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Write a question about the passage.
In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their,...
Passage: During the 1950s more dangerous criminal elements took advantage of Galveston's lax law enforcement and the absence of the Maceo brothers' influence. Non-vice crime increased in the city. The New Orleans crime syndicate, headed by Carlos Marcello, ran guns to Cuba through the island. Fugitives such as suspecte...
What is the full name of the person that was responsible for an undercover operation by Texas Ranger Clint Peoples at the Balinese Room?
Question Generation
Write a single correct answer to the given question based on the information present in the associated passage.
Based on the information present in the given passage, you need to write a correct answer to the given question. A correct answer is one that correctly and completely answers the question.
Paragraph- Sent 1: The world can be divided into three climate zones.Sent 2: The first climate zone is the polar zone.Sent 3: As it sounds, the polar zone is near earths poles.Sent 4: The polar zone has very long and cold winters.Sent 5: Brrr!!!!Sent 6: Near the equator is the tropical zone.Sent 7: The tropical zone is...
Mild temperatures.
Closed Question Answering
Write a single correct answer to the given question based on the information present in the associated passage.
Based on the information present in the given passage, you need to write a correct answer to the given question. A correct answer is one that correctly and completely answers the question.
Paragraph- Sent 1: The world can be divided into three climate zones.Sent 2: The first climate zone is the polar zone.Sent 3: As it sounds, the polar zone is near earths poles.Sent 4: The polar zone has very long and cold winters.Sent 5: Brrr!!!!Sent 6: Near the equator is the tropical zone.Sent 7: The tropical zone is...
Being mild.
Closed Question Answering
Write an answer to the given question, such that the answer matches the "anwer type" in the input.
This task involves creating answers to complex questions, from a given passage. Answering these questions, typically involve understanding multiple sentences. Make sure that your answer has the same type as the "answer type" mentioned in input. The provided "answer type" can be of any of the following types: "span", "d...
Passage: Looking to snap a two-game losing streak, Washington traveled home two days before the 2012 Presidential Election to take on the Carolina Panthers in a game that was dubbed a homecoming game for them, with past superstars being honored and wearing throwback jerseys from their 1937 season. The Redskins got on t...
82.
Closed Question Answering
Craft one question such that it requires commonsense to be answered.
Based on the given context, craft a common-sense question, especially those that are LONG, INTERESTING, and COMPLEX. The goal is to write questions that are easy for humans and hard for AI machines! To create such questions, here are some suggestions: A. What may (or may not) be the plausible reason for an event? B. Wh...
Context: The deal was that if I had nt heard anything last week , to assume that my blood tests and x - ray all came back negative , and that I had passed . I have nt heard anything , so it seems I have successfully cleared that hurdle , and am medically fit to marry an American . 2 .
Why would the narrator need to do so many medical tests ?
Question Generation
Craft one question such that it requires commonsense to be answered.
Based on the given context, craft a common-sense question, especially those that are LONG, INTERESTING, and COMPLEX. The goal is to write questions that are easy for humans and hard for AI machines! To create such questions, here are some suggestions: A. What may (or may not) be the plausible reason for an event? B. Wh...
Context: hi . my sister works in kiplins bakery and during her interview the employer said 2 her that ' they keep an eye on ppl ' but they do nt , she has witness employees not washing their hands b4 and after leaving the bakery and seen workers pecking their noses and then touching the cakes . this has been happening ...
What may be a fact about the person speaking ?
Question Generation
Write a related fact to a given fact, based on the provided topic word.
Write a fact related to the given fact, based on the given topic word. Note that, your fact should have at least one word in common with the given fact. All facts in this task refer to science facts. Your related fact must form a chain with the given fact. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce a third ...
Fact: chemical splashing can cause harm to humans. Topic: chemical splashing result.
Chemical splash goggles are advised.
Minimal Text Modification
Write a fill in the blank question based on the provided context word
You are asked to create a question containing a blank (_), based on the given context word. Your question must contain two related but different objects; for example "trophy" and "suitcase". The expected answer to your question must be one of the objects present in the sentence.
Context Word: t shirts.
Because Jason was a poor college student, he wore t shirts rather than button downs because the _ are more affordable.
Question Generation
Craft one incorrect answer to the question given in input.
Craft one incorrect answer. In doing so, try to use words from the context as much as possible, or by using similar words used in the correct answer.
Context: There was a bazaar at NIE and the usual game store aunty came to set up her stall again She sells a variety of board games ( i.e. twister , scrabble , monopoly , intelligent games etc ) at a low price . There was this item that caught our eyes . Our mean REENA , CAILING & I. Question: What may happen after th...
No one will buy any of her games .
Incorrect Answer Generation
Create a pair of fill in the blanks questions based on the context word.
In this task, based on the given context word, you are asked to create a pair of sentences each containing a blank (_). The sentence pair should look similar, and should be about two different persons (PersonX and PersonY). Additionally, the two sentences must be different in terms of trigger words (e.g., "sympathetic"...
Context Word: overcoat.
Sentence 1: PersonX remembered to bring their overcoat on the cloudy day but PersonY forgot theirs. _ arrived at work with their clothes perfectly dry. Sentence 2: PersonX remembered to bring their overcoat on the cloudy day but PersonY forgot theirs. _ arrived at work with their clothes soaking wet.
Minimal Text Modification
Craft one correct answer to the question given in input.
Craft one correct answer to the question given in input. To make it more interesting, try to use non-stereotypical language if possible. Make sure your correct answer is reasonably long, consistent with the context, and requires common sense (instead of explicit extraction from the context.)
Context: About two days after I wrote my last post , I got over it . I guess that mean by Tuesday I was over it . It might have been because on Tuesday I talked to him and he said he could come over on Wednesday . Question: What may happen after your last post ?
I would become alright with the situation .
Closed Question Answering
Craft one question such that it requires commonsense to be answered.
Based on the given context, craft a common-sense question, especially those that are LONG, INTERESTING, and COMPLEX. The goal is to write questions that are easy for humans and hard for AI machines! To create such questions, here are some suggestions: A. What may (or may not) be the plausible reason for an event? B. Wh...
Context: Classy ! I believe wondering when your good deed is going to pay off is pretty much the opposite of doing a good deed . Anyway , despite that ridiculous thought , there have been plenty of times that some complete stranger did something nice for me -- many more times than I ' ve done the same in return . After...
What may be the reason that a stranger helped me ?
Question Generation
Write an incorrect answer to the given question based on the information present in the passage.
In this task, you need to write an incorrect answer to the given question. Along with the question, you are also given the correct answer(s) and the associated paragraph. An incorrect answer should be closely related to the content of the paragraph and/or the question but will not truthfully answer the question. Your i...
Paragraph- Sent 1: The earliest signs of people on Jamaica are the remains of the Arawak, an AmerIndian society that originated on the north coast of South America.Sent 2: Arawak peoples migrated to various Caribbean islands, arriving in Jamaica by the beginning of the eighth century.Sent 3: They were peaceful and live...
Settlement.
Incorrect Answer Generation
Do you think the given question involves temporal reasoning of the type indicated by the provided category?
We define five categories of temporal reasoning. First: "event duration" which is defined as the understanding of how long events last. For example, "brushing teeth", usually takes few minutes. Second: "transient v. stationary" events. This category is based on the understanding of whether an event will change over tim...
Sentence: Jaanu , who has been following Nandini , beats up Preetam thinking that he is in love with Nandini . Question: How long was Jaanu following Nandini? Category: Event Duration.
Yes.
Classification
Craft one question such that it requires commonsense to be answered.
Based on the given context, craft a common-sense question, especially those that are LONG, INTERESTING, and COMPLEX. The goal is to write questions that are easy for humans and hard for AI machines! To create such questions, here are some suggestions: A. What may (or may not) be the plausible reason for an event? B. Wh...
Context: So there 's this guy ... No , seriously . There 's this guy called Gordon who used to live here when we first moved up here . We became really good friends , he 's a great laugh . He taught me to dance and is still my preferred dancing partner .
What my be the plausible reason I prefer him as my dance partner .?
Question Generation
Craft one correct answer to the question given in input.
Craft one correct answer to the question given in input. To make it more interesting, try to use non-stereotypical language if possible. Make sure your correct answer is reasonably long, consistent with the context, and requires common sense (instead of explicit extraction from the context.)
Context: Just four days until we leave for Norway ! Because the Viking Queen is getting married next week , I had to spend a large chunk of my weekend in malls looking for something classy to wear . I enjoy shopping for clothes about as much as I enjoy menstrual cramps . Lucky for me , I got to experience both of these...
They had started their period before the wedding .
Closed Question Answering
Craft one correct answer to the question given in input.
Craft one correct answer to the question given in input. To make it more interesting, try to use non-stereotypical language if possible. Make sure your correct answer is reasonably long, consistent with the context, and requires common sense (instead of explicit extraction from the context.)
Context: Just four days until we leave for Norway ! Because the Viking Queen is getting married next week , I had to spend a large chunk of my weekend in malls looking for something classy to wear . I enjoy shopping for clothes about as much as I enjoy menstrual cramps . Lucky for me , I got to experience both of these...
They had to spend time shopping .
Closed Question Answering
Write a correct answer to the given question based on the associated fact.
Write a correct answer to the given question based on its associated fact. Make sure that your answer is contained in the associated fact.
Fact: Fungi reproduction can be helped by moving water, wind, or other organisms. Question: What is something that can help fungi reproduce?
Moving water.
Closed Question Answering
Answer the given question by generating a span from the provided story or the question.
You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You are also given a question about the story that requires unde...
Background Paragraph: About 10% of sedimentary rocks are limestones. The solubility of limestone in water and weak acid solutions leads to karst landscapes, in which water erodes the limestone over thousands to millions of years. Most cave systems are through limestone bedrock. Story: Craig is going on some trips this...
Monday.
Closed Question Answering
Write a related fact to a given fact, based on the provided topic word.
Write a fact related to the given fact, based on the given topic word. Note that, your fact should have at least one word in common with the given fact. All facts in this task refer to science facts. Your related fact must form a chain with the given fact. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce a third ...
Fact: Annelids are worms such as the familiar earthworm. Topic: earthworms soil.
Earthworms are invaluble for soil health.
Minimal Text Modification
Use your best judgment to generate the "type"(s) that best describe the question-answer pair.
Generate the type of the given question-answer pair. For example, the question-answer pair (Question: When was the Dormition church destroyed?, Answer: 1922) is of type "date". In your responses, use of the following types: (1) Humans: Any individual or group of humans, including fictional ones (e.g., a group or organ...
Question: Who joined Idol as a sponsor in season seven? (Answer: iTunes).
Organization.
Classification
Write a single correct answer to the given question based on the information present in the associated passage.
Based on the information present in the given passage, you need to write a correct answer to the given question. A correct answer is one that correctly and completely answers the question.
Paragraph- Sent 1: For much of the world, the Algarve is synonymous with Portugal, yet the Portuguese will tell you the exact opposite: the region has little in common with the rest of the country.Sent 2: The southern stretch of coast is more reminiscent of a North African landscape than a European one.Sent 3: It has n...
Algarve.
Closed Question Answering
Craft one incorrect answer to the question given in input.
Craft one incorrect answer. In doing so, try to use words from the context as much as possible, or by using similar words used in the correct answer.
Context: spend three hours at the beach , then pick up snacks and beer and hang out on the balcony till late-ish.wander down the main street , being accosted by maitre d ' types all the way , till we decide on the first restaurant . the food and atmosphere were good , nothing spectacular though . afterwards , beer and ...
They do n't get paid unless they get someone who has a " golden ticket " .
Incorrect Answer Generation
What is the type of the answer corresponding to the given question? Number, Date, or Span?
This task involves annotating the answer type to a given question that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning). Note that the questions require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. There are 3 possible answer types (i) spans, (ii) numbers and (iii) dates. If the answer ...
Passage: The Broncos' defense allowed the Jets' offense to advance past midfield only twice out of 12 opportunities, in a 23-0 win, as the Broncos snapped an 8-game losing streak — the team's longest since 1967. It was the Broncos' first shutout win since 2005 — also against the Jets. Offensively, the Bronc...
Number.
Classification
Craft one correct answer to the question given in input.
Craft one correct answer to the question given in input. To make it more interesting, try to use non-stereotypical language if possible. Make sure your correct answer is reasonably long, consistent with the context, and requires common sense (instead of explicit extraction from the context.)
Context: Maybe you talk about what you are thinking , or write about what you are thinking ... but you do n't stress about what you are thinking . it 's not stewing or brooding ... it 's just thinking . And for some reason , the thoughts are clearer , more positive , more decisive than they are at home . Question: Why...
You should n't stress while thinking because that makes things negative .
Closed Question Answering
Is this a good incorrect answer to the given question and the associated paragraph?
In this task, your goal is to judge an incorrect answer to a given a question based on an associated paragraph. An incorrect answer should not truthfully answer the given question. A good incorrect answer should be closely related to the content of the paragraph and/or the question, so that the readers are forced to re...
Paragraph- Sent 1: A stranger in town meets pretty young Susan Martinez De La Cruz and accompanies her to a barbecue , where wealthy Jason Carberry is saying a few words for the recently departed Robin Randall , a citizen who got shot . Sent 2: Jason objects to the stranger 's presence , being Susan 's guardian and pro...
Yes.
Classification
Write a correct answer to the given question based on the associated fact.
Write a correct answer to the given question based on its associated fact. Make sure that your answer is contained in the associated fact.
Fact: cell regeneration requires rest. Question: what requires rest?
cell regeneration.
Closed Question Answering
Can the above question be answered using only the information provided in the given sentence?
You are given a sentence and a question in the input. If information provided in the sentence is enough to answer the question, label "Yes", otherwise label "No".
Sentence: In the winter the snows falls on the ground. Question: What do the children and chipmunk do for 90 days?
No.
Classification
What is the type of the answer corresponding to the given question? Number, Date, or Span?
This task involves annotating the answer type to a given question that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning). Note that the questions require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. There are 3 possible answer types (i) spans, (ii) numbers and (iii) dates. If the answer ...
Passage: Exports: $131.1 billionExport goods: machinery and transport equipment, raw materials, fuel, chemicals Imports: $120.8 billionImport goods: machinery and transport equipment, raw materials and fuels, chemicals Current Account balance: $2.154 billion Export partners: Germany 32.4%, Slovakia 8.4%, Poland 5.8%, U...
Number.
Classification
Is this a good correct answer to the given question and the associated paragraph?
In this task, your goal is to judge a correct answer to a given a question based on an associated paragraph and decide if it is a good correct answer or not. A good correct answer is the one that correctly and completely answers the question. A bad correct answer addresses the question only partially or incorrectly. If...
Paragraph- Sent 1: Convicted murderer Seth Baxter awakens chained to a table beneath a pendulum blade . Sent 2: A videotape informs him that crushing his hands between the presses will release him ; he does so , but the blade still swings down and violently cuts him in half , while someone watches through a hole in the...
No.
Classification
List all the correct answers for the given question based on the provided paragraph.
You are given a paragraph, a question and some answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D", etc.) You need to list all the correct answer options with their associated letters (e.g. "A" can be a valid answer). Note that sometimes, more than one option can answer the question correctly and completely. In those ca...
Paragraph- Sent 1: On his return to Nuremberg in 1495, Durer opened his own workshop (being married was a requirement for this).Sent 2: Over the next five years his style increasingly integrated Italian influences into underlying Northern forms.Sent 3: Durer's father died in 1502, and his mother died in 1513.Sent 4: Hi...
A, B.
Closed Question Answering
List all the correct answers for the given question based on the provided paragraph.
You are given a paragraph, a question and some answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D", etc.) You need to list all the correct answer options with their associated letters (e.g. "A" can be a valid answer). Note that sometimes, more than one option can answer the question correctly and completely. In those ca...
Paragraph- Sent 1: Assisting Zionist causes Einstein was a figurehead leader in helping establish the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which opened in 1925, and was among its first Board of Governors.Sent 2: Earlier, in 1921, he was asked by the biochemist and president of the World Zionist Organization, Chaim Weizmann,...
F.
Closed Question Answering
Ask a question on "frequency" of events based on the provided sentence.
Provided the input sentence, you're expected to write a question that involves event “frequency", which refers to how often an event is likely to be repeated. For example, "taking showers" typically occurs ~5 times a week, "going to saturday market" usually happens every few weeks/months, etc.
Sentence: Tony and Ally like to play other games like hopscotch or jump rope but that day they joined the game of tag.
How often do Tony and Ally play hopscotch?
Question Generation
Craft one question such that it requires commonsense to be answered.
Based on the given context, craft a common-sense question, especially those that are LONG, INTERESTING, and COMPLEX. The goal is to write questions that are easy for humans and hard for AI machines! To create such questions, here are some suggestions: A. What may (or may not) be the plausible reason for an event? B. Wh...
Context: We had a really nice weekend . We did family dinner night and had a really cool pasta dish with sauce that was almost like a gravy . It was weird being involved in a political discussion where most of the adults in the room are planning on voting for McCain .
What political views do most of my friends probably have ?
Question Generation
Write a correct answer to the given question based on the associated fact.
Write a correct answer to the given question based on its associated fact. Make sure that your answer is contained in the associated fact.
Fact: Wind affects farm viability. Question: What affects farm viaility?
wind.
Closed Question Answering
Is this a good correct answer to the given question and the associated paragraph?
In this task, your goal is to judge a correct answer to a given a question based on an associated paragraph and decide if it is a good correct answer or not. A good correct answer is the one that correctly and completely answers the question. A bad correct answer addresses the question only partially or incorrectly. If...
Paragraph- Sent 1: The film begins with Brick Bardo ( Tim Thomerson , from ( ( Dollman hitchhiking to get to the town of Pahoota , where he tries to find a girl named Nurse Ginger ( Melissa Behr , who was shrunken to 11 inches in ( ( Bad Channels , to prove to her that she 's not alone . Sent 2: Meanwhile , the film cu...
Yes.
Classification
Write down the conclusion you can reach by combining the given Fact 1 and Fact 2.
Combine the given two facts to write a concluding fact. Note that, there should be some parts of the first and second fact which are not mentioned in this conclusion fact. Your combined fact should be the result of a chain between the two facts. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce a concluding fact. ...
Fact 1: a toaster converts electrical energy into heat energy for toasting. Fact 2: Toasting bread also makes it sweeter and crunchier.
a toaster converts electrical energy into heat energy to make bread sweeter and crunchier.
Minimal Text Modification
Write an answer to the given question, such that the answer matches the "anwer type" in the input.
This task involves creating answers to complex questions, from a given passage. Answering these questions, typically involve understanding multiple sentences. Make sure that your answer has the same type as the "answer type" mentioned in input. The provided "answer type" can be of any of the following types: "span", "d...
Passage: Trying to snap a three-game losing streak, the Chargers stayed at home for a Week 10 AFC West duel with the Oakland Raiders on Thursday night. San Diego struck first in the opening quarter with a 20-yard field goal from kicker Nick Novak, but the Raiders answered with running back Michael Bush getting a 2-yar...
2.
Closed Question Answering
Write down the conclusion you can reach by combining the given Fact 1 and Fact 2.
Combine the given two facts to write a concluding fact. Note that, there should be some parts of the first and second fact which are not mentioned in this conclusion fact. Your combined fact should be the result of a chain between the two facts. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce a concluding fact. ...
Fact 1: phase changes do not change mass. Fact 2: Melting is a phase change.
When something melts, it does not change mass.
Minimal Text Modification
Minimally change the given fill in the blank question so that its answer flips from PersonX to PersonY.
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e. the 'trigger word' by its antonym (e.g. changing from "sympathetic" to "stern").
Context Word: stimulation. Question: Excessive stimulation didn't bother PersonX as much as it bothered PersonY because _ didn't suffer from autism. Answer: PersonX
Excessive stimulation didn't bother PersonX as much as it bothered PersonY because _ suffered from autism.
Minimal Text Modification
Write a fill in the blank question based on the provided context word.
You need to create a question containing a blank (_), based on the given context word. Your question must contain two persons --PersonX and PersonY. The expected answer to your question must be PersonX.
Context Word: marriage.
PersonX didn't believe in the sanctity of marriage but PersonY thought it was important. _ went out and cheated on their partner.
Question Generation
What is the type of the answer corresponding to the given question? Number, Date, or Span?
This task involves annotating the answer type to a given question that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning). Note that the questions require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. There are 3 possible answer types (i) spans, (ii) numbers and (iii) dates. If the answer ...
Passage: Tampa Bay lost their fourth game out of the last five, falling to Houston by the score of 37-9. On the first play of the game, Matt Schaub completed a pass to Jacoby Jones, who proceeded to go for an 80-yard touchdown. In the second quarter, Arian Foster had a 78-yard touchdown reception from Schaub, and the T...
Number.
Classification
List all the correct answers for the given question based on the provided paragraph.
You are given a paragraph, a question and some answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D", etc.) You need to list all the correct answer options with their associated letters (e.g. "A" can be a valid answer). Note that sometimes, more than one option can answer the question correctly and completely. In those ca...
Paragraph- Sent 1: Surviving being shot and stabbed at the end of the previous film , the stepfather has been institutionalized in Puget Sound , Washington since , spending his time building model houses in the workshop .Sent 2: Assigned a new doctor named Joseph Danvers the stepfather begins confiding in him to gain h...
A, D, E.
Closed Question Answering
Write a question about the background paragraph and the story.
You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You need to come up with a question about the story that require...
Background Paragraph: Millions of people in the world jog for exercise. For the most part, jogging can be a healthy way to stay fit. However, problems can also develop for those who jog in the heat. Excessive sweating can lead to electrolyte loss that could be life-threatening. Early symptoms of electrolyte deficiency ...
Which team had fewer runners with excessive sweating?
Question Generation
Create a pair of fill in the blanks questions based on the context word.
In this task, based on the given context word, you are asked to create a pair of sentences each containing a blank (_). The sentence pair should look similar, and should be about two different persons (PersonX and PersonY). Additionally, the two sentences must be different in terms of trigger words (e.g., "sympathetic"...
Context Word: oversleep.
Sentence 1: It frustrated PersonX that PersonY would oversleep so often because _ was a morning person. Sentence 2: It frustrated PersonX that PersonY would oversleep so often but _ was not a morning person.
Minimal Text Modification
Write an answer to the given question, such that the answer matches the "anwer type" in the input.
This task involves creating answers to complex questions, from a given passage. Answering these questions, typically involve understanding multiple sentences. Make sure that your answer has the same type as the "answer type" mentioned in input. The provided "answer type" can be of any of the following types: "span", "d...
Passage: The heavy French losses at the Battle of Gaouz encouraged an increase in tribal activity across the south-east of Morocco, threatening the French presence at Boudenib. Poeymirau was forced to withdraw garrisons from outlying posts in the Tafilalt, including that at Tighmart, to concentrate his force and reduc...
2.
Information Extraction
Write a related fact to a given fact, based on the provided topic word.
Write a fact related to the given fact, based on the given topic word. Note that, your fact should have at least one word in common with the given fact. All facts in this task refer to science facts. Your related fact must form a chain with the given fact. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce a third ...
Fact: if an organism becomes too hot then that organism may die. Topic: die process.
Death, and the process of dying, is the final phase of life.
Minimal Text Modification
Create a pair of fill in the blanks questions based on the context word.
In this task, based on the given context word, you are asked to create a pair of sentences each containing a blank (_). The sentence pair should look similar, and should be about two different persons (PersonX and PersonY). Additionally, the two sentences must be different in terms of trigger words (e.g., "sympathetic"...
Context Word: end.
Sentence 1: At the end of the semester, PersonX took a vacation to the Bahamas while PersonY didn't, so _ had fun. Sentence 2: At the end of the semester, PersonX took a vacation to the Bahamas while PersonY didn't, so _ was bored.
Minimal Text Modification
Can the above question be answered using only the information provided in the given sentence?
You are given a sentence and a question in the input. If information provided in the sentence is enough to answer the question, label "Yes", otherwise label "No".
Sentence: Sammy thought to himself. Question: When Sammy wondered if he was going to tell his mom, he didn't and...?
No.
Classification
Is this a good correct answer to the given question and the associated paragraph?
In this task, your goal is to judge a correct answer to a given a question based on an associated paragraph and decide if it is a good correct answer or not. A good correct answer is the one that correctly and completely answers the question. A bad correct answer addresses the question only partially or incorrectly. If...
Paragraph- Sent 1: A stranger in town meets pretty young Susan Martinez De La Cruz and accompanies her to a barbecue , where wealthy Jason Carberry is saying a few words for the recently departed Robin Randall , a citizen who got shot . Sent 2: Jason objects to the stranger 's presence , being Susan 's guardian and pro...
No.
Classification
Minimally change the given fill in the blank question so that its answer flips from PersonX to PersonY.
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e. the 'trigger word' by its antonym (e.g. changing from "sympathetic" to "stern").
Context Word: writing. Question: PersonX spent the day writing a personal letter to PersonY, so _ was happy to hear they read it. Answer: PersonX
PersonX spent the day writing a personal letter to PersonY, so _ was happy to see they wrote it.
Minimal Text Modification
Provide a negative/wrong answer to question on event "frequency".
In this task we ask you to write an implausible answer to a question that involves event “frequency", which refers to how often an event is likely to be repeated. For example, "taking showers" typically occurs ~5 times a week, "going to saturday market" usually happens every few weeks/months, etc.
Sentence: In a 1945 interview, Camus rejected any ideological associations: "No, I am not an existentialist. Question: How many interviews did Camus do during his career?
two per second.
Incorrect Answer Generation
Write down the conclusion you can reach by combining the given Fact 1 and Fact 2.
Combine the given two facts to write a concluding fact. Note that, there should be some parts of the first and second fact which are not mentioned in this conclusion fact. Your combined fact should be the result of a chain between the two facts. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce a concluding fact. ...
Fact 1: having food has a positive impact on an organism 's health. Fact 2: Food provides energy and health.
food provides energy for an organism.
Minimal Text Modification
Answer the given question by generating a span from the provided story or the question.
You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You are also given a question about the story that requires unde...
Background Paragraph: Baker's yeast is the common name for the strains of yeast commonly used in baking bread and bakery products, serving as a leavening agent which causes the bread to rise (expand and become lighter and softer) by converting the fermentable sugars present in the dough into carbon dioxide and ethanol....
the beer experiment.
Information Extraction
Minimally change the given fill in the blank question so that its answer flips from PersonX to PersonY.
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e. the 'trigger word' by its antonym (e.g. changing from "sympathetic" to "stern").
Context Word: English. Question: English is the language that PersonX speaks but not PersonY because _ grew up in Australia. Answer: PersonX
English is the language that PersonX speaks but not PersonY because _ grew up in Spain.
Minimal Text Modification
Write down the conclusion you can reach by combining the given Fact 1 and Fact 2.
Combine the given two facts to write a concluding fact. Note that, there should be some parts of the first and second fact which are not mentioned in this conclusion fact. Your combined fact should be the result of a chain between the two facts. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce a concluding fact. ...
Fact 1: Placental mammals are therian mammals in which a placenta develops during pregnancy. Fact 2: For horses, it is preferable to submit the entire placenta.
horses are therian mammals.
Minimal Text Modification
Type a question based on the input passage.
This task involves creating questions from a given passage that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning). The generated questions must require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. Try to use a variety of reasoning types in your questions (some of sample reasoning types ...
Passage: Coming off their home loss to the Jets, the Bucs flew to Qwest Field for a week 15 duel against the Seattle Seahawks. After a scoreless first quarter, Seattle got on the board first with QB Matt Hasselbeck's 29-yard pass to tight end John Carlson. The Bucs got on the board with Connor Barth's 28-yard field ...
How many yards difference was there between Josh Freeman's field goal and touchdown pass?
Question Generation
Write an answer to the given question, such that the answer matches the "anwer type" in the input.
This task involves creating answers to complex questions, from a given passage. Answering these questions, typically involve understanding multiple sentences. Make sure that your answer has the same type as the "answer type" mentioned in input. The provided "answer type" can be of any of the following types: "span", "d...
Passage: Around 50,000 of the former czar's army troops were stationed in Finland in January 1918. The soldiers were demoralised and war-weary, and the former serfs were thirsty for farmland set free by the revolutions. The majority of the troops returned to Russia by the end of March 1918. In total, 7,000 to 10,000 Re...
2.
Closed Question Answering
What is the type of the answer corresponding to the given question? Number, Date, or Span?
This task involves annotating the answer type to a given question that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning). Note that the questions require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. There are 3 possible answer types (i) spans, (ii) numbers and (iii) dates. If the answer ...
Passage: The Chargers began their season at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum for a Week 1 AFL Legacy duel with their AFC West rival, the Oakland Raiders, in the second game of an MNF doubleheader. In the first quarter, San Diego trailed early as Raiders running back Michael Bush got a 4-yard touchdown run. The Charger...
Number.
Classification
Write a fill in the blank question based on the provided context word.
You need to create a question containing a blank (_), based on the given context word. Your question must contain two persons --PersonX and PersonY. The expected answer to your question must be PersonX.
Context Word: being green.
PersonX used a reusable water bottle while PersonY bought plastic disposable ones. _ felt being green was important.
Question Generation
Write an answer to the given question, such that the answer matches the "anwer type" in the input.
This task involves creating answers to complex questions, from a given passage. Answering these questions, typically involve understanding multiple sentences. Make sure that your answer has the same type as the "answer type" mentioned in input. The provided "answer type" can be of any of the following types: "span", "d...
Passage: The Raiders started well in Tennessee, taking a 13-6 lead at halftime over the Titans on a touchdown pass from Carr to Crabtree. The Raiders jumped out early in the third quarter on touchdown pass to Roberts. However, the Titans rallied scoring 15 points on two Marcus Mariota touchdown passes. Oakland drove la...
19.
Closed Question Answering
Write a correct answer to the given question based on the associated fact.
Write a correct answer to the given question based on its associated fact. Make sure that your answer is contained in the associated fact.
Fact: pregnancy results from fertilization. Question: What does fertilization result in?
pregnancy.
Closed Question Answering
Write down the conclusion you can reach by combining the given Fact 1 and Fact 2.
Combine the given two facts to write a concluding fact. Note that, there should be some parts of the first and second fact which are not mentioned in this conclusion fact. Your combined fact should be the result of a chain between the two facts. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce a concluding fact. ...
Fact 1: heat can change the state of matter. Fact 2: Heat and temperature are the same thing.
temperature can change the state of matter.
Minimal Text Modification
Write a correct answer to the given question based on the associated fact.
Write a correct answer to the given question based on its associated fact. Make sure that your answer is contained in the associated fact.
Fact: Moose mating happens around autumn. Question: Moose what happens around autumn?
mating.
Closed Question Answering
Write a related fact to a given fact, based on the provided topic word.
Write a fact related to the given fact, based on the given topic word. Note that, your fact should have at least one word in common with the given fact. All facts in this task refer to science facts. Your related fact must form a chain with the given fact. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce a third ...
Fact: a generator converts kinetic energy into electrical energy. Topic: battery.
Electric energy is stored in batteries.
Minimal Text Modification
Answer the given question by generating a span from the provided story or the question.
You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You are also given a question about the story that requires unde...
Background Paragraph: Clouds on Earth are made of water vapor. Venus's clouds are a lot less pleasant. They are made of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and large amounts of corrosive sulfuric acid! The atmosphere of Venus is so thick that the pressure on the surface of Venus is very high. In fact, it is 90 times greater...
Ken.
Closed Question Answering
Write answer to the given "transient v. stationary" question.
In this task we ask you to write answer to a question that involves “transient v. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time or not. For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a t...
Sentence: In 27 percent of the cases, the charges were dismissed or the defendant was found not guilty. Question: Were defendants found guilty still found guilty two years later?
yes.
Closed Question Answering
Write answer to the given "transient v. stationary" question.
In this task we ask you to write answer to a question that involves “transient v. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time or not. For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a t...
Sentence: In 27 percent of the cases, the charges were dismissed or the defendant was found not guilty. Question: Were defendants found guilty still found guilty two years later?
yes the sentences were final.
Closed Question Answering
Write answer to the given "transient v. stationary" question.
In this task we ask you to write answer to a question that involves “transient v. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time or not. For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a t...
Sentence: In 27 percent of the cases, the charges were dismissed or the defendant was found not guilty. Question: Were defendants found guilty still found guilty two years later?
yes the sentence were final.
Closed Question Answering
Type a question based on the input passage.
This task involves creating questions from a given passage that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning). The generated questions must require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. Try to use a variety of reasoning types in your questions (some of sample reasoning types ...
Passage: Fidel Castro and his brother Raúl spent a year and a half in Mexico , after being amnestied from prison. Fidel briefly visited the United States during his tenure in exile to raise support for the Cuban revolution. Since the revolution and its subsequent imposition of a communist government, and among waves of...
How many years after Huber Matos resigned from his governmental position did the first true Cuban rafters flee from the communist country?
Question Generation
Use your best judgment to generate the "type"(s) that best describe the question-answer pair.
Generate the type of the given question-answer pair. For example, the question-answer pair (Question: When was the Dormition church destroyed?, Answer: 1922) is of type "date". In your responses, use of the following types: (1) Humans: Any individual or group of humans, including fictional ones (e.g., a group or organ...
Question: What did Beyoncé win in 2001, making her the first black woman to do so? (Answer: Pop Songwriter of the Year award).
Humans.
Classification
Write a fill in the blank question based on the provided context word
You are asked to create a question containing a blank (_), based on the given context word. Your question must contain two related but different objects; for example "trophy" and "suitcase". The expected answer to your question must be one of the objects present in the sentence.
Context Word: introvert.
Since the girl was an introvert she chose to play on the slide instead of the merry-go-round because the _ was deserted.
Question Generation
Write the sentences needed to answer the question.
Write the sentence numbers which are needed to answer the given question. Separate multiple sentence numbers with comma (", "). E.g. "1, 2" would be the correct response if Sent 1 and Sent 2 are needed to answer the given question.
Paragraph- Sent 1: Zinni feared that Bin Ladin would in the future locate himself in cities, where U.S. missiles could kill thousands of Afghans.Sent 2: He worried also lest Pakistani authorities not get adequate warning, think the missiles came from India, RESPONSES TO AL QAEDA'S INITIAL ASSAULTS 135 and do something ...
7, 8, 9.
Classification
Answer the given question on "absolute timepoint" of events.
In this task we ask you to write answer to a question that involves “absolute timepoint" of events, which is defined as understanding of when events usually happen. For example, "going to school" usually happens during the day (not at 2 A.M).
Sentence: At Christie's, a folio of 21 prints from Alfred Stieglitz's "Equivalents" series sold for $396,000, a single-lot record. Question: When did the prints sell?
1:00 PM.
Closed Question Answering
Answer the given question on "absolute timepoint" of events.
In this task we ask you to write answer to a question that involves “absolute timepoint" of events, which is defined as understanding of when events usually happen. For example, "going to school" usually happens during the day (not at 2 A.M).
Sentence: At Christie's, a folio of 21 prints from Alfred Stieglitz's "Equivalents" series sold for $396,000, a single-lot record. Question: When did the prints sell?
4:00 PM.
Closed Question Answering
Answer the given question on "absolute timepoint" of events.
In this task we ask you to write answer to a question that involves “absolute timepoint" of events, which is defined as understanding of when events usually happen. For example, "going to school" usually happens during the day (not at 2 A.M).
Sentence: At Christie's, a folio of 21 prints from Alfred Stieglitz's "Equivalents" series sold for $396,000, a single-lot record. Question: When did the prints sell?
12:00 PM.
Closed Question Answering
Answer the given question on "absolute timepoint" of events.
In this task we ask you to write answer to a question that involves “absolute timepoint" of events, which is defined as understanding of when events usually happen. For example, "going to school" usually happens during the day (not at 2 A.M).
Sentence: At Christie's, a folio of 21 prints from Alfred Stieglitz's "Equivalents" series sold for $396,000, a single-lot record. Question: When did the prints sell?
friday.
Closed Question Answering
Answer the given question on "absolute timepoint" of events.
In this task we ask you to write answer to a question that involves “absolute timepoint" of events, which is defined as understanding of when events usually happen. For example, "going to school" usually happens during the day (not at 2 A.M).
Sentence: At Christie's, a folio of 21 prints from Alfred Stieglitz's "Equivalents" series sold for $396,000, a single-lot record. Question: When did the prints sell?
sunday.
Closed Question Answering
Answer the given question on "absolute timepoint" of events.
In this task we ask you to write answer to a question that involves “absolute timepoint" of events, which is defined as understanding of when events usually happen. For example, "going to school" usually happens during the day (not at 2 A.M).
Sentence: At Christie's, a folio of 21 prints from Alfred Stieglitz's "Equivalents" series sold for $396,000, a single-lot record. Question: When did the prints sell?
tuesday.
Closed Question Answering
Craft one correct answer to the question given in input.
Craft one correct answer to the question given in input. To make it more interesting, try to use non-stereotypical language if possible. Make sure your correct answer is reasonably long, consistent with the context, and requires common sense (instead of explicit extraction from the context.)
Context: I just got back in to NYC after staying in Los Angeles for a week after Comic Con . Yes , I felt that nasty Earthquake . The con and especially the WRATH OF CON PARTY were a blast . I left the con inspired , so I decided to go on a little stealth mission all around L.A. and hit up my sources to see what I can ...
To attend a convention .
Closed Question Answering
Write an answer to the given question, such that the answer matches the "anwer type" in the input.
This task involves creating answers to complex questions, from a given passage. Answering these questions, typically involve understanding multiple sentences. Make sure that your answer has the same type as the "answer type" mentioned in input. The provided "answer type" can be of any of the following types: "span", "d...
Passage: Hoping to rebound from their tough loss to the Giants, the Redskins traveled to Heinz Field to take on the Pittsburgh Steelers, and attempted to improve to 1-1 against the AFC. The Steelers marched straight down the field on Washington's defense, culminating in a fourth-and-goal 1-yard touchdown pass to backup...
39.
Closed Question Answering
Create a pair of fill in the blanks questions based on the context word.
In this task, based on the given context word, you are asked to create a pair of sentences each containing a blank (_). The sentence pair should look similar, and should be about two different persons (PersonX and PersonY). Additionally, the two sentences must be different in terms of trigger words (e.g., "sympathetic"...
Context Word: aspiration.
Sentence 1: Goals were not important to PersonX , while PersonY 's were lofty, so _ lacked aspiration for greater things. Sentence 2: Goals were not important to PersonX , while PersonY 's were lofty, so _ possessed aspiration for greater things.
Minimal Text Modification
List all the correct answers for the given question based on the provided paragraph.
You are given a paragraph, a question and some answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D", etc.) You need to list all the correct answer options with their associated letters (e.g. "A" can be a valid answer). Note that sometimes, more than one option can answer the question correctly and completely. In those ca...
Paragraph- Sent 1: Her career started more than 20 years ago in a garage behind a Catholic Worker soup kitchen on skid row in Los Angeles.Sent 2: She lived on a $3-a-week stipend that she spent on pantyhose and bus fare.Sent 3: Her law practice grew to an organization that brought in millions of dollars of damages thro...
A.
Information Extraction
Create a pair of fill in the blanks question-answer pairs based on the context word.
In this task, based on the given context word, you are asked to create a pair of sentences each containing a blank (_) and their corresponding answer. The sentence pair should look similar, and should be about two related but different objects; for example "trophy" and "suitcase". Additionally, the two sentences must b...
Context Word: men.
Sentence 1: At the store, Ann got bras and Andrew got boxers because the _ are purchased more by women and less by men. Answer1: bras. Sentence 2: At the store, Ann got bras and Andrew got boxers because the _ are purchased less by women and more by men. Answer2: boxers.
Minimal Text Modification
Can the above question be answered using only the information provided in the given sentence?
You are given a sentence and a question in the input. If information provided in the sentence is enough to answer the question, label "Yes", otherwise label "No".
Sentence: Roger bought carrots and celery. Question: What did Tammy eat for supper?
No.
Classification
Write down the conclusion you can reach by combining the given Fact 1 and Fact 2.
Combine the given two facts to write a concluding fact. Note that, there should be some parts of the first and second fact which are not mentioned in this conclusion fact. Your combined fact should be the result of a chain between the two facts. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce a concluding fact. ...
Fact 1: pesticides can cause pollution. Fact 2: Pollution is the release of harmful substances into the environment.
Pesticides can cause the release of harmful substances into the environment.
Minimal Text Modification
Minimally change the given fill in the blank question so that its answer flips from PersonX to PersonY.
You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e. the 'trigger word' by its antonym (e.g. changing from "sympathetic" to "stern").
Context Word: field. Question: PersonX received the ball from PersonY so _ could take it down the field and score a goal. Answer: PersonX
PersonX kicked the ball to PersonY so _ could take it down the field and score a goal.
Minimal Text Modification
Craft one correct answer to the question given in input.
Craft one correct answer to the question given in input. To make it more interesting, try to use non-stereotypical language if possible. Make sure your correct answer is reasonably long, consistent with the context, and requires common sense (instead of explicit extraction from the context.)
Context: Said he waited and saw an elderly gentleman who was leaving and offered him a ride to his car in exchange for his parking spot . Quite resourceful that husband of mine . Anyhoo , I ' m all prepped , in my gown and hospital issued footies and I ' m off to the GI Lab ! They wheeled me right into the procedure ar...
I will undergo a medical procedure .
Closed Question Answering
Please indicate the correct answer: A, B, C, D or E? If the question is not answerable, generate 'E' which implies "I don't know; the information is not enough".
In this task, you need to answer basic science questions. For each question, several terms are intentionally masked with ***. This masking can cover very few or many of the question words. Clearly if masked terms are important, the modified question will be impossible to answer. Please indicate the correct answer with ...
Question: A student wants to look under a heavy rock. Which *** *** would be BEST to use to *** the rock? (A) Wheel and axle (B) Lever (C) Inclined plane (D) Scre.
B.
Closed Question Answering
Craft one question such that it requires commonsense to be answered.
Based on the given context, craft a common-sense question, especially those that are LONG, INTERESTING, and COMPLEX. The goal is to write questions that are easy for humans and hard for AI machines! To create such questions, here are some suggestions: A. What may (or may not) be the plausible reason for an event? B. Wh...
Context: If you have n't used it , much less seen it in a year ... 6 . It really pained me to part with yard tools even though I have n't used them once since we moved here . ( they were the nice fiberglass handled ones ) 5 . God has really blessed us during those 9 years .
What 's a possible reason the writer was pained to part with the yard tools ?
Question Generation
Write the sentences needed to answer the question.
Write the sentence numbers which are needed to answer the given question. Separate multiple sentence numbers with comma (", "). E.g. "1, 2" would be the correct response if Sent 1 and Sent 2 are needed to answer the given question.
Paragraph- Sent 1: Born on May 11, 1975, in Mazraa, Lebanon, Ziad Jarrah came from an affluent family and attended private, Christian schools.Sent 2: Like Atta, Binalshibh, and Shehhi, Jarrah aspired to pursue higher education in Germany.Sent 3: In April 1996, he and a cousin enrolled at a junior college in Greifswald,...
3, 7, 8.
Classification
Create a pair of fill in the blanks question-answer pairs based on the context word.
In this task, based on the given context word, you are asked to create a pair of sentences each containing a blank (_) and their corresponding answer. The sentence pair should look similar, and should be about two related but different objects; for example "trophy" and "suitcase". Additionally, the two sentences must b...
Context Word: textbook.
Sentence 1: The textbook Mary was reading had a complicated diagram but rather simple text, so she ignored the _ while learning the material. Answer1: diagram. Sentence 2: The textbook Mary was reading had a complicated diagram but rather simple text, so she focused on the _ to learn the material. Answer2: text.
Minimal Text Modification
Write a correct answer to the given question based on the associated fact.
Write a correct answer to the given question based on its associated fact. Make sure that your answer is contained in the associated fact.
Fact: Some surgical nitrile gloves can help to prevent harm to humans. Question: What can help prevent harm to humans?
surgical nitrile gloves.
Closed Question Answering
Craft one incorrect answer to the question given in input.
Craft one incorrect answer. In doing so, try to use words from the context as much as possible, or by using similar words used in the correct answer.
Context: Sorry I got upset but when dealing with so much shit , the smallest things can just get to me and I know its not right to take it out on you so I m sorry . Question: Why would the narrator feel they have to apologize ? Correct Answer: The narrator feels this behavior does not represent them well .
The narrator feels this behavior is something they seek to cultivate .
Incorrect Answer Generation
Craft one incorrect answer to the question given in input.
Craft one incorrect answer. In doing so, try to use words from the context as much as possible, or by using similar words used in the correct answer.
Context: She was young , struggling to pay her rent on the shabby place and keep herself fed ; cautious about her expenses . He longed to take her to the Stronghold ; he could n't unless her Power awoke . It had eleven times before ; seven of those times , it had killed her . The other four , she had been driven mad by...
He wanted to see her powers.
Incorrect Answer Generation
Write a related fact to a given fact, based on the provided topic word.
Write a fact related to the given fact, based on the given topic word. Note that, your fact should have at least one word in common with the given fact. All facts in this task refer to science facts. Your related fact must form a chain with the given fact. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce a third ...
Fact: Energy is passed up a food chain or web from lower to higher trophic levels. Topic: food chain.
Autotrophs are the base of the food chain .
Minimal Text Modification
Write a correct answer to the given question based on the associated fact.
Write a correct answer to the given question based on its associated fact. Make sure that your answer is contained in the associated fact.
Fact: the uterus is central to some species. Question: What is central to some species?
uterus.
Closed Question Answering
Answer the given question by generating a span from the provided story or the question.
You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You are also given a question about the story that requires unde...
Background Paragraph: Saturated hydrocarbons are given the general name of alkanes . The name of specific alkanes always ends in – ane . The first part of the name indicates how many carbon atoms each molecule of the alkane has. The smallest alkane is methane. It has just one carbon atom. The next largest is ethane wit...
Lamerane.
Information Extraction
Write a fill in the blank question based on the provided context word.
You need to create a question containing a blank (_), based on the given context word. Your question must contain two persons --PersonX and PersonY. The expected answer to your question must be PersonX.
Context Word: drinks.
Although PersonX was a better cook than PersonY, _ could not make decent cocktail drinks to save their life.
Question Generation
Answer the given question by generating a span from the provided story or the question.
You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You are also given a question about the story that requires unde...
Background Paragraph: Fish mortality is a parameter used in fisheries population dynamics to account for the loss of fish in a fish stock through death. The mortality can be divided into two types: Natural mortality: the removal of fish from the stock due to causes not associated with fishing. Such causes can include ...
Green lake.
Closed Question Answering