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There are life-moments that, like border markers, stand before an expiring time while at the same time clearly pointing out a new direction. In such transitional moments we feel ourselves compelled to observe the past and the future with eagle-eyes of thought, in order to attain consciousness of our actual position. In... | Letter from Marx To his Father by Karl Marx November 1837 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1837-pre/letters/37_11_10.htm |
See overhead the cloud sails, lowering, Around its flanks roar eagle-wings. Stormwards it rushes, fire-sparks showering, Night thoughts from morning's realm it brings. Thought blazes up, so heavy-stupendous, Curse-frenzy batters the vaults of Aether. Blood spurts from eyeball, terror-enormous, Sea-waves spit up at Heav... | Book of verse--Karl Marx | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1837-pre/verse/verse39.htm |
From my dreamings I would coax Soft an image in scent-woven web; I would weave rings passing fair From the locks of my own hair; Night-encompassed, heart's blood I would swell That, from waves of dream, fire-image well, Image, ebbing and a-flowing, Fair in love, Aeolian music sighing. It would soar, all golden shining,... | Book of verse--Karl Marx | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1837-pre/verse/verse40.htm |
There dances a woman by moonlight, She glimmers far into the night, Robe fluttering wild, eyes glittering clear, Like diamonds set in rock-face sheer. | Book of verse--Karl Marx | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1837-pre/verse/verse8.htm |
Bremen, Aug. 28, 1838 Dear Marie, As soon as I saw your letter I realised at once that it was from you although I don t know your handwriting. Because the letter is just like you written in a terrible hurry, everything in a lovely confusion, sermons that are not a bit seriously meant: how are you, your health, news ab... | Letters: Engels Letters 1838 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1838/letters/38_08_28.htm |
[Bremen] September 1 To the Graeber brothers, of Barmen, now in Elberfeld. Acknowledging receipt of the esteemed letter of your Herr F. Graeber, I am taking the liberty to send you a few lines. Thunder and lightning, things are looking up. We will now begin right away with the plastic arts. Namely with my fellow lodge... | Letters: Engels Letters 1838 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1838/letters/38_09_01.htm |
[Bremen] Sept. 11 Dear Marie, Hoping to receive another four-page letter from you, I remain, etc. Yes, you little goose, you shall have four pages but they are according to the saying that with the same measure as you measure will it be measured unto you, [Cf. Matthew 7:2.] and even that is too much for you. For I man... | Letters: Engels Letters 1838 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1838/letters/38_09_11.htm |
[Bremen, September 17-18, 1838] September 17. First the black ink, then the red ink from the beginning again. Carissimi! In vostras epistolers haec vobis sit respondentia. Ego enim quum longiter latine non scripsi, vobis paucum scribero, sed in germanico-italianico-latino. Quae quum ita sint, [My dearest ones, let this... | Letters: Engels Letters 1838 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1838/letters/38_09_17.htm |
Bremen, Oct. 9, 1838 Dear Marie, At last four full pages! Well, I shall have to praise you till you can no longer bear it, as they say. Riding is now over unfortunately, so I am mostly at home on Sundays, but I enjoy myself quite a lot. Either I listen to somebody playing or... or I write, and in the evening we do all ... | Letters: Letters of Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1838/letters/38_10_09.htm |
Bremen, Nov. 13, 1838 Dear Marie, Both your letters gave me very great pleasure and I will see what I can do, time and space permitting, to tell you something. It is now past three o'clock and the letter must be posted by four. But I really don t know anything much to tell you. Nothing out of the ordinary happens here,... | Letters: Letters of Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1838/letters/38_11_13.htm |
[Bremen, end of December 1838] Dear Marie, Well, you really are making a good thing out of being ill, lying in bed most of the time, you lazy-bones. You'll have to get out of that habit. You must be up and about by the time you get this letter, do you hear? Thank you for the nice cigar-box cover. I can assure you that ... | Letters: Letters of Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1838/letters/38_12_31.htm |
As is well known, people understand by this name, held in much ill-repute among the Friends of Light, the two towns of Elberfeld and Barmen, which stretch along the valley for a distance of nearly three hours travel. The purple waves of the narrow river flow sometimes swiftly, sometimes sluggishly between smoky factor... | by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/03/telegraph.htm |
Theodor Hildebrand | To The Bremen Courier by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/04/27.htm |
To Herr Dr. Runkel in Elberfeld Elberfeld, May 6th You have violently attacked me and my Letters from Wuppertal in your newspaper and accused me of deliberate distortion, ignorance of the conditions, personal abuse and even untruths. It does not matter to me that you call me a Young German, for I neither accept the cha... | Open Letter To Dr. Runkel by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/05/09.htm |
In a recent sermon in Elberfeld on Joshua 10:12-13, where Joshua bids the sun stand still, Krummacher advanced the interesting thesis that pious Christians, the Elect, should not suppose from this passage that Joshua was here accommodating himself to the views of the people, but must believe that the earth stands still... | F. W. Krummacher’s Sermon on Joshua by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/05/telegraph.htm |
For some time there have been loud and bitter complaints about the deplorable power of scepticism; here and there one looked gloomily at the toppled edifice of the old faith, anxiously waiting for the clouds covering the sky of the future to break. With a similar feeling of melancholy I laid down the Lieder eines heimg... | From Elberfeld by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/11/elberfeld.htm |
Is it not a great commendation for a book to be a popular book, a book for the German people? Yet this gives us the right to demand a great deal of such a book; it must satisfy all reasonable requirements and its value in every respect must be unquestionable. The popular book has the task of cheering, reviving and ente... | German Volksb�cher by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/11/telegraph.htm |
With these bombastic words Herr Beck approached the German poets ranks, demanding admission; in his eyes the proud awareness of his calling, about his lips an expression of modern world-weariness. Thus he stretched out his hand for the laurel wreath. Two years have passed since then; does the laurel appeasingly cover t... | Karl Beck by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/12/telegraph.htm |
[Bremen] Jan. 7, 1839 Dear Marie, I hope you have now had that tooth extracted or that it was not necessary. The riddle about the pond is very nice but you ought to be able to solve it yourself. Listen, composing is hard work; you have to pay attention to so many things the harmony of the chords and the right progressi... | Letters: Letters of Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/letters/39_01_07.htm |
[Bremen, January 20, 1839] To Fritz Graeber Florida I The Spirit of Earth speaks: II The Seminole speaks: III The White Man speaks: Here is my contribution to the next little party. I saw that there had been one at our place again and I was very sorry that I didn t send anything in for it. Now in reply to your letter. ... | Letters: Letters of Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/letters/39_01_20.htm |
[Bremen, February 19, 1839] Et Tu, Brute? Friderice Graeber, hoc est res quam nunquam de te credideriml Tu jocas ad cartas? passionaliter? 0 Tempores o moria! Res dig.nissima memoria! Unde est tua gloria? [And you too, Brutus? Friedrich Graeber, this is a thing I should never have passionately? O times, O customs! Thin... | Letters: Letters of Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/letters/39_02_19.htm |
Bremen, March 11 1839 Dear Hermann, I request Your Honour not to plague me in future with beginnings of letters such as you learned from Herr Riepe and only permit myself for the moment to remark that it is winter with us every morning and summer every midday. For in the morning the temperature is minus five degrees, w... | Letters: Letters of Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/letters/39_03_11.htm |
Bremen, March 12, 1839 Dear Marie, (Continuation of my letter to Hermann.) The Stadtbote is full of absolute nonsense and I am writing poems about it at the office which ridicule it by always praising it to the skies, just incoherent twaddle, and I send it to the paper signed Th. Hildebrandt and they print it in all in... | Letters: Letters of Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/letters/39_03_12.htm |
[Bremen] April 8 (nisi erro [if I am not mistaken]), 1839 My dearest Fritz, This letter yes, you think you are going to be greatly amused by it, but no, not so much. You, who not only by making me wait so long, but by desecrating the holiest mysteries which ever remained hidden from the human genius, have clouded my vi... | Letters: Letters of Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/letters/39_04_08.htm |
Bremen, April 10, 1839 Dear Marie, Pardon me for not writing to you for so long. Now I'll tell you something nice. On Good Friday, the local Burgomaster, His Magnificence Dr. Groening, died and the election of a new one took place a week ago. The Right Honourable Senator Dr. J. D. Noltenius got the appointment and last... | Letters: Letters of Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/letters/39_04_10.htm |
[Bremen, about April 23-May 1, 1839] Fritz Graeber, I am very busy at present with philosophy and critical theology. When you get to be eighteen years of age and become acquainted with Strauss, the rationalists and the Kirchen-Zeitung then you must either read everything without thinking or begin to doubt your Wupperta... | Letters: Letters of Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/letters/39_04_23.htm |
[Bremen] April 28, 1839 Dear Marie, You too are only going to get a little from me today so that I can get on to my comedy which I want to send you. It is quite true that the gentlemen ate six crates of macaroons. You can believe it or not, just as you like, but there were about 600 people. Serves you right that you've... | Letters: Letters of Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/letters/39_04_28.htm |
[Bremen, about April 28-30, 1839] Guglielmo carissimo! My very dear Wilhelm, I found your letter amongst those of the others and its words were sweet to me. But I cannot accept as either authentic or competent the judgment and the sentence passed by the five students. For it is an act of kindness on my part when I encl... | Letters: Letters of Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/letters/39_04_30.htm |
Bremen, May 23, 1839 Dear Marie, Now I ride out every Sunday in the country with R. Roth. Last Monday we went to Vegesack and Blumenthal and just when we wanted to have a look at the famous Bremer Schweiz (this is a very small strip of land with small sand-hills), an enormous pall of haze came down like a cloud and in ... | Letters: Letters of Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1839/letters/39_05_23.htm |
Among the poetic offspring of the Restoration period, whose powers were not crippled by the electric shocks of the year 1830 and whose fame only became established in the present literary epoch, there are three who are distinguished by a characteristic similarity: Immermann, Chamisso, and Platen. All three possess unus... | Platen by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/02/platen.htm |
There is nothing new under the sun! That is one of those happy pseudo-truths, which were destined to have a most brilliant career, which have passed from mouth to mouth in their triumphal procession round the globe, and after centuries are still often quoted as if they had only just made their appearance in the world. ... | Retrograde Signs of the Times by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/02/telegraph.htm |
One would have thought that after Gutzkow s well-known article in the Jahrbuch der Literatur his opponents would feel moved to equally noble revenge; with the possible exception of K hne, who was really dismissed too superficially here also. But one little knows the egoism of our literature if one expects any such thi... | Modern Literary Life by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/03/literary.htm |
In connection with Anastasius Gr n s application for the post of chamberlain, one is involuntarily reminded of the verses he published two years ago in the Elegante. The poem was entitled Apostasie and concluded: It sounds almost like a premonition. | On Anastasius Gr�n by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/04/grun.htm |
G rres troupe of tight-rope dancers has acquired a valuable recruit in Joel Jacoby. The role of clown was previously performed by Herr Guido G rres, whose jokes, however, were not appreciated by the public; but in his Kampf und Sieg the new member has recently again demonstrated his vocation for this role in surprising... | Joel Jacoby by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/04/jacoby.htm |
Bremen | On the Invention of Printing by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/04/printing.htm |
The day that Luther produced the original text of the New Testament and with this Greek fire burnt to dust and ashes the centuries of the Middle Ages, with their lordly splendour and feudal servitude, with their poetry and lack of thought, that day and the three centuries that followed brought forth, at long last, a t... | Requiem for the German Adelszeitung by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/04/requiem.htm |
Bremen, July As far as I know, no periodical of any note has a permanent correspondent in Bremen, and it could easily be concluded from this consensus gentium [universal opinion] that there is nothing to write about from here. But that is not the case; for have we not a theatre, which only recently had in succession Ag... | Reports from Bremen by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/07/bremen.htm |
Hellas had the good fortune of seeing the nature of her landscape brought to consciousness in the religion of her inhabitants. Hellas is a land of pantheism; all her landscapes are or, at least, were embraced in a harmonious framework. And yet every tree, every fountain, every mountain thrusts itself too much in the fo... | Landscapes by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/07/landscapes.htm |
Bremen, July The Roland was due to leave at six o'clock in the morning. I stood leaning against the wheel-house and looked for familiar faces in the throng of people pushing to get on board the steamer. For today a Sunday outing to Bremerhaven had been arranged, and at reduced prices, so everybody took the opportunity ... | Reports from Bremen by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/08/bremen.htm |
Notes by Engels: * La puente de Mantible. ** El midico de su honra.. *** El principe constante. **** La hija del aire. ***** La vida es sue o. ****** Ma ano do Abril y Mayo. | An Evening by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/08/evening.htm |
We have before us the two sermons which caused the otherwise so pious people of Bremen to prohibit the Elberfeld zealot, F. W. Krummacher, from further officiating by invitation in the Church of St. Ansgarius. If the ordinary sermon in which God is spoken of only as the Father of the World or the highest Being generall... | Two Sermons by F. W. Krummacher by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/09/sermons.htm |
Bremen, September At last once again a topic which extends beyond tea-party gossip, which so excites the entire public of our Free State that everyone takes sides either for or against, and which gives food for thought even to the more serious-minded. The thunderstorm in the sky of our age has struck even in Bremen, th... | Rationalism and Pietism by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/10/bremen.htm |
The Rhine should not be visited only above Cologne, and young Germans particularly should not imitate the travelling John Bull who sits bored in the saloon of the steamer from Rotterdam to Cologne and only comes up on deck here because it is the beginning of his panorama of the Rhine from Cologne to Mainz, or his Guide... | Siegfried's Native Town by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/12/siegfried.htm |
Like the faithful Eckart of the legend, old Arndt stands on the Rhine and warns the youth of Germany, who for many years now have been gazing across to the French Venusberg and the seductive, passionate maidens, the ideas, that beckon from its pinnacles. But the wild youths do not heed the old hero and storm across, a... | Ernst Moritz Arndt by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1841/01/arndt.htm |
With the old year the records of our ecclesiastical controversy may be more or less closed. At least, any future polemical treatises can now no longer count on the public interest which the earlier ones enjoyed; it will not happen again that several editions are sold out in a week. And yet this kind of controversy depe... | Ecclesiastical Controversy by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1841/01/bremen.htm |
The news of Immermann s death was a hard blow for us Rhinelanders, not only because of the poetical but also because of the personal significance of this man, although the latter, even more than the former, was only just beginning to develop. He stood in a special relationship to the younger literary forces which have ... | Immermann's Memorabilien by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1841/04/immermann.htm |
Thank God, we have left Basle behind! Such a barren town, full of frock-coats and cocked hats, philistines and patrician and Methodists, where nothing is fresh and vigorous but the trees around the brick-red cathedral and the colours of Holbein s Passion, which can be seen among other paintings in the library here; suc... | Wanderings in Lombardy by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1841/12/lombardy.htm |
Certainly everyone can only approve of the general trend expressed in the introduction to the instruction: What might immediately arouse some surprise is the date of the law cited; it is dated October 18, 1819. What? Is it perhaps a law which conditions of time made it necessary to repeal? Apparently not; for the censo... | 1842: Prussian Censorship | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1842/02/10.htm |
Berlin, August 19. I am writing to you today to report that there is really nothing to report from here. Heaven knows, it is now the silly season or gherkin time, as they say here. Nothing is happening, absolutely nothing! The Union of the Historical Christ gives no more signs of life than the Union of the Free ; altho... | Berlin Miscellany by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1842/08/19.htm |
I will not fail to draw the attention of the Catholic nobly-born members of the knighthood to a poem which, though written by a commoner, is perhaps for this very reason the more worthy of being preserved as a precious pearl, as a due tribute of bourgeois humility. In the year of grace eighteen hundred and forty-two a ... | Andre� and the High Nobility of Germany by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1842/08/29.htm |
Whether this ill-mannered fantasy of the Augsburger is unselfish or whether this idle trick of its excited imagination is connected with speculation and diplomatic affairs, the reader may decide -- after we have presented the alleged corpus delicti. The Rheinische Zeitung, they say, has printed a communistic essay on B... | Communism and the Augsburg Allgemeine Zeitung | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1842/10/16.htm |
It has always been in some degree surprising to me, ever since I met with English Socialists, to find that most of them are very little acquainted with the social movement going on in different parts of the continent. And yet there are more than half a million of Communists in France, not taking into account the Fourie... | Progress of Social Reform On the Continent by Frederick Engels October 1843 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/10/23.htm |
Germany had her Social Reformers as early as the Reformation. Soon after Luther had begun to proclaim church reform and to agitate the people against spiritual authority, the peasantry of Southern and Middle Germany rose in a general insurrection against their temporal lords. Luther always stated his object to be, to r... | Progress of Social Reform On the Continent by Frederick Engels November 1843 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/11/18.htm |
For Germany, the criticism of religion has been essentially completed, and the criticism of religion is the prerequisite of all criticism. The profane existence of error is compromised as soon as its heavenly oratio pro aris et focis [ speech for the altars and hearths, i.e., for God and country] has been refuted. Man,... | Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right 1844 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/critique-hpr/intro.htm |
This, too, is a revelation, albeit a negative one. It is a truth which at the very least teaches us to see the hollowness of our patriotism, the perverted nature of our state and to hide our faces in shame. I can see you smile and say: what good will that do? Revolutions are not made by shame. And my answer is that sha... | Letters: Letter from Marx to Arnold Ruge | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/letters/43_03-alt.htm |
That, too, is a revelation, although one of the opposite kind. It is a truth which, at least, teaches us to recognise the emptiness of our patriotism and the abnormity of our state system, and makes us hide our faces in shame. You look at me with a smile and ask: What is gained by that? No revolution is made out of sha... | Letters: Letters from the Deutsch-Franz�sische Jahrb�cher by Karl Marx | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/letters/43_03.htm |
However, you have stimulated me. Your theme is by no means exhausted. I am tempted to add a finale and when all is at an end give me your hand and we can start all over again. Let the dead bury the dead and mourn them. In contrast, it is enviable to be the first to enter upon a new life: this shall be our lot. It is tr... | Letters: Letter from Marx to Arnold Ruge | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/letters/43_05-alt.htm |
Nevertheless, you have infected me, your theme is still not exhausted, I want to add the finale, and when everything is at an end, give me your hand, so that we may begin again from the beginning. Let the dead bury their dead and mourn them. On the other hand, it is enviable to be the first to enter the new life alive;... | Letters: Letters from the Deutsch-Franz�sische Jahrb�cher by Karl Marx | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/letters/43_05.htm |
Our enterprise may or may not come about, but in any event I shall be in Paris by the end of the month as the very air here turns one into a serf and I can see no opening for free activity in Germany. In Germany everything is suppressed by force, a veritable anarchy of the spirit, a reign of stupidity itself has come u... | Letters: Letter from Marx to Arnold Ruge | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/letters/43_09-alt.htm |
But whether the enterprise comes into being or not, in any case I shall be in Paris by the end of this month, since the atmosphere here makes one a serf, and in Germany I see no scope at all for free activity. In Germany, everything is forcibly suppressed; a real anarchy of the mind, the reign of stupidity itself, prev... | Letters: Letters from the Deutsch-Franz�sische Jahrb�cher by Karl Marx | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/letters/43_09.htm |
La D mocratie Pacifique. Nr133, December 11, 1843 Issue 28 of Bien public contains the following lines: It is false that Mr. de Lamartine has committed to write for any journal, and particularly not for the one in question, with Mr. de Lamennais. It is true that Mr. de Lamartine did not commit to write for the journal ... | Marx Engels Correspondence. Declaration by Marx 1843 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/letters/43_12_10.htm |
Sir. Seeing the paper from the Times on the Communists in Germany, republished in The New Moral World, I thought it better not to let it pass without some commentatory remarks, which you perhaps will find worth inserting. The Times hitherto enjoyed on the continent the reputation of a well-informed newspaper, but a few... | The Times on German Communism by Frederick Engels January 1844 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/01/13.htm |
Manchester, January 28, 1844 DEAR SIR, In my letter to you in the New Moral World of the 13th instant I committed an error. I considered the correspondent of the Times wrong in naming a M. Constant as a Communist; but since I wrote, I have received some French Communist publications, in which an Abb Constant is named a... | French Communism by Frederick Engels January 1844 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/01/28.htm |
The well-known novel of Eug ne Sue, The Mysteries of Paris, has made a deep impression upon the public mind, especially in Germany; the forcible manner in which this book depicts the misery and demoralisation falling to the share of the lower orders in great cities, could not fail to direct public attention to the stat... | Continental Movements by Frederick Engels January 1844 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/01/30.htm |
This so-called Prussian begins by reporting the contents of the Royal Prussian Order in Council on the subject of the workers uprising in Silesia and goes on to give the opinion of the French journal La Reforme of the same Prussian Order in Council. The Reforme, he says, discerns the origins of the Order in Council i... | Critical Notes on "The King of Prussia"... | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/08/07.htm |
Continental Socialism seems to deserve and to obtain a considerable portion of public attention at present. I forward you a few extracts from a letter addressed me from Barmen in Prussia, by a former contributor to the New Moral World. In Paris, on my way home, I visited a Communist Club of the mystic school. I was int... | Continental Socialism by Frederick Engels September 1844 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/09/20.htm |
Hoping, as I do, that your countrymen will be glad to hear something on the progress of our common cause on this side of the channel, I send you a few lines for your paper. At the same time, I rejoice in being able to show that the German people, though, as usual, rather late in mooting the question of Social Reform, a... | Continental Socialism by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/11/09.htm |
It is remarkable how greatly the upper classes of society, such as the Englishman calls respectable people, or the better sort of people, etc., have intellectually declined and lost their vigour in England. All energy, all activity, all substance are gone; the landed aristocracy goes hunting, the moneyed aristocracy ma... | Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/df-jahrbucher/carlyle.htm |
Paris, April 14, 1844 Karl Marx | Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/df-jahrbucher/closure.htm |
Before I leave for Paris in a few days time I feel obliged to make a brief epistolary approach to you since I have not had the privilege of making your personal acquaintance. You were one of the first writers who expressed the need for a Franco-German scientific alliance. You will, therefore, assuredly be one of the fi... | Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/df-jahrbucher/feuer.htm |
Hence there are only two possibilities. Either the French Government opened and seized your letters and your packet. In which case return the enclosed addresses. We will then not only initiate proceedings against the French Post-Office but, at the same time, publicise this fact in all the opposition papers. In any even... | Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/df-jahrbucher/frobel.htm |
The profane existence of error is discredited after its heavenly oratio pro aris et focis has been disproved. Man, who looked for a superhuman being in the fantastic reality of heaven and found nothing there but the reflection of himself, will no longer be disposed to find but the semblance of himself, only an inhuman... | Contribution To The Critique Of Hegel's Philosophy Of Law [Abstract] | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/df-jahrbucher/law-abs.htm |
This political economy or science of enrichment born of the merchants mutual envy and greed, bears on its brow the mark of the most detestable selfishness. People still lived in the naive belief that gold and silver were wealth, and therefore considered nothing more urgent than the prohibition everywhere of the export ... | Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/df-jahrbucher/outlines.htm |
So, for the worker, the separation of capital, ground rent, and labor, is fatal. For wages, the lowest and the only necessary rate is that required for the subsistence of the worker during work and enough extra to support a family and prevent the race of workers from dying out. According to [economist Adam] Smith, the ... | The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts: 1st | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/epm/1st.htm |
Production does not produce man only as a commodity, the human commodity, man in the form of a commodity; it also produces him as a mentally and physically dehumanized being... Immorality, malformation, stupidity of workers and capitalists... the human commodity... A great advance by Ricardo, Mill, etc., on Smith and S... | The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts: Preface | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/epm/2nd.htm |
The physiocratic doctrine of Dr Quesnay forms the transition from the mercantile system to Adam Smith. Physiocracy is, in a direct sense, the economic dissolution of feudal property, but it is therefore just as directly the economic transformation and restoration of that property. The only real difference is that its l... | The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts: 3rd Manuscript | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/epm/3rd.htm |
I have already given notice in the Deutsch-Franz sische Jahrb cher, the critique of jurisprudence and political science in the form of a critique of the Hegelian Philosophy of Right. In the course of elaboration for publication, the intermingling of criticism directed only against speculation with criticism of the vari... | The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts: Preface | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/epm/preface.htm |
You shall have my article next week. Yours faithfully Marx As is seen from this letter, and that of Engels to Marx written approximately 20 January 1845, Marx intended to write a critical review of Stirner's Der Einzige und sein Eigenthum at the end of December 1844 and originally wanted to publish it in the monthly Vo... | Letters: Marx to Bornstein, Dec 1844 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/letters/44_12_30.htm |
By virtue of positive law. (Say, t. II, p. 4.) What does one acquire with capital, with the inheritance of a large fortune, for instance? Later we shall see first how the capitalist, by means of capital, exercises his governing power over labour, then, however, we shall see the governing power of capital over the capit... | Marx 1844: Profit of Capital | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/capital.htm |
Re the same page. The transcendence of self-estrangement follows the same course as self-estrangement. Private property is first considered only in its objective aspect but nevertheless with labour as its essence. Its form of existence is therefore capital, which is to be annulled as such (Proudhon). Or a particular fo... | Private Property and Communism, Marx, 1844 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/comm.htm |
The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts is an unfinished work and in part a rough draft. A considerable part of the text has not been preserved. What remains comprises three manuscripts, each of which has its own pagination (in Roman figures). The first manuscript contains 27 pages, of which pages I-XII and XVII-XXVII... | Footnotes for Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/footnote.htm |
So powerful was modern German criticism s preoccupation with the past so completely was its development entangled with the subject-matter that here prevailed a completely uncritical attitude to the method of criticising, together with a complete lack of awareness about the apparently formal, but really vital question: ... | Critique of Hegel's Philosophy in General, Marx, 1844 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/hegel.htm |
Political economy starts with the fact of private property; it does not explain it to us. It expresses in general, abstract formulas the material process through which private property actually passes, and these formulas it then takes for laws. It does not comprehend these laws i.e., it does not demonstrate how they ar... | Estranged Labour, Marx, 1844 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/labour.htm |
The need for money is therefore the true need produced by the economic system, and it is the only need which the latter produces. The quantity of money becomes to an ever greater degree its sole effective quality. Just as it reduces everything to its abstract form, so it reduces itself in the course of its own movement... | Human Requirements and Division of Labour, Marx, 1844 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/needs.htm |
By possessing the property of buying everything, by possessing the property of appropriating all objects, money is thus the object of eminent possession. The universality of its property is the omnipotence of its being. It is therefore regarded as an omnipotent being. Money is the procurer between man s need and the ob... | The Power of Money, Marx, 1844 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/power.htm |
It is hardly necessary to assure the reader conversant with political economy that my results have been attained by means of a wholly empirical analysis based on a conscientious critical study of political economy. (Whereas the uninformed reviewer who tries to hide his complete ignorance and intellectual poverty by hur... | Marx's Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/preface.htm |
We have already learnt that the size of the rent depends on the degree of fertility of the land. Another factor in its determination is situation. Now, however, let us consider the rent of land as it is formed in real life. The rent of land is established as a result of the struggle between tenant and landlord. We find... | Marx 1844: Rent of Land | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/rent.htm |
... forms the interest on his capital. The worker is the subjective manifestation of the fact that capital is man wholly lost to himself, just as capital is the objective manifestation of the fact that labour is man lost to himself. But the worker has the misfortune to be a living capital, and therefore an indigent cap... | Marx 1844: Antithesis of Capital and Labour | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/second.htm |
To this enlightened political economy, which has discovered within private property the subjective essence of wealth, the adherents of the monetary and mercantile system, who look upon private property only as an objective substance confronting men, seem therefore to be fetishists, Catholics. Engels was therefore right... | Marx 1844: Third Manuscript | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/third.htm |
The accidental and sudden fluctuations in market price hit rent less than they do that part of the price which is resolved into profit and wages; but they hit profit less than they do wages. In most cases, for every wage that rises, one remains stationary and one falls. Furthermore, the prices of labour are much more c... | Marx 1844: Wages of Labour | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/wages.htm |
Ricardo explains the decline in profit on capital or interest thus: the more capitals grow, even though the kinds of application proliferate as capital does, in terms of the greater difficulty of procuring the first and most necessary means of life. He leaves competition entirely out of play. If capitals understood on... | Notes on Ricardo by Karl Marx 1845 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/01/ricardo.htm |
Since I last addressed you, the cause of Communism has been making the same rapid progress as during the latter part of the year 1844. A short time ago I visited several towns on the Rhine, and everywhere I found that our ideas had gained, and were daily gaining more vantage ground than when I last left those places. E... | Continental Socialism by Frederick Engels | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/03/08.htm |
Having been unable, for a time, from certain causes, to write you on the state of affairs in Germany, I now continue my reports, hoping that they will interest your readers, and follow each other more uninterruptedly than heretofore. I am glad of being enabled to tell you that we are making the same rapid and steady pr... | Rapid Progress of Communism in Germany by Frederick Engels 1845 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/05/10.htm |
Working Men! To you I dedicate a work, in which I have tried to lay before my German Countrymen a faithful picture of your condition, of your sufferings and struggles, of your hopes and prospects. I have lived long enough amidst you to know something about your circumstances; I have devoted to their knowledge my most s... | To The Working-Classes of Great-Britain | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/condition-working-class/ch00.htm |
The book prefaced by the following pages treats of a subject which I originally intended to deal with in a single chapter of a more comprehensive work on the social history of England. However, the importance of that subject soon made it necessary for me to investigate it separately. The condition of the working-class ... | Preface | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/condition-working-class/ch01.htm |
The history of the proletariat in England begins with the second half of the last century, with the invention of the steam-engine and of machinery for working cotton. These inventions gave rise, as is well known, to an industrial revolution, a revolution which altered the whole civil society; one, the historical import... | Introduction | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/condition-working-class/ch02.htm |
The order of our investigation of the different sections of the proletariat follows naturally from the foregoing history of its rise. The first proletarians were connected with manufacture, were engendered by it, and accordingly, those employed in manufacture, in the working up of raw materials, will first claim our at... | The Industrial Proletariat | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/condition-working-class/ch03.htm |
A town, such as London, where a man may wander for hours together without reaching the beginning of the end, without meeting the slightest hint which could lead to the inference that there is open country within reach, is a strange thing. This colossal centralisation, this heaping together of two and a half millions of... | The Great Towns | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/condition-working-class/ch04.htm |
We have seen in the introduction how competition created the proletariat at the very beginning of the industrial movement by increasing the wages of weavers in consequence of the increased demand for woven goods, so inducing the weaving peasants to abandon their farms and earn more money by devoting themselves to their... | Competition | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/condition-working-class/ch05.htm |
We have already referred several times in passing to the Irish who have immigrated into England; and we shall now have to investigate more closely the causes and results of this immigration. The rapid extension of English industry could not have taken place if England had not possessed in the numerous and impoverished ... | Irish Immigration | https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/condition-working-class/ch06.htm |
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