Update README.md
Browse files
README.md
CHANGED
|
@@ -1,3 +1,121 @@
|
|
| 1 |
-
---
|
| 2 |
-
license: cc-by-4.0
|
| 3 |
-
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
+
---
|
| 2 |
+
license: cc-by-4.0
|
| 3 |
+
---
|
| 4 |
+
# 📰 multiCred: A Dataset of News Organization Credibility on Twitter
|
| 5 |
+
|
| 6 |
+
**multiCred** is a research dataset collected and used in the paper
|
| 7 |
+
> **“Multilevel User Credibility Assessment in Social Networks.”**
|
| 8 |
+
|
| 9 |
+
It contains Twitter (X) accounts belonging to **news organizations** and their associated **tweet and comment IDs**.
|
| 10 |
+
The dataset is designed to support studies in **media credibility**, **information reliability**, and **news dissemination patterns** on social media.
|
| 11 |
+
|
| 12 |
+
This dataset follows the [Twitter Developer Agreement and Policy](https://developer.twitter.com/en/developer-terms/policy).
|
| 13 |
+
It includes only **Tweet IDs** and **User IDs** — no tweet text, usernames, or personal data are shared.
|
| 14 |
+
|
| 15 |
+
---
|
| 16 |
+
## 🧩 Dataset Summary
|
| 17 |
+
|
| 18 |
+
| Aspect | Description |
|
| 19 |
+
|---------|--------------|
|
| 20 |
+
| **Paper** | *Multilevel User Credibility Assessment in Social Networks* |
|
| 21 |
+
| **Entities** | 1,233 Twitter accounts belonging to news organizations |
|
| 22 |
+
| **Fields per entry** | `user`, `tweets`, `comments`, `label_available` |
|
| 23 |
+
| **Data Type** | Tweet and User IDs only |
|
| 24 |
+
| **Labels** | Some accounts have credibility labels from NewsGuard (not publicly shared) |
|
| 25 |
+
| **Language** | Various (depending on the organization) |
|
| 26 |
+
| **License** | CC BY-NC 4.0 |
|
| 27 |
+
| **Use Case** | Research on news credibility, media bias, and misinformation |
|
| 28 |
+
|
| 29 |
+
---
|
| 30 |
+
## 💾 Data Structure
|
| 31 |
+
|
| 32 |
+
Each entry in `multiCred.json` follows this structure:
|
| 33 |
+
|
| 34 |
+
```json
|
| 35 |
+
{
|
| 36 |
+
"user": "1234567890",
|
| 37 |
+
"tweets": ["111111111111111111", "222222222222222222"],
|
| 38 |
+
"comments": ["333333333333333333", "444444444444444444"],
|
| 39 |
+
"label_available": true
|
| 40 |
+
}
|
| 41 |
+
```
|
| 42 |
+
|
| 43 |
+
---
|
| 44 |
+
# 📰 Dataset Composition
|
| 45 |
+
|
| 46 |
+
- **Accounts:** 1,233 verified or recognized news organizations
|
| 47 |
+
- **Tweets:** IDs of posts authored by these organizations
|
| 48 |
+
- **Comments:** IDs of replies directed at those accounts
|
| 49 |
+
- **Labels:** Some organizations are labeled according to NewsGuard’s credibility ratings (labels not publicly released)
|
| 50 |
+
|
| 51 |
+
---
|
| 52 |
+
# ⚖️ Ethical and Legal Considerations
|
| 53 |
+
|
| 54 |
+
- All accounts represent institutional, public news outlets, **not private individuals**.
|
| 55 |
+
- Only **Tweet IDs** and **User IDs** are shared — no tweet text, usernames, bios, or images.
|
| 56 |
+
- The dataset fully complies with:
|
| 57 |
+
- Twitter Developer Policy
|
| 58 |
+
- NewsGuard Terms of Use
|
| 59 |
+
|
| 60 |
+
---
|
| 61 |
+
# 🔒 Access to Credibility Labels
|
| 62 |
+
|
| 63 |
+
- A portion of this dataset includes credibility labels derived from NewsGuard.
|
| 64 |
+
- Due to copyright restrictions, these labels **cannot be publicly shared**.
|
| 65 |
+
- Researchers interested in accessing the labeled subset may contact for **non-commercial, academic research purposes**.
|
| 66 |
+
|
| 67 |
+
**Contact:** [mohammad.moradi9775@gmail.com]
|
| 68 |
+
Please include your affiliation and intended use.
|
| 69 |
+
|
| 70 |
+
---
|
| 71 |
+
# 🧰 How to Rehydrate Tweets
|
| 72 |
+
|
| 73 |
+
You can rehydrate Profile IDs, Tweet IDs and IDs of replies to obtain profile, tweet text and their metadata using tools like twarc2 and snscrape.
|
| 74 |
+
|
| 75 |
+
# 🧠 Intended Uses
|
| 76 |
+
|
| 77 |
+
- Studying news credibility and trustworthiness on social media
|
| 78 |
+
- Modeling information diffusion from credible vs. non-credible sources
|
| 79 |
+
- Developing and evaluating automatic credibility assessment systems
|
| 80 |
+
|
| 81 |
+
---
|
| 82 |
+
# 🚫 Limitations
|
| 83 |
+
|
| 84 |
+
- The dataset does **not include tweet text or NewsGuard ratings**
|
| 85 |
+
- Some accounts may be inactive or removed since data collection
|
| 86 |
+
- NewsGuard data remains proprietary and **cannot be redistributed**
|
| 87 |
+
- Tweet IDs may no longer resolve if the tweet or account has been deleted
|
| 88 |
+
- Labels are only available for a subset of accounts and must be requested separately
|
| 89 |
+
|
| 90 |
+
---
|
| 91 |
+
# 🪪 License
|
| 92 |
+
|
| 93 |
+
- **License:** CC BY-NC 4.0
|
| 94 |
+
- You may share and adapt the dataset for **non-commercial research** with proper attribution, and in full compliance with Twitter and NewsGuard policies
|
| 95 |
+
|
| 96 |
+
---
|
| 97 |
+
# 🧾 Citation
|
| 98 |
+
|
| 99 |
+
Please cite both the dataset and the original paper:
|
| 100 |
+
|
| 101 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 102 |
+
@dataset{multicred_2025,
|
| 103 |
+
author = {Mohammad Moradi},
|
| 104 |
+
title = {multiCred: A Dataset of News Organization Credibility on Twitter},
|
| 105 |
+
year = {2025},
|
| 106 |
+
publisher = {Hugging Face Datasets},
|
| 107 |
+
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/mamad97/MultiCred-Dataset}
|
| 108 |
+
}
|
| 109 |
+
|
| 110 |
+
@article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2309-13305,
|
| 111 |
+
author = {Mohammad Moradi and
|
| 112 |
+
Mostafa Haghir Chehreghani},
|
| 113 |
+
title = {Multilevel User Credibility Assessment in Social Networks},
|
| 114 |
+
journal = {CoRR},
|
| 115 |
+
volume = {abs/2309.13305},
|
| 116 |
+
year = {2025},
|
| 117 |
+
url = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.13305},
|
| 118 |
+
doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2309.13305},
|
| 119 |
+
}
|
| 120 |
+
```
|
| 121 |
+
|