PQA_test.tsv

question	answer	choices	type	id
Sedate the pig with midazolam (____ mg/kg, i.m.) and atropine (0.04 mg/kg, i.m.).	0.3	['0.2', '0.3', '0.5', '0.1', '0.4']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000000
Dissolve tacrolimus tablets in hot water to create a ____ mg/mL solution.	25	['10', '15', '25', '30', '20']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000001
Centrifuge the tubes at ____ rpm for 5 min at room temperature.	1,400	['1,200', '1,300', '1,500', '1,400', '1,600']	operation	TEST-PQA-000002
Administer ______ focus forming units (FFU) of ZIKV in 50uL subcutaneously (SC) via the footpad.	1×10⁵	['1×10⁶', '1×10⁵', '1×10⁷', '1×10³', '1×10⁴']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000003
Prepare sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) assuming that ______ mL per mouse of PBS for each perfusion is needed.	25-30	['25-30', '30-35', '20-25', '10-15', '35-40']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000004
Using the scissors and forceps, ______ the animal through the chest cavity to expose the heart.	open	['cut', 'clean', 'close', 'open', 'sew']	operation	TEST-PQA-000005
Seed ____ BMDM in 145 mm dishes with 30 ml BMDM+ PS media, 3 plates for each bacterial strain being analyzed.	2.0×10^7	['1.0×10^7', '1.0×10^6', '2.0×10^7', '1.5×10^7', '5.0×10^6']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000006
At 1 h post infection, add 30ul of ____ (1:1,000) to kill extracellular bacteria.	gentamicin	['tetracycline', 'streptomycin', 'ampicillin', 'gentamicin', 'penicillin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000007
Using a cell scraper, ____ and lyse cells by pushing the liquid in front of the scraper.	scrape	['wash', 'freeze', 'cut', 'scrape', 'heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000008
Dilute VLP and recombinant virus samples into PBS or citrate-phosphate buffer to obtain concentrations between ____ mg/ml.	0.1-0.24	['0.15-0.25', '0.05-0.10', '0.2-0.3', '0.1-0.24', '0.3-0.4']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000009
Thaw out concentrated 5,000x ____ stored at -20°C to room temperature before every reaction setup.	SYPRO Orange	['SYPRO Orange', 'SYPRO Blue', 'SYPRO Yellow', 'SYPRO Green', 'SYPRO Red']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000010
Conduct assays with a temperature ramping from 30 to 99°C, increasing 1 degree every ____ minute.	1	['5', '0.5', '1', '3', '2']	operation	TEST-PQA-000011
Add 1.0ml of the sample containing ____ ug of antibody to the beads.	50-100	['50-100', '100-150', '75-125', '150-200', '25-50']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000012
Dissolve the amine-reactive fluorescent dyes (AlexaFluor 532-SE) at 10mg/ml by adding 100ul of ____ to 1.0 mg of dye.	Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)	['Acetone', 'Methanol', 'Water', 'Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)', 'Ethanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000013
Mix sample for 60 min at RT using a ____ mixer or end-over-end mixer.	vortex	['freeze', 'stir', 'shake', 'vortex', 'boil']	operation	TEST-PQA-000014
Inoculate 5ml LB with ______ ampicillin (or other appropriate antibiotic for your culture) with cells.	100ug/ml	['100ug/ml', '200ug/ml', '75ug/ml', '150ug/ml', '50ug/ml']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000015
Mix 800ul culture with 200ul 100% w/v ______ in sterile screw cap freezer tube.	glycerol	['sucrose', 'glycerol', 'ethanol', 'water', 'PBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000016
______ the tube a few times to mix the culture and glycerol.	Invert	['Spin', 'Invert', 'Shake', 'Vortex', 'Heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000017
Place the rat on a circulating water blanket maintained at ____°C and check reflexes with a toe pinch to ensure that there is a withdrawal reflex.	37	['45', '40', '37', '30', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000018
Fill two PE50 polyethylene cannulas with 1 U/mL heparin in isotonic ______ solution to prevent clotting and to maintain patency of the catheters.	NaCl	['NaCl', 'H₂O', 'CaCl₂', 'MgCl₂', 'KCl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000019
Under the dissecting microscope, use a Dremel tool or a dental drill with a 2.15:mm drill bit to ______ a small area of bone in the parietal area over the left or right somatosensory cortex.	thin	['thin', 'cut', 'polish', 'drill', 'clean']	operation	TEST-PQA-000020
Add 1 mL of trypsin-EDTA (____%) and incubate at 37°C for 2-3 min for cell detachment.	0.05	['0.10', '0.05', '1.00', '0.50', '0.01']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000021
After cell detachment, add 4 mL of DMEM without phenol red containing HEPES buffer, supplemented with 10% (v/v) charcoal-stripped ____.	fetal bovine serum	['fetal bovine serum', 'goat serum', 'horse serum', 'bovine serum albumin', 'albumin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000022
Incubate both solutions at room temperature (RT) for 5 min. Then, gently ____ solution A to solution B and incubate 20 min at RT.	add	['stir', 'mix', 'add', 'cool', 'heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000023
Grow the maize seedlings under long-day conditions (16 h light, 8 h dark) at ____°C for 3 days.	25	['35', '20', '40', '25', '30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000024
MMG solution is prepared by adding 5.47 g of mannitol, 200 µL of 1 M MES, pH 5.7, and 750 µL of 1 M ____ to a 50 mL centrifuge tube.	MgCl₂	['KCl', 'CaCl₂', 'H₂O', 'NaCl', 'MgCl₂']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000025
Using a new razor blade, ____ the leaves from the distal end perpendicular to the veins into thin (0.5–1 mm) slices.	cut	['cut', 'shake', 'stir', 'boil', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000026
Prepare MNT buffer by dissolving 470mg Tris Hydrochloride, 390mg MES hydrate, and 580mg NaCl in 80 ml ddH₂O. Adjust the buffer to pH ____ and bring it to a final volume of 100ml with ddH₂O.	7.4	['8.0', '5.0', '6.4', '7.4', '7.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000027
Prepare 50% glycerol solution in dH₂O and stir well until the glycerol is homogenously mixed. Filter the solution through a Steritop filter unit with a pore size of ____ µm.	0.22	['0.45', '0.50', '1.00', '0.22', '0.10']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000028
Add 3 ml 15% glycerol solution into ultra-clear centrifugation tubes by using a 5ml syringe and a needle (21 G, 9 cm long). Carefully ____ the solution to avoid leaving drops at the inner wall of the tube.	place	['boil', 'shake', 'stir', 'mix', 'place']	operation	TEST-PQA-000029
Amplify the zebra finch miR-9 gene from the genomic DNA using PCR (denaturing: 95°C/10 sec; annealing: ____°C/25 sec; and extension: 72°C/25 sec; 40 cycles).	54	['65', '55', '60', '50', '54']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000030
Plate the transformed Stbl3 cells onto LB agar plate with ______ (100 mg/ml).	Ampicillin	['Kanamycin', 'Ampicillin', 'Chloramphenicol', 'Tetracycline', 'Streptomycin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000031
Add solution B to solution A ______ while gently shaking the transfection mix (A+B).	dropwise	['vigorously', 'carelessly', 'slowly', 'dropwise', 'quickly']	operation	TEST-PQA-000032
Pellet the cells by centrifugation at ____× g for 3 min.	250	['100', '200', '150', '300', '250']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000033
Rinse HUVECs once with 5 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), followed by incubating the cells with ____% trypsin for 2 min in the incubator.	0.5	['0.25', '0.75', '0.1', '0.5', '1.0']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000034
Gently ____ the flask to detach the cells.	tap	['spin', 'tap', 'shake', 'stir', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000035
Place the reaction in a thermocycler and incubate at ____°C for 30 min and then denature at 95°C for 5 min.	37	['60', '37', '50', '25', '42']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000036
Add 400ul of ____ to the reaction and recover cells at 37°C with shaking at 225 RPM for 90 min.	SOC	['SOC', 'LB', 'H₂O', 'PBS', 'TE buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000037
Centrifuge the culture for 10 min at 3,000×g in a 50ml Falcon tube, then ____ the supernatant and resuspend the pellet in 500ul SOC media.	discard	['discard', 'mix', 'heat', 'freeze', 'filter']	operation	TEST-PQA-000038
Culture Ramos B cells in RPMI-medium at a density of ____ cells/mL at 37°C and 5% CO₂.	3-10×10⁶	['3-10×10⁶', '1-5×10⁶', '10-20×10⁶', '2-8×10⁶', '5-15×10⁶']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000039
Resuspend cells in medium containing RPMI 1640, 10% heat-inactivated FCS, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100U/mL penicillin, 100U/mL streptomycin, and ____.	50uM 2-mercaptoethanol	['1mM DTT', '100uM EDTA', '50uM 2-mercaptoethanol', '5mM NaCl', '10uM H₂O₂']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000040
Carefully ____ the glass FACS tube into the device and connect it to the flow cytometer.	insert	['freeze', 'heat', 'insert', 'shake', 'centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000041
Prepare a serial dilution of the antigen (NIP-HSA or DNP-HSA) in release buffer and warm at ____°C.	37	['25', '30', '50', '42', '37']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000042
Add 50ul of ____ substrate (50mM 4-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide prepared in DMSO diluted down to 2 mM by adding it to citrate buffer) to all the wells.	β-hexosaminidase	['β-hexosaminidase', 'citric acid', 'Tris-HCl', 'Triton X-100', 'sodium acetate']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000043
Incubate the plates at 37°C for ____ to facilitate the conversion of the substrate to 4-nitrophenol.	2hr	['4hr', '30min', '3hr', '1hr', '2hr']	operation	TEST-PQA-000044
Adjust proteins to ____ or 400 u/m L whenever possible, and dilute stocks with 80% glycerol for long-term storage in cryogenic vials at -20°C.	200	['500', '600', '200', '300', '100']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000045
Spot proteins with quill-type spotting pins onto ____ slides at 60% humidity to prevent dehydration of the protein spots.	epoxysilane	['gold', 'epoxysilane', 'glass', 'polylysine', 'nitrocellulose']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000046
Form the microbead-protein complexes by incubating the Fc-tagged query and the Cy5-IgG with protein A microbeads and ____ on a tube rotator in PBS for 30 min at room temperature protected from light.	mix	['mix', 'heat', 'centrifuge', 'stir', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000047
Plate the cells onto Luria Bertani Potassium (LBK) agar containing ______ carbenicillin for selection.	100μg/ml	['100μg/ml', '50μg/ml', '250μg/ml', '150μg/ml', '200μg/ml']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000048
Induce overexpression of MdtM by addition of ______ to the culture.	0.1%W/v L-(+)-arabinose	['0.5%W/v glucose', '1.0%W/v sucrose', '0.3%W/v fructose', '0.2%W/v lactose', '0.1%W/v L-(+)-arabinose']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000049
Decant the resuspended cells into a 100ml beaker containing a stir bar, place on a magnetic stirrer and ______ in a cold room at 4°C for 20 min.	stir	['boil', 'freeze', 'shake', 'centrifuge', 'stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000050
House zebrafish embryos in 100 mm×15 mm Petri dishes, immersed in blue E3, with no more than ____ embryos per Petri dish.	50	['25', '150', '75', '50', '100']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000051
At 72 hpf, carefully check all Petri dishes and remove chorion fragments from hatched embryos. Change blue E3 media to ____ media.	standard E3	['blue E3', 'standard E3', 'system water', 'methylene blue', 'distilled water']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000052
Gently fill a flat-bottom square-well 96-well plate with 600~uL of E3 medium per well using a ____.	12-channel pipette	['disposable transfer pipette', '12-channel pipette', 'reagent reservoir', 'seal applicator', 'stereo microscope']	operation	TEST-PQA-000053
Maintain animals in an environmentally-controlled facility with a ____ light:dark cycle and provide free access to food and water.	14h:10h	['16h:8h', '12h:12h', '10h:14h', '14h:10h', '18h:6h']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000054
Prepare a transfection mix using ______.	Lipofectamine 2000	['Trypsin', 'Lipofectamine 2000', 'PBS', 'Opti-MEM', 'Fetal Bovine Serum']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000055
Flush uteri with M2 medium from the cervical end using an 18-gauge needle connected to a 1 mL syringe and ______ the flushed exudate in a well of a 12-well tissue culture plate.	collect	['discard', 'incubate', 'filter', 'centrifuge', 'collect']	operation	TEST-PQA-000056
Incubate the iBAT tissues for ____ minutes at 37°C with continuous gentle shaking at 800 rpm.	45	['120', '30', '90', '45', '60']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000057
Resuspend the pellet in 1 mL of culture medium (DMEM-F12 with 10% FBS, 1% antibiotic antimycotic, pH 7.2) and ____% penicillin/streptomycin.	1	['5', '2', '1', '10', '0.5']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000058
Mechanically disrupt the tissue suspension in collagenase type II digestion buffer by ____ up and down using a P1,000 micropipette and filtered tips.	pipetting	['stirring', 'shaking', 'vortexing', 'pipetting', 'centrifuging']	operation	TEST-PQA-000059
Add ____ mL of growth media (RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS) using a 5 mL serological pipette and transfer the cell suspension to a 15 mL conical tube.	4	['4', '5', '2', '3', '6']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000060
Dissolve D-luciferin in Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) to a final concentration of ____ mg/mL in a tissue culture hood.	15	['30', '20', '10', '25', '15']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000061
Carefully inject 20uL of cancer cell suspension using a 1 mL insulin syringe with a 28.5G needle into the fat pad under direct vision through the wound. Keep holding the needle in the fat pad for ____ seconds prior to pulling it out.	5	['7', '5', '4', '3', '6']	operation	TEST-PQA-000062
Customize program to fabricate pipettes with bath resistance of ______ MΩ.	18-26	['18-26', '25-35', '15-20', '10-15', '20-30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000063
Seed IMCD-3 cells on cover slips in 24-well culture plate and add 1 ml of ______ media.	DMEM	['OPTI-MEM', 'PBS', 'DMEM', 'RPMI', 'FBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000064
Carefully ______ pipette tip using microforge.	polish	['cut', 'break', 'heat', 'polish', 'clean']	operation	TEST-PQA-000065
Prepare a base perfusate composed of 0.96% KrebsHenseleit Buffer, 9.915 mM Dextran, 25m M sodium bicarbonate, 1.054mM bovine serum albumin, 1% Pen Strep, 0.13% insulin, 0.02% hydrocortisone, 0.5% heparin, and ____ calcium chloride. Bring the volume to 4 L using distilled water.	2.75m M	['1.5m M', '1.75m M', '2.75m M', '2.0m M', '3.0m M']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000066
Sedate animals with an intramuscular injection of atropine (0.04m g/k g), telazol (4.4mg/kg), and ______ (2.2m g/k g).	xylazine	['heparin', 'propofol', 'ketamine', 'xylazine', 'fentanyl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000067
Insert a chisel at the caudal aspect of the sternum. While applying skyward force to the chisel, use a ______ to advance the chisel through the sternal bone.	mallet	['mallet', 'forceps', 'drill', 'scalpel', 'hammer']	operation	TEST-PQA-000068
Add 2.5ul of 100m g/m l bovine serum albumin (BSA) in 1× phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to the hydrophilic zone on the conjugate layer. Allow it to dry at room temperature for 2 min and then at ____°C for 5 min.	65	['80', '50', '65', '37', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000069
Tape lateral channel layer onto an acrylic frame such that the hydrophilic zone to be treated is suspended and not in contact with the frame. Add 10ul of blocking agent (____) to treat the lateral channel.	non-fat milk and 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20 in 1x PBS	['MgCl₂', 'non-fat milk and 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20 in 1x PBS', 'BSA in 1x PBS', 'colloidal gold nanoparticles', 'H₂O']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000070
Place the partially assembled device into a protective slip and firmly affix the layers together using a ____.	laminator	['laminator', 'scissors', 'oven', 'light box', 'printer']	operation	TEST-PQA-000071
Autoclave pouches for ____ minutes at 121°C.	15	['25', '10', '15', '20', '30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000072
Pre-coat slides with ____ at 100 u/ml by using enough volume to cover the entire well.	poly-D-lysine	['poly-D-lysine', 'fibronectin', 'Triton-X', 'PBS', 'poly-L-lysine']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000073
After 1 hr, aspirate the leftover solution and wash twice by pipetting ____ with 1× PBS.	up and down	['vigorously', 'in a circular motion', 'side to side', 'gently', 'up and down']	operation	TEST-PQA-000074
Maintain animals under controlled standard conditions with a temperature of ____°C.	24	['26', '20', '28', '24', '22']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000075
During the preshift sessions, one group has access to a large reward such as a ____ sucrose solution.	32%	['4%', '20%', '25%', '32%', '10%']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000076
Before each session, allow the rats ____ minutes in their home cages to settle down.	15	['15', '5', '10', '30', '20']	operation	TEST-PQA-000077
Centrifuge the cell suspension in a swing-out rotor at ____× for 20 min at RT.	700	['600', '900', '800', '700', '500']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000078
Plunge the tissue clumps into a 50 ml centrifuge tube filled with ice-cold sterile Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10 mM Glutamine, 0.05 mg/ml Gentamicin, and 1% ______.	Antibiotic-Antimycotic mix	['Antibiotic-Antimycotic mix', 'Calcium Carbonate', 'Potassium Phosphate', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Magnesium Sulfate']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000079
Using the plunger end of a plastic syringe, smoothly ______ the tissue fragments through the cell strainer.	squeeze	['freeze', 'boil', 'squeeze', 'shake', 'stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000080
Seed 150mm dishes with 8-9×10^6 BHK or C6/36 cells in 15ml of complete ____.	MEM	['HNE', 'VP-SFM', 'MEM', 'Ammonium acetate', 'PBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000081
Grow BHK cells at ____°C in 5% CO2 and C6/36 cells at 28°C in 5% CO2 for 2-4 days until cells are >95% confluent.	37	['28', '25', '37', '50', '42']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000082
Rock for 1h at speed control of 25 (on Reliable model 55 rocker) at room temperature so the virus has time to ____ and enter into cells.	adhere	['adhere', 'evaporate', 'crystallize', 'denature', 'dissolve']	operation	TEST-PQA-000083
Shift the cultures to various temperatures to control the rate of development. Animals will start to become sterile at temperatures higher than ____°C.	25	['30', '20', '22', '28', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000084
Prepare dissecting buffer: Mix 1 µL of 10% Tween 20, 12 µL of 100m M ______, 10uL of 10× M9, and 77 µL of ddH2O.	levamisole	['NaCl', 'ethanol', 'PFA', 'MgCl₂', 'levamisole']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000085
With the other hand, firmly grip a razor, and slide the razor's edge down the slide to ______ the coverslip off and away from the sample.	flick	['pull', 'cut', 'twist', 'flick', 'push']	operation	TEST-PQA-000086

To prepare agarose aliquots, add 2 g low-melt agarose to ____ mL of autoclaved tap water.	200	['200', '100', '250', '300', '150']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000087

Prepare a 6-well plate by filling the B1 and B2 wells with 7 mL of autoclaved tap water and 1 mL of ______ solution.	sodium hypochlorite	['sodium bicarbonate', 'sodium hydroxide', 'sodium chloride', 'sodium phosphate', 'sodium hypochlorite']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000088

Transfer 50 µL of agarose to a 1.5 mL reaction tube and add 0.5 µL of fluorescent microsphere solution. ______ at 1,400 rpm for 1 min.	Mix	['Stir', 'Mix', 'Cool', 'Shake', 'Heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000089

RNA should always be handled carefully and kept in ____ unless otherwise specified to minimize degradation while handling.	ice	['water', 'ethanol', 'ice', 'liquid nitrogen', 'room temperature']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000090

Utmost care should be taken to preserve the integrity of RNA at all stages. This includes working with RNase free deionised water, using RNase free plasticware, and cleaning all instruments that come in contact with the FFPE blocks with RNase decontamination ____.	reagents	['buffers', 'solutions', 'chemicals', 'solvents', 'reagents']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000091

Invert the cartridge 5x to mix reagents and gently ____ on the bench to reduce air bubbles.	tap	['stir', 'vortex', 'spin', 'tap', 'shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-000092

Connect the outlet port of the high shear homogenizer to the inlet port of an in-line heat exchanger maintained at ____°C.	4	['4', '6', '8', '10', '2']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000093

Place 20 of GMP 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) and 10 of cholesterol in the base of the HCT. Add 1 L of ____ to the HCT and hand stir for 1 min.	PlasmaLyte A	['Distilled Water', 'Saline Solution', 'Ethanol', 'Phosphate Buffer', 'PlasmaLyte A']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000094

To begin manufacture of the LOMs, turn on the in-line high shear homogenizer to 7,500 rpm. Immediately thereafter, turn on oxygen flow to the inlet portion of the homogenizer at 0.5 LPM. Keep the single stage mixer (in the HCT) on at ____ rpm.	3,500	['3,500', '2,000', '4,000', '2,500', '3,000']	operation	TEST-PQA-000095

Thaw N-2 Supplement and B-27 Supplement at room temperature (RT, ____°C) for 2-4h or in the fridge (4°C) overnight.	20-22	['22-25', '15-18', '18-20', '20-22', '25-30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000096

Detach cells from the plate using ______.	Accutase	['Trypsin', 'PBS', 'Accutase', 'DPBS', 'Matrigel']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000097

Add new sm+ medium and ______ cell formations by pipetting.	shred	['detach', 'incubate', 'centrifuge', 'shred', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000098

Pellet cells by centrifugation at ____×g for 10 minutes.	93-218	['93-218', '50-100', '200-300', '300-400', '400-500']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000099

Add 100 ng/ml ultrapure E. coli K235 ____ to each tube to be used to measure TLR4 internalization.	LPS	['PFA', 'PBS', 'LPS', 'MgCl₂', 'FACS buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000100

____ cells in a pre-cooled swing bucket by centrifuging at 112-264 x g for 5-10 minutes.	Pellet	['Wash', 'Resuspend', 'Pellet', 'Fix', 'Stain']	operation	TEST-PQA-000101

Add collagenase I (____mg/30mL) into solution D.	5	['3', '6', '5', '4', '2']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000102

Add albumin V (____/50mL) into solution E.	0.65	['1.00', '0.75', '1.25', '0.50', '0.65']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000103

Anesthetize the mouse by intramuscular injection of tiletamine (60mg/kg), zolazepam (60mg/kg), and xylazine (____mg/kg).	4.5	['5.0', '4.0', '6.0', '4.5', '3.0']	operation	TEST-PQA-000104

Incubate the digested pRGEB31 vector at ____°C for 2-4h.	37	['50', '42', '60', '37', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000105

Add 200~ul of heated (60°C) ____ buffer to the tube for genomic DNA extraction.	CTAB	['SDS', 'PBS', 'CTAB', 'EDTA', 'Tris']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000106

After adding chloroform, ____ the mixture and incubate in an end-to-top rocker at room temperature for 20min.	vortex	['vortex', 'boil', 'centrifuge', 'shake', 'stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000107

Incubate cells at ____°C with 5% CO2 for 2 hours, rocking every 30 minutes to spread the inocula evenly across the dish.	37	['37', '40', '30', '45', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000108

Inactivate the virus and decontaminate equipment using 70% ethanol or 10% ____ solutions.	Bleach	['Bleach', 'Hydrochloric Acid', 'Formaldehyde', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Ethanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000109

Transfer equal volumes of cleared supernatants to Beckman Ultra-Clear ultracentrifuge tubes and ____ virus particles by ultracentrifugation at 25,000 rpm (50,000xg) for 2 hours at 4°C.	pellet	['dissolve', 'pellet', 'centrifuge', 'wash', 'filter']	operation	TEST-PQA-000110

Add 1ml of 30% household bleach solution supplemented with 20ul of 5% v/v ______ and shake for 15min.	sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)	['sodium chloride', 'acetic acid', 'potassium hydroxide', 'sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)', 'hydrochloric acid']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000111

Transfer the seed to a ______ refrigerator and store in darkness for 2 days to promote even germination.	4°C	['4°C', '10°C', '37°C', '-20°C', '25°C']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000112

______ the holder every 30min or agitate if possible.	Shake	['Centrifuge', 'Stir', 'Heat', 'Freeze', 'Shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-000113

To induce KSHV production, split cultures 1:2 with fresh medium and add Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate (PMA) to a final concentration of ______.	20 ng/mL	['20 ng/mL', '30 ng/mL', '100 ng/mL', '50 ng/mL', '10 ng/mL']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000114

Next, overlay 5mL of 25% ______ solution in TNE buffer with approximately 30mL of the clarified culture supernatant in 6 ultracentrifuge tubes.	sucrose	['EDTA', 'sodium chloride', 'tris', 'sucrose', 'glucose']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000115

To harvest viral particles, first ______ the culture supernatant at 300× for 5 min at room temperature to pellet the cells and transfer supernatants to fresh tubes.	centrifuge	['incubate', 'centrifuge', 'vortex', 'filter', 'stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000116

Weigh out ______ mg of Can for the preparation of a 168 mM solution.	46.1	['60.0', '50.0', '40.0', '46.1', '23.05']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000117

Add ______ of sterile d d H_2O to dissolve Can.	977ul	['977ul', '500ul', '750ul', '1000ul', '850ul']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000118

After thawing, ______ the stock solutions to redissolve any precipitated amino acids.	vortex	['centrifuge', 'stir', 'heat', 'vortex', 'shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-000119

Cook the rice until the remaining water is absorbed (____).	2h	['4h', '1h', '2h', '5h', '3h']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000120

Add 40% ammonia solution, and perform ultrasound-assisted extraction with ____ (1:1) mixed solvents (50 mL).	isopropanol-ethyl acetate	['hexane-ethyl acetate', 'isopropanol-ethyl acetate', 'methanol-acetone', 'ethanol-water', 'chloroform-methanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000121

On the 8th day, begin ____ the wine and replace with 300 mL of water afterward.	removing	['removing', 'freezing', 'stirring', 'filtering', 'boiling']	operation	TEST-PQA-000122

Culture progenitors in RPMI-1640 plus L-glutamine, 10% FBS, 50 nM β-mercaptoethanol, and ____% penicillin/streptomycin.	5	['10', '1', '2', '5', '3']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000123

Add fresh medium with 15 ng/mL of GM-CSF and 10 ng/mL of ____ to cultures on day 0, 3, and 5.	IL-4	['IL-4', 'IL-2', 'IFN-γ', 'IL-6', 'TNF-α']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000124

Pre-treat BMDCs with the absence or presence of CDDO-DFPA (400 nM) for ____ hours.	4	['2', '6', '12', '8', '4']	operation	TEST-PQA-000125

Incubate the streaked LSW-non-swarm agar plates at ____°C overnight.	37	['37', '25', '50', '42', '30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000126

Wash the remaining cells off the agar plate by pipetting 1.1-1.5ml sterile ____ onto the plate.	PBS	['H₂O', 'NaCl', 'PBS', 'HCl', 'LB media']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000127

After adding portions of the normalized cultures to a fresh Eppendorf tube, ____ to mix.	vortex	['shake', 'stir', 'boil', 'freeze', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000128

Prepare 2mL of 5ug/mL fibronectin solution in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and add ____uL of it into each well of a 4 well chambered coverslip.	450	['600', '450', '500', '550', '400']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000129

Stop the enzymatic reaction by the addition of Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated ____ at a 3:1 (v:v) ratio of added trypsin-EDTA.	fetal calf serum	['goat serum', 'rabbit serum', 'horse serum', 'bovine serum albumin', 'fetal calf serum']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000130

Add 4uL of transfection reagent to the first tube, and ____ the mixture immediately for exactly 10 s.	vortex	['heat', 'centrifuge', 'vortex', 'shake', 'stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000131

Prepare the priming solution by including 30 IU/mL heparin and ____% v/v of an 8.4% solution of NaHCO₃.	2.5	['4.0', '3.0', '2.5', '1.0', '2.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000132

The priming solution includes 30 IU/mL heparin and 2.5% v/v of an 8.4% solution of ______.	NaHCO₃	['NaCl', 'KCl', 'HCl', 'NaOH', 'NaHCO₃']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000133

Fill the ECMO machine by switching on the ______ pump to circulate the priming solution.	peristaltic	['centrifugal', 'peristaltic', 'diaphragm', 'gear', 'piston']	operation	TEST-PQA-000134

Cure the PDMS on a flat surface in a heat incubator at ____°C for 2h.	65	['55', '75', '45', '85', '65']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000135

Mix 7 g of PDMS base and 0.7 g of ____ thoroughly in a small container.	curing agent	['sticky tape', 'aluminum block', 'curing agent', 'PDMS cuboid', 'UV glue']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000136

Cure the UV glue for 4 min using a hand-held UV lamp at the high setting. CAUTION: Protect eyes with safety glasses while using the UV lamp. ____ the coverslip upside down and repeat step 3.3.4.	Flip	['Flip', 'Stir', 'Boil', 'Shake', 'Freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000137

Shade the tobacco leaf for ____ days before extraction to reduce the starch content.	23	['25', '23', '10', '20', '15']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000138

Add the crude chloroplasts suspension on a ____% and 90% Percoll gradient.	40	['70', '50', '30', '40', '60']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000139

Rupture the chloroplasts by three ____ cycles.	freeze-thaw	['stir-mix', 'heat-cool', 'freeze-thaw', 'shake-vortex', 'boil-chill']	operation	TEST-PQA-000140

Add 2 mL of trypsin-EDTA (____%) and incubate it at 37°C for 3–5 min.	0.05	['0.05', '0.10', '0.50', '0.01', '0.20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000141

Prepare 2x BES-buffered solution BBS and 1 M ______, according to Vijayraghavan and Kantor35.	CaCl₂	['NaCl', 'CaCl₂', 'KCl', 'HCl', 'MgCl₂']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000142

Gently add 1.25m L of _2× BBS solution while ______ the mix.	vortexing	['heating', 'stirring', 'cooling', 'vortexing', 'shaking']	operation	TEST-PQA-000143

Shake the mixture containing 54.9mM D-sorbitol, 43.4mM sucrose in DPBS for ____ minutes by hand at 80 shakes/min.	2-3	['2-3', '5-6', '4-5', '3-4', '1-2']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000144

The minigut media includes advanced Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium DMEM/F12, 2 mM L-alanine-L-glutamine, pen/strep 100 units/mL, 10mM Hepes, N2 supplement 1:100, B27 supplement 1:50 with epidermal growth factor EGF; 50 ng/mL, Noggin 100ng/mL, R-spondin 500ng/mL, and ____ 10uM.	Y27632	['Hepes', 'EGF', 'R-spondin', 'Noggin', 'Y27632']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000145
To passage the enteroids, place the tissue culture plate on ice. Aspirate the media and add 1 mL of cold DPBS to each well. Use a P1000 tip to ____ up and down until no solid basement membrane matrix chunks remain.	pipette	['vortex', 'shake', 'stir', 'pipette', 'centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000146
Conduct micro X-ray computed tomography to generate a pre-clinical data set. In the present case, use a microCT to image a bone core specimen with the following settings: 45k V, 0.4 mA, and ____ projections.	1,000	['500', '2,000', '750', '1,500', '1,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000147
Select the 'Grayscale Model Maker' tool with the specification 'Create and Rename new model'. Set lower threshold values to approximately ____ HU for the segmentation of bone.	300	['500', '400', '200', '600', '300']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000148
Use the 'Add Triangle' tool to partially cover the holes in surfaces and the 'Automatic Repair' script to completely close remaining gaps. Then, select the 'Repair Degenerate Faces' script in the action menu to resolve edges without surface area and the '____' script to exit 'Repair' mode with the modified part.	Apply Repair	['Apply Repair', 'Save Model', 'Repair Edges', 'Delete Part', 'Export STL']	operation	TEST-PQA-000149
Spin down the cells at ____×g for 5 minutes at room temperature.	900	['700', '1000', '900', '500', '1200']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000150
Add 200 ul of lysis buffer ____, pipet up and down and incubate at room temperature for 10 min.	T1	['BW', 'T1', 'B3', 'PBS', 'B5']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000151
Add 25 ul of proteinase K and 200 ul of lysis buffer B3, ____ and incubate the lysate at 70°C for 1 h with shaking (500 rpm).	vortex	['heat', 'centrifuge', 'vortex', 'stir', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000152
Culture the MCF7 cells in Improved MEM (IMEM) plus phenol-red medium with ____% Heat inactive FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin at 37°C in humidified 5% CO₂ atmosphere.	10	['15', '10', '5', '20', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000153
To harvest the cells, add 1ml RNA isolation reagent (acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform) into each well and incubate for 5 min at room temperature (RT). Then collect the cell lysate reagent by pipetting and deposit into 1.5ml tubes.	acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform	['sodium dodecyl sulfate', 'guanidine hydrochloride', 'phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol', 'acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform', 'triethanolamine']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000154
Add 200ul chloroform to 1ml cell lysate reagent (1.1.3) and ____ for 10 sec. Incubate at room temperature for 5 min.	vortex	['freeze', 'shake', 'vortex', 'stir', 'boil']	operation	TEST-PQA-000155
Spin-coat the wafer on a spinner at a speed of 150 rpm for 30 s to spread out the photoresist, then increase the speed to ____ rpm for 60s to yield a thickness of 200um.	1,200	['1,000', '2,000', '1,200', '1,500', '800']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000156
Place the photoresist-coated wafer into a desiccator and add a 20uL drop of ____ to make the surface more hydrophobic.	chlorosilane	['chloroform', 'chlorosilane', 'PDMS', 'SU-8 developer', 'ethanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000157
Cure the photoresist-coated wafer in a polyimide vacuum oven with a 30 min ramp up and 30m i n dwell at 115°C , then ____ for 30m i n.	ramp down	['ramp up', 'heat up', 'maintain', 'cool down', 'ramp down']	operation	TEST-PQA-000158
Separate plasma by centrifugation at ____×g for 15 minutes at room temperature.	1300	['2000', '1300', '1500', '1000', '2500']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000159
Use a 2.5ml syringe to transfer 1.5mL of fresh plasma into a Quick-Seal ultra-clear centrifuge tube and fill up with ____ filtered with a 0.10um pore size polyether sulfone filter.	PBS	['MgCl₂', 'HCl', 'H₂O', 'PBS', 'NaCl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000160
Discard the supernatant using a ____ syringe.	10ml	['15ml', '20ml', '5ml', '10ml', '25ml']	operation	TEST-PQA-000161
Verify weight gain, typically between ____ and 15 grams in 15 days.	10	['8', '10', '12', '5', '20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000162
Semi-cover the litter with the home-cage bedding of the ______ mother and reintroduce the adoptive mother.	adoptive	['primary', 'biological', 'surrogate', 'foster', 'adoptive']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000163
Remove pups 'a' from the home cage and put them in a clean cage on a ____ plate.	hot	['cold', 'dry', 'wet', 'warm', 'hot']	operation	TEST-PQA-000164
Perform intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen solution (100~ul, ______ mg/ml) from E12.5 to E14.5.	10	['5', '15', '25', '10', '20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000165
Fix the tissues with 4% ______ at 4°C or on ice for 2 h.	paraformaldehyde (PFA)	['formaldehyde', 'methanol', 'paraformaldehyde (PFA)', 'ethanol', 'acetone']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000166
Pull extraembryonic membranes off with ______ and remove the placenta under a dissecting microscope.	fine forceps	['scissors', 'fine forceps', 'tweezers', 'scalpel', 'pipette']	operation	TEST-PQA-000167
Add 2mL of ______% (w/v) trypsin diluted in DPBS to the dishes.	0.25	['1.00', '1.50', '0.50', '0.25', '0.10']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000168
Add 100uL of the lysis buffer containing 50mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 1% (v/v) polyoxyethylene(10) octylphenyl ether, 1mM EGTA, 1mM sodium orthovanadate, 50mM sodium fluoride, 10mM -glycerophosphate, 5mM sodium pyrophosphate, 0.1u/m L microcystin-LR, 270mM sucrose, and ______.	protease inhibitor cocktail	['sodium chloride', 'EDTA', 'bovine serum albumin', 'protease inhibitor cocktail', 'Tween-20']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000169
After adding 4uL of 1mg/mL solution of polyethyleneimine, immediately ______ the solution for 5 seconds.	vortex	['centrifuge', 'stir', 'shake', 'boil', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000170
Inoculate a single colony of the yeast strain into 5ml of liquid medium and incubate overnight on a rotary shaker at ____ rpm and 28°C.	200-220	['260-280', '230-250', '180-200', '150-170', '200-220']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000171
Transfer the cell resuspension to 1.5ml screw cap tubes containing 300ul phenol and 40 ul 10% ____.	SDS	['HCl', 'SDS', 'NaOH', 'Tris-HCl', 'NaCl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000172
Add 300ul of chloroform, securely fasten the lid, mix by ____ 4 times, and vortex 5 sec to homogenize.	inversion	['pipetting', 'inversion', 'stirring', 'heating', 'shaking']	operation	TEST-PQA-000173
Use a rotary evaporator to remove the organic solvent and form a thin lipid film at room temperature. Add 20mL of PBS and sonicate for ____ min to generate liposomal nanoparticles.	30	['45', '60', '15', '30', '90']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000174
In a round-bottom flask, dissolve a mixture of 20mg of lipids in 2mL of chloroform containing 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phophocholine (DPPC), cholesterol, 1,2-disearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol)2000 (DSPE-PEG2000), DSPE-deferoxamine (DSPE-DFO), and 1,1-diododecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine-5,5-disulfonic acid (DiIC125-DS) at molar ratios of 61.3%, 33.4%, 5%, 0.2%, and ____%, respectively.	0.1	['0.05', '0.1', '0.5', '0.2', '1.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000175
Centrifuge the liposome solution at 4,000×g for 10min to remove the aggregates and wash the nanoparticles with PBS using centrifugal filtration (molecular weight cut-off (MWCO: 100kDa) to remove free lipids and residual organic solvent. Concentrate the liposomes, which will remain in the top chamber, and transfer them to a new tube. The liposomes can be stored in a fridge in PBS for up to ____ week before the subsequent steps.	1	['1', '2', '5', '3', '4']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000176
Transfer minced muscles into a Falcon 50m tube, and add 5m of collagenase solution (____% collagenase Type 2 in 10% FBS in DMEM). Incubate at 37°C for 60m i n .	0.2	['0.2', '0.1', '1.5', '0.5', '1.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000177
Add 1ul each of CD31-PE, CD45-PE, Sca-1-PE, and Integrin α7 antibody into 200ul of the cell suspension. Incubate on ice for 30m i n .	Integrin α7	['Anti-PE Magnetic Beads', 'CD31-PE', 'Sca-1-PE', 'Integrin α7', 'CD45-PE']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000178
Triturate (up and down with an 8 needle) to ______ mixture (Figure 1C). Then further incubate the mixture at 37°C for 15m i n .	homogenize	['freeze', 'shake', 'boil', 'stir', 'homogenize']	operation	TEST-PQA-000179
Screen each dataset for probesets/genes with standard deviation (SD) greater than ____.	0.8	['0.8', '1.2', '0.5', '1.0', '0.3']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000180
Use the library ______ to map probesets to gene symbols.	hgu133plus2.db	['survival', 'hgu133plus2.db', 'siggenes', 'affy', 'stats']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000181
Use the R-based software ______ to correct batch effects.	ComBat	['DWD', 'SAM', 'NMF', 'affy', 'ComBat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000182
Administer moderate conscious sedation if the clinical scenario permits, by infiltrating the groin access site liberally with ____% Lidocaine.	1	['1.5', '1', '0.25', '2', '0.5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000183
Prepare sterile drapes and ______ or povidone iodine for the procedure.	chlorhexidine	['ethanol', 'saline', 'hydrogen peroxide', 'chlorhexidine', 'isopropanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000184
Hold manual pressure over the femoral artery for ____ minutes or until bleeding stops.	20-30	['25-35', '10-15', '30-40', '15-20', '20-30']	operation	TEST-PQA-000185
Set the UV crosslinking machine with a peak wavelength of 365 nm at an intensity of ______.	100uJ/cm²	['50uJ/cm²', '150uJ/cm²', '100uJ/cm²', '250uJ/cm²', '200uJ/cm²']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000186
Bring the following solutions under the BSC on ice: 10x EMEM; 10× Reconstruction buffer; Collagen I solution (______); and Sterile 1N NaOH solution.	10mg/mL	['10mg/mL', '15mg/mL', '20mg/mL', '5mg/mL', '25mg/mL']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000187
Pipette 20 µL of the neutralized collagen I pre-gel solution on the patterned surface of a sterile 3D-printed stamp and ______ the stamp inside (on top) of the open-top chamber while the stromal hydrogel is still in a liquid form.	insert	['shake', 'heat', 'freeze', 'insert', 'remove']	operation	TEST-PQA-000188
Centrifuge the sample at ____× for 5 minutes at room temperature.	225	['225', '100', '250', '200', '150']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000189
Re-suspend the cells in complete α-MEM supplemented with 1% glutamine and ____% fetal bovine serum.	10	['5', '10', '15', '20', '25']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000190
After cell seeding, remove the medium by ____ to discard debris, unattached cells, and erythrocytes.	pipette	['vortex', 'centrifuge', 'filter', 'shake', 'pipette']	operation	TEST-PQA-000191
If the sample sites are near the lab, euthanize the mosquitoes by freezing at ____ for 30 minutes.	-20°C	['-20°C', '0°C', '-10°C', '-80°C', '4°C']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000192
Place 20-50 mosquitoes into each 2 mL sterile tube with 3 mm ceramic beads and 1.5 mL of Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium containing 2% ____.	Penicillin-Streptomycin-Amphotericin B Solution	['Fetal Bovine Serum', 'Glucose', 'Magnesium Sulfate', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Penicillin-Streptomycin-Amphotericin B Solution']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000193
____ the mosquitoes with a low-temperature tissue homogenizer by grinding for 30s at 70Hz at 4°C for three cycles.	Homogenize	['Freeze', 'Vortex', 'Incubate', 'Centrifuge', 'Homogenize']	operation	TEST-PQA-000194
Prepare cell pellets (1×10^6-2×10^6) in ____ polypropylene screw-cap tubes.	2ml	['5ml', '15ml', '2ml', '10ml', '1ml']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000195
Re-suspend the cells that are fresh or just thawed on ice from -80°C with 200 μl 1x PBS and add 20ul ______ (20mg/ml).	proteinase K	['RNase', 'lysozyme', 'DNase', 'proteinase K', 'trypsin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000196
Denature the gel for 20 min in 1.5 M NaCl and 0.5 M NaOH solution (pH 13.2) in a Pyrex container (slowly ______).	shake	['stir', 'shake', 'heat', 'vortex', 'cool']	operation	TEST-PQA-000197
Prepare a 10/L tryptone, 10/L ____ solution in deionized water.	agar	['pectin', 'cellulose', 'agar', 'gelatin', 'starch']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000198
Incubate the strains of interest in the dark for 12-16 h at ____°C.	37	['50', '42', '30', '37', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000199
On the day of fixation, and working in a well-ventilated fume-hood, ____ the fixative prepared in step 2 directly to the agar surface around the colony's edge.	pipette	['pour', 'sprinkle', 'pipette', 'spray', 'inject']	operation	TEST-PQA-000200

Grow Synechocystis cells in 20ml liquid BG-11 media in 50ml flasks with an initial OD_730 of ____.	0.05	['0.05', '0.10', '0.50', '1.00', '0.01']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000201

Resuspend Synechocystis cells in 0.5ml of 100mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) in a 2ml tube.	potassium phosphate buffer	['EDTA', 'tris buffer', 'potassium phosphate buffer', 'magnesium sulfate', 'sodium chloride']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000202

____ the tube at the highest speed for 1 min, cooling the tube on ice for 5 sec for each 10 sec vortexing.	Vortex	['Centrifuge', 'Stir', 'Boil', 'Vortex', 'Shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-000203

The silicon stiffener with a wicking channel was fabricated from a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer with a device layer thickness equal to the desired thickness of the stiffener. A reasonable range of stiffener thickness is ______ um.	20-100	['100-200', '10-50', '50-150', '150-250', '20-100']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000204

Place a pellet of ______ of molecular weight 10,000/mol into the reservoir.	polyethylene glycol (PEG)	['phosphate buffered saline (PBS)', 'polyethylene glycol (PEG)', 'agarose', 'hydrofluoric acid (HF)', 'sodium chloride (NaCl)']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000205

Using a motorized micropositioner, begin extraction of the stiffener by applying a displacement of 100um at a speed of ______.	5mm/sec	['5mm/sec', '0.5mm/sec', '0.1mm/sec', '1mm/sec', '10mm/sec']	operation	TEST-PQA-000206

Centrifuge the cell suspension at ____×g for 1 minute.	9,306	['5,000', '10,000', '9,306', '12,000', '7,500']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000207

Design the probe with a ____ modification at the 5' end, a modifying group (C3-Spacer) at the 3' end, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) labeled in the middle.	FITC	['THF', 'BIOTIN', 'C3-Spacer', 'FITC', 'MgCl₂']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000208

Uniformly distribute the reaction solution and place it into the ____ instrument at 39°C for 20 minutes.	PCR	['PCR', 'thermostat', 'vortex', 'NanoDrop', 'centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000209

Perform cardiac CT angiography with retrospective ECG-gating using 80mL of iodinated contrast media injected at a flow rate of ______ mL/s.	4.0	['5.0', '4.0', '3.0', '4.5', '2.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000210

Perform cardiac CT angiography with retrospective ECG-gating using 80mL of iodinated contrast media injected at a flow rate of 4.0 mL/s followed by a flushing bolus of 70mL ______ saline solution.	0.9%	['0.5%', '2.0%', '1.0%', '0.9%', '1.5%']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000211

Start automatic segmentation of the selected CT volume by ______ on the image series.	double-clicking	['highlighting', 'double-clicking', 'selecting', 'right-clicking', 'dragging']	operation	TEST-PQA-000212

The GC content of the primers should be between ______%.	40%-60%	['60%-80%', '40%-60%', '50%-70%', '20%-40%', '30%-50%']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000213

Prepare solutions of the synthetic DNA and reverse amplification primer at a concentration of 10uM in ______.	nuclease-free water	['nuclease-free water', 'saline solution', 'ethanol', 'distilled water', 'buffer solution']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000214

Incubate in vitro transcription (IVT) reactions at 37°C for 4h, followed by ______ treatment to remove the template DNA.	DNase I	['DNase I', 'Proteinase K', 'Amylase', 'Lipase', 'RNase']	operation	TEST-PQA-000215

Inflate the balloon by purging the inflation solution with a pressure inflator at ____ atm.	6	['6', '8', '5', '4', '7']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000216

Fill the balloon with inflation solution, which consists of 30% iodixanol with ____% saline.	0.9	['0.5', '2.0', '1.0', '0.9', '1.5']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000217

Make a longitudinal incision of approximately 3 cm in the skin of the neck, and use surgical scissors to ____ the fascia and fat tissue.	cut	['expose', 'ligate', 'cut', 'suture', 'clean']	operation	TEST-PQA-000218

Add 2uM ______ (the complex I inhibitor) to the treated wells and the same volume of DMSO to the untreated wells.	rotenone	['streptomycin', 'brequinar', 'uridine', 'rotenone', 'penicillin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000219

Allow the cells to proliferate for up to ______ days, and stop the experiment if any of the wells begin to look overgrown.	7	['7', '3', '14', '5', '10']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000220

Aspirate the medium, wash with 1x PBS, and ______ the bottom of the well with 0.25% trypsin (500 µL for a 6-well dish).	cover	['dry', 'rinse', 'fill', 'cover', 'soak']	operation	TEST-PQA-000221

Dispense one drop of topical anesthetic (______% proparacaine hydrochloride) in the lower conjunctival sac of each eye and instruct participant to keep eyes closed for one minute.	0.5	['0.1', '0.3', '1.0', '0.7', '0.5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000222

Add 5ul Ethidium (or 4uM, ) and 5ul Calcein AM (or 4uM) to 2.5ml phosphate buffered saline (______) in 15m centrifuge tube; mix.	PBS	['H₂O', 'PBS', 'MgCl₂', 'NaCl', 'HCl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000223

Using micro-scissors, ______ the membrane in half (one half for each of the downstream analyses), perpendicular through the middle of the cell collection.	cut	['cut', 'freeze', 'shake', 'boil', 'stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000224

Remove all samples with a small number of cells (e.g., less than ____ cells) after projection and annotation.	100	['50', '75', '100', '150', '200']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000225

Generate a Seurat object to store the counts using the ______ function.	CreateSeuratObject	['CreateSeuratObject', 'AddMetaData', 'Read10X', 'DimPlot', 'combineExpression']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000226

Merge individual objects/samples (projected by patient) into a single object using the ______ function with merge.Seurat.embeddings().	Reduce	['combineTCR', 'Reduce', 'plot.projection', 'Split', 'Visualize']	operation	TEST-PQA-000227

Instruct the participants to drink ____ doses of 99.9% enriched 2 H_20 or 40m L doses of 70% enriched 2 H_20 three times per day in week 1.	35m L	['30m L', '50m L', '25m L', '35m L', '40m L']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000228

Add a type 1 collagenase /____ (2m g/m L) solution to 2 g/mL AT.	HEPES	['PBS', 'EDTA', 'NaCl', 'FBS', 'HEPES']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000229

____ the tube at 500× g for 8 min at RT to separate the adipocytes and the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF).	Centrifuge	['Shake', 'Stir', 'Centrifuge', 'Vortex', 'Boil']	operation	TEST-PQA-000230

Prepare 100 mL of yeast extract-peptone-dextrose medium (YPD) by adding 1 g of yeast extract, 2 g of casein peptone, and ____ of glucose in 95 mL of distilled water.	29 g	['35 g', '20 g', '29 g', '10 g', '50 g']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000231

Inoculate a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 mL of sterile synthetic complete medium (SC medium) with yeast culture at initial OD_600 0.1, which is approximately 3 mL of the overnight pre-inoculum (OD_600 3). The SC medium includes 0.18 g of yeast nitrogen base without amino acids, 0.5 g of ammonium sulfate, 0.2 g of dipotassium phosphate, 1 g of yeast synthetic drop-out supplements, and ____ according to the experimental design.	glucose	['lactose', 'glucose', 'maltose', 'sucrose', 'fructose']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000232

Weigh an empty 50 mL conical tube and use it to harvest cells at the mid-log phase (OD_600 0.5) by ____ at 4000× g for 5 min.	centrifugation	['sonication', 'stirring', 'filtration', 'centrifugation', 'heating']	operation	TEST-PQA-000233

To maximize the number of antral follicles isolated from each mouse, intraperitoneally inject sexually mature female mice with 5 IU of ______.	pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG)	"['glutamine', ""pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG)"", 'dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP)', '3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)', 'milrinone']"	reagent	TEST-PQA-000234
Prepare the collection medium (MEM/PVP) by adding milrinone to a concentration of ______.	2.5uM	['100uM', '5uM', '2.5uM', '0.2mM', '1mM']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000235
Using a 1 ml insulin syringe, anchor the ovaries to the dish and release the antral follicles by ______ them several times with 27-gauge needles.	puncturing	['puncturing', 'heating', 'stirring', 'freezing', 'shaking']	operation	TEST-PQA-000236
Place the kidneys in a 6-well cell culture plate prepared with 2 mL of ______ per well and place on ice.	Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS)	"[""Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS)"", 'Fetal calf serum (FCS)', ""Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)"", 'Endothelial basal medium (EBM)', 'Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)']"	reagent	TEST-PQA-000237

Incubate the glomerulus for ____ at 37°C and 5% (v/v) CO₂ to allow attachment to the center of the well.	3h	['1h', '6h', '2h', '3h', '4h']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000238

Press the minced kidney pieces through a 300µm metal sieve using a plunger of a 20mL syringe and repeatedly ______ the sieve with HBSS.	rinse	['shake', 'heat', 'dry', 'rinse', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000239

Ensure that the slice thickness is equal to ____ mm during the CT scan.	1	['2.5', '2', '0.5', '1', '1.5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000240

Fill in ____ in the 3D printer for printing the thyroid model.	hard light curing resin	['hard light curing resin', 'soft light curing resin', 'acrylonitrile butadiene styrene', 'photosensitive resin', 'polylactic acid']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000241

After sandblasting, perform ____ to refine the model surface.	grinding	['grinding', 'painting', 'cutting', 'sanding', 'polishing']	operation	TEST-PQA-000242

Use at least ______ dams for behavioral experiments and 3 for gene expression analysis.	6	['8', '7', '5', '6', '4']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000243

Weigh the poly(I:C) powder in a 50ml conical tube to make a final concentration of ______.	40mg/ml	['60mg/ml', '40mg/ml', '30mg/ml', '50mg/ml', '20mg/ml']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000244

Reverse transcribe the RNA to cDNA. Use 20ul reactions, and up to 1ug of total RNA per reaction. Mix 4ul 5× reverse transcription (RT) reaction mix buffer, 1ul reverse transcriptase, 11ul RNA template after the treatment with DNase I and 4ul nuclease-free H₂O to make a final 20ul solution. Program the thermal cycler conditions for RT. A generic condition includes: Step 1: 25°C for 5 min; Step 2: 42°C for 30 min; Step 3: ______ for 5 min; Step 4: hold at 4°C.	85°C	['85°C', '70°C', '60°C', '90°C', '80°C']	operation	TEST-PQA-000245

To make the water opaque, use non-fat dry milk, or 125 milliliters of non-toxic white ______.	tempera paint	['oil paint', 'watercolor', 'tempera paint', 'acrylic paint', 'latex paint']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000246

Each trial will last ______ seconds.	60	['30', '45', '90', '120', '60']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000247

Facing the wall of the pool, the animal handler will ______ the animal in the water.	place	['drop', 'push', 'throw', 'release', 'place']	operation	TEST-PQA-000248

For Medium Temperature in the Deparaffinization step, choose ____ Deg C.	72	['75', '80', '65', '72', '70']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000249

In the High Temp Ab Incubation step, the first antibody used is ____.	FAP	['OMap anti-Rb HRP', 'Antibody X', 'FAP', 'Gt Ig Block', 'Pan-Cytokeratin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000250

Bake vendor procured FFPE human tissue sections in an oven set to 70°C for ____ min.	20-60	['40-70', '50-80', '30-50', '10-30', '20-60']	operation	TEST-PQA-000251

Commonly used infusion rates range between ____ ul/min.	2 to 4	['2 to 4', '10 to 12', '5 to 7', '3 to 5', '1 to 2']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000252

Prepare a 1% human albumin solution in ______ solution.	lactated ringer’s	['lactated ringer’s', 'saline', 'glucose', 'phosphate buffer', 'distilled water']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000253

______ the catheters with 1% albumin enriched ringer’s lactate solution until you see droplets along the length of the catheter.	flush	['flush', 'freeze', 'boil', 'stir', 'shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-000254

Grind the seeds using a laboratory blender for two runs on high mode for ____.	20s	['30s', '10s', '50s', '20s', '40s']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000255

Prepare at least 2mL of 1mg/mL of each standard. Use ______ to prepare 2-aminoanthracene, miconazole and d_6-transcinnamic acid.	acetonitrile (ACN)	['water', 'isopropanol', 'acetonitrile (ACN)', 'ethanol', 'methanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000256

Mix using a homogenizer for 2 runs of 20s at 6,500 rpm. Then, ______ the sample at 4°C for 5 min at 16,100× g.	centrifuge	['heat', 'sonicate', 'freeze', 'centrifuge', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000257

Heat shock cells at ____°C for 35 sec, then incubate on ice for 2 min.	42	['37', '45', '42', '55', '50']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000258

Culture colonies in 250ml of Luria Broth (LB) Media supplemented with 100 u/ml antibiotic (______) O/N at 37°C, shaking at 220 rpm.	carbenicillin	['chloramphenicol', 'tetracycline', 'ampicillin', 'carbenicillin', 'kanamycin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000259

Add transfection reagent into DNA solution in 1ml increments, mixing gently. Incubate for 30 min at RT for reagent-DNA complexes to form. Then add the solution onto the cells in a ____-wise fashion.	drop	['batch', 'drop', 'continuous', 'slow', 'quick']	operation	TEST-PQA-000260

Incubate for 24h in ____% CO₂ at 37°C.	5	['20', '2', '5', '15', '10']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000261

Seed 4.5×10⁶ Clone 2 cells in 15ml of complete ____ in a T162 flask the day before infection.	DMEM	['PBS', 'RPMI', 'DMEM', 'FBS', 'HBSS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000262

Collect cell supernatants and ____ for 1 minute at 4000 rpm.	centrifuge	['vortex', 'filter', 'heat', 'centrifuge', 'stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000263

Resuspend 1.8mg of total RNA in 2.4ml of Nuclease-free H2O at a concentration of ____ μg/ml.	750	['500', '600', '750', '700', '800']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000264

Elute poly(A) RNA from the Dynabeads using ____ pH 7.5.	10mM Tris-HCl	['10mM HCl', '10mM NaOH', '10mM NaCl', '10mM Tris-HCl', '10mM MgCl₂']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000265

Heat the mixture at 75°C for 2 minutes and then ____ through continuous rotation for 5 minutes at room temperature.	anneal	['anneal', 'stir', 'shake', 'boil', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000266

Grow the pDawn-Ag43 culture in a shaking incubator at ____ rpm and 37°C to reach exponential phase.	250	['350', '300', '250', '200', '150']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000267

Prepare a long-term storage stock by mixing 1 mL of culture with 1 mL of 50% sterile ______ to obtain a 25% glycerol freezer stock.	glycerol	['glycerol', 'saline', 'sucrose', 'methanol', 'ethanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000268

______ the pDawn-Ag43 bacteria from glycerol stock onto LB+ spec agar plates and allow colonies to grow overnight at 37°C.	Streak	['Streak', 'Mix', 'Boil', 'Freeze', 'Centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000269

Fix the lung tissue sample by immersing the human lung tissue fragment in ____% paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 24h at room temperature.	4	['8', '4', '2', '10', '6']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000270

Dilute the concentrated normal goat serum to 10% goat serum with PBS with 0.1% ____.	Tween 20	['SDS', 'Tween 80', 'Triton X-100', 'Brij 35', 'Tween 20']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000271

Place the slides with the tissue sections and the 1× citric acid repair liquid in an antigen repair box and, then, ____ them in the microwave oven at high power for 2 min.	heat	['stir', 'cool', 'wash', 'freeze', 'heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000272

Euthanize the 8-12 day old mouse with 2% ______ inhalant overdose followed by cervical dislocation.	isoflurane	['sorbitol', 'isoflurane', 'collagenase', 'formalin', 'ethanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000273

Incubate murine tissue with 300U/mI collagenase XI and 0.1 mg/ml dispase for ______ min on a rocking shaker set at a slow speed at room temperature.	25	['15', '10', '20', '25', '30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000274

After enzymatic digestion, ______ tissue further with scissors and centrifuge at 200× for 10 min.	mince	['freeze', 'mince', 'wash', 'stir', 'boil']	operation	TEST-PQA-000275

Place the mouse on the operating table with a ____ heating pad.	37°C	['45°C', '25°C', '30°C', '37°C', '40°C']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000276

Mix 10 mg of collagenase IV (600 U/m L), 5 mg of dispase II (0.5 U/m L), and 50uL of ____ in 5m L of RPMI 1640.	DNase I	['NaCl', 'Ethanol', 'PBS', 'MgCl₂', 'DNase I']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000277

Place the centrifuge tube in the electrically thermostatic reciprocating shaker at ____ rpm for 1 h at 37°C.	125	['150', '250', '200', '100', '125']	operation	TEST-PQA-000278

Dilute capsids to ____ u/m L in 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2) to a maximum volume of 15uL in individual capped PCR tubes.	50	['100', '50', '25', '150', '75']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000279

Prepare the blocking buffer by making 5% skim milk solids (w/v) in PBS with 0.05% ____.	Tween 20	['Triton X-100', 'Brij 35', 'SDS', 'Tween 20', 'NP-40']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000280

Cover the plate with a lid, seal the edges with paraffin film to reduce evaporation, and leave overnight on a shaking incubator at ____ or for 2h at room temperature.	4°C	['37°C', '68°C', '4°C', '95°C', '23°C']	operation	TEST-PQA-000281

Incubate PBMCs (3×10^6/tube) in 1.5 ml tubes in 0.6 ml medium alone or stimulated with TLR ligands or other activating agents, e.g. the TLR7/8 ligand R848 (0.6 ml medium plus 0.6 µl of 10 mM TLR7/8 ligand R848, final concentration ____ µM) at 37°C for 10-60 min.	10	['20', '15', '5', '10', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000282

To permeabilize cells for detection of intracellular cytokines or other markers, resuspend cell suspensions in 100 µl ____ buffer (BD Biosciences, NJ).	BD Perm/Wash	['BD Perm/Wash', 'DMSO', 'FBS', 'PBS', 'PFA']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000283

On the day of analysis, thaw cells quickly in 37°C water bath, ____ at 500× to remove freezing buffer.	centrifuge	['vortex', 'heat', 'stir', 'centrifuge', 'shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-000284

Using a 3T MRI system, acquire high-resolution structural whole-brain slices using a T1-weighted sequence with a repetition time (TR) of ____ msec.	2,530	['2,000', '1,500', '2,530', '3,000', '1,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000285

Use the ____ tool to manually outline heterotopia regions of interest (ROIs) in MRICroN software.	Pen	['Pen', 'Eraser', 'Circle', 'Line', 'Brush']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000286

Measure the subject's head and ____ an EEG cap of appropriate size to help enable low electrode impedances.	select	['attach', 'select', 'clean', 'adjust', 'remove']	operation	TEST-PQA-000287

Diluting the overnight cultures and continuing growth at ____°C while shaking.	28	['37', '30', '25', '35', '28']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000288

Fixing the cells with ______ fixative.	FAGA	['FAGA', 'PBS', 'GB1', 'MgCl₂', 'H2O']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000289

Measuring the mNG emission spectrum using a ______.	fluorometer	['microscope', 'fluorometer', 'centrifuge', 'spectrophotometer', 'plate reader']	operation	TEST-PQA-000290

Infect cells with A/WSN/33 with an MOI of ______.	10-4	['10-2', '10-5', '10-4', '10-6', '10-3']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000291

Pipette 10ml DMEM supplemented with 0.3% BSA, 20mM HEPES, and 1% ______ into the flask.	Pen/Strep	['Pen/Strep', 'NaCl', 'EDTA', 'Tris', 'MgCl₂']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000292

Carefully remove supernatant by ______ and soak virus pellet overnight at 4°C in 250ul PBS.	pipetting	['stirring', 'pipetting', 'vortexing', 'centrifuging', 'heating']	operation	TEST-PQA-000293

Canton S flies (Bloomington) are reared on standard medium for Drosophila melanogaster at ____°C.	25	['40', '30', '35', '20', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000294

Dilute the 1 mM stock solution of R19-S to 100 μM in ____ and keep in the dark.	sucrose 5%	['sucrose 5%', 'Vectashield', 'LB agar', 'formaldehyde', 'PBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000295

Transfer 10 starved flies into one Drosophila narrow vial and allow the Drosophila to ____ for 30 min on the inoculation solution.	feed	['rest', 'sleep', 'dissect', 'fly', 'feed']	operation	TEST-PQA-000296

Collect virgin females with the correct genotype and age them for ____ days at 29°C.	5-6	['5-6', '7-8', '3-4', '9-10', '1-2']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000297

Prepare octopamine working solution (____ ml per group).	1	['1.5', '0.5', '1', '3', '2']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000298

Gently ____ follicles out of the posterior end to liberate them from the surrounding ovariole sheath, taking care not to puncture the follicles.	squeeze	['cut', 'twist', 'tear', 'squeeze', 'pull']	operation	TEST-PQA-000299

Maintain and multiply embryogenic friable callus on ECO medium, transferring to fresh medium at ____ intervals in darkness at 25°C.	4-week	['2-week', '12-week', '4-week', '8-week', '6-week']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000300

Wash the somatic embryos with ECO liquid medium supplemented with 250 mg/L cefotaxime and 250 mg/L ______.	timentin	['ampicillin', 'timentin', 'gentamicin', 'streptomycin', 'kanamycin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000301

Inoculate globular somatic embryos (1-2 mm diameter) in the diluted Agrobacterium suspension for 20 minutes under mild ______.	agitation	['cooling', 'stirring', 'agitation', 'heating', 'shaking']	operation	TEST-PQA-000302

Maintain the cells under standard tissue culture conditions at ____°C, 5% CO2 in a humidified incubator.	37	['37', '45', '30', '25', '40']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000303

Prepare positive controls: rapamycin (1-5 umol/L), PP242 (1-5 umol/L), Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution containing ____ mmol/L glucose (starvation medium).	6	['15', '6', '12', '9', '3']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000304

For adherent cells, wash once with DPBS, trypsinize, wash again with DPBS, resuspend in DPBS (2% FBS), put on ice, and ____.	analyze	['analyze', 'stir', 'freeze', 'centrifuge', 'heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000305

Grow Arabidopsis thaliana in soil for 3 weeks at ____°C under white light (50umol photons m^-2s^-1) with a 16-h-light/8-h-dark cycle.	23	['18', '25', '20', '30', '23']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000306

Homogenize rosette leaves (about 100~mg) with a mortar and pestle in 2 ml ice-cold ____ and keep on ice.	homogenization buffer	['saline solution', 'PBS', 'distilled water', 'Tris buffer', 'homogenization buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000307

Resuspend the pellet in 100ul ice-cold homogenization buffer by ____ up and down.	pipetting	['stirring', 'shaking', 'vortexing', 'heating', 'pipetting']	operation	TEST-PQA-000308

Centrifuge the tissue suspension at a maximum speed of ______ x g for 2 minutes.	13,000	['13,000', '12,000', '15,000', '20,000', '10,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000309

Transfer the colon piece into a 1.5mL Eppendorf containing 600 uL of ______ solution.	TRI reagent	['Ethanol', 'SYBR Green', 'RNAlater', 'TRI reagent', 'PBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000310

______ and centrifuge the mixture to ensure proper mixing.	Vortex	['Stir', 'Shake', 'Freeze', 'Vortex', 'Boil']	operation	TEST-PQA-000311

Sonicate using a focused-ultrasonicator for 3s at 200 cycles per burst, 25 peak incidence power (W), and 10% duty factor at ____°C, to obtain fragments of 0.5–3kb (average gene range).	7	['15', '10', '4', '20', '7']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000312

Size select the DNA to obtain fragments above 500 bp by adding 95~uL of ______ to 135~uL of fragmented DNA.	Mag-Bind TotalPure NGS beads	['Magnetic beads', 'Agarose beads', 'Polyacrylamide beads', 'Mag-Bind TotalPure NGS beads', 'Silica beads']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000313

______ and discard the supernatant after the beads have separated from the solution.	Pipette	['Stir', 'Filter', 'Shake', 'Pipette', 'Centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000314

Prepare a stock of synthetic complete media: 6.7/L yeast nitrogen base with amino acids, 10^9/L raffinose, plus the desired concentration of galactose (usually ____/L).	0.05	['0.50', '0.05', '0.10', '0.01', '0.20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000315

Prepare the slide surface for the attachment of yeast cells by coating the surface with approximately 100 μL of 2 mg/mL ______, dissolved in PBS pH 7.4.	concanavalin A	['sucrose', 'agarose', 'concanavalin A', 'glucose', 'yeast extract']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000316

Wash the surface three times by pipetting 150 μL of synthetic complete media onto the slide, pipetting up and down a few times, and then ______ the media.	discarding	['heating', 'stirring', 'boiling', 'discarding', 'freezing']	operation	TEST-PQA-000317

Weigh 10g of shrimp chitin powder in a 250ml glass beaker and mix it with 100ml of ____% w/w HCl.	37	['37', '10', '25', '50', '15']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000318

Prepare a solution of 0.8% agarose and 0.15% ____ in 50mM potassium phosphate buffer.	laminarin	['glucose', 'starch', 'sucrose', 'cellulose', 'laminarin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000319

Keep ____ the slurry every 5 minutes with a glass rod for 30 minutes.	mixing	['heating', 'stirring', 'mixing', 'cooling', 'filtering']	operation	TEST-PQA-000320

Fix the cells by adding 1 ml of ______% formaldehyde and incubate for 10 min at room temperature (RT) under agitation.	10	['15', '5', '25', '20', '10']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000321

Prepare 1 M glycine, pH 8.0, by dissolving 3.8 of ______ in 50m of PBS.	glycine	['formaldehyde', 'sodium chloride', 'Triton-X100', 'glycine', 'trisodium citrate']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000322

Dilute the ligase in the 1x ligation solution (provided by the kit) 1:40 and ______.	vortex	['stir', 'boil', 'vortex', 'freeze', 'shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-000323

The wake-up time is usually at ______ am. Stop the monitoring if the participant wakes up before this time and does not want to continue.	6:00	['6:30', '7:00', '6:00', '5:00', '8:00']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000324

During the past 7 days, how often did you have trouble getting things organized? The participant is instructed to choose one of the 5 response options, including Never in the past 7 days, Rarely (once or twice), Sometimes (3 - 5 times), Often (about once a day), and ______.	Very often (more than once a day)	['Always', 'Occasionally', 'Sometimes (3 - 5 times)', 'Rarely (once or twice)', 'Very often (more than once a day)']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000325

Click the ______ button and instruct the participant to perform according to the step-by-step calibration procedure.	Calibration	['Stop', 'Close', 'Start', 'Record', 'Calibration']	operation	TEST-PQA-000326

Centrifuge the tube at ______ for 2 minutes.	100xg	['50xg', '500xg', '100xg', '200xg', '1000xg']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000327

Replace the KRBHA with 20ml of ______.	ATEM	['DMEM', 'FBS', 'PBS', 'ATEM', 'KRBHA']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000328

Close the Clinicell and gently mix AT explant and media by ______ the Clinicell.	tilting	['vortexing', 'heating', 'shaking', 'stirring', 'tilting']	operation	TEST-PQA-000329

Initiate conscious sedation similar to bronchoscopy or EBUS according to institutional standards, such as IV midazolam ____ mg (for sedation) and IV Fentanyl 25u (for cough and pain).	2.5	['4.0', '3.0', '1.0', '2.5', '5.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000330

Apply local anesthetic gel (nasal route) or spray (oral route) on the mucosa 1-2 min before endoscopy. Use ____ as the local anesthetic.	lidocaine	['lidocaine', 'procaine', 'fentanyl', 'midazolam', 'benzocaine']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000331

Move the needle with the stylet forward and ____ the stylet a few millimeters (if the tip is rounded) to make the needle sharp.	retract	['twist', 'pull', 'rotate', 'push', 'retract']	operation	TEST-PQA-000332

Add 500 µl of Accutase and incubate for 3-4 mins in 37°C incubator with ____% O₂.	5.0	['3.0', '10.0', '5.0', '7.5', '2.5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000333

Prepare 30ml of E6-based differentiation medium containing 2% Matrigel, 10 µM SB, 4 ng/ml FGF, and ____ ng/ml BMP4.	2.5	['5.0', '4.5', '2.5', '1.0', '3.0']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000334

______ the cells for 5 min 30 sec at 230 rcf to pellet cells.	Centrifuge	['Centrifuge', 'Vortex', 'Heat', 'Stir', 'Shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-000335

Fill the disposable plastic pipette with ____ drops of lemon juice for the lemon juice task.	2	['2', '3', '4', '1', '5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000336

Place the grounding electrode attached to the ____ lead on the child’s lower right rib.	black (-)	['white (-)', 'red (-)', 'black (-)', 'white (+)', 'brown (-)']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000337

After placing the electrodes, wait ____ minutes to allow the gel to adhere fully to the child’s skin.	5	['5', '4', '2', '3', '6']	operation	TEST-PQA-000338

Grow the culture overnight (____ hours) at 37°C with shaking (240 RPM).	16-24	['16-24', '18-20', '20-22', '12-14', '24-26']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000339

Add 100 μL of complete cell culture medium (DMEM, 10% FBS, 1% NEAA, ____ μg/mL gentamicin) to each well.	50	['100', '25', '75', '150', '50']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000340

____ the HeLa cells three times with 100 μL of warm (37°C) HBSS.	Wash	['Wash', 'Vortex', 'Stir', 'Rinse', 'Shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-000341

Prepare a solution of 6% low melting agarose (LMA). Insert the LMA powder and sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) ____ of LMA per 10mL of PBS) into a glass bottle with a magnetic stirrer.	0.69	['0.25', '1.00', '0.75', '0.50', '0.69']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000342

Collect the cells as follows: remove all medium from a 10 cm culture plate cell monolayer, wash twice with 10mL of PBS to dispose of serum residuals, add 5mL of ______ (pre-warmed to 37°C) and incubate for 3 min in the incubator at 37°C.	trypsin	['HA', 'trypsin', 'LMA', 'NaOH', 'PBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000343

Pour a drop (400uL) of pre-heated LMA onto the glass bottom of each one of the wells in the plate. Gently ______ the pre-heated PDMS stamp over the agarose drop.	place	['freeze', 'stir', 'boil', 'place', 'shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-000344

Set the elutriation centrifugation speed at ____× g.	900	['900', '500', '1000', '700', '800']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000345

Elutriate on the counterflow centrifugation device using a primary medium of Hanks Balanced Salt Solution with 1% human serum albumin (HSA) and a secondary medium of ____.	saline solution 0.9% sodium chloride Injection USP	['saline solution 0.9% sodium chloride Injection USP', 'AIMV', 'DPBS', 'RPMI', 'PBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000346

Place the shaker in the refrigerator and ____ the cells at 2-8 °C for approximately 15 min with shaking.	incubate	['incubate', 'freeze', 'heat', 'centrifuge', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000347

Generally, seed ______ cells per dome for organoid generation.	80,000	['50,000', '150,000', '120,000', '100,000', '80,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000348

Suspend the pellet in Cell Suspension Freezing medium, which contains ______% DMSO in FBS.	10	['10', '15', '25', '5', '20']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000349

Anesthetize the mouse with ______% Isoflurane.	1.5 to 2.5	['1.0 to 1.5', '2.0 to 3.0', '4.0 to 5.0', '3.0 to 4.0', '1.5 to 2.5']	operation	TEST-PQA-000350

Transduce MSC and HIF-MSC freshly seeded at ____ cells/cm² for 8h at a multiplicity of infection of 10 in MSC or HIF-MSC culture medium.	5	['20', '10', '5', '25', '15']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000351

Select MSCs and HIF-MSCs containing the pCT-CD63-RFP vector with ______.	puromycin	['puromycin', 'penicillin', 'kanamycin', 'gentamicin', 'streptomycin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000352

Sterilize 25mm glass coverslips by soaking in 70% ethanol for ____ min.	5	['3', '2', '6', '4', '5']	operation	TEST-PQA-000353

Incubate the mixture on ice for 30 minutes and heat-shock at ____°C for 90 seconds.	42	['42', '50', '55', '37', '45']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000354

Plate the bacteria suspension on LB plate containing ____ μg/mL ampicillin.	100	['200', '50', '150', '75', '100']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000355

Incubate at 37°C and ____ at 250 rpm for 45 minutes.	shake	['stir', 'shake', 'vortex', 'cool', 'heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000356

Grow rice plants under greenhouse conditions with approximately ____ hours of light, 28±1°C (day) and 25±1°C (night), and 75% relative humidity.	12	['14', '10', '16', '12', '8']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000357

Add Fontainebleau sand and grind the mixture in a mortar with 0.1M phosphate ____ buffer.	inoculation	['extraction', 'dilution', 'precipitation', 'inoculation', 'neutralization']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000358

Put the tubes in liquid nitrogen for 5 min and ____ in tissue lyser for 30 sec at an oscillation frequency of 30Hz.	grind	['boil', 'freeze', 'shake', 'grind', 'centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000359

Deeply anesthetize the rats with 3% ______ in an induction chamber.	isoflurane	['ethanol', 'chloroform', 'isoflurane', 'ketamine', 'halothane']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000360

Insert a temperature sensor into the rats' anus and maintain the temperature at ______°C by a temperature controller.	37	['37', '40', '25', '35', '30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000361

Inject 1μl collagenase type IV (0.25U/μl) into the corpus striatum (5mm below the skull) by a 5μl Hamilton syringe at a slow rate of ______ μl/min.	0.2	['1.0', '2.0', '0.2', '0.5', '0.1']	operation	TEST-PQA-000362

Centrifuge the overnight culture in a bench-top centrifuge for 10 minutes at ____×g in swing out buckets with 15mL tube inserts and aerosol tight lids.	3,200	['5,000', '2,500', '3,200', '4,000', '6,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000363

Resuspend the pellet in 2mL of 1x ____ after discarding the supernatant.	phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)	['phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)', 'Tris buffer', 'saline solution', 'sodium chloride', 'distilled water']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000364

Using a fixed angle rotor with an aerosol tight lid, ____ the prepared tubes in a microcentrifuge for 10 minutes at 8,000×g.	centrifuge	['vortex', 'centrifuge', 'heat', 'shake', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000365

Resuscitate E. coli BL21(DE3) from bacterial glycerol stock (-80°C) by inoculating sterile LB agar plate (10 g/L tryptone, 5 g/L yeast extract, 10 g/L NaCl, and 15 g/L agar). Put the plate into a standard incubator and cultivate overnight at ____°C.	37	['25', '50', '37', '42', '30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000366

Boil freeze-dried E. coli powder (50 mg) in 1 mL of 30% w/v ____ for 1 h.	KOH	['NaOH', 'NaCl', 'KOH', 'HCl', 'H₂SO₄']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000367

After 2 min, draw the excess sample off the grid using a filter paper and ____ the grid with 2-3 drops of 1% uranyl acetate.	stain	['stir', 'heat', 'stain', 'rinse', 'dry']	operation	TEST-PQA-000368

Count cells and adjust to a suitable concentration, e.g. ____/ml.	4x10^6	['5x10^6', '3x10^6', '4x10^6', '2x10^6', '1x10^5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000369

Transfer the Matrigel plug into a 50m tube with 7m cell medium RPMI1640 supplemented with 0.3m/ml DNase and ____.	1mg/ml collagenase IV	['1mg/ml collagenase I', '0.5mg/ml collagenase IV', '2mg/ml collagenase II', '1mg/ml collagenase IV', '0.1mg/ml collagenase III']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000370

Place the tubes in a water bath for 30 minutes at ____.	37°C	['25°C', '50°C', '30°C', '37°C', '40°C']	operation	TEST-PQA-000371

Prepare single cell suspension in ice-cold RPMI1640 supplemented with ______% FBS.	10	['5', '15', '10', '25', '20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000372

Culture the cells in complete medium containing 15% FBS with bryostatin-1 (5 nM) and ionomycin (1 uM) along with 80U/ mL of ______.	IL-2	['TNF-α', 'IL-2', 'IL-7', 'IFN-γ', 'IL-15']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000373

Stain the cells by culturing with FITC-CD4 and PE-CD8 antibodies for 20 minutes on ice and then ______ the cells two times with 2mL of ice-cold PBS supplemented with 1% FBS and 0.1% sodium azide.	wash	['freeze', 'centrifuge', 'wash', 'heat', 'mix']	operation	TEST-PQA-000374

Make the lipid master mix by dissolving 1 g of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 100 mg of polyethylene glycol-reacted (PEGylated) lipids, and 25 mg of ______ into 10 mL of chloroform.	biotinylated lipids	['biotinylated lipids', 'phospholipids', 'sphingolipids', 'cholesterol', 'glycolipids']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000375

Transfer the glass vial to a vacuum drying oven at room temperature (RT) for ______ h for complete removal of the chloroform from the lipids.	16-24	['48-72', '24-48', '12-16', '16-24', '8-12']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000376

______ the lipid solution on ice with a micro-tip sonicator to form small unilamellar vesicles.	Sonicate	['Freeze', 'Sonicate', 'Heat', 'Stir', 'Centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000377

For primary human coronary artery EC, use EBM-2 EC basal media with ______ growth factors.	EGM2 MV	['EGM2 MV', 'SmGM-2', 'PBS', 'FBS', 'EGF']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000378

Trypsinize a 225 cm² flask of SMC with ______ mL of pre-warmed 2X Trypsin-EDTA solution.	3	['2', '3', '4', '1', '5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000379

Use the cell lifter to ______ down the cells to one end of the insert.	scrape	['shake', 'vortex', 'scrape', 'centrifuge', 'pipet']	operation	TEST-PQA-000380

Set the rotation at ____ rpm and the hot plate at 60°C, and leave it stirring for 12 hours.	300	['400', '300', '250', '350', '200']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000381

Dissolve the P3HT:O-IDTBR solids in 4.5 mL of ____:bromoanisole (0.95:0.05) solvent mixture.	dichlorobenzene	['hexane', 'toluene', 'ethanol', 'dichlorobenzene', 'acetone']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000382

Manually press the ink from the syringe through the hose and stop 1 cm before the ink reaches the ____.	coating head	['coating head', 'detector', 'hot plate', 'pump', 'substrate']	operation	TEST-PQA-000383

The diffusion of oxygen through the ____ micron gas permeable polystyrene film is equal to the diffusion through 2.6m m of media.	76.2	['120.5', '150.0', '100.0', '76.2', '50.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000384

To begin the harvest procedure, tube weld the cell dissociation solution and ______ bags together to form the harvesting bag assembly.	quench	['media', 'buffer', 'waste', 'serum', 'quench']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000385

Place the HYPERStack 36 Layer Vessel into the CSM in the load position; hook the vent filter tube into the holding clamp on the CSM. Tighten the lid and ______ the CSM to the fill position.	move	['adjust', 'lift', 'secure', 'rotate', 'move']	operation	TEST-PQA-000386

Incubate the tube containing FDB upright on an orbital shaker at 37°C for ______ min with a speed of 160 rpm.	60-90	['30-45', '120-150', '45-60', '90-120', '60-90']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000387

Transfer the FDB muscle by picking up with forceps via its tendons to avoid additional damage to the muscle fibers and place into a tube with a thawed aliquot of ______ prewarmed to 37°C.	Collagenase Digestion Solution	['Fluo-4 AM stock', 'TMRE stock', 'Collagenase Digestion Solution', 'Hypotonic Tyrode Solution', 'Isotonic Tyrode Solution']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000388

Transfer the digested FDB into tube with 700ul of Isotonic Tyrode Solution and gently ______ to release the fibers by drawing the muscle several times through a series of 200ml -micropipette tips of gradually decreasing diameter.	triturate	['shake', 'stir', 'centrifuge', 'triturate', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000389

After 18 – 24 h of bacterial incubation, inoculate THY with 1 mL of bacterial suspension until an optical density of ____ is achieved.	0.6 – 0.7	['1.0 – 1.1', '0.8 – 0.9', '0.4 – 0.5', '0.6 – 0.7', '0.2 – 0.3']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000390

Coat experimental sample dishes with 1 mL of ______ solution or enough to cover the glass portion of the glass-bottomed dish.	poly-l-lysine	['phosphate buffered saline', 'ethanol', 'basement membrane matrix', 'poly-l-lysine', 'paraformaldehyde']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000391

Using gloves, ______ the AFM chip into the glass block by using the AFM chip mounting stage, tweezers, and a small screwdriver.	mount	['remove', 'adjust', 'calibrate', 'clean', 'mount']	operation	TEST-PQA-000392

Culture mosquito larvae from eggs on a 12h day/12 h night cycle at ____°C and 75.85% relative humidity (RH).	28	['35', '28', '30', '25', '40']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000393

Prepare a stock solution of the test chemistry in a 1.5mL tube. Depending on solubility characteristics, re-suspend in sterile d d H_2O, DMSO, or other suitable organic solvent of choice, such as ____.	acetone	['ethanol', 'isopropanol', 'water', 'methanol', 'acetone']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000394

Add the appropriate volume of test chemistry to each of the four replicate wells in the 24-well test plate and gently ____ the plate to ensure uniform mixing of chemistry.	swirl	['stir', 'vortex', 'shake', 'heat', 'swirl']	operation	TEST-PQA-000395

To prevent contamination with water, pre-dry all glassware being used in an oven at a temperature greater than ____°C for 1 hour.	60	['50', '70', '60', '80', '40']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000396

Pre-chill 100-150ml of anhydrous ______ for precipitation subsequently performed at step 1.6.	diethyl ether	['acetone', 'ethanol', 'diethyl ether', 'water', 'methanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000397

After microwaving, fully tighten the cap and ______ the vial for 30 seconds.	vortex	['stir', 'shake', 'heat', 'cool', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000398

Incubate the siRNA with the transfection reagent for ____ minutes at room temperature.	30	['30', '20', '60', '45', '15']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000399

Prepare the appropriate amount of ______ transfection reagent solution in Opti-MEM medium.	RNAiMAX	['RNAiMAX', 'Fugene', 'X-tremeGENE', 'TransIT', 'Lipofectamine']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000400

Add 1.5 mL of trypsin diluted 1:2 in PBS, and ______ the cells at 37°C for 10 minutes.	incubate	['incubate', 'vortex', 'heat', 'centrifuge', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000401

Add 100ng of pET26b containing VH-CH1-CD16 and 100 ng of pET21a containing VL-CL into 100uL of competent BL21 (DE3) cells. Mix well and incubate on ice for ____.	30 min	['20 min', '30 min', '60 min', '45 min', '10 min']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000402

Resuspend the cells thoroughly in 4mL of ice-cold sucrose solution (20mM of Tris-HCl, pH 7.5; 25% (wt/vol) sucrose and 1 mM of ____) per gram of cells, and incubate on ice for 15min.	EDTA	['PMSF', 'Tris-HCl', 'NaCl', 'MgCl₂', 'EDTA']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000403

Add the Ni-NTA agarose into the 50mL tube containing the sucrose fraction and periplasmic fraction. ____ at 4°C for 2h.	Rock	['Stir', 'Vortex', 'Shake', 'Spin', 'Rock']	operation	TEST-PQA-000404

Heat the mixture to ____°C in order to obtain a homogenous solution.	60	['70', '80', '60', '90', '50']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000405

Prepare the synthetic polymer (PLLA) solution: For freeze/extraction PLLA solution needs to be prepared in a binary mixture of dioxane and ____ (87;13% , v:v).	water	['methanol', 'isopropanol', 'ethanol', 'acetone', 'water']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000406

Extraction: Immerse the implants in 80% pre-chilled EtOH. Carry out the extraction at -20°C ____.	overnight	['for 6 hours', 'for 4 hours', 'for 2 hours', 'overnight', 'for 1 hour']	operation	TEST-PQA-000407

Prepare EC cell complete culture media with high glucose 4500m g/L Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with ____% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS).	5	['5', '15', '10', '2', '1']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000408

Weigh out 4 mg (for jejunum) or 24m g (for colon) of ______ in a 1.5mL microcentrifuge tube.	Collagenase XI	['Calcium Carbonate', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Potassium Phosphate', 'Collagenase XI', 'Magnesium Sulfate']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000409

Fill a 6 mL syringe with ice cold PBS and place the syringe needle into the lumen of the extracted intestinal segment. Use the microdissection forceps to clamp and seal the intestines around the syringe needle, and gently ______ 10m L of PBS through the lumen to rinse away fecal matter.	flush	['shake', 'freeze', 'flush', 'stir', 'boil']	operation	TEST-PQA-000410

Snip approximately ____ of the tail using sharp surgical scissors.	2mm	['1mm', '5mm', '3mm', '2mm', '10mm']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000411

Add ______ solution to the Direct PCR Lysis Reaction solution to prepare the Lysis Reaction Working solution.	Proteinase K	['Isopropyl alcohol', 'Proteinase K', 'MgCl₂', 'Bradford reagent', 'Styptic powder']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000412

______ tumor tissues using the PreCellys Evolution Tissue Homogenizer.	Homogenize	['Homogenize', 'Centrifuge', 'Vortex', 'Freeze', 'Incubate']	operation	TEST-PQA-000413

Add a minimum volume of ____ mL of solution to each basket for the wash reservoirs.	600	['900', '800', '500', '600', '700']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000414

Use 4uL of ______ stock solution for DNA extraction from BM aspirate and Peripheral Blood.	RNase A	['Proteinase K', 'DNase I', 'Ethanol', 'Taq Polymerase', 'RNase A']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000415

After adding genomic DNA, ______ the plate briefly to ensure the solution reaches the bottom of each well.	centrifuge	['heat', 'centrifuge', 'shake', 'vortex', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000416

Store cell culture media in the dark at ____°C when not in use since it is light sensitive.	4	['6', '2', '8', '10', '4']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000417

Spray all the items placed inside the cabinet with ____% EtOH and wipe them dry.	70	['50', '90', '60', '80', '70']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000418

Carefully remove the metal cap from the storage container. Isolate one glass pipette by gently ____ the container at an angle.	shaking	['freezing', 'boiling', 'stirring', 'pouring', 'shaking']	operation	TEST-PQA-000419

Balance the centrifuge bottles carefully and spin at ______ × g for 10 minutes at 4°C.	5,000	['3,000', '2,000', '7,000', '5,000', '10,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000420

Resuspend the pellet of each tube with 3 mL of the ______ sucrose gradient buffer.	45%	['30%', '50%', '45%', '60%', '75%']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000421

Use rapid blast for 3 seconds from the Waring blender, repeated ______ at high speed.	twice	['five times', 'three times', 'twice', 'four times', 'once']	operation	TEST-PQA-000422

Incubate each of the desired wells of 96-well CMTP with 100uL of 1% (w/v) KOH for ____ min at 37°C.	10	['30', '10', '15', '5', '20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000423

Reconstitute the procured APTES solution in autoclaved DIW to make ____% (v/v) APTES just before functionalization.	2	['5', '3', '1', '2', '4']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000424

Block the antibody-bound wells with 300 µL of 1% (w/v) BSA for 30 min at ____.	37°C	['42°C', '60°C', '50°C', '37°C', '25°C']	operation	TEST-PQA-000425

Manually explore the parameter space to determine an initial parameter guess that approximately fits the data using the script ______.	play_model.m	['lsqcurvefit.m', 'play_model.m', 'manips_postFitAnalysis.m', 'importData.m', 'fitGlobal.m']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000426

Fit the model to the data using a built-in minimization function of Matlab, such as ______, and launch the fit using launch_fit.m.	lsqcurvefit	['play_model', 'fminsearch', 'importData', 'fmincon', 'lsqcurvefit']	operation	TEST-PQA-000427

Compute the coefficient of determination (______) to quantify the goodness-of-fit.	R^2	['R^4', 'R^1', 'R^3', 'R^2', 'R^5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000428

Microwave the slides for ____ minutes in water at high power (700W).	5	['3', '10', '15', '5', '7']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000429

Prepare the aminosilanization solution by mixing methanol, acetic acid, and ____.	aminosilane	['biotin-PEG', 'KOH', 'mPEG', 'methanol', 'aminosilane']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000430

Sonicate the slides and coverslips in acetone for 30 minutes in a bath sonicator at 23°C. Afterward, ____ the slides in 5 M KOH for 30 minutes.	sonicate	['stir', 'rinse', 'microwave', 'sonicate', 'shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-000431

Harvest MEFs from wildtype mouse embryos on day ____.	12.5	['12.5', '10.0', '12.0', '13.0', '11.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000432

Treat MEF cells with ______ to inhibit further proliferation.	Mitomycin C (MMC)	['DMSO', 'Trypsin', 'Ethanol', 'Mitomycin C (MMC)', 'PBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000433

______ the forward and reverse sgRNA oligonucleotides.	Anneal	['Vortex', 'Centrifuge', 'Freeze', 'Anneal', 'Boil']	operation	TEST-PQA-000434

Suspend the ID8 cell in DMEM, count the cells, and prepare a suspension at a density of ____ cells per ml.	1×10^6	['1×10^5', '1×10^7', '1×10^8', '1×10^6', '1×10^4']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000435

Add ______ in DMEM solution to the tube and incubate at 37°C for 1 hour.	collagenase	['trypsin', 'formaldehyde', 'EDTA', 'PBS', 'collagenase']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000436

Add buffered paraformaldehyde to the wells and ______ for 10 minutes.	incubate	['incubate', 'centrifuge', 'freeze', 'stir', 'wash']	operation	TEST-PQA-000437

To help the tissue fragments attach to the bottom, set the flask tilted at a ____ angle in a tissue culture incubator at 37°C, 5% CO2 for 20 min.	20°-30°	['50°-60°', '20°-30°', '40°-50°', '30°-40°', '10°-20°']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000438

Place the tissue in a 60 mm Petri dish with 1 mL of complete RPMI (RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM L-glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 1x MEM non-essential amino acids solution, and penicillin (100 IU/mL)/streptomycin 100u/mL)).	complete RPMI	['complete RPMI', 'PBS', 'DMEM', 'LB broth', 'HBSS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000439

Using a 31 G insulin syringe needle, 6 mm long, held at an acute angle, gently ____ the skin with the bevel facing upward.	puncture	['burn', 'scrape', 'puncture', 'cut', 'squeeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000440

In our patient, imaging demonstrated a promising treatment response as well as a ____% reduction in her serum CA 19-9 levels.	94	['95', '90', '94', '85', '80']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000441

Divide the splenic vein and coronary vein to assist in visualization of arterial anatomy and retraction. Additionally, the ______ may be ligated if it inserts into the splenic vein.	inferior mesenteric vein	['superior mesenteric vein', 'inferior mesenteric vein', 'portal vein', 'renal vein', 'hepatic vein']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000442

Continue the retroperitoneal dissection laterally with a combination of hook and ______ cautery.	bipolar	['ultrasonic', 'laser', 'thermal', 'bipolar', 'monopolar']	operation	TEST-PQA-000443

Prepare Modified Youngren's Only Bacto-peptone (MYOB) dry mix containing 5.5g of Tris HCl, 2.4g of Tris base, 31g of Bactopetone, 20g of NaCl and ____g of cholesterol.	0.08	['0.08', '0.10', '0.05', '0.15', '0.20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000444

After autoclaving, allow the medium to cool down to about 55°C and add 1m of 1M isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and 1 ml of 100mM ______.	ampicillin	['tetracycline', 'chloramphenicol', 'streptomycin', 'kanamycin', 'ampicillin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000445

Using the dissecting microscope, count survival every hr. Gently ______ the plate before starting to count.	shake	['vortex', 'heat', 'shake', 'cool', 'stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000446

The FBS is heat-inactivated at ____°C for 30 min prior to addition.	56	['45', '70', '37', '60', '56']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000447

Prepare a working solution of Cell Tracker Red (CTR) by mixing 0.5ul CTR stock (1 mM) to 150ul ____.	RPMI-PLGH	['FBS', 'HEPES', 'R10', 'RPMI-PLGH', 'PBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000448

Layer 3.5ml of FICOLL-Paque Plus to the bottom of each conical tube containing target and effector cells. Layer the FICOLL ____ to ensure good formation of layers between FICOLL and media.	slowly	['slowly', 'vigorously', 'quickly', 'carefully', 'gently']	operation	TEST-PQA-000449

Irradiate cells by setting ____ on the Stratalinker UV crosslinker.	40J/m^2	['30J/m^2', '50J/m^2', '60J/m^2', '20J/m^2', '40J/m^2']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000450

Resuspend the cells in 200 μL of 1 × PBS and add 20 μL of ____.	Proteinase K	['Buffer AL', 'Ethanol', 'Proteinase K', 'Trypsin', 'BSA']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000451

Add 200 μL of buffer AL, mix thoroughly by ____, and incubate at 37°C for 4 hours.	vortexing	['vortexing', 'freezing', 'stirring', 'shaking', 'boiling']	operation	TEST-PQA-000452

Centrifuge the suspension at ____× g for 3 min at 4°C.	390	['200', '390', '400', '300', '500']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000453

Resuspend the crypt pellet in 20mL of ____ DMEM (advanced DMEM/F 72+ penicillin-streptomycin 1%+ gentamicin 0.5%+ fetal bovine serum 1%+ sorbitol 2%).	sorbitol	['sorbitol', 'sucrose', 'lactose', 'glucose', 'fructose']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000454

Shake the pieces up and down vigorously by hand ____ times to release the crypt-villus complexes.	30x-40x	['20x-30x', '40x-50x', '30x-40x', '50x-60x', '10x-20x']	operation	TEST-PQA-000455

Grind tissue in Geno/Grinder blocks pre-cooled in liquid nitrogen for ____ seconds at 30/s frequency.	30	['25', '40', '20', '15', '30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000456

Add 800 µl pre-cooled ______ solution into each tube and resuspend the tissue powder with a vortex mixer.	TRI Reagent	['DEPC-Treated Water', 'TRI Reagent', 'EtOH', 'PBS', 'RNA Wash Buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000457

______ all tubes at 10,000 × g in a benchtop centrifuge for 8 minutes.	Spin	['Vortex', 'Freeze', 'Shake', 'Heat', 'Spin']	operation	TEST-PQA-000458

Centrifuge cells at ____×g, 5min, 4°C.	350	['350', '500', '300', '400', '250']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000459

Resuspend cells in 50ml of fresh R10 (room temperature), supplemented with ____ of recombinant human IL-2.	30U/ml	['40U/ml', '30U/ml', '10U/ml', '50U/ml', '20U/ml']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000460

Collect cells with a 5ml pipette (pipette up and down at least 3 times in order to homogenize the cell suspension) and pass them through a 70um cell strainer, into a 50ml sterile conical tube. Then, ____ the filter with 7ml of ice cold sterile 1x PBS and collect.	wash	['rinse', 'wash', 'flush', 'clean', 'filter']	operation	TEST-PQA-000461

Prepare the perfusion solution by combining 86 mL of 25% albumin, 184 mL of Williams’ media, 30 mL of penicillin/streptomycin, insulin (50 U/L), heparin (0.01 cup/mL), L-glutamine (0.292 g/L), and hydrocortisone (0.010 g/L) to a total volume of ____ mL.	300	['350', '300', '250', '400', '450']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000462

For the base perfusate and PEG-CAT group, add 625 cup/mL of ______ to the perfusion solution.	PEG-CAT	['PEG-CAT', 'NaCl', 'THAM', 'MgCl₂', 'H₂O']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000463

Begin with a 6G angiocatheter. Cut a 7 mm section of tubing. Determine the midpoint of the 7 mm section by measuring ____ mm. Incise at the midpoint and remove the anterior half of the tubing.	3.5	['4.5', '2.5', '3.5', '4.0', '3.0']	operation	TEST-PQA-000464

Spin tubes for 1 min in a benchtop microcentrifuge set to ____×g, to collect animals into a loose pellet without damaging them.	4,000	['4,000', '6,000', '3,000', '2,000', '5,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000465

Add 1 mL of ______ solution (see Recipes).	bleaching	['fixing', 'neutralizing', 'bleaching', 'staining', 'washing']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000466

Using the mouth pipette, blow air on the surface of the tetramisole solution to create a “minivortex” for ____ s.	10	['10', '5', '20', '30', '15']	operation	TEST-PQA-000467

Incubate the sample at ____°C for 3 hours.	37	['50', '30', '42', '37', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000468

Mix the in vitro-synthesized protein with SDS sample buffer and ____, and then heat at 70°C for 20 minutes.	DTT	['PBS', 'NaCl', 'EDTA', 'DTT', 'Tris-HCl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000469

____ the DNA mixture at 95°C for 10 minutes and then let it cool down to room temperature.	Incubate	['Boil', 'Freeze', 'Stir', 'Vortex', 'Incubate']	operation	TEST-PQA-000470

Incubate in a shaking incubator at 200rpm and ____°C overnight.	37	['37', '40', '25', '30', '45']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000471

Resuspend the pellet in 1~mL of freshly prepared LB-medium + ____% glycerol.	30	['20', '40', '30', '10', '50']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000472

____ the S.tm culture at 4,967× g at room temperature for 5 min.	Centrifuge	['Shake', 'Stir', 'Centrifuge', 'Freeze', 'Heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000473

Add 0.5ml Lysis buffer to a 1.5m tube containing mouse ear or tail clip and incubate for a minimum of ____ hours to overnight at 55°C while shaking at 200 rpm.	3	['3', '2', '4', '5', '1']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000474

Resuspend the DNA in 500ul of 10 mM ____, pH 8.0.	Tris	['MgCl₂', 'NaCl', 'HCl', 'Tris', 'H₂O']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000475

After lysis, ____ to disrupt the tissue.	vortex	['boil', 'freeze', 'shake', 'vortex', 'stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000476

Set the PCR program as follows: initial denaturation step at 95°C for 5 min, then 40 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 30 s, annealing at 60°C for ____ and elongation at 72°C for 1 min.	30s	['15s', '2 min', '45s', '1 min', '30s']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000477

Dissolve 12.5 g of LB and 6 g of agarose in 500 mL of dH2O and autoclave the LB agar medium (sterilization at 121° for 20 min). Add ____ to the medium for antibiotic selection.	kanamycin	['kanamycin', 'gentamicin', 'ampicillin', 'chloramphenicol', 'tetracycline']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000478

Apply heat shock to the mixture in a ____ water bath for 45 s.	42°C	['37°C', '65°C', '50°C', '42°C', '72°C']	operation	TEST-PQA-000479

Pick 3–6 individual colonies, inoculate 5mL of LB medium with ____ ug/mL ampicillin, and shake at 220 rpm at 30°C overnight.	100	['200', '100', '150', '50', '75']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000480

Culture HEK293T cells in DMEM high glucose medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 1×L-glutamine, 1× MEM-NEAA, and 1× ____.	penicillin/streptomycin	['penicillin/streptomycin', 'tetracycline', 'ampicillin', 'gentamicin', 'kanamycin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000481

____ the enzymatic reaction at 37°C for 3 hours.	Incubate	['Shake', 'Freeze', 'Centrifuge', 'Boil', 'Incubate']	operation	TEST-PQA-000482

Store or exchange the purified protein into a degassed buffer containing 50 mM Tris pH 7 and ____ mM TCEP.	1	['2', '10', '5', '1', '0.5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000483

Add 3-Maleimido proxyl from a stock solution to ____× molar excess of the protein of interest.	20	['10', '20', '15', '25', '30']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000484

Add the required amount of ascorbic acid to the NMR tube by placing a droplet below the rim of the tube, cap the tube, carefully invert the tube to mix, and then spin at ____× g for 10-20 s in a hand-cranked centrifuge to settle the sample at the bottom of the tube.	200-400	['100-200', '500-700', '200-400', '400-600', '300-500']	operation	TEST-PQA-000485

Culture HEK 293 cells in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)-high glucose (4.5:g/L) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% Penicillin & Streptomycin Mix, and 1 mM ______, in a 37°C incubator with 5% carbon dioxide (CO₂).	L-glutamine	['sodium chloride', 'magnesium sulfate', 'L-glutamine', 'calcium chloride', 'potassium phosphate']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000486

Add 4uL of PEI solution (1mg/mL) to the PBS-plasmid DNA mix (prepared as above). The final volume is approximately 100uL (5% volume of the culture medium). Vortex the tubes briefly and incubate the DNA:PEI mixture for ______ min at room temperature.	15	['5', '10', '15', '20', '30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000487

Quickly thaw the frozen tubes in a 37°C water bath. ______ the tubes vigorously for 1 min to maximize the recovery of AAV from cells.	Vortex	['Centrifuge', 'Vortex', 'Stir', 'Shake', 'Heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000488

Prepare isotonic (600m O s m) and hypotonic (500m O s m) solutions containing 10 mM KCl, 1 mM C a C l_2 , and 8 M 2-(N-morpholine)- ethanesulphonic acid (MES), p H5.7 and adjust osmolarity with the appropriate amounts of D-sorbitol: 540mM for the isotonic and ______mM for the hypotonic solution.	440	['500', '300', '540', '440', '600']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000489

Dissolve 5.7mg of the enzyme mix in 165ul isotonic solution 3.3% w/w) in a 1.5ml tube, mix gently by pipetting for a minute or so until dissolved, and place several similar drops of the ______ solution in the same Petri dish.	enzymatic	['sorbitol', 'MES', 'enzymatic', 'isotonic', 'hypotonic']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000490

Lift the piece by its edge using forceps, ______ it in the second drop (like a tea bag) to release the protoplasts.	shake	['boil', 'vortex', 'shake', 'stir', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000491

Anesthetize the mosquitoes by placing the cartons at ____ for 2-5 minutes.	4°C	['4°C', '37°C', '10°C', '0°C', '25°C']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000492

Provide several drops of ground fish food (Tetramin) slurry, roughly ____% w/v, for ad libitum feeding.	30	['10', '50', '30', '40', '20']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000493

Under a stereoscope at 2x-4x magnification, ____ the pupa ventral side up using a finely tipped paintbrush.	position	['cut', 'freeze', 'measure', 'position', 'stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000494

Clean and prepare the skin with a 2% chlorhexidine solution for a minimum of 15s and allow it to dry for a minimum of ____.	30s	['10s', '45s', '60s', '15s', '30s']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000495

To the needle, connect a syringe containing either 2 - 3 m L of undiluted ______, or 2-3 m L of a 1:1 mixture of methylene blue and the patient's blood.	methylene blue	['saline', 'methylene blue', 'lidocaine', 'chlorhexidine', 'iodine']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000496

Perform a ______ examination of the tracheobronchial tree to the segmental level, assessing for occult endobronchial disease.	white light bronchoscopy	['CT scan', 'MRI', 'white light bronchoscopy', 'ultrasound', 'X-ray']	operation	TEST-PQA-000497

Set the repetition rate of the laser to ______ Hz.	10k	['15k', '25k', '10k', '5k', '20k']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000498

Anesthetize the animal using ______ injected intraperitoneally before the experiment.	urethane	['formaldehyde', 'urethane', 'ethanol', 'saline', 'glucose']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000499

Preheat the laser for ______ minutes before use.	5	['3', '4', '6', '5', '2']	operation	TEST-PQA-000500

Sterilize coverslips by either autoclavation or dry heat sterilization at ____°C for 20 minutes.	180	['150', '200', '180', '250', '220']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000501

Seed 6-8×10^4 hTERT-RPE1 cells in 2 mL of pre-warmed DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 10% v/v Fetal Bovine Serum and 1% w/v ____.	Penicillin-Streptomycin	['Sodium Bicarbonate', 'Penicillin-Streptomycin', 'Calcium Chloride', 'Glucose', 'Magnesium Sulfate']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000502

Post-fixate cells in 2 mL of cold methanol (-20°C) for ____ minutes.	20	['15', '20', '30', '25', '10']	operation	TEST-PQA-000503

The buffer used in the runs contains 0.01 M Hepes at pH 7.4, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.0034 M EDTA, and ______% polysorbate 20.	0.05	['0.05', '0.01', '0.20', '0.50', '0.10']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000504

The papain target used in the study is ______, which has a methylthio group attached to Cys25 in the active cleft, rendering the protease catalytically inactive.	MMTS-papain	['MMTS-papain', 'EDTA-papain', 'Hepes-papain', 'NaOH-papain', 'NHS-papain']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000505

After activation of the surface, ______ is injected to deactivate remaining active esters.	ethanolamine	['sodium acetate', 'carbodiimide', 'ethanolamine', 'MMTS-papain', 'succinimide']	operation	TEST-PQA-000506

Add 50uL of 3.0 M sodium acetate, pH 4.8, and 1 mL of 100% ethanol to the aqueous phase. Vortex and precipitate at ____ for 30 minutes or overnight at -20°C.	-80°C	['4°C', '-20°C', '65°C', '-80°C', '100°C']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000507

Resuspend each pellet in 100uL of ____-treated water. Mix by vortexing and incubate the tubes at 65°C for 2 minutes before placing on ice.	DEPC	['PBS', 'Tris', 'DEPC', 'SDS', 'EDTA']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000508

Vortex for 1 minute and continue ____ on a rotating wheel for 5 minutes. Centrifuge at 12,000 rpm (17,200 xg) in a SS34 fixed angle rotor for 5 minutes.	mixing	['shaking', 'freezing', 'mixing', 'stirring', 'heating']	operation	TEST-PQA-000509

Fix eyes from the postnatal day 5 (P5) or P15 mouse in ____% paraformaldehyde (PFA) at room temperature (RT) for 15 min.	4	['6', '4', '2', '5', '10']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000510

Incubate retinas with Cy3- or FITC-conjugated anti-αSMA and biotin-IB4 in ______ solution overnight at 4 °C using a tube rotator.	Perm/Block	['Perm/Block', 'Methanol', 'PBS', 'BSA', 'PBSTX']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000511

______ retinas 4 times with PBSTX each for 10 min at RT.	Wash	['Wash', 'Incubate', 'Mount', 'Dissect', 'Fix']	operation	TEST-PQA-000512

Set the flow rate of the peristaltic pump to ____ mL/min to make the perfusion fill the tubing.	20	['25', '30', '20', '10', '15']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000513

Prepare a gas mixture containing 3% O₂, 6% CO₂, and 86% ____ as a hypoxic gas.	N₂	['N₂', 'O₂', 'H₂', 'He', 'CO₂']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000514

Make a 2-3 cm longitudinal incision with rodent surgical scissors along the midline of the neck in front of the trachea, cut the skin, and ____ the muscle tissue in front of the trachea.	dissect	['burn', 'suture', 'dissect', 'freeze', 'compress']	operation	TEST-PQA-000515

Image the grids at ____ °C using a long working distance objective to locate suitable cells for cryo-SXT imaging.	-196.5	['-200', '-150', '-100', '-196.5', '-250']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000516

Re-suspend the NPs in 20 µL of ____ to obtain a homogeneous solution.	serum-free medium or buffer solution	['ethanol', 'distilled water', 'PBS', 'growth medium', 'serum-free medium or buffer solution']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000517

Add 1.5 µL of Au NP fiducials on top of the cells and ____ for 30 s before blotting and plunging the grid.	leave to settle	['leave to settle', 'stir gently', 'heat', 'centrifuge', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000518

Check the o-ring seals by placing both empty housings in a tub full of water for ____ to 10 minutes.	5	['3', '10', '5', '15', '7']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000519

A small quantity of ______ (i.e., fluorescein) can be released to determine the current direction.	fluorescent dye	['distilled water', 'fluorescent dye', 'magnesium sulfate', 'sodium chloride', 'hydrogen peroxide']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000520

Once video collection is complete, ______ all components of SCUVA and restore the laser arm to its retracted position.	turn off	['recharge', 'clean', 'disassemble', 'turn on', 'turn off']	operation	TEST-PQA-000521

Heat the mixture at ____°C for 15 min and allow it to cool to room temperature.	55	['60', '50', '40', '70', '55']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000522

Dissolve the compounds in ______ to make stock solutions of 25-100mM.	dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)	['water', 'ethanol', 'dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)', 'acetone', 'methanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000523

Put the liposome on ice, and ______ with 1 second pulse interval for 1 minute, pause for 1 minute, and repeat until the solution becomes transparent yellow.	sonicate	['heat', 'shake', 'stir', 'centrifuge', 'sonicate']	operation	TEST-PQA-000524

Use steam sterilizer at ____°C as setting of 30 min for sterilization and 30 min for dry.	121	['140', '110', '121', '100', '130']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000525

Clean and disinfect the surgical site with 70% alcohol and ______ solution.	povidone iodine	['hydrogen peroxide', 'povidone iodine', 'ethanol', 'saline', 'formaldehyde']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000526

Inject the virus slowly (0.1 ul/min) using a high precision micropump and leave the needle in place for an additional ____ min to allow the virus to diffuse out.	10	['25', '20', '15', '5', '10']	operation	TEST-PQA-000527

Use inhaled isoflurane (____%) to induce anesthesia.	2%-5%	['5%-8%', '2%-5%', '1%-3%', '3%-6%', '4%-7%']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000528

Place a 6.5Fr or 7Fr endotracheal tube (ETT) with a stylet between the vocal folds into the trachea. In case of laryngospasm due to mucosal irritation, apply ____ on the vocal folds and the median glosso-epiglottic field and reassess.	2% lidocaine	['1% adrenaline', '5% povidone-iodine', '2% lidocaine', '0.9% saline', '3% hydrogen peroxide']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000529

Using a scalpel fitted with a number 10 sterile surgical blade, make a vertical ____ cm incision in the right groin 4 cm above and 4 cm below the right inguinal crease.	8	['5', '8', '6', '9', '7']	operation	TEST-PQA-000530

Incubate the PCR well at ____°C for 10 min after adding lysis buffer.	65	['37', '50', '30', '65', '75']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000531

Add 160μl of ____ beads to the end-repaired sample for purification.	Agencourt Ampure XP	['QIAquick PCR Purification', 'MinElute Gel Extraction', 'Magnetic Stand', 'Agencourt RNAClean XP', 'Agencourt Ampure XP']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000532

Use repeated ____ in and out to destroy the cell walls and disrupt the tetrads.	aspiration	['vortexing', 'centrifugation', 'sonication', 'incubation', 'aspiration']	operation	TEST-PQA-000533

Thaw 100ul of the stock metagenomic library on ice and inoculate in a 500ml flask containing 50ml Luria-Bertani (LB) and ______ chloramphenicol followed by 37°C incubation for 2hr.	12.5 µg/ml	['20 µg/ml', '15 µg/ml', '25 µg/ml', '12.5 µg/ml', '10 µg/ml']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000534

Resuspend the pellet in 50ul ice-cold DW with ______ glycerol. Use 50ul of this cell aliquot for electroporation.	10% (v/v)	['25% (v/v)', '20% (v/v)', '15% (v/v)', '10% (v/v)', '5% (v/v)']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000535

Quickly add 1ml super optimal broth with catabolite repression (SOC) medium and ______ the cells gently.	resuspend	['stir', 'resuspend', 'freeze', 'shake', 'boil']	operation	TEST-PQA-000536

Incubate blood sample in Red top tube for at least ____ min at room temperature (to form a clot).	30	['25', '15', '20', '30', '45']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000537

Slowly remove the serum into a sterile transfer ____.	pipette	['pipette', 'syringe', 'beaker', 'tube', 'flask']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000538

____ the red top tubes for 10 min at 1,200 RCF.	Centrifuge	['Heat', 'Freeze', 'Stir', 'Shake', 'Centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000539

To prepare 500mL of complete cell culture medium for REF52 cells, add ____% FBS to high-glucose DMEM.	10	['25', '5', '20', '10', '15']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000540

Prepare a 25u/m L solution of fibronectin (FN) by adding 300uL of 1mg/mL FN solution to 12mL of sterile 1x ____, pH 7.4.	phosphate buffered saline (PBS)	['magnesium chloride (MgCl₂)', 'potassium phosphate (KPO₄)', 'phosphate buffered saline (PBS)', 'tris buffer', 'sodium chloride (NaCl)']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000541

When preparing a 0.5% (w/v) delipidated bovine serum albumin (dlBSA) solution, ____ the solution well, but do not vortex.	mix	['stir', 'shake', 'mix', 'boil', 'heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000542

Incubate eggs approximately ____ hours for Stages 8-9.	35	['38', '30', '35', '72', '48']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000543

Prepare 250ml of 1x ____ using deionized water.	HBSS	"['Tris', ""Ringer's Solution"", 'EDTA', 'Fast Green FCF', 'HBSS']"	reagent	TEST-PQA-000544

____ the glass capillary needle with the experimental solution using the microinjector footswitch.	Load	['Sterilize', 'Load', 'Attach', 'Adjust', 'Clean']	operation	TEST-PQA-000545

Add 1 ml PI-DMSO solution and PI-H2O control into different 1.5ml ______ tubes.	microcentrifuge	['centrifuge', 'vial', 'culture', 'test', 'microcentrifuge']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000546

Incubate at ______ temperature.	room	['high', 'ambient', 'body', 'room', 'low']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000547

After 5 min, 30 min, 2 h, and 5 h take out the pinnae, rinse briefly in distilled water to ______ residual PI.	remove	['measure', 'mix', 'observe', 'remove', 'add']	operation	TEST-PQA-000548

Administer ____ of inhaled salbutamol from a metered dose inhaler (MDI) through a spacer device.	400u	['600u', '400u', '300u', '200u', '500u']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000549

Fill the cup with either 50mL of hypertonic saline (5%) or 50mL of isotonic saline (____).	0.9%	['0.9%', '0.5%', '1.0%', '2.0%', '1.5%']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000550

Slowly ____ the sample for 30s.	vortex	['stir', 'boil', 'shake', 'freeze', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000551

Vortex the sample at ______ rpm for 15 seconds after adding the lysis buffer.	3,000	['1,000', '4,000', '3,000', '2,000', '5,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000552

Add 200 µL of ______ (96-100%) to the sample and mix thoroughly by vortexing.	ethanol	['water', 'ethanol', 'isopropanol', 'methanol', 'acetone']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000553

Use the following PCR cycling parameters: predenaturation at 95°C for 10 minutes; denaturation at 95°C for ______, annealing at 48°C for 30 seconds, extension at 72°C for 45 seconds for a total of 40 cycles; and final extension at 72°C for 10 minutes.	30 seconds	['2 minutes', '30 seconds', '45 seconds', '1 minute', '15 seconds']	operation	TEST-PQA-000554

Place the centrifuge tube in a ____ freezer for 3h and then in a 37°C oven for 3h.	-80°C	['-40°C', '-60°C', '-20°C', '-100°C', '-80°C']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000555

Add 10 mL of ____ solution (0.25% trypsin in PBS), and place the tube on a shaker at 37°C for 24h.	trypsin	['peracetic acid', 'Triton X-100', 'nuclease', 'trypsin', 'pepsin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000556

Put the decellularized cartilage into a grinding bowl, add liquid nitrogen, and ____ the decellularized cartilage to form a powder.	grind	['boil', 'grind', 'freeze', 'shake', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000557

Use the reciprocating saw to make a vertical tibial saw cut. Ensure the cut is just medial to the apex of the ____ tibial spine.	medial	['medial', 'anterior', 'lateral', 'central', 'posterior']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000558

Select a ____ mm G-clamp. Connect the G-clamp, tibial saw guide, and femoral sizing spoon together.	3	['2', '6', '5', '4', '3']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000559

Remove the shim from the tibial resection guide and insert the slotted 0 shim. Use the oscillating saw blade to ____ the plateau.	excise	['clean', 'polish', 'excise', 'mark', 'measure']	operation	TEST-PQA-000560

Plate ____ cells/well (inner 24 wells) in 140 µl RPMI1640/10% FCS by using a 200ul single channel pipette.	100,000	['150,000', '125,000', '75,000', '50,000', '100,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000561

Prepare catalase at least ____ U/ml final concentration; Reference control: RPMI1640/10% FCS.	2,000	['3,000', '1,500', '2,000', '2,500', '1,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000562

Spin down the cells at ____×g for 5 min at 4°C.	300	['250', '350', '200', '300', '400']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000563

Create a narrow uniform diameter conduit (average ____ cm) with an initial fire of the 100m m stapler.	7-8	['9-10', '5-6', '6-7', '8-9', '7-8']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000564

Score the peritoneum circumferentially around the diaphragmatic crus with electrocautery and temporarily place a ____ around the intraabdominal esophagus.	Penrose drain	['Penrose drain', 'surgical clip', 'nasogastric tube', 'laparotomy sponge', 'vascular endostapler']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000565

Place the patient in the ____ position.	left lateral decubitus	['right lateral decubitus', 'supine', 'Trendelenburg', 'prone', 'left lateral decubitus']	operation	TEST-PQA-000566

The scanning parameters for the CT system include a layer thickness of ______ mm.	0.625	['0.800', '0.500', '0.750', '1.000', '0.625']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000567

If the original data contain a lot of image noise, process the data for ______ smoothing.	Gaussian	['Linear', 'Median', 'Gaussian', 'Exponential', 'Bilateral']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000568

Use the ______ tool to fix the incorrect layers in the segmented data.	Pen	['Marker', 'Eraser', 'Pencil', 'Brush', 'Pen']	operation	TEST-PQA-000569

Incubate the plate at ____°C for 24 hours.	37	['45', '37', '25', '30', '40']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000570

Transfer a loopful of cells with a sterile inoculation loop from the pure culture SDA plate into 2×2L of ____ divided into two Erlenmeyers.	YPG	['Tris HCl', 'NaCl', 'YPG', 'SDA', 'PBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000571

Filter the cell suspension into 2L aliquots with a Stericup with MILLIPORE Express PLUS 0.22 um filter with ____ suction.	vacuum	['vacuum', 'pressure', 'magnetic', 'gravity', 'centrifugal']	operation	TEST-PQA-000572

Pipette 2-3 ml of ____% liquefied agarose along the outside part of the tall plate.	1	['0.5', '1.5', '2.5', '1', '2']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000573

Clean plastic gel plates with ____% ethanol.	70	['60', '70', '50', '80', '90']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000574

Carefully lift up the cassette and apply the ____ while holding it levelled.	foldback clips	['foldback clips', 'paper towel', 'agarose', 'scotch tape', 'pipette tip']	operation	TEST-PQA-000575

Homogenize the spleen in 4mL of PBS containing ____% fetal bovine serum (FBS) using glass slides and remove aggregates and debris by passing the cell suspension through a 70um mesh nylon strainer.	2	['1', '5', '4', '2', '3']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000576

Add 50 uL/m L rat serum and 50uL/m L ____ to the cell sample obtained from step 1.1.5. Mix and incubate for 10m i n at room temperature.	C D4+T cell isolation cocktail	['red blood cell lysis buffer', 'streptavidin-coated magnetic particles', 'dextran-coated magnetic particles', 'C D4+T cell isolation cocktail', 'FcR blocker']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000577

____ the stock streptavidin-coated magnetic particle solution for 30 s or until the particles appear evenly dispersed.	Vortex	['Incubate', 'Stir', 'Shake', 'Centrifuge', 'Vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000578

Add the supplemented media to the culture dish with the cells and incubate for ____, rocking at room temperature to fix the cells.	10 min	['15 min', '5 min', '10 min', '30 min', '20 min']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000579

Quench the reaction by adding 1 M glycine until ____ and mix by rocking.	0.125 M	['0.125 M', '0.1 M', '1 M', '0.25 M', '0.5 M']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000580

____ the cells for 5 min, rocking at room temperature.	Incubate	['Stir', 'Vortex', 'Incubate', 'Boil', 'Freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000581

Centrifuge for 10 min at ____× g at 4°C to pellet cells.	3,000	['1,000', '5,000', '4,000', '3,000', '2,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000582

Add in the following order: 100µl of 5× high ionic strength buffer, 90µl of nucleoside triphosphate mixture, 1µl of 1m/ml of α-amanitin solution, MilliQ H2O to 400µl, and 100µl of ____.	nuclei	['MgCl₂', 'KOH', 'PBS', 'nuclei', 'TCA']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000583

Suspend the cells in 10ml of homogenization solution and disrupt cytoplasmic membranes and cytoplasm by ____ with pestle and potter tissue grinder with a motor driven device.	homogenization	['boiling', 'vortexing', 'shaking', 'homogenization', 'centrifugation']	operation	TEST-PQA-000584

To make 500mL of complete medium, mix 445mL of Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with 50mL of FBS and ____ mL of PEST in a 1 L sterilized glass bottle.	5	['2', '20', '15', '10', '5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000585

Prepare tyrosinase substrate solution: 0.1% 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA, w/v) dissolved in ______.	tyrosinase inhibitor assay buffer	['tyrosinase inhibitor assay buffer', 'HCl solution', 'DMEM', 'PBS', 'lysine buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000586

Add 140uL of a solution containing tyrosinase substrate (DOPA) to a 96-well clear polystyrene microplate, ______ gently, and incubate for 2 h at 37°C.	shake	['vortex', 'shake', 'stir', 'boil', 'centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000587

Attach the camera trocar to the CO₂ insufflator and inflate to ____ mmHg pressure.	12-15	['15-20', '20-25', '12-15', '10-12', '5-10']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000588

Administer ______ clysma 4-8 h before the operation to clean the rectum.	natriumlaurylsulfoacetate-sorbitolnatriumcitratedihydrate	['calcium carbonate', 'magnesium sulfate', 'natriumlaurylsulfoacetate-sorbitolnatriumcitratedihydrate', 'potassium chloride', 'sodium chloride']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000589

Move the patient cart to the right-hand side of the patient until the third arm can be connected to the camera trocar. Optimize the positioning of the patient cart further using the ____ application of the system.	automatic	['automatic', 'semi-automatic', 'assisted', 'remote', 'manual']	operation	TEST-PQA-000590

Grow Arabidopsis seedlings in potting soil under regular growth conditions (at ____°C with a 12-h light photoperiod and light intensity of 180 umol/m^2/s) until rosettes are fully expanded (4 cm diameter).	22	['20', '25', '22', '30', '18']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000591

The extraction buffer contains ____% (v/v) methanol.	90	['100', '85', '95', '80', '90']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000592

Grind the frozen leaf tissues in a ____ to get a fine powder.	mortar and pestle	['mortar and pestle', 'pipette', 'centrifuge', 'vortex', 'blender']	operation	TEST-PQA-000593

In the T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient-echo anatomical scan, the flip angle is set to ______.	20°	['20°', '15°', '30°', '10°', '25°']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000594

For motor threshold determination, use a stimulator equipped with a ______ coil for deeper pulse penetration into medial areas.	fluid-cooled	['electric', 'air-cooled', 'fluid-cooled', 'magnetic', 'water-cooled']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000595

For 10Hz stimulation, gently ______ the coil laterally to stimulate the left hemisphere, then re-orient it by 180° to stimulate the right hemisphere.	orient	['move', 'shift', 'orient', 'rotate', 'adjust']	operation	TEST-PQA-000596

Rinse the 3D-printed parts with 15 mL of 95% ethanol three times. Then, fully crosslink the printed pieces for ____ in a flashlight polymerization device.	200s	['300s', '100s', '200s', '150s', '250s']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000597

Dissolve the GelMA in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS with Ca2+ and Mg2+) at 15% (w/v). To ensure the pH is at 7.4, add ____ in small amounts until the pH reaches 7.4.	NaOH	['MgCl₂', 'NaCl', 'HCl', 'H₂O', 'NaOH']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000598
Using a 200 µL pipette, add the cell suspension to fill up the insert (____ per insert).	50 µL	['50 µL', '100 µL', '25 µL', '75 µL', '150 µL']	operation	TEST-PQA-000599
Wipe the laminar flow surface and dissecting microscope with ______% ethanol.	96	['80', '100', '90', '96', '70']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000600
Add two sterile filter papers to a sterile petri dish and wet them with 2 ml of ______.	sterile water	['distilled vinegar', 'ethanol', 'sterile water', 'saline solution', '1/2 MS medium']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000601
Use the sapphire/diamond knife to ______ the cotyledons from all seedlings.	remove	['soak', 'clean', 'dry', 'attach', 'remove']	operation	TEST-PQA-000602
Culture K562 cells at ____°C to approximately 50% confluence in RPMI media supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% P/S.	37	['25', '37', '42', '30', '50']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000603
Dissolve 4-thiouridine in a minimal volume of water and add to 5 mL cultured cells at ____ final concentration.	100uM	['100uM', '500uM', '50uM', '1mM', '200uM']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000604
____ cells for 3 min at 300×g, 4°C in a pre-chilled centrifuge.	Pellet	['Incubate', 'Pellet', 'Aspirate', 'Vortex', 'Resuspend']	operation	TEST-PQA-000605
Perform anesthesia using a standard anesthetic induction protocol which includes 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium bromide, 0.05 mg/kg midazolam, and ____ ug/kg fentanyl.	1-2	['1-2', '3-4', '4-5', '0.5-1', '2-3']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000606
Use a solution of 10% sterile ______ for topical sterilization.	povidone-iodine	['chlorhexidine', 'hydrogen peroxide', 'sodium hypochlorite', 'povidone-iodine', 'isopropyl alcohol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000607
Pierce the fascia overlying the first rib and ______ away the periosteum overlying the superior part of the rib.	dissect	['tear', 'cut', 'dissect', 'peel', 'scrape']	operation	TEST-PQA-000608
Immediately collect a sample from the vagina of each rat with a sterile P200 pipette tip filled with ____ of sterile physiological saline.	50-60u1	['90-100u1', '20-30u1', '30-40u1', '50-60u1', '70-80u1']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000609
Heat the distilled water to a maximum of 65°C and place the bottle containing the ____ solution in the distilled water for 10min.	polyI:C	['HCl', 'NaCl', 'polyI:C', 'H₂O', 'MgCl₂']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000610
Place the rat inside the anesthesia induction chamber. Induce anesthesia with ____ isofluorane.	5%	['6%', '5%', '4%', '3%', '2%']	operation	TEST-PQA-000611
To destroy contaminating endotoxin, bake cleaned glassware that will hold buffers in an oven at ____°C for 4 h.	180	['180', '150', '200', '250', '220']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000612
Weigh out 20 mg of ______ into an endotoxin-free, 1.5 mL centrifuge tube.	1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC)	['1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC)', 'MOMP plasmid', 'PEG5k-CA8 telodendrimer', 'trehalose', 'methionine']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000613
Place the reaction in a shaker at 300 rpm, 30°C for up to 18h. To verify that the reaction was successful, use a UV light source to check for ____ due to the synthesis of the control GFP.	fluorescence	['color change', 'turbidity', 'pH shift', 'precipitation', 'fluorescence']	operation	TEST-PQA-000614
Incubate the intestines with 10ml CD buffer for 10 minutes at ____°C and 100 rpm.	37	['42', '25', '50', '30', '37']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000615
______ is used as a chelator and HEPES as a buffer component for gentle cell dissociation.	EDTA	['H₂O', 'EDTA', 'HCl', 'NaCl', 'MgCl₂']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000616
______ the samples to ensure proper mixing.	Vortex	['Boil', 'Shake', 'Stir', 'Vortex', 'Freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000617
Centrifuge cells at ______×g for 5 min.	3,000	['2,000', '1,000', '3,000', '5,000', '4,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000618
The master mix for one sample includes ______ as the enzyme.	Taq polymerase	['dNTP', 'BSA', 'Taq polymerase', 'Primer mix', 'Cy5-TS primer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000619
______ the samples at 25°C for 40 min for extension.	Incubate	['Incubate', 'Shake', 'Heat', 'Freeze', 'Centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000620
Polymerize the tubulin for 20-40 minutes in a heated water bath at ____°C.	37	['40', '30', '45', '37', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000621
Prepare a 10× oxygen scavenging mixture (OS) by combining 30mL cold PIPES buffer, 5mL of 50% 2-mercaptoethanol, 5 mL glucose oxidase, 5 mL catalase, and 5mL ____.	glucose	['maltose', 'sucrose', 'fructose', 'glucose', 'lactose']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000622
Apply a voltage up to 1V and observe ____ of MTs.	migration	['fragmentation', 'dissolution', 'polymerization', 'migration', 'aggregation']	operation	TEST-PQA-000623
Autoclaving is carried out for 15 min at ____°C and 98.9 kPa.	121	['100', '110', '121', '140', '130']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000624
Prepare 1 L of PBS-Tween (PBS-T) solution by adding ____% Tween to 1 L of 1x PBS.	0.1	['1.0', '0.5', '0.1', '0.05', '0.2']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000625
Before starting the ubiquitylation reactions, set up a PCR thermal cycler with the following program: 2h, ____°C followed by 4°C infinitely.	37	['42', '37', '50', '30', '25']	operation	TEST-PQA-000626
Place the device in a vacuum for a minimum of ____ minutes to assure complete and bubble-free filling.	30	['35', '25', '15', '30', '20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000627
Prime the biochip by loading PBS buffer with 1% ______ via the loading chamber on the top right section of the biochip.	bovine serum albumin (BSA)	['magnesium chloride (MgCl₂)', 'sodium chloride (NaCl)', 'tris buffer', 'bovine serum albumin (BSA)', 'glucose']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000628
Perform initial cell capture tests using 20-μm polystyrene beads to ______ cell behavior.	emulate	['enhance', 'inhibit', 'emulate', 'measure', 'observe']	operation	TEST-PQA-000629
Centrifuge at 4°C: Maximum acceleration, Running time 15 min at ____xg, Maximum break.	490	['400', '490', '300', '500', '600']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000630
Count the cells with ______ solution (use Türks: cells in a ratio of 10:1).	Türk’s	['Türk’s', 'Staining Buffer', 'PBS', 'Trypan Blue', 'Lymphoprep']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000631
Pipette 10mI LymphoprepTM ______ the diluted cells.	underneath	['underneath', 'mixed with', 'around', 'beside', 'above']	operation	TEST-PQA-000632
Add 300uL per well of ______% trypsin/0.02% EDTA solution to the cell culture plate.	0.05	['0.10', '0.05', '0.01', '0.50', '1.00']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000633
Wash the cells once with 1-2mL of ______ per well (PBS without Ca2+/Mg2+).	PBS	['H2O', 'PBS', 'Trypsin', 'EDTA', 'DMEM']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000634
______ the cells at 300× g for 5 min to pellet them after adding fresh CA-MSC medium.	Centrifuge	['Stir', 'Shake', 'Incubate', 'Centrifuge', 'Vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000635
Add queuine hydrochloride solution to the cell culture media at a final concentration of ______.	0.1-1µM	['10-100µM', '100-1000µM', '0.1-1µM', '1-10µM', '0.01-0.1µM']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000636
Set up the reaction with 1x T4 PNK buffer, 6U/ul T4 PNK, 28 µCi/µl γ-32P ATP, and add ______ to the final volume of 10ul.	water	['ethanol', 'water', 'Tris-HCl', 'NaCl', 'MgCl₂']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000637
Incubate crushed gel slices with gel extraction buffer and ______ the mixture at 4°C overnight on a tube rotator.	rotate	['stir', 'vortex', 'rotate', 'shake', 'centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000638
Start the cardiopulmonary bypass. Cool down the patient to ____°C.	32	['34', '28', '30', '36', '32']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000639
Start rinsing the valve by placing it in a minimum of ____ mL of sterile, physiological saline solution.	750	['600', '900', '800', '500', '750']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000640
Start the first suture of the proximal anastomosis at the middle of the left coronary sewing ring of the stentless aortic xenograft, below the left coronary neo-ostium, using a 4/0 polypropylene suture. Pass this first stich from the outer aspect of the xenograft to the ____ aspect.	inner	['bottom', 'outer', 'inner', 'side', 'top']	operation	TEST-PQA-000641
Allow the desiccator to run until all of the air is removed from the channels of the device. This should take approximately ____ min.	15	['25', '5', '15', '20', '10']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000642
Prepare a 1 ml syringe loaded with avidin at a concentration of ____ u/ml.	20	['10', '30', '15', '20', '25']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000643
Start injecting biotinylated particles at a flow rate of ____ ul/min.	2.5	['2.0', '1.5', '1.0', '3.0', '2.5']	operation	TEST-PQA-000644
Add 200ul of ______ trypsin/EDTA to each well and incubate at 37°C for 3 min.	0.25%	['0.10%', '1.00%', '1.50%', '0.50%', '0.25%']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000645
Inactivate the trypsin/EDTA with 800ul of ______ media.	differentiation	['neutralization', 'differentiation', 'stabilization', 'maintenance', 'growth']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000646
Pipet up and down approximately 5-10 times to ______ the cells into a single cell suspension.	breakup	['mix', 'separate', 'centrifuge', 'dissolve', 'breakup']	operation	TEST-PQA-000647
Mix 200 ng of DNA and 1.25uL of transfection reagent in ____uL of the culture medium.	100	['200', '100', '50', '75', '150']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000648
In a hood, add 500-1,000 µL of ____ to the cell pellet (ideally 750uL per 0.25 g of cells) and homogenize it by pipetting up and down and mixing with the vortex.	phenol/chloroform	['ethanol', 'chloroform', 'isopropanol', 'phenol/chloroform', 'PBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000649
Mix vigorously for 15:s (by hand or briefly ____ at a lower speed) and incubate at room temperature (20°C to 25 °C_. ) for 2 min to 3 min.	vortexing	['shaking', 'stirring', 'boiling', 'freezing', 'vortexing']	operation	TEST-PQA-000650
Sea salts are dissolved in deionised water to a salinity of ____ ppt, as measured using a salinity meter.	30	['20', '25', '35', '30', '40']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000651
Dissolve Sorbitol to a 1 M solution in d d H_2O, add 0.1% ______ and filter-sterilise.	pluronic acid F68	['sodium chloride', 'magnesium sulfate', 'pluronic acid F68', 'vitamin solution', 'yeast extract']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000652
With a cut tip, resuspend each final pellet in 40ul of resuspension buffer. Add 40ul of the resuspended cells to every tube of linearised DNA on ice, mix gently and ______ to the electroporation cuvette.	transfer	['heat', 'centrifuge', 'freeze', 'transfer', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000653
Add 50ul of the monoclonal antibody (______ stock solution) to the first well and make 2-fold serial dilutions.	1mg/ml	['0.5mg/ml', '10mg/ml', '5mg/ml', '2mg/ml', '1mg/ml']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000654
Dilute the virus in ______ to the correct working dilution as 100 TCID50/50ul.	virus diluent	['antibody diluent', 'virus diluent', 'PBS', 'TMB substrate', 'acetone']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000655
Remove the medium from the microtiter plates and ______ the plates with 200ul of PBS.	wash	['dry', 'rinse', 'incubate', 'wash', 'shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-000656
To derive .-N H_2. groups on the paper discs, mix 1 ml APS and 10ml acetone in a 50ml glass bottle in the fume hood. Add paper discs to the freshly prepared APS reagent mixture, and incubate for ____ hr with orbital stirring (200 rpm) at room temperature.	5	['4', '3', '6', '7', '5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000657
To derive .-N H_2. groups on the paper discs, mix 1 ml APS and 10ml ______ in a 50ml glass bottle in the fume hood.	acetone	['acetone', 'methanol', 'isopropanol', 'ethanol', 'water']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000658
Add 10ml of acetone to the glass bottle, mix well and ______ completely to remove any unreacted APS and other impurities.	decant	['stir', 'centrifuge', 'evaporate', 'filter', 'decant']	operation	TEST-PQA-000659
Aliquot and freeze at ____°C. NOTE: A 20 µL reaction uses 8.9 µL of premix.	-80	['-80', '-100', '-20', '-60', '-40']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000660
Prepare S30A buffer supplemented with 2 mM ______ (DTT).	dithiothreitol	['dithiothreitol', 'tris-HCl', 'sodium chloride', 'potassium phosphate', 'magnesium sulfate']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000661
______ the pellet in 45 mL of cold (4-10°C) S30A buffer using a vortex mixer.	Resuspend	['Filter', 'Centrifuge', 'Dissolve', 'Heat', 'Resuspend']	operation	TEST-PQA-000662
Maintain a constant temperature of ____°C in the growth chamber.	25	['22', '30', '25', '20', '28']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000663
Weigh 33 grams of ____ and transfer to glassware, then add 1,000 mL of sterile water.	oatmeal	['yeast extract', 'salt', 'sugar', 'oatmeal', 'agar']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000664
Punch holes in the P. nicotianae mycelial agar cultures to make round ____ mats.	mycelial	['filter', 'agar', 'mycelial', 'nutrient', 'spore']	operation	TEST-PQA-000665
Transfer the minced uterine tube to 200ul digestion buffer 1 and incubate for ____ hours at 37°C in a 5% CO₂ incubator.	1	['4', '0.5', '3', '2', '1']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000666
After incubation, add 1 ml of ____ to the solution and suspend it using a 1 ml pipette tip.	0.25% Trypsin-EDTA	['PBS', 'Collagenase', '10% FBS', '70% ethanol', '0.25% Trypsin-EDTA']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000667
Suspend the tissue pellet ____ times with the help of a 1 ml pipette tip after adding digestion buffer 2.	20	['15', '10', '30', '25', '20']	operation	TEST-PQA-000668
Resuspend the four oligonucleotides listed in Table 2 individually in annealing buffer containing 20 mM Tris pH 7.5, 50 mM NaCl, and molecular biology grade water to generate a stock solution at ______ µM.	100	['200', '75', '50', '100', '150']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000669
Mix 100 µL of the reporter core plasmid with 50 µL of ______ (5 U/µL plasmid) and 60 µL of 10× buffer to digest the plasmid.	I-SceI	['XhoI', 'HindIII', 'EcoRV', 'TaqI', 'I-SceI']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000670
Shake the plate for 3 min on an orbital shaker at ______ rpm to ensure even distribution of the control luciferase reagent.	450	['500', '450', '300', '400', '350']	operation	TEST-PQA-000671
Gently add 10% DDM to the homogenized cells to give a final concentration of ______.	1.25%	['0.5%', '1.25%', '2.5%', '2.0%', '1.0%']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000672
Prepare Elution buffer: 20mM HEPES pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 80uM 1D4 peptide, and ______ at their working concentration.	detergent	['acetonitrile', 'formic acid', 'detergent', 'HEPES', 'iso-propanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000673
______ the cell lysate at 4°C and 150,000× g for 45 min to remove the unsolubilized debris.	Centrifuge	['Heat', 'Vortex', 'Filter', 'Stir', 'Centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000674
Collect cells (1×10^6) with 0.5% trypsin-EDTA and wash cells with 0.5ml 0.1M phosphate buffer (PB) in an eppendorf tube by centrifuge (____×g, 5min).	300	['500', '400', '300', '100', '200']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000675
Add 0.5ml paraformaldehyde (4% in PB) to fix cells in room temperature (RT) for at least 30min (or store cells at 4°C for long term storage).	paraformaldehyde	['glutaraldehyde', 'ethanol', 'acetone', 'paraformaldehyde', 'formaldehyde']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000676
Dehydrate cells with adding 0.5ml 70% alcohol for 5min twice, centrifuge (100×g, 5min) to remove alcohol.	Dehydrate	['Dehydrate', 'Stain', 'Fix', 'Wash', 'Incubate']	operation	TEST-PQA-000677
Place the tubes on a horizontal roller or rocker at ______ rpm for 30 min at 4°C.	30-60	['100-120', '10-20', '80-100', '50-70', '30-60']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000678
Prepare ENR medium by adding EGF, Noggin, and R-Spondin to ______.	basal medium	['PBS', 'FACS buffer', 'basal medium', 'TBEM', 'Advanced DMEM/F12']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000679
______ the tissue longitudinally using microdissection scissors to avoid perforation.	Cut	['Cut', 'Boil', 'Shake', 'Freeze', 'Stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000680
Thaw a vial of HEK suspension cells in a 250mL flask containing 50mL of expression medium supplemented with 100 units/mL penicillin, 100 u/m L streptomycin, and ______ amphotericin B.	250n g/m L	['100n g/m L', '150n g/m L', '200n g/m L', '250n g/m L', '300n g/m L']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000681
When a density of 2.5×106 cells/mL is reached, prepare a fresh solution of 100m M ______.	CypK	['MgCl₂', 'HCl', 'NaOH', 'CypK', 'NaCl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000682
Five minutes after preparing the solutions, mix the plasmids and the transfection reagent solution and ______ for 20m i n to allow the formation of complexes between the DNA and the transfection reagent.	incubate	['vortex', 'incubate', 'freeze', 'sonicate', 'centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000683
Bake the wafer at ____°C for 15 minutes.	150	['180', '100', '120', '150', '200']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000684
Place the wafer in a vacuum desiccator with ______.	trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane	['methanol', 'isopropanol', 'trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane', 'SU-8 Developer', 'acetone']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000685
______ the PDMS mixture thoroughly with a glass stir rod.	Mix	['Stir', 'Boil', 'Shake', 'Freeze', 'Mix']	operation	TEST-PQA-000686
Prepare a 10m M ammonium acetate buffer by dissolving 1.1 g of ammonium acetate in ____ of double deionized water (Mobile phase A).	2L	['10L', '2L', '1L', '500mL', '5L']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000687
Prepare 2 L of ultrapure 100% ____ (Mobile phase B1) for nucleosides measurement.	methanol	['isopropanol', 'acetone', 'ethanol', 'methanol', 'acetonitrile']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000688
Inject 0.02mL of pre-treated metabolites extraction of each sample from step 2.7 into a HPLC system with binary pumps (LC) coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). CAUTION: HPLC system employs a C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm , particle size 5um ; working at 25 °C) buffering with mobile phase A and B1 (Figure 1A) for the nucleosides separation and use a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column 150×4.6mm , particle size 5um ; working at 25 °C_. ) with mobile phase A and B2 (Figure 1B) for the nucleotides separation. Each sample was injected three times for the technical ____.	replication	['separation', 'purification', 'dilution', 'replication', 'extraction']	operation	TEST-PQA-000689
Combine 8.766 g NaCl, 157 mg Tris-HCl, and 146 mg EDTA in a 100 mL glass bottle with a stir bar and dissolve in ____ mL water.	80	['90', '70', '100', '80', '50']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000690
Preparation of aprotinin solution. Dissolve 10 mg aprotinin in 1 mL water (____ mM). Aliquot the aprotinin solution into 10×1.5 mL-plastic tubes (100 µL each). Store at -20°C for several weeks.	1.54	['1.54', '1.75', '2.00', '1.00', '1.25']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000691
Cool the mixture on ice to 0°C. To the stirring solution, slowly add dropwise 210 µL propionyl chloride (2.4 mmol) or 248 µL butanoyl chloride (2.4 mmol) to synthesize ManNProp or ManNBut, respectively. Incubate the stirring mixture at 0°C for ____.	4h	['6h', '12h', '4h', '2h', '8h']	operation	TEST-PQA-000692
Place embryos in Petri dishes in E3B medium and house at ____°C with a 14:10 light:dark cycle.	28.5	['32.5', '25.0', '30.0', '35.0', '28.5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000693
By 24 hpf, replace media with E3B containing 200uM ______ (PTU).	1-phenyl 2-thiourea	['estradiol', 'genistein', 'DMSO', 'bisphenol A', '1-phenyl 2-thiourea']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000694
______ each tube prior to pipetting to distribute the chemical in solution.	Vortex	['Freeze', 'Vortex', 'Stir', 'Shake', 'Heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000695
To make the physiological salt solution (PSS), dissolve the salts in approximately ____ L of water.	4	['6', '2', '4', '3', '5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000696
Add 8 ml of 1 M ______ solution to the PSS to achieve a final concentration of 1.6 mM Calcium.	CaCl₂	['NaCl', 'MgCl₂', 'CaCl₂', 'H₂O', 'KCl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000697
Preheat the tissue bath system to 37°C by turning on the recirculating heated water bath and ensure that each component is connected in ____.	serial	['reverse', 'random', 'serial', 'parallel', 'disconnected']	operation	TEST-PQA-000698
Culture the cells in the labeling medium for ____ hours at 37°C.	12	['12', '6', '10', '8', '24']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000699
Prepare 100 mM Alk-Cho stock solution using ____.	d d H_20	['glycine', 'PBS', 'DMSO', 'd d H_20', 'ethanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000700
Incubate cells with the mixture for 1 hour with gentle ____.	shaking	['freezing', 'stirring', 'shaking', 'vortexing', 'heating']	operation	TEST-PQA-000701
Aliquot ____ of TSC medium per well for a 24 well plate.	250uL	['100uL', '750uL', '1mL', '250uL', '500uL']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000702
Store the tumor tissue in a tube containing ice-cold ____.	Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS)	['Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS)', 'PBS', 'DMSO', 'TSC medium', 'Belzer University of Wisconsin (UW) solution']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000703
Place a drop of medical grade ____ on the specimen plate and place the tissue on this drop.	cyanoacrylate glue	['super glue', 'hot glue', 'cyanoacrylate glue', 'epoxy resin', 'silicone adhesive']	operation	TEST-PQA-000704
Seed human Vα24+iNKT cells at ____ cells/ml in NKT medium into a 24-well plate (1 x 10^6 cells/well) and stimulate with 1×10^5 DC/Gal.	1×10^6	['1×10^6', '1×10^7', '1×10^8', '1×10^4', '1×10^5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000705
Resuspend the cells in 1 ml ____ medium without antibiotics and seed at 1×10^6 cells/ml into a 24-well plate.	R10	['HBSS+', 'StemFit AK02N', 'OP9', 'NKT', 'R10']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000706
Add SeV (MOI: KOS, c-MYC, SV40=30, 3, 30) into the 24-well plate with the human Vα24+iNKT cells and ____ gently.	mix	['freeze', 'boil', 'mix', 'shake', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000707
Cultivate HeLa cells in a 10 cm dish at ____°C under 5% CO₂ in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum.	37	['37', '25', '30', '42', '50']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000708
Make 10 mL of lysing buffer (0.1 M borate, 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 1% ______). Adjust to pH 12 using 2 M NaOH.	Tween 20	['Triton X-100', 'CHAPS', 'Tween 20', 'PBS', 'EDTA']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000709
Homogenize the solution by slowly ______ to avoid bubbles.	pipetting	['pipetting', 'shaking', 'stirring', 'vortexing', 'heating']	operation	TEST-PQA-000710
Incubate cells at ____ until they completely detach.	37°C	['50°C', '37°C', '42°C', '60°C', '25°C']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000711
Add 8ml of ____ to the cells to cover the plate completely.	1xTrypsin	['RLT buffer', '1xTrypsin', 'EPO buffer', '1xPBS', 'RPE buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000712
____ cells down, 125g;5m.	Spin	['Spin', 'Freeze', 'Boil', 'Vortex', 'Shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-000713
Administer a lorazepam tablet up to ____ mg orally prior to scanning for patients with claustrophobia.	1	['0.5', '3', '1.5', '2', '1']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000714
Place ____ leads in optimal positions on the left chest, and confirm adequate ECG signal.	electrocardiogram (ECG)	['electrocardiogram (ECG)', 'blood pressure cuff', 'pulse oximeter', 'thermometer', 'stethoscope']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000715
Perform breath holding at end expiration as reproducibility is higher compared to ____ breath holds.	inspiratory	['continuous', 'shallow', 'inspiratory', 'deep', 'expiratory']	operation	TEST-PQA-000716
Vortex to break pellets/homogenize, and spin tube at ____ g for 5 (or 10) seconds to decant heavy particles.	500-1000	['200-400', '1000-1500', '300-600', '800-1200', '500-1000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000717
Prepare Hexadecyl-Trimethyl-Ammonium Bromide (HTBA) buffer by dissolving 0.5g of ____ with 700mL of working pH-6.0-adjusted Potassium Phosphate Buffer.	HTAB	['PBS', 'ddH₂O', 'Dianisidine', 'H₂O₂', 'HTAB']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000718
Prepare the bedding inoculum by ____ the samples manually and creating a slurry.	massaging	['centrifuging', 'freezing', 'heating', 'vortexing', 'massaging']	operation	TEST-PQA-000719
Altered mental status: Include patients with no other cause found for altered consciousness, drowsiness, or personality changes lasting ____ h.	224	['224', '72', '192', '168', '240']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000720
Interventions: Include the comparison between Angong Niuhuang Pill (ANP) plus conventional therapy versus ____ alone.	conventional therapy	['conventional therapy', 'antiviral drugs', 'antibiotics', 'placebo', 'intracranial decompression']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000721
Remove the duplicates by clicking Reference > Find Duplicates > ____ this Record.	Keep	['Delete', 'Copy', 'Move', 'Keep', 'Edit']	operation	TEST-PQA-000722
Maintain the room temperature at ____ °C for housing the mice.	22	['18', '25', '22', '30', '20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000723
Dissolve 2.5g of NaI in 50mL of sterile, pure water to prepare a ____% stock solution.	5	['2', '5', '3', '6', '4']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000724
Anesthetize the mice by ____ injection with a volume of 0.01 mL/g anesthetic.	intraperitoneal	['intravenous', 'oral', 'intramuscular', 'subcutaneous', 'intraperitoneal']	operation	TEST-PQA-000725
ECG telemeters can be reused provided the device is cleaned using Tergazyme ____% solution for at least 4 hours.	1	['5', '10', '1', '2', '0.5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000726
Use ______ disinfectant overnight to sterilize the ECG telemeter.	Wavicide-01	['Bleach', 'Wavicide-01', 'Ethanol', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Tergazyme']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000727
While performing surgery, keep the surgical site moist by occasionally dripping ______ onto the operating field.	sterile saline	['Tergazyme', 'alcohol', 'sterile saline', 'betadine', 'distilled water']	operation	TEST-PQA-000728
Mix 5.96g Trizma base, 20mL 0.5M EDTA, 0.348g Spermidine, and 0.255g Spermine in ____ mL ddH2O.	100	['100', '150', '75', '50', '200']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000729
Example recipe for 5g of tissue: 97.5mL 1X HB, 2.5mL Triton X-100, 250uL beta-mercaptoethanol, and 1g ____.	PVP	['EDTA', 'NaCl', 'PVP', 'Trizma base', 'Sucrose']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000730
Cap bottle and attach to an end-over-end mixer, rotating at max speed for 15 minutes at ____.	4°C	['55°C', '65°C', '4°C', '20°C', '37°C']	operation	TEST-PQA-000731
Set parameters -R ____ and -Q 2 to utilize the knowledge that the maize lineage has been through a WGD since its divergence with sorghum.	1	['4', '1', '0', '3', '2']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000732
Extract reference CDS using the ______ function of AnchorWave.	gff2seq	['gff2seq', 'genoAli', 'proali', 'ggplot2', 'minimap2']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000733
______ the full-length CDS mapping result using R.	Visualize	['Align', 'Extract', 'Visualize', 'Compress', 'Plot']	operation	TEST-PQA-000734
Import the annotation file into R according to its storage path. The annotation file (______) can be acquired from Supplementary files.	gencode.v22.annotation.gtf	['gencode.v22.annotation.gtf', 'gencode.v22.annotation.bed', 'gencode.v22.annotation.txt', 'gencode.v22.annotation.csv', 'gencode.v22.annotation.fasta']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000735
Normalize the data using the ______ method.	TMM	['CPM', 'RLE', 'edgeR', 'TMM', 'DESeq2']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000736
Click Run to ______ the dispersion of gene expression values.	estimate	['analyze', 'normalize', 'calculate', 'estimate', 'visualize']	operation	TEST-PQA-000737
Put the plastic tubes into a shaking thermostatic bath at ____°C for 1 hour.	37	['45', '30', '25', '37', '40']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000738
Transfer the tissue into a 50ml plastic tube and add 0.2% ______ in DMEM (serum-free).	collagenase II	['PBS', 'trypsin', 'collagenase II', 'EDTA', 'collagenase I']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000739
______ the muscles on a new dish (not containing PBS) using a curved tip scissor for a few minutes until the tissue appears like a mush.	Mince	['Freeze', 'Shake', 'Boil', 'Mince', 'Stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000740
Allow the chlorophyll to dissolve into the DMF solution by still incubation overnight at ____°C.	4	['25', '0', '4', '37', '10']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000741
Place three leaf discs into a 1.5ml tube containing 1 ml of ______.	dimethylformamide (DMF)	['dimethylformamide (DMF)', 'methanol', 'water', 'ethanol', 'acetone']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000742
______ 300ul of sample solution with 600ul of DMF in a fresh Eppendorf tube.	Mix	['Heat', 'Freeze', 'Mix', 'Shake', 'Stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000743
Dip-coat the printed implants in a ____% heparin solution to prevent thrombus formation and allow to air dry for 24h.	25	['20', '15', '10', '30', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000744
Sedate the swine with intramuscular ______ (10mg/kg) and intravenous midazolam (1mg/kg).	ketamine	['midazolam', 'rocuronium', 'lidocaine', 'amiodarone', 'ketamine']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000745
Deflate the balloon and ______ it through the mother-and-child catheter.	retract	['retract', 'advance', 'remove', 'inflate', 'insert']	operation	TEST-PQA-000746
Homogenize samples ____ at 25Hz for 3 min each at 4°C.	2×	['3×', '4×', '1×', '5×', '2×']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000747
Freshly prepare the lysis buffer to a final concentration of 8 M urea, 50mM triethylammonium bicarbonate (TEAB), 1 uM trichostatin A (TSA), 20mM nicotinamide, 75mM sodium chloride (NaCl), 1x protease/phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (PIC) with ____-grade water.	HPLC	['deionized', 'distilled', 'HPLC', 'sterile', 'ultrapure']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000748
Combine the homogenized lysates if two rounds of homogenization were applied and ____ samples with an ultrasonicator for 10 cycles at 30 s on/30 s off and 4°C on high power.	sonicate	['heat', 'stir', 'freeze', 'sonicate', 'shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-000749
Make 10 L 'frog water': Add 10mL of 1 M CaCl₂ and 10mL of 1M NaHCO₃ to ____ deionized or dechlorinated H₂O with stirring.	0	['0', '5', '15', '20', '10']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000750
Make 1 L amphibian anesthetic solution: Add 1.5 of ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate to 11 ____.	frog water	['OR2 saline', 'deionized water', 'frog water', 'GV isolation solution', 'paraformaldehyde']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000751
For subbed slides, place 3 inch × inch glass microscope slides in a commercial detergent solution and ____ them to remove any contaminants.	rub	['rub', 'rinse', 'soak', 'heat', 'stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000752
Induce anesthesia with a bolus of IV fentanyl (50u/kappa) and pentobarbital (____ mg/kg) in a peripheral venous catheter in an ear vein.	15-20	['25-30', '20-25', '15-20', '5-10', '10-15']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000753
Place 0.5mL of the last drawn full blood in a microcentrifuge tube, and snap-freeze in ______.	liquid nitrogen	['freezer', 'liquid nitrogen', 'ice water', 'dry ice', 'ethanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000754
Ensure that person two uses the ______ to lift the tongue and visualize the vocal cords.	laryngoscope	['scalpel', 'scissors', 'syringe', 'laryngoscope', 'forceps']	operation	TEST-PQA-000755
Per 1 L of media, add ____ g of Bacto-agar.	17	['10', '15', '17', '25', '20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000756
When the agar has cooled to 55°C, add ____ ml of 1 M CaCl₂ per 1L of media.	1	['2.5', '2', '0.5', '1.5', '1']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000757
Transfer media to an autoclaved graduated cylinder and then ____ by stirring.	mix	['mix', 'freeze', 'vortex', 'shake', 'boil']	operation	TEST-PQA-000758
After three successful entries at each distance, slowly move the beam further away from the cage in ____ increments.	5-cm	['15-cm', '10-cm', '5-cm', '3-cm', '1-cm']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000759
Under anesthesia, shave the right hindlimbs of the mice using a ______.	hair removal cream	['hair removal cream', 'scissors', 'electric shaver', 'sandpaper', 'razor']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000760
Allow the mice to ______ from the jump bar to the landing space.	jump	['fall', 'run', 'crawl', 'jump', 'slide']	operation	TEST-PQA-000761
Select the SeqAPASS Run Status tab at the top of the page to display a list of all SeqAPASS runs conducted under that user account and check the percent ____.	completion	['completion', 'validation', 'processing', 'efficiency', 'accuracy']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000762
If a domain has not been identified, click the integrated link to the NCBI ______ Database (CDD) to aid in the identification of the appropriate domain selection.	Conserved Domains	['Taxonomic Groups', 'Conserved Domains', 'Gene Expression', 'Molecular Structures', 'Protein Sequences']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000763
To add a legend that will pinpoint a species of interest or specific predefined groups, hover over a taxonomic group name on the × -axis to activate a pop-up box listing the top three species ordered by highest percent similarity. Hover over species in the legend to generate a pop-up box with the corresponding species information. Click on the box for a specific taxonomic group to generate a downloadable summary table listing species and ______.	predictions	['sequences', 'mutations', 'domains', 'predictions', 'alignments']	operation	TEST-PQA-000764
Submit at least 10 µL of genomic DNA at ______ to the sequencing core unless different quantities or concentrations of genomic DNA are specified.	50ng/uL	['100ng/uL', '150ng/uL', '75ng/uL', '50ng/uL', '25ng/uL']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000765
Plate 10 dishes of 10 million 293T cells/15 cm dish in 30 mL/dish antibiotic-free DMEM containing ______ fetal bovine serum (FBS).	10%	['25%', '10%', '15%', '20%', '5%']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000766
Using two spin columns for purification, ______ the samples from all 4 tubes into the columns.	load	['centrifuge', 'filter', 'mix', 'discard', 'load']	operation	TEST-PQA-000767
Culture the hUC-MSCs at a seeding density of ____/cm² in DMEM, supplemented with 8% Human Platelet Lysate and 1% Pen-Strep.	5×10³	['2×10³', '5×10³', '1×10³', '3×10³', '4×10³']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000768
Replace the culture medium with fresh phenol-red free DMEM supplemented with 1% Pen-Strep and ____ when the culture reaches 70%-80% confluency at passage 5.	Conditioned medium (CM)	['Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)', 'Conditioned medium (CM)', 'Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS)', 'Penicillin-Streptomycin (Pen-Strep)', 'Human Platelet Lysate']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000769
After 24h, ____ the CM at 200× g for 5 min at 4°C to remove cell debris.	centrifuge	['vortex', 'incubate', 'centrifuge', 'filter', 'stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000770
Anesthetize frogs in a 2-L beaker with anesthetic solution containing 0.15% (W/v) tricaine methane sulfonate (MS-222) buffered with ____% (W/v) NaHCO3 at room temperature.	0.2	['0.1', '0.2', '0.3', '0.4', '0.5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000771
Place harvested ovaries in a Petri dish containing 20ml of ____ and incubate at 18°C in B.O.D. incubator until further use.	MBS	['H2O', 'TEV', 'PBS', 'SOS', 'MBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000772
Rotate the tubes containing ovary pieces in the ____ at 12 rpm for one hour at room temperature.	Nutator Mixer	['Centrifuge', 'Shaker', 'Nutator Mixer', 'Vortex', 'Incubator']	operation	TEST-PQA-000773
To prepare 100mL of cleaning medium, mix Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), 2% porcine serum, 20 mM HEPES, and 1% ______.	Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S)	['Collagenase Type V', 'L-glutamine', 'Nicotinamide', 'D-Glucose', 'Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S)']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000774

Infuse the animal with 2-3 liters of cold HBSS solution maintained at ______°C through the aortic cannula.	4	['36', '24', '20', '4', '37']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000775

Connect the perfusion tubing to the angiocath, and turn on the peristaltic pump at the rate of ______ mL/min.	20	['40', '80', '30', '20', '10']	operation	TEST-PQA-000776

Culture PC-9 cells in growth medium containing fetal bovine serum ____%, penicillin 100U/mL, and streptomycin 100 µg/mL in a cell-culture treated 10-cm dish in a 5% CO₂ incubator at 37°C.	10	['5', '20', '15', '10', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000777

Add 15 µL of the dye solution (see Table of Materials) to each well and incubate for 4h in a 5% CO₂ incubator at 37°C, and then add 100 µL of ____ to each well and incubate overnight in a 5% CO₂ incubator at 37°C.	solubilization/stop-solution	['afatinib solution', 'RIPA buffer', 'PBS', 'solubilization/stop-solution', 'growth medium']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000778

Determine protein concentrations using the bicinchoninic acid assay (see Table of Materials), adjust all protein samples to 0.5 or 1 µg/µL using 4x sample buffer and ____ at 96°C for 5 min.	boil	['stir', 'freeze', 'boil', 'centrifuge', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000779

Each reaction uses 8ul master mix with 2ul primer. The composition of the master mix per reaction is 4ul SYBR mix, 3ul PCR grade water and ____ ng sample DNA or cDNA.	10-20	['5-10', '20-30', '10-20', '25-35', '15-25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000780

Setup the robot platform to include a filled system fluid container and a trough containing ____% bleach.	2	['3', '10', '5', '2', '1']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000781

At the end of the program, remove the 384-well plate and seal with LightCycler 480 sealing foil and ____ briefly.	centrifuge	['vortex', 'shake', 'heat', 'freeze', 'centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000782

Keep the embryos at ____°C in an incubator.	28.5	['25.0', '32.5', '30.0', '28.5', '35.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000783

Transfer the embryos onto a Petri dish containing E3 embryo medium, which includes 0.33 mM ______.	CaCl₂	['H₂O', 'KCl', 'NaCl', 'MgSO₄', 'CaCl₂']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000784

______ 1 mL of each diluent into the wells of the 24-well plate.	Distribute	['Filter', 'Distribute', 'Heat', 'Remove', 'Mix']	operation	TEST-PQA-000785

Make a ____-cm skin incision (longitudinal incision) at a distance of <2 cm between the radial artery and the cephalic vein of the forearm.	4	['6', '4', '3', '2', '5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000786

Perform routine iodophor disinfection, draping, and local infiltration anesthesia with 1% ______.	lidocaine	['saline', 'heparin', 'lidocaine', 'iodine', 'alcohol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000787

Gently ______ the cephalic vein and radial artery with heparin saline solution (25 IU/mL) to remove any blood or blood clots.	rinse	['freeze', 'shake', 'stir', 'rinse', 'heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000788

Prepare LPS stock solution by diluting LPS with sterile water to a concentration of ______ mg/ml.	0.1	['0.01', '0.05', '0.2', '0.1', '0.5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000789

Prepare a sterile ______ solution (4 units/ml) to flush the PE-10 tubing.	heparin	['glucose', 'PBS', 'heparin', 'LPS', 'saline']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000790

______ the mouse in the supine position using adhesive tape.	Immobilize	['Lift', 'Immobilize', 'Stretch', 'Anesthetize', 'Rotate']	operation	TEST-PQA-000791

Thaw a frozen glycerol vial containing 1×105 primary HUVEC from three different donors gently at ____°C and seed the cells in 7 mL of prewarmed endothelial cell growth medium (ECGM, ready to use with supplements) in a 25 cm2 cell flask.	37	['25', '37', '50', '30', '42']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000792

Prepare 40 mL of Todd Hewitt liquid broth supplemented with 1% yeast extract (THY) and 15 mL of sterile ______ (PBS) pH 7.4, for bacterial cultivation and washing steps.	phosphate-buffered saline	['sodium chloride', 'Tris-HCl', 'phosphate-buffered saline', 'calcium chloride', 'magnesium sulfate']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000793

Incubate the washed HUVEC with 3 mL of 37°C prewarmed cell dissociation solution for cell detachment for 5 min at 37°C. Observe the proteolytic cell detachment by ______ monitoring each minute.	microscopic	['calorimetric', 'microscopic', 'turbidimetric', 'photometric', 'spectroscopic']	operation	TEST-PQA-000794

Seal the tubes with parafilm and transfer them to a shaking (100 rpm) pre-warmed (____°C) water bath for 45min.	37	['40', '45', '25', '30', '37']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000795

Prepare ______ type II and collagenase/dispase digestion solutions.	collagenase	['trypsin', 'dispase', 'collagenase', 'PBS', 'DMEM']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000796

Transfer the dishes under a biosafety cabinet and finely ______ the muscles into 1 mm pieces using a sterile scalpel.	cut up	['boil', 'shake', 'stir', 'freeze', 'cut up']	operation	TEST-PQA-000797

For more information about the preparation of ex vivo thymus organ cultures, please visit ______.	Springer Protocols	['Nature Protocols', 'Cell Press', 'PubMed', 'Science Direct', 'Springer Protocols']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000798

The protocol suggests visiting ______ for detailed information on thymus organ cultures.	Springer Protocols	['Google Scholar', 'BioRxiv', 'Springer Protocols', 'JSTOR', 'ResearchGate']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000799

To learn more about the preparation of ex vivo thymus organ cultures, ______ the Springer Protocols website.	visit	['download', 'email', 'call', 'read', 'visit']	operation	TEST-PQA-000800

Centrifuge at ____×g at 23°C for 10min.	335	['350', '300', '335', '250', '400']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000801

Add 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 0.1% collagenase Type 4, and 0.005% ______ to DMEM high glucose media.	hyaluronidase	['glucose', 'trypsin', 'EDTA', 'hyaluronidase', 'PBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000802

Rotate at 37°C for 30min and filter through a 100um filter while ______ with a syringe plunger.	mashing	['shaking', 'stirring', 'mashing', 'cooling', 'heating']	operation	TEST-PQA-000803

Mix oligonucleotides in equal proportion (____ each) and subject to high temperature (95°C) for 4 min.	200 μM	['200 μM', '100 μM', '300 μM', '150 μM', '500 μM']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000804

Add 1 μg of ______ along with plasmid DNA and complete transfection using Lipofectamine 3000 Transfection Kit.	ViraPower Lentiviral Packaging Mix	['ViraPower Lentiviral Packaging Mix', 'PBS', 'RIPA buffer', 'Polybrene', 'DMEM']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000805

Add 500ul of RIPA buffer and ______ the cell monolayer gently.	scrape	['vortex', 'boil', 'scrape', 'shake', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000806

Sterilize the solution by autoclaving, then allow the solution to cool down, add ____ mL of ampicillin (stock: 150mg/mL) into solution, and shake it to mix.	0.5	['0.7', '0.1', '0.5', '0.3', '1.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000807

Prepare flow buffer by adding 5 mL of penicillin/streptomycin and 10 mL of heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (hiFBS) into 485 mL of 1x Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS). Prepare maintenance media by adding 50 mL of hiFBS, 5 mL of L-glutamine, and 5 mL of penicillin/streptomycin into 440 mL of Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (____).	DMEM	['AP', 'IMDM', 'DMEM', 'PBS', 'LB']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000808

Heat shock the mixture by incubation for 40s in a 42°C heating block. Immediately transfer the tube on ice for ____ min.	2	['10', '2', '5', '3', '1']	operation	TEST-PQA-000809

Culture HEK-293T cells in 25 mL D10 medium on a 150 mm tissue culture dish at ____°C and 5% atmospheric CO2.	37	['30', '37', '42', '40', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000810

To passage the cells, remove the culture medium and replace with 4 mL of ____ solution and incubate for 5 minutes.	0.25% trypsin-EDTA	['0.25% trypsin-EDTA', '0.5% trypsin-EDTA', 'PBS', '1% trypsin-EDTA', '0.1% trypsin-EDTA']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000811

Dilute and quench the reaction by gentle ____ with 10 mL fresh media, centrifuge the cells at 500g for 5 minutes, count the cells using the hemocytometer, and reseed 1 million cells in 25 mL D10 media on a new 150 mm tissue culture dish.	pipetting	['pipetting', 'vortexing', 'stirring', 'boiling', 'shaking']	operation	TEST-PQA-000812

Induce gene expression by adding IPTG at a concentration of ______ mM.	0.4	['0.3', '0.5', '0.2', '0.1', '0.4']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000813

Resuspend the cell pellet in 20mL of lysis buffer with lysozyme, PMSF, and ______.	DNase I	['RNase A', 'SDS', 'DNase I', 'Trypsin', 'EDTA']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000814

Insert the PCR products into a pET28b vector using ______ Assembly.	Gibson	['Ligation', 'Golden Gate', 'Gibson', 'TA Cloning', 'Gateway']	operation	TEST-PQA-000815

Add 4 mL of 5 M ______ solution to 400 mL of 1% w/v agar dissolved in Luria-Bertani broth (LB) medium.	CaCl₂	['MgCl₂', 'NaCl', 'CaCl₂', 'KCl', 'HCl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000816

Prepare a sodium alginate solution (______% w/v), and heat to the boiling point three times to sterilize the solution.	3	['5', '2', '1', '4', '3']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000817

Raise the printhead to a height of 22 mm under manual control, so that it will not collide with the edge of the petri dish when moving to the desired position. Position the printhead overtop of the plate, and move it down until the pipette tip ______ the printing surface.	contacts	['contacts', 'avoids', 'passes', 'hits', 'touches']	operation	TEST-PQA-000818

Incubate the plates at ____°C overnight without agitation.	30	['20', '35', '40', '25', '30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000819

Resuspend the cell pellets in 200ul of sterile ____% glycerol by careful pipetting.	15	['30', '15', '10', '20', '25']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000820

Resuspend the cells by shaking the plate at 700 rpm on a ____ for 15 sec.	MixMate	['MixMate', 'shaker', 'centrifuge', 'incubator', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000821

Prepare 100mL of 25% methanol in water: prefill a 100mL volumetric flask with 25mL of absolute methanol and fill it up to 100mL with ____.	distilled water	['absolute ethanol', 'glacial acetic acid', 'methanol', 'HPLC grade water', 'distilled water']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000822

Prepare 10mL of 200mM acetic acid in water: prefill a 10mL volumetric flask with 9mL of HPLC grade water, add 115uL of glacial acetic acid (99.5% purity, 17.4 M), and add ____ up to 10mL.	distilled water	['acetic acid', 'distilled water', 'HPLC grade water', 'absolute ethanol', 'methanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000823

Rapidly dissolve the fluoroquinolone antibiotics in an ultrasound bath for ____ and by intense vortexing.	2 min	['2 min', '10 min', '1 min', '5 min', '3 min']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000824

Inoculate a starter culture of E. coli BL21(DE3) harboring the corresponding expression vector or the empty plasmid from a -80°C glycerol stock in 10ml of medium with 150µg/ml of ampicillin and ______mM glucose in 50ml flasks.	40	['50', '40', '20', '30', '60']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000825

Add 50µl of ______ 10mg/ml and incubate for 20min on ice.	lysozyme	['amylase', 'lysozyme', 'lipase', 'trypsin', 'pepsin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000826

Add the bacterial cell-free extract from Procedure A to the resin and incubate at 4°C for 18h on a ______.	rotating wheel	['magnetic stirrer', 'centrifuge', 'vortex mixer', 'rotating wheel', 'shaking incubator']	operation	TEST-PQA-000827

Fix six maize mature kernels in 10 mL of 2.5% phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde (0.1 M, pH 7.2) at ____ °C for 48 h.	4	['25', '10', '0', '4', '37']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000828

Wash the samples three times with 10 mL of 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) for 30 min every time. The buffer used is ____.	phosphate buffer	['citrate buffer', 'Tris buffer', 'phosphate buffer', 'HEPES buffer', 'acetate buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000829

Clamp the resin block in the sample holder of ultramicrotome (EM UC7), and ____ off the superfluous resin on the surface of the sample and around the sample with a blade.	trim	['scrape', 'remove', 'polish', 'cut', 'trim']	operation	TEST-PQA-000830

Make 4 mM bovine serum albumin (BSA) stock solution by mixing 11 g of BSA and ____ mL of Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS).	33.1	['35.0', '40.0', '30.0', '33.1', '25.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000831
Air-dry 50uCi 14C-oleate in the vial with the lid off for 8h in a designated RAM working hood. Add 312.5 µL of H₂O and then ____ mg of sodium oleate.	3.5	['3.5', '1.5', '5.0', '2.5', '4.0']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000832
Isolation and culture of calvarial preosteoblasts: Sacrifice postnatal day 3-5 (P3-5) pups by ____ and transfer them to ice-cold DPBS containing Penicillin-Streptomycin (P/S).	decapitation	['decapitation', 'freezing', 'anesthesia', 'euthanasia', 'dissection']	operation	TEST-PQA-000833
For the small intestine and colon organ bath, switch on the external water bath to maintain the temperature between ____ and 36°C.	33	['30', '35', '40', '37', '33']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000834
Submerge the excised gut in a Petri dish containing ____ solution.	1× Krebs	"[""Ringer's"", 'PBS', 'Distilled Water', 'Saline', '1× Krebs']"	reagent	TEST-PQA-000835
Make an incision in the mid-lower abdominal area and ____ a straight line to the sternum.	cut	['slice', 'cut', 'tear', 'scratch', 'puncture']	operation	TEST-PQA-000836
Target size varies depending on the species trained, with 37mm for Cebus monkeys and ____mm for Macaque monkeys.	54	['37', '45', '50', '60', '54']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000837
The monkey's non-working arm is restrained to the arm holder using Velcro straps or an adjustable ____.	cuff	['clip', 'strap', 'belt', 'cuff', 'hook']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000838

The monkeys are allowed to touch the new target during the ____ms delay, before the presentation of the visual cue.	400	['300', '600', '500', '200', '400']	operation	TEST-PQA-000839

Plate approximately 5×10^5 HEK293T cells/well of a 6-well tissue culture dish and grow for ____ in a 37°C humidified incubator with 5% CO₂ to reach 75%-80% confluency.	18h	['12h', '24h', '18h', '48h', '36h']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000840

To supplement DMEM for cell culture, add 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 1x Penicillin-Streptomycin, 2 mM L-glutamine, and ____ sodium pyruvate (1% vol/vol).	100mM	['150mM', '50mM', '100mM', '200mM', '250mM']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000841

Mix by end-over-end rotation or by ____, and place in a 37°C water bath to dissolve FAFBSA completely.	vortexing	['boiling', 'stirring', 'vortexing', 'centrifuging', 'shaking']	operation	TEST-PQA-000842

Start the conveyor belt at 3 m/min and gradually increase the speed by ____ m/min every minute.	1	['1', '0.5', '3', '1.5', '2']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000843

Immediately snap-freeze the tissue by immersing in a metal cup filled with ____ and cooled in liquid nitrogen.	isopentane	['isopentane', 'methanol', 'ethanol', 'isopropanol', 'water']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000844

Gently ____ the tendon and separate the muscle from the tibia.	sever	['pull', 'cut', 'twist', 'sever', 'tear']	operation	TEST-PQA-000845

Warm the solution to ____°C for 10min by placing the beaker on a magnetic stirring plate with a heating capacity of 75°C.	50	['40', '70', '80', '60', '50']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000846

Dissolve 150uL of ______ in the solution using magnetic stirring.	Triton X-100	['Ethanol', 'Tween 20', 'Triton X-100', 'Isopropanol', 'SDS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000847

______ the tube for 5min at 617×g.	Centrifuge	['Boil', 'Shake', 'Freeze', 'Centrifuge', 'Vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000848

Administer a chemotherapy regimen (oral doxycycline 200 mg/day plus oral rifampicin ______ mg/day) to all patients.	600-900	['300-500', '700-1000', '600-900', '500-800', '400-700']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000849

After adequately removing the lesions and decompressing the neural elements, use 1000-2000 mL of ______ solution for surgical area irrigation to clear the residual Brucellar lesion.	0.9% sodium chloride	['1% iodophor', '10% saline', '5% dextrose', '0.9% sodium chloride', 'sterile water']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000850

Place the patient on a four-poster frame in the ______ position after administration of general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.	prone	['prone', 'sitting', 'supine', 'lateral', 'Trendelenburg']	operation	TEST-PQA-000851

Set the tunable beam output to 798 nm. Based on the optical throughput of the condenser, adjust the optical power to be ____ mW each for the pump and Stokes beams at the objective focus.	40	['20', '40', '30', '60', '50']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000852

Combine the two laser beams by installing a ____ mirror with several steering mirrors for adjustment.	dichroic	['plane', 'dichroic', 'convex', 'polarizing', 'concave']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000853

If the beam is converging (decreasing size with propagation), ____ the two lenses closer.	move	['fix', 'remove', 'move', 'replace', 'rotate']	operation	TEST-PQA-000854

Semen samples are stored at ____°C for no more than 30 min.	37	['25', '40', '45', '30', '37']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000855

Cells are isolated from the seminal plasma by swim up into supplemented ____.	Earle's balanced salt solution	"['PBS', 'HBSS', ""Earle's balanced salt solution"", 'RPMI', 'DMEM']"	reagent	TEST-PQA-000856
After incubation for 1 hour, the top 0.7m is gently ____ from each tube and pooled.	removed	['removed', 'frozen', 'discarded', 'centrifuged', 'stirred']	operation	TEST-PQA-000857
Spin down cells at ______ x g, 4°C.	13,000	['10,000', '13,000', '15,000', '20,000', '12,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000858
Resuspend cell pellets in 0.25 ml ______ lysis buffer.	GITC	['SDS', 'GITC', 'EDTA', 'PBS', 'Tris-HCl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000859
Thaw samples from Step A6 and ______ to mix.	vortex	['shake', 'vortex', 'stir', 'boil', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000860
Keep the roller pump on a height-adjustable table and adjust the table's height to ____ cm below the experimental desk.	10	['5', '25', '10', '20', '15']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000861

Mix 12 mL of hydroxyethyl starch solution with 0.1 mL of heparin and 0.5 mL of ____% sodium bicarbonate solution for priming CPB circuit.	7	['5', '7', '10', '12', '15']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000862

Hit the membrane oxygenator several times to ____, with tilting the oxygenator.	deair	['cool', 'dry', 'deair', 'clean', 'heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000863

Centrifuge the whole blood at ____ x g for 5 minutes at room temperature.	500	['600', '300', '500', '700', '400']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000864

To prepare 500mL of complete media, add 1 mL of hypoxanthine solution and 50mL of ____ to 500mL of RPMI 1640.	pooled human serum	['pooled human serum', 'sodium bicarbonate', 'N-acetylglucosamine', 'NaCl solution', 'xanthurenic acid']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000865

After thawing the parasite vial, ____ the contents to a 50mL sterile centrifuge tube.	transfer	['heat', 'stir', 'centrifuge', 'filter', 'transfer']	operation	TEST-PQA-000866

Grow HEK-293T cells at ____°C with 5% CO₂ in a standard tissue-culture incubator.	37	['37', '30', '40', '25', '45']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000867

To reseed HEK-293T cells, incubate them with 2mL of a dissociation reagent such as ____ at 37°C for 3-5 min.	Trypsin-EDTA	['Gelatin', 'PBS', 'Trypsin-EDTA', 'DMEM', 'BES']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000868

Slowly add 1.25mL of 2× BBS solution while ____ the mix. Incubate for 30 min at room temperature.	vortexing	['shaking', 'stirring', 'heating', 'cooling', 'vortexing']	operation	TEST-PQA-000869

Cut a 6 cm piece of _3/8 in thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) tubing, 25m m pieces of 1/8 in and 3/16 in PVC tubing, and 31m m pieces of 1/8 in and 3/16 in PVC tubing.	6 cm	['6 cm', '8 cm', '10 cm', '5 cm', '7 cm']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000870

Mix the ______ to secure the connections.	biocompatible glue	['super glue', 'silicone adhesive', 'hot glue', 'epoxy resin', 'biocompatible glue']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000871

Locate the spleen. Identify the hilum of the spleen or the site where the splenic artery and vein enter the spleen. Clamp and ______ each vessel.	transect	['ligate', 'suture', 'compress', 'transect', 'cauterize']	operation	TEST-PQA-000872

Cool the resulting mixture to ____ by placing the flask in an ice-water bath.	0°C	['5°C', '-10°C', '0°C', '10°C', '20°C']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000873

Prepare a solution of O-acetylsalicyloyl chloride in anhydrous ____.	toluene	['toluene', 'methanol', 'ethanol', 'acetone', 'water']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000874

Monitor the reaction using ____ chromatography (TLC).	thin layer	['thin layer', 'liquid', 'affinity', 'gas', 'column']	operation	TEST-PQA-000875

Store the tubes at ____°C. They are good for one year at this temperature.	-20	['37', '25', '-20', '0', '4']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000876

Dissolve the Pro-Ject Reagent by adding 250ul of methanol or ____ to the tube containing the dry film.	chloroform	['water', 'chloroform', 'ethanol', 'DMSO', 'acetone']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000877

After adding the protein, mix the solution by ____ at low speed for 3-5 sec followed by incubating for 30 min at room temperature.	vortexing	['stirring', 'shaking', 'heating', 'centrifuging', 'vortexing']	operation	TEST-PQA-000878

Incubate the tube on ice for ____ minutes.	15	['15', '25', '5', '10', '20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000879

Freeze the cells using 90% FBS + ____% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).	10	['20', '25', '10', '5', '15']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000880

______ the plate at 37°C and 5% CO₂ for 7 days.	Incubate	['Freeze', 'Stir', 'Centrifuge', 'Incubate', 'Vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000881

Prepare working concentrations of tritium ____ Bq/L and 1 MBq/L in mouse drinking water by diluting the original stock of HTO and OBT solutions.	10k	['20k', '5k', '1k', '50k', '10k']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000882

Prepare sterile surgical instruments, 60mm petri dishes with inserted 70-micron cell strainers, 15ml and 1.5ml tubes, RPMI media supplemented with 5% ____ and place all within a biological safety cabinet.	fetal bovine serum (FBS)	['horse serum', 'fetal bovine serum (FBS)', 'bovine serum albumin', 'triton X-100', 'phosphate buffered saline']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000883

____ the spleen by mincing inside a cell strainer with sterile forceps with a curved end.	Homogenize	['Blend', 'Cut', 'Crush', 'Grind', 'Homogenize']	operation	TEST-PQA-000884

Store purified and validated Donors, Acceptors and Donor-Acceptor fusions at ____°C or -80°C.	-20	['-30', '-10', '-50', '-40', '-20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000885

Integrate multigene transfer vectors into the MultiBac baculoviral genome by transforming into ____ cells harboring the viral genome.	DH10	['HEK293', 'CHO', 'E. coli', 'Sf21', 'DH10']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000886

Lyse cells by your favorite method of choice, tailored to the requirements of your protein (freeze-thaw, sonication, French press, ____).	others	['others', 'centrifugation', 'incubation', 'filtration', 'digestion']	operation	TEST-PQA-000887

The protocol involves engineering baculovirus as an ______ agent.	insecticidal	['herbicidal', 'antifungal', 'antibacterial', 'insecticidal', 'antiviral']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000888

The microapplicator technique is used in this assay to apply ______.	baculovirus	['baculovirus', 'pesticides', 'antibiotics', 'fungicides', 'herbicides']	operation	TEST-PQA-000889

The authors of the protocol have ______ to disclose.	nothing	['nothing', 'interests', 'data', 'conflicts', 'results']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000890

Pre-warm HuES media to ____°C before use.	37	['25', '30', '37', '50', '42']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000891

Spray down the tube with ____% alcohol before transferring cells.	70	['60', '70', '90', '50', '80']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000892

____ off the MEF media from the wells before adding HuES media.	Aspirate	['Pour', 'Aspirate', 'Heat', 'Mix', 'Filter']	operation	TEST-PQA-000893

"Draw up ____ul of the OVA-Alum preparation using a 27 G×1/2"" Insulin syringe."	200	['150', '250', '200', '100', '300']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000894

Add 1×25ml aliquot of 10 mg/ml ____ solution to the ultrasonic nebulizer.	OVA	['OVA', 'PBS', 'MgCl₂', 'NaCl', 'H₂O']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000895

Slowly ____ the entire 200ul OVA-Alum preparation intraperitoneally (i.p).	inject	['withdraw', 'mix', 'stir', 'inject', 'heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000896

Assemble a temperature controller equipped with an inline heater to raise and maintain a physiological temperature of ____°C throughout the experiment.	37	['45', '40', '37', '30', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000897

Prepare a minimum of 1 L of PSS using 140 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM MgCl₂, 10 mM HEPES, and 10 mM ____.	glucose	['lactose', 'galactose', 'sucrose', 'fructose', 'glucose']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000898

While maintaining 100x to 200× magnification, withdraw the arteriolar segment into the pipette and then ____ to dissociate the adventitia and smooth muscle cells.	eject	['heat', 'inject', 'eject', 'freeze', 'stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000899

Set the temperature to ____°C, the time to 10 min, the pressure to 250 psi, and the power to 240 W.	120	['100', '120', '140', '110', '130']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000900

Dissolve 75 mg of FeCl₃·6H₂O and 80 mg of ____ in 9 mL of water.	citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate	['citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate', 'sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate', 'sodium chloride', 'sodium azide', 'disodium hydrogen phosphate']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000901

____ the microwave protocol to start the reaction.	Start	['Reset', 'Stop', 'Start', 'Pause', 'Monitor']	operation	TEST-PQA-000902

Add 120 mL of DCM to the flask (concentration = ____ /mL).	0.17	['1.00', '0.10', '0.17', '0.25', '0.50']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000903

To the funnel, add 13.5 mL of 2M ______.	potassium carbonate	['potassium carbonate', 'sodium chloride', 'hydrochloric acid', 'magnesium sulfate', 'ethyl acetate']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000904

Cap the funnel. Gently mix the two layers by ______ the funnel and swirling gently once or twice.	inverting	['freezing', 'stirring', 'inverting', 'boiling', 'shaking']	operation	TEST-PQA-000905

Grow a culture from a single bacterial colony of E. coli strain HT115 (DE3) containing the dsRNA expressing plasmid in 50 mL of Luria Broth (LB) containing 100 u/mL of ampicillin and ______ u/mL of tetracycline, on a platform shaker (180 rpm) at 37°C for 12h.	12.5	['25.0', '12.5', '10.0', '15.0', '20.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000906

Dilute the bacterial culture (1:1000) into ______ media containing 100 ug/mL of ampicillin and 12.5 ug/mL of tetracycline.	2× Yeast Tryptone (2x YT)	['Brain Heart Infusion (BHI)', 'Nutrient Broth (NB)', 'Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB)', '2× Yeast Tryptone (2x YT)', 'Luria Broth (LB)']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000907

When the cells reach an O.D. 600=0.4, approximately after 2h of induction at 37°C with agitation at 180 rpm, prepare a concentrated suspension of heat-killed bacteria as described by Taracena et al 9. ______ the cells by centrifugation (4000× g, 4°C, 10min) and wash cells in one volume of sodium phosphate buffer (PBS).	Pellet	['Pellet', 'Filter', 'Heat', 'Resuspend', 'Lyse']	operation	TEST-PQA-000908

To prepare enzyme H, dissolve each vial of the lyophilized powder in ____ of RPMI 1640 or DMEM.	3ml	['3ml', '2ml', '1ml', '4ml', '5ml']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000909

Prepare 250ml of buffer (1× PBS with ____ BSA) for cell separation procedure and antibody staining.	0.5%	['0.1%', '0.5%', '1.0%', '2.0%', '1.5%']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000910

Choose the mode 'h_tumor_01' by pressing the 'up' or 'down' button until the mode appears in the display and then pressing the ____ button.	start	['stop', 'reset', 'start', 'pause', 'cancel']	operation	TEST-PQA-000911

Heat agarose solution to above ____°C before aliquoting 40ul of agarose solution into a well on a 96-well plate.	70	['90', '60', '70', '50', '80']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000912

Remove a bottle of 3.1 mg/ml ____ from the refrigerator and place it on ice.	bovine collagen	['agarose', 'bovine collagen', 'NaOH', 'phenol red', 'fluorescent tracer probes']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000913

Gently ____ Vial 1 before transferring the mixture in 60ul portions into three separate wells of a 96-well plate.	stir	['shake', 'stir', 'freeze', 'boil', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000914

Weigh 0.2 of agarose and add to 10 ml 1 x PBS. Heat the solution to dissolve the agarose. Agarose will solidify at RT, so maintain it in a ____°C water bath until used for inflation.	37	['37', '25', '50', '30', '42']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000915

To image Gr1-positive neutrophils and monocytes, prepare a syringe with 7ul of stock AF647-conjugated Gr-1 antibody (1 m g/m l) into 100ul of sterile ____ under the hood.	PBS	['NaCl', 'PBS', 'HCl', 'MgCl₂', 'H₂O']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000916

Take a _206 needle and gently ____ the needle 4-5m m into the trachea without any counter force.	insert	['remove', 'cut', 'boil', 'shake', 'insert']	operation	TEST-PQA-000917

Select the transformants on LB agar plates containing 50 u/m l Spectinomycin (expression construct), 25 u/m l Gentamicin (helper plasmid), and 25 u/m l ______ (genomic) at 30°C for 2-3 days.	Rifampicin	['Rifampicin', 'Chloramphenicol', 'Ampicillin', 'Tetracycline', 'Kanamycin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000918

Germinate ~50-100 seeds in a 3.5-inch square plastic pot containing potting soil at ______°C and 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod with 80-100 umol/m^2s light intensity.	21-24	['30-32', '21-24', '15-18', '18-20', '25-28']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000919

______ and incubate the cultures for 4h at room temperature (without shaking).	Vortex	['Shake', 'Centrifuge', 'Vortex', 'Heat', 'Stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000920

Make an appointment for the UAE procedure and remember that the patient should be before the ____ day of the cycle.	10th	['10th', '15th', '5th', '7th', '12th']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000921

Order the patient the following medications: 1 tablet of anxiolytic (for example, Estazolam) orally, 1 dose of intravenous antibiotics, 1 globule of ____ intravaginally, Diclofenac 100mg rectal suppository.	Metronidazole	['Ciprofloxacin', 'Amoxicillin', 'Ibuprofen', 'Metronidazole', 'Paracetamol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000922

Put the patient on the operating table and ____ the right inguinal region widely using a hospital disinfectant.	disinfect	['disinfect', 'wipe', 'clean', 'rinse', 'sterilize']	operation	TEST-PQA-000923

Add 260ul of Proteinase K Storage Buffer to Proteinase K included in the kit to reconstitute lyophilized Proteinase K to a final concentration of ______ mg/ml.	20	['25', '15', '20', '10', '30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000924

Resuspend lyophilized RNase A in 300ul ddH2O to a final concentration of ______ mg/ml and store at 4°C.	6.66	['5.00', '8.00', '7.50', '6.66', '10.00']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000925

______ tube briefly after the 1 min incubation.	Vortex	['Heat', 'Shake', 'Centrifuge', 'Vortex', 'Freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000926

Incubate the bacteria at ____°C in a water bath for precisely 45 seconds and put the tube directly on ice for 20 minutes.	42	['18', '25', '42', '50', '37']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000927

Prepare the starter culture by inoculating a single colony of the transformed bacteria into 100 mL of autoclaved LB media supplemented with ampicillin (0.1 mg/mL) and ____ (0.035 mg/mL).	chloramphenicol	['MgCl₂', 'PMSF', 'glycerol', 'IPTG', 'chloramphenicol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000928

Sonicate the suspension using a tip sonicator at an amplitude value set between 30 and 50 for 5 minutes with a 1-second pulse on and 4-second pulse off cycle (25 minutes total sonication time). The sonication should be performed on ____ to prevent heating of the suspension.	ice	['shaker', 'water bath', 'incubator', 'ice', 'hot plate']	operation	TEST-PQA-000929

Grow (adherent) cells until ____% confluent in 80cm^2 tissue culture flasks.	80	['100', '90', '50', '70', '80']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000930

Detach cells with a solution of 0.05% trypsin: EDTA (5ml) and neutralise with same volume of medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and ______ (10,000U/100ml).	penicillin-streptomycin	['chloramphenicol', 'tetracycline', 'ampicillin', 'penicillin-streptomycin', 'gentamicin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000931

Rapidly add 5ml of ice-cold phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and discard by ______ the flask into a sink (designated for aqueous radioactive waste) and rinse 3 more times with ice-cold PBS (5ml).	inverting	['shaking', 'freezing', 'boiling', 'stirring', 'inverting']	operation	TEST-PQA-000932

Dissolve styrene (153.6 mmol), 4-cyano-4-(ethylsulfanylthiocarbonyl) sulfanylpentanoic acid (ECT; 0.2 mmol), and 4,4'-Azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) (ACVA; 0.04 mmol) in ____ ml of 1,4-dioxane.	40	['40', '30', '20', '60', '50']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000933
Dissolve IPAAm monomer (4.32 mmol), PSt macro RAFT agent (0.022 mmol), and ACVA (0.004 mmol) in 4 ml of ______.	1,4-dioxane	['1,4-dioxane', 'water', 'toluene', 'ethanol', 'acetone']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000934
Freeze the solution in liquid nitrogen under vacuum for 15-20 min to remove the reactive species and gradually ____ at RT.	thaw	['heat', 'stir', 'centrifuge', 'thaw', 'boil']	operation	TEST-PQA-000935
Transfer ____ mL of urine into an ultracentrifuge tube.	0.5	['0.3', '0.2', '0.4', '0.6', '0.5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000936
Bring up volume to fill the ultracentrifuge tube with ____.	PBS	['PBS', 'NaCl', 'MgCl₂', 'H₂O', 'HCl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000937
____ the sample at 100,000×g for 70 min.	Centrifuge	['Boil', 'Freeze', 'Stir', 'Shake', 'Centrifuge']	operation	TEST-PQA-000938
Adjust light level to give nice image. (usually use ____ Volts) (controlled via software).	4.7	['4.7', '6.0', '5.0', '3.5', '4.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000939
Switch Filter Cube to ______ (automatically set on startup).	FITC/GFP	['DIC', 'FITC/GFP', 'Phase Contrast', 'Brightfield', 'RFP']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000940
Use microscope focus knob to find the bottom of the embryo (last focal plane with some yolk granules in focus). Click on ______.	Select bottom	['Start acquisition', 'Set ROI', 'Select top', 'Adjust focus', 'Select bottom']	operation	TEST-PQA-000941
Adjust the voltage to get ____V across the wiper of the top potentiometer and 1.8V across the bottom.	1.3	['1.3', '1.5', '1.0', '2.0', '2.5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000942
Attach the two ____ potentiometers to the middle terminal strip.	10K-Ohm	['20K-Ohm', '10K-Ohm', '5K-Ohm', '50K-Ohm', '100K-Ohm']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000943
Include a simple toggle SPST push button 'master switch' for ____ the power supply to the circuit.	switching	['testing', 'measuring', 'monitoring', 'disconnecting', 'switching']	operation	TEST-PQA-000944
Grow the human monocytic cell line THP-1 in RPMI-1640 complete culture medium with ____% fetal bovine serum.	10	['25', '15', '10', '5', '20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000945
Prepare a stock solution of PMA by dissolving 1 mg of PMA in 1.62 mL of ______.	dimethyl sulfoxide	['water', 'ethanol', 'methanol', 'acetone', 'dimethyl sulfoxide']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000946
After treatment, aspirate all the supernatant from the wells and wash with PBS 2x. Add 500 µL of 0.05% Trypsin (non-EDTA) to each well, and ______ in the incubator for 30s.	incubate	['shake', 'freeze', 'heat', 'incubate', 'stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-000947
Resuspend cells in sterile PBS to an adjusted final volume of at least ______ cells per 3ul injection.	100,000	['150,000', '100,000', '75,000', '125,000', '50,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000948
Prepare the Hamilton syringe by rinsing in 70% ______ and then sterile PBS.	Ethanol	['Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Acetone', 'Methanol', 'Ethanol', 'Isopropanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000949
Drill a hole 2 mm right and 1 mm anterior to the ______ suture.	bregma	['bregma', 'sagittal', 'lambdoid', 'squamous', 'coronal']	operation	TEST-PQA-000950
Precool the freeze-dryer to a temperature range of ______°C to -60°C.	-50	['-50', '-40', '-10', '-20', '-30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000951
Mix the ______ stock solution by pipetting up and down gently to ensure even mixing.	rhBMP-2	['MgCl₂', 'PBS', 'EDTA', 'NaCl', 'rhBMP-2']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000952
Cut the gelatin sponge into 48 uniformly sized pieces using sterilized ______.	scissors	['scissors', 'forceps', 'pipette', 'knife', 'tweezers']	operation	TEST-PQA-000953
The slides are then put into ____% hydrogen peroxide (diluted in methanol) for 20 minutes followed by a rinse in distilled water for 3 minutes, and washed in phosphate-buffered saline (called PBS) for 5 minutes.	3	['1', '2', '5', '3', '4']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000954
The slides being immunostained for ERCC1 or Pms2 are then exposed to 10 minutes exposure to an added treatment of 3 drops of a proprietary solution, obtained from Biocare, called ____ which acts to reduce non-specific staining of background proteins.	Sniper	['Vectastain', 'PBS', 'Tween', 'TBST', 'Sniper']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000955
As an example, for Pms2 immunohistochemistry, slides are first deparaffinized by placing in 3 changes of xylene (3 minutes each), followed by 2 changes in 100% ethanol (2 minutes each), followed by 2 changes in 95% ethanol (2 minutes each), followed by 2 changes of ____ (2 minutes each).	distilled water	['sodium citrate buffer', 'methanol', 'xylene', 'distilled water', 'ethanol']	operation	TEST-PQA-000956
Prepare a mixture of two parts of 99% methanol (MeOH) and one part of H₂O, designated as MeOH/H₂O. Store pure MeOH and MeOH/H₂O at ____ to minimize alcohol evaporation and increase sample stability.	-20°C	['0°C', '37°C', '4°C', '-20°C', '25°C']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000957
Prepare a Replacement solution for SPE containing 10% of a saturated ammonia solution, 50% of methanol, and 40% of ____ (v/v).	water	['water', 'NaOH', 'acetone', 'ethanol', 'HCl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000958
Put the tubes into the tissue homogenizer and either homogenize one time for 20 s with heavy shaking (for cell pellets, soft tissues) or two times for 20 s each (or longer if necessary) with an interval of ____ in between (for stiff tissues).	5 min	['2 min', '30 s', '5 min', '1 min', '10 min']	operation	TEST-PQA-000959
Adjust image depth, depth offset, image width, and number of focal zones to cover the desired region of interest in all three spatial dimensions (e.g., ____ image depth, 2 mm depth offset, 1 cm image width, one focal zone).	1 cm	['2 cm', '1 cm', '3 cm', '0.5 cm', '1.5 cm']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000960
Place appropriate ______ on the eye of the animal. If scaled eyelids (ultrasound impermeable) cover the eye, then displace these gently with a cotton swab.	ultrasound medium	['anesthetic', 'ultrasound gel', 'saline solution', 'cotton swab', 'ultrasound medium']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000961
Using a micromanipulator or build-in transducer motor, ______ the transducer across the entire region of interest in steps of, e.g., 25um or 50um (remember to note the step size) and repeat the 2100 frames acquisition for each step.	translate	['rotate', 'vibrate', 'detach', 'elevate', 'translate']	operation	TEST-PQA-000962
Administer 1.5% sodium pentobarbital at a dose of ____ mL per 10g body weight through intraperitoneal injection.	0.06	['0.10', '0.15', '0.06', '0.20', '0.03']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000963
Fill another 20 mL syringe with ____ solution.	4% PFA	['10% NaCl', '5% glucose', '1% HCl', '0.9% saline', '4% PFA']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000964
Grip the skin on the chest with ophthalmic forceps and ____ using tissue scissors to expose the xiphoid.	make an incision	['make an incision', 'remove the tissue', 'apply pressure', 'clean the area', 'inject the solution']	operation	TEST-PQA-000965
Start oxygenation using a mixture of _02 and air (30% _02) at a combined flow rate of ____ mL/min.	400	['450', '400', '500', '300', '350']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000966
Obtain a sample of perfusate solution from the T-branch pipe of arterial perfusion line for microbial culture (8m L), blood gas analysis (0.5 m L) and liver function test (____ mL).	3	['4', '1', '2', '3', '5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000967
Place a 32–34 Fr caval cannula in the infrahepatic inferior vena cava (IHIVC) for outflow to the organ reservoir of the device. Connect a straight 24 Fr cannula to the PV perfusion line of the device and then, via the interposition vein, completely insert into the ____.	PV	['IVC', 'PV', 'SA', 'GDA', 'HA']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000968
Rinse the pancreas twice in ______ to remove contaminants.	Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) 1x	"[""Waymouth's medium"", ""Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) 1x"", 'Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)', 'Collagenase IA solution', 'Phosphate-Buffered Saline 1x']"	reagent	TEST-PQA-000969

Centrifuge the pancreas sections for 2 minutes at ____×g and 4°C.	450	['900', '300', '600', '450', '750']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000970

Filtrate the cell mixture by allowing it to pass through a ____ filter to retain non-digested fragments.	100um	['75um', '200um', '150um', '100um', '50um']	operation	TEST-PQA-000971

Set the freeze dryer at approximately ____ mbar while the ice condenser is -51°C.	0.090	['0.300', '0.050', '0.090', '0.200', '0.100']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000972

Prepare the digestion solution, consisting of 0.25% ____ with EDTA supplemented with 100U/mL penicillin, 100 u/m L streptomycin, and 1% (v/v) Amphotericin B.	trypsin	['streptomycin', 'amphotericin', 'EDTA', 'trypsin', 'penicillin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000973

Freeze the molds with cartilage particles for 10 min at ____.	-20°C	['-20°C', '37°C', '-80°C', '0°C', '4°C']	operation	TEST-PQA-000974

Incubate at ____°C for 10 days.	22	['30', '20', '25', '22', '18']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000975

Add 1ml ____ solution, vortex, and incubate for 15 min by shaking at 100rpm.	6% sodium hypochlorite	['6% sodium hypochlorite', '3% hydrogen peroxide', '8% acetic acid', '10% bleach', '5% ethanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000976

Add 1ml 95% ethanol to a 1.7ml microcentrifuge tube containing seeds, ____, and incubate for 1 min.	vortex	['heat', 'freeze', 'stir', 'shake', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-000977

Centrifuge for 3 min at ____×g in a swinging bucket rotor at room temperature and drain the liquid.	600	['300', '800', '500', '700', '600']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000978

Resuspend in 1/2 volume of ice-cold ____ buffer with gentle vortexing and let sit on ice for 10 min.	NE1	['Binding', 'NE1', 'Antibody', 'PBS', 'Wash']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000979

Add 16% formaldehyde to 0.1% and ____ at room temperature for 2 min.	incubate	['incubate', 'heat', 'vortex', 'centrifuge', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000980

In 900uL of the Cul1sortase•Rbx1 solution in the sortase buffer, add 100uL of 600uM purified sortase A solution and 10uL of 25m M ______ peptide. Incubate the reaction mixture at 30°C in the dark overnight.	GGGGAMC	['Cand1', 'FlAsH', 'AMC', 'GGGGAMC', 'LPETGG']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000981

Pellet the Ni-NTA agarose beads by centrifugation at ______× g for 2 min and collect the supernatant.	5,000	['7,000', '5,000', '10,000', '1,000', '3,000']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000982

Place the cuvette in the sample holder of a fluorimeter. Excite the sample with 350 nm excitation light and ______ the emission signals from 400n m to 600n m at 1 nm increments.	scan	['detect', 'scan', 'measure', 'analyze', 'record']	operation	TEST-PQA-000983

Heat the tubes for exactly ____ sec in a 42°C water bath; do not shake.	30	['15', '30', '90', '45', '60']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000984

Spread 550µl of the transformation mixture on LB agar plates containing 34 µg/ml chloramphenicol and ____ µg/ml kanamycin.	50	['25', '34', '75', '100', '50']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000985

Add 500µl of the overnight culture to 500µl of 50% sterile glycerol in a ____-ml screw-top tube or cryovial and mix gently.	2	['5', '15', '1', '10', '2']	operation	TEST-PQA-000986

Sonicate the glass vials in a water bath for 30 min at full pulse and ______°C.	65	['55', '65', '45', '85', '75']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000987

Make a DOPC stock solution with a concentration of 10-25 mg/mL and ______ with a concentration of 1-10 mg/mL.	DGS-NTA-Ni2+	['HCl', 'H₂O', 'NaCl', 'DGS-NTA-Ni2+', 'MgCl₂']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000988

______ the lipid solution for about 30s to form MLVs.	Vortex	['Shake', 'Boil', 'Vortex', 'Stir', 'Freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-000989

Grow the double-transformant strains at 37°C and 250 rpm shaking in 1.5mL LB with appropriate antibiotics (kanamycin at a final concentration of ____ and ampicillin at a final concentration of 100 u/m L).	25u/m L	['50u/m L', '25u/m L', '100u/m L', '75u/m L', '10u/m L']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000990

Prepare, in advance, 1L of bioassay buffer (BA) by mixing 0.5 of tryptone, 0.3mL of glycerol, 5.8g of NaCl, 50mL of 1 M ____, 1 mL of 10× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer p H7.4, and 950m L of double distilled water (DDW).	MgSO₄	['MgCl₂', 'KCl', 'NaCl', 'CaCl₂', 'MgSO₄']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000991

Double-digest both the mini-genes and the target vector with Eagl-HF and ApaLI by the restriction protocol18, and ____ purify19.	column	['filter', 'heat', 'centrifuge', 'wash', 'column']	operation	TEST-PQA-000992

Shake the culture overnight (12-16 h) at ____°C at the rate of 220 rpm.	28	['30', '25', '35', '37', '28']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000993

Pick a single positive colony and put into 2ml of the liquid LB medium with the appropriate selective antibiotics, in this case, ____ + Rif + Spec.	Gent	['Tet', 'Kan', 'Chl', 'Amp', 'Gent']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000994

____ down the culture at 2,500× g for 5 min, discard the supernatant.	Spin	['Spin', 'Filter', 'Cool', 'Mix', 'Heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-000995

Place the glass slide on the stage of a carbon evaporator, and evaporate ____nm of carbon onto the film side of the grids.	20	['20', '50', '10', '40', '30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000996

Apply a droplet of ____ to the top of the planchette, then drag the pipette tip so the drop spreads onto the filter paper.	1-Hexadecene	['1-Hexadecene', 'Ethanol', 'Acetone', 'Water', 'Methanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-000997

Dip the flat side of the planchettes in POL metallpflege metal polish, and ____ it by hand in circular motions on a piece of filter paper.	rub	['wipe', 'press', 'brush', 'rub', 'scrub']	operation	TEST-PQA-000998

Anesthetize mice via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a solution containing midazolam (5mg/kg), medetomidine (______ mg/mL), and fentanyl (0.5mg/kg).	0.5	['0.75', '1.0', '0.1', '0.5', '0.25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-000999

Prepare Acridine orange: dilute 1:4 a 2 mg/mL stock solution with ______ (0.5mg/mL final concentration) in a 1 mL syringe.	sterile saline	['PBS', 'ethanol', 'distilled water', 'sterile saline', 'HCl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001000

______ the superior mesenteric artery with a small vascular clamp.	Occlude	['Occlude', 'Cut', 'Suture', 'Ligate', 'Inject']	operation	TEST-PQA-001001

In a small reaction vessel, dissolve 7 mg N H_2 -Bn-NOTA (1.25×10-2mmol) in 600 uN a H C O_3 buffer (0.1 M, pH ____).	8.1	['8.1', '8.5', '9.0', '7.0', '7.5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001002

Add the N H_2 -Bn-NOTA solution to 0.5:m g:T z -NHS ( 1.25×10-3mmol) ) in a 1.7m microcentrifuge tube. NOTE: The T z -NHS can either be weighed out dry or added from a stock solution of dry ____ or DMSO (<50u1).	DMF	['EtOH', 'DMF', 'HCl', 'PBS', 'NaCl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001003

Allow the resulting reaction solution to react for 30 min at RT with mild ____.	agitation	['heating', 'agitation', 'cooling', 'freezing', 'centrifugation']	operation	TEST-PQA-001004

Retain all rat litters (12 neonates per colony) in individual cages with their lactating mothers (9 - 11 week old females), under optimal conditions (19-21°C, 45-55% humidity, 15-20 air changes/hr and ____ hr light/dark cycle).	12	['10', '8', '14', '6', '12']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001005

Store E. coli K1 stocks in 20% (v/v) glycerol at -80°C. For each experiment, plate out stock bacteria onto ______ agar plates, and incubate at 37°C O/N.	Mueller-Hinton (MH)	['Blood', 'Mueller-Hinton (MH)', 'LB', 'Nutrient', 'MacConkey']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001006

Gently hold the animal vertically in one hand from the scruff of the neck, allowing the mouth to open. Slowly insert the sterile pipette tip into the mouth of the animal, and ______ 20ul of the inoculum (-37°C) into the mouth of the animal over a 30 sec time period.	pipette	['pour', 'drop', 'inject', 'spray', 'pipette']	operation	TEST-PQA-001007

Nano-strip at ____°C for at least 5 minutes.	70	['80', '60', '90', '50', '70']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001008

Coat with a solution of ____ 5% v/v in PBS++ and incubate overnight at 4°C.	Laminin-521	['Laminin-521', 'Fibronectin', 'Collagen', 'Matrigel', 'Laminin-111']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001009

Spin coat: 300 rpm, 100 rpm/sec, 7 sec; 500 rpm, 100 rpm/second, 10 seconds; ____ rpm, 100 rpm/sec, 30 sec.	2000	['2500', '1500', '3000', '1000', '2000']	operation	TEST-PQA-001010

Prepare PLP 139-151 at a concentration of ____ in 1x phosphate buffered saline (PBS).	1 mg/ml	['0.5 mg/ml', '5 mg/ml', '10 mg/ml', '2 mg/ml', '1 mg/ml']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001011

Transfer the three tissue chambers containing the sections designated for staining with specific dextramers into three wells in a 24-well plate with one chamber per well in which, 300ul of a cocktail containing allophycocyanin (APC)-conjugated PLP 139-151 dextramers (2.5u/ml) and anti-CD4-phycoerythrin (PE; 5ug/ml) in ____ was previously added.	blocking solution	['distilled water', 'alkaline buffer', 'saline solution', 'acidic buffer', 'blocking solution']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001012

To euthanize the mice, pre-fill the euthanasia chamber first with CO₂ by turning the regulator of the CO₂ tank not exceeding ____ and allow animals to stay within the chamber for approximately 5 min to achieve complete asphyxia.	6 psi	['20 psi', '6 psi', '10 psi', '15 psi', '3 psi']	operation	TEST-PQA-001013

Place the garden tray with pots in the Fitotron plant growth chamber at a temperature of ____°C.	22	['25', '20', '22', '30', '18']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001014

Add 2ml of ______ to the ground leaves and mix with the pestle.	inoculation buffer	['L buffer', 'PBS', 'PEG', 'inoculation buffer', 'extraction buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001015

______ the suspension for 30 sec at 2,500 rpm.	Vortex	['Heat', 'Vortex', 'Centrifuge', 'Shake', 'Stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-001016

Incubate an appropriate number of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-washed suspension or adherent cells with 450ul of ice-cold Cell Permeabilization Buffer CPB; 0.1% (w/v) saponin in PBS; ______°C.	4	['37', '4', '25', '10', '0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001017

Prepare a stock solution of 10m M ______ in ice-cold PBS.	ascorbic acid	['ascorbic acid', 'trichloroacetic acid', 'glucose', 'sodium chloride', 'acetic acid']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001018

______ mix the 96-well plate at 550 rpm at room temperature for 5 min in the dark by covering the plate in foil.	Orbitally	['Stir', 'Orbitally', 'Centrifuge', 'Shake', 'Vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-001019

Remove ____ mL from each bottle of DMEM medium and add 50 mL of dialyzed FCS.	50	['75', '50', '25', '100', '150']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001020

Dissolve 50 mg of 13 C_6 L-Lysine-2HCl and 50 mg of 13 C_6 L-Arginine-HCl in 1 mL of medium. Mix thoroughly and add the amino acids to the DMEM + ____ medium.	FCS	['Tris-HCl', 'NaCl', 'EDTA', 'PBS', 'FCS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001021

Culture the cells for at least 6 passages (split ratio: 1:6); after 6 passages, the incorporation of the 'heavy' amino acids should be more than ____%.	95	['85', '99', '95', '90', '80']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001022

Centrifuge the sample at ____×g for 5 min at 4°C.	300	['500', '600', '200', '400', '300']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001023

Add cold cell lysis buffer (Table 1) to the cell pellet (300 µL per 2×106 cells). Pipette up and down to resuspend the pellet in ____.	cell lysis buffer	['elution buffer', 'nuclear lysis buffer', 'cell lysis buffer', 'PBS', 'ethanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001024

Extract once using 1 volume of chloroform, ____ for 10 s, then spin down at 12,000× g for 5 min at 4°C.	vortex	['stir', 'shake', 'freeze', 'boil', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-001025

Incubate the RNA oligos at ____°C for 30 seconds and cool gradually to room temperature.	95	['100', '80', '90', '110', '95']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001026

Add 5 μl glycogen and 1 ml ice-cold ____ to the supernatant for RNA concentration.	absolute ethanol	['nuclease-free water', 'annealing buffer', 'absolute ethanol', 'soaking buffer', 'PBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001027

Generate a homogenous suspension by repeated pipetting and ____, and incubate overnight at 4°C.	vortexing	['vortexing', 'shaking', 'centrifuging', 'stirring', 'heating']	operation	TEST-PQA-001028

Perform an intraperitoneal injection of tramadol (____ mg/kg) 15 min before surgery.	5	['3', '6', '4', '5', '2']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001029

Administer a single dose of intramuscular ______ (5 mg/kg) immediately before surgery.	Gentamicin	['Penicillin', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Vancomycin', 'Amoxicillin', 'Gentamicin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001030

Administer a volume of 1 mL of saline solution at 4°C containing 500 IU of heparin through the abdominal vena cava, then ______ the diaphragm from left to right.	cut	['clamp', 'cut', 'suture', 'cool', 'inspect']	operation	TEST-PQA-001031

Incubate the tissues at ____ degrees Celsius for 25-30 minutes for AGMs and 35-40 minutes for yolk sacs.	37	['37', '30', '25', '35', '40']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001032

Resuspend tissues in 0.25% ______ in PBS with 20% FBS, with enough volume to adequately cover tissues.	collagenase	['collagenase', 'NaCl', 'MgCl₂', 'HCl', 'ethanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001033

At the end of the incubation, gently ______ tissues up and down to dissociate into single cell suspensions.	pipette	['shake', 'boil', 'stir', 'pipette', 'vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-001034

Set the growth chamber settings to maintain a day temperature of ____°C.	24	['25', '24', '21', '30', '18']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001035

Dissolve 1.08 g of cerium (III) nitrate in ____ mL of molecular biology grade water.	2.5	['1', '3', '10', '2.5', '5']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001036

Mix the solutions thoroughly at ____ rpm for 15 min using a digital vortex mixer.	2,000	['3,000', '2,500', '1,000', '2,000', '1,500']	operation	TEST-PQA-001037

Grind the frozen sample using a ball-mill for ____ minutes at 25Hz.	2:30	['2:30', '4:00', '1:00', '3:00', '5:00']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001038

Add 1mL of ______ solution to resuspend the pellet.	chloroform/methanol (1:1 v/v)	['acetone/methanol (1:1 v/v)', 'isopropanol/water (1:1 v/v)', 'methanol/water (1:1 v/v)', 'chloroform/methanol (1:1 v/v)', 'ethanol/water (70:30 v/v)']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001039

______ the sample for 16h at 37°C in an incubator, shaking at 300rpm.	Incubate	['Freeze', 'Vortex', 'Dry', 'Centrifuge', 'Incubate']	operation	TEST-PQA-001040

Measure the initial dose equivalent (DE) of the HP 129×e gas before transportation. DE is given by 11, D E=f_129× P_129× ____ (1.2) where f_129 is the isotropic fraction of 129×e , P_129 is 129×e nuclear spin polarization, and V_X e is the total volume of xenon gas.	V_X e	['T1', 'DE', 'V_X e', 'P_129', 'f_129']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001041

Submerge the pressure vessel in a small amount of ______ to allow xenon diffusion and freezing (see Figure 1).	liquid nitrogen	['liquid nitrogen', 'liquid oxygen', 'water', 'ethanol', 'liquid helium']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001042

Provide proper coaching to the subject regarding breath-holding techniques and allow the subject to ______ the inhalation procedure using a bag of air before introducing the H p 129X e bag.	practice	['skip', 'observe', 'practice', 'avoid', 'delay']	operation	TEST-PQA-001043

After transformation, centrifuge the cells at ____× g for 1 min and gently resuspend in 200uL of fresh SC-His medium.	150	['150', '250', '300', '100', '200']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001044

Plate the entire cell volume on a yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) agar plate if integrating into δ-sites, or an ____ plate if transforming with a plasmid containing a selection marker.	SC-dropout	['YPD', 'M9', 'SC-dropout', 'LB', 'SOC']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001045

Incubate the plates in ____ for 4h at 30°C with 200 rpm shaking by turning off the light panel and wrapping the plates in aluminum foil.	dark	['humidity', 'cold', 'heat', 'dark', 'light']	operation	TEST-PQA-001046

Centrifuge at ______× g for 2 min in a benchtop microfuge and discard the flow-through.	1,000	['1,500', '2,000', '1,000', '500', '750']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001047

Dissolve the Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin in ______ to give an 8 mM solution.	DMF	['H₂O', 'PBS', 'HCl', 'DMF', 'NaCl']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001048

______ the streptavidin agarose resin to ensure an even suspension.	Mix	['Boil', 'Mix', 'Stir', 'Shake', 'Freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-001049

Put 100mg of tissue samples in a 2.0mL tube, add two 5:m m stainless steel beads and homogenize the tissue at ____ Hz for 30 s.	25-30	['20-25', '25-30', '15-20', '30-35', '35-40']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001050

Prepare the GTC gel by adding 5 mM ____ to a standard 1× TBE 1% agarose gel after cooling the agar to 60°C.	GTC	['ethidium bromide', 'EDTA', 'TBE', 'formamide', 'GTC']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001051

Run the qPCR assay on a real-time thermal cycler under the following conditions: 10 min at 95°C followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 15s and 60°C for ____.	1 min	['1 min', '45 s', '5 min', '2 min', '30 s']	operation	TEST-PQA-001052

Set up a minimum of 8 PCR reactions according to the manufacturer’s instructions using 1 ng of double-stranded DNA template and a minimum reaction volume of ____.	50ul	['75ul', '25ul', '100ul', '50ul', '150ul']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001053

Elute in 20ul of the provided ____ buffer.	EB	['PBS', 'H₂O', 'Tris', 'EB', 'TE']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001054

____ the reactions briefly and incubate at room temperature for 30min.	Vortex	['Boil', 'Freeze', 'Vortex', 'Shake', 'Stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-001055

When choosing fixed length for upstream sequence analysis, SCOPE typically examines ____ nucleotides upstream from the start of the current gene.	800	['1000', '1200', '600', '800', '500']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001056

For the demo, pressing the 'Sample Search' button will fill in the necessary information, including three genes involved in telomere maintenance in ______.	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	['Escherichia coli', 'Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Homo sapiens']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001057

After pressing the 'Sample Search' button, press the '______' button at the bottom of the page to start the analysis.	Run SCOPE	['Submit', 'Run SCOPE', 'Analyze', 'Execute', 'Start']	operation	TEST-PQA-001058

Collect the cells using trypsin and store at ____ °C.	-80	['-20', '-80', '0', '4', '37']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001059

Elute in 600 μL of provided ____.	water	['ethanol', 'buffer', 'PBS', 'DMEM', 'water']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001060

Use a 100 μL tip on the Neon pipette to ____ up 100 μL of the cells-buffer-DNA solution.	pick	['inject', 'pick', 'mix', 'drop', 'pour']	operation	TEST-PQA-001061

Ensure that each dimension of the block is at least ____ mm greater than the dimensions of the humerus.	5	['4', '5', '7', '6', '3']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001062

Mix agarose powder in ultrapure water and microwave for 1-3 min until the agarose is completely dissolved. It is helpful to microwave for 30-45 s, stop and swirl, and then continue towards a boil. Fill cryotubes up to three-quarters full with ____.	agarose	['ethanol', 'agarose', 'PBS', 'water', 'gelatin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001063

In the assembly window, select the block, and click ____ from the Assembly toolbar.	Edit Component	['Insert', 'Edit Component', 'Save', 'Delete', 'Export']	operation	TEST-PQA-001064

Ensure the appropriate antibiotic concentration is used, such as ____ u/mL of kanamycin sulfate for the Addgene #127078 plasmid expressing GFPuv.	35	['40', '35', '30', '45', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001065

Fill each 250mL shake flask with approximately 20~mL of sterile ____, supplemented with appropriate antibiotics.	AB-2	['RPMI', 'AB-2', 'LB', 'DMEM', 'PBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001066

Harvest the cells by ____ at 4,000×g for 20 minutes.	centrifugation	['sonication', 'centrifugation', 'dialysis', 'incubation', 'filtration']	operation	TEST-PQA-001067

Set up a heating lamp about 40 cm from the place where the animal's head will lie. Make sure the heat at the level of the polystyrene pad does not exceed ____°C.	40	['70', '30', '40', '60', '50']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001068
Use a saline-soaked cotton swab and gently push the median lobe downwards. Dissect the ventral three quarters of the falciform ligament, which will now be visible between the median lobe's surface and the ____.	diaphragm	['diaphragm', 'liver', 'intestine', 'stomach', 'lung']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001069

Perform an incision along the median line from the xiphoid to the mid-abdomen using scissors and ____.	forceps	['clamp', 'tweezers', 'needle', 'scalpel', 'forceps']	operation	TEST-PQA-001070

Sample the entire leaves or the cotyledons from the plant and place them in 50~ml tubes containing ____% ethanol for chlorophyll removal.	96	['70', '90', '96', '80', '100']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001071

Discard the phosphate buffer and cover the sample with 0.05% ______ solution.	Methyl blue	['Ethanol', 'Tris.HCl', 'Methyl blue', 'Fluorescent Brightener', 'Sodium phosphate']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001072

Cover the sample with 0.5% Methyl blue solution and ______ for 24 h in darkness.	incubate	['stir', 'vortex', 'incubate', 'freeze', 'boil']	operation	TEST-PQA-001073

Resuspend two vials of protein G Sepharose (____ each) in 50mL of Hartmann’s solution in a 50-mL tube.	5mL	['5mL', '15mL', '2mL', '10mL', '20mL']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001074

Dilute the serum 1:3 in ______: 20~mL of serum and 40~mL of Hartmann’s solution, for a total of 60mL of diluted serum.	Hartmann’s solution	['ethanol', 'glycine', 'Tris', 'sucrose', 'Hartmann’s solution']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001075

Open the two-way stopcock (vertical) and let all the solution slowly ______ (to allow the protein G to deposit at the bottom of the column).	run down	['freeze', 'boil', 'stir', 'run down', 'shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-001076

Anesthetize male C57Bl/6 mice, aged 8 weeks, with vaporized ____% isoflurane and 0.8 L/min oxygen administered into an acrylic induction chamber.	3	['2', '5', '3', '1', '4']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001077

Place a single microsurgery clip across both the proximal aorta and the proximal IVC at the level just below the ____ renal vein.	left	['caudal', 'ventral', 'right', 'dorsal', 'left']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001078

Infuse the drug solution (100-200u1) using the ____ hand.	left	['right', 'left', 'upper', 'lower', 'dominant']	operation	TEST-PQA-001079

Set optimization parameters to level number ____, level to perform 3, iteration number 5, coregistration type rigid body.	4	['4', '6', '5', '3', '2']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001080

Select image to be segmented in DataManager, and select ____ tool from speed icons.	Segmentation Editor	['NiftyReg', 'Segmentation Editor', 'Basic Processing Tools', 'VesselExtractor', 'Surface Extractor']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001081

Select target point on planar imaging by pressing 'Alt' and ____ on the mouse, based on list of desired anatomical target points by clinicians.	right-click	['drag', 'scroll', 'right-click', 'double-click', 'left-click']	operation	TEST-PQA-001082

Establish pneumoperitoneum through a 1 cm incision above the umbilicus using a Veress needle connected to the insufflator (set the pressure to ____ mmHg).	14	['18', '14', '16', '10', '12']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001083

Create a Kocher's incision, about 5 cm, at the lateral side of the second part of the duodenum using an ______ to expose the retroduodenal portion of the common bile duct.	electrocoagulation hook	['curved shears', 'Cadiere forceps', 'ultrasonic scalpel', 'electrocoagulation hook', 'bipolar forceps']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001084
Label the resection line of S4b, S5, and the caudate lobe on the liver's surface using an electrocoagulation hook. ______ the perihepatic ligaments and dissociate the bilateral halves of the liver with the electrocoagulation hook and bipolar forceps.	Transect	['Mobilize', 'Dissect', 'Transect', 'Ligate', 'Clip']	operation	TEST-PQA-001085

Place the dried pup in the warmed (____ °C), humidified (50% relative humidity) incubator.	36	['34', '30', '38', '40', '36']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001086

Flood the induction chamber with ____ (2.5%, 2.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), 2 L/min).	Isoflurane	['Xylazine', 'Ethanol', 'Saline', 'Ketamine', 'Isoflurane']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001087

Introduce the 30 blunt tipped needle (attached to the Hamilton syringe) into the plastic cannula (in the trachea), and slowly ____ the substance into the trachea over 5-10s.	inject	['filter', 'withdraw', 'inject', 'heat', 'mix']	operation	TEST-PQA-001088

Incubate at ____ for 45 seconds.	42°C	['37°C', '25°C', '60°C', '42°C', '50°C']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001089

Seed on a bacterial growth plate with the appropriate antibiotics (e.g., ampicillin solution with a final concentration of ____ mg/mL).	0.1	['0.1', '0.5', '0.05', '0.2', '1.0']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001090

Electroporate the cells at ____ kV, 250 capacitation. This should take 4 ms.	0.23	['0.50', '0.23', '0.15', '0.10', '1.00']	operation	TEST-PQA-001091

Prepare a stock solution of LPS at a concentration of ______ in 1× PBS, aliquot it, and store it at -20°C.	5mg/ml	['5mg/ml', '2.5mg/ml', '10mg/ml', '1mg/ml', '0.5mg/ml']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001092

Connect the key filter to the isoflurane bottle and fill the vaporizer with a sufficient amount of ______.	isoflurane	['MgCl₂', 'PBS', 'isoflurane', 'ethanol', 'LPS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001093

______ the surgical area with 70% ethanol before making the incision.	Disinfect	['Shake', 'Rinse', 'Heat', 'Disinfect', 'Dry']	operation	TEST-PQA-001094

Immediately after flushing, use a plastic pipette to transfer the bone marrow cylinder into 1 mL of fresh glutaraldehyde fixative solution for ____ min at room temperature.	60	['45', '120', '90', '30', '60']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001095

Use a 5mL syringe filled with ______ buffer with a 21 G needle to flush the bone marrow into a 15mL tube.	cacodylate	['Tris', 'HEPES', 'PBS', 'phosphate', 'cacodylate']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001096

Quickly place the slide on ______ until the agar solidifies (1-2 min).	ice	['a heat plate', 'a freezer', 'a shaker', 'a water bath', 'ice']	operation	TEST-PQA-001097

Prepare ____ mg/ml aqueous solutions of PAH and PSS polymers (5ml each).	5	['20', '2', '10', '15', '5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001098

Dissolve the animals using aqueous 2% NaOCl/____ M NaOH solution to obtain nematode eggs.	0.45	['0.25', '1.00', '0.50', '0.45', '0.75']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001099

Place a droplet (100ul) of water-suspended fixated nematodes onto the LbL-coated glass slides and wait ____ min for settling and attaching the animals to the LbL polyelectrolyte film.	30	['50', '20', '10', '40', '30']	operation	TEST-PQA-001100

Store the gastric specimens immediately at a temperature of ____.	-30°C	['10°C', '-30°C', '-20°C', '4°C', '0°C']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001101

Place the rubber plate (____) on the center of the base.	6×6 cm	['10×10 cm', '7×7 cm', '8×8 cm', '5×5 cm', '6×6 cm']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001102

Inject 2.0 mL of each solution horizontally into the submucosa from the specimen margins using a 2.5 mL syringe and 23-gauge needle, to ____ a submucosal elevation procedure.	perform	['analyze', 'adjust', 'perform', 'measure', 'record']	operation	TEST-PQA-001103

Add 0.5 mL of ______ solution into the cell-culture dish and incubate them at 37°C for 1 min.	trypsin-EDTA	['trypsin-EDTA', 'Lipofectamine 2000', 'Opti-MEM I', 'PBS', 'lysis buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001104

Incubate the dish at ______ for 1 day.	37°C	['20°C', '42°C', '4°C', '25°C', '37°C']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001105

Add 200uL of lysis buffer at 4°C . ______ the dish mildly so that the buffer is evenly distributed at the bottom of the dish.	Shake	['Shake', 'Freeze', 'Boil', 'Centrifuge', 'Stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-001106

Dissolve the previously fabricated Pt/DDA (1.6n m) nanoparticles in ____ of toluene in a 100 mL round neck flask at room temperature.	50mL	['10mL', '30mL', '40mL', '20mL', '50mL']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001107

Dissolve 68.0mg of PtCl4 in 10m L of toluene in a 20 mL rolled rim glass and add ____ of DDA subsequently.	1438.1 mg	['1438.1 mg', '1300.0 mg', '1200.0 mg', '1400.0 mg', '1000.0 mg']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001108

Sonicate both solutions made in steps 2.1.2 and 2.1.3 at room temperature for 1-2 min in the ultrasonic bath at an ultrasonic frequency of ____.	35k H z	['35k H z', '45k H z', '25k H z', '30k H z', '40k H z']	operation	TEST-PQA-001109

Place the culture bottle in the incubator at ____ °C for 1-2 hours.	37	['30', '40', '45', '25', '37']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001110

Add 5 mL of smooth muscle cell culture medium (SMCM) containing 10% FBS and 1% ____.	penicillin-streptomycin	['trypsin', 'sodium bicarbonate', 'glucose', 'penicillin-streptomycin', 'EDTA']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001111

____ the prepared PDMS gel onto a mold and cross-link at 70°C for 12 hours.	Pour	['Layer', 'Pour', 'Spread', 'Inject', 'Mix']	operation	TEST-PQA-001112

Innoculate 5mL of LB containing 100ug/mL Ampicillin and ____ ug/mL Amphotericin B with a single OP50 colony and incubate for 8-12hrs at 37°C in a bacterial shaker.	0.1	['0.5', '1.0', '0.2', '0.1', '0.05']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001113

Thoroughly re-suspend the pellet in ______ to a concentration of 100mg/mL, use a photo spectrometer to determine the number of bacteria per mL if necessary.	S-complete	['LB', 'TB', 'S-complete', 'sterile water', 'M9 buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001114

Remove supernatant and add 5mL of freshly prepared bleach/NaOH solution, incubate for up to 5 minutes at RT until the worms ______.	break open	['break open', 'disintegrate', 'settle', 'dissolve', 'aggregate']	operation	TEST-PQA-001115

Grow the plants vertically at 16h light and 8h dark and ____°C for nine days.	22	['18', '24', '22', '25', '20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001116

Grind 2g of root tissue into fine powder in liquid nitrogen and add 4mL of freshly prepared ____.	IP lysis buffer	['IP lysis buffer', 'TRI reagent', 'nuclease-free water', 'chloroform', 'washing buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001117

Incubate the beads with the supernatant at 4°C for ____.	2h	['2h', '1h', '4h', '3h', '5h']	operation	TEST-PQA-001118

Add 50 mL of 0.5 N M stock to 450 mL of phosphate buffered saline to prepare ____ mL of 50 mM EDTA solution.	500	['550', '700', '500', '450', '600']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001119

L-WRN media is supplemented with ____% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS).	20	['10', '25', '20', '30', '15']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001120

After replacing the EDTA solution with shake buffer, ____ the sausage manually in a vertical position for 2 minutes.	shake	['stir', 'vortex', 'incubate', 'shake', 'rotate']	operation	TEST-PQA-001121

Maintain the cultures at ____°C in a 5% CO₂ humidified atmosphere.	37	['45', '40', '25', '30', '37']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001122

Make 50mL of staining buffer by diluting 1/100 H-IFBS in ____.	PBS	['NaCl', 'MgCl₂', 'RPMI', 'H₂O', 'PBS']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001123

____ the cells by adding 1mL of PBS and centrifuging the cell suspension at 400× for 5 min at 10°C.	Wash	['Freeze', 'Shake', 'Boil', 'Wash', 'Stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-001124

Lodge the petri dish in a ____°C oven for 15 min, i.e., until the paraffin melts.	60-70	['80-90', '60-70', '70-80', '50-60', '40-50']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001125

Transfer the retrieved tissue free of paraffin into a scintillation vial filled with 4 mL of ____.	100% toluene	['100% ethanol', '70% ethanol', 'sterile water', '100% toluene', '50% ethanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001126

Set the cutting thickness of the UCM at ____ nm and trim the resin block until 75% full-faced.	500	['500', '600', '400', '700', '300']	operation	TEST-PQA-001127

Digest the mammary glands in DMEM/F-12 with collagenase III, hyaluronidase, FBS, insulin, EGF, cholera toxin, and hydrocortisone for about ____ hour(s) at 37°C, 5% CO2.	1	['1.5', '2', '0.5', '3', '1']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001128

Digest the organoid suspension with ____% trypsin-EDTA for 2 minutes.	0.25	['0.25', '0.50', '1.50', '1.00', '0.10']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001129

Filter the digested suspension through a ____-um cell strainer to obtain a single-cell suspension.	40	['50', '60', '20', '40', '30']	operation	TEST-PQA-001130

Add Rat Serum (1% final concentration) to block the Fc receptors, and a cocktail of lineage-specific antibodies, each at a final concentration of ____ mg/ml.	0.005	['0.005', '0.100', '0.010', '0.050', '0.001']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001131

Bring each sample to a 70ml total volume with ____, and place the tube in The Big Easy magnet for 10 minutes.	Easysep buffer	['Rat Serum', 'Easysep buffer', 'Lineage-specific antibodies', 'Staining buffer', 'RapidSpheres']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001132

Mix and incubate for 30 min on ____.	ice	['a heating block', 'ice', 'room temperature', 'a water bath', 'a shaker']	operation	TEST-PQA-001133

Store lipids in a glass container in chloroform at ____ until required for use.	-20°C	['-80°C', '4°C', '25°C', '0°C', '-20°C']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001134

Resuspend the PI in ____ to give a 1 mg/ml solution and allow 30 minutes to resuspend with periodic vortexing and sonication.	assay buffer	['saline solution', 'assay buffer', 'Tris buffer', 'distilled water', 'phosphate buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001135

Pass the lipid solution slowly through the extruder ____ times until the solution becomes clear, indicating the formation of liposomes.	10	['5', '25', '15', '20', '10']	operation	TEST-PQA-001136

Prepare injection needles with borosilicate glass microcapillaries. Put a microcapillary into a micropipette puller device with the following settings: air pressure, 500; heat, 650; pull, 100; velocity, 200; time, ____.	40	['50', '70', '60', '40', '30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001137

Culture the breast epithelial cell lines, MCF10A (M1) and MCF10A-Ras (M2), at 37°C in DMEM/F12 media containing L-glutamine with 5% horse serum, 20n g/m L epidermal growth factor, 10mg/mL insulin, 100n g/m L cholera enterotoxin, 0.5mg/mL hydrocortisone, and 1:100 ______.	penstrep	['streptomycin', 'ampicillin', 'gentamicin', 'penicillin', 'penstrep']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001138

Dechorionate the embryos with fine tweezers at ____ hpf.	48	['48', '72', '24', '60', '36']	operation	TEST-PQA-001139

Label Plasmid DNA with DNA Label ltop^emptyset Tracker (Mirus, Madison, WI) the day before transfection using ______ FITC/1 μg DNA according to the manufacturer’s protocol.	0.5~ul	['0.5~ul', '2.0~ul', '1.0~ul', '5.0~ul', '0.1~ul']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001140

Conjugate Anti-HIV-1 p24 monoclonal antibody (71-31) with ______, according to the manufacturer’s protocol.	Mix-n-Stain CF647 dye	['Tween', 'BSA', 'PBS', 'Mix-n-Stain CF647 dye', 'FITC']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001141

Fix cells in 4% PFA for ______ at room temperature.	15 min	['30 min', '15 min', '60 min', '10 min', '5 min']	operation	TEST-PQA-001142

Fill the reference electrodes with 200 ul of a 3M solution of NaCl, C H_3C O_2K (potassium acetate) or KCl with ____% agarose.	2	['2', '4', '1', '3', '5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001143

For calibration, dissolve KCl powder in deionized water to a concentration of 10, 1, and ____ mM in serial dilutions.	0.1	['0.1', '0.5', '100', '0.01', '5']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001144

Start the low frequency (0.3 Hz) excursion of the microelectrode between the close position and a position away from the sample using the dedicated software. Ensure that the movement of the microelectrode is ____ to the surface of the sample.	perpendicular	['circular', 'parallel', 'diagonal', 'random', 'perpendicular']	operation	TEST-PQA-001145

Plate LB agar medium with 100 μg/ml Ampicillin (for MinD) or with ____ μg/ml Kanamycin (for MinE).	25	['25', '100', '10', '50', '75']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001146

Add 100μl of ____ into a 0.6ml tube and pour 2μl of the reaction mixture to the lipid oil.	lipid oil	['mineral oil', 'BSA', 'lipid oil', 'ATP', 'RE buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001147

Observe self-organization of Min proteins inside the droplets by ____ microscope.	fluorescent	['confocal', 'electron', 'optical', 'fluorescent', 'phase-contrast']	operation	TEST-PQA-001148

Culture 293T cells in DMEM + 10% NCS, in 5% CO2 incubator at ____°C.	37	['30', '40', '37', '42', '25']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001149

The reaction buffer contains 6.6 mM of ______.	NADH	['NADPH', 'NAD+', 'FADH2', 'ATP', 'NADH']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001150

Incubate supernatant with 10 µl Flag-beads for 3 hours at 4°C by ______ slowly.	rotation	['heating', 'rotation', 'vortexing', 'stirring', 'shaking']	operation	TEST-PQA-001151

Place at least 100 pupae or newly merged adult G. mellonella butterflies in a ____-liter wire-mesh cage.	5	['6', '5', '7', '3', '4']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001152

Prepare Bacillus bacterial suspensions in ____ broth medium (LB, 10/l tryptone, 5/l yeast extract, 10/1 NaCl) at 37°C under agitation.	Luria-Bertani	['Sabouraud', 'Nutrient', 'Luria-Bertani', 'Tryptic Soy', 'MacConkey']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001153

Place the insect manually between the thumb and forefinger. Then insert the needle fixed in the injector in the larva ____ (cuticle).	skin	['mouth', 'skin', 'leg', 'thorax', 'abdomen']	operation	TEST-PQA-001154

Incubate the samples in a heat block set to ____ for 30m.	30°C	['42°C', '25°C', '30°C', '37°C', '50°C']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001155

Pipette 2u of purified, recombinant ____ enzyme to designated 1.5ml tubes.	HYPE	['Phosphatase', 'Kinase', 'ATPase', 'HYPE', 'Protease']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001156

____ centrifuge samples for 5s at 2,000× g.	Snap	['Slowly', 'Gently', 'Carefully', 'Rapidly', 'Snap']	operation	TEST-PQA-001157

Use input RNA samples normalized to a concentration of ____ ng/μl RNA.	1	['5', '1', '10', '2', '0.5']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001158

Thaw frozen ______ components on ice.	qPCR kit	['mastermix', 'qPCR kit', 'enzyme', 'RNA sample', 'buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001159

Mix and ______ briefly.	centrifuge	['stir', 'shake', 'centrifuge', 'vortex', 'heat']	operation	TEST-PQA-001160

Prepare 24-well Nematode Growth Medium (NGM) plates containing 25-50 u/ml carbenicillin and ______ IPTG.	1mM	['10mM', '0.5mM', '2mM', '5mM', '1mM']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001161

Streak bacteria from selected feeding library clones on labeled LB- ______ plates.	carbenicillin/ tetracycline	['gentamicin/ neomycin', 'penicillin/ streptomycin', 'chloramphenicol/ erythromycin', 'carbenicillin/ tetracycline', 'ampicillin/ kanamycin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001162

______ the tube for about 10 seconds to release embryos from the nematode wash.	Vortex	['Shake', 'Centrifuge', 'Vortex', 'Boil', 'Stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-001163

Two parallel samples of 850µl of maltase buffer and 50µl (3.6µg) of maltase protein are pre-incubated in 1.5ml microtubes for 5 minutes on a thermoblock adjusted to ____°C.	37	['40', '45', '30', '25', '37']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001164

Reaction is initiated by adding 100µl of 500mM ____ stock solution to the pre-heated mixture of the buffer and maltase protein.	sucrose	['sucrose', 'fructose', 'maltose', 'glucose', 'lactose']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001165

800µl of Glucose liquicolor reagent is added to each stopped sample and thoroughly ____ by hand.	shaken	['heated', 'stirred', 'filtered', 'shaken', 'centrifuged']	operation	TEST-PQA-001166

Adjust conidiospore suspension to a concentration of ______ spores/ml.	2.5×10^4	['5.0×10^4', '2.5×10^4', '1.0×10^3', '5.0×10^3', '1.0×10^4']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001167

Add ______ to the ground leaf material.	IP extraction buffer	['PBS buffer', 'Tris buffer', 'Lysis buffer', 'Wash buffer', 'IP extraction buffer']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001168

______ the leaf debris at 3,200×g for 15 min.	Spin down	['Vortex', 'Resuspend', 'Filter', 'Spin down', 'Incubate']	operation	TEST-PQA-001169

Spin the cells at ____× g for 5 min.	800	['500', '700', '600', '800', '900']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001170

Resuspend the cell pellets in 10mL of culture media (RPMI 1460 containing 10% FBS, 100U/mL of penicillin/streptomycin, 2 mM l-glutamine, and 50mM ____).	β-mercaptoethanol	['magnesium sulfate', 'β-mercaptoethanol', 'potassium chloride', 'calcium chloride', 'sodium chloride']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001171

Use cell lifters to softly ____ DCs from the Petri dishes.	scrape	['cut', 'scrape', 'freeze', 'pour', 'shake']	operation	TEST-PQA-001172

Vortex the tube for ____ seconds at maximum potency.	10	['10', '5', '20', '15', '30']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001173

Dilute the primary antibody (a-Flag-M2 in this example) at a final concentration of 2-5mg/ml in 0.02% ____-PBS.	Tween 20	['SDS', 'Tween 20', 'BSA', 'NP-40', 'Triton X-100']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001174

Manually ____ heads with a pestle for 2 min (work on ice).	squeeze	['squeeze', 'mix', 'grind', 'blend', 'crush']	operation	TEST-PQA-001175

Prepare 200 µL of vaccine for each injection, containing 3.3 nmol antigen solution, 20 µL of MPLA solution (1 mg MPLA/mL DMSO), and ____ µL PBS.	172.4	['200.0', '172.4', '180.0', '190.0', '150.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001176

Obtain two sterile petri dishes and fill them each with a 10mL solution of RPMI 1640 culture medium, 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 10m M HEPES, 50uM mercaptoethanol, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 mu g/m L penicillin G, and ____.	1% penicillin-streptomycin	['0.5% penicillin-streptomycin', '1% penicillin-streptomycin', '2% penicillin-streptomycin', '5% penicillin-streptomycin', '10% penicillin-streptomycin']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001177

____ Dynabeads Cleanup mix and add 200 µL of the mix to each sample.	Vortex	['Shake', 'Boil', 'Stir', 'Freeze', 'Vortex']	operation	TEST-PQA-001178

Store F. culmorum mycelia at -70°C in ____% (v/v) glycerol.	10	['5', '25', '20', '10', '15']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001179

Inoculate 3-4 PDA-agar plugs in 100 ml conical flask containing 25 ml ____ broth media.	Mung bean	['Luria-Bertani', 'Potato dextrose', 'Nutrient', 'Soybean', 'Mung bean']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001180

____ the conidial suspension through two layers of sterile cheese cloth and wash three times with sterile distilled water.	Pass	['Centrifuge', 'Pass', 'Heat', 'Filter', 'Stir']	operation	TEST-PQA-001181

To release the replication block, add 100n gmGamma-1 of the gratuitous inducer anhydrotetracycline (AT) to a ____ sample of the blocked cells.	10ml	['20ml', '10ml', '5ml', '15ml', '25ml']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001182

Add sodium azide (final concentration of 0.1%) to the 7.5ml culture samples from steps 1.1.3 and 1.2.1. Incubate on ice for at least ____.	5 min	['5 min', '15 min', '2 min', '20 min', '10 min']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001183

Prepare an agarose pad by pipetting 500ul of molten agarose (1% in water) onto a microscope slide; overlay the coverslip immediately before the agarose ____.	solidifies	['solidifies', 'melts', 'cools', 'boils', 'evaporates']	operation	TEST-PQA-001184

To prepare the fixing solution, add 20uL of 37% formaldehyde to 180uL of HL3 to obtain a ____% formaldehyde solution.	3.7	['2.5', '5.0', '4.0', '3.7', '3.0']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001185

All dissections will be conducted in ____ to ensure that the tissue remains alive and healthy during the procedure.	HL3 solution	['formaldehyde', 'water', 'PBS', 'TritonX-100', 'HL3 solution']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001186

For good dissections, place the forceps on the side of your thumb and bring the index finger straight down such that the tip of the finger rests on top. Now, ____ the side of the forceps on the side of your middle finger.	rest	['rest', 'press', 'move', 'slide', 'hold']	operation	TEST-PQA-001187

For 200mL of vehicle solution, weigh 1 g of HPMC and dissolve in ____ mL of hot ultrapure water.	64	['75', '64', '100', '50', '120']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001188

Add 120mL of ice-cold ultrapure water and stir for 1 h. Add 1 mL of ______.	benzyl alcohol	['DMSO', 'HPMC', 'benzyl alcohol', 'Tween 80', 'ethanol']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001189

Then add 0.8 mL of Tween 80 using the reverse pipetting technique and keep ______ until the solution becomes transparent.	stirring	['boiling', 'freezing', 'vortexing', 'stirring', 'shaking']	operation	TEST-PQA-001190

Under a microscope, use a sharp blade to carefully create an opening at the tip of the microneedle. The resulting opening should have an elliptical shape with a major and minor axis diameter of approximately ____ and 70um, respectively.	190um	['200um', '150um', '190um', '100um', '250um']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001191

Prepare a solution of 0.02 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH, MW 39.997 g/mol) in 10× ____ buffer (MW 121.14/mol).	Tris	['Citrate', 'Acetate', 'Phosphate', 'Tris', 'HEPES']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001192

Person 2: With the loaded microneedle, gently ____ the cornea so that the tip of the microneedle enters the anterior chamber.	puncture	['slice', 'cut', 'scrape', 'puncture', 'press']	operation	TEST-PQA-001193

Switch on the instrument at least ____ min before starting the measurements.	30	['35', '30', '15', '25', '20']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001194

Fill 1 mL of the undiluted particle standard into a ____ cuvette, and close with the lid.	polystyrene	['plastic', 'quartz', 'glass', 'polycarbonate', 'polystyrene']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001195

Remove air bubbles by ____ the cuvette lightly.	tapping	['shaking', 'stirring', 'heating', 'tapping', 'freezing']	operation	TEST-PQA-001196

Generate sgRNA complex by mixing 20μL of each crRNA (100pmol) with 20μL of ______ (100 pmol) at a molarity ratio of 1:1 in a PCR tube.	tracrRNA	['NotI', 'MgCl₂', 'tracrRNA', 'H₂O', 'Cas9D10A']	reagent	TEST-PQA-001197

Incubate the mixture at ______°C for 5min and ramp down at a rate of 1°C/s to room temperature in the thermocycler.	95	['85', '105', '100', '90', '95']	parameter	TEST-PQA-001198

Generate RNP complexes by mixing 2μL of sgRNA (100pmol) with 0.75μL of Cas9D10A nickase (50 pmol) at a molarity ratio of 2:1 in a PCR tube and ______ the mixture at 25°C for 10 min in the thermocycler.	incubate	['stir', 'boil', 'incubate', 'shake', 'freeze']	operation	TEST-PQA-001199