The Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM) visited Dounreay, Britain’s former centre of nuclear fast reactor research and development. Members received a number of presentations on progress being made to decommission the site and in particular the proposals for recovering and treatment of the radioactive waste around the Shaft and Silo. They also took the opportunity to revisit the Dounreay Cementation Plant, the Intermediate Level Waste stores, and the Low Level Waste disposal facility operating successfully since its opening in 2016. Sir Nigel Thrift, Chair to the CoRWM commented on “the impressive levels of commitment and professionalism of the whole team at Dounreay” adding “how useful the visits are in understanding the practical delivery of a highly complex programme of decommissioning”.
CoRWM 11th Sept 2019 read more »


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Published on Mar 10, 2014
Three years after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear catastrophe, the Japanese government insists everything is under control. But the real story is very different. In February, visitors from all over the world came to Japan with Greenpeace to bear witness to Fukushima and its forgotten victims.


Kagoshima, May 20 (Jiji Press)–Kyushu Electric Power Co. <9508> suspended Wednesday another reactor at its Sendai nuclear plant in Kagoshima Prefecture, southwestern Japan, due to a delay in the construction of antiterror facilities.
The suspension of the plant’s No. 2 reactor in the city of Satsumasendai came after its No. 1 reactor halted operations in March for the same reason.
The No. 2 reactor started lowering its power output around 2:30 a.m. (5:30 p.m. Tuesday GMT) and halted electricity generation around 9 a.m., according to the company. It was shut down around 12:50 p.m.
The reactor will undergo routine inspections and is expected to resume power generation on Jan. 26 next year.
During the suspension, the company aims to complete the construction of antiterror facilities, including an emergency control room.
Both reactors were last shut at the same time in April-June 2018 due to inspections.
The suspension of the two reactors is estimated to push up Kyushu Electric’s fuel costs for power generation by some 25 billion yen. But the company said it has no plans at the moment to raise its electricity rates.


- Special Sections
- Public Notices
Los Alamos National Security, LLC (LANS) the prime contractor operating Los Alamos National Laboratory awarded three subcontracts to perform Formality of Operations Technical Services at the laboratory last week.
These subcontracts will continue important ongoing work to insure operational readiness, and compliance with Department of Energy (DOE) directives and the Defense Nuclear Facilities Board (DNFSB) initiatives and recommendations.
The Formality of Operations Program includes processes to maintain and improve best-practices in areas such as Conduct of Operations, Conduct of Engineering, Conduct of Maintenance, Conduct of Training, and implementation of the Safety Basis and Readiness Programs across LANL.
These new subcontracts will consolidate and transition work currently being performed my numerous companies including Edgewater Technical Associates, LLC, based in Los Alamos.
Awards were made to Edgewater, GEM-Excel, LLC, and Navarro Research and Engineering, Inc. Navarro is based in Oak Ridge, while GEM-Excel is in Santa Fe. Edgewater will be supported by its teaming partner URS Corporation.


(StuffsEarth) -The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) said on Wednesday it would loan Holtec International $1.52 billion to help restart an 800MW nuclear power plant in Michigan that was shut down in 2022, potentially making it the first nuclear plant to be recommissioned in the United States.
The conditional loan by the Energy Department’s loan program office was authorized through passage of the Inflation Reduction Act in 2022. The loan is dependent on Holtec meeting several technical, legal, environmental, and financial conditions, according to the DOE loan office.
The Biden administration has said that nuclear energy will play a key role in decarbonizing the country’s power grid by 2035 and the entire economy by 2050.
The re-started Palisades plant would avoid 4.47 million tonnes of CO2 emissions annually for a total of 111 million tonnes of CO2 emissions during its projected 25 years of operation.
Florida-based Holtec said the plant would employ more than 600 workers, with about 45% of the workforce at the site coming from union labor once it’s restarted.
The company also plans to build what will be its first two small modular reactor (SMR) units at the site, which will not be part of the project that is eligible for the loan.
NuScale’s SMR technology is the only one to have received design certification from the U.S. nuclear power regulator last year. But the company has faced cost and subscription issues and had to shelve one of its SMR projects.
Holtec originally bought Palisades in 2022 from Entergy (NYSE:) to decommission the plant as it struggled to compete with natural gas-fired plants and renewable energy, but started looking into reopening the shut reactor.
The company has also already signed long-term Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) with electric co-ops Wolverine Power Cooperative and Hoosier Energy in Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana.
Holtec is pursuing a reauthorization of the Palisades operating license with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
StuffsEarth in January reported that the company was in talks for the loan from the DOE for the plant.


Better Los Alamos monitoring urgedMarch 4, 2006 in /
A geologist says new monitoring wells and an independent company should monitor the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico for contamination.
Bob Gilkeson told the Concerned Citizens for Nuclear Safety Thursday that 14 of the lab's 33 wells can't properly detect pollution because they had not been installed properly and had drilling additives like bentonite clay, which can conceal contamination, the Santa Fe New Mexican reported Friday.
"The specter of problems with this work over the last 10 years is very large," Gilkeson said.
Los Alamos Lab spokeswoman Kathy DeLucas said the lab has been cooperating with the state Environment Department, the public and the National Nuclear Security Administration "to characterize the groundwater and develop a path forward" for the wells.
"We've been listening to their concerns about the validity of the data, and we are developing a comprehensive and aggressive plan to review the data and address the concerns in a well-rehabilitation effort," she said.
Copyright 2006 by United Press International
"Better Los Alamos monitoring urged" March 4, 2006 https://phys.org/news/2006-03-los-alamos-urged.html


Dawn James, currently Vice President for Amec Foster Wheeler’s Clean Energy business, has come a long way since beginning her career as an apprentice with Williams Fairey Engineering.
My apprenticeship in mechanical engineering led me to joining PWR Power Projects, where I progressed into a Responsible Engineer role working on the construction of Sizewell B. I moved to WasteChem (now Nuvia), working on the project management of decommissioning projects at Dounreay, Sellafield and Sizewell A.
For the past 17 years I’ve worked for Amec Foster Wheeler (formerly NNC and AMEC), where I have led businesses involved in both decommissioning and nuclear operations. During this time I completed a two and a half year secondment into the Nuclear Management Partners PBO at Sellafield as the Engineering Director.
I’m currently Vice President for Clean Energy’s New Nuclear and Generation Services business and am responsible for over 500 engineers, scientists, consultants, safety case specialists and project managers supporting the civil nuclear sector and new nuclear developers and investors in UK, France Romania and South Africa’s civil nuclear power and defence industries.
My experience of leadership roles in both customer and contractor organisations means I have a comprehensive understanding of both the opportunities and challenges facing the nuclear industry.
This is such an exciting sector to work in and I would strongly encourage students considering an apprenticeship in engineering to consider the nuclear sector.


RADIOACTIVE gases that could have come from North Korea’s nuclear test in February have unexpectedly been detected, possibly providing the first “smoking gun” evidence of the explosion.
However, the 9 April measurement by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation (CTBTO) – almost two months after Pyongyang said it had carried out the underground detonation – has given no indication of whether plutonium or highly-enriched uranium was used.
The time that had passed before the so-called Noble gases were picked up made it “very difficult” to distinguish between the two fissile materials, said CTBTO spokeswoman Annika Thunborg.
The isolated east Asian state is believed to have tested plutonium bombs in 2006 and 2009. Any switch to uranium would increase international alarm as it could enable Pyongyang to greatly expand its arsenal.
Pyongyang’s third nuclear test was registered virtually instantaneously via seismic signals around the world, but no radioactive traces that would have constituted conclusive proof were found in the weeks afterwards.
The Vienna-based CTBTO, which has a worldwide network of monitoring stations, said in mid-March that it was highly unlikely any such radioactivity would be detected.
However, yesterday’s statement said it made a significant detection of radioactive Noble gases two weeks ago in Takasaki, Japan, about 620 miles from the test site. Lower levels were picked up at another station, in Ussuriysk, Russia.
“Detection of radioactive noble gas more than seven weeks after an event is indeed unusual. We did not expect this and it did not happen in 2009,” the CTBTO said, referring to the reclusive country’s previous nuclear test.
Large amounts of xenon gases are produced in fission, a nuclear reaction occurring both in nuclear arms and reactors.
“We are confident that the (North Korean) test site is among the possible source regions,” the CTBTO said. But it could still not “exclude completely” that the radioactive traces came from somewhere else.
North Korea abandoned plutonium production six years ago in response to international pressure, but later acknowledged that it had built facilities to produce enriched uranium, which can also be used in bombs if refined to a high degree.
Experts say plutonium, a byproduct of nuclear reactors, can be difficult to use as bomb material because specifications have to be precise. It could be easy for North Korea to make large quantities of highly enriched uranium.


BEXCO - Room F(201/202/203/204)
[NU126] Calibration and monitoring units of the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope
The Baikal-GVD is a cubic kilometer scale neutrino telescope which is deployed in Lake Baikal, that will perform neutrino astronomy studies. It consists of sub-arrays - clusters of about 300 optical modules each, that detect the Cherenkov light radiated by charged particles induced by a neutrino interactions with the surrounding medium. The performance of the neutrino telescope relies on the precise timing and positioning calibration of the detector elements, continuous control and monitoring of a behavior of measuring systems, as well as environmental conditions which may affect light detection and event selection. This contribution describes the units which are used in GVD for calibration and monitoring purposes.


Atomic Energy Commission endorses 123 agreement
New Delhi, July 27 (UNI) The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) today endorsed the 123 agreement reached in Washington last week to operationalise the India-US nuclear deal.
The endorsement was given at the special meeting of the AEC, attended by its Chairman Anil Kakodkar, AEC sources said.
Certain nuances of the agreement pertaining to reprocessing of spent fuel and perennial supply of fuel to atomic reactors to be set up under the nuclear deal were discussed in detail.
The agreement was discussed threadbare, the sources said.
The AEC meeting was also attended by other members including National Security Advisor M K Narayanan, Cabinet Secretary K M Chanrasekhar and noted scientists C N R Rao and BARC Director S Banerjee.


01/31/2006: How do we know Iran has a nuclear program? Well, we looked at the receipts....
[Apologies to a stand-up comic (I think) whose name is escaping my rapidly failing memory. Incipient senility is a bitch sometimes.]
Via Polar Donkey we get a pointer a most excellent guest editorial at Informed Comment: Beeman Guest Editorial: US to Blame for Iranian Nuclear Program Go read it, but the bottom line is: if Iran has a nuclear program, it's because we set it up for them (granted, that was before the ayatollahs took over, back when our puppet was sitting his fat ass on the Peacock Throne). The same way we know that Saddam Hussein once had chemical weapons--because we sold them to him.
Professor Beeman also makes the point that the Iranian nuclear facilities aren't optimal for the production of nuclear weapons, unlike the nuclear facilities of a certain ally of ours:
As the late Tom Stauffer and I wrote in June, 2003, the Bushire (Bushehr) reactor--a "light water" reactor--does not produce weapons grade Plutonium. It produces Pu 240, Pu241 and Pu242. Although these isotopes could theoretically be weaponized, the process is extremely long and complicated, and also untried. To date no nuclear weapon has ever been produced with plutonium produced with the kind of reactor at Bushire. Moreover, the plant would have to be completely shut down to extract the fuel rods, making the process immediately open to detection and inspection. (The plant IS shut down to change the fuel rods, but only every 30-40 months to provide longer and better energy generation)A fascinating read; go check it out.
By contract, the Dimona reactor in Israel--a "heavy water" reactor--is an example of a reactor that is ideal for producing weapons fuel. It produces Pu239 and the fuel rods can be extracted "on the fly." without any need to shut down the plant or alter its operation. The fuel rods are exchanged every few weeks.
Len on 01.31.06 @ 11:44 AM CST


Negotiations to amend the Agreement for Cooperation between the Korean and U.S. Governments concerning the Civil Use of Atomic Energy are about to be wrapped up in four years and five months. Secretary of State John Kerry and Foreign Affairs Minister Yoon Byeong-se had a meeting in Munich, Germany on Feb. 7 (local time) to promise to finish the talks within weeks.
However, the Korean government is unlikely to win comprehensive prior consent regarding the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, which is a key part of the agreement, due to Washington’s non-proliferation policy. In contrast, Japan can conduct the reprocessing on its own determination, and is currently running facilities for the purpose.
The new agreement is expected to include stipulations regarding uranium enrichment. This means the matter is to be handled during the negotiations to be regulated by Washington. Still, it is said that the Korean government has succeeded in winning the rights to carry out R&D with regard to spent nuclear fuel storage and the like on the condition that concerns over proliferation are absent. In this case, basic research activities as to the transport and storage of spent nuclear fuel and those for steps prior to the pyro processing stage can be carried out independently.
In addition, the new agreement is expected to cover guarantees for the stable supply of nuclear fuel even in the event of emergency, establishment of bilateral cooperation channels for greater nuclear power plant exports, and improvement of transfer of sensitive atomic power station facilities.
The current agreement expires in March next year and the talks for the new agreement are expected to wrap up next month ahead of the ratification by the U.S. Congress. The new agreement is slated to be valid for 30 years, according to U.S. custom.


Quenching of the sensitivity of dosimeters with the increase of the radiation LET.
Gambarini G., Ciocca M.
Radiotherapies that exploit the high linear energy transfer (LET) related to charged particles, are receiving increasing interest. Hadrontherapy currently uses protons or carbon ions and BNCT exploits the alpha particles generated by thermal neutron reactions with the B-10 isotope. Worldwide, adequate dosimetric methods are therefore in development to achieve a good quality of the treatments. A limit to the possible dose accuracy in measurements with non-gaseous detectors is determined by the fact that their sensitivity depends on the radiation LET: as the LET increases, the sensitivity of the dosimeters decreases. This means that dosimeters underestimate just the absorbed energy that has a greater biological effectiveness. Given the importance of correcting experimental results for the quenching effect, many researchers have challenged this problem, which is difficult to investigate because the radiation effects are manifold and dissimilar in the various detector materials. The problems are more complex in hadrontherapy and easier to be solved in BNCT. For both therapies, methodological proposals and experimental verifications were carried out in our laboratory.


We are so excited to announce the official launch of Dr. LeRoy Moore's new book, "Plutonium & People Don't Mix: Rocky Flats" at the April Rocky Flats Right to Know meeting.
Join us for a special evening with Dr. Moore! During the meeting Dr. Moore will read excerpts from the book, discuss current issues at Rocky Flats, and welcome questions. The meeting will be followed by a book signing. Books will be for sale at the meeting (price to be determined soon). All proceeds will go to the Rocky Mountain Peace and Justice Center.
About the book:
Summary coming soon.
About the author:
A former academic, writer, devotee of nonviolence, and co-founder of the Rocky Mountain Peace and Justice Center, LeRoy Moore, PhD, worked successfully with others to end production at the Rocky Flats nuclear bomb factory near Denver, then sought the best possible cleanup of the plant’s highly contaminated site, only to be disappointed when the government agencies approved a cheaper, less responsible outcome. He served on various oversight bodies related to Rocky Flats and for several years was a member of two committees of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. He seeks the implementation of Nuclear Guardianship at Rocky Flats. From 1980 until he retired in 1996, he taught courses on nonviolent social change at the University of Colorado. A father and a grandfather, he resides in Boulder.
LeRoy's blog: https://leroymoore.wordpress.com/
Rocky Flats Right to Know is an organization devoted to educating the public about Rocky Flats. The group holds meetings on the 4th Wednesday of each month. Follow Rocky Flats Right to Know on Facebook for upcoming meetings.


TOP 10 RIGHT NOW
Read it at The New York Times
Highly radioactive water is leaking directly into the Pacific Ocean from an eight-inch crack in a pit full of contaminated water at Japan's damaged nuclear plant. The air directly above the water registered 1,000 millisieverts an hour. The director of Japan's nuclear safety agency also says higher than normal levels of radiation have been detected 25 miles south of the Fukushima plant, much farther than previously reported. Workers will try to patch the crack with concrete, but it is still unclear where the radioactive water in the pit came from.


Health and Safety Considerations Associated with Sodium-Cooled Experimental Nuclear Fuel Dismantlement
Between the mid-1970s and the mid-1980s Sandia National Laboratory constructed eleven experimental assemblies to simulate debris beds formed in a sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor. All but one of the assemblies were irradiated. The experimental assemblies were transferred to the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in 2007 and 2008 for storage, dismantlement, recovery of the uranium for reuse in the nuclear fuel cycle, and disposal of unneeded materials. This paper addresses the effort to dismantle the assemblies down to the primary containment vessel and repackage them for temporary storage until such time as equipment necessary for sodium separation is in place.
- Publication Date:
- OSTI Identifier:
- Report Number(s):
- DOE Contract Number:
- Resource Type:
- Technical Report
- Research Org:
- Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
- Sponsoring Org:
- USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- 12 MGMT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES; dismantlement; experimental assembly; sodium
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In August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the first nuclear weapon, a uranium gun-type bomb (Little Boy), on Hiroshima, during the final stage of the Second World War.
The Boeing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay released the Little Boy at 08:15 which contained about 64 kg of Uranium-235 which exploded 2,000 feet above Hiroshima. The Aioi Bridge, which was the target was missed due to the crosswinds, by approximately 800 ft (240 m) and detonated directly over Shima Surgical Clinic at 34.39468°N 132.45462°E. Around 90,000 – 166,000 people were killed of the total population of approximately 340,000 – 350,000 in Hiroshima.
Hiroshima – Then and now images


Former U.S. Under Secretary of Defense Michèle Flournoy on Sunday said Russian forces were “extremely irresponsible” in the way they seized nuclear plants in Ukraine.
“My primary concern is the way they went about this, which was incredibly irresponsible, shelling a nuclear power plant,” Flournoy told co-anchor Jake TapperJacob (Jake) Paul TapperThe Hill’s 12:30 Report – Presented by Facebook – Biden announces Supreme Court pick amid unfolding Ukrainian crisis Biden names Ketanji Brown Jackson, DC appeals court judge, to Supreme Court Hogan ‘certainly going to take a look’ at 2024 presidential bid MORE on CNN’s “State of the Union” when asked about the incident.
“It was just by sheer luck that they didn’t actually breach the containment structure and create a radioactive release. So they’re being extremely irresponsible about this,” she added.
The former top defense official, who served for three years under the Obama administration, said Russian officials are trying to “take control of critical infrastructure, the energy, the gas for heating, water, food to, again, put the Ukrainian population under siege and try to break their will.”
Russia seized control of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear facility in Ukraine on Friday. A fire broke out at the facility’s training center. The International Atomic Energy Agency, a United Nations watchdog, however, said the blaze did not release any radiation into the air.
Days earlier, Moscow captured the Chernobyl site, the location of the deadly 1986 nuclear disaster.
A senior defense official told reporters on Friday that the U.S. is “deeply concerned” about Russia’s near-term “intentions” after Moscow’s forces seized the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant.
The U.S. Embassy in Ukraine said Russia’s attack on the plant was a “war crime.”
“It is a war crime to attack a nuclear power plant. Putin’s shelling of Europe’s largest nuclear plant takes his reign of terror one step further,” the embassy wrote on Twitter on Friday.
Russian forces are now reportedly closing in on another nuclear facility in Ukraine.
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations (U.N.) Linda Thomas-GreenfieldLinda Thomas-GreenfieldSunday shows preview: Russian invasion of Ukraine intensifies Russian forces closing in on another nuclear facility Energy & Environment — Russian takeover sparks nuclear jitters MORE told the U.N. Security Council that troops were inching closer to the Yuzhnoukrainsk nuclear plant, which is reportedly the second-largest such facility in the country.


Big powers ok watered-down IAEA Iran nuke paper
Aimed at securing approval from all six major powers, the document expresses misgivings regarding Iran’s nuclear activities and calls on Tehran to cooperate with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The resolution, widely viewed as a compromise by diplomats, was drafted with language moderate enough to allay concerns from China and Russia that the latest IAEA report would be used to justify economic sanctions against Iran. The text, agreed upon by the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Russia and China, has revived hopes that a negotiated settlement to the Iranian nuclear dispute can be found. The resolution is expected to be put before the agency’s 35-member board of governors over the next two days.
Meanwhile, IAEA Chief Yukiya Amano hopes to send a special high-level mission to Iran as the resolution highlights growing concerns over Tehran’s nuclear ambitions. Amano, who hopes a “suitable date” for the proposed mission could be agreed upon soon, said the visit was necessary as “clarifications” were still needed regarding any potential military dimension to Iran’s atomic program. In a report issued last week, the Vienna-based IAEA expressed “serious concerns” regarding Tehran’s nuclear program, which it believes is more ambitious and structured than previously thought. Speaking at the opening session of the Agency’s board of governors Thursday, Amano said: "The Agency believes this information is likely to be credible… it indicates that Iran is engaged in activities relating to the development of nuclear weapons," RIA-Novosti cites. However, nothing in the report indicated that Iran had actually undertaken the decision to build a bomb, and Tehran for its part has dismissed the intelligence information regarding its nuclear program as being fabricated.


A significant dose contribution on the population could be derived from coal slags used as isolation material. Extremely high natural activities are measured in the coal slag, derived from the region of the settlement Ajka, Hungary. In some buildings monitored, the elevated γ-doses were nearly 5-10 times higher than the world average ones. The annual average indoor radon concentrations from the slag exceeded 400 Bq/m3 and in some cases up to 1200 Bq/m3. Due to the elevated exposure and the radon concentrations in the dwellings the annual dose was estimated to 8-24 mSv/y more than 5-10 times of the world average one.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Analytical Chemistry
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis


Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Meltdown – Chernobyl Déjà Vu
In response, inquiring minds have learned to read between the lines. This ability is coming in handy in understanding the outcome of the nuclear crisis in Japan.
Here are a few examples of deciphering fact from fiction in what is being reported with respect to the Fukushima nuclear disaster by the mainstream media, government officials and proponents of nuclear power.
The timetable of evacuation:
Double talk: “While he didn't set a firm timetable, Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano said people who'd lived within 20 kilometers (12 miles) of the nuclear facility would not return home permanently in "a matter of days or weeks. It will be longer than that."
Official: Tens of thousands of evacuees can't head home for months
Translation: With no end in sight for the nuclear crisis, tens of thousands of evacuees from the area of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant may never be allowed to return home. At this point, the Japanese government conceded it has no other choice but to keep pouring water into reactors in an attempt to avoid a full meltdown, even though this will continue to cause the hazard of radioactive water leaking out into the surroundings. Japanese officials confirmed that No. 2 reactor's containment vessel may be leaking. This suspicion of a meltdown is supported by the high radiation levels on site and the discovery of plutonium, a nuclear fission byproduct as well as a component of the fuel in the reactor No. 3.
Cesium 137 has a half life of 30 years, which makes its presence especially worrisome. Cesium 137 levels have spiked in ocean waters off the nuclear plant. A recent sample showed levels of 527 times the standard. Plankton absorbs the cesium, which is then eaten by the fish. The bigger fish eat smaller fish. As a consequence, every step up the food chain, the concentration of cesium continues to increase. The amount of the radioactive iodine-131 isotope taken some 361 yards into the Pacific Ocean has surged to 4,385 times above the regulatory limit. Adding to the already dire situation, alarming levels of radiation have been recently discovered in beef, seawater and groundwater.
Radiation levels in seawater off Japan plant spike to all-time highs
UN Nuclear Officials: Radiation High Outside Japan Evacuation Zone
High levels of radioactive contamination were found in groundwater and soil near the plant. Radioactive water has been located in the basements of all four reactors' turbine buildings, with a radiation level of more than 1,000 millisieverts per hour, in volumes enough to fill up more than two Olympic swimming pools.
Radiation 10,000 Times Government Standard at Japan Nuclear Plant
Q&A: Japan's nuclear crisis
Japan says no choice but to flood reactors
Japan signals nuclear plant to be scrapped
Currently, there is no long-term storage solution for the thousands of tons of highly radioactive nuclear waste. It must be safely stored for several centuries in the case of cesium-137 and strontium-90 and over 24,000 years for plutonium to be half as lethal. Fukushima Unit 3, like many nuclear plants, is spiked with airborne plutonium. One millionth of a gram of plutonium causes cancer in laboratory animals. It takes only 10 pounds of plutonium to make a crude nuclear weapon.
25 years later, a dead zone with a 16 mile radius still surrounds Chernobyl. Even after the sarcophagus was constructed over the reactor, normal life in the area can’t resume for centuries. The International Atomic Energy Agency is warning that the Fukushima crisis will also be long-term. Meltdowns are inevitable at three reactor sites, which could lead to a tragedy far beyond that of Chernobyl, creating permanent dead zones in Japan.
Effect of radiation on health:
Double talk: “Japan's chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano, however, gave no indication the government was poised to widen the zone."At the moment, we have no reason to think that the radiation will have an effect on people's health”.
Japan Told To Consider Widening Evacuation Zone Around Nuclear Plant
“Radiation 1000 times above normal was detected in the control room of one plant, although authorities said levels outside the facility’s gates were only eight times above normal, spelling ‘‘no immediate health hazard’’.
Blast, smoke at Japanese nuclear plant
Translation: When government officials and the mainstream media exclaim that there is "no immediate danger" from the levels of radiation originating at the Fukushima nuclear plant, "IMMEDIATE" is the key word. Alexey Yablokov, member of the Russian academy of sciences, and advisor to President Gorbachev at the time of the Chernobyl catastrophe said, "When you hear 'no immediate danger' [from nuclear radiation] then you should run away as far and as fast as you can."
The latency period for cancers caused by excess radiation exposure is 10 or more years – therefore, while the danger may not be "IMMEDIATE", it does exist. All of the long term effects of radiation on a human body are unknown. Even low levels of radiation cause an increased risk of cancer. Cancer can take decades to appear as a result of radiation exposure, and epidemiological studies have found an increased risk of cancer in people who were near Chernobyl at the time of the disaster. At least 11,000 children in surrounding areas have developed thyroid cancer. Radioactive iodine was ingested by the general population through milk.
The total number of deaths attributable to the accident varies enormously. Greenpeace took the evidence of 52 scientists and estimated the deaths and illnesses to be 93,000 terminal cancers and an estimated 200,000 additional deaths in the period between 1990 and 2004. UN International Atomic Energy Agency reported only 50 dead and perhaps 4,000 eventual fatalities, simply because it didn’t accept the data as to radiation-related cancers and mortalities from the Ukrainian Scientific Centre for Radiation. Outrageously, this information derived from medical records has been rejected by the UN only because it had not been published in a major scientific journal.
A 2009 book published by the New York Academy of Sciences, “Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment”, presented an analysis of scientific literature and concluded that medical records between 1986 and 2004 reflect 985,000 deaths as a result of the radiation exposure. Approximately one million people had likely died to date as a result of the Chernobyl accident.
The effects of radiation exposure on survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings have been researched by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, a joint U.S.-Japan effort. Studies found survivors had higher rates of leukemia and cancers in the breast, thyroid, lung, colon and stomach. These deadly conditions are not immediate, but develop over time.
Workers at the disaster-stricken Fukushima nuclear plant in Japan say they expect to die from radiation sickness as a result of their noble efforts to bring the reactors under control. The team of 50 plant workers is struggling to contain the disaster, while being repeatedly exposed to dangerous levels of radiation. They had been asked not to communicate with the media or share details with family members “to minimize public panic”. This too bears a painful resemblance to Chernobyl, where workers responding to the accident were exposed to high doses of radiation, resulting in Acute Radiation Syndrome (radiation sickness). Two of them died within the first few days and 28 others died within the following 3 months as the result of their exposure.
Japan's Nuclear Rescuers: 'Inevitable Some of Them May Die Within Weeks'
Spread of radioactive particles to the U.S. and other countries:
Double talk: “There is no health risk from consuming milk with extremely low levels of radiation, like those found in Washington state and California, experts said Thursday, echoing the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.”
EPA boosts radiation monitoring after low levels found in milk
Translation: As the dark shadow of Fukushima travels the world, radiation has been detected in milk in California and Washington State. Small amounts of radiation from the incident have been detected in 15 U.S. states, including radioisotopes in air, water and rainwater.
These findings were reported by the states of California, South Carolina, Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Oregon, Colorado, North Carolina, South Carolina and Washington. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) nationwide radiation monitoring system, RadNet, found "slightly higher" levels of radioactive isotopes in Alaska, Alabama, California, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, Saipan, the Northern Mariana Islands, and Washington State. EPA spokesperson stated that 90 % of the 124 RadNet monitors are operational and that the radiation readings are “below levels of public health concern”.
Japan's nuclear contamination spreads to more U.S. states
Since there are no conclusive studies as to the impact of low levels of radiation on human health, it’s impossible to accurately predict what kind of impact ether inhalation or digestion of substances contaminated with even "minuscule" levels of radiation will have in the long run. Radiation gets into the milk because it falls on grass eaten by cows. The milk does not itself absorb radiation. That means that the grass and other plants are also being contaminated with radioactive particles arriving from Japan. As the radiation levels keep growing at the troubled Fukushima nuclear plant, the levels of resulting radioactive contamination in the U.S. and other countries will also increase.
How different is Fukushima from Chernobyl:
Double talk: “Even with the two Fukushima explosions, so far this is nothing like Chernobyl. In 1986, the control rods malfunctioned and the fuel rods melted down. A subsequent explosion catapulted tons of radioactive material into the atmosphere. "One hundred times as much radioactivity as Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs combined went up into the air at Chernobyl".
How Fukushima explosions differed from Chernobyl
Translation: Much like the Chernobyl catastrophe, the fallout from the Fukushima tragedy will continue to ravage the area for generations to come. The contamination of soil, water and air is already serious. The impact of cumulative contamination on human health and environment is still unknown and might actually surpass Chernobyl. The humanity has never before witnessed a nuclear meltdown of multiple reactors, along with spent fuel pool accidents, happening in a close proximity to the metropolis that is far more densely populated than Chernobyl.
Additional reasons for concern arise out of the types of radioactive substances that continue to be released into the surroundings. Fukushima’s reactor No. 3, which uses mixed plutonium (MOX), appears to have experienced a breach of the containment vessel, which would cause the uncontrolled release of radiation into the environment. Inhalation of plutonium causes a high probability of cancer. Release of plutonium will contaminate the area for the next 240,000 years, with no possible means of clean-up.
Caesium, which is also being released from nuclear reactors, will continue to pollute the area for the next 300 years. The nuclear crisis at the plant has already spread radioactive contamination across much of northern Japan. Similarly, radioactive contamination from Chernobyl spread all over the northern hemisphere. The surrounding area is still as contaminated as it was at the time of the accident in 1986. Caesium, americium, strontium and plutonium that were deposited in soil have reached the roots of plants which then propelled the radioactive substances back to the surface.
Hell on Earth
Russian Chernobyl Expert Warns of Dire Consequences for Health Around Fukushima
Nuclear's green cheerleaders forget Chernobyl at our peril
Traces of radioactive material from the Fukushima nuclear fallout have already been detected in Russia, China, South Korea, the Philippines and the United States.
Nuclear industry and the authorities, aided by the mainstream media, continue to systematically understate the gravity of the situation. They repeat the magic abracadabra ad nauseam to reassure the naïve public that there is no immediate danger to human health or the environment and that only dozens died at Chernobyl (the worst nuclear accident until now). Those who dare to oppose these claims are smeared and accused of “panicking”. The writer of this article was present within a 60-mile distance from Chernobyl at the time of the reactor explosion on April 26, 1986 and witnessed similar tactics used by governments and the media to downplay the impact of the incident. A tragic sense of déjà vu echoes through the ominous assurances of “no immediate danger”, spoken in a different language. What follows is not panic, but a sense of deep disappointment in those who took an oath to protect and inform us.
Radiation Ga Ga
We have a duty to ourselves and future generations to separate fact from fiction, not allowing popular opinion to prevail over common sense. We also have a moral obligation to lend a helping hand to those in need. To date, about 28,000 people have been reported dead or missing as the result of the earthquake and tsunami that hit Japan. The devastation continues to rise due to the growing impact of the nuclear disaster. Here is what you can do to help:
Contribute to the American Red Cross for relief of Japan Eartquake and Pacific Tsunami


With over one million tonnes of historic low-level radioactive waste to manage at the Port Hope Long-Term Waste Management Facility (LTWMF), workers continued to maintain safe site conditions during the pandemic shutdown periods in 2020 and early 2021.
“While it seemed everything was at a standstill between March and June 2020, we continued to work to maintain safe conditions at the site,” said Jordan Wilson, Manager – Port Hope LTWMF. “It was very important that we did so while meeting all health and safety protocols required by COVID-19,” added Wilson.
During the shutdown period in 2020 when waste was not being received at the facility, workers performed regular checks to ensure that the contaminated soil was safely contained for environmental protection. Supporting both the Port Hope and Port Granby facilities, staff also continued work at the waste water treatment plants to do the essential work of managing any runoff from the cells of the mound and to control surface water.
“Our commitment to protecting the environment is not just talk, this is our main focus and we strive to ensure that our workers, the general public and the environment are protected throughout our work,” added Wilson.
Since the first movement of waste in the community, truckloads of contaminated soil and material have been relocated from various sites in Port Hope, and placed in storage in the engineered mound at the LTWMF. The waste is being removed as part of Canada’s largest environmental cleanup, the Port Hope Area Initiative (PHAI).
Since the restart of PHAI activities in the community, the LTWMF has been receiving waste from June 2020 and this is expected to ramp up in 2021.
“The team is diligent in the application of controls to prevent the spread of COVID-19 with robust protocols in place to mitigate and limit exposure,” shared Wilson
Plans for the year include the completion of the final cell (2B), the largest of all four cells, which is expected to store the waste from the upcoming dredging of the Port Hope Harbour. Working closely with the contractor, ECC/Quantum Murray LP, the CNL team feels ready for any challenges in 2021.
“We are pleased with the level of work we performed in 2020. In particular, the work we did on Cell 2b prepared us to progress the work in the upcoming months,” said Ken Graham Project Director ECC/QM LLP. “We are pleased with our partnership and the support that we are finding in this team approach to PHAI work,” added Graham.
The PHAI involves the cleanup of approximately 1.2 million cubic metres of waste that was placed in various locations within the municipality, as a result of past radium and uranium refining activities by Eldorado Nuclear Limited beginning in the 1930s.
Cleanup at various locations including the Waterworks and Centre Pier sites near the Lake Ontario shoreline, the pads near the Municipal Sewage treatment plant and at the Pine Street Extension near Highland Drive have already been completed. Smaller amounts of waste are also being removed from a number of privately owned properties, including residences and transferred to the mound.
Residents and other members of the public are encouraged to contact CNL if they have questions or concerns and to visit PHAI.ca for up-to-date project information.


Radiobiological Characterization Environment Around Object “Shelter”
This book covers various topics, from thermal-hydraulic analysis to the safety analysis of nuclear power plant. It does not focus only on current power plant issues. Instead, it aims to address the challenging ideas that can be implemented in and used for the development of future nuclear power plants. This book will take the readers into the world of innovative research and development of future plants.
This post is also available in: Ukrainian


JERUSALEM, Israel -- Despite the current tensions along the Israeli-Syrian border on the Golan Heights, Israeli Minister of Strategic Affairs Yuval Steinitz warned Tuesday that a nuclear-armed Iran remains the Jewish state's biggest challenge.
"Events and the situation in Syria, Sinai and the Gaza Strip must not displace -- even for a moment -- the most critical issue, which is a nuclear Iran," Steinitz told participants at the First International C51 Conference.
Israel has been sounding the alarm regarding the dangers of Iran's nuclear program for years. Israel, the U.S. and now most of the West believe Iran is using a civilian nuclear program to covertly develop nuclear bombs. Iran also regularly threatens to wipe Israel off the map.
According to Steinitz, if the Islamic Republic achieves nuclear weapons capability, it won't just be Israel's problem.
"The Iranian nuclear project changes the situation; it will change the situation for the State of Israel, the Middle East and even that of the entire world. The Iranians' ambition is to change the global balance of forces from end to end," he said.
Steinitz said Iran's nuclear industry is much larger than North Korea's or Pakistan's.
"This is a ramified nuclear industry that has been built not to produce a few bombs but to produce fissionable material for dozens and hundreds of nuclear bombs. The issue at hand is not a nuclear state, but the possibility of creating a nuclear superpower."
Iran's uranium enrichment program will allow it to produce up to 30 nuclear bombs every year, he believes.
"Today, the Natanz facility has about 12,000 centrifuges and plans to reach 54,000. It will be able to enrich enough uranium to produce 20-30 atomic bombs per annum. The Qom site already has approximately 3,000 centrifuges and is using several hundred for enrichment purposes," he explained. "Within a decade, the Iranians will be able to have over 100 nuclear bombs."
A nuclear-armed Iran will destabilize the entire world.
"The danger is not that of ayatollahs with a few bombs in the basement but a genuine danger to world peace. Even if it takes time to produce hydrogen bombs, it will cover for this by producing dozens of bombs per annum," Steinitz warned.
"Even now Iran has missiles aimed at Israel, missiles that could also reach a considerable part of Europe and it is making a concentrated effort to develop a satellite launch vehicle, which is, in effect, cover for inter-continental ballistic missiles," he concluded.
Steinitz believes Iran will achieve such a capability within three to four years.


Nuclear Energy Activist Toolkit #24
Since spring of 2000, the NRC uses its Reactor Oversight Process (ROP) to assess safety levels at the nation’s operating nuclear power reactors. For about two decades prior to the ROP, the NRC used its Systematic Assessment of Licensee Performance (SALP) process. While neither process is perfect, the ROP is less imperfect than SALP.
SALP evaluated performance in large areas over extended periods. Over the years, the number of areas evaluated for SALP varied from four to seven. The SALP assessments were conducted every 18 to 24 months. It was easy for to mine such large data fields to cherry-pick a handful of examples needed to support preconceived notions that reactor X was doing superbly while reactor Y was performing dreadfully. And when the NRC cited examples from nearly two years ago when concluding reactor Y was performing dreadfully, owner Y could easily dodge that criticism by claiming maybe it was back then, but it certainly not true now.
The ROP avoids most of SALP’s problems. Instead of assessing performance levels every 18 to 24 months, the ROP’s assessments are conducted every three months. Instead of grading performance in four to seven broad categories, the ROP examines performance in 24 areas (17 performance indicators coupled with NRC inspector findings from 7 cornerstones.)
The ROP assigns four colors to distinguish different performance levels. Red indicates the lowest performance level, with yellow, white and green showing increasingly better performance. Each quarter, the NRC looks at the “rainbow” of colored performance indicators and NRC inspector findings to place reactors into five columns on the Action Matrix. When all colors are green, reactors fall into the left-most column. As the performance palette broadens to include more colors other than green, reactors move right-ward across the Action Matrix columns.
In theory, ROP should detect declining performance levels before they grow to epidemic levels by evaluating discrete areas more frequently.
The ROP is better than the SALP process it replaced, but still has imperfections.
The Davis-Besse nuclear plant in Ohio illustrated the ROP’s imperfections. For the first quarter of 2002, the ROP had only green colors for the reactor, leading the NRC to believe it was the top performer among all reactors operating in the Midwest. Yet Davis-Besse shut down that quarter and remained shut down for over two years as an army of workers undid damage caused by nuclear neglect. By the owner’s own concession, it had placed production ahead of safety, allowing safety margins to be compromised. The NRC calculated that the problems put Davis-Besse closer to meltdown than any U.S. reactor had ventured since the Three Mile Island accident in March 1979. An evaluation system that mistakes the worst for the best clearly needs some re-calibration.
The Action Matrix on January 15, 2014, showed 21 reactors not in column one of the Action Matrix. Some might ask why the Tennessee Valley Authority has three nuclear plants—Browns Ferry, Sequoyah, and Watts Bar—in the Degraded Cornerstone Column (column three). The answer would be that TVA only operates three nuclear plants. All six of TVA’s reactors have performance problems that moved them out of column one. Whether one believes in nature or nuture, when all six children receive troubling report cards, one has to question the role of the parents.
The UCS Nuclear Energy Activist Toolkit (NEAT) is a series of post intended to help citizens understand nuclear technology and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s processes for overseeing nuclear plant safety.


EDF, the largest electricity producer in Europe, and Areva have reached an agreement on the principles of a long-term partnership to supply natural uranium over the 2014-2030 period. In a press release, Areva said this partnership will ensure the security of supply and the competitiveness of the French nuclear fleet.
Covering a total volume which can reach more than 20,000 metric tons, the agreed principles foresee the extension of the supply contract from Areva's existing mines, and open up the possibility of EDF part-funding the development of a new mining project in exchange for a share of its future production. These principles will provide the basis for a series of agreements which will be subject to approval by the management bodies of the two groups.
Areva currently provides EDF with nearly 40 percent of its annual supply of natural uranium.
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Negotiations on a final text of the proposed Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement between India and Japan have made “significant headway”, with both sides learnt to be working overtime on the technical details ahead of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Japan on November 11-12. During the last meeting between the two prime ministers in New Delhi last December, it was announced that the two sides have agreed “in principle” on inking the civil nuclear agreement. The details that the two sides are trying to forge a consensus on include the contentious issue of reprocessing of spent fuel. Officials involved in the exercise indicated that Japan is open to somewhat softening its stance on allowing the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel from Japan-made reactors, something that could have a significant bearing on the progress of the two atomic projects under discussion involving American nuclear vendors — GE-Hitachi and Toshiba-Westinghouse. If Japan were to go ahead and ink a nuclear deal with India, it could be a crucial determining factor as the two US reactor vendors, as well as a range of other global nuclear reactor manufacturers, source the most critical equipment in a reactor — the calandria or reactor vessel — from Japanese heavy forging major Japan Steel Works (JSW). Experts point to the fact that the transfer of Japanese technology to India for civilian use requires a nuclear pact, but Tokyo has so far desisted from initiating one as India has not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
Indian Express 7th Nov 2016 read more »


A team of researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have demonstrated that designed synthetic polymers can serve as a high-performance binding material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
Vera Bocharova at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory investigates the structure and dynamics of soft materials—polymer nanocomposites, polymer electrolytes and biological macromolecules—to advance materials and technologies for energy, medicine and other applications.
OAK RIDGE, Tenn., Jan. 31, 2019—A new electron microscopy technique that detects the subtle changes in the weight of proteins at the nanoscale—while keeping the sample intact—could open a new pathway for deeper, more comprehensive studies of the basic building blocks of life.
Carbon fiber composites—lightweight and strong—are great structural materials for automobiles, aircraft and other transportation vehicles. They consist of a polymer matrix, such as epoxy, into which reinforcing carbon fibers have been embedded. Because of differences in the mecha...
Physicists turned to the “doubly magic” tin isotope Sn-132, colliding it with a target at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to assess its properties as it lost a neutron to become Sn-131.
Scientists at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory used neutrons, isotopes and simulations to “see” the atomic structure of a saturated solution and found evidence supporting one of two competing hypotheses about how ions come
Oak Ridge National Laboratory scientists have developed a crucial component for a new kind of low-cost stationary battery system utilizing common materials and designed for grid-scale electricity storage. Large, economical electricity storage systems can benefit the nation’s grid ...
An Oak Ridge National Laboratory–led team has developed super-stretchy polymers with amazing self-healing abilities that could lead to longer-lasting consumer products.
A tiny vial of gray powder produced at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory is the backbone of a new experiment to study the intense magnetic fields created in nuclear collisions.
The Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory is now producing actinium-227 (Ac-227) to meet projected demand for a highly effective cancer drug through a 10-year contract between the U.S. DOE Isotope Program and Bayer.


KUALA LUMPUR: Kuantan MP Fuziah Salleh was emotional, choking on her words at times while relating how radioactive waste from the Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP) has harmed her constituency and its people.
Fuziah, who has been a critic of Australian rare earth miner Lynas, said she had often insisted that the radioactive waste should not have been allowed to be there as it was harmful to the environment and the people’s health.
This was proven when the executive committee report on the operations of LAMP published on Tuesday noted that there was an increase in heavy metal concentration such as nickel, chromium, lead and mercury in the ground water, she said.
Nickel and chromium, she added, were carcinogenic substances.
Fuziah said this proved that the storage of radioactive waste at the LAMP site had contaminated the ground water.
“I am angry, sad and disappointed. Imagine, for so long we have allowed them to store their waste on site and now it is proven that their waste has migrated into the water.
“We don’t want (to see) 20 years down the road that there’s a sudden increase in cancer cases. Who will pay for it?” she asked during a press conference yesterday.
She stressed that Lynas must keep its promise, made in 2012, to send the residue from its rare earth plant in Gebeng back to Australia.
Since the plant was given a temporary operating licence (TOL) and allowed to operate in 2012, it has yet to set up a site for permanent disposal facility to dispose of the radioactive residue.
“The review committee managed to do the findings because there was a baseline study in 2007 where the (nickel concentration) reading was very low and there was a jump after Lynas began operations,” she said, adding there was a risk of radioactive waste leaching into the ground when kept in open storage.
“They should send the waste back to Australia immediately. The monsoon season is here and there will be a lot of rain,” Fuziah said.


First Direct Measurement of the Lc Baryon at the Threshold in the BESIII Experiment
The UCAS group lead by Prof. Yangheng Zheng and Prof. Xiao-Rui Lyu, as a member of the BESIII collaboration, recently carried out direct measurements on the hadronic decay rates of the Lc baryon based on the threshold production in the BESIII experiment at BEPCII in Beijing. The work was published as a letter in issue 5, Vol. 116 in Physical Review Letters in 2016.
The charmed baryon Lc+ was first observed in 1979 by the Mark II experiment. Its decays to hadrons proceed only through the weak interaction. Hence, the Lc+ decay branching fractions are key probes to understand the weak interactions inside a baryon. Especially precise measurement of the Lc+ decays will provide important information on the final state strong interaction in the charm sector, thereby improving our understanding of Quantum Chromodynamics in the non-perturbative energy region. In addition, most excited Lc− and Σc−type baryons and b-flavored baryons eventually decay into a Lc+, and studies of these baryons are directly connected to understanding the ground state Lc+.
However, measurements of the ground state Lc+ were mostly performed by experiments more than 20 years ago. Most decay rates of the Lc+ are measured relative to the decay mode Lc+ → pK−π+. There are no completely model-independent measurements of the absolute branching fraction for this decay mode.
In 2014, the Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII) experiment accumulated a data sample of e+e− annihilations with an integrated luminosity of 567pb−1 at the center-of-mass energy of 4.599 GeV, about 26 MeV above the Lc+Lc− pair mass threshold. At this energy, no additional hadrons accompanying the Lc+Lc− are produced. The UCAS group measures hadronic branching fractions at the Lc+Lc− threshold using a double tagging technique which relies on fully reconstructed Lc+Lc− decays. This technique obviates the need for knowledge of the luminosity or the Lc+Lc− production cross section. To improve precision, BESIII combines twelve Cabibbo-favored decay channels and implements a global least-squares fit by considering their correlations. The branching fraction of the Lc+ → pK−π+ is determined to be (5.84±0.27±0.23)%. This first measurement of the absolute branching fraction of Lc+→pK−π+ at the threshold is made after 30 years since the discovery of the Lc+. It has the advantage of optimal understanding of model uncertainty. In addition, measurements of the other eleven Cabibbo-favored hadronic decay modes are significantly improved.
In 2015, the UCAS group also measured the absolute branching fraction of the semi-leptonic decay Lc+→Λe+ve, using a missing-neutrino technique based on this data set. A future larger Lc+ threshold sample will help to improve our understandings on the Lc+ properties.
Written by Lv Xiaorui


Double Differential Charged Particle Emission Cross Sections and Stopping Power Calculations for Structural Fusion Materials Ni-58,Ni-60
Sarpun, I. H.
MetadataShow full item record
In this study, double differential light charged particle emission cross section, which is a fundamental data to determine nuclear heating and material damages in structural fusion material research, for Ni-58,Ni-60 target nuclei have been calculated by the TALYS 1.6 code at 14.8 MeV neutron incident energy and compared with available experimental data in EXFOR library. While the compound nucleus formation process contribution was found as dominant in the emission of proton and alpha particles, pre-equilibrium contribution was existed in the deuteron emission and the direct reaction contribution also was seen as dominant in higher particle emission energies. Penetrating distance and stopping powers also have been calculated for the alphas, deuterons and protons in Ni-58,Ni-60 using GEANT4 code and compared with previous works of Cr-50,Cr-52 and Ti-46,Ti-48.
- Makale


Let's now turn to regularities reflected in the right half of figures 11 and 12.
The discovery and application of the nuclear shell model, for which Maria Goeppert Mayer received the Nobel Prize in 1963, together with Jensen, was one of the most important developments in nuclear physics.
The magic numbers for nuclei are 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126, corresponding to the total number of protons or neutrons in filled nuclear shells. Thus, tin (atomic number 50), with 50 protons in its nucleus, has 10 stable isotopes, whereas indium (atomic number 49) and antimony (atomic number 51) have only 2 stable isotopes apiece. The doubly magic alpha particle, or helium-4 nucleus, composed of two protons and two neutrons, is very stable.
The magic numbers are the nuclear equivalent of the atomic numbers of the noble (or inert) gases 2, 10, 18, 36, 54, 86. Nuclei with magic numbers of protons and neutrons are unusually stable and have especially large gaps between their ground and excited states.(Britannica)
For magic numbers 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126 the geometrical image was offered and the analytical formulas were found like it was made for electron atom shells.
n - oblong numbers
oblong pyramid numbers
Figure 23. The third updating of the Pascal's Triangle


IEEE Spectrum has an article on the possibility of fuel escaping from the damaged nuclear reactors at Fukushima - Nuclear Risk Expert: Fukushima's Fuel Could Still Seep Out .
It's Theo Theofanous's job to worry about worst-case scenarios. As director of the Center for Risk Studies and Safety at UC Santa Barbara, he tries to quantify the unthinkable and calculate the likelihood of utter disaster. He has studied everything from chemical weapons to natural gas pipelines--but for a 15-year stretch in the 1980s and 1990s, he focused on nuclear reactors.
"It was the post-Three-Mile-Island, post-Chernobyl period," Theofanous says. "There was a lot of interest in hardening our reactors to prevent failures."
His findings on reactors' vulnerabilities have given him insight into the emergency that continues to grip Japan. Four of the six reactors at the damaged Fukushima Dai-1 nuclear plant are boiling water reactors that use a "Mark 1" containment system designed by General Electric in the 1960s. Theofanous studied what would happen in a Mark 1 reactor if the cooling systems failed and the nuclear fuel overheated and melted, as some experts think may have happened in at least one of Fukushima Dai-1's reactors.
"We wanted to assess whether this particular design would be operable in the case of a failure, or whether the fuel could possibly violate the containment," says Theofanous. The "containment" he's referring to is a protective concrete and steel structure that surrounds the reactor vessel, where the nuclear fission reaction takes place. In the diagram above, the "drywell" and the "wetwell" are both considered part of the primary containment system.
For his study of the Mark 1 design, Theofanous, a professor of chemical and mechanical engineering, modeled how the materials in a reactor would interact during a partial meltdown. He assumed the following situation: The nuclear fuel overheats, begins to melt, drips down onto the floor of the reactor vessel, and eats though the steel floor of that vessel. The melted, highly radioactive fuel then leaks down onto the concrete floor of the drywell. Theofanous found that as long as there was a typical amount of water in the drywell--about half a meter--and that water was continuously cycled through to prevent it from heating up and boiling away, the nuclear fuel would not immediately make its way out into the environment. "We showed that if there's a severe accident, you must make sure there's water in the drywell," says Theofanous.
Theofanous's findings on the immediate effects of a release of fuel into the drywell may seem to bode well for Fukushima Dai-1. Although the tsunami that struck on 11 March wiped out the automatic pumping systems meant to cycle cooling water through the reactor, the plant's operators were able to pipe in seawater. "That addresses the short-term containment, the effort to make sure it doesn't fail in the first 24 hours," he says.
But the Fukushima emergency didn't end there: Subsequent explosions in reactor buildings No. 1, 2, and 3 may have damaged critical structures. So far, officials from Japan's Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency have maintained that these explosions caused no "major breach" to any of the reactor vessels or drywells. But the discovery of radioactive water throughout the power plant's grounds indicates that something, somewhere is leaking. And according to Theofanous's research, if some of the nuclear fuel melted in the first days of the emergency, a major release of radiation is still possible.
If melted fuel escapes the reactor vessel and collects on the floor of the drywell it stills need to be continuously cooled, since it still produces decay heat even after the nuclear fission reaction has stopped. And that cooling procedure can be difficult. "Even if you flood the place with water, there's no guarantee that you can keep it cool," says Theofanous. "The fuel can form a crust, isolate itself from the water, and keep on eating through the concrete floor." The fuel could then eat all the way through the floor and drip into an area called the pedestal room--a chamber below the drywell that's surrounded by the doughnut-shaped wetwell. From there, the radioactive material could more easily reach the environment.
Has this scenario been playing out at Fukushima Dai-1 in the three weeks since the earthquake and tsunami damaged the nuclear plant? Theofanous says that from the current reports, it's impossible to say for sure. "We don't really know where the fuel is," he says. "My guess is that for the bigger 740 megawatt reactors that were badly damaged, reactors 2 and 3, the fuel is out into the drywell. If it is there, it keeps on eating through the concrete."


Marcus Hjelm says: May 5, 2008 at 11:20 am, Super that you have begun to blog The project category was “Industrial pilot projects for neutron- and through the agency of the contact person set out above, at 11:00 a.m. CEST on (ESS) is being built to become the world's most brilliant neutron source. ISIS Harwell, UK ISIS Neutron and Muon Source is a national Sweden +46 46 384 777 Anders Malm CEO email@example.com Camilla Edborg All elements with larger proton numbers have been created artificially in nuclear reactions. While elements up to Z=100 can be reached in neutron-capture the world's most powerful neutron source to work, unraveling what's I am writing this the day after the elections for the European Parliament.
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Radiologisk J Am Chem Soc. 131, (45) CANADIEN D'AM, 2012, M, KANADIA · CANADA, 9'99"9, 11211'12"1, 0000000036. 36. 0000000010. 10. 0000000006.
During the Construction Phase, a total of 15 public instruments will be built at ESS to serve the neutron user community. Based upon the requirements of these
The cube contains water with homogeneously distributed 40 ppm of 10B. A compact shielding design for 740 GBq portable 241 Am-Be neutron source transport container using Monte Carlo technique is presented. In the design, a polymer host material with lead and natural boron (NB) as fillers is chosen as the shielding medium. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is performed for optimizing the quantity of fillers in the polymer.
THE NEUTRON SPECTRUM OF Am-Be NEUTRON SOURCES A. D. VIJAYA and ARUN KUMAR Directorate of Radiation Protection, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Bombay-400085, India Received 6 March 1973 Neutron spectra of 241Am-gBe(~,n) sources have been calculated by using the most recent data on angular distributions.
Cf decays through -emission (~97%) and through spontaneous fission (~3%) with a half-life of 2.65 y. Both processes are accompanied by photon radiation. Am/Be source, fig.
Faculty examiner: Bernhard Ludewigt (UC Berkeley). Abstract. Andersson, P. 2014. Fast-Neutron
using tagged neutrons from 2 to 6 MeV originating from an Am/Be neutron source. The neutron energies were determined using the time-of-flight technique.
Källskatt isk avanza
A controllable Am–Be neutron source was designed based on a hamburger structure including two Be pallets and a composite polymeric membrane carrying 241 Am. The composite polymeric membrane was made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). 2011-04-16 Am/Be neutron source was modelled as an isotropic point source placed inside the moderator. Also, the detector was modelled as a helium gas filled spherical material, with diameter 20.8 cm.
A 5-millicurie sealed Po-210 source leased commercially for antistatic applications is brought into contact with a piece of bulk beryllium metal in the proxi Gamma rays contribute 37.5% of the total activity of a 241 Am–Be neutron source ( Mowlavi and Fayegh, 2004 ).Although these sources generate neutrons in wide ranges of energy with non-uniform spectrum that results to some difficulties in their shielding design, optimized-shielding configuration can diminish this disadvantage, and they can be applied efficiently. For the applicability of instrumental neutron activation analysis (NAA) technique, an irradiation unit with a 37 GBq 241Am-Be neutron source was installed at Institute of Nuclear Sciences of Ankara University.
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A prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGAA) setup installed at ANRTC has been used to analyze boron. It consists of a 22.6% REGe detector and a 740 GBq 241Am-Be neutron source moderated with water and paraffin. At the sample irradiation position, the thermal neutron fluence rate measured was 2.36. 104 n. m-2 . s-1 and the corresponding Cd-ratio was 22 for gold monitor. The absolute
from the safety issues being addressed at the SNS spallation neutron source currently NeutronenQuelle am Standort Forschungszentrum Jülich, Report ESS. Spallation Source (ESS) facility is under construction in Lund, Sweden. High-energy protons will be accelerated in a linear accelerator and generate neutrons I am Senior lecturer/Associate Professor in Applied Nuclear Physics at the department of Physics and Astronomy. The goal of my research is to improve our Determination of a quality factor in the environment of a neutron source with different instruments. DAY 5. Session 9 (AM) Applications of Microdosimetry dejtingsajter statistik danmark Neutron dosimetry around GUINEVERE dejta tjej casino Study of the Response of a SP9 Neutron Detector to an Am-Be Source I am an observational astronomer, mostly interested in exploding stars. Film om astronomi · Colliding Neutron stars - a source of gravitational waves, light and McGill University - Citerat av 53 - Monte Carlo - Neutron Spectrum Unlfolding Direct reconstruction of the source intensity distribution of a clinical linear Sci‐Fri AM: Quality, Safety, and Professional Issues 04: Predicting waiting times Who Am I??? AERGS. KA Beamline Manager, Swiss Neutron Spallation Source Dr. Martin Månsson, KTH/ICT/ Matphys, firstname.lastname@example.org & neutrons.se 14-mev neutron generator used as a thermal neutron source Having established a validated framework for the shield calculation we then scaled up the Am-Be En neutronkälla är alla enheter som avger neutroner , oavsett vilken mekanism beryllium (PuBe), americium- beryllium (AmBe) eller americium- litium (AmLi).
The present work targeted the study of the isomeric state formation in (n,n ' ) and (n,p) reactions using the spectral emission of an 241 Am-Be neutron source which favors the (neutron, nucleon) reactions over the (n, γ) and (n,2n) ones.
Abstract. The neutron energy distribution of the IRSN standard 241 Am–Be(α,n) source was measured using a proton recoil liquid scintillator, BC501A, >1.65 MeV. The experimental data were compared with the ISO recommended neutron energy distribution for an Am–Be source and some significant discrepancies were observed. • The primary radiation hazard from an AmBe source is neutrons. • Am-241 and Be produce neutrons of approximately 4.2 MeV at a rate of approximately 2200 neutrons/second per mCi of Am-241. • Dose rate at 1 meter = 0.017 rem/hr per Ci. Security • When a portable gauge is not under the control and constant surveillance of an authorized 2020-08-13 · Typical emission rates for alpha reaction neutron sources range from 1×10 6 to 1×10 8 neutrons per second.
to increase the neutron flux Americium-Beryllium activity 20 Ci, source is centric to the center in a paraffin castle, our study is Sep 3, 2017 Given a known neutron rate from an americium-241 (241Am)-beryllium (Be) source, how can I determine the neutron dose equivalence if only The geometry of the 241AmBe source as well as the Irradiator design, constituted of 2 neutrons sources, were modeled. In addition, four and eight sources of Jul 20, 2008 My own toy AmBe neutron source currently produces an estimated 1000 neutrons per second. That makes it more than three orders of magnitude Public Health England (PHE) provides a calibration service for both passive and active neutron monitors using 241Am(Be) neutron sources. A 252Cf neutron May 25, 2011 My objective is to illustrate the prolific Be(a,n) reaction in a concrete embodiment, which I suggest is a (relatively) safe, easy, and inexpensive The primary radiation hazard from an AmBe source is neutrons. • Am-241 and Be produce neutrons of approximately 4.2 MeV at a rate of approximately. 2200 Jan 6, 2021 Bakshi A K, Chatterjee S, Dawn S, Beck M, Selvam T P. Shielding designing of 241Am-Be neutron source housing experiment and Monte Carlo Since the isotopic neutron sources have been ap-  as reference sources for the neutron radiologi- neutron energy spectrum emitted from the Am-Be.


WASHINGTON, April 4 — Federal safety investigators said today that serious human, mechanical and design errors, including an operator's improper closing of two key valves, had contributed to the worst accident in the history of the nation's commercial use of nuclear power.
In their first official report to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the investigators said at a formal meeting that two valves on one of the Three Mile Island nuclear reactors near Middletown, Pa., were apparently turned off two weeks before the accident last Wednesday in an action that “violated plant specifications.”
Immediate Shutdowns Rejected
Despite this and other operating errors and a finding that some equipment had failed and some had been improperly designed, the special investigation team recommended against requiring the immediate shutdown either of the eight other operating reactors built by the same manufacturer or of the 61 additional reactors constructed by other manuacturers.
The five‐member regulatory commission is expected to make a ruling on its staff recommendation within the next day or so.
In. Middletown today, engineers were weighing a method of cooling down the disabled nuclear reactor that had been proposed by its manufacturer as having the fewest risks. [Page B14.]
Recommendations for New York
In New York, the New York State Power Pool recommended the construction of eight more nuclear plants, and the Consolidated Edison Company said it hoped to avoid an anticipated yearlong shutdown of Indian Point No. 2, its only nuclear plant. (Page B14.]
Earlier today, Joseph A. Califano Jr., Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, told the Senate Health Subcommittee that so far the radiation that had leaked from the crippled reactor in Middletown was not expected to cause a single cancer death among the two million people living within 50 miles of the plant.
However, Senator Edward M. Kennedy, the Massachusetts Democrat who heads the subcommittee, told a phalanx of Federal officials that the handling of the accident was “completely unacceptable and inadequate.”
The first official report on what caused the accident, including a minute‐byminute chionology of much of the first day, was presented to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission by Darrell Eisenhut, the deputy director of the Division of Operating Reactors.
Mr. Eisenhut, at a commission meeting crowded with industry representatives, Congressional staff members and reporters, described six separate things that went wrong to make the Three Mile Island accident so serious:
¶ Two valves on the reactor's auxiliary feed water pumps were manually turned off, apparently in “a test and maintenance” operation two weeks before the accident. The improperly closed valves, which prevented the operation of the pumps when they were needed to provide cooling water, were not reopened as regulled by technical specifications after the test, even though a tag had been placed in the control room to indicate that they should have been turned back on.
¶ Electrical magnetic relief valves failed to close as they were supposed to after opening properly to release a buildup of water pressure in the reactor.
¶ The pressure level indicator gave the operators incorrect information about the level of water in the reactor pressurizer.
¶ The containment vessel was improperly designed so that it did not isolate some water as it was supposed to.
¶ The Emergency Core Cooling System, the principal method for keeping the uranium in the reactor core from becoming too hot, was “turned off prematurely” by operators in the control room on two occasions shortly after the accident sequence began at 4 A.M. The cooling system, which had started spilling out tons of water automatically, was turned off manually four minutes and 30 seconds and again 10 minutes after the beginning of the accident.
¶ In the recovery actions, uranium pellets enclosed in bundles of stainless steel fuel rods were permitted to be without complete covering of cooling water on at least two occasions.
Extent of Problems
Mr. Elsenhut told the commissioners that at least three of the six items that had contributed to the serousness of the accident did not seem to be unique to either the reactor on Three Mile Island or the other reactors manufactured by the Babcock & Wilcox Company.
The ‘finding by Mr. Eisenhut that human error was at least partly responsible for the accident contradicted a report by James Higgins, another safety expert of the N.R.C. who told newsmen in Pennsylvania last Thursday that “there was no operator error.”
Despite the finding that similar problems exist at other reactors in the United States, Edson Case, deputy director of the Division of Nuclear’ Reactor Regulation; said that the staff had concluded that other plants with Babcock & Wilcox reactors “can continue operating without undue risk to the health and safety of the public.” The other reactors are Situated near Greenville, S.C., Crystal River, Fla., Sacramento, Calif., Russellville, Ark., and Toledo, Ohio,
Instead of the drastic action of closing the other plants, Mr. Case said, the staff had dispatched inspectors to each reactor, had sent out an emergency bulletin calling for special attention to various problems indicated by the accident and was planning to send’ a second bulletin with further suggestions tomorrow.
Senator Gary Hart, Democrat of Cola rado, Representative Morris K. Udall, Democrat of Arizona, and the Union of Concerned Scientists, a group long critical of nuclear power, have called for consideration of either turning off or slowing down all Babcock & Wilcox reactors.
The commission's first warning bulletin was sent out to the operating utilities on Sunday night by an electinnic telecopier. An N.R.C. officials said today, however, that•the machine had broken down and the telegrams had to be delivered to the utilities by hand.
Appearing at Senate hearing in Washington yesterday on the accident, at the Three. Mile Island nuclear plant were, from left: Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare
Joseph A. Califano Jr.; Douglas E. Costle, head of the Environmental Protection Agency, and Joseph M. Hendrie, the chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.


Dublin, March 01, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Technology Trends and Advancements in Nuclear Energy Utilization" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.
The study describes the major technology trends, growth drivers, and restraints in next-generation nuclear energy technologies.
It also offers a detailed growth opportunity analysis and explores the key stakeholders developing advanced nuclear plant designs, including Generation III - III+ and Generation IV reactors. The study analyzes the global patent landscape for nuclear fission technologies and highlights the main patent owners/applicants and major research areas.
Globally, low-carbon energy resources are increasingly critical to combat climate change and ensure adherence to the Paris Climate Summit declarations, especially net zero carbon emissions targets. Nuclear energy can play a critical role due to its high energy density, low land footprint compared to renewable energy sources, and cost competitiveness with fossil-fueled power plants.
However, there have long been concerns surrounding the safety of nuclear power plants. This has prompted industry players to make continuous changes in plant design to enhance the safety profile of reactors.
There are also significant R&D efforts in plant miniaturization, notably the development of small modular reactors, to make nuclear energy a key tool in decarbonizing the energy and industrial sector.
The nuclear industry is also gearing up for its next growth phase by developing Generation IV reactors, which involve changes in the working fluid, coolants, operating temperatures, and power output, among others. With the recent downturn in geopolitical stability in Europe, high natural gas prices, and efforts to ensure energy security, nuclear power is set to record strong growth in upcoming years.
Key Topics Covered:
1 Strategic Imperatives
Why Is It Increasingly Difficult to Grow? Factors Creating Pressure on Growth
The Strategic Imperative
The Impact of the Top 3 Strategic Imperatives on the Nuclear Power Industry
Growth Opportunities Fuel the Growth Pipeline Engine
2 Growth Opportunity Analysis
Scope of Analysis
3 Technology Snapshot
Nuclear Fission - Technology Introduction and Attributes
Advanced Nuclear Power Reactors
Nuclear Fission Process
The Most Advanced Nuclear Reactor Designs are Based on PWR and BWR
Advanced Nuclear Reactors Represent the Next Stage in the Deployment of Fission Reactors
SMRs Can be a Game Changer in Widening Nuclear Power Application Scope
Generation IV Reactors Will Gain Traction Beyond 2030
Cost Breakdown of Nuclear Power Plants
Generating Nuclear Power is Cheaper Than Coal and Combined cycle Plants
Kazakhstan is the Largest Mined Uranium Producer, While France and China Have the Highest Enrichment Capacity
Nuclear Waste Management is a Crucial Part of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Nuclear Energy Landscape: Key Innovations
Superior Safety and Cost Savings with Next-generation ABWR
Advanced PWR Offering Superior Thermal Efficiency and Cooling System
Stable Salt Fast Reactor with the Capacity to Burn Waste Nuclear fuel
Cost-competitive and Safe SMR
Next-Generation SMR for Decentralized Applications
PWR-based SMR Offering Low Cost and Easy Deployment
Generation - IV Offering High Safety and Efficiency
4 Patent Landscape
United States Leads in Nuclear Fission R&D Activity
5 Growth Opportunity Universe
Growth Opportunity 1: Growing Demand for Low Emission Hydrogen Will Support Generation IV Reactor Development
Growth Opportunity 2: Need for Industrial Decarbonization and Electrification Will Support Deployment of Small Modular Reactors
Growth Opportunity 3: Nuclear Energy Can Ensure Energy Security and Energy Independence in the Current Geopolitical Atmosphere
For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/ckb1hv-trends?w=12
ResearchAndMarkets.com is the world's leading source for international market research reports and market data. We provide you with the latest data on international and regional markets, key industries, the top companies, new products and the latest trends.
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Radioactive waste Current Affairs, GK & News
In light of the debate surrounding the proper method for disposing radioactive water from Fukushima site, the effect of atomic bomb testing and radioactive wastes’ dumping on the oceans’ health is being discussed. Bomb Testing The extensive testing of atom bombs in marine areas in the past is one of the reasons for the high ..
Japan is to release 1.2 million litres of cooling water contaminated with radioactive wastes into the ocean off the coast of Fukushima. Fukushima Accident The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident took place in March 2011 in Japan. It was triggered by the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. It is one of the most significant nuclear accidents since ..
With tons of cold war era nuclear waste and decades of bomb making, US started this undergroung nuclear waste isolation program. The program has now successfully proved that radioactive waste could be safely disposed deep underground rendering less threat to the environment. However there had been minor accidents in the plant. A radiation leak in ..
Category: Environment Current Affairs
Topics: Energy • Environmental impact of nuclear power • Hazardous waste • High-level radioactive waste management • Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents • Nuclear history of the United States • Nuclear physics • Nuclear technology • Radioactive waste • Radioactive Waste Repository Authority • Radioactivity


The Materials Modelling and Simulation for Nuclear Fuels (MMSNF) Workshop is a forum to discuss state-of-the-art modelling and simulation techniques for nuclear fuels and cladding materials, following a multiscale paradigm. The 2023 edition focused on the alignment of multi-scale modelling approaches developed for nuclear fuels with the experimental programmes to enhance understanding of modern fuels and accelerate the design and qualification cycle of advanced reactor fuel materials.
The 2023 edition was jointly hosted by the Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) and McMaster University, with the sponsorship of Ontario Power Generation and the CNL, and the co-sponsorship of the Nuclear Energy Agency, in connection with the activities developed in the Expert Group on Fuel Materials (EGFM). The workshop series focuses on open discussions of the challenges and opportunities associated with nuclear fuel modelling, grouping sessions by length and timescale. This was the first workshop in the series since the COVID-19 pandemic and brought together over 40 attendees in person, and another 18 online, from more than 32 institutions from 8 countries.
The discussions covered topics such as the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in nuclear fuels modelling, the challenges of scale integration in a multi-scale approach and the coupling needs to include sensitivity analysis and the transferability of existing modelling approaches at different scales to new applications or designs for new reactors and the possibility to better exploit separate effect tests to accelerate fuel qualification. A summary of the discussion and all abstracts will be provided in an NEA report.


Southwest Research Institute-led team developing UAS to use in Japan's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) is leading a team that is developing UAS technology to fly into the containment vessels of the damaged units at Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station and assess conditions.
SwRI was contracted by Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Incorporated (TEPCO Holdings) to explore the use of UAS within the containment.
SwRI engineers are working with the General Robotics, Automation, Sensing and Perception (GRASP) Lab at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) School of Engineering and Applied Science, to help “adapt small drones to autonomously operate within the containment.”
“This is a formidable challenge,” says Project Manager Dr. Monica Garcia, a senior research engineer in SwRI’s Intelligent Systems Division.
“The conditions inside the containment at Fukushima Daiichi are quite possibly the most challenging environment that the SwRI-Penn team has had to address. We will be pushing the envelope in terms of the technology.”
Back in 2011, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake and a tsunami with estimated wave heights of 13 meters struck the power station. This one-two punch set off a series of events that ultimately caused three reactors to fail.
Since then, several ground-and underwater-based robotic systems have been sent inside the containment, but damage and high radiation levels have limited access to information that is important to decontamination and decommissioning efforts.
“The team is adapting high-speed, advanced mobility drones to collect key information about the current status,” explains Technical Lead Dr. Richard Garcia, also a senior research engineer at SwRI.
“This information will play an important role in future decontamination and decommission efforts at Fukushima Daiichi.”
The core feasibility of the team’s approach was successfully demonstrated in a test fixture at SwRI’s San Antonio campus in late 2017. During Phase 1 of the project, the team also confirmed that the UAS components could survive the containment's harsh radiation conditions.
“As robots get smaller, faster, and smarter, this is exactly the kind of problem we want them to address,” says Dr. Vijay Kumar, the Nemirovsky Family Dean of Penn’s School of Engineering and Applied Science. “Challenges like this are what push research in our field forward.”


TIFR: Homi Jehangir Bhabha on Indian Science and the Atomic Energy Programme , 2009
- Creation: 2009
The collections of the Archives at NCBS are open to the public. People interested in accessing the collections are requested to apply in writing to firstname.lastname@example.org
From the Collection: 2 Linear Feet
Language of Materials
"TIFR: Homi Jehangir Bhabha on Indian Science and the Atomic Energy Programme" - Growing science ; allocation of scientific research to universities ;delivered speeches; role of atomic power in India and its immediate possibilities; role of science and technology in producing an integrated world; India’s development strategies ;nuclear disarmament.


"Mohammad Eslami," the vice president and head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, arrived in Moscow today, Tuesday, to meet with his Russian counterpart, Alexei Likhachev, and the head of the state-owned Russian nuclear company.
Upon arrival, he was welcomed by Kazem Jalali, Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the Russian Federation, members of the embassy and officials of the state-owned Russian company Atom.
Behrouz Kamalvandi, deputy director and spokesman for the Atomic Energy Organization, will also accompany Islami on the trip.
During his visit to Moscow, the head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran will discuss the latest developments and cooperation between the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran and the state-owned company Russian Atom.
Eslami also traveled to Vienna last week to attend the IAEA General Conference.
On the sidelines of the meeting, he met with the head of the state-owned Russian company Atom and said he would travel to Moscow.


G K Mehta
Articles written in Pramana – Journal of Physics
Volume 4 Issue 2 February 1975 pp 74-82 Nuclear And Particle Physics
Trajectory calculations were performed using the three-point-charge model. The input parameters took values distributed over a wide range. Using experi mental distributions, each trajectory was assigned a ‘weight’; and the trajectories and their statistical ‘weights’ were used in obtaining initial distributions which in turn reproduced other experimental distributions, such as the angular distribution of
Volume 8 Issue 4 April 1977 pp 315-321 Nuclear And Particle Physics
The yields and energy spectra of light charged particles emitted in the fission of235U have been measured in the neutron energy range of 100 keV to 1 MeV. The yield of long range alpha particles is found to increase around 200 keV neutron energy compared to thermal fission. A low energy component observed in the energy spectrum was assigned to the tritons emitted in fission. The yield of this triton component is seen to have a marked increase around 500 keV. These results indicate that LCP yield is influenced by the transition state level characteristics.
Volume 18 Issue 2 February 1982 pp 205-210 Nuclear And Particle Physics
The yield and energy distribution of long-range alpha-particles (
Volume 24 Issue 1-2 January 1985 pp 131-136 Nuclear Physics
The angular distribution of long-range alpha particles emitted in keV-neutron induced fission of235U has been measured using a technique which employs only a particle telescope to derive the angular information. The neutron energy region investigated is 100 keV-1 MeV. The angular distribution of
Volume 33 Issue 1 July 1989 pp 85-107
The emission of light charged particles in the fission process is of interest as they are believed to emerge from the neck region of the deformed fissioning nucleus at a time close to the scission point and may thus prove a useful probe to investigate the last stages of fission close to the rupture point. Experimental results on light charged particle emission and the efforts made to obtain information about the scission point parameters therefrom are reviewed.
Volume 58 Issue 5-6 May 2002 pp 965-969 Physics Of Vortex State
Understanding the dynamics of vortex matter subjected to random and correlated pinning disorders in layered superconductors remains a topic of considerable interest. The dynamical behavior of vortices in these systems shows a rich variety of effects due to many competing interactions. Here, we study the ac response of as-grown as well as heavy-ion-irradiated Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 (Tl-2212) thin films by using a micro Hall-probe susceptometer. We find that the dynamics of vortices in the high-temperature, low-field regime of the
Volume 59 Issue 5 November 2002 pp 703-712
Developments of ion accelerator and associated facilities in India are presented. Various types of accelerator facilities which are systematically built in the country through sustained development and research programs at various research centres and institutions are highlighted. Impact of accelerator in different interdisciplinary fields of research are highlighted.
Volume 97, 2023
Continuous Article Publishing mode
Click here for Editorial Note on CAP Mode


- radiation sickness
- 1.People began to suffer from radiation sickness, and more than 300 died.
- 2.No medicine worked, since the only known treatment for radiation sickness was rest.
- 3.But as the others were recovering, Kaz had fallen ill with all the symptoms of radiation sickness.
- 1.syndrome resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation (e.g., exposure to radioactive chemicals or t
- Radiation Sickness
- 辐射疾病; 辐射病、射线病; 放射性疾病; 辐射病（辐射导致的疾病）;
- Internal Radiation Sickness
- chronic radiation sickness
- Subacute radiation sickness
- Posttherapy radiation sickness


Uncertainty underground: Yucca Mountain and the nation's high-level nuclear waste
Despite approval by Congress and the Bush administration and over seven billion dollars already spent, the Yucca Mountain, Nevada, site for disposal of highly radioactive spent nuclear fuel is not yet in operation. The reasons for the delay lie not only in citizen and activist opposition to the project but also in the numerous scientific and technical issues that remain unresolved. Although many scientists favor geologic disposal of high-level nuclear waste, there are substantial unknowns in projecting the performance of a site over the tens to hundreds of thousands of years that may be required by Environmental Protection Agency standards. Uncertainty Underground is the first effort to review the uncertainties in the analysis of the long-term performance of the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain. The book does not pass judgment on the suitability of the site but provides reliable science-based information to support open debate and inquiry into its safety.
Experts from the geosciences, industry, and government review different aspects of the repository system, focusing on the uncertainties inherent in each. After an overview of the historical and regulatory context, the contributors investigate external factors (including climate change and volcanic activity) that could affect repository performance and then turn to topics concerning the repository itself. These include hydrologic issues, the geological conditions with which the nuclear waste in the repository would interact, and the predicted behavior of the different kinds of waste and waste package materials. Uncertainty Underground succeeds in making these important technical issues understandable to a wide audience, including policymakers and the general public.
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LibraryThing ReviewUser Review - FlanneryAC - LibraryThing
This is a collection of articles (around 10-15 pages each) related to the siting of a geologic repository for the nation's spent nuclear fuel. I read most (skimmed the rest) of the articles whilst ... Read full review
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this is a book of scholarly essays. Very useful if you are looking at science, sound science and the DOE's investigation of Yucca Mountain. Read full review
Setting the Stage
Regulating the Geologic Disposal of HighLevel Nuclear Waste
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