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de16f3c225c7bb993875c6cdf6085739 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/autocephalous-church | Autocephalous church | Autocephalous church
Autocephalous church, in the modern usage of Eastern Orthodox canon law, church that enjoys total canonical and administrative independence and elects its own primates and bishops. The term autocephalous was used in medieval Byzantine law in its literal sense of “self-headed” (Greek: autokephalos... |
26bb57c5d8fbd051de40fbcc14bc25de | https://www.britannica.com/topic/automated-clearinghouse | Automated clearinghouse | Automated clearinghouse
The automated clearinghouse (ACH) is the third alternative means of making deposits and paying bills. ACH networks transfer existing deposit balances, avoid the use of checks, and speed payments and settlement. In addition, many large payments (such as those to settle securities or foreign excha... |
ca274ac25d57f9899afe5e0d9871a14a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Avalon-1990-film | Avalon | Avalon
He next helmed Avalon (1990), a family saga about immigrants for which his screenplay earned him an Oscar nomination, and the best-picture nominee Bugsy (1991), in which Warren Beatty starred as mobster Bugsy Siegel. Levinson’s later films included the revenge thriller Sleepers (1996), the political satire Wag t... |
b064285b69db253623d1cb0458891fa7 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Avalovara | Avalovara | Avalovara
Avalovara), is an allegory on the art of the novel in which fiction and life become mutually regenerative experiences. Despite other significant novelists such as Fernando Sabino and Érico Lopes Veríssimo, the second half of the 20th century, especially after 1964, the year of the…
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e0fbe29f006ad76f325e44f5aebec4b3 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Avanzada-group | Avanzada group | Avanzada group
…Chilean revolution, artists of the Avanzada group created performances that pointed out the abuses of the new regime. For example, in 1980 Carlos Leppe had himself videotaped as he was imprisoned in a plaster cast. By this he suggested his abuse and confinement by society. Similarly, Diamela Eltit infli... |
f8336f64e2ff8a4c973facd82cdc6c33 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ave-Verum-Corpus-K-618 | Ave Verum Corpus, K 618 | Ave Verum Corpus, K 618
Ave Verum Corpus, K 618, (Latin: “Hail, True Body”) motet (vocal musical setting of a sacred text) by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart based on a Roman Catholic eucharistic text. The piece was composed in the summer of 1791, half a year before the composer’s death and eight years after Mozart had last c... |
8c446d1103276f81022788d2d7e98705 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Avengers-Age-of-Ultron | Avengers: Age of Ultron | Avengers: Age of Ultron
…cast reunited for the sequel, The Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), which was the screen debut of one of the group’s most-implacable foes. Joe and Anthony Russo, who had helmed the Marvel films Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) and Captain America: Civil War (2016), took over in the dire... |
dd0d1aaebfda29f6a0ad48a7e2243612 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/avera | ʿavera | ʿavera
ʿavera, also spelled Averah (Hebrew: “a crossing over”), plural ʿaverot, or Averoth, in Judaism, a moral transgression (or sin) against God or man. It may vary from grievous to slight and is the opposite of mitzwa (commandment), understood in the broad sense of any good deed. Whereas Jews are taught to prefer d... |
3bd655b094d7d796878650f99d038f69 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/awujale | Awujale | Awujale
As the seat of the awujale, the Ijebu political and spiritual ruler, it served as the capital of the Ijebu kingdom, which for several centuries dominated the trade between the ports of the Lagos Lagoon (including Lagos, 44 miles [70 km] west-southwest) and the Yoruba hinterland (especially Ibadan, 38 miles…
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4a8021c70b3ce5ab4b69b538191072f5 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/axis-of-evil | Axis of evil | Axis of evil
Axis of evil, expression used to describe the bellicose tendencies of Iran, North Korea, and Iraq in the early 21st century. The phrase was coined by Canadian-born U.S. presidential speechwriter David Frum and presidential aide Michael Gerson for use by U.S. President George W. Bush in his 2002 State of t... |
dbfcfe1de63d64a68bd5d427cd4214dc | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ayesha | Ayesha | Ayesha
Ayesha, fictional character, the supernatural white queen of a vanished African city in the romantic novel She (1887) by H. Rider Haggard. Ayesha ("She-Who-Must-Be-Obeyed") is a beautiful and majestic woman with supernatural powers who spends centuries waiting for the reincarnation of a lover from past ages.
Jo... |
35a750a9840c6d1fa8ed7bbe5e9a9760 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aymara | Aymara | Aymara
Aymara, large South American Indian group living on the Altiplano—a vast windy plateau of the central Andes in Peru and Bolivia—with smaller numbers in Argentina and Chile. Their language is also called Aymara. In colonial times the Aymara tribes were the Canchi, Colla, Lupaca, Collagua, Ubina, Pacasa, Caranga,... |
6289f030cbc2ba51b672411c8780faaa | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Azazel | Azazel | Azazel
Azazel, in Jewish legends, a demon or evil spirit to whom, in the ancient rite of Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), a scapegoat was sent bearing the sins of the Jewish people. Two male goats were chosen for the ritual, one designated by lots “for the Lord,” the other “for Azazel” (Leviticus 16:8). The ritual was c... |
5fd5d885322ce36245365fdc1f6a45ac | https://www.britannica.com/topic/baba-ghanoush | Baba ghanoush | Baba ghanoush
…and the Middle Eastern relish baba ghanoush. It is also frequently served as a baked, grilled, fried, or boiled vegetable and is used as a garnish and in stews. The plant is closely related to the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and the potato (S. tuberosum) as well as to several poisonous…
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aa22cf0b4ecef3a981593513c0c90d28 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Babbitt-novel-by-Lewis | Babbitt | Babbitt
Babbitt, novel by Sinclair Lewis, published in 1922. The novel’s scathing indictment of middle-class American values made Babbittry a synonym for adherence to a conformist, materialistic, anti-intellectual way of life.
After the enormous success of his novel Main Street, Sinclair Lewis turned to another icon o... |
dc37de27870716110272abd29fadc0ea | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Babes-in-Toyland | Babes in Toyland | Babes in Toyland
Babes in Toyland, also called March of the Wooden Soldiers, American fantasy film, released in 1934, that starred the comedy team of Laurel and Hardy in an enduring holiday classic.
The film—which was based on a 1903 operetta by composer Victor Herbert and librettist Glen MacDonough—is set in Toyland,... |
4f25f91353ff4d0436b21f9e9443c038 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baby-Face-Nelson-film-by-Siegel-1957 | Baby Face Nelson | Baby Face Nelson
Siegel’s next project was Baby Face Nelson (1957), a violent look at the infamous gangster (played by Mickey Rooney).
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f8bbd20bee0fb70cbca0083547a12ffc | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bacchanalia | Bacchanalia | Bacchanalia
Bacchanalia, also called Dionysia, in Greco-Roman religion, any of the several festivals of Bacchus (Dionysus), the wine god. They probably originated as rites of fertility gods. The most famous of the Greek Dionysia were in Attica and included the Little, or Rustic, Dionysia, characterized by simple, old-... |
7557450d7f7d061fb5f7a274758bc470 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bach-Gesellschaft | Bach-Gesellschaft | Bach-Gesellschaft
…Robert Schumann, Hauptmann founded the Bach-Gesellschaft (“Bach Society”); for the remainder of his life he served as the society’s president and edited the first three volumes of the Bach-Gesellschaft (BG) edition of Bach’s complete works. His most important publication in the area of theory was Die... |
cfc0079077dfce1bf82c8a0eff13d467 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bachpan-Bachao-Andolan | Bachpan Bachao Andolan | Bachpan Bachao Andolan
…in 1980 founded the nonprofit Bachpan Bachao Andolan (BBA; “Save the Childhood Movement”). Agnivesh, with whom Satyarthi retained an alternatingly close and antagonistic relationship, founded the more legislatively focused Bandhua Mukti Morcha (BMM; “Bonded Labour Liberation Front”) in 1981.
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05d90384bc68680305a646765d3939e0 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Back-in-Black | Back in Black | Back in Black
The band’s next album, Back in Black (1980), sold more than 10 million copies in the United States alone, and For Those About to Rock (1981) was also a million-seller. The early to mid-1980s was the band’s peak period as a live group; a number of personnel changes occurred…
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591e0b906967acbfab0ba8e1a2cd45b7 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bad-Boys-film | Bad Boys | Bad Boys
The action comedy-thriller Bad Boys (1995), however, proved to be the turning point in his film career. While the movie was not a critical success, it made more than \$100 million worldwide, proving Smith’s star power. In 1996 he starred in that year’s top-grossing movie, Independence Day. He…
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033f476bf53c054d03ba57ae4736fe6d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bad-Company-2002-film | Bad Company | Bad Company
…Anthony Hopkins in the thriller Bad Company (2002). In 2003 Rock made his directorial debut with Head of State, which centred on a presidential election. After the popular HBO comedy special Never Scared (2004), he cocreated a television series based on his childhood, Everybody Hates Chris (2005–09). The s... |
f0ff09356ab34789c25bb5e0b10b1048 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bad-Day-at-Black-Rock | Bad Day at Black Rock | Bad Day at Black Rock
Bad Day at Black Rock, American mystery film, released in 1955, that fused elements of the western with those of film noir. It was based on Howard Breslin’s short story “Bad Time at Honda” (1947).
Spencer Tracy starred as John Macreedy, a one-armed World War II veteran whose life was saved during... |
da6145d4a8f89bbd406e801f538a02f9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bad-Education-2019-film | Bad Education | Bad Education
…Missing Link and starred in Bad Education, a dramedy based on the true story of a school district superintendent involved in an embezzlement scheme. That year he also staged a world tour (titled The Man. The Music. The Show.), which featured singing, dancing, and storytelling.
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680a15318be21573e8a5b93c67ae9862 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bad-Times-at-the-El-Royale | Bad Times at the El Royale | Bad Times at the El Royale
…has a storied past in Bad Times at the El Royale (2018). In 2019 Bridges received the Cecil B. DeMille Award (a Golden Globe for lifetime achievement).
…with a storied history in Bad Times at the El Royale (2018). His movies from 2019 included Lucy in the Sky, a drama centring on an astronau... |
90503cb8878f6829128f1038d1879b05 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Badlands-film-by-Malick | Badlands | Badlands
His own directorial debut, Badlands (1973), which he also scripted, starred Martin Sheen as a small-town hoodlum who persuades a naive teenage girl (played by Sissy Spacek) to run away with him as he embarks on a string of dispassionate murders. The film (one of several to be inspired…
…Terrence Malick’s first... |
8c3533519d2a479578a000cfe29595c6 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/BAE-Systems | BAE Systems | BAE Systems
BAE Systems, major British manufacturer of aircraft, missiles, avionics, and other aerospace and defense products. It was formed in 1999 from the merger of British Aerospace PLC (BAe) with Marconi Electronic Systems, formerly part of General Electric Company PLC. BAe, in turn, dates to the merger in 1977 o... |
b019b3488e285c1acad0c15e3b19ad7a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/bagatelle | Bagatelle | Bagatelle
Bagatelle, game, probably of English origin, that is similar to billiards and was probably a modification of it. Bagatelle is played with billiard cues and nine balls on an oblong board or table varying in size from 6 by 1.5 ft (1.8 by 0.5 m) to 10 by 3 ft (3 by 0.9 m), with nine numbered cups at its head, e... |
40f4df746f0384193a012703bd7aaa34 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/bail-law | Bail | Bail
Bail, procedure by which a judge or magistrate sets at liberty one who has been arrested or imprisoned, upon receipt of security to ensure the released prisoner’s later appearance in court for further proceedings. Release from custody is ordinarily effected by posting a sum of money, or a bond, although originall... |
73eab03cc292e5dc6a2b655d8629fbf1 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/bakery-product | Bakery product | Bakery product
Bakery products, which include bread, rolls, cookies, pies, pastries, and muffins, are usually prepared from flour or meal derived from some form of grain. Bread, already a common staple in prehistoric times, provides many nutrients in the human diet.
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9b765770805da25a266b9484c624af05 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan-pipeline | Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline | Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline
One of those, an oil pipeline from Baku to Ceyhan, Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast, opened in 2005. Another project, a trans-Caspian pipeline, would transport Turkmeni natural gas beneath the Caspian Sea to Azerbaijan.
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5531df4e1fc39124048e3f891dc8cac0 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/balance-of-power | Balance of power | Balance of power
Balance of power, in international relations, the posture and policy of a nation or group of nations protecting itself against another nation or group of nations by matching its power against the power of the other side. States can pursue a policy of balance of power in two ways: by increasing their o... |
7ea9775d94995c61de1247c882762468 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Balkonen | Balkonen | Balkonen
…Gerts have (1894; “Gert’s Garden”), Balkonen (1894; The Balcony), and Kjærlighetens tragedie (1904; The Tragedy of Love). Sharing Hamsun’s preoccupation with the irrational side of human conduct was Hans E. Kinck, a writer of considerable power and penetration. In his verse drama Driftekaren (1908; “The Drove... |
d5cd64aa83dc4f2e4ca190014140c80e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ballet-West | Ballet West | Ballet West
…it changed its name to Ballet West. Christensen retired as director a decade later and was succeeded by Bruce Marks. As a choreographer, Christensen created works to music by J.S. Bach, Felix Mendelssohn, Igor Stravinsky, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Darius Milhaud.
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ba36295f235639bfd0c6562ecae94ab4 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Balloon-Corps | Balloon Corps | Balloon Corps
Balloon Corps , civilian aeronautical unit (1861–63) created during the American Civil War to provide aerial surveillance of Confederate troops for the Union army. Balloons supported Union campaigns from ground stations and naval vessels in the Peninsular Campaign, the capture of Island Number Ten, the S... |
c143125c7c4743bf5d5ea40c75e1af90 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Balochi-language | Balochi language | Balochi language
Balochi language, also spelled Baluchi or Beluchi, one of the oldest living languages of the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European languages. A West Iranian language, Balochi is spoken by about five million people as a first or second language in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, India, and Baloch diaspo... |
cc0bd6e3850146fc0c56c5906bbc9ab4 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Balto-Slavic-languages | Balto-Slavic languages | Balto-Slavic languages
Balto-Slavic languages, hypothetical language group comprising the languages of the Baltic and Slavic subgroups of the Indo-European language family. Those scholars who accept the Balto-Slavic hypothesis attribute the large number of close similarities in the vocabulary, grammar, and sound syst... |
a13551df72c2bd303f9b3228b120fff9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bamboo-Annals | Bamboo Annals | Bamboo Annals
Bamboo Annals, Chinese (Pinyin) Zhushu Jinian or (Wade-Giles romanization) Chu-shu Chi-nien, set of Chinese court records written on bamboo slips, from the state of Wei, one of the many small states into which China was divided during the Dong (Eastern) Zhou dynasty (770–256 bce). The state records were ... |
6d2af034353cc43781666a4099e66cbe | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Banco-de-Espana | Banco de España | Banco de España
The central bank is the Banco de España (Bank of Spain). Having complied with the criteria for convergence, Spain joined the economic and monetary union of the EU in 1998, and the Banco de España became part of the European System of Central Banks. In addition to being the government’s…
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6b437b563afdc3036b543ec50ee29788 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Banco-Espirito-Santo | Banco Espirito Santo | Banco Espirito Santo
…Portugal’s largest privately held bank, Banco Espírito Santo (BES), imploded in August 2014. Quick action by Portuguese officials restored calm, however; BES was nationalized, and its toxic assets were quarantined.
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d03d0a50e8d3b47cf047311af007abba | https://www.britannica.com/topic/bangers-and-mash | Bangers and mash | Bangers and mash
Bangers and mash, a common British dish consisting of sausages (“bangers”) and mashed potatoes (“mash”). It is traditionally served with onion gravy. Bangers and mash is a staple of the country’s overall cuisine and is a popular pub dish. The term bangers supposedly originated during World War I, when... |
6001636ea9ab0dcb3bb6002b533aece1 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bangkok-International-Banking-Facility | Bangkok International Banking Facility | Bangkok International Banking Facility
…1990s, the government established the Bangkok International Banking Facility (BIBF), an offshore banking entity that became a major conduit for international capital. Originally envisioned as a means to establish Bangkok as a major financial centre rivaling Hong Kong and Singapor... |
f4af1ee835cb93f445dd4e38aafd912a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bangsa-Moro-Army | Bangsa Moro Army | Bangsa Moro Army
…military force, known as the Bangsa Moro Army, had 30,000 fighters at the time of its greatest strength in the 1970s. In 1975 Marcos conceded that the Moros’ economic grievances, at least, were justified, particularly against Christian landowners; but government offers of regional autonomy were reject... |
6ef198a09cd079528b305bf8ae9a84f5 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bank-for-International-Settlements | Bank for International Settlements | Bank for International Settlements
Bank for International Settlements, international bank established at Basel, Switzerland, in 1930, as the agency to handle the payment of reparations by Germany after World War I and as an institution for cooperation among the central banks of the various countries (see Young Plan). ... |
8f6f6876b9a61dd643798448bd9380c9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bank-of-Eastern-Republic-of-Uruguay | Bank of Eastern Republic of Uruguay | Bank of Eastern Republic of Uruguay
Other state banks include the Bank of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay, which is the country’s largest commercial bank, and the Mortgage Bank of Uruguay.
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0316b47ddbbf901e450322e2baaf8534 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bank-of-the-United-States | Bank of the United States | Bank of the United States
Bank of the United States, central bank chartered in 1791 by the U.S. Congress at the urging of Alexander Hamilton and over the objections of Thomas Jefferson. The extended debate over its constitutionality contributed significantly to the evolution of pro- and antibank factions into the firs... |
62ce76e3aeaa9904afaffd67f0ccc128 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/bank/The-principles-of-central-banking | The principles of central banking | The principles of central banking
Central banks maintain accounts for, and extend credit to, commercial banks and, in most instances, their sponsoring governments, but they generally do not do business with the public at large. Because they have the right to issue fiat money, most central banks serve as their nations’ ... |
83ac244bade2566a883b74065e401922 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/bankruptcy-fraud | Bankruptcy fraud | Bankruptcy fraud
Bankruptcy fraud, the act of falsifying information when filing for bankruptcy. It may also take the form of filing for bankruptcy to deceive creditors.
In the United States, about 10 percent of bankruptcy filings involve fraudulent claims. The four most commonly encountered fraud schemes are concealm... |
8cb22555d0312abb08320f4ef2d9a9ff | https://www.britannica.com/topic/bannock-bread | Bannock | Bannock
Bannock, flat, sometimes unleavened bread eaten primarily in Scotland. Although most commonly made of oats, bannocks of barley, ground dried peas, and a combination of grains are sometimes encountered. Selkirk bannock is made from wheat flour and contains fruit.
The word bannock derives from the Latin panicum... |
d74046e590bc32f25b4ee975dfc84d43 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bantustan | Bantustan | Bantustan
Bantustan, also known as Bantu homeland, South Africa homeland, or Black state, any of 10 former territories that were designated by the white-dominated government of South Africa as pseudo-national homelands for the country’s Black African (classified by the government as Bantu) population during the mid- t... |
b850c2a8eb1dc90fd226b55cc0ceccec | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Banu-Yamina | Banu Yamina | Banu Yamina
…so also remarkably are the Banu Yamina (“Benjaminites”). It is not that the latter are identical with the family of Benjamin, a son of Jacob, but rather that a name with such a biblical ring appears in these extrabiblical sources in the 18th century bce. What seems beyond doubt is…
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d6066d7db65539c66b6a8972386064d1 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baozhang-Daifang-Lu | Baozhang Daifang Lu | Baozhang Daifang Lu
…but still existing are the Baozhang Daifang Lu (“Critical Description of Calligraphics in Mi Fu’s Collection”) and Hua Shi (“Account of Painting”), which contain records of his own and others’ collections of paintings, essays on aesthetic history, and criticism of paintings. There also exist some p... |
543425600bbc955d6515784dd0a89d42 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/baptism-by-proxy | Baptism by proxy | Baptism by proxy
…order to identify candidates for baptism by proxy. In 2010, after complaints from some Jewish groups, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints changed its procedure for collecting genealogical information, in order to prevent the names of Jews who had died during the Holocaust from being propos... |
65166091dc7db47b146bcaa1a693edb0 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baptism-Eucharist-and-Ministry | Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry | Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry
…publication of the important document Baptism, Eucharist, and Ministry (1982), which identified areas of agreement between the churches on several core teachings; the church responded positively, though with qualification, to the text. Steps to improve relations with non-Christian relig... |
df264e15f344d42deb17c24779196534 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baptist | Baptist | Baptist
Baptist, member of a group of Protestant Christians who share the basic beliefs of most Protestants but who insist that only believers should be baptized and that it should be done by immersion rather than by the sprinkling or pouring of water. (This view, however, is shared by others who are not Baptists.) Al... |
4c22f3509c3f5a85862d89d9c0e4eef9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baptist-Bible-Fellowship | Baptist Bible Fellowship | Baptist Bible Fellowship
The Baptist Bible Fellowship, formed in 1950, became one of the largest fundamentalist denominations; Jerry Falwell, subsequently a prominent televangelist, emerged as the movement’s leading spokesperson in the 1970s. Liberty University, founded by Falwell in Lynchburg, Virginia, in 1971; Bob J... |
abfe99cdf614b746b6a289d32f96d4b0 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/bar-tracery | Bar tracery | Bar tracery
…France a developed type of bar tracery with cusped circles (having pointed bars of stone projecting in toward the centre of the circle) was executed in the apse chapels of Reims Cathedral (prior to 1230). From about 1240 on, bar tracery became common, and it quickly exhibited increased lightness and…
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4c387f20343035b0703773cf4a0470bb | https://www.britannica.com/topic/barbooth | Barbooth | Barbooth
Barbooth, also called barbotte, or barbudi, dice game of Middle Eastern origin, used for gambling; in the United States it is played chiefly by persons of Greek or Jewish ancestry. The shooter casts two dice (traditionally miniature dice). If he throws 3–3, 5–5, 6–6, or 6–5, he wins; if he throws 1–1, 2–2, 4–... |
09e32c305762abe1d7411fa3c7e2fb64 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bardo-Thodol | Bardo Thödol | Bardo Thödol
Bardo Thödol, (Tibetan: “Liberation in the Intermediate State Through Hearing”) also called Tibetan Book of the Dead, in Tibetan Buddhism, a funerary text that is recited to ease the consciousness of a recently deceased person through death and assist it into a favourable rebirth.
A central tenet of all s... |
aa3ad316f7f8f492aeceb27d1dd072b6 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Barefoot-Boy-with-Cheek | Barefoot Boy with Cheek | Barefoot Boy with Cheek
His first novel, Barefoot Boy with Cheek (1943), was a best seller and was regarded as a classic of campus humour. While serving in the army during World War II, he wrote The Feather Merchants (1944) and The Zebra Derby (1946); the latter poked fun at anxious civilians…
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276e6dd6501307c19cd42666fe0c13ce | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Barelwi-school | Barelwi school | Barelwi school
…in northern India—the Deoband and Barelwi schools—are likewise widespread in Pakistan. Differences between the two movements over a variety of theological issues are significant to the point that violence often has erupted between them. Another group, Tablīghī Jamāʿat (founded 1926), headquartered in Ra... |
ba281e8cc91c64f00489c36fcec42134 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bargello-Museum | Bargello Museum | Bargello Museum
Bargello Museum, formally National Museum of the Bargello, Italian Museo Nazionale del Bargello, art museum housed in the Palazzo del Bargello (or del Podestà), Florence, which dates from the 13th and 14th centuries. The museum was established in 1865 and is especially famous for its collection of Rena... |
884a158966f1a7c99c91b6dd81d7adce | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Barn-by-Demand | Barn | Barn
Barn (1997), one of a number of works evoking artists’ workshops, was inspired by a photo of the studio of American painter Jackson Pollock. The most prominent of Demand’s works are those based on media photographs representing politically charged or otherwise sensational events. Corridor (1995)…
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8ede08170a8c784b78d9ff0909800001 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Barneys-Version-film-by-Lewis | Barney’s Version | Barney’s Version
…character in the dark comedy Barney’s Version (2010), based on Mordecai Richler’s novel.
…father in the dark comedy Barney’s Version (2010). In addition, Hoffman lent his voice to the computer-animated films The Tale of Despereaux (2008), Kung Fu Panda (2008), Kung Fu Panda 2 (2011), and Kung Fu Panda... |
3623e091dc7b088771e63886d7fd19de | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baron-de-Charlus | Baron de Charlus | Baron de Charlus
Baron de Charlus, in full Baron Palamède de Charlus, fictional character, a licentious gay man in the seven-volume novel Remembrance of Things Past (1913–27; also translated as In Search of Lost Time) by Marcel Proust. The baron, the nephew of Mme de Villeparisis and a member of the influential Guerma... |
73fe2c7c9885202071a3add4e46d00c9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baron-Munchausen | Baron Munchausen | Baron Munchausen
Baron Munchausen, fictional character created by R.E. Raspe, based on the real-life German storyteller Karl Friedrich Hieronymus, Baron (Freiherr) von Münchhausen.
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fff1417c4722f643a6657badcdc1e650 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/barriers-to-entry | Barriers to entry | Barriers to entry
Barriers to entry, in economics, obstacles that make it difficult for a firm to enter a given market. They may arise naturally because of the characteristics of the market, or they may be artificially imposed by firms already operating in the market or by the government.
Natural barriers to entry usu... |
5fc77e4d071a601ccd2d788b1d416726 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Barry-Lyndon-fictional-character | Barry Lyndon | Barry Lyndon
Barry Lyndon, fictional character, the roguish Irish protagonist and narrator of William Makepeace Thackeray’s Barry Lyndon (1844; revised version 1856).
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b578043861553083ca501d7d1196f3cc | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Basel-Committee-on-Banking-Supervision | Basel Committee on Banking Supervision | Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, committee of the Bank for International Settlements, an institution that promotes financial and monetary cooperation among the world’s central banks. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision was created in 1974 as an ongoing forum to disc... |
dda914427ebc763ffd93983c60e752b8 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/BASF-Aktiengesellschaft | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | BASF Aktiengesellschaft
BASF Aktiengesellschaft, (German: BASF Limited-liability Company), German chemical and plastics manufacturing company originally founded in 1865 and today operating in some 30 countries. The BASF Group produces oil and natural gas, chemicals, fertilizers, plastics, synthetic fibres, dyes and p... |
3c3719525bc8f4b9807c2f7da17ce4e2 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Basic-Instinct | Basic Instinct | Basic Instinct
Basic Instinct (1992), a film as controversial as it was successful, was in the same genre as Fatal Attraction and served to pigeonhole Douglas as an actor specializing in violent or sexual fare. Such films as Black Rain (1989), Falling Down (1993), and Disclosure (1994)…
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441e33d60f3ffef585a441ae4a75d0e9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Basic-Law-for-Environmental-Pollution-Control | Basic Law for Environmental Pollution Control | Basic Law for Environmental Pollution Control
…first such overarching law, the Basic Law for Environmental Pollution Control. Not until the end of the 20th century was Minamata declared mercury-free.
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46b0f64b18812e8de3f06f7d76dfe23d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baskets | Baskets | Baskets
…and wrote the television show Baskets, which premiered in 2016 and featured Zach Galifianakis as a rodeo clown; created, wrote, directed, and costarred in the Web series Horace and Pete (2016), about the goings-on at a bar; and cocreated and produced the television show Better Things, which began airing in…
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e18d2da1efb75cded9ffb09222234dd9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bassanio | Bassanio | Bassanio
Bassanio, a noble but penniless Venetian, asks his wealthy merchant friend Antonio for a loan so that Bassanio can undertake a journey to woo the heiress Portia. Antonio, whose money is invested in foreign ventures, borrows the sum from Shylock, a Jewish moneylender, on the…
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9b9e84b495853cb15a58eb75f56864a8 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bastet | Bastet | Bastet
Bastet, also called Bast, ancient Egyptian goddess worshiped in the form of a lioness and later a cat. The daughter of Re, the sun god, Bastet was an ancient deity whose ferocious nature was ameliorated after the domestication of the cat around 1500 bce. She was native to Bubastis in the Nile River delta but al... |
d7b324cbebfde5c8e0ead1b4ca119c44 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bastetani | Bastetani | Bastetani
…mentioned by classical authors, the Bastetani were territorially the most important and occupied the Almería region and mountainous Granada region. The tribes to the west of the Bastetani are usually grouped together as “Tartessian,” after the name Tartessos given to the region by the Greeks. The Turdetani o... |
413d62d686527054f4432b659036adea | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bastille-Day?utm_medium=mendel-homepage&utm_source=4up&utm_campaign=4up-1&utm_term=20200714 | Bastille Day | Bastille Day
Bastille Day, in France and its overseas départements and territories, holiday marking the anniversary of the fall on July 14, 1789, of the Bastille, in Paris. Originally built as a medieval fortress, the Bastille eventually came to be used as a state prison. Political prisoners were often held there, as ... |
8d556bc553eb076fa5dc37f286d64e08 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bath-of-the-Nymphs | Bath of the Nymphs | Bath of the Nymphs
…are the relief of the Bath of the Nymphs (1668–70), perhaps inspired by Jean Goujon’s Fontaine des Innocents, and The Rape of Persephone (1677–79; pedestal completed 1699), in which he challenges comparison with Giambologna’s Rape of the Sabines. The effect of this group is marred by its present sit... |
38f41d2839baea9cf5c8dede306e3f22 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bathers-on-a-Summer-Evening | Bathers on a Summer Evening | Bathers on a Summer Evening
…he completed in that period, Bathers on a Summer Evening (1892–93) attracted the most attention. That large-scale composition of women of various ages and in various stages of undress was exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants in spring 1893, and it shocked the crowds with its eroticism.
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731679d2a136cee6341f9baab8b34ff3 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Batiniyah | Bāṭinīyah | Bāṭinīyah
Bāṭinīyah, Muslim sects—the Ismailis (Arabic: Ismāʿīlīyah), in particular—that interpreted religious texts exclusively on the basis of their hidden, or inner, meanings (Arabic: bāṭin) rather than their literal meanings (ẓāhir). This type of interpretation gained currency about the 8th century among certain ... |
c0168cfef64e9e696fe3ba78b2de1194 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Batman-v-Superman-Dawn-of-Justice | Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice | Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice
…Affleck donned the cowl in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), a joyless portrayal of DC’s two most-recognizable heroes. In spite of harsh reviews from both critics and many fans, the film earned more than \$800 million globally. The LEGO Batman Movie (2017), a spirited comedi... |
ccf23ec7e02006fee83393a8e6e1a107 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/battalion | Battalion | Battalion
Battalion, a tactical military organization composed basically of a headquarters and two or more companies, batteries, or similar organizations and usually commanded by a field-grade officer. The term has been used in nearly every Western army for centuries and has had a variety of meanings. In the 16th and ... |
4d14d9141574880162ec46d18375f762 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Auray | Battle of Auray | Battle of Auray
At the Battle of Auray (Sept. 29, 1364), Charles was killed and his army defeated.
…suffered a severe loss at Auray in September 1364, being taken prisoner after Charles, duc de Blois, whom he was supporting in the War of the Breton Succession, was killed. He was ransomed for 40,000 gold francs. In 1366... |
c120365f275b5e0227be48a2c46d9904 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Benevento | Battle of Benevento | Battle of Benevento
Battle of Benevento, (26 February 1266). This battle was the result of the long-running power struggle in Italy, between the Guelfs (supporters of the papacy) and the Ghibellines (supporters of the Holy Roman Empire). The defeat of Manfred of Sicily marked a triumph for the papacy and all but destr... |
06e4f66735db56966e6c5b45aaa95ed6 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Carchemish | Battle of Carchemish | Battle of Carchemish
Near the time of the Battle of Carchemish, in 605, when the Babylonians decisively defeated the Egyptians and the remnant of the Assyrians, Jeremiah delivered an oracle against Egypt. Realizing that this battle made a great difference in the world situation, Jeremiah soon dictated to his scribe, Ba... |
fa161c1d5bf33698ca451905274e4055 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Dannoura | Battle of Dannoura | Battle of Dannoura
…death in the famous naval Battle of Dannoura (1185) on the Inland Sea in western Japan resulted in the loss of the great sword that was one of the Three Imperial Regalia, the symbols of Imperial authority, supposedly brought to earth when the first Japanese emperor descended from heaven.
…1185 in th... |
a635684d31b23e9abefc26e6fe9003a8 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Dayr-al-Jamajim | Battle of Dayr al-Jamājim | Battle of Dayr al-Jamājim
…superior army of 200,000 at Dayr al-Jamājim, outside Kūfah. Negotiations were initiated by the caliph’s agents, who offered the rebels the dismissal of al-Ḥajjāj, equal pay with their Syrian counterparts, and a governorship for Ibn al-Ashʿath. The Iraqis, however, rejected the proposals and w... |
11531ab8a7b8a701a2f4afee7cf8626f | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Doffingen | Battle of Döffingen | Battle of Döffingen
…of the Swabian League at Döffingen, near Stuttgart. The stipendiaries of the Rhenish League were put to flight by the count palatine Rupert II near Worms on November 6.
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f973205290c5ecd77178d660b240b579 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/battle-of-Durocatalaunum | Battle of Durocatalaunum | Battle of Durocatalaunum
At Durocatalaunum (modern Châlons-sur-Marne, France), in the third engagement, Jovinus inflicted heavy casualties on the Alemanni, securing Gaul for years to come. Meanwhile, in 367, the emperor moved to Ambiani (modern Amiens, France) to be in closer communication with his general Theodosius (... |
e50736346523ca7e0913df08ad068d84 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Edington | Battle of Edington | Battle of Edington
Battle of Edington, (6–12 May 878). The arrival of a Danish "great army" in East Anglia in 865 marked the start of a new phase of Viking attacks on Britain. Previously, the Vikings had come to raid and settle around the coast; this force came to conquer. Only the victory of Alfred the Great at Edin... |
2f9660591c991d761519a069d6faa15e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Five-Forks | Battle of Five Forks | Battle of Five Forks
Battle of Five Forks, (1 April 1865), one of the final major engagements of the American Civil War (1861–65). The lengthy Union siege of Confederate-held Petersburg in Virginia was brought to a close in what has been called the "Waterloo of the Confederacy." Union troops overwhelmed their opponent... |
b212d19a6e4d812a813ec777da284e02 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Hormizdagan | Battle of Hormizdagān | Battle of Hormizdagān
…battle on the plain of Hormizdagān (224), Artabanus was killed.
…met the Parthian army at Hormizdagān (site unknown) in ad 224 and won a decisive victory, slaying Artabanus. Soon after, Ardashīr entered the Parthian capital of Ctesiphon, in Mesopotamia, in triumph and was crowned “king of kings o... |
bbc4a382e6fd285b10ff69e5de1b7887 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Iwo-Jima | Battle of Iwo Jima | Battle of Iwo Jima
Battle of Iwo Jima, (February 19–March 16, 1945), World War II conflict between the United States and the Empire of Japan. The United States mounted an amphibious invasion of the island of Iwo Jima as part of its Pacific campaign against Japan. A costly victory for the United States, the battle was ... |
4191a65dbb3768d34d38825cca240277 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Jarnac | Battle of Jarnac | Battle of Jarnac
…were surprised and defeated near Jarnac on March 13, 1569, by the Duke d’Anjou, the future Henry III, and Condé was killed. Jeanne d’Albret took Henry to the new leader of the Protestant forces, Gaspard de Coligny, who gave the young prince his military education. Henry distinguished himself at the…
…... |
0e8502c6d636f6e0fc7f7150704ed2e1 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Lake-Peipsi | Battle of Lake Peipsi | Battle of Lake Peipsi
…“Battle on the Ice” (Ledovoye Poboishche). His victory (April 5) forced the grand master of the Knights to relinquish all claims to the Russian lands that he had conquered and substantially reduced the Teutonic threat to northwestern Russia.
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88fe0bf263fc2ba7a0e5379548acb44d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Lissa | Battle of Lissa | Battle of Lissa
When the Austrians won the Battle of Lissa from the Italians in 1866 by ramming, its value for the future seemed confirmed. Hence for years most large ships carried rams, which proved to be more dangerous to friend than foe when ships were sunk in peacetime collisions.
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9d34263caa11226a37d8add377cc21a7 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/battle-of-Ludford-Bridge | Battle of Ludford Bridge | Battle of Ludford Bridge
…scattered after a skirmish at Ludford Bridge (October 12). York fled to Ireland, and the Lancastrians, in a packed parliament at Coventry (November 1459), obtained a judicial condemnation of their opponents and executed those on whom they could lay hands.
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26e457215958c718ebdb9d0d09c6d550 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Orsza | Battle of Orsza | Battle of Orsza
…only a major victory at Orsza in 1514 averted a catastrophe. The victory allowed Sigismund I to detach the Habsburgs from Moscow through the Vienna accords of 1515. Providing for dynastic marriages, the accords opened the way for Habsburg succession in Bohemia and Hungary should the Jagiellonians die o... |
5d0fb75b4a86185fe265f86bda6c4560 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Preston-1648 | Battle of Preston | Battle of Preston
Battle of Preston, (17–19 August 1648). In war, victors often fall out among themselves. Two years after the end of the English civil war, the victorious Parliamentary army took on its former allies, the Scots, at Preston. The battle was to become yet another famous victory for Parliamentary command... |
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