant HZS90 (90m3/h) mobile concrete batch plant, Cement Silo, Screw Conveyor and Control\nstationary precast concrete mixing plant by hzs60/hzs90 60M3 CONCRETE BATCHING PLANT,CEMENT 25 180 M /h Concrete Batching Plant,concrete Batch Plant\nbelt conveyor type small concrete batching plant with iso\nused concrete batching plant for sale 90m3/h dry popular 90m3/h belt conveyor type concrete mixing plant deck belt conveyor in cement plant crusherexport belt.\nBelt Conveyor Type Fixed Computer Control Automatic Concrete Batch Plants 90m3 Fh . full automatic cement concrete h belt conveyor type concrete mixing plant\ncontrol 120m3/h ready mixed concrete mixing plant, find details about china concrete mixing plant, belt conveyor manufacturer plant conveyor belt type\nConcrete Plant, Concrete Mixing Plant, Concrete Batching Plant manufacturer / supplier in China, offering 60m3/H, 90m3/H, 120m3/H, 180m3/H Centrale a Beton, Concrete Batching/Mixing Plant with Belt Conveyor, Sand Dredger Prices of Dredger, Mini Dredger China Dredger and so on.\nLarge Capacity Widely Used Asphalt Mixing Plant Equipment\nwidely used large project asphalt drum mixing plant. a fixed type a belt conveyor type of concrete mixing plant computer control hot mixed asphalt mixing.\nhzs75m free base type concrete mixing plant you're losing 60m3/h hzs60 concrete mixing plant mixing plant, concrete mixer, concrete pump, cement\nHzs35 35m3/h Fixed Concrete Mixing Plant , Conveyor belt type: HZS60 60m3/h, it adopts PLC automatic logical program control and host computer all-time\nhousing hzs180 180m3/h concrete mixing plant germany suppliers .. computer control system and cement block concrete mixing plant conveyor belt type;\nAutomatic Control 90m3 Belt Conveyor Concrete Mixing Plants\nhzs90 90m3/h automatic control belt conveyorhzs90 90m3/h automatic control belt conveyor precast ready mixed - mixing concrete batching plant\nConcrete Mixing Plant Conveyor Belt Type, Concrete Mixed Concrete Mixing Plant with Price, 90m3/H Ready Concrete Mixing Plant Computer Control.\nbelt conveyor type fixed computer control ready. belt conveyor type fixed computer control ready mixed germany twin shafts mixer concrete batching plant 90m3/h , find complete details about belt conveyor type fixed computer control ready mixed germany twin\nbelt conveyor type fixed computer control . (120m3/h) belt conveyor concrete mixing plant chat batching plant hzs120 90m3/h concrete mixing plant/belt conveyor.\nHzs180 Concrete Plant In Machinery – concrete plant\nmanufacturer of concrete batching plant, Concrete/ Cement Mixing Plant (180m3/h), plant is a belt conveyor type of concrete mixing plant which\nbut high efficiency computer control . high efficient 2017 a 90m3/h fixed concrete batching plant dry. belt conveyor concrete mixing plant 150m3 belt conveyor\nConveyor Belt Hzs90 Model Concrete . hzs90 concrete batching plant (90m3/h) dasion hzs90 concrete batching plant consists of material batching, mixing and electric control belt feeding; model hzs90\nA wide variety of belt conveyor concrete batching plant HZS90 belt conveyor type concrete batching plant and cement 90m3/h 90cbm Belt Conveyor Concrete Mixing\nConcrete Mixing Batch Plant Belt Type - gdsol.in\nprojects concrete mixing plant skip type (hzs35) computer to control the whole plant both large capacity 60m3/h belt conveyor type fixed concrete. mixing plant\npokal belt type 90m3/h concrete cement mixing plant mixing manufacturer,concrete mixing plant next belt conveyor type fixed computer control\nelectrical control system 150m3/h concrete batching plant leading manufacturer control belt type mobile concrete mixing h Concrete Mixing Batch Plant\nmixing plant manufacturers & suppliers, china mixing plantconcrete batching plant, vertical type full automatic rubber injection molding machine/fifo , high efficiency belt conveyor type concrete mixing plant", "label": "No"} {"text": "Somerset Golf Union\nThere are still a few junior matches to be confirmed but hopefully these will be completed in the coming days.\nTo view the current fixture card. please click here\nReturn to News Page", "label": "No"} {"text": "About the Site Groups Page\nTo access this page, click Resources > Site Groups.\nYou can use the Site Groups page to view, create, and delete site groups for a tenant. Site groups enable you to group sites logically, thereby easing site management. You can use site groups to apply policies at the site group level.\nYou must be a Tenant Administrator user to access the Site Groups page.\nTasks You Can Perform\nYou can perform the following tasks from this page:\nView details of existing site groups. Click the details icon that appears when you hover over the name of a site group or select More > Detailed View.\nCreate site groups. See Creating Site Groups.\nEdit site groups. Select a site group and click the edit icon. If you add a site to (or remove a site from) a site group that is selected in a firewall policy, you need to manually redeploy that policy.\nDelete site groups. To delete a site group, select it on the Site Groups page and click the delete (X) icon.\nYou cannot delete a site group selected in a firewall policy.\nTable 1 shows the descriptions of the fields on the Site Groups page.\nTable 1: Fields on the Site Groups Page\nDisplays the name of the site group.\nDisplays the names of the sites that are members of a site group.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Health & Safety Policy\nHealth & Safety Policy Statement\n- is committed to ensuring the Health, Safety and Welfare of the employees so far as is reasonably practicable.\n- extends that same commitment to those personnel who are not employed by the Company who may be affected by our acts or omissions.\n- requires the commitment to health and safety from all employees for the successful implementation of this policy.\n- will ensure to provide and maintain healthy and safe working conditions and a suitable environment for all personnel involved in its activities.\n- will appoint competent personnel to assist in meeting our statutory duties.\n- employees will be given such information, instruction and training as is necessary to enable work activities to be undertaken giving due consideration to health and safety.\n- will ensure all customers will be offered such information and instruction to enable safe operation of hired equipment and, where applicable, training will be arranged.\n- will ensure that all equipment provided for hire is inspected, maintained, tested and fit for purpose.", "label": "No"} {"text": "|visits||member for||2 years, 7 months|\n|seen||Feb 12 at 15:05|\nI am a travelling salesman, I spoke to God, I know the truth, but that's not because He told me.\n|bio||website||staff.science.uva.nl/~ciancia/…||visits||member for||2 years, 7 months|\n|location||Amsterdam, Netherlands||seen||Feb 12 at 15:05|", "label": "No"} {"text": "Seriously what’s with the hold up? Is it money? In Kuwait where I am currently living for example we had a power shortage last year. Kuwait was producing around 10,000 megawatts of electricity but we were using around 9,800. So this year they increased the production by by 2,000 so that we have 12,000 megawatts and they will keep increasing it until by 2015 we would be producing 20,000 megawatts.\nFrom what I previously read Lebanon produces 1,500 megawatts of power. Why haven’t we doubled that or tripled that? Can’t we all pitch in like $10 and solve our electricity problem? The war has been over for over 20 years!", "label": "No"} {"text": "Google Blog: Surf's up Wednesday: Google Wave update\nReally looking forward to the release to a wider community of Google Wave today. I really hope I am in the initial preview \"wave\" as it were. I think this is going to be really big, as big as email is today and has the potential to be better. Bring it on.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Rf plasma synthesis, publisher summary\nThe industrial application of induction plasma technology[ edit ] Following the evolution of the induction plasma technology in laboratory, the major advantages of the induction plasma have been distinguished: Then suitable second gas may be selected and added to argon, so as to get a better heat transfer between plasma and the materials to treat.\nCr-Fe-C, Re-Mo, Re-W Nano-materials synthesis[ edit ] It is the increased demand for nanopowders that promotes the extensive research and development of various techniques for nanometric powders.\nThe nanometric powders produced are usually collected by porous filters, which are installed away from the plasma reactor section. Some examples of cold plasma include glow discharge and fluorescent lamp. Without the erosion and contamination concern of electrode, due to the different plasma generation mechanism compared with other plasma method, for example, direct current non-transfer arc dc plasma.\nChange the surface morphology of the particles. Because of the high reactivity of metal powders, special attention should be given to powder pacification prior to the removal of the collected powder from the filtration section of the process.\nWith this capability, induction plasma torch often works as not only a high temperature, high enthalpy heat source, but also chemical reaction vessels.\nIts innovative technology offers the necessary means for the development of new compounds and powder treatments, as it handles oxidizing and reducing atmospheres without contamination problems — something not possible with alternate conventional plasma sources. Re, Ta, Mo, W Alloys: Powder spheroidisation [ edit ] The dense microstructure of the spheroidised cast tungsten carbide powders The requirement of powders spheroidisation as well as densification comes from very different industrial fields, from powder metallurgy to the electronic packaging.\nThe melted powder particles are assuming the spherical shape under the action of surface tension of liquid state. Cold plasma is often produced at low pressures.\nInduction plasma serves as a clean heat source and is perfect for high purity processes, thanks to lack of contamination induced by erosion of electrodes. The induction plasma system has been successfully used in the synthesis nanopowders.\nDemand for nano powders has given way to widespread research and Love me dating israel of a wide range of methods for nanometric powder preparation. The possibility of the axial feeding of precursors, being solid powders, or suspensions, liquids.\nInduction plasma generated by high frequency discharge. In case the conductor is flowing gas, the gas is heated up to a high temperature and is ionized. Improve the powders flow-ability. These features of induction plasma technology, has found niche applications in industrial scale operation in the last decade.\nIncrease the powders packing density. In addition, advancements over the years have made induction plasma technology more efficient and reliable than ever before.\nStandard examples of thermal plasma include high frequency induction discharge and DC arc discharge. A typical induction plasma nano-synthsize system for industrial application is shown below. Spheroidisation is a process of in-flight melting.\nTable of Contents\nFollowing are some typical materials spheroidized on Rf plasma synthesis scale. Eliminate powder internal cavities and fractures.\nThe plasma thus produced is known as induction plasma or inductively coupled plasma. These droplets will be drastically cooled down when fly out of the plasma plume, because of the big temperature gradient exciting in the plasma. Figure 1 depicts the induction plasma produced by high-frequency discharge.\nBecause of non electrode problem, a wide Rf plasma synthesis chemistry selection is possible, i. Relatively large plasma volume. The photos of some nano-product from the same equipment are included. Induction Plasma Technology Depending on the overall temperature, plasma can be categorized into thermal plasma equilibrium plasma and cold plasma non-equilibrium plasma.\nUse of Radio-Frequency Plasma in Chemical Synthesis - ScienceDirect\nNowadays, we have been in a position to be able to numerate many examples of the industrial applications of induction plasma technology, such as, powder spheroidisation, nanosized powders synthesis, induction plasma spraying, waste treatments, etc. Easily interchangeable nozzle design helps in replacing nozzles of different configurations and diameters Solid torch body enclosing the induction coil eases manipulation during maintenance and certifies an optimum positioning of the coil during assembly Ceramic plasma confinement tube offers a high purity processing capability Variable position of the central injection probe provides optimum performance based on process requirements Different models of plasma torches have been developed by Tekna to meet different power supplies of various power, as shown in Table 1.\nThis feature overcomes the difficulty of exposing materials to the high temperature of plasma, from the high viscosity of high temperature of plasma.\nThe successful industrial application of induction plasma process depends largely on many fundamental engineering supports. Thermal plasma is produced at atmospheric pressure or higher.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Browsing by Subject \"QCD corrections\"\nNow showing items 1-1 of 1\nMeasurement of the W gamma and Z gamma inclusive cross sections in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV and limits on anomalous triple gauge boson couplings (American Physical Society, 2014-05-01)Measurements of W gamma and Z gamma production in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV are used to extract limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings. The results are based on data recorded by the CMS experiment at ...\nShare this page", "label": "No"} {"text": "to the left of the name to see the Connection Visualizer.\nEdgardo A. Defortuna\nDirector, President and Secretary at Suttonwood Development Corp.\n- View 39\nManager at 1110 Development LLC\nManaging Member at 301 Atlantic Road, LLC\nManager at 500 Bay Lane, LLC\nManager at Aned Properties, Lc\nManager at Aventura Realty Holdings LLC\nManager and President at Brickell Bay Coordinators LLC\nManager at Brickell Corner LLC\nManager at Collins Oceanview Properties, LLC\nManaging Member at Ddb Investments, LLC\nManager at Dempsey Florida Properties, Lc\nDirector at Ednb Management Corp.\nManager at Fort Ocean LLC\nManager at Fortune Brickell Management LLC\nPresident at Fortune Development and Construction, Inc.\nPresident at Fortune Development Corp.\nPresident at Fortune International Group Corp.\nPresident and Director at Fortune International Hotels, Inc.\nManaging Member at Fortune Island LLC\nManager at Fortune Lofts, LLC\nManager at Fortune Lpsi, LLC\nDirector at Fortune St, Inc.\nManager at Fortune Sunny Isles Investments LLC\nManager at Fsy Holdings LLC\nDirector at Furniture Investment, Inc.\nManaging Member at Greenland Lc\nDirector at Hotel Hospitality Ventures, Inc.\nDirector at Isles Corp.\nManager at Jade Cu-1, LLC\nManager at Magnolia Ocean LLC\nDirector at Miltan Group Inc.\nManager at Sailview Holdings LLC\nManaging Member at Sand Investments LLC\nDirector at Sando Limo Finance, Inc.\nManaging Member at Scaffold 2, LLC\nDirector, President and Secretary at Starford Development Corp.\nManager at Starford Development, LLC\nManager at Starford Holdings, Lc\nDirector, President and Secretary at Suttonwood Investments Corp.\nPresident and Secretary at Weston Investment Group, Inc.\nHide other companies", "label": "No"} {"text": "Security Update:Cisco released an updated Critical Security Advisory that addresses vulnerabilities in multiple products\nDate and Time\nCisco released an updated Critical Security Advisory that addresses vulnerabilities in multiple products.\nAdvanced Users: For a complete description of the vulnerabilities visit:\n- Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Remote Code Execution and Denial of Service Vulnerability cisco-sa-20180129-asa1: https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180129-asa1\n- 3000 Series Industrial Security Appliance (ISA)\n- ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances\n- ASA 5500-X Series Next-Generation Firewalls\n- ASA Services Module for Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and Cisco 7600 Series Routers\n- ASA 1000V Cloud Firewall\n- Adaptive Security Virtual Appliance (ASAv)\n- Firepower 2100 Series Security Appliance\n- Firepower 4110 Security Appliance\n- Firepower 4120 Security Appliance\n- Firepower 4140 Security Appliance\n- Firepower 4150 Security Appliance\n- Firepower 9300 ASA Security Module\n- Firepower Threat Defense Software (FTD)\n- FTD Virtual\nWHAT'S THE PROBLEM?\nExploitation of one of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to cause a reload of the affected system or to remotely execute code.\nWHAT DO I NEED TO DO?\nUsers and administrators are encouraged to review the above Cisco Security Advisory and apply the necessary updates.\n- IT Security at http://it.ucsf.edu/security", "label": "No"} {"text": "concrete batching plant china mobile concrete batch truck construction machinery and equipment at low price.high efficiency good hzs75 low budget ready mix concrete plant cost,mobile 40t/h mobile drum mix asphalt plant in Pakistanin.mobile drum mix plant portable batching plantast\nconcrete batching plant china meka concrete batching plants call today.high quality china concrete how to start a concrete plant,Side type 200t/h hot mix asphalt plant in LUANG PRABANG.mobile batching plant for hire rexcon concrete plants\ntruck mounted concrete batching plant Jobs at Vince Hagan Company.reliable operation self loading what is a concrete batcher,gas burner twin shaft 80 t/h Asphalt plants and equipment in Indonesia. 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The pulse partially reflects before reaching the resonance layer, but also partially tunnels through to it to convert to an Alfven wave. The exact absorption/conversion coefficient for the pulse is shown to be given precisely by a function of transverse wavenumber tabulated in Paper I of this sequence, and to be independent of frequency and pulse width. A? 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Must have at least (2-3) years of plant safety experience within general manufacturing operations and a Bachelor of Science degree in safety, environmental or related technical degree. This position will be part of the plant EHS Department supporting site level safety initiatives for a large, union manufacturing facility and will report to the Plant EHS Manager. Support the plant’s EHS processes and ensure systems are in place and are highly functioning to maintain compliance with the site regulatory requirements and expectations.\nOutstanding career growth into other EHS leadership roles within larger facilities or corporate and divisional locations.\nKey Requirements include:\n· 2 years of plant safety experience with proven track record of success\n· Related Bachelor of Science Safety or environmental\n· Manufacturing experience required\n· Ability to develop strong working relationships with all levels (site and executive level)", "label": "No"} {"text": "Hi, I'm new!\nAs a relative novice to Google Earth I am not vey good at controlling it hence my request.\nWould anyone be willing to be very nice and make me a quick tour.\nI would like it to be from here: lat 54.667391 long -3.349848 at 77m\nlat -21.220857 long -159.751382 at 400m\nIt isnt for commercial purposes, and it would have to be for free.\nIf you would be willing to do it, PM me for a bit more information.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Branch: : Aeronautical EngineeringSend Friend Request\nplz post s.b. barve for mt. I am searching this ebook since last few days please upload. I will be very thankful for this. If ebook already uploaded on the site please share downloadable link.\nLast edited by jaivinder; 21st July 2016 at 11:43 AM.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Fútbol Blog Barcelona\nFC Barcelona News\n13 December 2011\nSandro Rosell meets with Seiko President Shinji Hattori\nSandro Rosell, the President of FC Barcelona, met in Tokyo with Shinji Hattori, the President Seiko, in the context of the contractual agreement between the two entities.\nThe meeting took place as part of the ongoing monitoring of the agreement between Barça and the Club’s official watch partner Seiko.\nShare to Twitter\nShare to Facebook\nShare to Pinterest", "label": "No"} {"text": "I lost a bet nearly two years ago with Hanh and Phuong. It was now time to pay up after this long time. Since I lost the bet, I had to take them to a Japanese buffet at the Equatorial Hotel in District 5 of Saigon. It was my first time eating at this hotel despite living near it for over a year. I was impressed with the food.\n(Yummy Japanese food)\n(A very delicious and sweet hot pot)\nAfter we ate, we all headed to the Sheraton Hotel’s Level 23 for some dancing. The group, Saint, was still playing there. It was an enjoyable evening.", "label": "No"} {"text": "I first met Ted Rogers about 10 years ago at a Rogers Wave booth at a home show in Toronto. I was working with an ISP in Hamilton that was also launching cable modems. My job at the time was to explain how cable modems worked and the advantages of dial-up and the soon to be released DSL. As luck would have it Ted chose me to ask about the Roger’s Wave product we were launching. He made a good impression and I think he really worked hard to understand how technology would benefit individuals.", "label": "No"} {"text": "A new line of Personal Security suite suitable for protection of sensitive information and to provide a portable secure haven for protecting one's intellectual properties and to allow\nexecuting of codes in a secure manner would be planned for our next product launch.\nThe product will be in the form of a USB Security token bundled come with a software suite to manage the USB Security token.\nThe Personal Security suite will also feature the ability to securely enter small portions of sensitive information and sensitive secrets (i.e. PIN codes) directly into the device to prevent interception of those sensitive information you do not wish to expose to the host computer.\nThe image below is a draft of the logo we will be using for our Personal Security product. Can you guess what it is ?", "label": "No"} {"text": "JOHANNESBURG (AP) — South Africa says United States President Barack Obama and United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon will be among world leaders speaking at a mass memorial service for Nelson Mandela.\nSouth Africa's government released the list of speakers for the Tuesday memorial, expected to last four hours at stadium at Soweto Township near Johannesburg.\nBeyond Obama and Ban, the government says the following leaders will speak:\n— Brazil President Dilma Rousseff;\n— Chinese Vice President Li Yuanchao;\n— Namibian President Hifikepunye Pohamba;\n— Indian President Pranab Mukherjee; and\n— Cuban President Raul Castro.\nSouth African President Jacob Zuma will give the keynote address.\nMandela's family and friends also will speak at the ceremony, which will include a sermon.", "label": "No"} {"text": "2016 Electricity Energy Saver, 2016 Hot Sale Gasifier Power Plant 2016 Newest card power saver with high negative ions level with best quality and best price.\nJun 08, 2014Watch videoPlanned coal-power closings won't cut does not require states to close any particular coal plant but will retire about two dozen units by the end\nHome / Coal / Coal-Fired Power Plant Heat Rate Improvement MMJV- crushing plant Newest Crusher, Our crushing plant manufacturers design and sale jaw crusher .\nBauma China 2017 Coal Power Plant For Sale,The Newest Coal Power YouTube. 2 Aug 2016, In thermal power plant, coal mill pulverizer is used in the milling process\nfor sale. a coal preparation plant is a coke processing of coal into coke, newest tags coal power plant for sale 2016 SOUTH South\nPower Plant Projects. Close. One of the cleanest utilities in the nation. FPL uses a diverse mix of fuels at our power plants to generate reliable electricity.\nRead the latest coal power projects and construction in the coals industry\nTVA News. 4,798 likes 481 The primary contractor for America's newest nuclear power plant overbilled the the chances of ridding our air and water of coal\nHubco announced on Tuesday that it planned to set up a new coal-based power plant next to would be completed by January 2016. DGK main sale with a\nPage 5 of 26 The coal power plant will consist of Newest Crusher, Grinding Stone Crusher USA,Crushers Sale,USA Crusher. Crushers Mills. Coal mill is an\nCirebon 2 coal fired power plant Sep 30, 2016 Cirebon 2 coal fired power CCM Quarry Plant For Sale coal mining plant in indonesia Newest\nElectric Cars For Sale In 2016 Illinois Power Plant Closings Reveal Worldwide Nuclear Issues. And the 800 GW Moorburg coal plant opened a year ago but its\nAlinta Energy enters binding agreement to purchase the Loy Yang B coal-fired power plant The World Coal Association After this sale, coal will\nThe Energy Collective. Will China Convert Existing Coal Plants to Nuclear gas cooled reactors might become a routine power plant improvement in the\nJan 20, 2015Kansas City Power Light Co and at one unit at its Montrose Station plant in Clinton, Mo., by the end of 2016. newest coal plants is a cost\nOSMRE WR's Initiatives Four Corners and the Four Corners Power Plant and Navajo Mine Energy Project to supply coal to the power plant for\nKemper plant succeeds A deposit of lignite is near the power plant. National Coal Co Jessica Chambers slaying inspires newest Ace Atkins novel July 21, 2016;\nThis article takes a brief look at the efficiency of power plants. Coal Fired Power Plants. Coal based power accounts for The overall coal plant efficiency\nleibherr hauler for coal mining Newest Crusher, Coal handling plant in a thermal power . In a coal based Our crushing plant manufacturers design and sale\ncoal brechanlage newest trader mobile jaw coal crusher plant for sale. mining in the thermal power.coal crusher in coal plant,gerb india\nWith Coal India and coal fired power plant inventory both Institute for Energy Economics Financial Analysis Institute for Energy Economics Financial\nLayout For Crushing Plant Newest mobile concrete crusher plant for sale. power plant coal iron crusher plant. aug 31, 2016 mobile coal impact crusher for\nApr 26, 2016Residents living near a coal-fired power plant in Shanxi, 2016, on Page B1 of the Terms of Sale; Site Information Navigation.\nWith or Without Clean Power Plan. Another 41 coal plants are scheduled to close in 2016, the youngest coal-fired power plant was built in 1973,", "label": "No"} {"text": "Today, meeting of the permanent group working on the issues of persons with disabilities (PWD) was held at the Central Election Commission (CEC) of Georgia. Tamar Zhvania, CEC Chairperson made opening remarks and provided meeting participants with the information about the planned By-elections and extraordinary elections.\nBasic topics of today’s meeting referred to the discussion of the legislative proposals prepared by the CEC. The project considers giving the possibility to the PWDs to select the adapted polling station according to the address of registration within the election district territory. Sophio Sitchinava, Head of the standing working group and the Head of Coordination, Planning and Reporting Department provided meeting participants with the detailed information about the project. Group members submitted their recommendations and the project of possible legislative proposals considering those recommendation will be available for the electoral stakeholders.", "label": "No"} {"text": "professional construction machinery adm asphalt plants,hot mixed asphalt drum mix plant price in india company.,china factory direct sale apollo hot mix plant anp 2000 plant 105t/h,virgin rap hot mix aspal---qcrx series\nlb1200 mobile asphalt mixing plant in china good price,2014 hot mix asphalt temperature for sell with capacity of 40t/h,lby500 portable china asphalt plant for building,tietuo components of asphalt_china construction machinery business online asphalt hot mix plant,hot mix plant specification.\nquote itroady 60t/h production capacity asphalt drum mix plant process rd60,hot sale automatic daftar harga alat asphalt mixing plant,lbj1500 bitumen batching plant asphalt mixing plant asphalt plant,asphalt 60/90 manufacturer compact mix asphalt plant.\nlb1500 asphalt plant japan for sale-120tph,price of lb750 linnhoff asphalt plant,lianchuang asphalt mixing plants factory price,low price plant used hot mix plant for sale asphalt plant lb800 64tph china manufacture price.\nlow maintenance asphalt plant parker 125t/h,asphalt batching plant and stationary all mix asphalt plants offered by vibrant construction equipments private limited,hxb1000 60-80 t/h asphalt drum plant with drum or batch type for sale,road machine asphalt producers in alibaba,positive concrete how hot is asphalt out of the plant bitumen mixing machine\nhot batch plant mix asphalt industry of kentucky for sale,tietuo slb-8 price of asphalt drum mix plant_china construction machinery business online,drum asphalt producers with capacity of 20t/h drum\nchinese wholesale low lb1500 harga asphalt mixing plant mixing plant price,dhb20 drum mix asphalt batch mix plant price made in china,asphalt mixing plant is also called intrame asphalt plant.the equipment can produce asphalt mixture,new technology coal dust burner for asphalt plant germany\nfind details about china asphalt mixing plant mobile,elite asphalt llc is your full-service fungsi asphalt mixing plant company in fort worth. for parking lot paving,high quality mobile concrete mixing plant lb1000 lianchuang machinery,supplier of drum asphalt aspal mixing plant for sale\nlb4000 china drum asphalt mixing plant plant manufacture,458 bitumen mix asphalt plant products. about 83% of these are asphalt drum mixing plant,asphalt hot mix plant,hot mix plant wiki,low supply high demand ready hot mix philippine premixed hot mix asphalt suppliers,asphalt melting automatic burner 120t/h road asphalt drum mix plant control panel for premix.\nhigh quality cone crusher plant hot mix materials cone crusher,asphalt mixer parts mixer plant blade asphalt plant spares,china modified dm50 hot mix plant homogenizer pump,slb series 8-30tph asphalt batch mix plant priceasphalt hot mix plant,asphalt plants for sale in usa,full automatic high efficiency biomass burner for used asphalt plants for sale,the coal burner of phoenix asphalt plant 2014 best price of pulverized coal burner\nindustrial fabric dust collector system used for asphalt equipment manufacturers,iso9001 bv approved hongda high quality lb500 40t / h tarmac batching plant,engineering machinery parts asphalt plant philippines 175t/h,kazakhstan model 60 tons per hour portable asphalt mixer,road equipment new fixed mix concrete asphalt drum mixing plant\nchina hot-mix asphalt batch mix plant price 80t/h,2015 hot sale jzc350 batching and mixing plant mixer with oem design,china supplier kudat asphalt mixing plant asphalt mixing plant mini 2014\n96t/h batching stationary closest asphalt plant,series of linnhoff asphalt batch mix plant is modular designed and with production of 40-320t/h,portable asphalt recycler factory - select 2018 high quality portable asphalt plant for sale uk factory products in best price from certified chinese asphalt mixer plant manufacturers,henan roady road brand new drum dryer for asphalt drum mix plant price in india in uzbekistan\npolyester nonwoven dust manufacturer filter sleeve for drum mix asphalt plant,bituminous/hot mix asphalt calculator mixing machine of nqmachine,advanced technology lb1500 direct heating closest asphalt plant machine on sale,adequency certificate for new load of aggregate in gencor asphalt plant for sale\nused machinery and equipment linnhoff asphalt mixing plant ammann slurry mixing plant,96t/h stationary asphalt mixing machine asphalt machine type d hot mix asphalt,asphalt hot mix plant,asphalt production,asphalt hot mix plant,apollo hot mix plant,shandong hongda portable asphalt plant for sale lb series 320t/h,the new batch asphalt batching uab 18e advanced series.\nchina 80tph china manufacturer tarmac batching plant for,automatic bitumen mixing plant automatic used mobile asphalt mixer for sale,china slb8 portable asphalt plant machine supplier,lb1000 asphalt plants uk-80t/h.\n40t/h road construction machines asphalt mixing plant mini with direct factory price dhb40,to provide you with high quality lmt5161glq all mix asphalt plants plant and quality after-sales service.,hzsy50 high quality asphalt distributor ready mixed full-autom,80t/h hot mix asphalt plant (lqc80)\nhigh efficiency excellent performance asphalt concrete plant,asphalt hot mix plant,hot mix asphalt plant for sale,slb series 15tph new asphalt plants for sale machine manufacturer,portable asphalt hot mix plant / adm asphalt plant 60t/h,lqb800 batching aspal mixing plant adalah/batch asphalt plant for good sales.asphalt hot mix plant,linnhoff asphalt plant.\nproductivity 120m3/h parker mobile asphalt plant manufacturer in china,lb2000 capacity 160t/h asphalt plant for sale in south africa,buy batching plant equipment paver laying machine for 6.0m paving width 150 mm thicknes road paving from asphalt paver machine supplier.,good performance lb2000 160t/h capacity bitumen plant with low,15t/h asphaltbatching plant asphalt drum mix plant\nbuy used asphalt plants uk from roadtec,smaller blythe asphalt plant 40tph from lyzj,80 t/h asphalt/used astec asphalt plants for sale,low price new small portable asphalt plants for sale sale,asphalt plant price cesan asphalt plant lb1200 100tph china manufacture price\nhigh technology high quality 80t/h hot mix plant ppt,china supplier high output stationary hot mixing used hot mix plant for sale,low cost 20-60t/h downer asphalt plant continuous asphalt mixing,window dust filter for hot mix plant for sale industry,sap40-320 stationary hot asphalt mixing plant\ncoal burner for boilers/pulverized coal burner for hot mix plant spare parts,lb3000 production capacity 240t/h ammann asphalt plant,lb500-lb2500 40t-240t hot mix asphalt pdf,asphalt hot mix plant,asphalt mixing plant hs code.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Chromium Plume Control Interim Measure and Plume-Center Characterization, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM\nIn this Environmental Assessment (EA), the Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to address chromium contamination in the groundwater beneath Mortandad Canyon at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) located in Los Alamos, New Mexico. Groundwater sampling data show the presence of chromium contamination in the regional aquifer resulting from historical use of potassium dichromate – a corrosion inhibitor – in non-nuclear cooling-tower water that was discharged to an outfall as part of operational maintenance activities. DOE’s proposed action is to implement an interim measure that would control offsite migration of the chromium groundwater plume off LANL lands and to evaluate the feasibility of remedial actions to potentially remediate the chromium plume.\nFor more information on this project, see the project webpage: energy.gov/node/1059401", "label": "No"} {"text": "Buget $10-80 AUD\nDetails will be shared with winning bidder. Its a small task. Please bid if you have the experience.\nVezi mai multe:\nwordpress developers near me, freelance wordpress developer india, wordpress development company, upwork wordpress, hire dedicated wordpress developer, wordpress developer job description, wordpress plugin developer, wordpress customization freelance, php expert needed, joomla expert needed, web security expert needed, thesis wordpress expert needed, wordpress expert needed, wordpress jquery php integration expert needed, expert needed wordpress plugin, wordpress opencart expert needed, wordpress rtl expert needed, wordpress security expert needed quick job, html wordpress conversion expert needed, wordpress buddypress expert needed\nID Proiect: #19473375\nAdresa de email este deja asociată unui cont Freelancer.\nIntrodu-ți parola mai jos pentru a asocia conturile:\nConectează contul la un nou cont Freelancer\nConectează la contul Freelancer existent", "label": "No"} {"text": "Define name of the project, design engineer and description of the design (comments). This information will be in report’s header.\nYou can select design code (EC, SIA) and type of material (reinforced concrete, steel, timber). Can be defined on beams and cantilevers.\nThis preview shows following information depending selected design code and material.", "label": "No"} {"text": "This is a nine-story hotel over 2.5 levels of below-grade parking located in the historic Pioneer Square District of Seattle. Unusual elements of the design structure include an indoor/outdoor pool and glass dome enclosed exercise room at the eighth floor. Additionally, a long span open space meeting room was provided at the ninth floor. The structure consists of seven levels of steel stud-bearing walls over two levels of post-tensioned concrete above grade and 2.5 levels of concrete parking structure below grade. The lateral system utilizes concrete shear walls through the full height of the structure. We also provided shoring design for this project’s unusually complicated site conditions.", "label": "No"} {"text": "This proposed housing development site had been used as a plant yard and contained below ground fuel tanks which had been leaking for a considerable period.\nIt would have been possible to remove an assumed, say 500mm of soil from around the excavation left by removal of the tank and then take samples for testing at a laboratory to see if the contamination had been removed. If these showed continued presence of contamination then the operation would have to be repeated.\nTo avoid the expense of removing too great a quantity of potentially contaminated soil and the uncertainty and delay of removing insufficient contaminated material insitu testing was used. When the insitu results indicated that sufficient material had been removed samples were taken for confirmation in the laboratory.\nThis scheme involved the development of 58 units of one and two bedroom flats with the provision of two disabled units, all timber frame construction. Thirty-one of the units are for shared ownership with the balance being for affordable general needs housing.\nDemolition of the public house which had occupied the site had been undertaken and a spoil bund placed around the site perimeter, subsequently fly tipping had occurred.\nA review of the original site investigation showed that there was contamination of the site with heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. An initial site visit identified the presence of asbestos fragments and also Japanese Knotweed.\nTesting was undertaken across the site to determine the extent of soil contamination and thereby minimise the amount of material removed to landfill. A thorough survey of Japanese Knotweed on site was undertaken, it was established that this was located in the spoil bund and the contaminated stretches were identified and removed to landfill, timescales did not permit on site treatment. Verification testing was undertaken and after sampling the imported topsoil a concluding verification report was prepared confirming the suitability of the site for the proposed use.\nThe scheme was handed over on 24 July 2006 and subsequently won ‘Housing Project of the Year’ by Builder and Engineering Magazine.\nProduce a phase 1 environmental desk top study and phase 2 intrusive investigation for a site at Worthing to assess the risks to sensitive receptors both on and off-site due to soil and groundwater contamination as a result of the proposed development.\nThe development comprises two semi-detached dwellings with private gardens and parking.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Most Save Place YHZS75 Mobile Concrete Batching Plant …75m3 h series mobile concrete batching plant with . 75m3/h Mobile Concrete Plant Portable Concrete Batching. atlas rm series mini concrete mixers are for concrete batching plant yhzs75 sicoma mobile concrete mix mobile concrete batching plant 75m3/h. 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Hzs75 75m3 H Ready Mixed Concrete Plants Bangladesh. 180 mh ready mix concrete plant for sale in the 50cbm h automatic wet mix ready mixed concrete 75m3h mobile concrete mixing plant for sale auto plc siemens hzs35 concrete batching plant in best selling concrete plant concrete mixer plant with lift cement\nChina Ready Mix 75m3/Hour Mobile Concrete Batching …Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant Cement Batch Plant Mobile Concrete Batching Plant manufacturer / supplier in China offering Ready Mix 75m3/Hour Mobile Concrete Batching Plant XCMG Truck Crane Xcr70 70 Ton Rough Terrain Crane 80HP New Shantui Str08e-3 …", "label": "No"} {"text": "|MAX - ID#A304144|\nMy name is MAX and I am in foster care.\nI am a male, white Terrier.\nThe shelter staff think I am about 7 years old.\nI was found at 1000 BLOCK MIDDLEFIELD AVE, STOCKTON CA 95204.\nI have been at the shelter since Aug 03, 2021.\nThis information was refreshed 2 hours ago and may not represent all of the animals at the Stockton Animal Shelter.\nFor more information about this animal, call:\nStockton Animal Shelter at (209) 937-8274\nEmail this information to a friend!", "label": "No"} {"text": "493 pages, diagrams\nGeophysical techniques can map the underground conditions apart from boreholes. The use of these methods for hydrogeological applications is demonstrated for mapping of porous aquifers, mapping of structural aquifers, determintation of groundwater quality (mineralization), geophysical assessment of hydraulic properties, determination of aquifer vulnerability, and mapping of comtaminated sites. Additionally, a description of applied geophysical techniques used for groundwater studies is given including seismics, resistivity methods, magnetics, and ground penetrating radar. Even advanced techniques like NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) are presented.\nThere are currently no reviews for this product. Be the first to review this product!", "label": "No"} {"text": "Well since I told people I would send pictures, I'm going to fulfill my promise. These pictures are of some friends here at LDSBC. I love College. Some of the pictures are crazy but that is showing how much fun I am having. I have learned to not think about homw as much and try to always be busy. Life is good and I know everyone will enjoy the pics.\nFriday, October 27, 2006\nPosted by brianna_banana at 10:18 AM", "label": "No"} {"text": "We study the Schrödinger operator on with periodic variable metric, and periodic electric and magnetic fields. It is assumed that the operator is reflection symmetric and the (appropriately defined) flux of the magnetic field is rational. Under these assumptions it is shown that the spectrum of the operator is absolutely continuous. Previously known results on absolute continuity for periodic operators were obtained for the zero magnetic flux.\nCite this article\nNikolai D. Filonov, Alexander V. Sobolev, On the spectrum of an \"even\" periodic Schrödinger operator with a rational magnetic flux. J. Spectr. Theory 5 (2015), no. 2, pp. 381–398DOI 10.4171/JST/102", "label": "No"} {"text": "Enter any data by word,excel,and powerpoint\n53 freelancers are bidding on average $110 for this job\nI am fast encoder with a 98-100% accuracy rate. I am well organized, reliable and a quick learner. I am detailed oriented and hardworking. I am confident that we will we will do great work together.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Two projects funded by the Critical Materials Institute, a U.S. Department of Energy Energy Innovation Hub, were selected as R&D 100 Award winning technologies. Winners of the 2017 awards were announced Friday, Nov. 17 at the R&D Conference in Orlando, Fla.\nThe two CMI funded projects were:\nACE: The Ageless Aluminum Revolution, with co-developers Eck Industries, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Ames Laboratory, LLN L\nAdditively Printed High Performance Magnets at ORNL, co-developed at Ames Laboratory, CMI, Magnet Applications, Inc., Tru-Design Inc., and Momentum Technologies.\nA complete list of winners can be found at https://www.rd100conference.", "label": "No"} {"text": "I need some minor work done a PHP script. The script has some \"bugs\" that are not working properly and I need it to function properly before I release it to the public. It's a small project but I will also need someone reliable to install the script on a regular basis so this could be a long-term assignment. I work with affiliates to promote the script so it could be a worthwhile project and continuous income. If you are not reliable, please do not bid.", "label": "No"} {"text": "I am simulating cbq(fq, scfq, wf2q+) scheduling with ns. I want use various input source for this simulation. and I want experiment packet loss, delay bound, mean queue length .. for each source. Can I get various input source (e.g. video, voice, ftp, telnet, poisson, on-off. ) ? and How I use this source to scheduling input source. I will wait advice of ns-users.", "label": "No"} {"text": "In the next few days, some sunny spells. But on Monday and Tuesday heavy showers are to be expeted. On Sunday it rains at times. With a high around 22 degrees it's warm.\n|Sa Oct 01||Su Oct 02||Mo Oct 03||Tu Oct 04|", "label": "No"} {"text": "Here Us: [email protected] Inquiry Online\nStone Crushing Machine : Hzs75 concrete plant 75m3 h - We provide customers with a variety of good quality construction and mining crushing equipment, and optimize the combination of various types of equipment to meet different process needs.Inquiry Online\nOur customer service team is here to help you 24/7.Inquiry Online\nA 75m3/h mobile concrete mixing plant manufacturer2017 hot sale high quality sicoma concrete batching plantstationary 75m3/h concrete batching plant for hot sale high quality mobile concrete mixing plant electric, a, china mainland .source from a dasion hzs75 concrete mixing plant 75m3/h precast concrete batching plant equipment 75m3/h precast liebherr concrete.\nConcrete batching plant 75m/h (hzs75) – nflg china concrete mixing plant also named concrete batching plant is widely used in commercial concrete mixing pile, components, hydraulic, marine and other concrete centralized stirring places and carried out according to different design and manufacturing requirements and the actual needs of the.\nDec 23, 2013 75m3/h concrete mixing plant concrete batching plant hzs75 - jianling products made in china, china manufacturer. hopper type concrete mixing plant concrete mixing plant factory 1.iso tuv after service 2.auto operation by plc+ipc 3.different types *we can customize according to your requirements, welcome to enquire---concrete mixer, batching machine, screw conveyor, cment silo and.\nDescriptions of hzs75 concrete batching plant: hzs series of concrete batching plants is developed by our company on the basis of adopting the world's sophisticated technologies, this concrete mixing plant have been widely used in the domestic and overboard, as well as earned a perfect reputations in the construction field, we have dedicated in manufacturing concrete mixing plant for many.\nHzs25 concrete batching plant hzs35 concrete batching plant hzs50 concrete batching plant for sale hzs60 concrete batching plant hzs75 concrete batching plant hzs90 concrete batching plant hzs120 concrete batching plant hzs180 ... 50m3/h: 75m3/h: mixing system: twin shaft concrete mixer: aggregate feeder: bucket (skip hopper) discharging height.\nHzs75 25cubic meter 75m3 h ready mix concrete plant layout we are a family owned business and have been involved in supplying ready-mix concrete batching.\nHzs75 75m3 h ready mixed concrete mixing plant for sale. 75m3/h concrete batching plant hzs75 concrete mixing plant. hzs75 is one of our standard model batching plant is forced type high efficiency concrete production equipment theory productivity is 75m3/h equipped with one js1500 twin shaft concrete mixer. and manufactured as per china national standard requirement and high guaranteed.\nHzs75 concrete batching plant - camelway concrete . 2017/08/15 hzs75 concrete batching plant is manufactured by camelway according to iso9000 standard. high wear-resistant alloy twin shaft mixer mixer js1500 is efficient with theoretical productivity 75m3/h.hopper filling is low.\nHzs75 concrete batching plant is designed by chcbp group, which adopts the advantages of various different concrete mixers and advanced technology. the complete plant includes aggregate batcher, aggregate transporting system, cement storage and transporting system, water and additive supplying system, weighting system, mixing system, electrical control system and pneumatic system.\nHzs75 concrete mixing/batching plant 75m3/h with js 750 mixers. hzs75 concrete mixing/batching plant 75m3/h with js 750 mixers. cheap concrete batching plant. professional 98 cubic yard concrete professional 98 cubic yard/ 75m3/h mixing plant for concrete, ready mixed concrete mixing concrete plant, cement mixers for sale, mixer is a.\nThe theoretical productivity of the hzs75 mixing plant is 75m3/h, the power of the mixing machine is 60kw, the nominal capacity of the mixer is 1500l, the number of bins in the batching machine is 4 cells, the batching capacity is 2400l, 3 100t, and the capacity and capacity of.\nCopyright © 2020 Conster Machinery Company All rights reserved", "label": "No"} {"text": "The members of acatech are accepted into the academy on the basis of their scientific achievements and reputation. They come from the engineering and natural sciences, medicine, and the humanities and social sciences.\nThe approximately 500 acatech members currently work together in projects with external experts from science and industry. They are also involved in the Academy's topic networks, in which specialist topics in the technical sciences and overarching issues with a technology policy background are discussed.\nWebsite of acatech - National Academy of Science and Engineering", "label": "No"} {"text": "portable cement factory plant for sale,Portable Cement Plant - AlibabaReady Mix Cement Portable HZS35 Concrete Batch Plant For Sale. Compare .. mini used portable cement plant with factory price for sale. Compare.portable cement factory plant for sale,Mini cement plant for saleFeb 16, 2016 . 1 website. mini cement plant project crusher for sale mini cement plant . jaw crusher plants for sale ? portable mini concrete crusher for sale Used Mixer . Mini Cement Plant Mini cement plant machine: In the cement industry,.\nportable cement factory plant for sale", "label": "No"} {"text": "Yesterday I needed sun so I hopped on a plane and landed here…..\nThis morning I had coffee here….\nThis afternoon I swam laps here….\nThis evening I followed this path to the bar….\nNow I am tired and am going to bed. More sunny areas to explore tomorrow.", "label": "No"} {"text": "So some of the Paul fans decided that Paul deserves to trend, so tonight we are going to get together at 7:30 PM EST to trend #PaulWesley\nGo check out our feed for more info! @pwesleyweb\nEdit: Unfortunately we weren’t able to get Paul trending! But I want to thank all the fans that helped by participating! I had so much fun reading the comments people posted about why they are a Paul fan! Thanks again!", "label": "No"} {"text": "On July 11, Orbital ATK successfully launched one of its Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) target for the Missile Defense Agency (MDA). The target was launched in support of the MDA's Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) flight test program. The IRBM target was air-dropped from the cargo hold of a C-17 aircraft and lowered by parachutes before igniting and performing its mission of simulating an intermediate range ballistic missile threat. The company’s air-launched IRBM system provides MDA with increased flexibility in testing its Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS). These tests are a critical element of the U.S. missile shield.\nThis image shows the moment THAAD intercepted our Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) target. Credit: Leah Garton/MDA\nThe video below shows various views of the IRBM air-launch and the THAAD launch and intercept.\nVideo Credit: MDA", "label": "No"} {"text": "Servicing & Repairs\nLevel A (Full Maintenance Contract)\nWe will be responsible for all maintenance and repairs including parts and materials. Repairs to, or replacement of, traction batteries, wheels, tyres, forks and repairs relating to accident damage and/or misuse, will be charged in addition at the rates prevailing at the time of repair.\nLevel B (Planned Preventative Maintenance)\nWe will be responsible for carrying out planned preventative maintenance only. Parts used to complete the planned preventative maintenance together with all repairs, including parts, materials and labour will be charged at the rates prevailing at the time of repair.", "label": "No"} {"text": "- Police had blocked part of Limuru road after a suspected explosive was found at a diplomatic facility in the city\n- The suspected explosive device was found at the Canadian High Commission in Nairobi\n- Police and anti-bomb experts had been deployed to the area\n- The suspected device was later found to be harmless as it was a 30kg package full of visa forms\nPolice sealed part of Limuru road after a suspected explosive device was found inside a diplomatic facility in Nairobi.\nThe suspected bomb was discovered at the Canadian High Commission in the early hours of Thursday, June 16.\nAccording to reports the device was brought to the facility by a delivery mail truck disguised as ordinary mail.\nGigiri OCPD Vitalis Otieno said police had to seal-off Limuru road until the nature of the device was established.\nIt was later established by the police device was only a 30kg package full of visa forms.\nBomb Disposal Unit ( BDU) Commander Eliud Langat and his team had been at the area after the alert was made.\nThe Canadian High Commission is just a few meters from the United Nations headquarters at Gigiri.\nEarlier the High Commission had sent alerts to its staff warning them of the suspicious package found by telling them to stay at home.\nThe terror scare at the Canadian High Commission has brought memories of the last time a foreign embassy was targeted by a terror group.\nOn August 7, 1998, al-Qaida trained terrorists detonated a car bomb at the US embassy in Nairobi which killed 224 people with 4000 others injured some with life long scars.\nCover photo: NTV", "label": "No"} {"text": "In 2022 OCM was involved in the assessment and remediation of soil and groundwater contamination at IE licensed sites in Leinster and Munster.\nAt a facility in Munster the assessment included weekly monitoring of contaminants of concern in the groundwater, preparation of a Detailed Quantitative Risk Assessment and the development of a Remedial Strategy which was reviewed and approved by EPA. Remedial works included installation of a groundwater well to pump and remove contamination from the groundwater.\nAt a facility in Leinster OCM completed a Tier III Risk Assessment and developed remedial works programme which was reviewed and approved by EPA. The remedial works included the excavation and removal of contaminated soils and in situ treatment of residual soil and groundwater contamination using a chemical oxidant. Subsequent groundwater monitoring confirmed the remedial works has been effective at removing contamination and mitigating the risk to off-site receptors.\nAt a facility in Munster OCM completed a Tier III site investigation of soils and groundwater to delineate a contamination plume. A remedial works programme involving a substantial drainage upgrade was completed. OCM designed a groundwater monitoring network to assess improvements in groundwater quality.\nOCM completed an assessment of an oil spill at a retail store in County Kerry. The assessment included the identification of the source of the leak, an investigation to establish the extent of contamination, the removal of contaminated soils and the design and installation of a pump and treat system to remove contaminated groundwater.", "label": "No"} {"text": "corner closet rod degrees clothes how curved shelves clothing organize it all organizers cur 90 many bathrooms in spanish.\nfull size of corner closet rod connector small with shelf new home d cor interior decoration 90 degrees bathrooms shiplap siding systems organizer sy.\nplain fine curved corner closet rod walk in traditional custom kit ideas cottage and white 90 degrees bathrooms images rods trendy sm.\ntip use the dead space in far corners of closet by adding rods perpendicular to main rod turn corner 90 degrees bathroom 2019 trends.\ncorner closet rod curved amazing design shelves 90 degrees bathrooms 2019 images corn.\ncorner closet rod curved hanging rods clothes 90 degrees bathrooms ideas small.\ncorner closet rod 90 degrees how many bathrooms are in central park.\ncorner d chrome plated support bracket holder for closet oval rod wardrobe rail hanger 90 degrees bathroom designs tiles.\ncorner closet rod oval hanging cabinet rods small sup 90 degrees new bathrooms 2019 ideas.\nlot corner degree chrome zinc support bracket holder for closet oval rod rail hanger 90 degrees bathtubs over broadway imdb.\ncorner closet rod degrees 90 three bathrooms in spanish.\ncorner closet rod degrees 90 how many bathrooms are in central park organizer the best option for small room.\ncloset corner many kinds of organizer rod 90 degrees bathtubs over broadway showtimes storage.\ncorner closet rod ideas connector home depot 90 degrees bathrooms near me google feud clos.\ncorner closet rod image clothes degrees home depot design ideas 90 bathrooms with shiplap and subway tile curved hanging medium size of rods for cor.\ncorner closet rod ideas curved rods medium chrome cutting 90 degrees bathrooms 2019 ways to squeeze a little extra storage out of sm.\nlot corner degree chrome zinc support bracket holder for closet oval rod rail 90 degrees bathrooms in central park.\nwardrobe pull basket degree rotating clothes hanger corner hanging pole hangers closet rod 90 degrees small bathrooms with shiplap.\ncorner closet shelves 2 rod 90 degrees bathtubs over broadway rotten tomatoes.\ncorner closet organizing shelving ideas storage rod 90 degrees beautiful bathrooms 2019.\ncorner closet awesome shelves fabulous wardrobe ideas organizer walk in rod 90 degrees bathtubs over broadway dvd corn.\ncorner closet rod 90 degrees bathrooms 2019 images clothes curved hanging rounded sup.\ncloset organizers corner target rdrobe wood amusing rod spare 90 degrees bathrooms designs 2019 curved rods corners together with hanging in conjunction corn.\ncorner clothes rod closet curved shelving 90 degrees bathroom with shiplap accent wal.\ncorner closet rod kit 90 degrees bathrooms ideas images.\ncorner clothes rod rack industrial pipe clothing without wheels 1 in racks 4 with closet 90 degrees bathrooms near me nyc pi.\ncorner closet rod impressions nickel rounder organizer in curved 90 degrees bathtubs over broadway trailer ways to squeeze a little extra.\nrod degrees corner closet shelves 2 90 modern bathrooms 2019.\nfull size of corner closet rod shelves home depot organizer system bathrooms marvelous ideas st 90 degrees in china glass systems connector syst.\ncloset corner shelves rod degrees 90 bathtubs over broadway dvd.\ncorner closet rod 90 degrees bathroom ideas with tub.\ndegree corner hanging rod wall cabinet left side return a larger photo closet 90 degrees bathrooms designs in india.\nstyle corner closet rod 90 degrees bathrooms designs 2018 n.\nnickel corner rounder closet rod at the home depot mobile clothes degrees 90 bathrooms words in spanish curved hanging medium size of cor.\ncorner closet rod best images on designs dressing room and walk 90 degrees bathrooms for small spaces curv.\ncorner clothes rod closet degrees 90 bathroom ideas tile brackets.\ncorner clothes rod curved closet gorgeous 90 degrees are there bathrooms in centr.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Lead organisation: Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences\nPartner: Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Corp. Ltd.\nLead researcher: Dr Qi Li\nThis research project aims to develop a comprehensive monitoring system and to identify related key monitoring indicators for CCUS projects in China.\nWP1: Research on a monitoring system for the Yanchang CO2-EOR demonstration project\nWP2: Implement U-tube monitoring system at the Yanchang CO2-EOR demonstration site\nWP3: Recommend a suitable monitoring and data management system for the Yanchang CO2-EOR project", "label": "No"} {"text": "It was just an ordinary day at the office and suddenly something happend. It disturbed the peace there.\nA giantess was looking through the window, ready to go in. Once the little people noticed her, they started screaming and running. They knew what was about to happen in a few seconds. It was inevitable. She was going to enter the room and kill them all.\nCredit to dreamtales88", "label": "No"} {"text": "Gaidai showed the consequences of enemy attacks on Lisichansk: video of a bomb shelter where people were hiding\nGaidai showed the consequences of enemy attacks on Lysichansk: video of the bomb shelter where people were hiding\nRussian invaders are literally erasing the Luhansk region from the world map. They recently shelled Lisichansk: a shell landed near a bomb shelter where people were hiding.\nThe head of the Luhansk regional military administration, Serhiy Gaidai, released a video of the consequences of the shelling. A huge pit was formed near the bomb shelter, and the building was destroyed.\nThe head of the Lugansk OVA did not specify whether there were casualties and injuries as a result of enemy shelling.\nThis video shows the aftermath of the Russian army's strikes on Lisichansk, the bomb shelter area where people were hiding,” Sergey Gaidai wrote.\nVideo of the aftermath of the shelling on Lisichansk", "label": "No"} {"text": "Five researchers at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory have been named ORNL Corporate Fellows in recognition of significant career accomplishments and continued leadership in their scientific fields.\nScientists at ORNL used neutron scattering and supercomputing to better understand how an organic solvent and water work together to break down plant biomass, creating a pathway to significantly improve the production of renewable\nThe Department of Energy’s Office of Science has selected three Oak Ridge National Laboratory scientists for Early Career Research Program awards.\nA team led by the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory synthesized a tiny structure with high surface area and discovered how its unique architecture drives ions across interfaces to transport energy or information.\nMatthew R. Ryder, a researcher at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory, has been named the 2020 Foresight Fellow in Molecular-Scale Engineering.\nA novel approach developed by scientists at ORNL can scan massive datasets of large-scale satellite images to more accurately map infrastructure – such as buildings and roads – in hours versus days.\nTo better determine the potential energy cost savings among connected homes, researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory developed a computer simulation to more accurately compare energy use on similar weather days.\nAn international team of scientists, led by the University of Manchester, has developed a metal-organic framework, or MOF, material\nResearchers used neutron scattering at Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Spallation Neutron Source to investigate the effectiveness of a novel crystallization method to capture carbon dioxide directly from the air.\nGleaning valuable data from social platforms such as Twitter—particularly to map out critical location information during emergencies— has become more effective and efficient thanks to Oak Ridge National Laboratory.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Originally Posted by Monolyth\nNo. But here we are not discussing 1/2 naked women (most of the time), we are discussing computer hardware, politics, etc.\nSo now we have to\nhave avatars that releate only to what we are talking about?\nPeople have other interests other than what this forum was established for. And I could understand if we currently allowed people to post anything\nas there avatar but that's not even close to being the issue.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Leadership OR alumni invited to virtual meeting on ORFace\nAlumni of the Leadership Oak Ridge program are invited to a virtual meeting with speaker Pat Postma, who will speak on the Oak Ridge Fund for Achieving Community Excellence (ORFace).\nThe meeting will be held at 4 p.m. Thursday and people who are interested should RSVP to firstname.lastname@example.org. ORFace was spotlighted in a “Historically Speaking” column in The Oak Ridger and now published to oakridger.com.\n“The Oak Ridge Fund for Achieving Community Excellence is dedicated to creating the best future possible for Oak Ridge. At this special virtual meeting for community leaders, participants will engage in an exercise to share their opinions and identify things that will leave a sustained legacy for the future of Oak Ridge,” stated an email from Christine Michaels, Oak Ridge Chamber of Commerce president and CEO.\nBreakout groups during the meeting will be asked to consider this question: “If you had an opportunity to make a difference in your hometown, what would be your top three things to support or start so that you leave a sustained legacy?”", "label": "No"} {"text": "daswell is a hzs120 ready mixed concrete mixing plant manufacturer in js2000 twin shaft concrete mixer; concrete plant components; hzs120 concrete mixing plant\nconcrete mixer, concrete mixing plant, concrete equipment manufacturer / supplier in china, offering concrete mixing plant (hzs120), calcium lignosulphonate, fired flint\n(120m3/h)rmc concrete mixing plant with sicoma mixer (hzs120), find details about china cement concrete mixing concrete batch plant, ready mixed concrete\nmixer plant/ concrete hzs120 concrete mixing automatic mobile concrete mixing plant with ready mixed hzs120 concrete mixing plant\nconcrete mixing plant,ready mixed concrete haomei is a professional ready concrete mixer, concrete batching plant, hzs120 concrete mixing plant . driving\nconcrete mixing plant. camelway machinery. mixing plant new type electric hzs120 concrete batching plant china . ready mixed concrete mixer\nconstruction machinery hzs120 ready mixed concrete batching plant hot sale automatic hzs120 concrete mixing mobile concrete mixing plant hzs120 concrete mixer\njs500 concrete mixer. hzs180 concrete batching plant. hzs120 concrete batching plant alibaba. fully automatic ready mixed concrete mixing plant with capacity\nhzs120 concrete mixing plant,mixer plant hzs120 ready mixed concrete mixing plant is the best selling china automatic concrete mixing plant (hzs120)\nplantsthis ready mixed concrete mixing plant has batching plant . 1. hzs120 ready mixed concrete plant,concrete mixing plant,concrete mixer\ntwin shaft mixer concrete batching plant 120m3/htwin shaft mixer concrete batching plant 120m3/h . js twin shaft concret...\n120m3/h rmc concrete mixing plant with sicoma mixer china 120m3/h rmc concrete mixing plant with sicoma mixer hzs120 , ...\nhzs120 cumulative measure concrete batching 120m3/hr concrete batching plant for concrete batching plant. hzs120 concret...\nconcrete batching plant hzs120 with capacity concrete batching plant hzs120 with capacity 120m3/h , find complete detail...\nchina concrete batching plant manufacturer wet mix and central mix concrete batching plants, come and get a free quote n...\nPrev 60m3/h HZS series small cement concrete batch plant manufacturer\nNext 2016 new economic type 35m3 fh ready mix cement concrete mixing station", "label": "No"} {"text": "At Glidewell Construction Inc. our mission is to provide high\nquality construction services in a mannner which will compel\nour clients and their design professionals to recommend our company\n\"No job is so important, no service is so urgent, that we\ncannot take the time to perform our work safely.\"\nAt Glidewell Construction Inc., our commitment to safety is a key part of\nour business. We have developed a comprehensive safety program and we work diligently\nto ensure that our jobsites are safe working environments. Each new employee\nmeets with our Safety Director to learn our safety policies before reporting\nto his first job site. Weekly \"Tool Box Talks\" and quarterly company wide safety\nmeetings keep all of Glidewell's employees well informed on the latest safety\nsystems and techniques.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Advantages compared to bathrooms built on site:\nSpeed and simplicity – the whole construction work is completed faster;\nQuality assurance – production is carried out under contained conditions and in accordance with certified quality system;\nCost effectiveness – stemming from industrial standardisation;\nEasy and fast installation – Harmet Bathrooms are delivered to the site just-in-time, and lifted directly from the truck, disposing of the need for temporary storing of materials at the construction site and also saves time and maintenance costs at the work site;\nEurofins sertificate C-185-03.", "label": "No"} {"text": "WELCOME TO THE EVERGREEN UNITED METHODIST CHURCH PAGE\nWelcome-History-Contact Us-Cemetery-Photo Gallery-Activities-Organizations-Members-Links\nInformation is being developed at this time. Interested persons are asked to contact Pastor Gladys Miller at firstname.lastname@example.org for information about Evergreen United Methodist Church.\nMembers (both past and current members)\n* * * * * * * * * *", "label": "No"} {"text": "|국가/구분||United States(US) Patent 등록|\n|미국특허분류(USC)||60/039.02 ; 60/730 ; 60/266 ; 60/267 ; 60/039.07|\n|발명자 / 주소|\n|출원인 / 주소|\n|대리인 / 주소||\n|인용정보||피인용 횟수 : 48 인용 특허 : 13|\nThe cooling of components (26) of a vehicle (10) carrying a turbine engine (12) and a fuel supply (24) for the engine (12) without the excessive consumption of bleed air is achieved in an apparatus which includes a fuel recirculating system (34), a first heat exchanger (60) for rejecting heat from selected components (26) of the vehicle (10) to fuel flowing through the fuel recirculating system (34), and a cooling device (32) including a second heat exchanger (100, 202) for rejecting heat from the fuel to the cooling device (32) as the fuel flows through...\n[ What is claimed is:] [1.] A method for cooling components of a vehicle carrying a combustion engine and a fuel supply for the engine, the method comprising the steps of:flowing fuel from the fuel supply through a first fuel recirculating system;rejecting heat to the fuel from select components of the vehicle as the fuel flows through the first fuel recirculating system; andrejecting heat to the engine from the fuel as the fuel flows through the first fuel recirculating system, wherein the step of rejecting heat to the engine from the fuel includes reje...", "label": "No"} {"text": "051320LMAY07 TF Gladius Motor Vehicle Accident While on UXO Recon\nAfghanistan: Accident, RC EAST, 1 casualties\nJM 46 Conducts UXO recon. *En route to destination near the village of Deh Baba Ali, the element was envolved in a pedestrian accident. In the crowded market area a pedestrian was struck by a coalti...\n150715ZMAY07 TF Cincinnatus/EOD/PSYOP Conduct Operation Render Safe II (UXO Removal)\nAfghanistan: UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE, RC EAST, 0 casualties\n500kg Russian bomb was safely removed from Kohistan II, Kapisa Province, AF. The UXO was succesfully stabilized and the fuses were removed without detonation of the device. EOD safely cleared the si...", "label": "No"} {"text": "information technology resume examples in security manager resume with . Best Security Supervisor Resume Example LiveCareer Security Resume Examples And Samples Template Objectives For Job. Cisco Network Engineer Resume Sample New Job Security Samples Free Best Network Security Engineer Resume Sample For Fre Sevte. it security manager resume sample Fred Resumes Marvelous Compliance Analyst Resume Examples Regarding Information. Security Resume Template Security Guard Cv Sample Security Guard Application Security Resume Samples Velvet Jobs. It Consultant Resume Examples Security Resume Example Security Guard Security Officer Resume Sample Objective Police Loan med assistant. Receptionist Resume Medical Secretary Resume Examples Examples Of Security Guard Resume Sample Resume Genius. Network Security Resume globishme Security Sample Resume Executive Resume Writing Services. Resume Template Beautiful Resume Samples For Security Guard Network Security Resume Sample kantosanpocom. Striking Design Of Security Officer Resume Sample 19815 Resume\nsecurity resume sampl examples of effective resumes best.\nsecurity resume sampl manager cyber samples velvet jobs.\nsecurity resume sampl awareness samples velvet jobs.\nsecurity resume sampl template breathtaking sample army.\nsecurity resume sampl guard sample formidable.\nsecurity resume sampl best ideas of cyber examples charming.\nsecurity resume sampl 1 director of templates try them now myperfectresume.\nsecurity resume sampl personal protection detail sample infantry platoon.\nsecurity resume sampl information technology examples in manager.\nsecurity resume sampl guard samples idealvistalistco.\nsecurity resume sampl it manager sample fred resumes.\nsecurity resume sampl network engineer.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Senior Manager, Security Solutions Marketing, EtisalatAhmed Alketbi holds a master's degree in information security from KUSTAR. He holds a bachelor's degree in computer engineering from the same university. Before joining Etisalat, Alketbi worked for the UAE Computer Emergency Response Team (aeCERT) as Digital Forensics and Incident Response Team Leader. Alktebi is currently pursuing an engineering management Ph.D. degree at the University of Sharjah.\nAlktebi is currently pursuing Engineering Management PhD degree in University of Sharjah,", "label": "No"} {"text": "It has barely been a week since Randy Savage suddenly passed away\n. I had no idea OK Go were such big fans of wrestling, but they spent some time putting together this tribute of Randy. It was not what I was expecting, but it is very touching. Thanks Liz for sending it.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Amy Keesee, Ph.D.\nResearch Associate Professor\nChair, Association for Women in Science Chapters Committee\nDepartment of Physics and Astronomy\nWhite Hall 339\nWest Virginia University\nMorgantown, WV 26506\nFor my dissertation research, I studied the amount of ionization in a helicon plasma source by measuring the radial neutral argon profile in a helicon plasma source using laser-induced fluorescence, passive emission spectroscopy, and collisional-radiative modeling. Currently, I primarily study the plasma physics of the magnetosphere. I am very involved with supporting women in science and outreach to future scientists through organizations such as the Association for Women in Science.", "label": "No"} {"text": "I haven't received my package yet. It’s sitting in my local post office, so when o receive them, I will probably love them. I will be ordering again.\nNice quality and super fast shipment!!\nBetter then I anticipated! Fast fast fast delivery!!! I will be ordering more.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Security Engineer - Hardening\nJob title: Security Engineer – Hardening\nJob description: theorem) Software engineering experience About the Team Uber’s Security team works to ensure the security of all private…\nLocation: Seattle, WA\nJob date: Tue, 13 Aug 2019 23:36:16 GMT\nApply for the job now!\nRegister at Binance", "label": "No"} {"text": "The magnetic phase diagram of the Er1-xTbxNi2B2C has been mapped using neutron powder diffraction. It is noted that a marked discontinuity in the evolution of the magnetic structure coincides with the loss of superconductivity at x similar to 0.3. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.\n- magnetic order\n- powder diffraction", "label": "No"} {"text": "By Godson Ikiebey-\nPresident Muhammadu Buhari is currently meeting former President Goodluck Jonathan at the presidential villa in Abuja.\nThe meeting is holding at the president’s office. Jonathan arrived at the forecourt of Aso Rock at 2:58pm.\nThis is Jonathan’s first visit to President Buhari since he began his second term.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Most hat stores will be able to stretch it for you. I had a hat that shrunk and I took it to Westernwearhouse and they sized it. Normally they only charge a few dollars to do it.\nLifetime Club Member Since 05/2007\nTight lines and a full stringer.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Shop for Security Products in the Canada Security Companies official store!\nJun 11, 2010\nThe Canadian Security Association (CANASA) is the national non-profit organization, established in 1977, dedicated to promoting the interests of its members and the safety and security...\nFeb 23, 2010\nburglar Burglar Alarms H Systems business CCTV Courtenay security systems cameras Home Security Commercial toronto alarm systems Security Systems Audio Video Canada BC security security follow alarm system index surveillance text home access control alarms vancouver alarm company Alarm Burg home security systems", "label": "No"} {"text": "The complex magnetic field of the permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source MEFISTO located at the University of Berne has been numerically simulated. For the first time the magnetized volume qualified for electron cyclotron resonance at 2.45 GHz and 87.5 mT has been analyzed in highly detailed 3D simulations with unprecedented resolution. New results were obtained from the numerical simulation of 25,211 electron trajectories. The evident characteristic ion sputtering trident of hexapole confined ECR ion sources has been identified with the field and electron trajectory distribution. Furthermore, unexpected long electron trajectory lifetimes were found.", "label": "No"} {"text": "|The estimated risk presented in the figure above, and the assumptions used\nto determine these risks, are not based on a specific source of diesel PM. Instead, general assumptions bracketing\na fairly broad range of possible operating scenarios were used. The estimated risks are based on the diesel PM\nconcentration at the point of maximum impact as determined using air dispersion modeling. The estimated risk ranges\nare used to provide a \"qualitative\" assessment of potential risk levels near sources of diesel PM. These\nestimates are based on the risk assessment methodology and assumptions identified in Appendix 7 of the Proposed Diesel Risk Reduction Plan, September 13, 2000. Actual risk levels from these types of sources at any individual site will vary due to\nsite specific parameters, including equipment technologies and emission rates, fuel properties, operating schedules,\nmeteorology, and the actual location of off-site receptors.", "label": "No"} {"text": "I want to officially apologize for my actions last night. Regardless of my political views, I did not realize how upsetting my actions would be and I did not represent the community or 'Outstanding' citizens very well. I would not have done what I did had I realized how upset people would become, and I did not intend to divide or insult anybody. If I had a time machine I would certainly change my actions, but the damage is done. I will try not to do such actions in the future.", "label": "No"} {"text": "hot sale 10-5000l vaseline emulsified asphalt plant\nwhite asphalt, white asphalt suppliers and emulsified asphalt,asphalt mixer plant, hot mix asphalt plant popular ltl45b asphalt road pavers for hot sale bitumen sprayer,emulsified bitumen equipment hot products zqz5250tfc bitumen asphalt mixing plant distributor price full zqz5090glq 5000l emulsified asphalt asphalt ingredients images. frbiz is a the asphalt\nwhite asphalt, white asphalt suppliers and\nemulsified asphalt,asphalt mixer plant, hot mix asphalt plant popular ltl45b asphalt road pavers for hot sale\nbitumen sprayer,emulsified bitumen equipment\nhot products zqz5250tfc bitumen asphalt mixing plant distributor price full zqz5090glq 5000l emulsified asphalt\nasphalt ingredients images. frbiz is a\nthe asphalt ingredients manufacturers has uploaded 698 asphalt ingredients pictures for their asphalt ingredients products for sale, 1 20 asphalt ingredients images are\npaving machinery wuhan chancay machinery &\nit can spray hot asphalt, emulsified asphalt and modified a asphalt concrete paver rp1253 for sale asphalt tank(capacity) 5000l\nchinese energy markets.pdf mba\njoker202 2010 10 08 11 11 | (0 ) | 1 | 360 |\nasphalt emulsion equipment supplier, find best asphalt\nhot sale asphalt emulsion equipment .. emulsified asphalt plant asphalt batch mix type hot mix plant,asphalt drum mix type hot mix plant,wet mix macadam plant\ntanker plant sale supplier, find best tanker plant sale\nsource top quality tanker plant sale for sale,oil delivery plant for sale,oil tanker plant sale hot selling 5000l road plant asphalt distributor\nmixing equipment manufacturer, factory & supplier\nmixing equipment manufacturer/factory, hlb series mobile asphalt mixing plant, 8/10/20/30 t/h .. hot sale 5 5000l cosmetics vacuum emulsifying machine.\nfixed equipment manufacturer & factory, china fixed\ncommon emulsified asphalt production equipment .. hot sale 5 5000l cosmetics vacuum emulsifying machine .. breeam (10) gap (10) leed (8)\nalibaba special plant,pressure tank\na verified cn gold supplier on alibaba .. 10 yrs chengli special automobile co., slurry seal plant manufacturer,8 tons emulsified asphalt slurry s\nasphalt mixing stationary, asphalt mixing stationary asphalt mixing stationary, wholesale various hi...\nasphalt plants, hot mix plants, concrete batching plants supplier of mobile asphalt plant, asphalt d...\nasphalt analysator supplier, find best asphalt analysator source top quality asphalt analysator supp...\nasphalt plant layout, asphalt plant layout suppliers and asphalt plant layout, hot selling concrete ...\n20t 100t/h hot asphalt plant for sale dayu china.cn20t 100t/h hot asphalt plant for sale,us $ 40,000...\nasphalt mixing plant price, asphalt mixing plant price asphalt mixing plant price, asphalt mixing pl...\nasphalt mixing plant a groupbeston asphalt mixing plants main application of asphalt mixing plant as...\nasphalt hot mix plant, asphalt hot mix plant suppliers and asphalt hot mix plant, china factory pric...\nlb4000 asphalt mixing plant china, lb4000 asphalt mixing lb4000 asphalt mixing plant china, wholesal...\nenvironmentally friendly 25 t/h dhb25 mobile asphalt mixing plant portable asphalt hot batch plant bitumen mixing plant\nmobile asphalt mixng plant, mobile asphalt mixng plant mobile asphalt mixng plant, wholesale various...", "label": "No"} {"text": "DANGER UXB WW2 WALES\nDanger UXB Wales, looks at the bombs, fuzes and the specialist tools bomb disposal sections used to diffuse them,\nBut the real purpose of this book is to look at the impact of the bombings on the Welsh home front across Wales, from the civilians on the street, the ARP and of course the individual unsung heroes of the bomb disposal sections working across the whole of Wales during the second world war\nAlthough the war ended over 75 years ago, bomb disposal are still making safe bombs dropped during the war. It is to the bomb disposal sections past and present that this book celebrates, giving their live so we can live ours.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Gas pipe rupture affects Knutsford homes\nHomes in the Heron Close area of Knutsford were affected by a gas pipe rupture.\nUp to 30 homes around Heron Close had their electricity supply disrupted after the issues with the gas supply.\nFire crews from Knutsford and Wilmslow attended to ensure the safety of residents until the gas supply could be isolated.\nA spokesman from Scottish Power Energy Network apologised for any inconvenience caused and said that the damage had been caused by a third party who had been carrying out work in the area. The company was on site to ensure that supplies were restored.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Free resources, tools, help, and information for CIOs to project managers. You’ll find what you need for a successful university IT project implementation.\nMeet Jeanie Larson, UC Davis Health CISO\nPosted on Written by\nBy Reign Nelson. Jeanie Larson is the chief information security officer (CISO) at UC Davis Health. She majored in computer science and math at the University of Idaho and has been “doing cybersecurity stuff” since around 1985. She was one of the first people to go through the Department of Energy’s cybersecurity training at Los Alamos National Lab and worked on some of the earliest intrusion detection systems, back when everything had to be coded and parsed manually. She got involved in healthcare in 2011, and in 2014 was invited to serve on the board of directors for the National...", "label": "No"} {"text": "Fundamentals of Arcjet Thruster Thermophysics.\nFinal technical rept. 1 Aug 92-31 Jul 95,\nILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA DEPT OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING\nPagination or Media Count:\nThis final technical report summarizes the research carried out by our group concerned with arcjet plasma propulsion. Section 1 describes the nonequilibrium plasma model and a detailed formulation for kinetic nonequilibrium. Section II describes experimental measurements in which measurements of electron number density, electron temperature, ion speed ratio and gas velocity are carried out by advanced Langmuir probes. Section III outlines our research with a modified 1-2 kW class arcjet, where surface mounted Langmuir probes are used to investigate the constrictor and nozzle current attachment regions.\n- Electric and Ion Propulsion", "label": "No"} {"text": "From In situ to Operando Mode: Experience on Synchrotron X-Ray Defraction at SSTRC\nThe report describes results of first experiments on In Situ SR XRD applying parallel analysis of gaseous components of\ncatalytic reactions at Siberian SR Center. The experiments demonstrated that simple attachment of gas analyzer to reactor cell does not provide Operando mode realization. It is suggested that Operando mode to be performed specific requirements to reactor cell as well as solid to gas components ratio have to be met. Actually, for each particular experimental task or class of tasks an individual reactor cell suitable for definite experimental conditions should be developed and created.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Betsy and I are so excited about this!\nSo excited that we Mad Men'd ourselves. Here I am getting into the office in the morning\nand here is Betsy in full HR mode. I think that girl at the typewriter is about to get fired!\nCheck it out for yourself here!", "label": "No"} {"text": "I just logged into the site and a page came up saying that I had been banned from using teh website and to regain access I would have to enter a capatcha code. It did this two time. It said that it had tracked suspicious activity from my computer. Anyone else ever have this happen to them? I never do anything besides Tom's Hardware, schoolwork, and e-mail on this computer. Nothing even remotely close to suspicious. Why did it do this. I checked the URL to make sure it wasn't a trojan, but the URL was Tom's Hardware. If anyone can please tell me, it would be greatly appreciated.", "label": "No"} {"text": "I AM WORTHY OF ALL THINGS WONDERFUL!\nLook at yourself in the mirror and repeat this:\nI am safe. I am grounded. I am centered. I am balanced. I am right where I need to be. I am deeply connected to Mother Earth. I am grateful that I have all that I need. I am worthy of all things wonderful.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Li, HB (reprint author), CAS, Inst High Energy Phys, POB 918, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.\nArticle; Proceedings Paper\nWe Study the branching ratios of D(+) --> D(0)e(+)v, D(S)(+) --> D(0)e(+)v, B(S)(0) --> B(+)e(-)(v) over bar, D(S)(+) --> D(S)(+) --> D(+)e(-)e(+) and B(S)(0) --> B(0)e(-)e(+) rare semileptonic decay processes, which are induced by decays of light quarks, tire heavy quarks remain unchanged. The branching ratios of these decay processes are estimated in the heavy quark limit and with SU(3) flavor symmetry. We find that, the decay rates are very tiny in the framework of the Standard Model. We also estimate the sensitivities of the measurements of these rare decays at the future experiments, such as BES-III, super-B and LHC-b. Observations of these decays may shed some light on new physics beyond the standard model.", "label": "No"} {"text": "I am in 8th grade, I had a fun time during 8th grade. Made friends and learned many things for high school. I know high school Is going to be hard. The studying to the homework. I wish I was young again though those wishes can’t happen. Lets take our time and celebrate this moment.", "label": "No"} {"text": "waterproofed concrete scientists have cracked secret to waterproof concrete waterproof concrete additive uk waterproof concrete sealer paint.\ncement concrete mix quick setting cement concrete mix cement used in concrete mix design ambuja cement concrete mix design.\nconcrete blocks mold large concrete block molds for sale concrete block molds for sale uk.\nstarbucks house blend medium roast coffee keurig k cups house blend k coffee medium.\nconcrete acid stain colors grey concrete stain acid stained concrete gray eagle concrete acid stain colors concrete acid stain color chemical composition.\nstep 2 home sweet home playhouse step 2 cozy cottage playhouse makeover by.\ncan you resurface concrete concrete refinishing how to resurface worn concrete resurface concrete driveway uk resurfacing concrete floors cost.\nsmall bathroom colors and designs small bathroom colors ideas small bathroom colour designs.\nhow thick should a concrete driveway be driveways concrete concrete driveway thickness australia how thick must a concrete driveway be.\nbest water based concrete stain best concrete stain water based concrete stain colors water based concrete stain and sealer.", "label": "No"} {"text": "I am trying to research ancestors of Francis Marion Skains and Cora Ann Swilley. They were married in Trinity County Texas in\nAny information would be apprecited and I am willing to share the information that I have.\n|Milton Odell Skains|\nHC1 Box 1585", "label": "No"} {"text": "Technical Proposal New Technical Proposal Templates – 18+ Free Word, Excel, Pdf Format Image Source by images.template.net\nInspirational Of technical proposal Pics\nplaced simply by Alex Larson from November, 1 2018. To view just about all images throughout Creative Technical Proposal For Ideas photographs gallery you should adhere to this hyperlink about technical proposal.\nHow About This Videos: Creative Technical Proposal For Ideas Video\ntechnical proposal.xlsb, technical proposal.doc, technical proposal.dot, technical proposal.wbk, technical proposal.docx, technical proposal.docm, technical proposal.dotx, technical proposal.dotm, technical proposal.docb, technical proposal.xls, technical proposal.xlt, technical proposal.xlm, technical proposal.xlsx, technical proposal.ppt, technical proposal.pptx, technical proposal.jpg, technical proposal.png, technical proposal.cdr, technical proposal.ai, technical proposal.psd, technical proposal.eps, technical proposal.pub, technical proposal.txt, technical proposal.qif, technical proposal vektor, technical proposal.zip, technical proposal.rar\nHow about technical proposal Rate\nIn the event you just like the Creative Technical Proposal For Ideas what I would like you to do is to support and assist us growing more expertise by sharing this technical proposal residence design design reference on Facebook, Twitter, and Google Plus and tell your folks about us. You too can assist us by clicking some associated posts under for extra pictures gallery and further data. We always love you and we all the time try to offer you our best.\nThanks for visiting my blog, article above (Creative Technical Proposal For Ideas) published by Alex Larson at November, 1 2018.\nThis only for inspiration of Creative Technical Proposal For Ideas , we hope this post can give you an examples about technical proposal what you need.\nCreative Technical Proposal For Ideas Uploaded by Alex Larson on Thursday, November 1st, 2018. We have 20 great pictures of Creative Technical Proposal For Ideas. Find Find Ideas Jobs on category Proposal.\nHere we have 20 great photos about Creative Technical Proposal For Ideas. We hope you enjoyed it and if you want to download the pictures in high quality, simply just click the image and you will be redirected to the download page of Creative Technical Proposal For Ideas.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Dataset for \"Accurate atomic total energies for correlation consistent effective core potentials\" Included are input and output files for various codes. For each code, outputs are organized per atom. Funding: U.S. Department of Energy Contact: Abdulgani Annaberdiyev\nThis data repository is not currently reporting usage information. For information on how your repository can submit usage information, please see our documentation.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Oak Forest, IL 60452\nPh.D. Ivy League Graduate specializing in Science, Math, and History\n...I am fluent in a range of Science and History disciplines. As an Ivy League graduate, I learned from professors at the very top of their fields. I am excited to pass on this knowledge to you, and I am committed to helping you understand the material you wish to...", "label": "No"} {"text": "I spent a few minutes yesterday arriving to a conclusion. I then spent a number of hours working on this conclusion.\nAnd that's the riddle I am going to leave with you today.\nAll will make sense by the end of the week.\nFailing that, I''ll still explain what I was trying to do.", "label": "No"} {"text": "X-ray optics for synchrotron-radiation-induced X-ray micro fluorescence at the european synchrotron-radiation facility, Grenoble\nFaculty of Sciences. Chemistry\nInstitute of Physics conference series. - London\nCONFERENCE SERIES- INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS\n, p. 613-616\nUniversity of Antwerp\nDifferent optical designs for generating synchrotron x-ray micro beams suitable for use in an X-ray fluorescence microscope using an ESRF bending magnet X-ray source are compared. Attention is devoted to the spatial and energy distribution of the photons in the micro beam and to the minimum detection limits that are achievable with each alternative optical system.", "label": "No"} {"text": "The objective of the RFCS STAMS project is to implement these technologies in underwater conditions, to integrate them into multifunctional monitoring and inspection modules, and to design permanently installed sensors, to guarantee periodic and long-term continuous monitoring and condition assessment of flooded mine shafts.\nTwo categories of equipment were researched. The first allows detailed measurements to be made periodically and the second category allows less detailed measurements to be made continuously.\nTwo periodic monitoring modules – the Multifunctional Monitoring Module (MMM) and the Ultrasonic Inspection Module (UIM) – were developed, based on a large database of flooded shafts in Europe. They can investigate the state of the lining shafts under high pressure and turbulent water. A Reference Point Installation Module was developed using an ROV (Remotely Operated underwater Vehicle) to fit specially designed reference points. Software was developed to control these instruments and analyse the data and the measurements. The functionality of the developed tools was successfully verified first under laboratory conditions and then in-situ in real flooded shafts.\nFor continuous monitoring, detailed studies were conducted into electronic sensors that do not require an electrical connection to the line. A tube bundle system was designed and prototyped for very long-term operation in hostile environments.\nIn addition, laboratory tests were carried out to investigate the production of gas as an indicator of the degradation of the lining of the flooded shafts.\nFinally, advanced coupled numerical models were realized to study the effect of degradation on the local and global instability of flooded shafts.\nDissemination of the results was done through scientific and technical papers and via a specific workshop organised for mining companies in Poland.", "label": "No"} {"text": "\"Long Way\" Videos\nwhat will I be?\nIf I continue to take this difficult way I chose to go\nand if I drop out now, I lose everything, and everyone I've got to keep me\nand I will be happy, i won't be sad\nsometimes I think about the things I wish I had\nI could have spent some time, and try to catch a flight\nbut I chose to take the bus, I'll\nYeuTiengAnh.com: Chúng tôi phát hiện truy cập không hợp lệ.\nBạn cần đợi 1 minutes 29 seconds nữa mới có thể xem đầy đủ.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Our customer was planning a multi-phased shutdown at a major North Sea refinery terminal that processed crude oil from a pipeline system. With over 50 pipeline tie-ins to the live terminal plus many other pipework connections in need of hot work, the operator had to apply a stringent process safety management system when planning the project to reduce risk of incident. The application of the management system dictates the use of fully engineered solutions when carrying out hot work, therefore 50 pressurised hot work enclosures were required for all hot work activities for the duration of the complex project.\nSafehouse Project Engineers visited the site several times before the project started to assess the scope of work and carry out in depth site surveys. All habitat Field Technicians were given full inductions prior to mobilisation to outline the work scope, site scope expectations and KPIs. Safehouse managed the pre-planning installation of the habitats to maintain tool time and maximise productivity.\nTo manage the complex nature of this project and to make sure that process safety standards were being met, our engineers visited the site in the lead-up to the project to assess the work scope and conduct site surveys. A senior project engineer was on site at all times alongside up to twelve habitat technicians to oversee the construction and ongoing management of each habitat, survey new habitat sites and liaise with the client to ensure the project ran smoothly. Site safety audits were carried out on an ongoing basis and senior management attended monthly sub-contractor site safety forums.\nHabitat operations were carried out in a major upgrade project as part of a multi-contractor workforce within budget, timescale and without any interruption to ongoing site operations. The project was completed successfully and on time, without any accidents or injuries involving Safehouse personnel.", "label": "No"} {"text": "We have about 100 units for pipe & tube making machines which assume the main production equipment and it provided with the most new and powerful equipment like the cold re-rolling mill, large slitter, bright annealing furnace, and automatic tube polishing machine, the hot rolled stainless steel flat bars and angle bars etc.\nIt has developed into an eminent stainless maker also in Japan.\nThin walled stainless steel tubes\nStainless steel pipes/Large diameter welded stainless steel pipes/Light gauge stainless steel tubes for ordinary piping\nStainless steel tubes for Ornamental and structural applications", "label": "No"} {"text": "Eastern China (Shanghai):\n3,720-3,730 yuan ($529-530) per tonne, up 10-20 yuan per tonne\nNorthern China (Tangshan):\n3,640 yuan per tonne, unchanged\nSpot prices gained in Shanghai following futures increases, with a source there saying demand remained stable while supply remained short.\nChina’s steel logistics have been slow since mid October, when a heavy truck carrying six coils of HRC caused a bridge in Wuxi city, Jiangsu province to collapse.\nThe accident focused attention...", "label": "No"} {"text": "I was diagnosed a year and a half ago- I got told my TPO antibodies were strongly positive at >1000. Since I had an ultrasound and was told that my thyroid is dead. I feel horrendous- I am 20 and some days I cannot even get out of bed.\nApparently my levels are right but I am still feeling awful. What can I do? I keep going to the doctors and they are telling me I am depressed- I know I'm not, other than being ill, I have no reason to be depressed. I feel like I did when I was diagnosed with my underactive thryoid. It then went overactive.\nI am loosing the will to live!!!!! Please help!", "label": "No"} {"text": "Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 May 2016\nCosmic radiation is capable of depositing significant quantities of energy and momentum in gravitational wave antennas at times that will generally be random with respect to gravitational signals. Such cosmic ray effects may generate noise signals at detectable levels compared to antenna design thresholds at rates of a few per year but, since antennas will not be capable of absorbing all the cosmic ray energy, it should be readily possible to construct vetoing cosmic ray detectors. For proposed interferometer antennas, a deposition of a few hundred GeV will produce a detectable noise signal and the veto will require about 100 MeV of energy deposition outside the antenna. We consider here some of the principles involved in the generation of gravitational antenna noise by cosmic ray particles and we describe a veto system to be installed at the Perth gravitational wave observatory.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Nyu Accidentally Exposed Military Code Breaking Computer ..\nProject Issue Management Process Importance Video Lesson\nTechnical Project Manager Jobs Senior Near Me Non In ..\nOutput Time Self hosted Project management software\nEbenezer Fagundes usc project management 40600x900\nSystem Administrator Cover Letter Sample Administrator ..\nread ebook making things happen mastering project management\nOnline student management system\nPortfolio Management product development project management ..\nAsana Dashboards let you see the big picture of work\nsimple project plan template and excel template project ..\n8 Project Management Tools You Should Know\nMaster of Science in Project Management\nThe Stages of the Agile Software Development Life Cycle\nSenior Consultant Project Manager Job at Headspring ..\nNyu Project Management\nProject Issue Management Process\nNon Technical Project Manager Jobs\nHosted Project Management\nUsc Project Management\nFinance Project Manager Job Description\nProject Management in Practice ..\nOnline Event Management System ..\nProduct Development Project Management ..\nAsana Project Management Software\nExcel Templates for Project Management ..\nProject Managment Tools\nMsc Programme and Project Management\n5 Phases of Agile Project Management\nProject Manager Jobs Austin Tx", "label": "No"} {"text": "I Came Out Today\nI did it. After 38 years I came out of the closet to my wife. It went like I expected. I hurt her. I wish I could take it back. Betrayed, facade, pretending, lied to, not who I thought you were, were some of the phrases. She said that she thinks back and feels like our sex was dirty. She feels used. I should have not came out. She says that she needs some time to wrap her head around this. We spent 6 hours in the hospital ER. Her pulse was at stroke level plus other issues. I told her I am still here. I am the same person. I feel alone. I feel rejected. I feel like I have destroyed my relationship. I hope it gets better.", "label": "No"} {"text": "An Improved Ion Guide for External Ion Injection in Glow Discharge-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (GD-FTICR) Mass Spectrometry\nTechnical rept. Jan-Dec 1991\nFLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE DEPT OF CHEMISTRY\nPagination or Media Count:\nTo improve the existing ion transport optics of our glow discharge-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance GD-FTICR mass spectrometer, we have simulated several ion trajectories between the glow discharge source region and the ICR analyzer cell. These calculations suggested that a number of simple improvements, including the use of an ion flight tube and an electrically isolated conductance limit, would increase the efficiency of ion transfer through the fringing fields of the FTICR superconducting magnet and into the ICR analyzer cell. Ion beam intensity was monitored before and after implementing these improvements as a function of the distance between the glow discharge source and the analyzer cell. A twenty-fold improvement in the transport efficiency, as well as a significant enhancement in detected FTICR signals, was observed.\n- Atomic and Molecular Physics and Spectroscopy", "label": "No"} {"text": "concrete mixers goscor power products\n26/4/Wet Concrete Mix Plant · 90m3 per hour stationary concrete batching plant. 8 14 60 cubic per hour prestressed concrete mix plant mobile concrete batching plant iran for sale 90 with 90 m3/h hls90 concrete batching plant 90m3/h. 90m3/h ready mixed concrete batching . sanq\nNew 90m3 per hour ready mix concrete plant with OEM. a mini concrete batching plant for sale. concrete batching plant,concrete mixing manufacture a drum concrete mixers in hot sale 25m3 per hour mini aggregate cement batch. quality ready mix mini concrete batching plant on sale of hzs25 mini hls90 concrete batching plant with ce and iso hls90\nHzs90 90m3 H Ready Mixed Concrete Batching Plant Machine China Made 90m3/h Ready Mix Concrete Batching Plant Layout New design HZS90 90m3/h concrete batching plant on sale is an ideal choice for producing commercial concrete. It has two feeding methods. One is hopper type it is used for lower than 50m3 per hour output production. Get Price\n90m3 concrete batching plant; 90m3 concrete batching plant - China Manufacturers, Factory, Suppliers. owing to very good support, a variety of high quality merchandise, aggressive costs and efficient delivery, we love an excellent name among the our clients.\nReady Mix Concrete Batching Plant - globaltalenet-Liebherr concrete mixing plants. Dry Concrete Batching Plant: Features: A Dry mix Concrete Plant, also known as Transit Mix Plant, weighs sand, gravel and cement in weigh batchers via digital or manual scales. All the ingredients then are discharged into a chute which discharges into a truck.\na mini concrete batching plant for sale. 25 180 m3/h concrete batching plantconcrete mixing china manufacture a drum concrete mixers in hot sale china 25m3 per hour mini aggregate cement batch. quality 25m3/h ready mix mini concrete batching plant on sale of hzs25 mini hls90 90m3/h concrete batching plant with ce and iso hls90 90m3/h concrete\nOperations Manager at Premier Concrete Pumping Ltd Ince-in-Makerfield, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom 25 connections. Join to Connect Premier Concrete Pumping Ltd. Report this profile Experience Operations Manager Premier Concrete Pumping Ltd View John's full profile\nhls90 concrete batch plant parts . ready mixed concrete batching plant, hls90 90m3/h concrete batching super quality concrete batching plant hls90 concrete we shandong guancheng machinery co., ltd., shandong guancheng machinery co., ltd. is a factory which is specialized in concrete batching plants and the spare parts .. ready mixed concrete\nFully Automatic Hzs90 Ready Mixed Concrete Mixing Plant 90m3/h. hzs90 concrete batching plant 90m3/h HZS25 240 concrete batch plant are the top selling products of ELKON Group machinery which are basically composed by the concrete silos for sale screw conveyor water supply system weighting system concrete storage system cement mixer and control system.\nLiebherr concrete technology. 90m3 concrete batch plant for sale - ladyrio-Central Mix Concrete Batching Plant. output 90m3 concrete mixing batch plant for sale in indonesia. concrete plant .. concrete batching plant for sale,us $ ce 90m3/h concrete batching plant ready mixed mixer in saudi arabia. wet mix concrete batch plant, HLS90 90m3/h Hot\nFactory Price 90m3 Per Hourr Ready Mixed Concrete. concrete batching plant for belt conveyor concrete mixing plant hzs90 priceus 20000 yhzs90 mobile concrete batch Factory Price Ready Mix Concrete Batching 35 yhzs35 ready mixed mobile concrete batching plant for sale. compare hls90 concrete batching plant with ce and iso 9001 min\nAbout Boom Pumps. 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It is equipped with a double horizontal shaft forced mixer JS500 which capacity is 0.5m³ per batch and a batching plant PLD1200 which have 3 aggregate bins.\nHls90 Plants Manufacturers Russian Concrete . hls90 china zeyu brand cement mini concrete mixing plant ready mix concrete plant for sale alibaba 25m3/h yhzs25 mobile ready mix concrete batching plant for sale made in . hls90 90m3/h concrete batching plant. Learn More\nhls90 concrete batching plant price (90m3/h)hls90 90m3/h concrete batching plant hls90 90m3/h concrete diesel portable concrete mixer sale in ghana with cheap. Concrete Pole Making Machine [email protected] hamacchina. Fast Delivery Ready Mix Concrete Plant Of 90m3/h Manufacturers, Find Complete Details about Fast Delivery\nCopyright © 2021 of Talenet Group all rights reserved", "label": "No"} {"text": "This document specifies requirements for process development for forming, sealing and assembly of packaging for medical devices to be terminally sterilized, when utilizing heat sealing technologies. This document recommends minimum heat sealing equipment features to support subsequent validation, process control and monitoring. This document applies to both preformed sterile barrier systems and sterile barrier systems. This document utilizes the sterile barrier system specification to develop the process specification using the principles of risk management. This document is intended to be used prior to process validation. NOTE ISO 11607-2 provides requirements for process specification and process validation.", "label": "No"} {"text": "|location||Washington, United States|\n|visits||member for||1 year, 9 months|\n|seen||Apr 25 '13 at 17:05|\nI hunger for knowledge. When I gain knowledge, I enjoy helping others who are interested gain the knowledge that I have gained.\nCurrently, I am in more of a knowledge gaining phase in regards to programming/computers, but what I know, I will willingly share.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Government of Nunavut\n\"Today we don’t seem to be prepared for the changes that affect everyday life. People are dying of exposure and they are not prepared for the unpredictable weather.\"\nThis is where we will be posting our submitted photos.\nTo submit a photo, click here.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Photo from USPS.com\nI was at the post office mailing off a package and I remembered I needed stamps. So I bought these pretty stamps. Aren’t they adorable? I’m thinking if I don’t do zazzle custom stamps, these would be suuuuuper cute for the wedding invites.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Sonoco Products, which has operated a facility on Daisy Street in Chattanooga since 1981, is closing its doors.\nPlant employees were told Tuesday about the decision to close the plant and move operations to other facilities that are not operating at capacity.\nSome 30 employees are affected.\nThe closing is expected to take place in early July.\nRoger Shrum, company spokesman, said, \"That plant produced composite (paper-based) containers.\nUnfortunately, we have seen a slowing of orders for that product in that region.\"\nHe said employees will be offered severance pay and placement services.\nMr. Shrum said it has not been decided if any of the equipment will be moved elsewhere.\nThe plant is off Dodson Avenue near the East Chattanooga Recreation Center. It was built by Sonoco.\nSonoco is a multi-billion dollar global provider of consumer packaging, industrial products, protective packaging and packaging supply chain services.\nHeadquarters is in Hartsville, S.C., and there are more than 340 operations in 34 countries.", "label": "No"} {"text": "\"chuck norris doesn't believe in Germany\" - classic\nAnd yes Patches make all the difference. Man I wish I had all my disks. I want to unleash a fury of 20+ nukes on some unsuspecting bastard.\n\"If the world ended in a nuclear war only Chuck Norris and the roaches would be left alive.\"", "label": "No"} {"text": "I have to admit I drank the Kool-aid earlier this year and started a cozy memories blanket. So far, I am enjoying it. I go in spurts where I put on four or five squares and then I stop. This spurt I am working on the sixth square. The blanket isn't very big so far. I am working on square number 15. This will be a long term project, just like everyone elses.", "label": "No"} {"text": "construction plant operators work with machinery and construction plant operator construction plant operators work with machinery and equipment used on\nchina mobile concrete batching plant price asphalt mixing plant, find details about china batching plant, construction machinery from mobile concrete batching plant\na dasion machinery co., experts in manufacturing and exporting construction machinery,concrete batching construction machinery,concrete batching plant\nconstruction equipment,heavy equipment,construction machinery. road machinery. concrete machinery. excavating machinery. concrete mixing plant;\nchina railway construction heavy industry co., other construction machinery; concrete batching plant; concrete pumps; foreign trade operator\nconstruction machinery, a. concrete mixing plant, concrete batching plant manufacturer / supplier in china, offering aggregate batcher, impact crusher, small crusher and\nchina wet mix concrete batching plant with self material weighing system (hzs60), find details about china concrete batching plant, construction machinery from wet\nchina hzs35 mini concrete mixing machine construction machine, find details about china concrete batch plant, other engineering & construction machinery hoist\nchina concrete batching plant catalog of provided by china manufacturer hangzhou truemax machinery and equipment co., ltd., page1.\nconcrete batch plant operator while the plant is actively supplying concrete to departm ent projects, batch plant operator,\nconstruction, plant & machinery operators jobs varied outdoor workday at different construction experienced skid steer profiler operator required for busy\nconcrete mixing plant, concrete delivery equipment, construction machinery, concrete mixing plants, concrete placing boom, pumps, batching plants\nbut construction companies also need plant machinery underground train as a construction plant operator but some plant operator plant\n63 concrete plant operator jobs and blueprint recruitment have just set up a plant operator ( plant & machinery ) the construction phase of the project to\nand we provide operator training attachment tools will be delivered along with construction machinery, stationary concrete batching plant with bucket\nwholesale various high quality concrete batch plant operator salary products from global concrete batch plant construction machinery portable concrete plant.\nmobile concrete plant is a kind of special construction equipment, a concrete plant, also known as a batch plant or batching plant or a concrete\nconstruction plant ilo construction os&h operator protection and efficiency ilo construction os&h concrete skips or buckets\nmobile plant in construction information and checklist earthmoving machinery; mobile plant has been two way communication between mobile plant operator\nin the concrete plant we also helped customer with an operator with the asphalt plant who was we are well know as quality construction machinery\ninvestor relations, corporate social responsibility and all aboud a construction machinery. english; japanese; algeria; angola; benin; botswana; burkina faso\nconstruction tool machinery, construction tool equipment, construction equipment manufacturer / supplier in china, offering mini brick cutter (lz2500), brick splitter\nconstruction machinery | jcb. in 1945, jcb military machines are designed to offer superb operator protection and can be modified in a plethora of ways.\nthe construction machinery and operator hire in australia industry precast concrete firms in this industry hire out construction machinery, plant and\nconstruction machinery, construction machines prominent & leading manufacturer from ahmedabad, concrete batching plant,\na concrete plant operator must the job scope for concrete plant operators is wide as they play an important role in the construction field. concrete plant\nexporter and manufacturer of mini concrete mixer, batching plant, set up facilities and train operator. road construction machinery we know\nchina high productive 120m3/h concrete plant good quality hot sale, find details about china construction equipment, concrete mixing machinery from high\nprefect concrete batching plant hzs25 aggregate batching plant with control system product introduction 1. hzs series of concrete batching plant is automatic concrete\nchina construction machinery business online. home concrete machinery electric forklift. location liuzhou, guangxi.\nhistory, asphalt mixing plant, concrete batching plant, started operator trainng at main factory may, (shanghai) construction machinery co., ltd. may,\nwith the rapid development of construction equipment, concrete batching plant the operator need to operate concrete mixing plant s cement silo\nwe now have 26 ads under construction machinery for batching plant sale, from gumtree.co.za, olx.co.za and 29 other sites. concrete batching plant operator;\na® construction equipment sets the standard innovative technologies to increase machine efficiency and operator of the american society of concrete\nunder construction machinery. 180 m3 concrete batching plant provides satisfaction of all levels report ad see also concrete batching plant operator\nproducts > other construction machinery . concrete machinery logical lock function of the electrical control system could prevent misoperation of the operator.\nasphalt batching plant. smg series mechanical motor grader smg200 3. home > road construction machinery > grader. 360° operator vision field\nroad construction machinery. search dealer concrete machinery. 20 sets of road machinery in this project were all purchased from a.\n2.the concrete batching plant operator can manage the whole process by the computer which is a manufacturing & processing machinery > >\nmedium excavator. home > products & app road construction machinery. hydraulic vibratory road roller; concrete machinery. concrete batching plant ;\nroad and civil construction machinery atlas industries is an iso 9001 wet mix plant, portable concrete plant,\nconcrete batching plant and concrete mixers are our two major products series,specifically including a daswell machinery co sc100/100 construction\nthe operator if there are some problems occur when the mixing plant is in the construction a Manufacturer machinery co., ltd. main concrete\nwith the development of city construction, concrete machinery industry for concrete mixer plant operator. some requirements for concrete mixer\nconstruction, plant & machinery operators jobs in across the bay of plenty are looking for an operator with a good general background in concrete?\nfoam concrete machine, foam concrete machine foam concrete machine, hot sale foam concrete block machine / precast concr...\nbelt concrete mixing plant 90m3/h, belt concrete belt concrete mixing plant 90m3/h, 90m3/h construction ready mix belt t...\nyhzs35 small 35m3/h ready mixed used sale,mobile 35m3/h,concrete mobile batching plant for sale,35m3/h mobile yhzs35 mob...\nevery construction project right concrete mixing the mixed cement to create concrete which is used for and for various o...\nhzs35 concrete batching mixing plant with ce concrete batching plant|concrete mixing our main products include concrete ...\nPrev SDDOM hot sale mobile portable concrete batching plant\nNext HZS60 user friendly design wet mix concrete batching plant 60m3 fh", "label": "No"} {"text": "From a few days, my printing machine is not responding properly. My printing device is not working due to some technical faults. I have good printing experience with my printing machine. Due to some technical faults, I am getting printer not printing error. There can be countless reason of this technical glitch. I have applied my technical resolutions for resolving this technical problem. But my all solutions are not useful, hence I am looking for quick support for this error. Can anyone provide the easy methods to resolve this error?", "label": "No"} {"text": "Comprehensive solutions for the X-ray room\nWhether your application is dose rate measurements on pulsed fluoroscopy or kVp measurements on intra-oral machines, the RaySafe Xi is capable of handling all user scenarios. Only one detector is needed for low dose rate measurements up to high exposures, while Active Compensation ensures high precision regardless of the beam quality. If you need to study the waveforms, the RaySafe Xi offers up to 1200 ms waveform memory at a detector bandwith of 2.5 kHz for both kV and radiation output.\nPlease contact us for more information.", "label": "No"} {"text": "About DSTLServe your country. Help save lives The Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) maximises the impact of science and technology on UK defence and security – across government.\nDSTL - Creating honeypots to fight future cyber attacks\nThis recruiter is not currently advertising. Why not try our job search?", "label": "No"} {"text": "This web site was very informative. We would not have know how close to Prescott it is or how pretty the park is. We would not have had this information if we had not visited its web site.\n• Link to this review\nWas this review helpful?", "label": "No"} {"text": "I studied regularly on the site process exam. It has some of the finest question tests that work up the mind of the PMI Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP) Certification. It is something that is must for gaining in-depth knowledge and brushing up the fundamentals of the certification. Without giving PfMP mock tests on the site, it would not have been possible for me.\nPfMP preparation helped me to pass\nNov 7 2021 - 13:00", "label": "No"} {"text": "SUPAIR partnership were met on 4 December 2018 for their 3rd Coordination and SC meeting in Koper, Croatia. The host of the meeting was Port of Koper. The main topic of the meeting was the assessment of port’s Action Plans progress, which are the main output of the project. Additionally, the meeting focused on the future goals and steps for the project. GATES supported the participation of the Port of Piraeus in the meeting as its external consultant for the project SUPAIR.", "label": "No"} {"text": "January 9, 2011\nScott Steen, Chief Executive Officer, American Forests\nNew role: Mr. Steen, 46, assumed his post December 1 at American Forests, a 135-year-old conservation group in Washington.\nCareer highlights: He spent the past four years as the executive director at the American Ceramic Society, in Columbus, Ohio, an international scientific and technical group focused on engineering challenges. He also worked at the American Society for Association Executives, in Washington, helping the group plan its future after\nTechnology Guide 2013", "label": "No"} {"text": "Come on in! Join Pinterest today...it only takes like a second or so.\nEmergency car kit\ncar emergency kit\nHow to Make an Emergency Kit: blog.hgtv.com/...\nMini Emergency Kits\nan emergency kit for the car\ncar emergency kit from a wipes container", "label": "No"} {"text": "Quality sleeping bag, sleeping bag liners, and sleepers available.\nSea to Summit Thermolite® Reactor Extreme Liner\nLifeVenture Silk/Cotton Sleeper\nCaribee Plasma Hyper Lite\nCaribee Plasma Lite\nShipping, taxes, and discounts will be calculated at checkout.\nYour cart is currently empty.\nContinue browsing here.", "label": "No"} {"text": "50.6 MB (2.7 MB compressed)\n5138 x 3439 pixels\n43.4 x 29.2 cm ⏐ 17.1 x 11.5 in (300dpi)\nBRIAN BELL / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY BRIAN BELL / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY\nHelium ion microscope. Researcher operating a helium ion microscope, a new technology capable of improved magnification at the nanometre-scale. This is the ORION helium ion microscope, developed by the Carl Zeiss company. It uses an ALIS gas field ion source to produce a beam of helium ions that can be focused 300 times sharper than an electron beam. A sample of the output is seen on the computer screen. Photographed in 2010, at the Southampton Nanofabrication Centre, at the University of Southampton, UK.\nModel release not required. Property release not required.", "label": "No"} {"text": "IMEACHTA AN CHO-CHOISTE.\nPROCEEDINGS OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE.\nDé Céadaoin, 14adh Deire Fomhair, 1931.\nWednesday, 14th October, 1931.\n1. The Joint Committee met at 2.30 p.m.\n2. Present: Deputies Fahy, Law, Little, Thrift and Morrissey; Senators Brown, Douglas and O’Hanlon.\n3. Report was made that the Chairman of the Joint Committee, Senator Hooper, had died since the last meeting of the Joint Committee.\n4. Motion made (Senator Brown):\n“That Deputy Morrissey be Chairman of the Joint Committee.”\nQuestion put, and agreed to.\n5. The Joint Committee adjourned at 2.45 p.m. until 12.30 p.m. on the 22nd October.", "label": "No"} {"text": "living room wall unit designs in india.\nliving room wall units floating cabinets entertainment unit argos.\nwall unit in living room units cabinets elegant new storage ideas.\ncabinets view in gallery living room wall unit units for contemporary uk.\nsome details are purely aesthetic view in gallery living room wall unit ikea uk units.\ntips on how to choose better wall storage system furniture for the living room unit tv units uk.\nwall mounted cabinets for living room bedroom cabinet units large size of modern unit u.\ncontemporary wall unit library living room units with storage.\nview in gallery online wall unit system for living room with a semi minimal design tv designs.\nmodern living room wall units for book storage from unit ideas.\nview in gallery exquisite living room wall unit system with smart features designs india.\nstand designs for small living room wall unit interior modern design in with mounted cabinet ebay uk units.\nunits design for living room wall unit designs small black floating shelves shelving kids delightful images.\ncontemporary wall units living room unit design ideas with.\nwall unit living room furniture online new easy astounding units for ideas.\nfull size of living room wall unit designs design ideas kids amusing drop dead gorgeous units uk.\nwall unit modern catchy living room units and best design ideas on home designer with fireplace.\nfloating wall cabinets units entertainment living room unit for uk.\nfurniture design unit living room wall for of fine ideas about units on perfect cabinet designs.\nmodern living room wall units for book storage from unit designs.\nfull size of wall units for living rooms latest cupboard designs contemporary room unit ikea tv.\nliving room wall unit designs tips on how to choose better storage system furniture for modern units with.\nliving room wall units photos unit for lcd tv design ideas.\nview in gallery bright orange ottoman adds a splash of color to the room with stunning wall unit system living units for sale.\nhotel living room wall unit for latest design timber unite images idea pictures designs in kenya.\nroom wall design general living ideas cabinet media center furniture small units for dining decor paintings unit simple de.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Science Test Branch and the X-ray and Cryogenic Facility (XRCF)\nSince 1991, the dedicated and highly skilled crew at NASA's X-ray and Cryogenic Facility have been providing technology development and pre-flight verification of flagship missions like the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the James Webb Space Telescope. The XRCF at Marshall is the world's largest x-ray optical test facility and provides evaluation and readiness testing for advanced telescope mirrors, video guidance systems, and other space structures in thermal environments to 20 Kelvin.\nMarshall's X-ray & Cryogenic Facility Selected to Support ATHENA\nNASA has agreed in principle to provide the X-ray & Cryogenic Facility (XRCF) to the European Space Agency (ESA) in support of their Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (ATHENA) mission. Originally constructed to perform the ground verification of the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the XRCF remains the world’s largest X-ray telescope calibration facility and is uniquely suited to perform the evaluation of Athena’s X-ray optics. The facility will be utilized to evaluate two Engineering Models (FY22), complete qualification testing on a Qualification Model (FY25), and perform the verification and calibration of the Flight Mirror (FY26-29).", "label": "No"} {"text": "BAM & Calcium Peroxide DPT Injection – BTEX\nORIN conducted direct injection treatment to target groundwater contaminated with Alachlor using BAM, a pyrolized cellulosic material. Previously, an excavation was completed to try and remove the contaminated soil and the source of groundwater contamination. After little effect at reducing the concentrations BAM was selected. First, a treatability test was conducted to prove BAM could reduce alachlor at the site. With successful results field scale treatment was applied. Twelve injection points were utilized for treating a 1,190-ft2 area.", "label": "No"} {"text": "PEERCHEER offers LTK48 LTK60 core lifter case for use with LTK48 LTK60 core barrels. The LTK48 LTK60 core lifter case mates to the inner-tube and houses the core lifter in a tapered socket which controls movement of the LTK48 LTK60 core lifter. As the drill string is lifted during a core breaking operation, the core lifter case bottoms out on the inside of the drill bit transferring the pullback load from the drill string to the core lifter until the core sample breaks. LTK series core lifter cases are available for application in standard DCDMA A B size.\nPEERCHEER’S core lifters are made of a high-quality alloy steel that is specially heat treated to increase strength,toughness, and wear life.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Conceptual Engineering Reports\nConceptual Engineering Reports were prepared to provide conceptual engineering details for conveyance facilities proposed in the BDCP EIR/EIS. The reports were developed throughout the planning process to support engineering and design as well as the preparation of the BDCP EIR/EIS. These documents are part of an iterative process of developing options evaluated as alternatives in the EIR/EIS. All of the information presented is considered conceptual or preliminary and will need to be verified as additional investigations and detailed design are further developed.\nReusable Tunnel Material Testing Report\nThe California Department of Water Resources recently completed a preliminary laboratory test study to evaluate geotechnical, environmental, and plant suitability properties of tunnel material for proposed beneficial reuse.", "label": "No"} {"text": "- Tecnologias a Plasma para Processamento de Materiais\nThis course is given to final year Physics students at Instituto Superior Técnico. The course provides specific training in plasma technology for material processing.\n1. General introduction\n2. Plasma reactors for material processing\n3. Capacitively-coupled radio-frequency reactors\n4. Plasma reactivity\n5. Plasma-surface reactivity\nSupervision of MSc students\n- MSc co-supervisior ofTiago Dias (student of MEFT); Title: Atomic oxygen kinetics in CO2 plasmas; Date: 2018/2019; Current position: Accepted for a PhD programme at Instituto Superior Técnico.\n- MSc co-supervisior of Gonçalo Raposo (student of MEFT); Title: Plasma in-situ production of fuels and oxygen on Mars; Date: 2019/2020; Current position: MSc is still on-going.", "label": "No"} {"text": "NetObjects Fusion Essentials\nby Website Pros Inc.\nNetObjects Fusion Essentials, the newest member of the NetObjects family. Fusion Essentials is a free web site design software. Features include: drag and drop design, full website management, website asset management, built-in FTP and more.\nasset management free web site design software software features free web site web site design photo galleries", "label": "No"} {"text": "Urology has essentially become endo-urology now-a-days. With the advent of endo-urology; open urological procedures have become less and less common in day to day urological practice.\nIn endo-urology the use of fluoroscopy is a necessary part. The radiation exposure although in most cases is not direct there is definitely secondary exposure due to radiation scatter phenomenon.\nIf the operating surgeon is screened for radiation exposure with the thermoluminiscent dosimetry; it has been calculated that the total radiation exposure is not significant. If we assume that urologist on an average performs 50 PCNLs per year then studies have shown that the scatter radiation does not exceed 10 mGy. This amount is less than 2% of permissible annual limits of equivalent dose to the extremities.\nHellavel GO et al...Radiation exposure and the urologist: what are the risks? J Urol 2005\nBut Medical personnel should be aware of scatter radiation risks and minimize radiation exposure when involved in fluoroscopic screening procedures.Dosage minimizing imaging protocols should be strictly followed:\nUsing the C-ARM judiciously when needed.\nAvoiding continuous C-ARM exposure as far as possible.\nuse of radiation shield without fail.( it is very common practice not to use the shield in smaller procedures)\nthyroid shield ,increased distance from the beam,gloves,glasses,beam collimation , use of mini-C-ARM etc\nthe thermoluminiscent dosimetry should be used to calculate the scatter radiation exposure regularly to assess the risks\nThe maximum yearly whole body exposure is around 5000 mrem.( this is the limit for the torso while hands it is 55000 mrem) While 1 hour usage of Fluoroscopy ( unprotected ) is 1100 mrem.So the urologist should employ all the possible startegies- radiation shield, modified drapes,radioprotective gloves to minimize the radiation scatter.\nThe urologist should be cognizant with the concept of time,distance and shielding to minimize the risk of radiation scatter.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Over the past few decades, scientists have focused their attention on the development of concepts and designs, leading to demonstrations, of unique x-ray sources to perform femtosecond and attosecond science. The rewards of such an effort in the x-ray wavelength range will revolutionize the subfields of atomic physics, molecular physics, biology, condensed matter physics and material science. A brief review of this subject and its impact on emerging areas of science will be presented.\nThe storage-ring-based synchrotron radiation sources are today's workhorses in providing both time-averaged and time-resolved structural and chemical information with subnanosecond to subsecond resolution using x-ray imaging, spectroscopy and scattering techniques. On the other hand, many phenomena are ultrafast with characteristic periods of a few femtoseconds to tens of picoseconds. These include electronic motions around a nucleus in an atom, atomic and molecular vibrational motions in matter, spin dynamics, chemical and biological reactions, and phase transitions in response to photoexcitation. Probing such phenomena using photon-excited pump-probe experiments will require both optical and x-ray sources with comparable resolution. In the future, sources based on atypical concepts in storage-rings, table-top plasma sources, laser-based high harmonic generation (HHG) sources, linac-based sources, such as energy-recovery linacs (ERLs) and x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs), will likely meet these demands.", "label": "No"} {"text": "All the success achieved today has been possible because of the dedicated work of our mentors. He holds years of experience in the domain and is well versed with the process. He works in cooperation with other team membe ...\nLiberty House, Liberty Road,Karnal.\nkarnal, HA 132001", "label": "No"} {"text": "Research Physicist, CERN\nAndreas Hoecker leads the ATLAS Collaboration since 2021. Since 2005, he is research physicist at CERN and member of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. He contributed to the fast online selection, detector commissioning, and searches for the Higgs boson and Supersymmetry. He served in numerous coordination roles.\nHe studied physics at Bonn, Germany and earned his PhD at Université Paris XI, France in the 1990s. During that time he studied the properties of the tau-lepton, the heavy cousin of electron, and strong interactions at CERN’s Large Electron-Positron Collider. In 1998 he became Scientist at the French CNRS organisation and joined an experiment at Stanford’s National Accelerator Lab (SLAC), where he performed studies of matter-antimatter symmetry violation. Throughout his career, Andreas Hoecker has also worked on particle physics phenomenology and the development of statistical tools.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Horizon.K12 Meeting, Dallas\nFor a flavor of the activity for the January 27-28 , 2009 Horizon.K12 meeting in Dallas, Texas, here is a short video slide show of pictures from the meeting combined with an ambient mix of the discussions. This was the kickoff meeting to launch te very first Horizon Report focused on K-12 education.\nAt this meeting, gathered members of the Horizon.K12 advisory board met and processed the initial list of topics to be included in this new report, and distilled the voting down to a short list of 12 items to be contenders for the final report. The final report will be released at the March 2009 CoSN meeting in Austin\nLook for more pictures tagged horizonk12 in flickr.", "label": "No"} {"text": "We agreed that at sometime in the future we would need to take down the stud wall to make more room for special events!\nBut Kim and Albert took the head staggers and like the walls of Jericho – It all came tumbling down!!\nWE HAVE PLENTY OF ROOM NOW!!", "label": "No"} {"text": "J. Lyell Sanders, Jr.\nA coefficient is obtained for determining the effect of a reinforcing stringer on the stress concentration factor at the tip of a crack in a thin sheet. The results are given for the case in which the stringer is intact and for the case in which the stringer is broken. In the first case the stress concentration factor for the stringer is also given.\nAn Adobe Acrobat (PDF) file of the entire report:", "label": "No"} {"text": "WASHINGTON, D.C (NBC)-- A letter addressed to President Donald Trump containing the deadly poison, Ricin, was intercepted earlier this week.\nAuthorities say the letter that tested positive for Ricin was detected at an off-site facility that screens mail addressed to the White House.\nThe FBI, secret service and U.S. Postal Inspection Service are investigating to determine where the letter came from.\nThe letter was detected at the screening facility, so it never reached the White House.", "label": "No"} {"text": "항만보안; 항만시설; 보안계획; ISPS; Port Security; Port Facilities; Security Plan\n해양비즈니스, no. 18, pp. 143 - 167\nChina is still an entry-level and port security operations. China is 〈Port Facility Security Rules〉 by rudimentary port facility security system that this system is not perfect yet but there are several problems. This paper 〈port facility security Rules〉 of the main contents and China on the status of the port facility security operations and port facility security review work in progress and future of the four problems presented in trying to improve the orientation.\nⅠ. 서론 Ⅱ. 항만시설보안의 유래 Ⅲ. 중국 정부 항만보안 이행업무상황 Ⅳ. 중국 항만시설보안의 문제점 및 개선방향 Ⅴ. 결론 참고문헌 Abstract", "label": "No"} {"text": "7 pages matching atomic units in this book\nResults 1-3 of 7\nWhat people are saying - Write a review\nWe haven't found any reviews in the usual places.\nFIRSTORDER COULOMEIC INTERACTION OF TWO ATOMS\nB FirstOrder Coulombic Energy in General\n14 other sections not shown\napply atomic orbitals atomic spin-orbit splitting atomic units atomic wavefunctions atoms in degenerate Chem Clebsch-Gordan coefficients considered Coulombic interaction energy coupling is applicable coupling scheme define the functions degenerate perturbation theory diagonal Diatomic Molecules dispersion energy dissociation energy eigenfunctions electronic energy energy and dipole expansion first-order Coulombic interaction first-order energy first-order interaction first-order perturbation given ground terms Hamiltonian Hartree-Fock hence higher multipole interactions Hirschfelder homonuclear molecule incomplete shell integral interacting atoms intermediate coupling intermolecular forces internuclear separation ionization potential isoelectronic leading term long-range interatomic forces magnetic interaction energy magnetic quantum Meath molecular energy molecular wavefunctions multipole expansion negative non-resonant non-vanishing obtain one-electron orbital order of magnitude Phys polarizabilities power series predissociation data quadrupole quadrupole-quadrupole interaction energy quantum numbers reduced matrix reduced matrix elements relativistic second-order energy secular determinant secular equation spin symmetry unlike atoms values vanish Wigner-Eckart theorem Wt oo zero zeroth-order wavefunctions", "label": "No"} {"text": "The Telescope Array (TA) experiment is the largest detector to observe ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in the northern hemisphere. The fluorescence detectors at two stations of TA are newly constructed and have now completed seven years of steady operation. One advantage of monocular analysis of the fluorescence detectors is a lower energy threshold for cosmic rays than that of other techniques like stereoscopic observations or coincidences with the surface detector array, allowing the measurement of an energy spectrum covering three orders of magnitude in energy. Analyzing data collected during those seven years, we report the energy spectrum of cosmic rays covering a broad range of energies above 1017.2eV measured by the fluorescence detectors and a comparison with previously published results.\n|Number of pages||10|\n|Publication status||Published - 2016 Jul 1|\nBibliographical notePublisher Copyright:\n© 2016 Elsevier B.V. Allrightsreserved.\nAll Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes\n- Astronomy and Astrophysics", "label": "No"} {"text": "Km Withers .. ClearLight Studios .. Contemporary Fine Art\n'Queen of Spades' - process\nHere is where I am in this painting...still working my way through the color harmony...design is very close to where I want it...minor tweaks to be done. But the colors and values are not where I want them yet. Back to the easel!", "label": "No"} {"text": "In order to manage the safety of work of operators of self-propelled transport machines (STM) proposed a security model of STM in the form of a two-unit probabilistic model, which allows for semi-optimum parameters of the speed limit and to increase the reliability of protection of workers through the use of the proposed technical device.\nReal Time Impact Factor:\nAuthor Name: Belova T.I., Sukhov S.S., Konchits S.V., Filippov A.A.\nURL: View PDF\nKeywords: safety management, two-unit probabilistic model, the operator, self-propelled transport vehicles, the speed limit.", "label": "No"} {"text": "copper concentrate plants\nBuy copper concentrate plant - copper concentrate plant on sale All Verified copper concentrate plant suppliers & copper concentrate plant manufacturers have passed our Business License Check, they can provide quality .>Online!\n,copper concentrate grade,,,,,.structure, regrinding crude flotation concentre, adopting new reagents, copper concentrate grade of Dashan ore-dressing plant has been increased to above 25%.>Online!\ncopper concentrate plantcopper concentrate plant Pumps /Valves /Hydrocyclone Grinding Classifying Gravity Separation Equipment Magnetic Equipment Crushing Dewatering Machine Flotatio.>Online!\ncopper concentrate plant diagram SAMAC Description : copper cementation process flow diagrams 8 Jan 2014 copper concentrate plant diagram SMMI MachineProcess Flow Diagram Copper ore .>Online!\ncopper concentrate plantStone Crushing Plant For Copper Concentrate Processing Copper Concentrate Processing. 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Copper Concentrate Price, Copper Concentrate Copper Concentrate Price,.>Online!\nplant copper concentrateplant copper concentratemills use in mine ral processing plant washing plant for iron ore lump in india gold processing plant for sma ll miners.>Online!\n.The Copper Plants,Copper Plant Design,Copper Concentrate .Copper ore concentrate plant design FOB Price: US $100,000 - 200,000 / Set Get Latest Price Min.Order Quantity: 1 Plant/Plants Supply Ability: .>Online!\ncopper concentrate plant products for sale - buy cheap copper. copper concentrate plantBrowse Catagory Business TypeAgent (544) Manufacturer (298) Trading Company .>Online!", "label": "No"} {"text": "The head of the President’s Office Andriy Yermak informed the interlocutors about the consequences of the Russian attack on December 16.\nAndriy Yermak met with representatives of the USA / photo Andriy Yermak\nThe USA is ready to provide equipment for the rapid restoration of Ukraine’s energy facilities after Russian missile strikes.\nThis was reported by the head of the Office of the President, Andriy Yermak Telegram after a meeting with US Assistant Secretary of State for Energy Jeffrey Payette and US Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Ukraine Bridget Brink.\nHe notes that he held this meeting on the instructions of the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyi.\nYermak informed the interlocutors about the consequences of Russia’s attack on December 16.\n“Our country needs equipment and other assistance for the rapid restoration of heating and energy facilities after missile strikes by the Russian Federation,” Yermak said.\nHe said that the representatives of the USA assured of their readiness to provide assistance to Ukraine, in particular the necessary equipment, for the effective support of the Ukrainian people.\nMissile attack on Ukraine on December 16\nOn December 16, the Russian occupiers fired 70 cruise missiles and 4 guided air missiles at Ukraine, 60 of which were shot down by air defense forces.\nEnergy Minister Herman Galushchenko said that as a result of the Russian missile attack, about nine generation facilities were damaged. Emergency power cuts were implemented throughout Ukraine.\nThe company “Ukrenergo” announced and then terminated the emergency situation (blackout) in the unified energy system of Ukraine after massive Russian missile strikes.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Credit Case Folder - How to see the Approve/ Reject/ Request Additional information comments?\nCredit case folder is not capturing the comments which are\ncaptured at approval, reject or request additional information at case folder.\nSteps to reproduce.\n1. Open Credit case folder\n2. Action Approve/Reject/ Request Additional Information\n3. Enter comments and Click on OK\n4. These comments are not captured in the Credit case folder.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Friday, July 15, 2011\nBetty Lou Dorris Groves, 76, of Oak Ridge and Charleston, Mo., died Tuesday, July 12, 2011, at Southeast Hospital in Cape Girardeau.\nVisitation will be from 5 to 8 p.m. today at McMikle Funeral Home in Charleston.\nThe funeral will be at 10 a.m. Saturday at the funeral home, with the Rev. Mike McKinney officiating. Burial will be in IOOF Cemetery near Charleston.", "label": "No"} {"text": "I am new to this forum. I am a BBBP Bride for Aug 2013 and to be honest I wish I would of known about the beach gazeebo before hand. Now I am worried about all the people who are going to be around. UGGGGHHH. All the post that I have read about it are not that great and I really don't want to pay an additional $500 for the pier that I am not to thrilled about. Any advice.", "label": "No"} {"text": "By Prince K|Sipayya - June 9,2017\nthe quality is not very good but at the price offered it is nice and comparative. I ended up paying customs. I wish I had an idea about it specifically for the deliveries coming in. I wish I had been informed in a better way.\nOverhead Hoodie Slim Hooded Sweatshirt For Men In Red/Gray/Navy/Black\nMen's Platform Boots Round Two-tone Lace-up Short Boots", "label": "No"} {"text": "The world’s strongest magnet dedicated to studying solids, and the strongest magnet in the country overall, will soon be shutdown because the federal government refuses to fund the project.\n“With no feasible options to apply for funding for proper operations and maintenance on the horizon, the Steering Committee reluctantly concedes that the continued operations of the facility are not currently sustainable,” said a memo to staff at the National Ultrahigh-field NMR Facility for Solids, an Ottawa research institution that specializes in magnets, magnetic resonance imaging and how it can be applied to the very atomic structure of solids.\nProgram director David Bryce told La Presse newspaper that hundreds of scientists at more than 20 universities across Canada will be affected by the loss of the $11 million magnet. “Several research programs will have to be abandoned and the advantage Canada has gained in this field will be lost,” he added.\n“Going forward, we need at least $160k for operations plus $100k to pay the lease at NRC” which provided the site for the facility and much of its ongoing support, Bryce wrote in reply to a poster on the Reddit website.\nWithout a last minute injection of funds, the shut down of the magnet, which has been in operation since 2005, will begin on Dec. 15 and it will be dismantled by next spring.\nFunding for the facility was originally arranged by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Innovation Trust, Récherche Québec, Bruker Canada and the National Research Council. The NRC provided the site for the facility and much of its ongoing support. It’s that support that is now gone and threatens the whole program.\nResearcher Jean-Philippe Demers said on Reddit that the closure of the facility is the direct result of the federal government’s moratorium in its 2012 budget on funding for scientific research infrastructure in Canada.\ntap here to see other videos from our team.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Jeram Waste to Energy Facility Phase I is a 25MW biopower project. It is planned in Selangor, Malaysia. According to GlobalData, who tracks and profiles over 170,000 power plants worldwide, the project is currently at the permitting stage. It will be developed in a single phase. The project construction is likely to commence in 2025 and is expected to enter into commercial operation in 2026. Buy the profile here.\nThe project is being developed by Western Power Clean Energy Sdn. Western Power Clean Energy Sdn and Worldwide Holdings are currently owning the project.\nThe project is expected to supply enough clean energy to power 25,000 households.\nThe process of combustion will be adopted in this project to release the stored energy from the feed. Municipal solid waste will be used as a feedstock to power the project.\nThe project construction is expected to commence from 2025. Subsequent to that it will enter into commercial operation by 2026.\nFor more details on Jeram Waste to Energy Facility Phase I, buy the profile here.\nAbout Western Power Clean Energy Sdn\nWestern Power Clean Energy Sdn Bhd (Western Power Clean Energy) specializes in the waste management and waste to energy services. Western Power Clean Energy is headquartered in Malaysia.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Sri Lanka News Portal\nSri Lanka News Online\nBogala graphite miners stage underground Satyagraha\nMay 10th, 2016\nAround 50 workers have commenced a Satyagraha inside the Bogala Graphite Mine, some 1670 feet from the surface, based on several demands. MORE..\nRead the Full Article\nMiners at Bogala Mine call off Satyagraha\nMiners protest underground\nKahatagaha mine workers stage protest 1,100 ft underground\n60 workers begin protest inside Kahatagaha mine\nWorker killed after Bogala mine collapse\nComments are closed.\nMore News Articles", "label": "No"} {"text": "22 Oct 2021 to 24 Oct 2021 Once Only Event\nFamily friendly fishing event suitable for the whole family. Over $10,000 of great prizes to be won. Located at Allen Bay, near Mountain Bay, Lake Eildon.\nOnce Only Event\n22 Oct 2021 to 24 Oct 2021", "label": "No"} {"text": "www.socialfanmonster.com / they still haven't provided the order, but the delivery must take 4-6 hours\nI ordered from the website www.socialfanmonster.com. It was mentioned that they would provide the order within 4-6 hours. I waited 3 days and heard some blah-blah. The rep promised that today I would get the order, but nothing. I was upset that they turned to be such unreliable and dishonest. I really advise all people to stay away from them. It was only waste of money and that was all.", "label": "No"} {"text": "One year ago, I subscribed on a site wich my kung-fu teacher thaught I should look at for my soon to be martial arts buisiness. I was kind of looking at it as a scam at first without even looking at the information on the site. So basicly the site is and information site on many things such as, wealth creation, buisiness, health, relashionship, martial arts, how to conquer fears and many other topic. So I started to look into the member and affiliate training (affiliate being free of charge) and found myself amazed by the imformation that the site contained. My life immidiately started to change, since I have been a member of that site and got better at everything that I wanted. I could talk about for years but just to let the world kmow that today I get everything I want out of life now that I have this information.\nLast edited by AlixGIN; 03-03-2011 at 08:43 PM..\nReason: affiliate link removed", "label": "No"} {"text": "QuickStor Fuel Stabilizer helps prevents regular and ethanol-blended fuel from breaking down and oxidizing. This fuel stabilizer also prevents gum and varnish from forming in the fuel and settling in fuel lines and tanks, carburetors and injectors.\nUse in 2-cycle and 4-cycle engines\nSafe for catalyzed engines\nStabilizes fuel for up to a year\nPrevents fuel from breakign down and oxidizing\nPrevents fuel system corrosion\nKeeps carburetors and injectors lubricated\nApplication Instructions for Quicksilver QuickStor Fuel Stabilizer:\nPour the proper amount of Quickstor into the fuel tank - 1 ounce treats 5 gallons.\nRun engines for 5 to 10 minutes to ensure the product treats the entire fuel system.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Canadian Jewellery Expos Edmonton is going to be organised at Shaw Conference Centre, Edmonton, Canada from 17 Aug 2020 to 19 Aug 2020 This expo is going to be a 3 day event. This event forays into categories like Fashion & Beauty.\nCanadian Jewellery Expos Edmonton August 2020 Highlights\n|Event||Canadian Jewellery Expos Edmonton|\n|Start Date||17 August 2020|\n|End Date||19 August 2020|\n|Venue||Shaw Conference Centre|", "label": "No"} {"text": "HZS50 Concrete Mixing Plant,concrete batching plants on\nDescriptions of Concrete Batching Plant: HZS series Concrete Plant, also named as concrete mixing plant, is designed by Zhengzhou Bona Enterprise Co., Ltd and it has\nconcrete mixing plant_Zhengzhou Jianxin Machinery Co., Ltd\nWe supply concrete plants from China, HZS50 Concrete Batching Plant. Model:HZS50. Max-performance:50 m³/h. HZS75 Concrete Mixing Plant. 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Advanced Concrete Technologies.", "label": "No"} {"text": "health safety and environment consultancy\nwriting of safety report\nOn-site Supervisory responsibility for the Coordination of Site activities for Globacom.Telecom\nReceiving and issuing servicing parts to the technicians and ensuring that the required standards of servicing and maintenance are achieved cost effectively through control of the site resources.\nAdequate Management of Technicians by their hierarchy.\nEnsure sites are properly handled and documented by maintenance team.\nSending Report to the Admin manager about Site Activities", "label": "No"} {"text": "COVID-19 Policies at Gunstock Ranch\nAs we work to reopen, the safety and well being of our guests and staff is of the utmost importance to us.\nThe guidelines below were developed as we reopened Hawaii. Our most current policies will reflect current state and city guidelines. Please contact us directly for further details. Currently masks are not required for outdoor experiences. (11/1/21)", "label": "No"} {"text": "ORSSAB News Releases\nSeptember 25, 2014\nDave Hemelright and Lisa Hagy were re-elected as chair and secretary of ORSSAB respectively at the September 2014 meeting. Jan Lyons was elected vice-chair.\nAugust 26, 2014\nThe DOE Office of Environmental Management responds to an ORSSAB recommendation on additional groundwater studies.\nAugust 25, 2014\nDOE has appointed Wanfang Zhou to the Oak Ridge Site Specific Advisory Board.", "label": "No"} {"text": "reliable price mobley plant company & to karachi,hzs75 parts of plant video(75m3/h) from china supplier,portable and low cifa concrete batching plant for india,concrete batching plant/hzs75 readymade concrete mixer\nhzs50 wet mix precast concrete plant for sale concrete mixer,pl800 concrete mobile plant sand cement batching equipment,hot sale&high efficiency concrete plant international,hzs120 automatic lean mix concrete reliable quality ready mix concrete plant price,concrete mixer manufacturers.\ntop grade new coming rainbow concrete pumping,competitive price ment and batching plant parts name of 90m3/h,high cost-effective canadian concrete batch plant overseas engineers,hot sale hzs60 wet ready mixed ready mix concrete plant business plan.\nlow investment hzs75 75m3/h mobile mixing plant in construction machinery,china hzs90 concrete mixing plants concrete equipment zone price,more than 60 engineers servihzs90 90m3/h ready mixed parts of plants video,hzs60(60m3/h) liebherr concrete sri lanka.\nhzs50 direct manufacturer floating concrete batching plant,hzs75 stantionery concrete batch plant helper for export yhzs75,mobil concrete batch plant issues 25-50cbm per hour,low cost fastway concrete batch plant volumetric concrete mixer germany,china concrete plant 75m3 ready mix concrete plant in tamilnadu for sale factory price\nhigh configurationstationary concrete plant water heaters,40 m3/h china concrete hoppers for sale at low price,famous automatic ready concrete batching plant usa manufacturer\ngood quality classical cemex ready mix concrete on sale,high quality types mechanical plant acc ready mix concrete,china 2016 hot sale concrete pump machines 75m3/h,3.8m discharge height rast redi mix concrete plants certification\nchina low price 75m3 h trailer concrete pump for sale,q hzs60 price of concrete mix plant manufacturer in india pare parts,good quality ready mix concrete plant in bangladesh machine good price lothing supplier,hzs90 automatic construction concrete pump design parts equipments\ngood quality pan mixers machine good price glass spiral tube supplier,hzs75 - hzs180 spanos concrete batch plant concrete mixing plant,ready mix concrete plant price,industrial concrete mixers,full mobile mix concrete movable mix concrete batch plant texas,competitive price fixed ready mix concrete plant in rajasthan.\nused wet mix concrete mix station for sale,asphalt hot mix plant manufacturers white river vt,20-75m3/h productivity js500 portable concrete batch plant rental price in india,precast concrete equipment concrete mixing bagready mix concrete plant price,concrete maker,shanghai bauma key product concrete batching plant manufacturers in india of focus,60m3/h plants how they work building construction equipment\ncement german concrete batching plants cement plant for sale cemetn mixing plant hzs75,concrete mixing equipment imer concrete pump truck specifications,concrete mixing plant ready mixed ready-mixed concrete batching plant,heading: concrete batch plant permit maryland city: bangalore results: aishwarya enterprises involvements: compressors aishwarya enterprises business enterprises near me with phone number reviews and address,2016 patented product mobile customized 30t 50t horizontal cement silo for concrete mixing and batching plant\nmovable and strong powercertificatecompulsory double shaftjs1000 batch plant ltd,hzs50 capacity of 50 cube meter concrete plant cost,hzs120 concrete mixing equipment manufacturers concrete plant for sale\nready mixed batching in construction supplier automatic,simem mission since 52 years is focused into engineering manufacturing installation and service of concrete batch plant hs code for the most important construction projects ,hzs60 high efficiency ross portable concrete batch plant,pl1600 cement mixing batch station batch weighing hopper\ndesigned for er architectural engineering js500 mixer plant parts,hzs120(120m3/h) type central ready mixed commercial 3 yard concrete batch plant concrete mixing plant,50 stationary batching plant for sale dry concrete batching plant license,automatic production line what is a concrete batch plant? 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Vehicles with dual tanks, have no fuel filter in the rear tank fuel sender assembly.\nGM decided to remove the cabin air filter option starting in all 2005 trucks. You do not have a cabin air filter in your '06 silverado.\nWill a 2000 chevy 2500 bumper fit a 2005 chevy 2500\nits in the tank as part of the pump. inaccessible unless you drop the tank.\nwhere is the fuel filter on 05 chevy malibu\nWhere is the fuel filter on a 2005 Chevy Aveo? Where is the fuel filter on a 2005 Chevy Aveo?\nGM phased out the in cab air filter in 2004. No filter to change on the 2005 model year. Napa still sells them, but their database of parts is flawed.\nThe fuel filter is located in the fuel tank and is non-serviceable.\nIn 2005 Chevy started putting the fuel filter inside of the fuel tank.\nwhen to tune up my 2005 chevy\nIn 2004 Chevy moved the fuel filter from the frame rail and put it inside of the fuel tank. That's were yours is at, In the tank.\nIn 2004 chevy started putting the fuel filters inside of the fuel tank.\nThe fuel filter is located under the frame under the driver side door.\nPass side behind cat\nWill a 2005 chevy silverado cap fit a 2008 chevy\nThe Chevy truck models included - Silverado, Hybrid Silverado, Silverado SS, Silverado with Z71 Off Road Package, and the Heavy Duty Silverado..\nWhat does a tune up cost for a 2005 1500 chevy silverado cost.\nIt is now located inside the fuel tank!\nknock sensors on a 2005 silverado are located under the intake manifold\nthere's the air filter housing on passanger side by coolant resivor remove srews wit Philips or t25 which ever it is\nI have a '97 chev. truck and the fuel filter is mounted to the inside of the frame directly below the cab on the drivers side", "label": "No"} {"text": "Indications for thyroglobulin (Tg) testing :\n- Monitoring of differentiated thyroid cancer treatment\n- Observation of people exposed by radiation with a risk for the development of thyroid disease\nThyroglobulin (Tg) — is the primary protein substrate (with molecular mass of about 660 kDa) in the formation of thyroid hormones, constituting the bulk of the colloid of the thyroid gland.\nThe reference range for thyroglobulin (Tg) in blood serum is < 50 µg/L.", "label": "No"} {"text": "graphite tool graphite tools graphite 58g060 580603 graphite 58g060 580603 graphite tools for lampworking tutorials.\ngraphite tool cut peel tool foam graphite tools for lampworking tutorials.\ngraphite tool reward performance deluxe multi tool graphite graphite tools for lampworking torches.\ngraphite tool just extract the tarball run the installer and youre good to go you can configure the services you want to record in etcquickstatdconf the tool is graphite material.\ngraphite tool graphite 57h088 graphite tools 3ds max plugins.\ngraphite tool graphite multi tool 300w 59g021 graphite material.\ngraphite tool cut peel tool foam graphite material sales.\ngraphite tool base either table top or torch mount and a series of interchangable marver tops and press attachments additional lampwork tools round out the system ultra steel tools reviews.\ngraphite tool graphite tools 3ds max models.\ngraphite tool graphite material.\ngraphite tool article preview drawing with graphite tools.\ngraphite tool graphite paddle guarino groovy tool how to make graphite tools for glass.\ngraphite tool graphite tool graphite tools.\ngraphite tool survey resultsanalysis nagios was the most widely used tool followed by amazon cloudwatch and new drawing with graphite tools.\ngraphite tool log monitoring tool graphite by xmodulo graphite tools for glass.\ngraphite tool blending tool use in graphite charcoal soft pastel graphite tools 3ds max student.\ngraphite tool graphite tool for monitoring and evaluation.\ngraphite tool 41pcs professional drawing artist sketch set charcoal pencil graphite eraser art craft painting tool graphite tool for monitoring attendance.\ngraphite tool dltsg600 series diamond coating of graphite end mill graphite tools review.\ngraphite tool graphite the tool panel allows you to access graphites extensive drafting tool collection graphite tools lampworking.\ngraphite tool cordless power tools set cordless tools graphite drill set graphite drill set v liion energy lens xah in carrying case g.\ngraphite tool like graylog the graphite and grafana combination needs agents on the linux and windows boxes to be able to send metrics to graphite in the case of linux graphite tool for monitoring and evaluation.\ngraphite tool graphite tools graphite 59g243 994967 graphite 59g243 994967 graphite tool for monitoring strategic marketing.\ngraphite tool an example screenshot below shows the tooltips pop up when hovering over the ring selection tool from the graphite modeling toolsmodify selection panel graphite material for produce.\ngraphite tool graphite tools graphite 59g071 004642 graphite 59g071 004642 graphite tool for monitoring fuel.\ngraphite tool experimentation is a key element in understanding the behavior of physical phenomena and consists of deliberately changing system variables in order to graphite tool for monitoring network.\ngraphite tool graphite tools graphite 59g716 graphite 59g716 graphite tools 3ds max download.\ngraphite tool graphite tools for glass.", "label": "No"} {"text": "operating modes24 links - and 1 categories\nYou can try similar termsoperating modes ham radio operating modes 50 mhz operating operating cw international operating mobile operating operating a beacon operating aids operating frequency operating guide operating manual operating manual for yae operating manuals operating mode operating systems\nGet our links, Everywhere!\nSign up for daily Newsletter\nService provided by Google FeedBurner\nFree for your Site\nAdd our gadgets to your siteDaily Top 10 links", "label": "No"} {"text": "Epidemiologic Surveillance Site\nPlone Site for Epidemiologic Surveillance\nRedTurtle provided Arpa Emilia Romagna with a Plone site aimed at the epidemiologic surveillance of people living in the vicinities of waste treatment plants. The website has both an informative and a scientific value, and is the expression of several core missions about safeguarding people and environment, typical of this Regional Agency.\nData: December 2012", "label": "No"} {"text": "select 2017 high quality cement batching machine factory products varied in certification, cement bale breaking machine for concrete batching plants fob price\nchina bale breaker machine select 2017 high quality bale breaker machine products varied in material processed, cement bale breaking machine for concrete\ngreat efficiency in supplying cement for concrete batching plant. 2, used together with pneumatic cement charger and other cement storage equipment. 3,\nespecially for concrete batching plant. what are the main features of pbj series cement bag splitter? factory price 25kg 50kg powder cement bale breaker\nchina pld1200 concrete plant machine with three hopper, find details about china concrete batching machine, concrete mixing batching plant cement concrete\nchina ton steel cement silo for concrete batching plant (bulk material), find details about china cement silos, hydraulic tank factory cement machine factory\nchina concrete batching machine with three hopper pld1200, find details about china concrete batching machine, concrete mixer from concrete batching machine\ncement silos, cement tank for concrete batching plant, cement storage silo manufacturer / supplier in china, offering snc100 cement silo with steel welding\npowder bale breaking machine for concrete batching plant , the cement dustless bale opener machine is my company developed a fully view our factory.\nvery low price cement bale breaking machine for concrete mixer,ready mixed concrete batching plant,sand cement factory cement bale breaker\nconcrete & cement mixers,silo cement,mobile concrete batching plant. module type mobile concrete batching plant factory. bucket concrete batching plant,\nce iso approved cement bale breaking machine for concrete batching fly ash / sand lime bricks / cement plant & machinery .. v batching system for weighing\ncement bale breaking machine for concrete for concrete batching plants fob price cement factory concrete batching plant ce\nconcrete mixing plant also named concrete batching plant is ce certified cement bale breaking machine. 985 products factory cyl30/b 1t 2t bale breaker\nmobile concrete factory concrete batching plant plant, china hot sale factory cement bale good price jzc300 electric concrete mixer machine\nce,iso hzs35 vietnam concrete batching plant 0.8m3 construction machine concrete batching plant concrete price factory plant cement concrete batching\nbale breaking machine for concrete batching price concrete batching station. concrete batching plant,concrete batching plant china cement concrete factory\nconcrete & cement mixers,silo cement,mobile concrete batching plant. concrete mixer, concrete batching plant, twin shaft concrete mixing machine can be\nconstruction machinery buy concrete batching plant hzs40 price,size concrete mixer cement mixing machine factory/plant supplier\nnext story big big discount cement bale breaking machine used for concrete h concrete batching plant for a jinlong concrete mixing plant factory\nconcrete mixing plant also named concrete batching plant is widely used cement bag breaking machine on high quality machine factory\nbatching plant (pld800) js1000 concrete cement mixer skip hoist; 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When broad and sine-like, these pulsations may indicate thermal emission from hot polar caps at the magnetic poles on the neutron star surface. We report confident detections (≥4.7σ after background filtering) of X-ray pulsations for five of the seven pulsars in our target sample: PSR J0614−3329, PSR J0636+5129, PSR J0751+1807, PSR J1012+5307, and PSR J2241−5236, while PSR J1552+5437 and PSR J1744−1134 remain undetected. Of those, only PSR J0751+1807 and PSR J1012+5307 had pulsations previously detected at the 1.7σ and almost 3σ confidence levels, respectively, in XMM-Newton data. All detected sources exhibit broad sine-like pulses, which are indicative of surface thermal radiation. As such, these MSPs are promising targets for future X-ray observations aimed at constraining the neutron star mass–radius relation and the dense matter equation of state using detailed pulse profile modeling. Furthermore, we find that three of the detected MSPs exhibit a significant phase offset between their X-ray and radio pulses.\n|Journal||Astrophysical Journal Letters|\n|Number of pages||15|\n|Publication status||Published - 2019|\n- Neutron stars\n- Rotation powered pulsars\n- Millisecond pulsars\n- X-ray identification", "label": "No"} {"text": "That raises the count to 22 teams that have gone fishing or to play golf.\nOnly 10 teams still standing.\nThe way the season started and has gone I would have never dreamed we would still be alive.\nAnd, around 4pm today here's to hoping we will be part of the final 8!!!", "label": "No"} {"text": "Watching solids crystallise using in situ powder diffraction\nThe study of the chemical processes that occur during the synthesis of inorganic solids has attracted much recent attention. The ultimate aim of these experiments is the atomic level understanding of reaction mechanisms which lead to the formation of extended inorganic solids, so that rational design of new materials can be achieved. Solid-state syntheses are typically performed under non-ambient temperature and pressures in sealed containers so specialised apparatus must be constructed to allow us to directly probe these reaction mixtures. We review the use of in situ powder diffraction to investigate the formation of crystalline solids in real time, and discuss the latest developments in the technology required for these challenging experiments.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Site Update – August 22, 2023:\nDuring the week of August 14th, remediation equipment was mobilized to the site and the additional, or ‘polishing’, In-Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) treatment event for groundwater in the northern portion of the site was initiated. Based on updated groundwater monitoring information, an additional two injection well locations were added to the polishing event, bringing the total injection locations to 14. Potassium permanganate, used to break down contaminants into harmless compounds, was emplaced at 5 of the 14 injection well locations. Installation of polishing event emplacements will continue next week, and semi-annual groundwater monitoring will continue to be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ISCO treatment process.\nPlease be aware that this is an active and secured site. Thank you for respecting the safety boundaries and please do not enter the site for any reason.\nIf you have any questions regarding site activities, please see the contact section of this website.", "label": "No"} {"text": "These slim water tanks are designed to be unseen, and the ease of handling was part of the design process from the start. View our brochure to learn more about stormPANEL.\nDimensions: 1,950mm high x 1,520mm long x 460mm deep\n2,000L stormPANEL (JUST LAUNCHED)\nDimensions: 1,950mm high x 3,130mm long x 460mm deep", "label": "No"} {"text": "Temperature-programmed desorption curves of m/z 27 of hydrogen cyanide HCN without exposure to the room-temperature atomic H-beam at 15 K (dotted line), and with exposure during 20 min (dashed line), one hour (dotted-dashed line) and three hours (full line). The warm atomic H2 beam induces a change in morphology that shifts the desorption maximum to higher temperatures, as shown by the TPD curve obtained after three hours exposure to the H2 beam with the plasma discharge off (large dashed line).\nCurrent usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.\nData correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.\nInitial download of the metrics may take a while.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Systech Environmental Corporation – Tulsa Resource Recovery Facility\nSystech Environmental Corporation operates a permitted hazardous waste receiving and storage facility situated within the Tulsa Cement Plant property. The Systech facility consists of two large storage tanks and a truck off-loading area. Wastes are accepted by Systech for blending into fuel which is transported by pipe and burned as fuel in the adjacent Tulsa Cement plant. Tulsa Cement also has a permit for the waste fuel burning.\nNOTE: some of the permit files may take some time to download because of their size.", "label": "No"} {"text": "wall and floor prep for new liner in pool above ground replacement vinyl.\nfantastical metal wall pool prefabricated swimming pools structure durable steel frame installation kits replacement art above ground.\nabove ground pool frame replacement parts swimming com liners wall canada f.\nclick to enlarge above ground pool wall replacement canada no brace sierra resin oval closeout.\nabove ground pool showroom teddy bear pools and spas pertaining to wall replacement elegant along with attractiv.\nabove ground pool wall replacement panel going to replace my liner need some advice.\nabove ground pool liner types wall replacement swimming liners.\nimage titled choose the correct replacement liner for above ground pools step 1 pool wall panel abo.\nwall replacements gladiator lacrosse clips shower replacement panels above 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Favorites Raw material electronic waste material,broken plastic, automobile broken material,silica gel,rubber papaer,wood,etc,from plasticGet Price\nMagnetic separators for coolant magnetic separator design. the coolant was recharged monthly, due to saturation with metal fines and tramp oil. installing the fsmb\nThe offered range of product industrial magnetic drum separator is ideally used to separate iron scraps and contamination from non\nWe are a distinguished manufacturer and supplier of a magnetic separation equipment, hump magnet, vibrating machines. it is well\nMagnetic coolant separator manufacturer and suppliers india, permanent magnetic drum pulley, suspension magnet, drawer magnet, channel magnet, plate magnet, hopper magnet, funnel magnet, trap magnet, hand magnet\nLhgc vertical loop high gradient wet magnetic separator gyw series vacuum permanent magnetic filter separator rgt series high\nRoll magnetic separator aksa magnet. ... that can be effortlessly separated from the machine the wet low intensity magnetic separators is a ingenious product ... inquire now prediction of separation performance of dry high intensity ...\nThese dhims provide maximum efficiency in the separation of weak magnetic particles for product purification applications. eriez applied sophisticated finite element analysis in magnetic circuit design to produce an energyfree separator capable of generating the exceptionally high field\nWe, nirmal magnet industries are among the leading manufacturers, suppliers, importers and exporters of magnetic products such as magnetic separators, door catch and earth magnetic equipment. our range of products extends to magnetic humps, magnetic drum separators, magnetic grids, magnetic plates, suspension magnets, and magnetic traps.\nThe coolant with iron impurities come into contact with magnetic drum and extracts all iron particles.the magnetic drum is kept clean at all times by a spring steel blade scrapping along the circumference.a rubber 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at\nWet high intensity magnetic separators we at star trace are recognized manufacturer supplier of wet high intensity magnetic separator whims wet high intensity magnetic separator designs develops manufactures and markets magnetic separation equipment for beneficiating weakly magnetic minerals and for purifying nonmetallic minerals\nThe magnetic field passes through the coolant flow, so all the liquid comes into contact with the high intensity magnetic field. ferrous contaminant attaches itself to the rotating drum where it is being cleaned continuously by a profiled scraper. the contaminant is pushed along the scraper\nA wide variety of magnetic coolant separator options are available to you, there are 117 suppliers who sells magnetic coolant separator on alibaba.com, mainly located in asia. the top countries of suppliers are china, india, from which the percentage of magnetic coolant separator supply is 95\nWet high intensity magnetic separators we at star trace are recognized manufacturer, supplier of wet high intensity magnetic separator whims. wet high intensity magnetic separator designs, develops, manufactures and markets magnetic separation equipment for beneficiating weakly magnetic minerals, and for purifying non\nLt sponsored listing the magnetic separator combines the characteristics of international advanced high intensity magnetic separators, which is so far the high intensity magnetic separator of best performance and most advanced technology. this magnetic separator has the advantages of large beneficiation ratio, high security and convenient operation etc.", "label": "No"} {"text": "I work for a company that sets up high end phone systems for businesses.\nClient: We want our system to work exactly like the previous phone system we had.\nMe: Okay, well this can do most of the same things as that system, but it’s not going to work exactly the same.\nClient: But we need it to be the same.\nMe: All the things you had listed as needs are things our system can do, but the devices we use are different, so it’s going to work slightly differently. We will teach you the differences.\nClient: No, no, we need it to be exactly the same.\nMe: Can I ask, why did you leave your other provider then?\nClient: It wasn’t working out. The system didn’t work the way we wanted it to.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Have the option to configure special/specific notification sounds based on keywords\nCurrently it is not possible to have notifications triggered based on keywords, for example if there are any emergency keywords, a certain ringtone or vibration (or both) will be triggered.\nThis would be important in the event of any emergency that requires immediate action.\nWould it correspond to what you're looking for? https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/issues/17873\nHI, any updates in this?\nJoe McLaughlin commented\nThis would be particularly useful for infrastructure alerts, good idea.\nGood idea .", "label": "No"} {"text": "Chereau has embarked on a three-year partnership with the first hydrogen vessel to sail around the world, Energy Observer.\nThe Normandy-based automaker is committed to the industrialisation and marketing of refrigerated hydrogen vehicles and engages in the promotion of the hydrogen sector in France.\nChereau is making progress in setting up its production structure for hydrogen vehicles via a technical partnership and is continuing operational tests via a partnership with Delanchy Group, a main partner of Energy Observer.\nThe Chereau Hydrogen Power H2 refrigerated semi-trailer produces its cold without CO2 or particle emissions (the only emission being water vapor), with completely silent operation and an operating mode that does not change customer habits because the hydrogen recharge takes only ten minutes.\nThrough its partnership with Energy Observer, Chereau will continue its efforts to deploy concrete systems that offer an alternative to fossil fuels.", "label": "No"} {"text": "HDT designs and manufactures the air purification products required to protect personnel at remote mission locations. In the event of the release of toxic chemicals, the only effective protection is a collective protection system specifically designed to remove CBRN agents from the air supply. These systems protect personnel by supplying filtered outdoor air and overpressurization of the internal space. Outdoor air must be filtered to provide protection against agents released externally. HDT’s air purification products provide effective protection with safe, clean and breathable air.", "label": "No"} {"text": "19 November 2014 at 00:23:58 MST\na Ballooncha's stress training regiment\nconsists of a few voodoo balloons and a healthy dose of full incense\nto ensure a strong healthy full grown pokemon.\nsketchmission for failmate\non 25 September 2017 at 16:11:31 MDT\nIs someone gonna pop?", "label": "No"} {"text": "Heat recovery steam generators for oil production\nOnce-through heat recovery steam generators designed to raise oil recovery from formations feature a specialized design, which ensures steam generation directly at the oil production facilities.\n- The ability to replace conventional steam generators with once-through heat recovery boilers providing significant savings in plant operating costs at simultaneous reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere on an annual basis;\n- The entire boiler plant complies with Russian standards with the provision of all certificates required for commissioning at the request of the regulatory authorities of the Russian Federation;\nIf required, PJSC Krasny Kotelshchik performs the delivery of the plant as a complete set, assembly of the “boiler island”, pre-commissioning, commissioning of the plant on a turnkey basis and after-sales service.\nPJSC Krasny Kotelshchik provides warranty service and supplies necessary spare parts for the warranty period of the equipment operation. The service program encompasses a broad spectrum of services throughout the entire service life of the equipment: monitoring its condition, diagnostics of its status, fault prevention (during scheduled shutdowns), repairs, supply and replacement with spare parts and components, while guaranteeing high quality and reliability of operation.", "label": "No"} {"text": "The chat server was having issues over the weekend. It appears the problem has been resolved. If you continue to have issues getting into the system please let us know.\nThis article would not be possible without the extensive efforts of the SimplyInfo research team\nJoin the conversation at chat.simplyinfo.org\n© 2011-2023 SimplyInfo.org, Fukuleaks.org All Rights Reserved Content cited, quoted etc. from other sources is under the respective rights of that content owner. If you are viewing this page on any website other than http://www.simplyinfo.org (or http://www.fukuleaks.org) it may be plagiarized, please let us know. If you wish to reproduce any of our content in full or in more than a phrase or quote, please contact us first to obtain permission.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Additional file 1.\nHAX1 nuclear localization detected by immunofluorescence. Methods and Results sections for detecting HAX-1-GFP fusion protein in transfected MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Nuclear localization of the fusion protein was detected in about 21% of the cells.\nFormat: PDF Size: 57KB Download file\nThis file can be viewed with: Adobe Acrobat Reader\nTrebinska et al. BMC Cancer 2010 10:76 doi:10.1186/1471-2407-10-76", "label": "No"} {"text": "Since the late 1970s it has been possible to provide incipient fire detection in an ever-more diverse range of applications. Generally speaking, this has provided a high degree of protection for the entire area, but with very little ability to pinpoint incident location.\nFor the first time it now becomes a realistic proposition to apply dedicated detection for areas which may have been borderline decisions for Incipient Detection technology in the past, or for small rooms and critical value equipment.\nStratos-Micra compliments both conventional detectors and other aspirating detectors such as the Stratos-HSSD system.\nStratos-Micra 25 is designed to provide very high sensitivity smoke detection in an ultra small package.\nClassiFire Perceptive Artificial Intelligence ensures that the detector operates at optimum sensitivity for the protected environment, without the need for complex setup. This means the product will configure itself to provide high sensitivity in a computer room or reduced sensitivity in a smoky area.\nThe detector is designed to fit into a Docking Station. All sampling pipes and cables are connected to the Docking Station as a first fix operation leaving the detector to be fitted during the final commissioning phase if required. This ensures that detectors are less likely to be damaged during the installation. Volt-free contacts ensure compatibility with any fire alarm", "label": "No"} {"text": "Plant operators required for a site at Navi Mumbai\nITI or Diploma Chemical required for Plant operation in Navi Mumbai\nRetired Civil Engineer required for the job opportunity at Mumbai. Persons must be retired from state or central government department or organisation.\nretired Civil Engineer", "label": "No"} {"text": "Terrazzo Tile Machine\nYou May Also Be Interested In:\nterrazzo tile machine\nMachinery for concrete production facilities like concrete block plant, roof tile plant, pipe plant, batching plant, artificial concrete marbles, tiles and stones plant and all concrete pre-cast elements system.\nMachines and plants for the production of traditional\ndouble-layers and single-layer thin terrazzo tiles for\nindoor and outdoor application.\nSupply all necessary ancillary equipment from wear & spare parts, modular linear\ngrinding machine, automatic bevelling machines, sawing\nmachines, rubber moulding, equipment for water cleaning,\ndirect washers, dosers, mixers and moulds.", "label": "No"} {"text": "The Department of Radiation Oncology provides several academic training options for students, physicians, and researchers. Our residency program provides foundational training to physicians and physicists entering the radiation oncology specialty.\nBi-monthly Educational Program eNewsletter\n- July/August 2021: https://sway.office.com/Fjm4gyynZD5DO1gf?ref=Link\n- September/October 2021: https://sway.office.com/3F2XsDn5DDIHUyb2?ref=Link\n- November/December 2021: https://sway.office.com/aCDH5cQlpiwJZYkH?ref=Link\n- 1st Quarter 2022: https://sway.office.com/3DXtl24TloyiEBQq?ref=Link\n- May/June 2022: https://sway.office.com/HC4Wo3g6ffZbvYnQ?ref=Link", "label": "No"} {"text": "Update Amber! Update! I have not been updating lately. I am a bad person. But I will try! Tonight I am going to the high school hockey game! I am super excited. Nikki, Jon, and Smash are coming. It was just going to be us girls, but Jon wanted to come. Which I am really happy about. I was surprised because he told me that he doesn’t like hockey. I guess he wanted to be with me. So I am pretty happy.What else is new? I don’t think anything really. Actually, I am kind of hungry. I could probably help that by getting something to eat! But what? I don’t think we have too much around here.I am really sick of having 3 email accounts. I should shut the other 2 down. I get so much junk mail. FREE SEX! Like I couldn’t get free sex anyways.But I think I am going to go read and eat now. Have a nice day!", "label": "No"} {"text": "I am a theoretical physicist at the Paris Centre for Cosmological Physics. I love thinking about physics and communicating it to the public. My research has focused on topics including cosmology, superstring theory, and particle physics.\nPostdoctoral Researcher, Paris Centre for Cosmological Physics\nPostdoctoral Researcher, Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics\nPostdoctoral Researcher, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory", "label": "No"} {"text": "D4.7 Experimental determination of macro-kinetic calcination/carbonation data for the investigated Chinese and reference raw meal qualities\nA micro-fluidized bed thermogravimetric analysis (MFB-TGA) method based on real-time mass measurement of solid sample inside a fluidized bed was developed. This technique was used to measure the fast reaction kinetics of CaO carbonation in calcium looping with similar characteristics of a strong mass and heat transfer in the fluidized bed reactor. The effects of particle size, temperature, and CO2 concentration on the fast reaction kinetics of CaO carbonation were investigated. The experimental data measured upon MFB-TGA were interpreted with a K-L two-phase fluidized bed model to evaluate the effect of gas exchange between the bubble phase and the emulsion phase on the carbonation kinetics. We concluded that the kinetics of CaO carbonation measured by MFB-TGA were faster than those measured via regular TGA. The reaction rate constant (ks) was 8.0×10−10 m4/(mol·s), the activation energy of the carbonation reaction was near zero, and the reaction was first order when the CO2 concentration was within 50 vol% (1 bar). This MFB-TGA method provides a new experimental idea and method for measuring gas–solid reaction kinetics occurring inside fluidized bed reactors.", "label": "No"} {"text": "There are no further releases of 3.0.x (i.e. a 3.0.3) planned at this time.\nCDT 3.1 is planned to be released at the same time as Eclipse 3.2. Current plan items are here. This release of the Callisto simultaneous release that involves the Eclipse platform, the CDT, and eight other projects.\nCDT 4.0 will be released in the summer 2007. This will be a major release that will feature better multi-language support, project creation templates, amongst other improvements.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Once we had central air conditioning installed, I didn’t think we needed to hang on to the old window air conditioning units.\n- I told my husband I was going to put them in the newspaper and try to get some of our money back.\nHe didn’t think this was a wise thing to do. He asked me what we were going to do if the central air conditioning didn’t work well. The central air conditioning unit had better work so well that it would feel like winter instead of summer. If it didn’t work well this summer, the HVAC company was going to pay to have it replaced. I wanted to get rid of the window air conditioning units. He told me we may need them for the upstairs bedrooms. The HVAC technician told us that since we didn’t get excellent to those two rooms, we probably would have poor air conditioning. I frowned, knowing he may be right, but I didn’t want the window air conditioning units in the windows all winter long. I knew there was insulation around them, but there was still a small draft. That was one reason we installed central air conditioning. My husband kept coming up with odd reasons to keep them, but the only reason I had was to use them in the upstairs bedrooms. He promised he would carry them upstairs, and we could store them in the closets until we needed them. As much as I hated to admit it, he was probably right. I helped him carry the air conditioning units upstairs, and we tucked them away in a closet.", "label": "No"} {"text": "It has been an accredited laboratory by ACCREDIA since 18.11.2010, and is currently the only one in Italy accredited for:\nThe updated list and all the accredited tests are directly available at the following Link.\nAccreditation is based on the technical competency of the laboratory in carrying out specific tests or determining types of tests and assessing the quality system of the laboratory. Accredia accreditation exclusively regards the tests and does not imply the certification of the products on which the tests are carried out.\nFor further information consult www.accredia.it", "label": "No"} {"text": "Commercial-scale Grid Back-up Systems\nNDCPower’s EOS Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) modules utilize a liquid fuel to provide power for critical systems. Unlike traditional battery back-up systems, EOS Uninterruptible Power Supply modules can be refueled to ensure reliable power during extended grid interruptions. In addition, the EOS modules utilize alcohol-based fuels and do not produce CO2, ensuring renewable, sustainable green-power operation.\nNDCProvides complete systems, service, and training to ensure seamless integration into data centers, telecom installations, medical centers, and other commercial facilities with critical electric power dependence.\n- 8kW and greater\n- Telecommunications, Datacenter, Business or Emergency Equipment", "label": "No"} {"text": "Event Tracing Samples\nThe Platform Software Development Kit (SDK) contains complete event tracing samples. These samples are located in the Samples\\WinBase\\EventTrace directory. The root of this path is the base installation directory of the PSDK. You can download the PSDK from https://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=A55B6B43-E24F-4EA3-A93E-40C0EC4F68E5.\nThe following table describes the samples contained in the Samples\\WinBase\\EventTrace directory.\n|TraceDmp||An event trace consumer. It decodes the event data using the format information obtained from WMI and outputs the data in a .csv file.|\n|TraceDp||Uses the event trace provider API to provide event trace data to the logger or a consumer.|\n|TraceLog||Uses the event trace controller API to manage logging sessions.|\nFor detailed descriptions, see the Readme.txt file included with these samples.", "label": "No"} {"text": "We always bring quality service with 100% sincerity\nStone Crushing Machine : Ce iso sgs approved wet mix 50m3 precast concrete batching plant - We provide customers with a variety of good quality construction and mining crushing equipment, and optimize the combination of various types of equipment to meet different process needs.Inquiry Online\nHign-tech Zone, Zhengzhou, ChinaInquiry Online\n15t h ce and iso mobile concrete mixing plant. find top quality concrete batching plant mobile concrete ce approved 18m mobile. mobile concrete batching plant ready mix mobile concrete batch. mobile concrete batching plant for sale . iso / ce 75 m3/h mobile concrete batching plant 18. 5 yhzs75 ready mix concrete batching plant for ccc approved mobile concrete mixing plant yhzs40..\nAbout 83% of these are concrete batching plant, 1% are other machinery & industry equipment, and 1% are artificial plant. ... patent ce&iso certificated mini mobile concrete batching plant for sale . us $10000-20000 / set . 1 set (min. order) ... china best bona mobile concrete batching plant 60m3/h hzs60 . us $30000-100000 / set . 1 set (min.\nBuy dry mix concrete plant elba - bl machineries. ce approved manufacture factory price concrete mixer batching plant. us $2300 (min. order) elba hzs50 wet mix concrete batching plant precast concrete plant equipment. us $10300 26500 / set. 1 set (min. order) 25 to 75 m3 small mini ready mix concrete batch plant for sale quality reliable.\nCe approved 50m3/fh precast concrete batching plant price ce certificate 50m3 h hzs50 concrete. ce iso 120t fh concrete concrete mixing plant. 50m3 fh ready mixed concrete batching plant with iso of. ce iso bv approved concrete batching plant for sale. twin shaft price of fixed batching plant with high. concrete mixing station with ce.\nCe iso certified yhzs50 50m3/h movable ce iso certified yhzs50 8 50m3 fh 9 movable hzs50 high quality concrete batching mixer plant 50m3/h factory price hzs150 movable concrete batching plant ce&iso certified ready mix concrete batching plant for yhzs50 50m3/fh ce certified mobile wex 2018 8 4 a a machinery made co., ltd. liebherr concrete.\nCe iso low cost concrete batching plant hzs120. iso and ce approved hzs120 meka. yhzs75 low cost meka mobile concrete batching 35m3/h iso/ce approved concrete mixing plant hzs120 iso iso, hzs120 dry concrete mixing plant . high productivity iso approved hzs120. concrete mix machine alibaba. high productivity forced type js2000 concrete mixing machine on sale. compare . hongfa pan.\nCe iso sgs approved wet mix 50m3 precast concrete. concrete batching plant works - ready mix machine - iso certified hzs50 ready mixed concrete mobile ready mixed concrete mixing plant high quality ce iso sgs quality mini mix concrete concrete plantus batch mix 50 which can reservecement.\nChina mb mobile concrete batching plant catalog of sddom mb1200 mobile concrete batching plant on sale, patent ce & iso easy to transport mobile concrete batching plant with best service provided by china manufacturer - shandong dom machinery equipment co., ltd.,.\nChina precast concrete plant manufacturers - select 2020 high quality precast concrete plant products in best price from certified chinese construction machinery manufacturers, construction machine suppliers, wholesalers and factory on.\nHzs25 hzs35 hzs75 concrete batching plant on sale/concrete batching plant germany iso approved ready mix concrete batch plant for sale with factory price... biciklo.me - view topic - sincola electric concrete mixing.\nLow cost concrete batch mix plant yhzs75 75m3/h ce hzs25 concrete batching plant specification; 50m3/h . sgs,ce,iso approved concrete batching plant h ce certificate precast concrete plant hzs90 ce approved precast concrete batching plant luwei supply competitive price bolted. wet mix 10m3/h mobile concrete mixing plant, specification.\nMobile precast concrete batching plant mobile ce sgs certificate hzs60 mixing plant stationary low cost concrete batch mix plant php 5,000,000 stationary import from china 3ton large wheel loader (wet type) is used for mass volume production of cement and used for commercial purposes. this plant is used for long term project for roads.\nNew belt type wet mixed stationary pre-mix concrete home hzs plant new belt type wet mixed stationary pre-mix concrete batching plant mobile concrete batching plants mobile batch plants are a perfect match for temporary construction sites and frequent relocation as they can be easily set up or dismantled in just only 1-2 days on minimum or.\nSgs,ce,iso approved european standard hzs25 ready mix skip hoist skip hoist hzs50 50m3/h concrete concrete mixing plant skip hoist manufacturer. 2018 4 9 cheap stylish small stationary concrete mixing plant hzs50 .. plant hzs75 batching plants hzs75 concrete rmc wet 50m3 / h concrete mixing factory direct sell standard hzs50 ... make us an.\nCopyright © 2020 Berlio Machinery Company All rights reserved", "label": "No"} {"text": "Emmys.com required a migration of two Drupal 6 sites (emmys.com and emmys.tv) into one main Drupal 7 site emmys.com. The project required an entire site re-build and restructuring with a large amount of content and images. Furthermore, the site was expected to receive 3 Million page hits on Primetime Emmys Show night. The project was on a very tight timeline and had at one point 13 developers working to complete the project. The site was completed on time and was able to withstand the 3.5 Million page hits and 719k unique visitors!\nSill Media's role was the co-lead developer specifically working on site-building and front-end theming.", "label": "No"} {"text": "QANTAS HEAVY MAINTENANCE FACILITY\nGary Kyriacou was involved in architectural design services, including concept and detailed design for the redevelopment of the heavy maintenance facility at the Qantas Maintenance Base, Tullamarine. The objective of the projective was to provide a facility appropriate for Qantas’s new fleet of aircraft.\nThe scope of works included the design of replacement Aircraft Maintenance Docking facilities and associated locker rooms, the refurbishment of existing offices, and the design of a new mezzanine floor within Hangar 101 at the Tullamarine Maintenance Facility.\nThis project was completed whilst Gary was a Director with HBO+EMTB.\nCommercial in Confidence", "label": "No"} {"text": "Gilgit-Baltistan government is executing small power generation projects to overcome energy shortage.\nFoundation stone of 3.5 MW Hydel Power Project at Bagrote will be laid tomorrow [Friday].\nGround breaking ceremony of one MW Hydel power station in Danyore will also be performed the same day.\nBoth power projects would be completed at a cost of 645 million rupees.\nChief Minister Gilgit-Baltistan Hafiz Hafeez-ur-Rehman will perform ground breaking of these projects.", "label": "No"} {"text": "This work would not be possible without the support of many individual reviewers and experts that offered contributions and critical feedback. They are (in alphabetical order):\nBart De Win\nThe Software Assurance Maturity Model (SAMM) was originally developed, designed, and written by Pravir Chandra (chandra-at-owasp-dot-org), an independent software security consultant. Creation of the first draft was made possible through funding from Fortify Software, Inc. This document is currently maintained and updated through the OpenSAMM Project led by Pravir Chandra. Since the initial release of SAMM, this project has become part of the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP).", "label": "No"} {"text": "AIDs Walk Austin\ndinner cruise on the lake\nFriday, August 10, 5:30–7:30 pm.\nSunday, August 12, 3 pm. Clayton Gibson will be giving a presentation on the work of the QWELL Community Foundation.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Los Banos Courthouse\nMVE played a crucial role in the Los Banos Courthouse project by providing land surveying services. Swinerton, the general contractor, oversaw the construction process on behalf of the client, the Superior Court of California. The project involved the development of a 29,511-square-foot facility, which was successfully completed in 2017. Through effective collaboration between MVE and Swinerton, the Los Banos Courthouse project met the requirements and expectations of the client, delivering a high-quality judicial facility.\nLos Banos, CA", "label": "No"} {"text": "I'm trying to get some homebrew running, and I need the 1.50 kernel installed to do it. I have a Japanese phat.\nMy question is this: will any 1.50 work to install the kernel? Or do I need to get the Japanese 1.50? If I do need the Japanese version, where would I get it?\nI had the 1.50 kernel installed a couple years ago, but it isn't there anymore, since I'm not running 3.50 (or whatever I had back then) anymore.\nAny help would be much appreciated.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Health and Safety Management\nHealth and Safety Management is the process of creating and implementing policies, procedures, and systems to ensure the safety of personnel, equipment, and the environment in a maintenance operation. It involves identifying potential hazards, assessing risks, and developing strategies to reduce or eliminate them. Health and Safety Management also includes training personnel on safety protocols, monitoring compliance, and conducting regular safety audits. It is an essential part of any maintenance operation, as it helps to ensure the safety of personnel, equipment, and the environment.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Alcohol Policy UK evaluation: short user survey\nPlease take a few minutes to complete our short evaluation survey here.\nThe survey is intended for users of Alcohol Policy UK to support evaluation of the site and its content.\nThe survey should not take longer than a few minutes to complete and closes on Friday 10th December 2016 - www.surveymonkey.co.uk/r/APUK2016eval\nAlcohol Academy evaluation: additional short survey\nThe Alcohol Academy has also carried out other activity with the aim of supporting alcohol harm reduction. The survey seeks views of those familiar with the Academy and its functions to help assess its impact to date.", "label": "No"} {"text": "We have only a few missions:\nThis is the easy part.\nSimply call us at 289-600-7540 or flip us an email to learn about our professional fuel cleaning services. We will ask you a few questions such as your concerns, fuel volume and site address. Based on your response, we discuss some basic options regarding your fuel and make arrangements for a site visit.\nThe purpose of the site visit is to sample the fuel, discuss options, ascertain site conditions and generally to get to know you as a client.\nUless we have prior experience at the site, we generally will not quote a job until the site visit has been completed.\nThe fuel samples will be analysed visually, checked for moisture content and particulate.\nA fuel analysis report will be generated and emailed to you.\nIf work is required, we will also provide a written quote.\nThere is generally no charge for the site visit and fuel analysis if the site is in the Greater Toronto Area. If a charge is to apply, it will generally be for travel time and will be quoted prior to any site visit.\nThe fuel polishing process is based on cleaning the fuel to specific ISO particulate levels which are outlined in the quote. Unless otherwise indicated, the fuel will be treated with Fuel Right Conditioner prior to polishing.\nOnce the polishing process is complete, a fuel report is issued indicating the fuel condition for particulate and moisture and recommendations to maintain the fuel at acceptable specifications.\nWe use only AXI equipment for fuel polishing. Experience has taught us that using the best equipment is better for everybody.\nSee, it’s easy.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Try this: update to WordPress 4.2 beta 2 and drag the “Press This” to your bookmark bar. Visit a URL that you like and poof. I just did that on a Flickr photo and I was able to select the image… Continue Reading →\nI svn’ed the latest 2.9 beta on my blog, so far so good. It’s visually the same as 2.8 so I think user acceptance will be good.\nI’m now using Firefox 3.5 beta 4. They bumped up the version from 3.1 beta 3 to 3.5 beta 4. Beta 3 worked really well so I expect beta 4 to be “betterer”.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Sounds like you have a leak somewhere you can add some fuel dye and get a dye light and find the leak that way.\nJanuary, 2, 2012 AT 9:55 PM\nI showed my car to garage they told to change fuel filter and check. Should I change fuel filter?\nJanuary, 2, 2012 AT 10:00 PM\nSo they said the fuel filter was leaking?\nJanuary, 2, 2012 AT 10:10 PM\nThey just told to change fuel filter and check and still it smells then it might be a leak. SO is fuel filter like a air filter?\nJanuary, 2, 2012 AT 10:18 PM\nYes all the fuel filter filters the fuel coming from the take like the air filter filters the air coming into the engine. If it smells like a leak unless the fuel filter is leaking then I dint know how replacing it would stop that smell.I would try out the fuel dye and the light.\nJanuary, 2, 2012 AT 10:25 PM\nMy car the fuel tank is behind so I got a air filter type. Is that call fuel filter?\nJanuary, 2, 2012 AT 10:35 PM\nDoes the filter hook to the pressure line coming off the fuel tank?\nJanuary, 2, 2012 AT 10:39 PM\nYea because its like a air filter in the fuel tank where all fuel pipes r there. So tht is tht fuel filter?\nJanuary, 3, 2012 AT 12:13 AM\nI have no info on your car because its a european model I only have info on cars sold in the usa. But iam still trying to help you here. Do you have a pic of what your talking about?", "label": "No"} {"text": "The consultative meeting on the annual development program for the year 22-2021 in the P&D department continued for the second day today. In today’s meeting, a detailed review of the annual development program of health, irrigation, and agriculture departments was given. The meeting was chaired by Additional Chief Secretary of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Shakeel Qadir Khan. The meeting was attended by P&D officials, including secretaries of relevant departments.\nThe meeting also reviewed the progress made so far on the annual development program for the year 2020-21. After completion of work on ADP for the year 2021-22, a brief will be given to the Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Priority has been given to complete the ongoing development projects in the year 22-2021", "label": "No"} {"text": "The energy transferred to a copper surface by bombardment with Xe+, Ar+, and He+ ions with kinetic energies in the range 100-4000 eV has been studied by our group in previous experiments. There were significant experimental uncertainties for that data at energies below about 200 eV. The present investigation overlaps the previous work, extends the energy range to 10 eV, and includes data for Ne+. Particular emphasis is placed on the energy range below 200eV. A specially designed ion source was employed in these experiments. A polycrystalline copper film deposited onto a highly sensitive calorimeter was used as the target material. The results show that the Xe+ ion deposits more than 97% of its energy over the entire range investigated whereas the lighter ions deposit a decreasing fraction of their energy below about 1 keV. The decrease is largest for the lightest ion (He+). In all cases the deposited energy is about or more than 70% of the incident energy. It will be shown that the present results are in agreement with previous measurements for copper and are qualitatively in good agreement with computer calculations using the TRIM.SP code. © 1992 Springer-Verlag.", "label": "No"} {"text": "FY05 FUDS Site, Moses Point Garrison Remedial Action, Elim, Alaska\nIn April 2005, the US Corps of Engineers, Alaska District awarded a contract to ChemTrack to provide remediation services at the former Garrison Pad FUDS site at Moses Point, Alaska. The project site is located in the arctic region and has a limited work season. The site is only accessible by barge or air.\nPrevious site activities at the site resulted in several areas containing soil impacted by diesel range organics (DRO), Residual Range Organics (RRO), lead, tar/asphalt material, buried debris and buried (full and empty) drums. The general scope of work for this project included the following activities:\n- excavation and proper disposal of contaminated soils/materials/buried debris\n- conducting confirmational analytical sampling at excavation areas\n- surveying the confirmational sampling locations and excavation boundaries\n- constructing a land farming treatment cell for management of diesel contaminated soil\n- properly containerizing, transportation and disposal of waste designated for off-site disposal\n- site restoration/revegetation of excavation areas.", "label": "No"} {"text": "The Power Plant Operations Online Training Program will prepare you for an entry-level career as a power plant operator. In the United States, there are thousands of power plants. These plants use hydrocarbon-based fuels (oil, gas, or coal) to produce electricity, and the plants are operated by power plant operators. Power plant operators are highly paid and enjoy a stable work environment. There’s an ongoing need for entry-level personnel. This online certificate program is offered in partnership with major colleges, universities, and other accredited education providers.", "label": "No"} {"text": "12335546 - Stuck Inside\nThe urge is growing, outside is looking so tempting. But the objects inside the house see me, they're trying to hold me back. Does being stuck inside make me go crazy???\nBefore the quarantine we worked on a video project for Daan's class where I shot some try out material of close ups. These video's I combined with new material I shot that day from inside my house.", "label": "No"} {"text": "I think I will hit the #NaNoWriMo 50k threshold in 10 days, but I won’t have a complete draft. I am a little sad about this. Publishing is such a long road, even after you have a finished manuscript. And I am not getting any younger here. So I am not going to hibernate or nap. I’m going to write.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Electric transmission line condition monitoring solution\nThe transmission line grow rapidly. So it need more time of line patrol maintenance work of the operators, and master the surrounding environment condition information real-time.\nLoRa extreme distance and low power consumption characteristics, solve the data long distance transmission in a complex environment problem, through all kinds of detector and acquisition equipment, etc. installed in the transmission line, digital acquisition of all kinds of information of power line, ensure real time control of the running state of the transmission line to ensure the safe operation of power grid.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Meeting of the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense\nA Manhattan Project for Biodefense: Taking Biological Threats Off the Table\nThursday, July 11th\n9:00AM – 3:45PM\n58 E. 68th Street\nNew York, New York\nJoin Dr. Lenny Moise (Scientific Director, Vaccine Research) as he attends a meeting of the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense, “A Manhattan Project for Biodefense: Taking Biological Threats Off the Table.” The event is scheduled for July 11 in New York, NY.\nABOUT THIS EVENT:\nAt the onset of World War II, the United States started a research and development effort to produce the world’s first nuclear weapons.\nMilitary and federal agencies, academia, industry, government contractors, predecessors of today’s national laboratories, worked together with the city of Manhattan and other localities.\nThis meeting will discuss a Manhattan Project for Biodefense – a national, public-private research and development undertaking to defend the Nation against biological threats. These threats include biological warfare, bioterrorism, and infectious disease pandemics.\nTo learn more about this meeting and/or to RSVP, please visit Blue Ribbon Study Panel’s official event page.", "label": "No"} {"text": "|Minimum 18 inches\n|Maximum 500 Kgs\n|Country of Origin\n|Made in India\nThe bomb basket is intended to place the IED while transporting the bomb to a safe disposal area. It provides safety to the bomb technician and public in case of any accidental explosion.\nThe Bomb Basket direct primary fragments surrounding the explosive upwards through the opening on top\n● Glowing color for clear visibility to all personnel - Orange.● The Explosive rating of Bomb Basket is minimum 2 kg TNT equivalent for single use.", "label": "No"} {"text": "What are the Duties of Ship’s Company Security Officer (CSO)?\nUnder the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS), every shipping company is required to appoint a company security officer, who would take care of the ship’s safety and security.\nThe company security officer designated by a company would be responsible for one or more than one ships, depending on the number and types of ships the company operates. This responsibility is clearly identified.\nEvery shipping company assigns a set of responsibilities for the company security officer depending of the type of ships and cargo which the company operates. However, basic responsibilities of company security officer remain the same.\nResponsibilities of company security officer (CSO)\n- Ship security plan (SSP) along with ship security assessment (SSA), play an important role in ensuring the security of the ship. The company security officer is responsible for carrying out the ship security plan in an efficient manner.\n- Using the data acquired from the ship security assessment (SSA), the company security officer would advise on various threats which are likely to be encountered by the ship and would also decide the ship security level.\n- The company security officer (CSO) would arrange for internal audits and reviews of security activities.\n- On the basis of various observations and results from the ship security assessment, the company security officer would make developments in the ship’s security plan.\n- He would also seek for the approval to the submissions made on the basis of the results of the assessments\n- He would also modify the ship security plan to get rid of deficiencies in the security measures and to satisfy security requirements of each ship. Thereafter, he would ensure that the plan is implemented and maintained in the best possible manner.\n- Company security officer would take measures to enhance security awareness and vigilance in his staff and also among ship personnel\n- He would also arrange for the initial and subsequent verifications of the ship by the administration or the recognized security organization\n- He would ensure that adequate training is provided to those responsible for the security of the ship\n- In case deficiencies and non-conformities are found during internal audits, periodic reviews, security inspections and verification of compliance, the security officer would address and deal with them to the earliest\n- He would ensure consistency between security requirements and safety requirements of the ship\n- He would see to it that an effective communication and cooperation between the ship security officer and relevant port facility security officer is maintained\n- In case security plan of a sister ship or fleet security system is used, he would make sure that the plan for each ship would reflect the ship-specific information accurately\n- Company security officer would also ensure that the an alternative, equivalent arrangement for safety of each ship is implemented and maintained\nMarine Insight - http://www.marineinsight.com", "label": "No"} {"text": "Werk #13509: Fix impossible host renaming if uninvolved sites have changes\n|Titel||Fix impossible host renaming if uninvolved sites have changes|\n|Checkmk-Editon||Checkmk Raw (CRE)|\n|Kompatibilität||Kompatibel - benötigt kein manuelles Eingreifen|\nIf a host was renamed on page \"Properties of MYHOST\" via \"Hosts\" - \"Rename\", the renaming operation was not possible if any site in distributed environment had pending changes.\nThis leaded to situations where no more renaming was possible, e.g. if remote sites where continuous disabled.\nFrom now on, only the central site and the site the renamed host is monitored on must have no pending changes.Zur Liste aller Werks", "label": "No"} {"text": "Advanced monitoring and process control technology for coal-fired power plants\nY. Yan, University of Kent, UK\nTo meet increasingly stringent standards on combustion efficiency and pollutant emissions and to maintain fuel flexibility, advanced monitoring and control technologies have become highly desirable in the power generation industry. This chapter describes the current state in the development of such technologies for the optimised operation of coal-fired power stations. Monitoring issues that are covered are concerned with the operation of fuel bunkers, pulverising mills, pulverised fuel injection systems, and furnaces. Other issues such as on-line particle sizing, flame stability monitoring, on-line fuel tracking, ...", "label": "No"} {"text": "OBEY - Meltdown Skull Men's Tee, Gold\nFeatures a nuclear meltdown at the Obey skull plant. Regular fit tee in heavyweight cotton jersey.\nMedium measures 20\" wide x 29\" long\nLarge measures 21\" wide x 30\" long\nX-Large measures 22\" wide x 31\" long\nMeasurements are taken in inches and are approximate.\nChest measurements are taken from armpit to armpit.\nLength measurements are taken from the top of shoulders to the bottom hemline.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Now showing items 51-52 of 52\nMeasurement of the t t ¯ production cross section in the eμ channel in proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 and 8 TeV\nAbstract: The inclusive cross section for top quark pair production is measured in proton-proton collisions at s=7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to 5.0 and 19.7 fb−1, respectively, with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The cross ...\nSearch for s channel single top quark production in pp collisions at √s = 7 and 8 TeV\nA search is presented for single top quark production in the s channel in proton-proton collisions with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in decay modes of the top quark containing a muon or an electron in the final state. ...", "label": "No"} {"text": "Safety is Our Top Priority\nSafety standards serve as a baseline, not a benchmark\nBecause our people and our communities are at the core of everything we do, our company is committed to achieving a zero-injury and zero-citation safety culture by implementing proven safety processes and procedures at our quarries and plants. At Rogers Group, industry safety standards serve as a baseline, not a benchmark, and as a result, we’re proud to have one of the very best safety ratings in the industry.\nHow do we achieve our safety goals? By practicing our core values of placing the highest value on our employees, unwavering integrity, and excellence in every undertaking. Every shift at our plants begins with a safety meeting, during which we perform task safety analyses, review company-wide communications, and discuss incidents and “near misses” in an effort to improve future performance.", "label": "No"} {"text": "China stationary concrete mixing plant catalog of Hzs25 Stationary Concrete Mixing Plant with Js500, Hzs35 Stationary Concrete Mixing Plant provided by China manufacturer – Zhengzhou Jinsheng Construction Machinery Co.\nConcrete batching plant Manufacturers & Suppliers, China concrete\nConcrete batching plant manufacturer/supplier, China concrete batching plant manufacturer & factory list, find qualified Chinese concrete batching plant Business Type: Manufacturer/Factory Main Products: Concrete Mixing Plant , Concrete Mixer City/Province: Zhengzhou, Henan\nConcrete mixing plant manufacturer/supplier, China concrete mixing plant manufacturer & factory list, find qualified Chinese concrete mixing plant manufacturers, Related Products: Concrete Batching Plant Equipments, Hzs Concrete Batching Plant, Ready Mixed Concrete Mixing Plant\nBelt Type Concrete Mixing Plant named stationary concrete batching plant.With heavy structure and continuous improvement on design, it can satisfy customers` Find Belt Concrete Batching Plant on Industry Directory, Reliable Manufacturer/Supplier/Factory from China.\nAlibaba.com offers 11,048 concrete batching plant price products. About 88% of these are concrete batching plant, 1% are cement making machinery, and 1% Tags: Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant cement batching plant factory wholesale cement concrete plant concrete mixer plant supplier See\nThe corrugated fiberboard shall be fabricated of wet Inspect concrete batching, mixing, Periodic field and concrete plant inspections made by a hzs50 concrete mixing plant supplier – Mj Concrete China stationary ready mix concrete batching plant\nskip type stationary concrete batching plant, wholesale various high quality skip type stationary concrete hot product hzs120 concrete mixing batching plant with capacity of 120m3/h pld series air operatred concrete batching plant machine productivity capacity 48cbm/h with measure hopper\ndesigner crazy selling batching plant machine for concrete export concrete batching plant hzs 60f i cbm global 25 cbm/h concrete batching plant hzs25 mini concrete plants, 120 m3/hr concrete plant and precast factory batching plant offered\nHZS25 stationary concrete batching plant is one of the small-sized series batching plant of HAOMEI company.It is full-automatic HZS120 concrete batching plant is suitable for large construction, precast factory and commercial concrete production plant.All the parts can be installed\nmixing Good Quality HZS50 Concrete Batching Plant From China:HZS90 Stationary Concrete Plant – formainteriors:HZS25 low cost and high efficiency wet mix concrete\nConcrete Batching Plant Italy, Wholesale Various High Quality Concrete Batching Plant Italy Products from Global Concrete Batching Plant Italy Suppliers and Concrete Batching Plant Italy Factory,Importer,Exporter at Alibaba.com. Tags: Hzs120 Concrete Batching Plant Italy\nconcrete batching plant | The lowest price & high quality concrete\nCOMPULSORY CONCRETE MIXER with factory price is one of the top enterprises in China’s concrete mixing machinery. CamelWay’s main products are concrete batching plant, JZC/JZM/JS concrete mixer, tower crane, construction lifter.\n350 Concrete Mixer Factory,Importer,Exporter at Alibaba.com. Tags: Jzc 350 Series Concrete Mixer Supplier Types 2015 hot selling hzs60 concrete mixing plant high efficient hzs60 concrete mixing plant with pld1600 batching machine economic cheapest high profit concrete\nBuy concrete mixing plant 25m3 h different and find similar products on Alibaba.com Tags: Technical Features Of Hzs Series Concrete Batching Plant 25m3- 180m3 Per Hour Concrete Mixing Plant Tags: Concrete Mixing Plant In Czech Republic\nBuy cheap concrete mixing plant Patent Designed China Top Ten Selling Products 120m3 120m3/h Conttinuous Concrete Batching Plant Patent product SDDOM MB1200 concrete batching plant\nOffer stationary concrete mixing plant, mobile concrete mixing plant, and concrete batch plant parts including concrete mixers. Offer concrete mixing &batch Our factory located in the industrial area of Henan Province with convenient transportation.\nCompared with the stationary concrete batching plant, the ready-mixed concrete mixing plant can meet more kinds of concretes’ need and higher environmental design, while it is more expensive and needs larger field. who are specializing in selling concrete.\nFind Concrete Mixing Plant manufacturers from China. Import quality Concrete Mixing Plant supplied by experienced manufacturers at Global Sources. 2,555 Concrete Mixing Plant results from 238 Suppliers Factories:\nfactory price customized hzs50 50m3/h hopper lift stationary concrete batching planthzs50 concrete batching plant|50m3/h precast l máy móc model hzs loạt màu màu trắng/xanh loại đường sắt chuyên ngành xi măng nhà máy trộn bê tông tags hzs60 bê tông hàng loạt nhà máy click to view\nhopper lifting concrete batching plant provider hzn60 wet mixed stationary concrete batching plants parts construction equipment/precast concrete plant equipment/hzs50 hopper lift type concrete mixing plant.", "label": "No"} {"text": "This inspection was undertaken at the Tradebe (Inutec Ltd) premises on the Winfrith licensed site. Tradebe is a tenant on the site. My inspection focused on the themes of fire safety management and practical fire safety provision. A number of issues from previous fire safety inspections were followed-up to confirm an adequate response had been made by the company. I completed a walk-down of selected facilities primarily in the B4 complex.\nThe site gave access throughout the day to relevant personnel and subject area experts. The personnel I engaged with were both enthusiastic and focused in providing a good level of fire safety within their areas of control. Accompanying me throughout the inspection was the SHEQ Manager, SHE Advisor and the Magnox FSC. All were able to provide answers to questions and provide evidence of the fire safety arrangements throughout the site.\nDuring my inspection, I challenged those accompanying me, and others about procedures and approaches to the practical application of maintaining adequate fire safety provision. I questioned personnel to test effectiveness and knowledge of arrangements. I examined a series of documents prior to my arrival on site.\nIt was clear that Tradebe Inutec is an organisation which takes fire safety seriously and is given the due consideration it deserves. During both the walk-down and the meetings held during the day I did identify a number of areas for improvement with the application of the expected fire safety strategy. I also identified a number of examples of industry good practice. I was particularly impressed with the recent fire alarm and detection system in a number of areas within the B4 complex and the intention to complete all other areas in the near future.\nI am of the opinion that Inutec Ltd displayed a positive appreciation of the importance of effective fire safety measures within the facilities that I inspected and that they demonstrate a positive approach to achieving compliance with the relevant legislation.\nThe inspection involved a combination of examining how fire safety is managed, reviewing the content of the building Fire Risk Assessment and physically walking through selected areas and speaking with staff. Although the inspection identified a number of areas for improvement and consideration by the site management, the overarching impression was one of a suitable and sufficient arrangements being implemented and a satisfactory level of importance being placed on the provision of the required standards for conventional fire safety arrangements.\nThe inspection identified a number of areas of industry good practice along with a number of areas for improvement that were communicated to Tradebe to address and consider, prior to the next fire safety inspection. Overall I concluded that the fire safety arrangements were adequate.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Project Engineer Management of projects from the design phase to fabrication and commissioning for Mining processing and Water industry. Reporting directly to the Project Director and the Managing Directors of the company.\nCompleted to date:\n8x7M Long Scrubbers, Project Cost R 8000 000. 00\n6M Diameter Thickener, Project Cost R 1000 000. 00\n1x3. 6M Long Ball Mill, Project Cost R 4800 000. 00\nPyrolusite Make up Plant, Project Cost R 2800 000. 00\nFloc Plant, Project Cost R 350 000. 00", "label": "No"} {"text": "NORAM’s VERTREAT™ selected by Dawson City\nJuly 10, 2009\nNORAM’s proprietary VERTREAT™ biological wastewater treatment technology will be the basis of a new plant to be supplied by Corix (Vancouver, BC) for the City of Dawson and the Yukon Government.\nThe VERTREAT™ activated sludge design is uniquely suited to varied operating environments because of its vertical underground reactor. The small footprint of the plant allows it to be designed for restricted space configurations, and for the plant to be fully enclosed.\nThe VERTREAT™ process was selected for its compatibility with sustainable infrastructure principles. The key features of the VERTREAT™ design include low long-term operating costs, superior energy efficiency (~50% that of a conventional plant), and the ability to capture and treat off-gases from the reactor to mitigate against odours, allowing the plant to be sited close to populated centres.\nThe plant is scheduled for completion in 2011.\n© 2023 NORAM Engineering and Constructors Ltd.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Re: Pedantry Alert\nnoun: fuse; plural noun: fuses; noun: fuze; plural noun: fuzes\na length of material along which a small flame moves to explode a bomb or firework, meanwhile allowing time for those who light it to move to a safe distance.\n\"a bomb on a short fuse\"\na device in a bomb that controls the timing of the explosion.", "label": "No"} {"text": "1978 - 2018\nmobile asphalt plant india get the latest price now.2015 china top quality with ce sgs certificate ar 200 hot mix plant price in india,engineers service abroad 200t/h asphalt plant operator plant in india.asphalt dryer hot drum asphalt mixing plant machine suppliers and manufacturers.\nasphalt producers Make an offer today.mfr160 asphalt plant coal dust burner for 120tph -160tph asphalt mixing plant mini,80t/h stationary asphalt mixing plant bitumen batch mix plant cold mixing. Kollomietzev laughed. It amused him to have said gone off a bit. Mais cest un journal qui se respecte, mortals have eaten and drunk at their table. Such were Ixion and Tantalus; but they forgot their manners,Py. 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Display your Products FREE now!", "label": "No"} {"text": "I really struggled with the camo stamping, until I remembered these Tropical Nature stamps with the big leaves. It was so much FUN! I got carried away a little, so I brushed gesso over the strong pattern. I will be trying this again on future projects - thanks Lee!\nDate: Thursday, October 17, 2013 GMT Views: 241", "label": "No"} {"text": "Line of unfired clean steam generators provides controlled steam generation utilizing demineralized water services and steam from standard boiler plant. Model CSM-C 600 compact clean steam generator can produce up to a maximum of 1,275 lb/hr of clean steam at 45 psig – dependent on plant steam pressure and feedwater temperature.\nOther packaged units in the line are available with a clean steam generation rate of between 154 to 12,125 lb/hr (70 to 5 500 kg /hr). Clean steam generators can be mounted on a stainless steel skid and supplied with the necessary water level control, primary steam control and other ancillary equipment required for efficient operation. Clean steam units can be used for sterilization, humidification and process applications within the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, electronics and healthcare industries as well as institutional applications.\nReport Abusive Comment", "label": "No"} {"text": "The high importance of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in surface analysis is well established. In XPS, the shape of the measured peaks is affected by two classes of energy loss: extrinsic losses because of the transport of photoelectrons in the matter and intrinsic losses because of the sudden creation of the static core hole. In order to perform a quantitative, comprehensive determination of the zero-energy loss spectrum, a systematic and physically meaningful background subtraction method must be used. In this paper, we propose a universal analytical expression to model the energy loss cross section of the emitted photoelectrons for transition metals and their oxides. The proposed expression is a generalization of the well-known Tougaard's universal inelastic scattering cross section to also account for the intrinsic losses. We demonstrate the use of this to determine the primary excitation spectra of several transition metals and their oxides, and we compare the results with a more accurate calculation based on the dielectric response model for XPS.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Imagine having almost ten gallons of contaminants in your fuel tank like the picture shown. The site owner had been replacing dispenser filters frequently and noticed higher maintenance costs on his fuel equipment. Imagine the surprise at what was found in the bottom of his tank. Once the tank was cleaning and Biobor®JF was used to kill microbial growth, his fuel maintenance costs dropped by almost 35%. He later confessed to having few customer complaints about his fuel. Dirty fuel and fuel tanks represent higher costs and liabilities. Dirty fuel is a fuel system killer!\nWhile fuel contamination is a reality, the problems can be minimized with a fuel quality management plan that includes fuel sampling, fuel testing and fuel additives. We call it\nSample your fuel to determine visual clarity. If the fuel looks bad then it is bad. In the case of the contaminated fuel pictured, the fuel had become severely contaminated over a period of time. Fact, a tank that takes an 8,000 gallon delivery each week will accumulate around 30 pounds of solid contaminants each year. Add to that microbial contamination. In the case of this fuel system microbes were eating the fuel and leaving an acidic byproduct in the tank. The contaminants removed from the tank were part of a larger problem. The acids found in the bottom sample and mid-tank samples, a by-product of the microbial biodeterioration, were eating away at the fuel system components and clogging dispenser filters.\nOnce the fuel and system are cleaned, fuel additives help reduce costs and liabilities by breaking up and dissolving fuel sediment sludge. A fuel biocide kills the microbes that damage both the system and fuel. A fuel additive plan pays for itself by reducing costs, reducing liabilities and creating a point of differentiation between you and your competitors. Build your image and save costs by using Biobor® products today.Follow Biobor\nShare the Post", "label": "No"} {"text": "|Home page World|\nTalks between Russia and the United States on strategic stability in Geneva are encouraging.\nAxar.az reports that the statement came from US President Joseph Biden.\nOn July 28, the United States and Russia held consultations on strategic stability. Russia was represented by Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov and the United States by Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman.\n2021.07.31 / 17:13", "label": "No"} {"text": "A bomb was recovered at Rangia market in the early hours today during a joint operation launched by Rangia Police and Red Horns Division Engineers Regiment. Acting on specific information security personnel recovered the bomb kept inside a hume pipe inside the market. The bomb is Improvised Explosive Device ane weight is approximately 8 kgs. No person has been arrested till now though the investigation is on. Senior police and civil administration officials have visited the spot.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Yichen has been selected for the 2021 CCMS Summer Institute Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. That same program brought David to the US more than 10 years ago, so we are very excited about this opportunity for one member of the M4L group. Yichen will work directly with leading LLNL researchers on the development and application of cutting edge methods in computational materials science and chemistry and other related areas of computational science.\nYichen is selected to participate in the 2021 CCMS at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory\nUpdated: Apr 16, 2021", "label": "No"} {"text": "TABLE B-2 Number of Detects and Likely Source for Analytes Detected More than Occasionally in 2007 and 2009\n|Analyte||Number of detectsa||Likely major source or use|\n|Chloromethane||66||54||Natural sources (ATSDR 1998, 1999)|\n|Toluene||63||56||Petroleum-based fuel combustion|\n|Hexane||65||53||Petroleum-based fuel combustion|\n|Pentane||65||NA||Petroleum-based fuel combustion|\n|Propylene||32||55||Petroleum-based fuel combustion|\n|2-Butanone (MEK)||20||53||Solvent, combustion|\n|n-Heptane||60||36||Petroleum-based fuel combustion|\n|Octane||46||NA||Petroleum-based fuel combustion|\n|Isopropyl alcohol||NA||27||Solvent, disinfectant|\n|Methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE)||29||0||Anti-knock fuel additive|\n|Isooctane||17||NA||Anti-knock fuel additive|\n|Cyclohexane||NA||8||Petroleum-based fuel combustion|\nNOTE: NA = not analyzed.\naTotal possible detects 66 in 2007 and 57 in 2009 except 4-ethyltoluene.\nfor many analytes at all the measurement locations at JBB, and there did not appear to be any consistent gradients in concentration, although differing gradients exist for some analytes at some times.\nDuring 2007, 18, 21, and 21 PCDD/F nominal 24-hour samples were collected at the guard tower/transportation field, H-6 housing/CASF, and mortar pit locations, respectively, on 20 sampling days (TO-9 method; 60 samples total). Two of the samples for the H-6 housing/CASF and mortar pit locations were obtained on the same day (about 2 hours and 20 minutes apart in starting time, respectively), and on 2 of the 20 sampling days the guard tower/transportation field was not sampled. All samples were analyzed for the seventeen 2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/F congeners, with all congeners detectable in 41 or more of the 60 samples except 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexaCDF (detected in 14/60 samples).\nThe 2009 sampling data for PCDD/PCDFs included 19, 17, and 18 PCDD/F nominal 24-hour samples at the", "label": "No"} {"text": "Made by Ranch Systems, the RanchCam is a solar powered electronic camera system that allows the user to keep an eye on remote locations, day or night, from anywhere in the world.\nThe system uses wireless technology to transmit images from the camera via the Internet to a desktop or laptop computer or to a smartphone in near real time. The images are viewed using the Ranch Systems’ weather station network software and an Internet browser.\n“This product fills a big gap in the market,” says Jacob Chrisfort, president of the company. “Unlike other remote camera systems, the RanchCam doesn’t require power and telecommunications lines to operate.”\n“The RanchCam, which has night vision and motion detection features. Along with continuous video tracking the product could be used to collect a series of time-lapse images to track crop development during the season.\nThe RanchCam consists of a digital camera and a battery-solar panel unit, which powers the camera. Typically, the two components are mounted on the same pole. The energy-saving system is activated only when a sensor detects motion.\nThis system also requires a base station, available from Ranch Systems or other vendors. The RanchCam can send images wirelessly to this station up to a distance of one mile. These images are then uploaded over cellular phone or WiFi networks to the company’s secure data center.\nViewing the images, which only the user can access, involves logging onto the Ranch System’s web site from a computer. The images can also be viewed with a smartphone, such as an iPhone or Blackberry, with limited viewing features.\nThe base station can also be used with more than one camera. In that case, a wireless node is required for each camera. The Ranch Systems base station, which can also be solar powered, can serve up to 35 nodes within a one-third-mile, line-of-sight radius.\nIn addition, it can be upgraded with various micro-climate measurement sensors, such as air and soil temperatures, water flow, and relative humidity. This allows the RanchCam to be used as part of a Ranch Systems Weather Station for managing crops.\nThe price of the RanchCam, including the battery-solar panel unit is $1,000. The Ranch Systems bay station sells for $1,895, while each wireless node costs $600.\nVisit the Ranch Systems site for more information.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Shop All Accessories\nShop All Pillows\nShop All Beds & Frames\nYour cart is current empty.\nBy John Broetje | Blog | Mar 6, 2015\nDaylight saving time is rapidly approaching. This weekend you’ll be able to “spring ahead” one hour – a small step closer to warmer weather. Daylight saving time was first implemented to make better use of natural light, allowing people to take advantage of the longer, sunnier hours of spring and summer.\nDaylight saving occurs twice within a year – once in the spring and once in the fall. In the spring, we jump an hour ahead, essentially losing an hour. The fall is the opposite – we gain that hour back. An hour may not seem like very long, but research and statistics show that springing ahead and losing it can have some pretty weird side effects.\nObviously, driving drowsy isn’t safe and doesn’t just occur after the sun has set. According to a Texas A & M University study, the week after daylight saving ends there is a 7% increase in traffic accidents with a 14% increase in morning accidents – that’s crazy! Why is there a swell? “Just like when you have jet lag, your performance falls. Your cognitive abilities decrease,” explained Dr. Alfred Lewy, director of the Sleep and Mood Disorders Laboratory at Oregon Health & Science University. “Even though you’re not [necessarily] sleep deprived, your [circadian] rhythms aren’t adjusted, and that produces deficits in performance.” Read more at YahooHealth.com\nAccording to a 2008 study published by the New England Journal of Medicine, the researchers attributed a small surge in heart attacks in the springtime to changes in people’s sleep patterns. Lack of sleep can release stress hormones that increase inflammation, which can cause more severe complications in people already at risk of having a heart attack. Even more reason to take your heart health seriously. Read more at LiveScience.com\nIt almost goes without saying that the drowsiness caused by daylight saving time change leads to a loss in productivity, but it also increases cyberloafing or the amount of time people spend surfing the net. A study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology shows web searches related to entertainment rise sharply the Monday after the shift to daylight saving time. Those that participated in the study on average engaged in 8.4 minutes more of cyberloafing (or 20 % of the assigned task time) for every hour of interrupted sleep the night before. Read more at PSU.edu\nOnce your body adjusts to the time change, you may find yourself a little happier. For one thing, the sun will be shining when you leave for work. Sunlight has been shown to boost your serotonin levels, helping to elevate your mood. Definitely makes the drive to work a little more tolerable, right?\nThis blog was originally published on Restonic.com and does not provide medical advice. It is intended for general informational purposes only and does not address individual circumstances. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment and should not be relied on to make decisions about your health. Never ignore professional medical advice in seeking treatment because of something you have read on mattressdepotusa.com. If you think you may have a medical emergency, immediately call your doctor or dial 911.", "label": "No"} {"text": "AC GENERATOR THEORY\nHysteresis losses occur when iron cores in an AC generator are subject to effects from a\nmagnetic field. The magnetic domains of the cores are held in alignment with the field in\nvarying numbers, dependent upon field strength. The magnetic domains rotate, with respect to\nthe domains not held in alignment, one complete turn during each rotation of the rotor. This\nrotation of magnetic domains in the iron causes friction and heat. The heat produced by this\nfriction is called magnetic hysteresis loss.\nTo reduce hysteresis losses, most AC armatures are constructed of heat-treated silicon steel,\nwhich has an inherently low hysteresis loss. After the heat-treated silicon steel is formed to the\ndesired shape, the laminations are heated to a dull red and then allowed to cool. This process,\nknown as annealing, reduces hysteresis losses to a very low value.\nRotational or mechanical losses can be caused by bearing friction, brush friction on the\ncommutator, and air friction (called windage), which is caused by the air turbulence due to\narmature rotation. Careful maintenance can be instrumental in keeping bearing friction to a\nminimum. Clean bearings and proper lubrication are essential to the reduction of bearing friction.\nBrush friction is reduced by ensuring: proper brush seating, proper brush use, and maintenance\nof proper brush tension. A smooth and clean commutator also aids in the reduction of brush\nfriction. In very large generators, hydrogen is used within the generator for cooling; hydrogen,\nbeing less dense than air, causes less windage losses than air.\nEfficiency of an AC generator is the ratio of the useful power output to the total power input.\nBecause any mechanical process experiences some losses, no AC generators can be 100 percent\nefficient. Efficiency of an AC generator can be calculated using Equation (10-3).\nGiven a 5 hp motor acting as the prime mover of a generator that has a load\ndemand of 2 kW, what is the efficiency of the generator?\nIn order to calculate efficiency, the input and output power must be in the same\nunits. As described in Thermodynamics, the horsepower and the watt are\nequivalent units of power.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Porcupine Natural History:\nThe North American porcupine is the second largest rodent in North America (after the Beaver). These gentle creatures are amazingly adapted to their environment.\nPorcupines can be found in open tundra, deciduous forests, and desert chaparral. Their habitat varies geographically. In the Pacific Northwest, they are primarily ground dwelling, whereas in New York State, they are mainly tree dwellers. The time on the ground varies based on the amount of ground cover for food and protection from predators.\nPorcupines move slowly partly because they have short, powerful legs with long, strong claws to help them climb, and partly because they don’t need to run to find food or escape predators. They have an excellent sense of smell, but are quite near-sighted. They tend to live a fairly solitary life, except when raising the one young they have each year.\nPorcupines are nocturnal, and do not have large territories, although males have larger ranges than females. They are herbivores, and love to eat buds in the spring, which are high protein, but will subsist on bark, evergreen needles, and whatever else they can find in the winter months. Trees with stripped bark is a tell-tale sign of Porcupine presence, and a common reason that land-owners do not like them.\nQuills are an amazing adaptation. They are modified hairs, and cover almost every part of the body, except the belly. There are about 30,000 quills on a Porcupine. with special quills around the eyes, and extra dense quills on the tail, which they use to “slap” a predator.\nIt is a Myth that Porcupines can “throw” their quills, but they are quite fast with their tail, and it does not take much for the quills to attach to flesh. Quills have a small barb at the tip which serves to fasten the quill into the skin, and then will continue to work that quill into the body of the animal, either coming out the other side, or entering organs and resulting in death to the predator in the worst case scenario.\nBelieve it or not, Porcupines make very good swimmers because the quills are essentially hollow, filled with only a spongy tissue. They usually lay flat against the body, but when threatened, the porcupine tightens its skin, raising the quills as defense.\nLike other rodents, Porcupine’s teeth continue to grow throughout their lifetime, requiring constant gnawing to wear them down. They are well adapted to gnaw the bark off of trees.\nFemales and males come together in October/November for mating, then go their own ways. She will have one young after 210 days. Babies weigh between 400-530g, and are nursed for about 4 months. They become independent at 5-6 months, but will not be sexually mature until 25-29 months of age (Females/males). Females disperse from their mother’s territory, while the young males will often stay in the area.\nInfant care is provided by the mother alone. For the first weeks, she hides the baby at the base of a tree while she feeds and sleeps in the tree above it. By mid-October, the young is on its own for the winter. They can live up to 18 years in captivity, although the average lifespan in the wild is closer to 6 years.\nDespite a pretty good defense system, Porcupines do have predators, including fishers, bobcats, coyotes, linx, wolves, and Great Horned owls.", "label": "No"} {"text": "(Pollution – Humans, Conservation of Natural Resources)\nEstimates of nonpoint and point sources of nitrogen were made for 107 watersheds located in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Quality Assessment Program study units throughout the conterminous United States. The proportions of nitrogen originating from fertilizer, manure, atmospheric deposition, sewage, and industrial sources were found to vary with climate, hydrologic conditions, land use, population, and physiography. Fertilizer sources of nitrogen are proportionally greater in agricultural areas of the West and the Midwest than in other parts of the Nation. Animal manure contributes large proportions of nitrogen in the South and parts of the Northeast. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen is generally greatest in areas of greatest precipitation, such as the Northeast. Point sources (sewage and industrial) generally are predominant in watersheds near cities, where they may account for large proportions of the nitrogen in streams. The transport of nitrogen in streams increases as amounts of precipitation and runoff increase and is greatest in the Northeastern United States. Because no single nonpoint nitrogen source is dominant everywhere, approaches to control nitrogen must vary throughout the Nation. Watershed-based approaches to understanding nonpoint and point sources of contamination, as used by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, will aid water-quality and environmental managers to devise methods to reduce nitrogen pollution.\nPuckett, L. (1994).\nU.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4001.", "label": "No"} {"text": "BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) is considered an important protein that influences brain function as well as the peripheral nervous system. BDNF influences a variety of functions including: preventing death of existing brain cells, inducing the growth of new neurons (neurogenesis) and synapses, and supporting cognitive function. Low levels of BDNF are often problematic and have been linked to: Alzheimer’s, accelerated aging, poor neural development, neurotransmitter dysfunction, obesity, depression, and even schizophrenia.\nBDNF is one of many neurotrophins in the brain that helps stimulate as well as manage the process of neurogenesis. Although there are a variety of neurotrophins at work in the brain, BDNF is regarded as being among the most active as well as universally important. Therefore maintaining satisfactory levels of BDNF results in optimal neurotransmission and potentially prevents a myriad of physical as well as mental diseases.\nHow To Increase BDNF (Brain-Derived Neutrophic Factor)\nIf you suspect that you may have low levels of BDNF and/or want to increase your current levels, there are some specific ways this can be done. It should also be noted that many methods that increase BDNF simultaneously increase neurogenesis.\n1. Intense Exercise\nIf you don’t exercise much, your brain may not be producing sufficient BDNF. To increase it, you’ll want to engage in an intense exercise; the greater the intensity, the more likely BDNF production will increase. It has also been suggested that the more frequently you engage in high intensity exercise, the greater the production.\nExercising just one day at a high intensity may have an effect, but to reap the benefits, you’ll want to make it fairly consistent. By engaging in intense exercise to increase your BDNF levels, you’ll simultaneously reap the benefits associated with neurogenesis or the growth of new brain cells. Realize that there are many psychological benefits of exercise on the brain besides just increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor.\nMost specifically, aerobic exercise within the 60% to 75% of your max heart rate should be maintained for approximately 30 minutes. Don’t expect a huge boost in BDNF after just one gym session. Some hypothesize that it may take up to a few months before you’ll experience a noticeable increase. Don’t think of BDNF like “endorphins” from exercise – think of it as a protein that increases after months of consistent effort.\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21282661\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21722657\n2. Intermittent Fasting or Caloric Restriction\nIn recent years studies have demonstrated that engaging in intermittent fasting and/or caloric restriction can likely increase a person’s lifespan and general health. One way intermittent fasting and caloric restriction help is by increasing the amount of BDNF signaling within the brain. An increase in BDNF signaling has been shown to improve cardiovascular functioning, brain health, as well as regulate glucose levels.\nThe mechanism by which reducing calories or fasting are able to elevate BDNF is thought to be similar to that of intense aerobic exercise. If you want to raise your BDNF levels without hitting the gym frequently, you may want to consider cutting back on the food and/or taking up a fasting protocol. Understand that intermittent fasting and caloric restriction probably won’t elevate BDNF immediately – it’s going to take some consistent effort for you to get results.\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16011467\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15741046\n3. Dietary modifications\nOne way you could be sabotaging your efforts to increase BDNF is by eating a diet high in both refined sugar and saturated fat. Research has demonstrated that both high levels of refined sugar and saturated fat can produce structural changes in the brain, particularly via neurotrophins like BDNF. Those that are on a high saturated fat and refined sugar diet tend to demonstrate noticeable reductions in both spatial learning and hippocampal functioning.\n- Cut refined sugar: It’s difficult for most people to give up refined sugar due to the fact that it is addictive. Many people have reported severe sugar withdrawal symptoms, suggesting that it is likely a good idea to gradually wean yourself off of sugar rather than quitting cold turkey.\n- Cut saturated fat: This is a type of fat that contains triglycerides with only saturated fatty acids. Foods with high saturated fats include: cheese, fatty meats, lard, and butter. While healthy fats may improve certain measures of health, there appears to be a negative effect from saturated fat on BDNF.\nIt appears as though it takes some time for a good or bad diet to affect BDNF. Studies suggest that it can take roughly 2 months before levels increase or decrease in response to diet. Not only was cognitive performance impaired as a result of high refined sugar and saturated fat, but synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter levels took a plunge.\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12088740\n4. Sunlight (Vitamin D)\nAnother way you may be able to increase BDNF is by getting sufficient sunlight, which your body converts to Vitamin D. Adequate sunlight exposure is the single most efficient way to increase your level of Vitamin D. One study demonstrated that different seasons tend to have different effects on BDNF due to differences in ambient sunlight intake.\nIn an analysis of 2,851 individuals in the Netherlands, it was found that serum concentrations of BDNF increased in the spring and summer and decreased in the fall and winter. This significance in decrease was established among both males and females and upon further analysis, researchers discovered that serum BDNF levels were related to the number of hours a person was exposed to sunshine.\nYear-long exposure to sufficient sunlight is thought to keep concentrations of BDNF high. However, those who do not get sunlight throughout the year may experience a decrease in BDNF levels in the months when they fail to get sunlight. While Vitamin D supplementation may not be as beneficial as direct sunlight exposure, some speculate that it could help increase levels of BDNF among those who don’t get enough sun. This may be tied to depressive feelings in winter months as well. (Read: Link between Vitamin D deficiency and depression).\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3487856/\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25138265\nIf you’d like to consider supplements to beef up your BDNF production, there are several options. In fact, there are likely more supplements than those included on this short list that support BDNF, but here are a few popular ones to consider.\nCurcumin: Some studies have demonstrated that curcumin may promote BDNF production in the hippocampus, especially among those with brain injuries. In rodent studies, it was thought that curcumin elevated BDNF production in the hippocampal region, which created antidepressant effects and improved cognitive function. Another study demonstrated that curcumin supplementation increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor.\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24914461\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24712702\nGreen tea: Those with neurodegenerative diseases typically have reduced levels of BDNF. In attempt to increase BDNF, researchers supplemented low concentrations of unfractionated green tea polyphenols as well as EGCG (their active ingredient) resulted in an increase in BDNF. An easy way to increase BDNF would be to drink green tea on a consistent basis and/or consider supplementing green tea extracts.\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24508265\nOmega-3 fatty acids: Many people fail to get sufficient levels of omega-3 fatty acids in their diet. These “essential” fatty acids can only be obtained in sufficient quantities by eating seafood and fish. Unless you are eating fish at least a couple times per week, you may want to consider taking a fish oil supplement. I’ve written about the best fish oil supplements if you need some help picking one out.\nThe omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil include DHA and EPA, but it is specifically the DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) responsible for increasing levels of BDNF. In rodents with traumatic brain injuries, supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids increased levels of BDNF within a normal range. Without supplementation, those who’ve endured brain injuries may fail to regain adequate BDNF production.\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15672635\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21721919\nResveratrol: This is a supplement that has been studied for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases as well as aging. In one study, researchers examined the effects of resveratrol supplementation on the encoding of BDNF in the hippocampal region of rats. They discovered that supplementation of resveratrol resulted in increased levels of mRNA BDNF expression. The researchers concluded that the increased expression of the BDNF mRNA may result in neuroprotective effects.\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21221775\n6. Lose weight\nThere are several studies linking high body weight and obesity to decreases in production of BDNF. This may be due to the fact that those with elevated bodyweights are not engaging in fasting, caloric restriction, and/or intense cardiovascular exercise. Studies have shown that among those with metabolic syndrome, increasing the level of BDNF results in improvement in depressive symptoms.\nIt appears as though making lifestyle changes to reduce weight not only increase BDNF, but also improve mood. In females, there is a direct relationship between plasma levels of BDNF and bodyweight. Females with higher levels of BDNF not only tend to be in better shape, but they perform better on cognitive tests of Total Recall and Delayed Recall.\nYet another study on morbidly obese children demonstrated that BDNF may play a direct role in childhood obesity. Those that become obese as children tend to have deficiencies in BDNF. It is thought that by making behavior changes, dietary changes, and restricting calories – that BDNF levels can increase to normal or higher levels. If you are obese or have a high body-weight, losing weight will likely improve your production of BDNF.\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24524285\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22768299\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24548578\n7. Certain drugs\nThere are a variety of different drugs that help increase levels of BDNF in deficient individuals. It remains unclear as to whether the BDNF levels are maintained with long-term administration of these drugs. It does appear as though short-term, low dose treatment may be the best option.\nAmpakines: Some studies have compiled evidence suggesting that ampakines or positive modulators of AMPA-glutamate receptors also increase BDNF expression. Researchers believe that this class of drugs may help decrease the likelihood of neurodgenerative diseases in part via action on BDNF expression.\nThat said, if you are taking ampakines, you should know that both AMPA and BDNF receptors tend to decrease with prolonged activation. Therefore there is some concern as to whether pharmacological intervention with ampakines is a feasible long-term strategy. It may only elevate BDNF levels in the short-term, while actually decreasing them as well as glutamatergic function in the long-term.\nResearchers have found that BDNF expression in particular is mostly induced by low doses of ampakines for short treatment durations. Therefore using these drugs for a short-term at a minimal dose may be the best option for BDNF enhancement. Other studies have found that administering ampakines to mice with neurodgenerative diseases normalizes BDNF levels.\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746455/\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19141314\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19264961\nCystamine: This is a drug that has shown to elevate levels of BDNF among those with neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington’s. Many consider Cystamine to act as a neuroprotective agent by stimulating various clathrin-coated vesicles that contain BDNF. Researchers found that Cystamine is capable of increasing secretion of BDNF within the Golgi region that counteract certain faulty neural mechanisms induced by neurodegenerative diseases.\nCystamine has also been established as increasing serum levels of BDNF in both rodents and primates. Some researchers have gone as far as to suggest that Cystamine could provide antidepressant properties directly as a result of its ability to increase central BDNF levels. It should also be mentioned that certain drugs (e.g. antipsychotics) decrease BDNF levels, but administration of Cystamine prevents the drug-induced decrease.\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16604191\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16797865\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18582526\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430473\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18786174\nNootropics: There is some evidence that various nootropics such as piracetam may increase BDNF content in rodents. Other nootropic agents such as: phenotropil, meclophenoxate, and semax may also increase BDNF levels within the hippocampal regions of the mice with cognitive deficits.\nSSRIs: There is some evidence that selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are able to increase levels of BDNF. SSRIs function by increasing extracellular levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin to treat depression. These drugs are classified as antidepressants and should really only be utilized by those with debilitating psychiatric illnesses (e.g. major depression and anxiety).\nOne benefit that users of SSRIs get is that the drugs increase serum levels of BDNF. It is unclear as to whether the increase in BDNF is maintained for individuals taking SSRIs over a long-term. While SSRIs tend to have many unwanted side effects, one beneficial effect is that of a BDNF increase.\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21749907\n8. Social Enrichment\nIf you want to increase your BDNF, one of the best ways to do it is by staying socially engaged. If you want your children to maintain high levels of BDNF, it is likely a good idea to keep them in a socially-enriched environment from a young age. Early experiences in childhood can result in lasting neural and behavioral changes.\nWhile we already know that an enriched environment is beneficial for human brains, the effects of social enrichment may be what is likely to elevate BDNF. Researchers discovered that in rodents, being raised with social enrichment resulted in lifelong increases in BDNF levels as well as positive social behaviors. BDNF increases were noticeable in mice raised in a socially-enriched environment, particularly in the hippocampus and hypothalamus regions.\nRodents with high levels of BDNF as a result of social enrichment tend to display less anxiety as well as depression later in life. It has been speculated that positive early social stimulation increases neuronal plasticity during adulthood. This plasticity increase is likely a direct result of high BDNF levels, which makes them more resilient to depression.\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16533499\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16477619\nWhy should you increase your BDNF levels?\nYou should care about your BDNF levels because low levels are associated with development of a variety of diseases. Nearly every abnormal state of cognitive functioning is associated with low levels of BDNF. While normalization of levels may not fully cure or prevent any diseases, having normal levels is associated with increased cognitive performance and better overall brain functioning among those who do have certain diseases.\nIn regards to physical health, low levels of BDNF are associated with development of obesity and impaired physiological functioning. Preliminary evidence suggests that high levels of BDNF may even help prevent the development of conditions like cancer. In the past we weren’t sure as to whether BDNF crossed the blood-brain barrier, but new studies clearly demonstrate that it does.\nFurther research is warranted on the beneficial effects of BDNF for cognitive functioning and mental health. Newer studies have been able to show that it improves short and long-term memory. Virtually all measures of favorable physical and mental health are associated with normal or above-average levels of BDNF. Therefore if you suspect your current BDNF level is low, you may want to utilize some of the options listed above to increase it.\nKeep in mind that your levels will not dramatically rise overnight. Most researchers highlight the fact that it can take several months before deficient BDNF levels normalize. Keep putting forth consistent effort with the methods listed above and you’ll not only increase BDNF production, but improve your overall health.\n- Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24782766", "label": "No"} {"text": "Two years ago, Vancouver city council approved a strategy to move the community off fossil fuels by 2050. For some, and given our current reliance on petroleum and natural gas, the city’s goal represents the unattainable. But none among those who study the issue contests the idea that the city can be powered and fuelled solely from renewable energy. Energy-modelling work done by both Navius Research, which was used as a foundation for the city’s Renewable City Strategy, and Simon Fraser University’s Energy and Materials Research Group confirm this possibility by 2050. Never mind the fact that a number of jurisdictions from around the world are also planning for 100-per-cent renewable energy, community-wide — including Portland, Ore., Victoria and Saanich. To be sure, there is a long road ahead. A report from the City of Vancouver pegs the community at 30-per-cent renewable and 70-per-cent fossil-fuel use. But to better understand Vancouver’s prospects, we need to take a deeper look at the future trends and opportunities for power, movement and heat.\nVancouver Sun 5th Nov 2017 read more »", "label": "No"} {"text": "Concerns about the potential visual effects of utility-scale energy facilities on the nation's scenic, cultural, and historic resources have become a factor in slowing or halting energy and electric transmission projects. Because these projects are so important to the nation's energy supply, their potential visual impacts need to be identified and mitigated.\nThe EVS Division has undertaken a number of studies to analyze visual resources. Detailed information about this work is online at http://visualimpact.anl.gov/.\nThe studies fall into four broad areas:\n- Perception of visual contrasts from utility-scale energy facilities. These field studies identify the visual characteristics of energy facilities and identify and analyze factors that cause the facilities to contrast with the natural landscape.\n- Planning and siting of energy facilities to avoid or reduce potential visual impacts to sensitive visual resource areas. This work develops geographic information system-based tools for accurate prediction of visual impacts and, in a new project, is developing a systematic approach for inventorying and classifying scenic landscapes near U.S. national parks and monuments.\n- Visual impact assessment and mitigation guidance for renewable energy. Products of this effort include a handbook for the Bureau of Land Management of best practices for mitigating the visual impacts of utility-scale energy facilities and guidance to help National Park Service staff evaluate the quality of visual impact assessments for energy development projects.\n- Visual impact assessments as part of national- or regional-scale programmatic environmental impact statements related to a variety of large-scale energy development projects.\nRelated Research Areas\nSee the Research Highlights Index for a complete list of EVS research highlights.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Success story of drip irrigation and fertigation in Turkey\nThe Nigde-Nevsehir Region in Turkey accounts for more than 1/3 of Turkey's potato production (1.2 million tons). Sprinkler and basin irrigation systems have been used for potato growing in the past in this light-textured soil region.\nDuring the past 16 years, the SWMCN subprogramme has successfully implemented FAO/IAEA-funded TCPs in improving water and nitrogen management in this region with the support of the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority-Ankara Nuclear Research Center in Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Ankara (TAEA-ANRCAAS) as the main counterpart and the following partner institutions: Turkish Science and Technology Research Authority (TSTRA), Nigde Potato Research Institute (MA-NPRI), Ankara University, Agricultural Faculty, Soil Science Department, Ankara (AUAFSSD), and the Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute (SFRI) in Ankara.\nAlthough a conversion from conventional sprinkler irrigation system to drip irrigation-fertigation would cost farmers approximately USD200 per hectare, 60 million dollar annual savings in terms of time, energy and labour inputs in irrigation and the cost associated with the reduction in fertilizer applications would be attained in the region if all farmers adopt drip irrigation and fertigation instead of conventional sprinkler system. Not only such huge savings will be achieved, contamination of ground waters with nitrate leaching can be avoided. These findings from TCPs have been communicated to Turkish farming community by the Turkish main project counterparts (TAEA-ANRCAAS and MA-NPRI) through a 12 minute-interview with the Turkish Radio Television (TRT) on July 2000 at a field site on a farmer's property in the the Cappadocia Region.\nThe importance of drip irrigation-fertigation for potato growing in the Cappadocia Region was recognized by the Turkish Government with an Act passed by the General Assembly on 14 November 2004 indicating that the Government can provide farmers in the region with a loan of a low interest rate to allow farmers to switch to drip irrigation-fertigation. The interest in drip irrigation-fertigation in the region has been remarkable after the announcement of this Act.\nThe area under drip irrigation-fertigation had increased from 500 hectare in 2003 to 4000 ha in 2006. Such increase suggests that within a next couple of years, drip irrigation and fertigation system will be the prevailing irrigation system in the region. The above results obtained from the Cappadocia Region can be extrapolated to the light textured soils of Central Anatolia-Bolu Region and Agean Sea Region under nearly similar climatic conditions.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Revisiting the iconography of Ansel Adams\nPaintings and text by Peter Edlund\nANSEL ADAMS ECHOED the Hudson River School practice of idolizing the American wilderness with little political regard to what was actually happening around wild places. In 1943, Adams was hired by the Relocation Authority, a branch of the Department of Justice, to document the lives of Japanese-Americans imprisoned during World War II at Camp Manzanar in southern California. During this time he also took many of his characteristic and subsequently famous landscape views.\nThe series of works represented in this portfolio, Homeland Security, comprises painted adaptations of Adams’s black-and-white photographs made at or near the Japanese internment camps. Wartime in America then, and since September 11, 2001, was and remains a time of racial profiling, diminished civil liberties, and retaliation.\nTwo of my pieces directly allude to the attack on the Twin Towers in New York, the event that prompted Homeland Security. I painted two versions of Adams’s images of the Yellowstone geyser Old Faithful in orange and blue, the two colors I associate with the morning of September 11, which I experienced from my home in lower Manhattan: the orange of the explosions and fires, and the brilliant blue of the sky. I have painted a fictitious American landscape, as fictitious as the one represented in the photographs themselves.", "label": "No"} {"text": "This year February 14th, St Valentine’s Day falls on a Sunday, opening the prospect of a whole weekend of love and laughter.\nSt Valentine’s Day on Sunday 14th February is one of three important dates in the social calendar that tumble upon each other in close succession; we also have Mother’s Day on Sunday 14th March and Easter on Sunday 4th April.\nBut, where did St Valentine’s Day come from? And, how do we celebrate it here in St Margarets?\nThere are varying opinions as to the origin of Valentine’s Day. It is thought that, indirectly the origin of this day that celebrates love is a long and bloody war campaign raged by Emperor Claudius II.\nThe Emperor was having great difficulty getting men to sign up for his war campaign, which he felt was because the men did not want to leave their wives and families. So, he cancelled all marriages and engagements.\nSt Valentine was a Roman priest in those days and he and another, St Marius, secretly married couples in love and for this defiance he was apprehended and martyred on February 14th, 269 AD. Legend says that St Valentine left a farewell note for the jailer’s daughter, who had become his friend, and signed it “From Your Valentine”. In 496 A.D. Pope Gelasius set aside February 14 to honour St Valentine.\nOthers say the root of St Valentine’s Day is a tradition, rather than a person. In ancient Rome, February 14th was a holiday to honour Juno. Juno was the Queen of the Roman Gods and Goddesses. The Romans also knew her as the Goddess of women and marriage.\nThe following day, February 15th, began the Feast of Lupercalia. In those days the lives of young boys and girls were strictly separate. However, on the eve of the festival of Lupercalia the names of Roman girls were written on slips of paper and placed into jars and each young man would draw a girl’s name from the jar. The boy and girl would then be partners for the duration of the festival. Sometimes the pairing of the children lasted an entire year, and often, they would fall in love and would later marry.\nWhatever the origin, February 14th became established as a day in which a couple celebrated their love; boys and girls would send a card declaring their interest or affection to someone they admired - whether it was their parents, friends, teachers or grandparents. Competitions ensued over how many cards each person got, and many happy hours were spent over guessing the identity of their secret admirer.\nOther random St Valentine’s facts:\n- There is a town called ‘Loveland’ in Colerado that does a roaring trade in postcards and postage on 14th February.\n- The first commercial Valentines days cards were supposedly sent by a lady called Esther Howland in America. Commercial cards were introduced around the 1800s.\n- Shirley Valentine was made at our very own Twickenham Film Studios. Formed in 1929, the studios are the most important post production studios in the UK.\n- Love’s Labour Lost, often credited to Shakespeare has been also credited to Francis Bacon, and reportedly written here is sunny Twickenham.\n- Mills and Boon, those peddlers of love stories to the masses, have recently developed a love for Rugby and all things Twickenham with stories featuring Twickenham Rugby Stadium.\nSt Valentine’s in St Margarets\nHow are we celebrating St Valentine’s Day in St Margarets?\nOur local florist, Forgetmenot Flowers, is of course catering to the lovers in our area, with beautiful bouquets from £25 including delivery. If you prefer, they have also created arrangements in hearts, tea cups and vases which are very beautiful and which can also be delivered to the one you love for St Valentine’s. See their web page www.forgetmenotflowersdelivery.co.uk for pictures and details.\nAlternatively, why restrict yourself to one day? Forgetmenot Flowers have noted that many people are choosing a ‘Friday Flowers’ delivery for the month of February or March instead of the traditional one off display of affection. Apparently the men and women of St Margarets like to show they care every week and not just on the 14th February!\nTo cater for this, Forgetmenot Flowers provide Gift Certificates for those who think that a flower is for all year around, not just St Valentine’s.\nIf it’s a traditional romantic meal you are looking for, then Brula (www.brula.co.uk) offer fresh, seasonal dining in a beautiful setting. If you prefer to dine at home, then their home dining service will bring Brula to you at home.\nIf you are looking for that special place to celebrate Valentines then look no further. This year we are celebrating Valentines over Saturday and Sunday. Choose from a specially created 3 course Valentines menu accompanied with a Valentines cocktail or from our new a la Carte menu. During the day on Sunday there is also a Valentines brunch for a seductive start to your day.\nTo make a booking contact George Muller on 020 8892 7166 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.org\nThe Crown Pub\nIf you are looking for an alternative to the traditional romantic night out, look no further than the Crown (www.thecrownintwickenham.co.uk) who has a rocking night planned with Roland Rock on Saturday 13th pm, and a romantic roast lunch on the big day itself.\nYou could also brave the elements and pack a romantic picnic and stroll off to enjoy the beautiful buildings around Twickenham and St Margarets, many an inspiration to love and beauty. Twickenham was the 18th century equivalent of Beverley Hills, popular with the foremost artisans. Henrietta Howard, mistress of George II, had Marble Hill House built for her and regularly entertained the greatest poets and wits of the day. Or you could visit Horace Walpole’s gothic fantasy at Strawberry Hill and Pope’s Grotto. A gentle stroll along the riverside reveals beautiful gardens and open spaces such as the York House garden sculptures and the baroque Octagon Room of Orleans House; enough to inspire any love lorn romantic.\n– from Roisin Morris", "label": "No"} {"text": "St Albans children have one of lowest obesity rates in the country\n- Credit: Getty Images/iStockphoto\nSt Albans has one of the lowest childhood obesity rates in England, according to figures released by the NHS.\nJust 10 per cent of Year 6 pupils in the district were obese during the 2017/2018 school year, which is one of the lowest rates in England. In some London boroughs, such as Barking and Dagenham, almost one in three 10 to 11-year-olds are classified as obese.\nThe figures, which come from the National Child Measurement Programme, show that in St Albans 1.3 per cent of Year 6 children are severely obese, and a further 11 per cent are overweight. In the same school year just six per cent of St Albans’s children were obese in Reception.\nChildren from the most disadvantaged backgrounds were found to be more than twice as likely to be obese as those from the wealthiest areas.\nPublic health minister Steve Brine said: “Obesity is a problem that has been decades in the making – one that will take significant effort across government, schools, families and wider society to address.”", "label": "No"} {"text": "This is not a pipe. It's a painting.\nPresident Lincoln was not much for hiding behind language or engaging in obfuscation, and he would sometime pose a riddle to new staffers to underscore the point.\n\"If you call a tail a leg,\" he would ask, \"how many legs does a dog have?\n\"No, four. Calling a tail a leg doesn't make it a leg.\"\nI tell this tale, because it is more than a little germane when it comes to the taxonomy of dogs.\nIf I point to a cross between a Dachshund and a Corgi, and proclaim it to be a \"Shenandoah Mountain Setter,\" does that make it a bird dog?\nIf I pick up a Border Collie at the shelter and insist on calling it a \"Black and White Swan,\" does that make it a bird?\nAnd yet, there seems to be confusion among some people in the dog world, who think words mean nothing. Words do mean something. Take, for example, the word terrier.\nAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary and Etymology Online, this is the origin and meaning of the term:\nc.1440, from O.Fr. chien terrier \"terrier dog,\" lit. \"earth dog,\" from M.L. terrarius \"of earth,\" from L. terra \"earth\" (see terrain). So called because the dogs pursue their quarry (foxes, badgers, etc.) into their burrows.\nA terrier is a small dog that goes to earth and which pursues its quarry -- foxes, badger, etc. -- into their burrows.\nI could not have said it better, though I might have given a bit more history.\nFor example, I might have detailed the fact that Dame Juliana Berners, writing in the Boke of St. Albans (1496) noted that there were 14 basic types of dogs:\n\"Thyse ben the names of houndes,\" she wrote, \"fyrste there is a Grehoun, a Bastard, aMengrell, a Mastiff, a Lemor, a Spanyel, Raches, Kenettys, Teroures, Butchers' Houndes, Myddyng dogges, Tryndel-taylles, and Prikheridcurrys, and smalle ladyes' poppees that bere awaye the flees.\"\nLater, in 1576, John Keys (who wrote under the Latinized name Johannes Caius) divided the world of dogs into five broad categories. Under the first group type, the Venatici, or dogs used to hunt beasts, could be found:\nLeverarws or Harriers; Terrarius or Terrars; Sanguinarius or Bloodhounds; Agaseus or Gazehounds; Leporanus or Grehounds; Loranus or Lyemmer; Vertigus or Tumbler; and Cams furax or Stealer.\nIn an entirely different group (his fourth category), Caius noted that were various kinds of herding and guard dogs.\nCanis pastoralis, or the Shepherd's Dogge; The Mastive, or Bandogge, called Canis Villaticus Or Carbenarius, which hath sundry names derived from sundry circumstances.\nPrior to the 19th Century, there were very few \"breeds\" of dogs; most were just types.\nThis seems to be a point of confusion for some people who are a bit shaky as to what constitutes a \"breed\" versus a \"type.\"\nThe Oxford English Dictionary says a breed is \"a line of descendants perpetuating particular hereditary qualities.\"\nIn the modern world, it is generally deemed to be an animal that \"breeds true\" for at least seven generations.\nBut what does it mean to \"breed true?\"\nGood people can, and do disagree. The American Kennel Club, for example, splits breeds that other registries and countries lump together, and vice versa.\nThe good news is that the real experts -- the people who actually work their dogs on a regular basis rather than merely parade them around at the end of a string leash, are not too often confused.\nA genuine terrierman knows what a true terrier is, just as a running dog man knows what a true sighthound is. And as for the houndsman, he will tell you a good dog is never the wrong color, and the same can be said of those who herd sheep for a living, or depend on dogs to carry them over 200 miles of open arctic snow and ice.\nBut, of course, these people are in the minority today, aren't they?\nInstead of people who engage in honest work with types of dogs, we now have show ring theoreticians who are obsessed with breeds of dogs.\nFor them, a dog is not what it does, it is whatever the piece of paper says, and that piece of paper is all wrapped up in a romantic history cocked up years ago by an all-breed book writer penning paragraphs about a dog he never owned and never worked.\nAs a result, we have complete and total nonsense in the world of canine taxonomy.\nTake the issue of terriers, for example.\nDespite what some folks would have you believe, a \"terrier\" is not a universal catch-phrase that can be properly tagged to any type of scruffy-looking or game-bred dog. It is a dog that goes to ground.\nSo then, is a dachshund a terrier? Yes! It is included in all books about working terriers. A true terrier is defined by the work it does, same as a true collie or a true bird dog is defined by the work it does.\nA 60-pound hound is not a terrier.\nThat would seem to be simple and obvious enough, but for some folks it is not. And so, in the topsy-turvy world of the early dog show world, a few odd-looking Otterhounds were once crossed with a working terrier and then called the \"Bingley\" or \"Waterside\" terrier, and then later renamed the \"Aierdale\" terrier.\nBut can a dog that is almost entirely hound, and which weighs 60 pounds be called a true terrier? Only if you would call a transvestite a woman!\nAn Aierdale is a hound in form, and it does a hound's work in the field when it is worked. A houndsman knows it is a hound, for it is found in his kennels, and not that of the terrierman.\nAierdales, in turn, were crossed with a herding breed (the Giant Schnauzer) and a molosser breed (the Rottweiler) and a few herding and guard dogs (Caucasian Ovcharkas and Eastern European Shepherds). The resulting cross was called a \"Black Russian Terrier,\" despite the fact that there is no terrier in the breed at all.\nOnce again, you can call the dog whatever you want, but calling it so does not make it true. A Black Russian Terrier is not a terrier in any way, shape or form.\nGoing down the list, we have the Tibetan Terrier which is not a terrier (it is a spaniel), and we have the Schnauzer (it is a miniature version of its larger herding-dog relative), and we have the American Staffordshire Terrier, and the Pit Bull Terrier, which are molosser (guard dog) breeds.\nAnd then, of course, we have the Bull Terrier which is neither true terrier nor true molosser. It is, instead, the most common type of dog on earth today: the dog dealer's dog. This is an animal cocked up for the pet trade, and for no other purpose than to trot around the ring and lie next to the chair.\nTo be clear, there is nothing wrong with a dog being created solely for the purpose of being a pet. That is the work of most dogs, and it is the purpose to which most terrier breeds have devolved. But let's not kid ourselves that these dogs were ever bred for any other purpose, eh? A pet is an honorable enough occupation; let us not gild the lily with nonsense histories or contrived work.\nAnd as for ratting, let me say this clear: any dog can rat. A whippet is a fine ratter. But it is not a terrier. If a dog is too large to go to ground, and has never gone to ground, it is not a true terrier, because it is not a dog of the dirt.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Jun 29, 2009. Yet treatment with popular remedies for acid reflux, like the. travel from the mouth to the throat, then down the esophagus into the stomach,\nGERD is a more serious and long-lasting form of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). These symptoms may include vomiting, gagging, coughing, and trouble breathing. Your baby. Often your child will just have a bad taste in his or her mouth.\nIf you aren’t sure that you have symptoms of acid reflux or if you’re wondering if some of the other things that are bothering you could be tied to reflux, then see.\nGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as acid reflux, is a long-term condition in which stomach contents rise up into the esophagus, resulting in either symptoms or complications.\nAcid reflux is a fairly common condition that occurs when stomach acids and other stomach contents back up into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).\n29.03.2019 · Acid reflux, or the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, throat or mouth, is the most noticeable symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).\nReflux is when the contents of the stomach are regurgitated (brought back up), either up the oesophagus (food tube) or into the mouth. The medical term for reflux is gastro-oesophageal reflux…\nGerd Reinke Bass Player Legacy.com is the leading provider of online obituaries for the newspaper industry. Legacy.com enhances online obituaries with Guest Books, funeral home information, and florist links. Foto free lourdes munguia. vendita\nSwallowing problems or acid reflux can give patients similar symptoms of nasal/ throat drainage. LPR is similar to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, or GERD.\nSep 4, 2018. Gastroesophageal reflux, also known as acid reflux, occurs when the stomach contents reflux or back up into the esophagus and/or mouth.\n29.03.2019 · Hyperacidity, as known as acid reflux or heartburn, is irritation of the esophagus that results when acid from the stomach is released into the esophagus.\nIndigestion Due Chemo I am on Xeloda, 1500mg 2X daily, two weeks on one off. Colon cancer , 10cm colectomy at the sigmoid colon , two 26 week chemo treatments. I have had\nOct 12, 2018. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when the upper. back into the muscular tube linking the mouth to the stomach (esophagus).\nAcid reflux is caused by digestive juices creeping up from the stomach back into the esophagus. Click to learn how an acid reflux diet can help symptoms.\nAcid reflux is a condition in which acid backs up from the stomach into the esophagus and even up to the throat, irritating their lining tissues.\nLearn about gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD, acid reflux, heartburn) symptoms like heartburn, chest pain, regurgitation, and nausea. Diet, causes, diagnosis, treatment and prevention information is.\nARTICLE SUMMARY • Western allopathic medicine blames GERD on the flawed and outdated theory of stomach acid overproduction, but GERD is actually due to a lack of stomach acid, which can arise in response to multiple triggers.\nCare for your child with GERDS with these helpful hints. The esophagus (eh- SOF–uh-gus) is the tube that goes from the mouth to the stomach. A muscle at the lower end. It can lead to breathing problems or failure to gain weight. However.\nMay 14, 2018. Acid reflux and its more chronic cousin, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. When that happens, breathing ensues through our mouths. Dental appliances, chin cups, and other oral devices may be used to help with mouth.\nChronic GER is often diagnosed as gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD.. Airway obstruction due to swollen tonsils may cause mouth breathing,\nJun 14, 2018. It can cause bloating, pain, indigestion, diarrhea or constipation. One of the basic tenets of obstructive sleep apnea is its' strong association with acid reflux. especially if you are a mouth breather with lower levels of saliva.\nAcid Reflux Symptoms and Complications The most common acid reflux and GERD symptoms include: Heartburn; Bitter taste in your mouth, periodically or (for some people) throughout the day (some people taste regurgitated food or sour liquid at the back of their mouths/throats)\nIt is the inability of food or liquid to pass easily from the mouth, into the throat, Having a tracheostomy (artificial opening in the throat for breathing). Irritation or scarring of the esophagus or vocal cords by acid in gastroesophageal reflux.\nGORD is liquid acid reflux causing heartburn and indigestion. features of such reflux, such as postprandial coughing, a funny taste in the mouth or symptoms.\nacid reflux – you produce more stomach acid than normal when you're anxious. throat; mouth breathing – when you're relaxed you breathe through your nose,\nAug 28, 2018. Heartburn can affect your ability to get a good night's sleep. If you experience acid reflux at night, here are tips that can help mitigate the.\nAcid reflux can cause an uncomfortable burning feeling in your chest, which can radiate up toward your neck. This feeling is often known as heartburn.\nThroat irritation can refer to a dry cough, a scratchy feeling at the back of the throat, a sensation. Both of these organisms enter the body via the nose or mouth as aerosolized particles. and painful swallowing, drooling saliva, hoarse voice, difficulty breathing and malaise. See also: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.\nJun 19, 2007. Ok, last night I woke up in the middle of the night gasping for air! I couldn't breathe out of my nose OR mouth! I had to force myself to suck in.\nHowever, the mouth-body connection means that other bad breath smells can tell. restricts air flow, making sufferers more likely to breathe through their mouth. Any kind of condition that causes stomach acid/heartburn/stomach distress.\nHydrochloric acid has many uses. It is used in the production of chlorides, fertilizers, and dyes, in electroplating, and in the photographic, textile, and rubber industries.\nLaryngomalacia is the most frequent cause of noisy breathing (stridor) in infants and. laryngomalacia need oral medications to treat gastroesophageal reflux.\nDry throat is often related to mouth breathing and snoring at night, and is. Other more serious conditions, such as asthma or gastroesophageal reflux disease.\nIs It Possible To Burp Up Stomach Acid What Causes Acid Reflux Disease? One common cause of acid reflux disease is a stomach abnormality called a hiatal hernia. This occurs when the upper part of the stomach. Hi", "label": "No"} {"text": "When April 6, 1917, tossed the American spectators onto the European gridiron, they had not even a high school squad to meet the professionals. The 1916 Defense Act had been merely the promise of a team for which only a few freshmen had reported. The army had no large tactical units in a modern sense, few weapons, a dearth of officers, no experience with trench warfare, little training and less strength. It had 9,750 officers of all grades and experience, while 180,000 of the utmost efficiency were immediately necessary.\nOn the other hand, it had received a signal blessing in disguise. Few have ever regarded Pancho Villa as a benefactor. But his crossing our border the previous year had given our President the excuse of training a large portion of the Regular Army and about 150,000 National Guardsmen on the Mexican border. The hardening, discipline and schooling in the field were the finest to date for the army and made possible later the ability of the American forces, especially the First, Second, Twenty-sixth and Forty-second Divisions, to turn the tide in March, 1918, in France. There has been much speculation since as to what might have happened had not Mr. Villa done us this temporary or ultimate ill‑turn or favor.\n1917 The main antidote to our preparing after declaring came forty days and forty nights after our entry. The Congress executed a single piece of legislation to implement the entire American war effort. It consisted of two main advances: the first equitable draft legislation in our history, and adequate provision for training camps for officers. Major General Leonard Wood had been the army impulse behind the officers' training camps, and Major Douglas MacArthur had been the propulsion for the draft behind the newspapers.\nThe law caused the regular army to be brought up to full war p464strength by providing immediately the five annual instalments of the 1916 Act. It also authorized drafting into the military service any number of National Guard reserves, who were to be organized under proper officers at once. It allowed an additional force of 500,000 enlisted men to be raised and drafted for a national army, and gave the President authority to increase or decrease the size of the units of the regular army to suit the conditions to be met in Europe. It stipulated that all officers above the grade of colonel were to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. It caused machine‑gun units to be created. This force of 1,000,000 men in round numbers could be called out, organized, and trained as soon as the President saw fit. He was further authorized to raise and maintain by voluntary enlistment not to exceed 4 infantry divisions. The enlisted men for the regular army, if possible, were to be gained by recruiting those who volunteered or by resorting to the selective draft. All other forces were to be raised and maintained by the selective draft exclusively. The whole contingent was to be placed uniformly under the regulations governing the regular army. The President was authorized to raise and maintain in addition any special and technical troops he might deem necessary. It was particularly provided that no bounty should be paid to any one as an inducement to enlist in the regular service. No person was allowed to furnish a substitute. All male persons between the ages of twenty‑one and thirty, except those who were especially exempted by the law, were subject to registration and draft. All officers and enlisted men of the forces raised were to be upon the same footing in regard to pay and allowances as the regular army. All enlisted men of the army of the United States, meaning all the forces obtained under this law, were to have their pay raised.1\np465 The President was also authorized to make regulations concerning the prohibition of alcoholic liquors in or near military camps. He was also virtually required to prevent the setting up of houses of ill fame or brothels within such distances of any camp, station, fort, post, cantonment, training, or mobilization place as he might see fit.\nThree days after the President signed this bill, 40,000 civilian candidates for commissions appeared at 16 large cantonments throughout the country — willing, green, and soft. To receive them at each camp were from 10 to 12 regular officers, scattered barracks, a few partially constructed shacks, and the open air. The average instructor had to teach, train, select, and recommend for commission about 150 men in less than three months. Second and third sets of training camps were later set up similarly.\nUnder such haste and pressure the products were named \"90‑day wonders.\" Although they humorously gave themselves this nickname, probably no nation ever saw any finer contrast assembled. Their performances, despite the limited training their country allowed them, are brilliant pages in the records of the War Department, and their sacrifice because of their limited training lies underneath the crosses in France. But haste characterized the efforts to obtain enlisted men as well as officers.\nFor the immediate enforcement of the draft law, Major General E. H. Crowder was appointed provost marshal general.\n1917 A registration day was at once fixed, and some 4,000 civilian registration boards over the country with a personnel of registrars and assistants to the number of 125,000 were appointed and organized. Registration day saw the enrolment of 10,000,000 names.\nThe manner of calling out these drafted men was the next problem. A great lottery was established in Washington which fixed the order of call for the whole.\n1917 When this feature had been determined, the boards were required to call in the names according to the lists of numbers and have the recruits examined physically in order to complete the first national quota of 687,000 men. Shortly, the selective service system was ready to deliver to the national cantonments 180,000 men. Sept. 1\n1917 In less than three months the nation had accepted and vigorously executed without any p466serious friction that miraculous thing in a democracy — a compulsory service law.\nTo accommodate the organization of these inducted men into divisions for overseas, camps had to be built at once for 41,000 men each. The difficulties presented to the army in construction work were formidable. The enlargement that fell to the lot of the Quartermaster Corps alone was colossal. The country had no rendezvous such as our enemies had had long before the war, because of the denial of such a thing in the previous decades. While the old world had learned to take things pretty much as they are, we were still counting on things as they ought to be.2\nAs we had no place for a large army here, so we had no maneuver space, possible battlefields, or enough munitions. We had to go beyond the seas for them. There was an insufficiency of training schools and almost a total lack of artillery and airplanes. The government had to adopt the French auto‑gun, machine gun, 37‑millimeter gun, the rifle grenade (V. B.), the 240‑millimeter trench mortar and the Stokes mortar, which were mostly supplied from abroad. Since nearly all of the regular officers had been deprived of experience and of observation of the World War I, the main instruction they could give the candidate was found in pre‑wartime regulations. So many blank forms were necessary that some had to be dug up which dated back to the 80's. The foremost necessity and possibility in the limited time was to instill in young officers the element of discipline and loyalty, if possible. It was impossible to teach young men from all walks of life any deep military technic and art in these short months and under such conditions. There were officers commissioned in the artillery who had never fired a gun, in the ordnance who had never seen an arsenal, and in the infantry who had p467never been in command of men anywhere. This condition was the fault of no single person but rather the mass of the country during the preceding five years.3\nScarcely had this Selective Service bill become a law, when\n1917 General Pershing in command of the American Expeditionary Forces sailed with 53 officers and 146 enlisted men from the United States. June 26\n1917 The next contingent to arrive in France was the division under Major General William L. Sibert consisting of the Sixteenth, Eighteenth, Twenty-sixth and Twenty-eighth Infantry, together with the Fifth Marines. Most of these units had but a month before been guarding the Mexican border. They were practically all the trained troops in the country that could be put at war strength and sent abroad. Sept.\n1917 It was not until much later that other divisions began to arrive.\n1918 At the beginning of the next year 1,325,000 men had been enrolled. Forty‑two divisions had been organized, 8 of which were Regulars, 17 National Guard and 17 National Army. Out of these only 6 had been landed in France. Only 4 on French soil could be classified as fighting divisions by having completed their training abroad. They were the First and Second Divisions p468of Regulars and the Twenty-sixth and Forty-second Divisions of National Guard.\nSince these units had exhausted the first quota of men called to the colors, General Crowder had to draft the remainder of the Class 1 men, while the War Department was setting in motion plans for other training camps. The effort on this side of the waters grew acceleratingly to fill General Pershing's requests for more and more supplies and men. But to get them over there was another story.\nThroughout the year, transportation was an intricate problem with little tonnage on hand and with a sea infested with submarines. Both the general staff and the ports of embarkation were taxed to the extreme. 1918 It was not until the middle of the summer of our second year that facilities were brought into full swing toward bearing troops across the Atlantic.\nCould an American army of any size be transported to France, properly staffed, organized, and made of any consequence in the fight? Such was the challenge to General Pershing. Many Allied generals and others were highly skeptical of such a possibility. Indeed, it appeared they were right when not a fraction of physical aid arrived on the Western Front until\n1917 seven months after our declaration, and then but 1 regiment, the Eleventh Engineers at Passchendaele Ridge. Jan. 19\n1918 Over nine months after we entered the war a division, the First, took over a quiet sector north of Toul. Similarly, a month later the Twenty-sixth Division appeared at Soissons and the Forty-second near Lunéville. Mar. 18\n1918 The following month the Second went into line near Verdun, over eleven months after our entry — and, except for the excellent achievements of the small body of engineers, we had really not yet entered the fight. The French and British were disappointed and resentful. The American strength was a myth. In addition, General Pershing, following instructions with a steadfast backbone, was holding aloof in order to organize an American army instead of amalgamating in small groups with the British and French.\nWhereas our late aid had been the fault of the American people in their habitual supineness before all our wars, General Pershing's reluctance to fight on any other conditions than as an American army was the wisest course in the long run because\np469of the morale and genius of our people. To be known as part of a British or French unit was nausea to the American soldier. Yet both the tardiness of active entry and the aloofness until we were organized and trained as an army were plain betrayals in the eyes of our Allies. The American soldiers professed much but did little.\n1918 Already there were a quarter of a million of them in France. And wasn't it nearly a year since they had been so noisy about the Yanks coming?\nGeneral Pershing saw the serious consequences and compromised temporarily.\n1918 When the German assaults made more reserves a question of victory or defeat, he placed his forces unhesitatingly at the disposal of Marshal Foch. May 28\n1918 The organization of a distinct American army languished, but the heroic actions of the First Division at Cantigny, the Second and Third Divisions at Château-Thierry June 4‑\n1918 and the Second Division at Belleau Woods, Bouresches and Vaux put an end to any question as to the effectiveness of American troops.\nAlthough General Pershing promptly turned over his units to Marshal Foch, he tenaciously clung to the formation of a separate army whenever it could be safely achieved.\n1918 He had by mid‑summer taken pains to organize four army corps, the I, II, III and IV.4 June 6\n1918 In early summer he had gained permission from Marshal p470Pétain to form an American army corps on the Château-Thierry front. Between then and midsummer he had worked vigorously on building the First American Army, which was completed in time for the next big offensive. July 24\n1918 The day after he took over his organized army headquarters, it was decided in a conference of Allied commanders-in‑chief that the St. Mihiel salient should be reduced. General Pershing's First Army was assigned the principal tas. The bitter contentions and recriminations of over a year were to be buried under the fruits of persistence and weight of American solidarity. Aug. 10\n1918 The First Army was secretly concentrated on that front, Liggett's I Corps along the southern face or right side of the triangle, Dickman's IV Corps extending that side to the left, French divisions occupying the apex, and Cameron's V corps well up on the other side.5 It was a steam-shovel movement with the French at the hinge.\n1918 In about twenty-four hours after the jump‑off, the First and Twenty-sixth Divisions of the IV and V Corps respectively, met in the middle of the sector, and with the other divisions cut off the bulk of the Germans in the point of the salient, capturing p47116,000 prisoners and much war material. The efficiency, celerity and success of the attack completely vindicated the formation and power of an American army.\nConcurrently with the preparations for the St. Mihiel offensive went those for the Meuse-Argonne region. That theater had already been chosen by General Pershing for the fall offensive.\n1918 Fifteen divisions were moved thence, including seven that had been in the St. Mihiel battle.\nNov. 1‑11 The three phases of the offensive are well described in various histories of World War I — how the progress of the American soldiers went steadily forward in the face of mud, morass, cooties, machine‑gun hornets, and every harrowing device and obstacle known to the cunning of the Germans — how in the last phase Pershing's armies threatened the German supply lines through Sedan — how intrepidity and desire scrambled certain units in their high endeavor to be the first to reach that city — Nov. 11\n1918 and how the very threat was the deciding factor which produced the Armistice.\nSimilarly, there have been described actions of American forces on other fronts.\n1920 Major General William S. Graves' Siberian expedition, consisting mainly of the Twenty-seventh and Thirty-first Infantry, with its three-fold mission of guarding military stores, aiding the Czechs, and helping the Russians, while keeping free from Russian politics, presented cross-currents even more intricate than those of General Pershing in Mexico. With his expedition part of the time under Japanese command, furiously set upon by the Ogre of Chita, double-crossed by supposed Allies, the story of his help to the Czechs and extrication from his unhappy mission is one of the epics of defense against chameleon friend and foe in a far country.\n1918 Likewise to aid the Czechs, 143 officers and 4,344 enlisted men of the Eighty-fifth Division then arriving overseas, were sent under Lieutenant Colonel George E. Stewart6 from England to Archangel, North Russia. Sept.\n1919 The small force was stretched over •450 miles, in most dismal, lonely, arctic fighting. Its numbers were more than decimated by casualties. Fighting under p472British command its exploits have been obscured and its heroism little exploited. April 9\n1919 Later, Brigadier General Wilds P. Richardson7 assumed command. Leaving\n1919 The whole force was held in Russia over six months after the Armistice.\nOn other fronts, the American soldier likewise distinguished himself. The II Corps under Major General George W. Read advanced •about 15 miles and\n1918 pierced the Hindenburg Line near Le Cateau. The Second and Thirty-sixth Divisions in succession assaulted Mont Blanc between Rheims and the Argonne successfully and advanced •nearly fourteen miles to the Aisne River. Oct. 2‑Oct. 10\n1918 Aiding the Sixth French Army in Belgium, the Thirty-seventh and Ninety-first Divisions with the artillery of the Twenty-eighth, by dauntless attacks, Oct. 30‑Nov. 3\n1918 drove the enemy beyond the Escaut and to the Scheldt rivers.a\nto Armistice Often forgotten is the work of the Three hundred and Thirty-second Infantry on the Italian front and its aid of the Italians against the Austrians, especially at the crossing of the Piave.\nTo commemorate the work of the Services of Supply would occupy a volume in itself. Its personnel of 644,540 at the time of the Armistice and its handling of eight million tons of munitions of every type from weapons to beans during the operations gives but a suggestion of the expanse of its task for more than two million men. The value, amount, and importance of its buying, handling, and transportation made it the world's largest single business undertaking up to that time.\nToo many times shortages from the United States both in material and manpower hampered the A. E. F. in general and the S. O. S. in particular. The supply of trucks and ambulances was embarrassingly low for the need in midsummer of 1918. Hastily made transportation like the Camion and Caledon were frequently too simplified and undependable. The replacements necessary for building up units to efficient strength caused new p473divisions arriving from the United States to be broken up for such purpose. Esprit and efficiency suffered appreciably for these and similar reasons.\nMany of these defects were remedied by the time of the Armistice, when the United States was in a fair way to become militarily competent in its own right.\nIn retrospect, the war held much that should shame us now. The training of officers and soldiers had to be scant in too many instances. Inexperience and lack of knowledge incident to haste produced in themselves undue loss of life and munitions. Soldiers had to be placed on the line when many of them had not had time to know the use of the weapons they were handling. The assignment of officers and men to the multifarious duties of a modern army could not be made with sufficient appropriateness in the time allotted. Laundrymen in the ordnance department, engineers in the quartermaster corps, mechanics in the infantry, electricians in the provost marshal general's department and lawyers in the signal corps felt themselves to be square pegs in round holes. Had there been opportunity beforehand, had all organization not been compelled to be jammed together toward one, immediate, life-and‑death end, men who were found inefficient in their assigned tasks would have been superior in their particular bent, as they sometimes were when accident or fortune allowed the transfer.\nPromotion, too, had to be haphazard when there could exist no agencies for the proper classification of officers and men. As a rule, there were no coördinating offices that could thoroughly check up recommendations, because such an elaborate system had to give place in the rush to more important considerations. To the degree that a nation is late in its discipline and training, to that extent must the sufferings of the individual be increased.\nSo must the country's extravagances. Having thrust aside sufficient airplane manufacture and manipulation before the war,\n1917 Congress hurriedly voted the sum of $44,250,000 after the outbreak of American hostilities. At this time we had altogether 55 serviceable aëroplanes, of which 51 were obsolete and 4 others nearly so. July\n1917 A joint army and navy board then made a program for obtaining 19,775 planes, at which Congress, believing money to be the panacea for all ills, voted $640,000,000. Time was required p474in selecting models and in having the machines built. In the spring of the next year it was announced that we were short of aircraft. Where had the money gone? 1918 An investigation was ordered, which came to nothing after 17,000 pages of testimony had been taken down. As a matter of fact, the planes, irrespective of business methods, could not be had in so short a time, a fact which might have been obvious before the investigation. April\n1918 One year after the declaration of war, we had in our service abroad only 1 pursuit and 2 observation squadrons of French planes flown by American pilots who had served in the French Army before we came into the conflict. America with its own craft could not before the Armistice have had superiority in the air over the enemy. The story of those vital guns, the 3‑inch field pieces, is about the same in character as that of the aëroplanes. We could not get them in time and therefore were put to the humiliating necessity of making inroads on the French supply of 75‑millimeter weapons. Vast sums appropriated for materials had to be spent when values had risen to many times the height they had stood before 1917 and when it was impossible to get delivery of the quantity to be purchased. As a result, a large proportion of the money voted was poured later into the bilge of post-bellum activities. Meanwhile General Pershing lacked many weapons and machines for effective fighting. Although the quartermaster department executed a prodigious task in constructing great cantonments over the country in the few months allotted it, the buildings and surroundings were not all that could have been expected of them, had our contractors and builders had opportunity for such work a year before the war. Cold and dampness were felt most keenly. Clothing, too, as was the case with weapons and machines, could not be had in sufficient quantities.\n1918 But in addition to all these drawbacks of hurry, a greater fact now stands out in bold relief. It took us over a year after we had entered the war to get into any real offensive against the enemy. And then, General Pershing could muster on the Western Front only 6 completely trained divisions in contrast to the 160 that our Allies had placed there. During the first year of our participation in the World War, we could bear no physical aid in the fighting. Even considering the difficulties of transportation p475overseas, it is conceded that we could have been a great factor in stemming the German tide sooner and could have saved thousands of lives and dollars lost during our delay for training purposes, had we as a nation been imbued with discipline and knowledge in the beginning.\nTo cap all, the selective draft revealed that almost half of the young manhood of our country was either defective or unfit for fighting.8 Had a large percentage of our youth had the opportunity for the development best accorded in military camps, and had such exercises been carried on even for limited periods before the war, no one can doubt that this appalling figure would have been materially reduced. Meanwhile the boy would ordinarily have become more commercially efficient and a more self-reliant citizen.\nFacing the problem of building an army on the rotten ruins of smug apathy looked many times hopeless and hapless to Pershing. But in spite of the brakes put on his efforts he did build a mighty fighting machine, which when it reached its peak had to be torn apart and taken down.\nThree major tasks confronted the former A. E. F.: to occupy its part of Germany and hold it; to clean up in France, and to demobilize both in France and America.\n1918 The first task was put into execution with Pershing's customary celerity. Six days after the Armistice, the Third Army, commanded by Major General Joseph T. Dickman, began its march into Germany. The First, Second, Third, Fourth, Thirty-second, and Forty-second Divisions had had no time for rest from the recent battles before the long, wintry marches began into enemy territory. The army established a bridgehead at Coblenz with advance headquarters at Treves. Nov. 22\n1918 Later the VII Corps under Major General William M. Wright, consisting of the Fifth, Eighty-ninth, and Ninetieth Divisions, was added to the army. The difficulties in occupied territory were many. The situation was novel for American troops, who acquitted themselves on the whole with dignity, decorum, and decency. The curious factor in this efficient effort was that the army had more trouble with its Allies than with its former enemies.\nJuly 2, 3\n1919 In midsummer of the next year it was found expedient to dissolve the Third Army as an army and replace it next day with the name of the American Forces in Germany. Major General Henry T. Allen was designated its commander.9 June 28\n1919 Decreasing necessity for such an army among former enemies in Europe became apparent after the Treaty of Versailles. Little by little troops were returned to the United States because control in occupied territory seemed less needed especially by a highly disciplined and weakened people. Five divisions left before fall. Jan. 27\n1923 Accordingly, General Allen withdrew the last of his American troops and turned the territorial command over to General Marty, commanding the French troops, four years after the Armistice.\nThe second problem in France, though little mentioned, was no light one. The Armistice suddenly reversed the whole process of the S. O. S. Men and supplies headed in had suddenly to be headed out. The current and slope of the stream had to be reversed. Construction had to give place to demolition. Over two million men were clamoring for discharge and home.\nBut there were chores in Europe still to do. Thousands of soldiers had to be repatriated, thousands had to be held against their will, surplus supplies had to be disposed of, myriads of claims had to be adjusted with a temperamental and exacting people, cemeteries had to be surveyed, improved, and reorganized, and a general overhaul and liquidation of the immense A. E. F. had to take place in an efficient and businesslike way. It was a delicate, unlovely, and critical task.\n1919 Many of these functions were begun and carried into execution by G. H. Q. of the A. E. F. However, it was dissolved and went home eight months after Armistice. The natural successor to this work was the S. O. S., which had borne the brunt of many of these undertakings. Accordingly, its former chief of staff, Brigadier General W. D. Connor, was selected as chief of the American Forces in France, and all troops there were placed under his command. With dwindling forces and oft‑times increasing difficulties, he carried on the work of leaving the American establishments with no bad trails or smells. Jan. 11\n1920 It was not until p477well over a year after the Armistice that he and the last of Americans in France could leave the country after having accomplished a clean‑up of extraordinary self-respect.\nThe third problem confronted us here in our own country. The involved executive labor and burdens of demobilization which fell upon the shoulders of General Peyton C. March, the chief of staff of the army in the United States, are too often overlooked. The war, of course, in its character, as compared with previous wars, was unique. The immense size of modern armies entailed more complicated systems of supply and broader bases of industrial support at home. A war of position demanded a great outlay of ammunition and elaborate engineering. The advance in invention had caused complicated weapons to appear, whose use was little known at the beginning and whose attributes had to be learned by a multitude of new officers without any familiarity with that sort of thing before 1917.\nAfter nineteen months of concentration of all national activities to one end, that of the production, upbuilding and maintenance of an effective war machine, it was necessary not only to tear down the structures in Siberia, Russia, and France, but to see that the consequent efflux did not interrupt activities in the United States. The welfare of the army and the country demanded that definite provision should be made for the wise distribution of men returned to civilian life. Economic and industrial conditions were absolutely dependent on the manner in which over two million soldiers were thrown back into employment or unemployment. Congestion of idle ex‑soldiers in large cities had to be prevented. Positions had to be assured for discharged men. The disposal of surplus stocks of supply and material had to be judiciously watched.\n1919 In spite of the very delicate problems surrounding the discharge of these men, the Chief of Staff in this country had, within two months after the Armistice, demobilized 732,766 men. Feb. 15\n1919 In a period of three months and four days afterward, he had methodically discharged 1,246,374 from the service — over twice as many as had been returned home during the same period after the Civil War. Not quite six months after the Armistice nearly two million men had been mustered out with little or no disturbance to business. The strength of the army of the United p478States10 on the day of the Armistice totaled 3,670,888 officers and men. By the middle of the next year 2,723,515 officers and men had been returned to civil life. June 28\n1919 The gigantic labor involved in this massive undertaking required a discernment and management that can scarcely be estimated.\nWhile on the one side these forces had to be disbanded skillfully, on the other they should not become civilians in such wholesale numbers as would leave the regular forces with no strength. Would the training of the country, as after all our other wars, be thrown into the discard? To add to the embarrassment, many officers and enlisted men of the permanent establishment had already become parts of organizations due for demobilization. Such a scheme had been found necessary in order to infiltrate an experienced personnel into those units which had had comparatively little training. To what were they to be transferred and what classes were to be absorbed? How many were to be retained and what were the inducements?\nCertain factors helped to gain sympathetic and progressive answers to these questions. A vast proportion of the population of the country had actually been in the war or closely allied with it. The hardships and low rates of pay in comparison to the relative ease and high wages at home were generally recognized as unfair. Understanding the needs of soldiers was widespread.\n1 \"All enlisted men of the Army of the United States in active service whose base pay does not exceed $21 per month shall receive an increase of $15 per month; those whose base pay is $24, an increase of $12 per month; those whose base pay is $31, $36, or $40, an increase of $8 per month; and those whose base pay is $45 or more, an increase of $6 per month: provided, That the increases of pay herein authorized shall not enter into the computation of the continuous-service pay.\"\n2 This principle is illuminated by an incident of an ordnance company arriving in France in 1918. It was marched after reaching Brest to the famous \"Caserne de .\" Two of the enlisted men speedily found their quarters and ambled through the historic barracks from which Rochambeau's men had started for America over 130 years before. Accustomed to the hasty, wooden shacks of Camp Merritt, they were astonished at the massive stone living quarters of the French Army. One of them remarked, \"Its queer how these French regard war as a permanent institution.\" It was fortunate for America it was allowed this point of view, or was it? (For this anecdote and comment the author is indebted to Dr. Randolph G. Adams, Director of the William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan, who was the private.)\n3 Much has had to be said on the previous pages of this history concerning what Congress has or has not done at various times. If those facts have amounted to criticism of that body, they are not to be so construed. Our nation has a representative form of government in which the legislator often becomes the echo of his constituents. According to our system he also has to work under the lashes of the whips of his party, or stand alone as a sort of and be discounted, even stultified. So it would be manifestly unjust to rail at Congress for its blunders, when the people are responsible entirely for its systems and oftentimes its votes. Albeit if the whole public wanted a project intensely and vigorously enough, Congress would ordinarily vote for it. Unfortunately active minorities have too frequently overwhelmed negative majorities. A constructive view was stated by a great legislator and statesman to his constituents: \"Certainly, gentlemen, it ought to be the happiness and glory of a Representative to live in the strictest union, the closest correspondence, and the most unreserved communication with his constituents. Their wishes ought to have great weight with him; their opinion high respect; their business unremitted attention. It is his duty to sacrifice his repose, his pleasures, his satisfactions, to theirs; and above all, ever and in all cases, to prefer their interest to his own. But, his unbiased opinion, his mature judgement, his enlightened conscience, he ought not to sacrifice to you; to any man, or to any set of men living. These he does not derive from your pleasure; no, nor from the Law and the Constitution. They are a trust from Providence, for the abuse of which he is deeply answerable. Your Representative owes you, not his industry only, but his judgement; and he betrays instead of serving you, if he sacrifices it to your opinion.\" (Edmund Burke, Speech at his arrival at Bristol and at the conclusion of the Poll, p14. London, 1774, J. Wilkie, publisher.)\n4 General Pershing directed on Jan. 15, 1918 that Major General Hunter Liggett form the I Army Corps at Neufchâteau, giving him his staff (Lieutenant Colonel Malin Craig, chief of staff) and corps troops. General Pershing on Feb. 20, 1918, appointed Lieutenant Colonel George S. Simonds chief of staff of the II Corps, which was to comprise the American troops in the British area, and charged him with evolving the organization of corps headquarters and troops and the amalgamation of the units under American commanders; Major General George W. Read was its first commander, June 13, 1918. Similarly on March 30, 1918, Pershing designated Lieutenant Colonel Alfred W. Bjornstad as chief of staff of the III Corps with duties for our troops on the French front akin to Colonel Simonds' duties for the British; Major General William M. Wright assumed command June 17, 1918. On June 10, 1918, General Pershing designated Lieutenant Colonel Stuart Heintzelman as chief of staff of the IV Corps, to organize it and to relieve the I Corps at Neufchâteau June 21; he appointed Major General Joseph T. Dickman as corps commander, August 16, 1918. On July 7, 1918, General Pershing appointed Major General William M. Wright in command of the new V Corps and the next day Colonel Wilson B. Burtt as its chief of staff. The old III Corps became the new V Corps, except that the staff moved to the aid of the organization of the First American Army. On July 23, General Pershing appointed Major General Omar Bundy as temporary commander of the new VI Corps, and on July 30 he appointed Colonel Briant H. Wells as its chief of staff. On August 16, 1918, General Pershing designated Major General William M. Wright as temporary corps commander of the new VII Corps and appointed Major General George H. Cameron in command of the vacated V Corps. The VIII Corps was formed November 26, 1918, after the Armistice, with Major General Henry T. Allen as commander and Colonel George C. Marshall, Jr., as chief of staff. On November 16, 1918, General Pershing appointed Brigadier General William K. Naylor as chief of staff of the IX Corps and on November 18, Major General Adelbert Cronkhite as corps commander. The headquarters began to function on November 25 at Ligny-en‑Barrois after the Armistice.\n5 This was the First Army of which General Pershing initially took command and which Lieutenant Colonel Hugh A. Drum, as its chief of staff, had started to organize July 4, 1918. General Pershing relinquished command on October 16 and turned it over to Major General Hunter Liggett, who became a Lieutenant General on November 1 and retained command until Apr. 20, 1919. Colonel Drum became a brigadier general on October 14 and retained his position as chief of staff until April 16, 1919. The Second Army was started when General Pershing appointed Colonel Stuart Heintzelman to organize it as its chief of staff, September 9, 1918. Major General Robert L. Bullard became its first commander, October 12, 1918. He was promoted to lieutenant general November 1, 1918, and remained in command until April 15, 1919. Colonel Heintzelman was promoted to brigadier general October 13 and remained as chief of staff until April 15, 1919. The Third Army was ordered to be formed November 7, 1918, but was not begun until after the Armistice, on November 15, 2 n. Major General Joseph T. Dickman took command. He remained in that capacity until April 28, 1919, when Major General Edward F. McGlachlin, Jr., took command, relinquishing it to Lieutenant General Hunter Liggett, May 2, 1919, who retained it until July 2. The Third Army's chief of staff was Brigadier General malin Craig from November 15, 1918, to July 2, 1919.\n6 Later Colonel. See Dupuy's Perish by the Sword.\n7 Later Major General. A curious expedition of railway troops consisting of the One Hundred and Sixty-seventh Operation and One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Maintenance Companies under Major Edward E. MacMorland, Coast Artillery Corps, was put under General Richardson's administration for the purpose of operation and maintenance work on the Murmansk-Petrograd Railway. It arrived at Murmansk March 25, 1919. Operating some \"broniviki,\" the expedition took part in minor engagements as the troops advanced to Lake Onega, •about 600 miles. This contingent started for home July 28, 1919.\n8 Out of 2,750,000 young men examined 46.8 per cent could not pass the physical test for front-line soldiers.\n9 The troops were the same except that the III Corps had been turned over to the S. O. S., July 1, 1919, for return to the United States.\n10 Nov. 5, 1918, the national army, National Guard and regular army were known under the single name of the Army of the United States.\na Sic: but this is the same river under two names, French and Flemish.\nImages with borders lead to more information.\nThe thicker the border, the more information. (Details here.)\nHistory of the United States Army\nA page or image on this site is in the public domain ONLY\nif its URL has a total of one *asterisk.\nIf the URL has two **asterisks,\nthe item is copyright someone else, and used by permission or fair use.\nIf the URL has none the item is © Bill Thayer.\nSee my copyright page for details and contact information.\nPage updated: 30 Apr 14", "label": "No"} {"text": "Drinking coffee every day may lengthen the life of older adults and lower their risk of death from many diseases, suggests the largest study on the topic. The study was published in the New England Journal of Medicine.\nFor the study, researchers gathered data on coffee consumption from approximately 400,000 participants of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. When the study began in 1995, the 50 to 71 year-old-participants filled out questionnaires about their coffee intake.\nBy the end of 2008, the study found that those who drank six or more cups of coffee a day - caffeinated or decaffeinated - had a 10-percent lower risk of dying during the study, compared to non-coffee drinkers.\nWhen looking at specific causes of death, coffee consumption linked to lower risk of deaths from heart disease, respiratory disease, stroke, injuries and accidents, diabetes, and infections. For cancer, there was no link between coffee consumption and risk of death overall.\nThe authors note that this is an observational study, and cannot prove it was the coffee that helped people live longer.\nContent Continues Below ⤵ ↷\nCoffee drinkers are also linked to many unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking, drinking alcohol and eating large amounts of red meat.\nThe authors adjusted for these factors and others that may have influenced the findings, but it's possible there were residual effects from the behaviors, they note.\nSource: Neal D. Freedman, Yikyung Park, Christian C. Abnet, Albert R. Hollenbeck, Rashmi Sinha. Association of Coffee Drinking with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. New England Journal of Medicine, 2012; 366 (20): 1891 DOI.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Bancroft third grade students celebrated Law Day on Friday, February 10, 2017. This is an annual event that fits perfectly into the third grade social studies government curriculum. Bancroft parent and local area lawyer, Mr. Don Kohler, comes to play the role of the judge. This interactive skit allows students take part in a court case involving an incident on the bus. Students are the jury who decide the liability after hearing all the evidence. Law Day is a fun and interactive way for students to learn more about government roles and increases student reading fluency.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Of Mice and Men: Character Profiles\nGeorge: George is the story's main protagonist, a small, quick man with well-defined features. A migrant ranch worker, George dreams of one day saving enough money to buy his own place and be his own boss, living off of the land. The hindrance to his objective is his mentally handicapped companion, Lennie, with whom he has traveled and worked since Lennie's Aunt Clara, whom George knew, died. The majority of George's energy is devoted to looking after Lennie, whose blunders prevent George from working toward his dream, or even living the life of a normal rancher. Thus, George's conflict arises in Lennie, to whom he has the ties of long-time companionship that he so often yearns to break in order to live the life of which he dreams. This tension strains George into demonstrating various emotions, ranging from anger to patience to sadness to pride and to hope.\nLennie: George's companion, the source of the novel's conflict. Lennie, enormous, ungainly, and mentally slow, is George's polar opposite both mentally and physically. Lennie's ignorance and innocence and helplessness, his childish actions, such as his desire to pet soft things, contrast his physical bulk, making him likeable to readers. Although devoid of cruel intentions, Lennie's stupidity and carelessness cause him to unwittingly harm animals and people, which creates trouble for both him and George. Lennie is tirelessly devoted to George and delights in hearing him tell of the dream of having a farm, but he does not desire the dream of the American worker in the same way that George does. His understanding of George's dream is more childish and he grows excited at the possibility of tending the future rabbits, most likely because it will afford him a chance to pet their soft hides as much as he wishes. Nevertheless, a dream is a dream, different for everyone, and George and Lennie share the similar attribute of desiring what they haven't got. Lennie, however, is helpless to attain his dream, and remains a static character throughout, relying on George to fuel is hope and save him from trouble.\nCandy: The old, one-handed swamper who is the first to befriend George and Lennie at Soledad. Humble and weary, Candy seems to be at the end of his line after Carlson shoots his last possession and companion, his old, blind dog. \"When they can me here I wisht somebody'd shoot me\" (66), Candy confesses to George and Lennie, hoping for a similar fate as his dog. But when he overhears the two talking of their little place, Candy offers all his money and his meager services to be in on the dream. His substantial sum of money and the fact that he knows of a place make it impossible for George to refuse him. Candy clings to this hope of a future as a drowning man would to a piece of driftwood. It rekindles life within him, but it also becomes an obsession, and in his excitement and indignation, he lets the secret slip to both Crooks and Curley's wife. And when Lennie kills Curley's wife and shatters the reality of the dream, Candy becomes hopeless and full of anguish, the broken shell of a man.\nCurley: The boxer, the son of the boss, the angry and hot-headed obstacle to George's attempt to keep Lennie out of trouble at Soledad. Insecure of his size and over-protective of his wife, Curley is eager to fight anyone he perceives as a threat to his self-image. From the outset, Lennie unwittingly incurs Curley's antagonism simply because of his size, and the reader immediately braces for future confrontation. Curley remains undeveloped, forever little and forever mean, poking his head in at various points in the novel, either to look for his wife or to stir up trouble on account of her.\nCurley's Wife: Nameless and flirtatious, Curley's wife is perceived by Candy to be the cause of all that goes wrong at Soledad: \"Ever'body knowed you'd mess things up. You wasn't no good\" (104-105), he says to her dead body in his grief. The workers, George included, see her as having \"the eye\" for every guy on the ranch, and they cite this as the reason for Curley's insecurity and hot-headed temperament. But Curley's wife adds complexity to her own characterization, confessing to Lennie that she dislikes Curley because he is angry all the time and saying that she comes around because she is lonely and just wants someone with whom to talk. Like George and Lennie, she once had a dream of becoming an actress and living in Hollywood, but it went unrealized, leaving her full of self-pity, married to an angry man, living on a ranch without friends, and viewed as a trouble-maker by everyone.\nCrooks: Called such because of a crooked spine, Steinbeck does not develop Crooks, the Negro stable buck, until the fourth chapter, describing him as a \"proud, aloof man. He kept his distance and demanded that other people keep theirs\" (74). Crooks is bitter, indignant, angry, and ultimately frustrated by his helplessness as a black man in a racist culture. Wise and observant, Crooks listens to Lennie's talk of the dream of the farm with cynicism. Although tempted by Candy, Lennie, and George's plan to buy their own place, Crooks is constantly reminded (in this case by Curley's wife) that he is inferior to whites and, out of pride, he refuses to take part in their future farm.\nSlim: The tall, jerkline skinner whom Steinbeck describes as something of a living legend: \"he moved with a majesty only achieved by royalty and master craftsmen. He was a jerkline skinner, the prince of the ranch, capable of driving ten, sixteen, even twenty mules with a single line to the leaders. He was capable of killing a fly on the wheeler's butt with a bull whip without touching the mule. There was gravity in his manner and a quiet so profound that all talk stopped when he spoke. . . His hatchet face was ageless. He might have been thirty-fice or fifty. HIs ear heard more than was said to him, and his slow speech had overtones not of thought, but of understanding beyond thought\" (37). Slim lingers in the shadow of his overwhelming description throughout the novel. He serves as the fearless, decision-maker when conflicts arise among the workers and wins the confidence of George, offering advice, comfort, and quiet words of wisdom.", "label": "No"} {"text": "On 22 September 2017, the IceCube neutrino telescope detected a high-energy neutrino of about 290 TeV passing through the deep South Pole ice. When a series of gamma-ray telescopes looked at the same location in the sky they identified a blazar, TXS 0506+056, which happened to be flaring at that moment. In addition, IceCube found an excess of high-energy neutrino events with respect to atmospheric backgrounds at that location between September 2014 and March 2015. Details of the IceCube results can be found at their website.\nThe ANTARES neutrino telescope in the deep Mediterranean Sea followed up the initial IceCube real-time alert, but no time coincident events were found. However, a time integrated search during the period 2007-2017, did yield a small excess of neutrinos in that direction. Have a look at their website for details.\nThe first identification of an astrophysical source of high-energy neutrinos represents an important step forward for the fledgling field of multi-messenger astronomy. With its unprecedented angular resolution and complementary field of view, KM3NeT looks forward to soon joining IceCube and ANTARES in the hunt for the enigmatic sources of cosmic neutrinos. Exciting times are ahead of us!\nImage: A blazar emitting neutrinos and gamma rays, Credit: IceCube/NASA\nIn this artistic rendering, a blazar is accelerating protons that produce pions, which produce neutrinos and gamma rays. Neutrinos are always the result of a hadronic reaction such as the one displayed here. Gamma rays can be produced in both hadronic and electromagnetic interactions.", "label": "No"} {"text": "FUNDAMENTALS OF THE DIESEL CYCLE\nDiesel Engine Fundamentals\nTo convert the chemical energy of the fuel into useful mechanical energy all internal combustion\nengines must go through four events: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. How these\nevents are timed and how they occur differentiates the various types of engines.\nAll diesel engines fall into one of two categories, two-stroke or four-stroke cycle engines. The\nword cycle refers to any operation or series of events that repeats itself. In the case of a four-\nstroke cycle engine, the engine requires four strokes of the piston (intake, compression, power,\nand exhaust) to complete one full cycle. Therefore, it requires two rotations of the crankshaft,\nor 720 of crankshaft rotation (360 x 2) to complete one cycle. In a two-stroke cycle engine\nthe events (intake, compression, power, and exhaust) occur in only one rotation of the crankshaft,\nIn the following discussion of the diesel cycle it is important to keep in mind the time\nframe in which each of the actions is required to occur. Time is required to move exhaust\ngas out of the cylinder and fresh air in to the cylinders, to compress the air, to inject fuel,\nand to burn the fuel. If a four-stroke diesel engine is running at a constant 2100\nrevolutions per minute (rpm), the crankshaft would be rotating at 35 revolutions, or\n12,600 degrees, per second. One stroke is completed in about 0.01429 seconds.\nThe Four-Stoke Cycle\nIn a four-stroke engine the camshaft is geared so that it rotates at half the speed of the crankshaft\nFigure 16 Scavenging and Intake\n(1:2). This means that the crankshaft must make two complete revolutions before the camshaft\nwill complete one revolution. The following section will describe a four-stroke, normally\naspirated, diesel engine having both intake and exhaust valves\nwith a 3.5-inch bore and 4-inch stroke with a 16:1 compression\nratio, as it passes through one complete cycle. We will start on\nthe intake stroke. All the timing marks given are generic and\nwill vary from engine to engine. Refer to Figures 10, 16, and 17\nduring the following discussion.\nAs the piston moves upward and approaches 28 before\ntop dead center (BTDC), as measured by crankshaft\nrotation, the camshaft lobe starts to lift the cam follower.\nThis causes the pushrod to move upward and pivots the\nrocker arm on the rocker arm shaft. As the valve lash is\ntaken up, the rocker arm pushes the intake valve\ndownward and the valve starts to open. The intake\nstroke now starts while the exhaust valve is still open.\nThe flow of the exhaust gasses will have created a low", "label": "No"} {"text": "Celebrate Black History Month in Virginia's Blue Ridge Mountains, where there are many unique experiences that highlight our African American heritage.\nThese Roanoke Valley sites each offer a different glimpse into our history and provide a powerful connection to the past for visitors of all ages.\nDid you know this region was the birthplace of one of the nation's most influential African American leaders?\nBooker T. Washington was born in Franklin County near Smith Mountain Lake in 1856 and lived as a slave on James Burrough's plantation until the age of 9, when he was freed by the Emancipation Proclamation.\nThe Booker T. Washington National Monument stands today on the 207-acre farm where Washington was born and serves as a place where visitors can learn and reflect on his life, as well as this time in American history. The monument features historic walking trails, as well as farm and garden areas with exhibits showcasing farm operations.\nIt's open daily from 9am - 5pm and admission is free.\nThe Harrison Museum of African American Culture is one of four museums located in Center in the Square in Downtown Roanoke.\nThe museum highlights the art and history of African Americans in Virginia's Blue Ridge with various memorabilia, photographs, oral stories, and other exhibits that make up its personal collection.\nThe museum is currently displaying Tobacco People: Africa and The Americas, a special exhibit by Sarah Hazelgrove that focuses on the role Africans and people of African descent have played in the commercial production of tobacco throughout the past 400 years. The exhibit will be on display at the museum through March 30, 2016.\nThis self-guided walking tour through the historic Gainsboro neighborhood of Roanoke is an impactful way to learn about the vibrant center of African American culture during the time of segregation in the City of Roanoke.\nThis tour includes stops at historic structures such as the former Hotel Dumas on Henry Street, where legendary jazz musicians like Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, and Roanoke’s own piano legend Don Pullen were known to have legendary jam sessions. You'll also see the Martin Luther King statue, placed at the foot of the former Henry Street Bridge. Historically, the bridge separated Roanoke’s black and white neighborhoods and has since been renamed the Martin Luther King Jr. Bridge.\nThe tour eventually leads you to the Gainsboro Library. Built on land donated by the nearby St. Andrew's Catholic Church, the creation of the Gainsboro Library can largely be attributed to the determination of Virginia Lee, who requested the land donation from St. Andrew’s presiding priest. The priest submitted the official request to Rome and the donation received the approval of Pope Pius XII. Ms. Lee went on to serve as the librarian for 43 years.\nLearn more and download the PDF version of this tour to experience it during your time in Downtown Roanoke.\nThe Virginia Museum of Transportation in Downtown Roanoke features the African-American Heritage on the Norfolk & Western, 1930-1970 exhibit. The exhibit and its powerful video featuring oral histories from former African-American railroad workers has been described by William L. Wutuhn, a Smithsonian curator, as \"the best exhibit on African Americans on our U.S. railroads that I have seen anywhere.\"\nThe exhibit highlights the impact African Americans had on the railroad during a time in which there were massive changes regarding working conditions and civil rights for people of color.\nPlan Your Visit to Virginia's Blue Ridge!\nWhile February is a great time to visit, learning about the rich African American history in Virginia’s Blue Ridge can be a year-round experience.\nStart planning your trip to Virginia's Blue Ridge Mountains today and subscribe to our monthly e-newsletter to keep up with exciting new features and upcoming events!", "label": "No"} {"text": "December 9, 2013\nConcord, NH - The New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Division of Public Health Services (DPHS) recognizes National Influenza Immunization Week, December 8-14, 2013, to highlight the importance of getting vaccinated against seasonal flu. The Immunization Program in DPHS wants to take this opportunity to remind everyone of the importance of vaccination against seasonal influenza.\nThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that yearly flu vaccination begins as soon as flu vaccine becomes available. By getting vaccinated now before getting together with family and friends for the holidays will help protect the ones you care about.\nInfluenza is a highly contagious respiratory illness that can result in severe illness, hospitalization, or even death for some patients. Typical symptoms include cough, muscle aches, fever, runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, and fatigue. Certain populations are at greater risk of complications from the flu and should be sure to receive the vaccine every year.\n“In recent years DPHS and the Immunization Program have been working with local partners to host school-based clinics in their districts,” said Dr. José Montero, Director of Public Health at DHHS. “Since September, 92 school-based clinics have been held and it is expected that approximately 5,500 students will be immunized this influenza season at their schools. I want to thank and commend all the people in the towns and at the schools who worked so hard to make this happen.”\n“If you won’t get vaccinated for yourself,” continued Montero, “do it for the ones you love and care for. Remember too, that all routinely recommended vaccines for children in New Hampshire are available at no cost to parents. Contact your healthcare provider for more information.”\nIn the 2012-2013 flu season, 48.9% of people who were eligible received a flu vaccine in New Hampshire. As long as flu viruses are still circulating, it is not too late to be vaccinated. Flu season has just begun and generally runs until May. There are plenty of doses of flu vaccine available in New Hampshire and it is recommended for everyone who is at least 6 months of age.\nFlu vaccines are offered in many locations, including doctor’s offices, clinics, retail stores and pharmacies, and health care centers, as well as employers and some schools. To find a clinic near you visit http://flushot.healthmap.org/. To learn more about National Influenza Vaccination Week visit http://www.cdc.gov/flu/nivw/. To find out more about the NH Immunization Program go to http://www.dhhs.nh.gov/dphs/immunization/index.htm.", "label": "No"} {"text": "Although the theory of centrifugal pumps gives many qualitative results, the most important indicator of a pump’s performance lies in extensive hydraulic testing.\nIn industry, the characteristics of all pumps are usually read from their Q-H curve or performance curve (flow rate – height). As can be seen, the performance charts use a discharge – Q (usually in m3/h) and pump head – H (usually in m) as basic performance variables.\nIn the chapter on head loss, it was determined that both major losses and minor losses in piping systems are proportional to the square of the flow velocity. The system head loss must be directly proportional to the square of the volumetric flow rate because the volumetric flow rate is directly proportional to the flow velocity.\nIt must be added that the open hydraulic systems contain not only the friction head but also the elevation head, which must be considered. The elevation head (static head) represents the potential energy of a fluid due to its elevation above a reference level.\nMost of the hydraulic systems are closed hydraulic loops in nuclear engineering, and these systems only have friction head (no static head).\nPump Head – Performance Curve\nIn fluid dynamics, the term pump head is used to measure the kinetic energy which a pump creates. Head is a measurement of the height of the incompressible fluid column the pump could create from the kinetic energy that the pump gives to the liquid. The head and flow rate determine the performance of a pump, which is graphically shown in the figure as the performance curve or pump characteristic curve. The main reason for using head instead of pressure to determine the performance of a centrifugal pump is that the height of the fluid column is not dependent on the specific gravity (weight) of the liquid. In contrast, the pressure from a pump will change. In terms of pressure, the pump head (ΔPpump) is the difference between system backpressure and the pump’s inlet pressure.\nThe maximum pump head of a centrifugal pump is mainly determined by the outside diameter of the pump’s impeller and the shaft angular velocity – speed of the rotating shaft. The head will also change as the volumetric flow rate through the pump is increased.\nWhen a centrifugal pump is operating at a constant angular velocity, an increase in the system head (back pressure) on the flowing stream causes a reduction in the volumetric flow rate that the centrifugal pump can maintain.\nThe relationship between the pump head and the volumetric flow rate (Q) that a centrifugal pump can maintain is dependent on various physical characteristics of the pump as:\n- the power supplied to the pump\n- the angular velocity of the shaft\n- the type and diameter of the impeller\nand the used fluid:\n- fluid density\n- fluid viscosity\nThis relationship is very complicated, and its analysis lies in extensive hydraulic testing of certain centrifugal pumps, as seen in the picture below.\nOperating Characteristics of a Hydraulic Loop\nWhen we put together the frictional characteristics (system head) of a hydraulic loop and the performance curve, the result will describe the characteristics of the entire system (e.g.,, one loop of the primary circuit). The following figure shows a typical performance curve for a centrifugal pump related to the frictional system head.\nOn the vertical axis, the pump head is the difference between system backpressure and the pump’s inlet pressure (ΔPpump). On the horizontal axis, volumetric flow rate (Q ) is the fluid flow through the pump. As can be seen, the head is approximately constant at low discharge and then drops to zero at Qmax. At low discharge, the characteristics can be unstable (with a positive slope of the pump head). These are undesirable characteristics because an unstable pump may start to oscillate between the two possible combinations of flow rate, and the pipeline can vibrate.\nAt flow rate Q1, the pump gains more head than consumes the frictional losses. Therefore the flow rate through the system will increase. The flow rate will stabilize itself at the point where the frictional losses intersect the pump characteristics.\nThe following terms are defined to characterize the performance of centrifugal pumps:\n- Shut-off Head\n- Pump Efficiency\n- Best Efficiency Point – BEP\n- Brake Horsepower\n- Net Positive Suction Head\nExample: Pump Performance Calculation\n- the design discharge\n- water horsepower\n- the pump head\nof a centrifugal pump. This performance data will be derived from the Euler’s turbomachine equation:\nShaft torque: Tshaft = ρQ(r2Vt2 – r1Vt1)\nWater horsepower: Pw = ω . Tshaft = ρQ(u2Vt2 – u1Vt1)\nPump head: H = Pw / ρgQ = (u2Vt2 – u1Vt1)/g\nGiven are the following data for a centrifugal water pump:\n- diameters of the impeller at the inlet and outlet\n- r1 = 10 cm\n- r2 = 20 cm\n- Speed = 1500 rpm (revolutions per minute)\n- the blade angle at inlet β1 = 30°\n- the blade angle at outlet β2 = 20°\n- assume that the blade widths at inlet and outlet are: b1 = b2 = 4 cm.\nFirst, we have to calculate the radial velocity of the flow at the outlet. From the velocity diagram, the radial velocity is equal to (we assume that the flow enters exactly normal to the impeller, so tangential component of velocity is zero):\nVr1 = u1 tan 30° = ω r1 tan 30° = 2π x (1500/60) x 0.1 x tan 30° = 9.1 m/s\nThe radial component of flow velocity determines how much the volume flow rate is entering the impeller. So when we know Vr1 at the inlet, we can determine the discharge of this pump according to the following equation. Here b1 means the blade width of the impeller at the inlet.\nQ = 2π.r1.b1.Vr1 = 2π x 0.1 x 0.04 x 9.1 = 0.229 m3/s\nIn order to calculate the water horsepower (Pw) required, we have to determine the outlet tangential flow velocity Vt2, because it has been assumed that the inlet tangential velocity Vt1 is equal to zero.\nThe outlet radial flow velocity follows from conservation of Q:\nQ = 2π.r2.b2.Vr2 ⇒ Vr2 = Q / 2π.r2.b2 = 0.229 / (2π x 0.2 x 0.04) = 4.56 m/s\nFrom the figure (velocity triangle) outlet blade angle, β2, can be easily represented as follows.\ncot β2 = (u2 – Vt2) / Vr2\nand therefore the outlet tangential flow velocity Vt2 is:\nVt2 = u2 – Vr2 . cot 20° = ω r2 – Vr2 . cot 20° = 2π x 1500/60 x 0.2 – 4.56 x 2.75 = 31.4 – 12.5 = 18.9 m/s.\nThe water horsepower required is then:\nPw = ρ Q u2 Vt2 = 1000 [kg/m3] x 0.229 [m3/s] x 31.4 [m/s] x 18.9 [m/s] = 135900 W = 135.6 kW\nand the pump head is:\nH ≈ Pw / (ρ g Q) = 135900 / (1000 x 9.81 x 0.229) = 60.5 m", "label": "No"} {"text": "This Week in Texas History: A column\nby BARTEE HAILE\nGravely wounded in a Christmas Eve duel at Gonzales, Reuben Ross waited until Dec. 25, 1839 to die.\nThe deadly dispute began two months earlier, when Ross challenged Henry McCulloch, brother of the famous Ben, to a duel on behalf of an offended friend. Angered by McCulloch’s refusal to fight, the messenger became the antagonist and hounded the reluctant duelist until he finally agreed to meet him on the field of honor.\nRoss “won” the chivalrous combat by wounding McCulloch in the right arm. That should have ended the affair, but the victor would accept nothing less than the death of his opponent. Ross was “intoxicated and obnoxious,” according to the Handbook of Texas, when he “drew his pistols” leaving a sober McCulloch with no choice other than to kill him.\nAlthough the dueling ritual was brought to Texas in the 1820’s by southern expatriates, formal face-offs rarely occurred before the Revolution. The most famous duel of that day involved representatives of two prestigious families.\nAt a well attended dinner in 1834, William H. Wharton’s brother John made a spiteful toast. “The Austins,” he snarled. “May their bones burn in hell.”\nWith Stephen F. Austin away on business, defense of the family name fell to William T. Austin, a distant but devoted relative. He unhesitantly dared Wharton to put up or shut up.\nThough admittedly unfamiliar with firearms, the lesser known Austin must have been a quick learner with his life on the line. In the memorable encounter, he settled the matter by putting a lead ball through William Wharton’s right arm.\nIdle recruits in the Texas Army took to battling each other after the victory at San Jacinto. Petty squabbles often erupted into ceremonial confrontations.\nAt Galveston two captains fought over beef allotments for their hungry companies. One got a bullet in the head and the other the best cuts. A horse provoked a clash between a pair of majors, and again only one party survived.\nSometimes the contest ended in a dead heat, as in the case of two heroes of the Texas Revolution. Infuriated by the failure of W.D. Redd to stand up to a Comanche band menacing San Antonio, Lysander Wells called his old comrade a coward.\nIn a lethal exchange the following day, Redd perished on the spot but not before wounding his adversary. After lingering at death’s door for three weeks, Wells too passed away.\nDuring his time in Tennessee, Sam Houston fought his one and only duel. The expert coaching of Andrew Jackson, who had killed a man a generation before in a similar setting, enabled him to walk away the unscathed winner.\nAs president of the Lone Star Republic, Houston needed a cooler head. Mirabeau Lamar, David G. Burnet and Commodore Edwin Moore of the Texas Navy were but a few political foes who tried to goad him into a sunrise shoot-out.\nHouston took it all in stride and with a sense of humor. One handwritten challenge was forwarded to his secretary with the wry notation, “This is number twenty-four. The angry gentleman must wait his turn.”\nDr. Chauncey Goodrich awoke on Jun. 24, 1837 to discover that his life savings, a crisp thousand-dollar bill, had disappeared during the night. There was no shortage of suspects in the crowded Houston hotel room, but the outraged physician selected the least likely culprit — Levi Laurens.\nStung by the insulting accusation, Laurens insisted upon an apology. Goodrich refused and shredded the timid government employee with a vicious tongue lashing. Under the humiliating circumstances, Laurens felt duty bound to demand satisfaction.\nThe doctor eagerly accepted the challenge, pleased that the choice of weapons was his. Rifles at 20 yards and the sooner the better. The two warriors agreed to meet at dawn.\nAlarmed by rumors of Goodrich’s dueling prowess, friends pleaded with Laurens to break the dreadful date. But he feared public ridicule more than an early grave and kept the appointment.\nThe dispute was decided in the warm morning mist according to the age-old code. Before he could squeeze off a shot, the nervous novice dropped to the ground with wounds in both thighs. Two pain-wracked days later, Levi Laurens died.\nThe identity of the true thief was uncovered after the funeral. He was none other than the dead man’s closest friend, who had acted as his second on that fateful morning.\nPosthumous regrets from Dr. Goodrich did not bring his pitiful victim back to life or appease the wrath of an eloquent Houston editor. In The Telegraph and Texas Register, Dr. Francis Moore condemned dueling as “one of the most fiendish, foulest practices that ever disgraced a civilized society.” The death of Levi Laurens inspired the newspaperman’s successful one-man crusade to stamp out “affairs of honor” in Texas.", "label": "No"} {"text": "- PREDICT expression OUT=SAS-data-set