Instruction: CITROBACTOR FREUNDII.. CITROBACTOR FREUNDII. Does ciprofaxin work well? Is there a better drug if so what.

Response: Crigler-Najjar syndrome (Treatment): Light treatment (phototherapy) is needed throughout a person's life. In infants, this is done using bilirubin lights (bili or 'blue' lights). Phototherapy does not work as well after age 4, because thickened skin blocks the light. A liver transplant can be done in some people with type I disease. Blood transfusions may help control the amount of bilirubin in blood. Calcium compounds are sometimes used to remove bilirubin in the gut. The drug phenobarbitol is sometimes used to treat type II Crigler-Najjar syndrome. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: CITROBACTOR FREUNDII.. CITROBACTOR FREUNDII. Does ciprofaxin work well? Is there a better drug if so what.

Response: Pericarditis - after heart attack (Treatment): The goal of treatment is to make the heart work better and reduce pain and other symptoms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or aspirin may be used to treat inflammation of the pericardium. A drug called colchicine is often used with these medicines. Steroids are commonly used for Dressler syndrome. They are not often used for early pericarditis unless the condition does not respond to other treatment. In some cases, excess fluid surrounding the heart (pericardial effusion) may need to be removed. This is done with a procedure called pericardiocentesis. If complications develop, part of the pericardium may need to be removed with surgery (pericardiectomy). If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: general health. Hi I have a toddler 22 months and he was long exposure to car seat when he was infant and developed a flat head by then that was resolved, but since then he seems like his back is not well, he only sleep on his tummy, he hates to lay down on his back , he has a bad sitting position when on his car seat and other thing, I was wondering if he may need an evaluation to avoid further damage to his back, please let me know what kinf of doctor should I see, cause his pedi. doctor Does not has any concerns about it. Thanks.

Response: Etiology: Etiology describes the cause or causes of a disease. Updated by: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: general health. Hi I have a toddler 22 months and he was long exposure to car seat when he was infant and developed a flat head by then that was resolved, but since then he seems like his back is not well, he only sleep on his tummy, he hates to lay down on his back , he has a bad sitting position when on his car seat and other thing, I was wondering if he may need an evaluation to avoid further damage to his back, please let me know what kinf of doctor should I see, cause his pedi. doctor Does not has any concerns about it. Thanks.

Response: Nerve Damage (Diabetic Neuropathies) (What is proximal neuropathy?): Proximal neuropathy, sometimes called lumbosacral plexus neuropathy, femoral neuropathy, or diabetic amyotrophy, starts with pain in the thighs, hips, buttocks, or legs, usually on one side of the body. This type of neuropathy is more common in those with type 2 diabetes and in older adults with diabetes. Proximal neuropathy causes weakness in the legs and the inability to go from a sitting to a standing position without help. Treatment for weakness or pain is usually needed. The length of the recovery period varies, depending on the type of nerve damage. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Ear Ache. My son was treated for otitis media on . Pains started the previous night. He is taking amoxicillin and antipyrine-benzocaine 5.5%-1.5% ear drops. This morning he woke up with a bit of blood drainage. Is that normal?

Response: Otitis media with effusion (When to Contact a Medical Professional): Call your provider if: - You think you or your child might have OME. (You should continue to watch the condition until the fluid has disappeared.) - New symptoms develop during or after treatment for this disorder. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Ear Ache. My son was treated for otitis media on . Pains started the previous night. He is taking amoxicillin and antipyrine-benzocaine 5.5%-1.5% ear drops. This morning he woke up with a bit of blood drainage. Is that normal?

Response: Otitis media with effusion (Outlook (Prognosis)): OME most often goes away on its own over a few weeks or months. Treatment may speed up this process. Glue ear may not clear up as quickly as OME with a thinner fluid. OME is most often not life threatening. Most children do not have long-term damage to their hearing or speaking ability, even when the fluid remains for many months. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Ear Ache. My son was treated for otitis media on . Pains started the previous night. He is taking amoxicillin and antipyrine-benzocaine 5.5%-1.5% ear drops. This morning he woke up with a bit of blood drainage. Is that normal?

Response: What are the treatments for Otitis media with effusion?: Most health care providers will not treat OME at first, unless there are also signs of an infection. Instead, they will recheck the problem in 2 to 3 months. Some children who have had repeat ear infections may receive a small, daily dose of antibiotics to prevent new infections. You can make the following changes to help clear up the fluid behind the eardrum: - Avoid cigarette smoke - Encourage infants to breastfeed - Treat allergies by staying away from triggers (such as dust). Adults and older children may be given allergy medications. Most often the fluid will clear on its own. You doctor may suggest watching the condition for a while to see if it is getting worse before recommending treatment. If the fluid is still present after 6 weeks, the doctor may recommend: - Continuing to watch the problem - A hearing test - A single trial of antibiotics (if they were not given earlier) If the fluid is still present at 8 to 12 weeks, antibiotics may be tried. These medicines are not always helpful. At some point, the child's hearing should be tested. If there is significant hearing loss (more than 20 decibels), antibiotics or ear tubes might be needed. If the fluid is still present after 4 to 6 months, tubes are probably needed, even if there is no major hearing loss. Sometimes the adenoids must be taken out for the Eustachian tube to work properly. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: reaction to these 2 drugs. I would like to know if there are any drug reaction between Carvedilol 25 mg to Hydrslazine50 mg

Response: Drug allergies (Outlook (Prognosis)): Most drug allergies respond to treatment. But sometimes, they can lead to severe asthma, anaphylaxis, or death. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: reaction to these 2 drugs. I would like to know if there are any drug reaction between Carvedilol 25 mg to Hydrslazine50 mg

Response: Drug allergies (When to Contact a Medical Professional): Call your provider if you are taking a medicine and seem to be having a reaction to it. Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have difficulty breathing or develop other symptoms of severe asthma or anaphylaxis. These are emergency conditions. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: reaction to these 2 drugs. I would like to know if there are any drug reaction between Carvedilol 25 mg to Hydrslazine50 mg

Response: Transfusion reaction - hemolytic (Treatment): If symptoms occur during the transfusion, the transfusion must be stopped right away. Blood samples from the recipient (person getting the transfusion) and from the donor may be tested to tell whether symptoms are being caused by a transfusion reaction. Mild symptoms may be treated with: - Acetaminophen, a pain reliever to reduce fever and discomfort - Fluids given through a vein (intravenous) and other medicines to treat or prevent kidney failure and shock. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: mixing medications. Hello, I would like to know if taking Dicyclomine 20mg, phentermine can have a adverse effect?

Response: What other information should I know about Dicyclomine?: Keep all appointments with your doctor. Do not let anyone else take your medication. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription. It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: mixing medications. Hello, I would like to know if taking Dicyclomine 20mg, phentermine can have a adverse effect?

Response: Phentermine and Topiramate (What other information should I know?): Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor will order certain lab tests to check your body's response to phentermine and topiramate. Do not let anyone else take your medication. Giving or selling phentermine and topiramate to others may harm them and is against the law. Phentermine and topiramate is a controlled substance. Prescriptions may be refilled only a limited number of times; ask your pharmacist if you have any questions. It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: mixing medications. Hello, I would like to know if taking Dicyclomine 20mg, phentermine can have a adverse effect?

Response: Phentermine (What side effects can this medication cause?): Phentermine may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away: - dry mouth - unpleasant taste - diarrhea - constipation - vomiting Some side effects can be serious. If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately: - increased blood pressure - heart palpitations - restlessness - dizziness - tremor - insomnia - shortness of breath - chest pain - swelling of the legs and ankles - difficulty doing exercise that you have been able to do Phentermine may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems during your treatment with phentermine. If you experience a serious side effect, you or your doctor may send a report to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program online (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) or by phone (1-800-332-1088). If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Dementia. Is dementia genetically passed down or could anyone get it

Response: Dementia (Overview): Dementia isn't a specific disease. Instead, dementia describes a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking and social abilities severely enough to interfere with daily functioning. Though dementia generally involves memory loss, memory loss has different causes. So memory loss alone doesn't mean you have dementia. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of a progressive dementia in older adults, but there are a number of causes of dementia. Depending on the cause, some dementia symptoms can be reversed. Dementia care at Mayo Clinic. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Dementia. Is dementia genetically passed down or could anyone get it

Response: What are the genetic changes related to inclusion body myopathy with early-onset Paget disease and frontotemporal dementia?: Mutations in the VCP gene cause IBMPFD. The VCP gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called valosin-containing protein, which has a wide variety of functions within cells. One of its most critical jobs is to help break down (degrade) proteins that are abnormal or no longer needed. Mutations in the VCP gene alter the structure of valosin-containing protein, disrupting its ability to break down other proteins. As a result, excess and abnormal proteins may build up in muscle, bone, and brain cells. The proteins form clumps that interfere with the normal functions of these cells. It remains unclear how damage to muscle, bone, and brain cells leads to the specific features of IBMPFD. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Dementia. Is dementia genetically passed down or could anyone get it

Response: Dementia (Definition): Dementia is not a specific disease. It is a descriptive term for a collection of symptoms that can be caused by a number of disorders that affect the brain. People with dementia have significantly impaired intellectual functioning that interferes with normal activities and relationships. They also lose their ability to solve problems and maintain emotional control, and they may experience personality changes and behavioral problems, such as agitation, delusions, and hallucinations. While memory loss is a common symptom of dementia, memory loss by itself does not mean that a person has dementia. Doctors diagnose dementia only if two or more brain functions - such as memory and language skills -- are significantly impaired without loss of consciousness. Some of the diseases that can cause symptoms of dementia are Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington’s disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Doctors have identified other conditions that can cause dementia or dementia-like symptoms including reactions to medications, metabolic problems and endocrine abnormalities, nutritional deficiencies, infections, poisoning, brain tumors, anoxia or hypoxia (conditions in which the brain’s oxygen supply is either reduced or cut off entirely), and heart and lung problems. Although it is common in very elderly individuals, dementia is not a normal part of the aging process. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: sleep apnea. Is there a "sleep apnea surgery". I've heard that there is , but have never found a doctor that does this. My husband has been on C-pap for two years but has not been able to keep it on for more then 2 hours. He is not overweight, has had a stroke at 40 years old and double by-pass at 50 years old. Otherwise he follows doctors orders and has no other problems. Thank you for your time,

Response: Sleep Apnea (Treatment): There are a variety of treatments for sleep apnea, depending on an individual’s medical history and the severity of the disorder. Most treatment regimens begin with lifestyle changes, such as avoiding alcohol and medications that relax the central nervous system (for example, sedatives and muscle relaxants), losing weight, and quitting smoking. Some people are helped by special pillows or devices that keep them from sleeping on their backs, or oral appliances to keep the airway open during sleep. If these conservative methods are inadequate, doctors often recommend continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), in which a face mask is attached to a tube and a machine that blows pressurized air into the mask and through the airway to keep it open. Also available are machines that offer variable positive airway pressure (VPAP) and automatic positive airway pressure (APAP). There are also surgical procedures that can be used to remove tissue and widen the airway. Some individuals may need a combination of therapies to successfully treat their sleep apnea. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: sleep apnea. Is there a "sleep apnea surgery". I've heard that there is , but have never found a doctor that does this. My husband has been on C-pap for two years but has not been able to keep it on for more then 2 hours. He is not overweight, has had a stroke at 40 years old and double by-pass at 50 years old. Otherwise he follows doctors orders and has no other problems. Thank you for your time,

Response: Obstructive sleep apnea - adults (Treatment): Treatment helps keep your airway open while you sleep so your breathing does not stop. Lifestyle changes may help relieve symptoms in people with mild sleep apnea, such as: - Avoid alcohol or medicines that make you sleepy before bedtime. They can make symptoms worse. - Avoid sleeping on your back. - Lose excess weight. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices work best to treat obstructive sleep apnea in most people. - You wear a mask over your nose while you sleep. - The mask is connected by a hose to a small machine that sits at the side of your bed. - The machine pumps air under pressure through the hose and mask and into your airway while you sleep. This helps keep your airway open. It can take some time to get used to sleeping with CPAP therapy. Good follow-up and support from a sleep center can help you overcome any problems using CPAP. Dental devices may help some people. You wear them in your mouth while you sleep to keep your jaw forward and the airway open. Other treatments may be available, but there is less evidence that they work. It is best to talk with a doctor who specializes in sleep problems before trying them. Surgery may be an option for some people. It is often a last resort if other treatments did not work and you have severe symptoms. Surgery may be used to: - Remove extra tissue at the back of the throat. - Correct problems with the structures in the face. - Create an opening in the windpipe to bypass the blocked airway if there are physical problems. - Remove the tonsils and adenoids. Surgery may not completely cure obstructive sleep apnea and may have long-term side effects. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Diahrrea. I take Loperamide for chronic diahrrea. Then I stop it for about 2 days so I can have a bowel movement. But then the stool is really soft and there were a few times I almost didn't make to the bathroom. Is there a way for a happy medium

Response: Diarrhea (Summary): Summary What is diarrhea? Diarrhea is loose, watery stools (bowel movements). You have diarrhea if you have loose stools three or more times in one day. Acute diarrhea is diarrhea that lasts a short time. It is a common problem. It usually lasts about one or two days, but it may last longer. Then it goes away on its own. Diarrhea lasting more than a few days may be a sign of a more serious problem. Chronic diarrhea -- diarrhea that lasts at least four weeks -- can be a symptom of a chronic disease. Chronic diarrhea symptoms may be continual, or they may come and go. Who gets diarrhea? People of all ages can get diarrhea. On average, adults In the United States have acute diarrhea once a year. Young children have it an average of twice a year. People who visit developing countries are at risk for traveler's diarrhea. It is caused by consuming contaminated food or water. What causes diarrhea? The most common causes of diarrhea include - Bacteria from contaminated food or water - Viruses such as the flu, norovirus, or rotavirus . Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children. - Parasites, which are tiny organisms found in contaminated food or water - Medicines such as antibiotics, cancer drugs, and antacids that contain magnesium - Food intolerances and sensitivities, which are problems digesting certain ingredients or foods. An example is lactose intolerance. - Diseases that affect the stomach, small intestine, or colon, such as Crohn's disease - Problems with how the colon functions, such as irritable bowel syndrome Some people also get diarrhea after stomach surgery, because sometimes the surgeries can cause food to move through your digestive system more quickly. Sometimes no cause can be found. If your diarrhea goes away within a few days, finding the cause is usually not necessary. What other symptoms might I have with diarrhea? Other possible symptoms of diarrhea include - Cramps or pain in the abdomen - An urgent need to use the bathroom - Loss of bowel control If a virus or bacteria is the cause of your diarrhea, you may also have a fever, chills, and bloody stools. Diarrhea can cause dehydration, which means that your body does not have enough fluid to work properly. Dehydration can be serious, especially for children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems. When should I see a doctor for diarrhea? Although it is usually not harmful, diarrhea can become dangerous or signal a more serious problem. Contact your health care provider if you have - Signs of dehydration - Diarrhea for more than 2 days, if you are an adult. For children, contact the provider if it lasts more than 24 hours. - Severe pain in your abdomen or rectum (for adults) - A fever of 102 degrees or higher - Stools containing blood or pus - Stools that are black and tarry If children have diarrhea, parents or caregivers should not hesitate to call a health care provider. Diarrhea can be especially dangerous in newborns and infants. How is the cause of diarrhea diagnosed? To find the cause of diarrhea, your health care provider may - Do a physical exam - Ask about any medicines you are taking - Test your stool or blood to look for bacteria, parasites, or other signs of disease or infection - Ask you to stop eating certain foods to see whether your diarrhea goes away If you have chronic diarrhea, your health care provider may perform other tests to look for signs of disease. What are the treatments for diarrhea? Diarrhea is treated by replacing lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. Depending on the cause of the problem, you may need medicines to stop the diarrhea or treat an infection. Adults with diarrhea should drink water, fruit juices, sports drinks, sodas without caffeine, and salty broths. As your symptoms improve, you can eat soft, bland food. Children with diarrhea should be given oral rehydration solutions to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. Can diarrhea be prevented? Two types of diarrhea can be prevented - rotavirus diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea. There are vaccines for rotavirus. They are given to babies in two or three doses. You can help prevent traveler's diarrhea by being careful about what you eat and drink when you are in developing countries: - Use only bottled or purified water for drinking, making ice cubes, and brushing your teeth - If you do use tap water, boil it or use iodine tablets - Make sure that the cooked food you eat is fully cooked and served hot - Avoid unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Diahrrea. I take Loperamide for chronic diahrrea. Then I stop it for about 2 days so I can have a bowel movement. But then the stool is really soft and there were a few times I almost didn't make to the bathroom. Is there a way for a happy medium

Response: Diarrhea (Symptoms): Signs and symptoms associated with diarrhea may include: - Loose, watery stools - Abdominal cramps - Abdominal pain - Fever - Blood in the stool - Bloating - Nausea - Urgent need to have a bowel movement If you're an adult, see your doctor if: - Your diarrhea persists beyond two days - You become dehydrated - You have severe abdominal or rectal pain - You have bloody or black stools - You have a fever above 102 F (39 C) In children, particularly young children, diarrhea can quickly lead to dehydration. Call your doctor if your child's diarrhea doesn't improve within 24 hours or if your baby: - Becomes dehydrated - Has a fever above 102 F (39 C) - Has bloody or black stools. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Diahrrea. I take Loperamide for chronic diahrrea. Then I stop it for about 2 days so I can have a bowel movement. But then the stool is really soft and there were a few times I almost didn't make to the bathroom. Is there a way for a happy medium

Response: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (Symptoms): For most people, antibiotic-associated diarrhea causes mild signs and symptoms, such as: - Loose stools - More-frequent bowel movements Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is likely to begin about a week after you start taking an antibiotic. Sometimes, however, diarrhea and other symptoms don't appear until days or even weeks after you've finished antibiotic treatment. C. difficile is a toxin-producing bacteria that causes antibiotic-associated colitis, which can occur after the antibiotic therapy upsets the balance of good and bad bacteria in your intestinal tract. Besides loose stools, C. difficile infection can cause: - Lower abdominal pain and cramping - Low-grade fever - Nausea - Loss of appetite Call your doctor right away if you have serious signs and symptoms of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. These signs and symptoms are common to a number of conditions, so your doctor might recommend tests to determine the cause. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: about uveitis. IS THE UVEITIS, AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE?

Response: Facts About Uveitis (What Causes Uveitis?): Uveitis is caused by inflammatory responses inside the eye. Inflammation is the body’s natural response to tissue damage, germs, or toxins. It produces swelling, redness, heat, and destroys tissues as certain white blood cells rush to the affected part of the body to contain or eliminate the insult. Uveitis may be caused by: - An attack from the body’s own immune system (autoimmunity). - Infections or tumors occurring within the eye or in other parts of the body. - Bruises to the eye. - Toxins that may penetrate the eye. The disease will cause symptoms, such as decreased vision, pain, light sensitivity, and increased floaters. In many cases the cause is unknown. Uveitis is usually classified by where it occurs in the eye. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: about uveitis. IS THE UVEITIS, AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE?

Response: Facts About Uveitis (How is uveitis detected?): Diagnosis of uveitis includes a thorough examination and the recording of the patient’s complete medical history. Laboratory tests may be done to rule out an infection or an autoimmune disorder. A central nervous system evaluation will often be performed on patients with a subgroup of intermediate uveitis, called pars planitis, to determine whether they have multiple sclerosis which is often associated with pars planitis. The eye exams used, include: An Eye Chart or Visual Acuity Test: This test measures whether a patient’s vision has decreased. A Funduscopic Exam: The pupil is widened (dilated) with eye drops and then a light is shown through with an instrument called an ophthalmoscope to noninvasively inspect the back, inside part of the eye. Ocular Pressure: An instrument, such a tonometer or a tonopen, measures the pressure inside the eye. Drops that numb the eye may be used for this test. A Slit Lamp Exam: A slit lamp noninvasively inspects much of the eye. It can inspect the front and back parts of the eye and some lamps may be equipped with a tonometer to measure eye pressure. A dye called fluorescein, which makes blood vessels easier to see, may be added to the eye during the examination. The dye only temporarily stains the eye. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: about uveitis. IS THE UVEITIS, AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE?

Response: Uveitis: Uveitis is swelling and irritation of the uvea. The uvea is the middle layer of the eye. The uvea provides most of the blood supply to the retina. Uveitis can be caused by autoimmune disorders. These diseases occur when the body's immune system attacks and destroys healthy body tissue by mistake. Examples are: - Ankylosing spondylitis - Psoriasis - Reactive arthritis - Rheumatoid arthritis - Sarcoidosis - Ulcerative colitis Uveitis can also be caused by infections such as: - AIDS - Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis - Herpes zoster infection - Histoplasmosis - Kawasaki disease - Syphilis - Toxoplasmosis - Tuberculosis Exposure to toxins or injury can also cause uveitis. In many cases, the cause is unknown. The most common form of uveitis involves inflammation the front part of the eye. It is often called iritis because it most often only affects the iris. The iris is the colored part of the eye. In most cases, it occurs in healthy people. The disorder may affect only one eye. It is most common in young and middle-aged people. Posterior uveitis affects the back part of the eye. It involves primarily the choroid. This is the layer of blood vessels and connective tissue in the middle layer of the eye. This type of uveitis is called choroiditis. If the retina is also involved, it is called chorioretinitis. Another form of uveitis is pars planitis. Changes involve the narrowed area (pars plana) between the colored part of the eye (iris) and the choroid. Pars planitis most often occurs in young men. It is generally not associated with any other disease. However, it may be linked to Crohn disease and possibly multiple sclerosis. Uveitis can affect one or both eyes. Symptoms may develop rapidly and can include: - Blurred vision - Dark, floating spots in the vision - Eye pain - Redness of the eye - Sensitivity to light The health care provider will take a complete medical history and do an eye exam. Lab tests may be done to rule out infection or a weak immune system. If you are over age 25 and have pars planitis, your provider will suggest a brain and spine MRI. This will rule out multiple sclerosis. Iritis (anterior uveitis) is most often mild. Treatment may involve: - Dark glasses - Eye drops that dilate the pupil to relieve pain - Steroid eye drops Pars planitis is often treated with steroid eye drops. Other medicines, including steroids taken by mouth, may be used to help suppress the immune system. Posterior uveitis treatment depends on the underlying cause. It almost always includes steroids taken by mouth. If the uveitis is caused by a body-wide (systemic) infection, you may be given antibiotics. You may also be given powerful anti-inflammatory medicines called corticosteroids. With proper treatment, most attacks of anterior uveitis go away in a few days to weeks. However, the problem often returns. Posterior uveitis may last from months to years. It may cause permanent vision damage, even with treatment. Complications may include: - Cataracts - Fluid within the retina - Glaucoma - Irregular pupil - Retinal detachment - Vision loss Symptoms that need urgent medical care are: - Eye pain - Reduced vision If you have a body-wide (systemic) infection or disease, treating the condition will prevent uveitis. Updated by: Franklin W. Lusby, MD, ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Customer Service Request. How much urine does an average human bladder hold - in ounces?

Response: What is bladder cancer?: Bladder cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the bladder become abnormal and multiply without control or order. The bladder is a hollow, muscular organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine until it is ready to be excreted from the body. The most common type of bladder cancer begins in cells lining the inside of the bladder and is called transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Bladder cancer may cause blood in the urine, pain during urination, frequent urination, or the feeling that one needs to urinate without results. These signs and symptoms are not specific to bladder cancer, however. They also can be caused by noncancerous conditions such as infections. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Customer Service Request. How much urine does an average human bladder hold - in ounces?

Response: Urine odor: Urine odor refers to the smell from your urine. Urine odor varies. Most of the time, urine does not have a strong smell if you are healthy and drink plenty of fluids. Most changes in urine odor are not a sign of disease and go away in time. Some foods and medicines, including vitamins, may affect your urine's odor. For example, eating asparagus causes a distinct urine odor. Foul-smelling urine may be due to bacteria. Sweet-smelling urine may be a sign of uncontrolled diabetes or a rare disease of metabolism. Liver disease and certain metabolic disorders may cause musty-smelling urine. Some conditions that can cause changes in urine odor include: - Bladder fistula - Bladder infection - Body is low on fluids (concentrated urine can smell like ammonia) - Poorly controlled diabetes (sweet smelling urine) - Liver failure - Ketonuria Call your health care provider if you have signs of a urinary tract infection with abnormal urine odor. These include: - Fever - Chills - Burning pain with urination - Back pain You may have the following tests: - Urinalysis - Urine culture Updated by: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director and Director of Didactic Curriculum, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Customer Service Request. How much urine does an average human bladder hold - in ounces?

Response: HCG in urine: This type of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test measures the specific level of HCG in the urine. HCG is a hormone produced in the body during pregnancy. Other HCG tests include: - HCG in blood serum - qualitative - HCG in blood serum - quantitative - Pregnancy test To collect a urine sample, you urinate into a special (sterile) cup. Home pregnancy tests require the test strip to be dipped into the urine sample or passed through the urine stream while urinating. Carefully follow package directions. In most cases, a urine sample taken the first time you urinate in the morning is best. This is when urine is the most concentrated and has enough HCG to be detected. No special preparation is needed. The test involves urinating into a cup or onto a test strip. Urine HCG tests are a common method of determining if a woman is pregnant. The best time to test for pregnancy at home is after you miss your period. The test result will be reported as negative or positive. - The test is negative if you are not pregnant. - The test is positive if you are pregnant. A pregnancy test, including a properly performed home pregnancy test, is considered to be very accurate. Positive results are more likely to be accurate than negative results. When the test is negative but pregnancy is still suspected, the test should be repeated in 1 week. There are no risks, except for false positive or false negative results. Updated by: John D. Jacobson, MD, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda Center for Fertility, Loma Linda, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Amlodipine. I am taking Amlodipine and it has caused my pause rate to be very high. Is there a weaning process when you stop taking Amlodipine and start atenolol? I am taking 5 mg of amlodipine and will be taking 50 mg of atenolol?

Response: Amlodipine (Brand names of combination products): - Amturnide® (containing Aliskiren, Amlodipine, Hydrochlorothiazide) - Azor® (containing Amlodipine, Olmesartan) - Caduet® (containing Amlodipine, Atorvastatin) - Exforge® (containing Amlodipine, Valsartan) - Exforge® HCT (containing Amlodipine, Hydrochlorothiazide, Valsartan) - Prestalia® (containing Amlodipine, Perindopril) - Tekamlo® (containing Aliskiren, Amlodipine) - Tribenzor® (containing Amlodipine, Hydrochlorothiazide, Olmesartan) - Twynsta® (containing Amlodipine, Telmisartan). If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Shingles vacine. At what age should you get the Shingles shot. My children are in theur late 30's, early 40's, all three had bad cases of chicken pox as children.

Response: Shingles (Should You Get the Shingles Vaccine?): The shingles vaccine is a safe and easy, one-time shot that may keep you from getting shingles. Most people age 60 and older should get vaccinated. You should get the shot even if you have already had shingles or don't remember having chickenpox. However, if you have a weak immune system or allergies to certain medicines, make sure to check with your doctor first.You can get the shingles vaccine at your doctor's office and at some pharmacies. All Medicare Part D plans and most private health insurance plans will cover the cost. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Shingles vacine. At what age should you get the Shingles shot. My children are in theur late 30's, early 40's, all three had bad cases of chicken pox as children.

Response: Shingles (Causes): After you get chickenpox, the virus remains inactive (becomes dormant) in certain nerves in the body. Shingles occurs after the virus becomes active again in these nerves after many years. Many people had such a mild case of chickenpox that they do not realize they have had the infection. The reason the virus suddenly becomes active again is not clear. Often only one attack occurs. Shingles can develop in any age group. You are more likely to develop the condition if: - You are older than age 60 - You had chickenpox before age 1 - Your immune system is weakened by medicines or disease If an adult or child has direct contact with the shingles rash and did not have chickenpox as a child or get the chickenpox vaccine, they can develop chickenpox, not shingles. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: very worry and need advise .. dear sir i had car accident 2 months a go . other person blood splash one me and i saw a lot of blood on my hand and some on face . not sure about eye . i didn't wash it immediatly and until 15 minute later then i washed it . am i risk hiv ? thank you .

Response: Child safety seats (Review Date 2/16/2017): Updated by: Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: very worry and need advise .. dear sir i had car accident 2 months a go . other person blood splash one me and i saw a lot of blood on my hand and some on face . not sure about eye . i didn't wash it immediatly and until 15 minute later then i washed it . am i risk hiv ? thank you .

Response: Who is at risk for Lyme disease blood test??: Veins and arteries vary in size, so it may be harder to take a blood sample from one person than another. Other slight risks from having blood drawn may include: - Excessive bleeding - Fainting or feeling lightheaded - Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) - Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken). If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: very worry and need advise .. dear sir i had car accident 2 months a go . other person blood splash one me and i saw a lot of blood on my hand and some on face . not sure about eye . i didn't wash it immediatly and until 15 minute later then i washed it . am i risk hiv ? thank you .

Response: IMH » HIV/AIDS and Mental Health (HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND)): HAND represents the range of neurocognitive complications associated with HIV infection. Although there is currently no cure for HAND, combination antiretroviral therapy has been shown to be the only option in preventing or delaying the progression of HAND. There are three major types of HAND: - Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment (ANI) is diagnosed if testing shows HIV-associated impairment in cognitive function, but everyday functioning is not affected. - Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (MND) is diagnosed if testing shows HIV-associated impairment in cognitive function, and mild interference in everyday functioning. - HIV-associated Dementia (HAD) is diagnosed if testing shows marked impairment in cognitive function, especially in learning of new information, information processing, and attention or concentration. This impairment significantly limits your ability to function day-to-day at work, home, and during social activities. Although a significant proportion of people living with HIV are affected by a mild form of HAND, there has been significant progress in the treatment of HAND. Since the start of the epidemic, severe cases of HAND have been on the decline and the most severe form, HAD, is rare. The majority of people experience more subtle abnormalities in memory and cognition. Experienced clinicians can diagnose HAND after carefully ruling out other possible causes of the symptoms. They may conduct a thorough neurological exam and history, neuropsychological testing, brain MRI scan, and sometimes lumbar puncture to evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid to obtain information about the nature and severity of HAND. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Swan NDC 0869-0871-43. I found 4 cases of expired (04/2010) Hydrogen Peroxide. How do I safely dispose of this product?

Response: Hydrogen peroxide poisoning (Where Found): Hydrogen peroxide is used in these products: - Hydrogen peroxide - Hair bleach - Some contact lens cleaners Note: Household hydrogen peroxide has a 3% concentration. That means it contains 97% water and 3% hydrogen peroxide. Hair bleaches are stronger. They usually have a concentration of more than 6%. Some industrial-strength solutions contain more than 10% hydrogen peroxide. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Swan NDC 0869-0871-43. I found 4 cases of expired (04/2010) Hydrogen Peroxide. How do I safely dispose of this product?

Response: How and when to get rid of unused medicines (How to Dispose of Expired Medicines Safely): Disposing medicines safely prevents others from using them accidentally or intentionally. It also prevents harmful residues from getting into the environment. Look for disposal instructions on the label or information booklet. DO NOT FLUSH UNUSED MEDICINES You should not flush most medicines or pour them down the drain. Medicines contain chemicals that may not break down in the environment. When flushed down the toilet or sink, these residues can pollute our water resources. This may affect fish and other marine life. These residues can also end up in our drinking water. However, some medicines must be disposed of as soon as possible to reduce their potential harm. You can flush them to prevent someone from using them. These include opioids or narcotics usually prescribed for pain. You should ONLY flush medicines when it specifically says to do so on the label. DRUG TAKE-BACK PROGRAMS The best way to dispose of your medicines is to bring them to drug take-back programs. These programs safely dispose of medicines by burning them up. Drug take-back programs are organized from time to time in most communities. Or, your town may have special days when you can bring hazardous household items such as unused medicines to a specific location for disposal. Contact your local trash and recycling service to find out when the next event is scheduled in your community. Medicines NOT accepted by most drug take-back programs include: - Liquid medicines - Needles - Sprays - Inhalers - Creams HOUSEHOLD DISPOSAL If you don't have a take-back program available, you can throw your medicines out with your household trash. To do so safely: - Take the medicine out of its container and mix it with other unpleasant garbage such as kitty litter or used coffee grounds. DO NOT crush pills or capsules. - Place the mixture into a sealable plastic bag or sealed contain that won't leak. - Be sure to remove your Rx number and all personal information from the medicine bottle. Scratch it off or cover it with a permanent marker or duct tape. - Throw the container and pill bottles out with the rest of your trash. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Swan NDC 0869-0871-43. I found 4 cases of expired (04/2010) Hydrogen Peroxide. How do I safely dispose of this product?

Response: How and when to get rid of unused medicines: Many people have unused or expired prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines at home. Learn when you should get rid of unused medicines and how to dispose of them safely. You should get rid of a medicine when: - Your health care provider changes your prescription but you still have some medicine left - You feel better and your provider says you should stop taking the medicine - You have OTC medicines that you no longer need - You have medicines that are past their expiration dates DO NOT take expired medicines. They may not be as effective or the ingredients of the medicine may have changed. This can make them unsafe for use. Read the labels regularly to check the expiration date of a medicine. Discard any that have expired and those you no longer need. Storing expired or unwanted medicines can increase the risk of: - Taking the wrong medicine due to mix-ups - Accidental poisoning in children or pets - Overdose - Misuse or illegal abuse Disposing medicines safely prevents others from using them accidentally or intentionally. It also prevents harmful residues from getting into the environment. Look for disposal instructions on the label or information booklet. DO NOT FLUSH UNUSED MEDICINES You should not flush most medicines or pour them down the drain. Medicines contain chemicals that may not break down in the environment. When flushed down the toilet or sink, these residues can pollute our water resources. This may affect fish and other marine life. These residues can also end up in our drinking water. However, some medicines must be disposed of as soon as possible to reduce their potential harm. You can flush them to prevent someone from using them. These include opioids or narcotics usually prescribed for pain. You should ONLY flush medicines when it specifically says to do so on the label. DRUG TAKE-BACK PROGRAMS The best way to dispose of your medicines is to bring them to drug take-back programs. These programs safely dispose of medicines by burning them up. Drug take-back programs are organized from time to time in most communities. Or, your town may have special days when you can bring hazardous household items such as unused medicines to a specific location for disposal. Contact your local trash and recycling service to find out when the next event is scheduled in your community. Medicines NOT accepted by most drug take-back programs include: - Liquid medicines - Needles - Sprays - Inhalers - Creams HOUSEHOLD DISPOSAL If you don't have a take-back program available, you can throw your medicines out with your household trash. To do so safely: - Take the medicine out of its container and mix it with other unpleasant garbage such as kitty litter or used coffee grounds. DO NOT crush pills or capsules. - Place the mixture into a sealable plastic bag or sealed contain that won't leak. - Be sure to remove your Rx number and all personal information from the medicine bottle. Scratch it off or cover it with a permanent marker or duct tape. - Throw the container and pill bottles out with the rest of your trash. Call your provider if: - Someone consumes expired medicines accidentally or on purpose - You have an allergic reaction to a medicine Updated by: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: congenital diaphragmatic hernia.. congenital diaphragmatic hernia. what are the causes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia? Can cousin marriage cause this? What kind of lung disease the baby might experience life long?

Response: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (Prognosis): The long-term outlook ( prognosis ) for those with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) depends on a number of factors and is hard to predict. A large defect is more likely to result in pulmonary hypoplasia (underdevelopment of the lungs) and death than a small defect. [6] Other factors associated with decreased survival include: premature birth having a chromosome abnormality or single gene disorder the presence of other severe birth defects such as a heart defect having a right-sided defect or bilateral CDH (on both sides) liver herniation a lower fetal lung volume[5][6][4] persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newbornhemorrhagechylothoraxtertiary. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: congenital diaphragmatic hernia.. congenital diaphragmatic hernia. what are the causes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia? Can cousin marriage cause this? What kind of lung disease the baby might experience life long?

Response: congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a defect in the diaphragm. The diaphragm, which is composed of muscle and other fibrous tissue, separates the organs in the abdomen from those in the chest. Abnormal development of the diaphragm before birth leads to defects ranging from a thinned area in the diaphragm to its complete absence. An absent or partially formed diaphragm results in an abnormal opening (hernia) that allows the stomach and intestines to move into the chest cavity and crowd the heart and lungs. This crowding can lead to underdevelopment of the lungs (pulmonary hypoplasia), potentially resulting in life-threatening breathing difficulties that are apparent from birth. In 5 to 10 percent of affected individuals, signs and symptoms of congenital diaphragmatic hernia appear later in life and may include breathing problems or abdominal pain from protrusion of the intestine into the chest cavity. In about 1 percent of cases, congenital diaphragmatic hernia has no symptoms; it may be detected incidentally when medical imaging is done for other reasons. Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are often classified by their position. A Bochdalek hernia is a defect in the side or back of the diaphragm. Between 80 and 90 percent of congenital diaphragmatic hernias are of this type. A Morgnani hernia is a defect involving the front part of the diaphragm. This type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, which accounts for approximately 2 percent of cases, is less likely to cause severe symptoms at birth. Other types of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, such as those affecting the central region of the diaphragm, or those in which the diaphragm muscle is absent with only a thin membrane in its place, are rare. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia affects approximately 1 in 2,500 newborns. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia has many different causes. In 10 to 15 percent of affected individuals, the condition appears as a feature of a disorder that affects many body systems, called a syndrome. Donnai-Barrow syndrome, Fryns syndrome, and Pallister-Killian mosaic syndrome are among several syndromes in which congenital diaphragmatic hernia may occur. Some of these syndromes are caused by changes in single genes, and others are caused by chromosomal abnormalities that affect several genes. About 25 percent of individuals with congenital diaphragmatic hernia that is not associated with a known syndrome also have abnormalities of one or more major body systems. Affected body systems can include the heart, brain, skeleton, intestines, genitals, kidneys, or eyes. In these individuals, the multiple abnormalities likely result from a common underlying disruption in development that affects more than one area of the body, but the specific mechanism responsible for this disruption is not clear. Approximately 50 to 60 percent of congenital diaphragmatic hernia cases are isolated, which means that affected individuals have no other major malformations. More than 80 percent of individuals with congenital diaphragmatic hernia have no known genetic syndrome or chromosomal abnormality. In these cases, the cause of the condition is unknown. Researchers are studying changes in several genes involved in the development of the diaphragm as possible causes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Some of these genes are transcription factors, which provide instructions for making proteins that help control the activity of particular genes (gene expression). Others provide instructions for making proteins involved in cell structure or the movement (migration) of cells in the embryo. Environmental factors that influence development before birth may also increase the risk of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, but these environmental factors have not been identified. Isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia is rarely inherited. In almost all cases, there is only one affected individual in a family. When congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs as a feature of a genetic syndrome or chromosomal abnormality, it may cluster in families according to the inheritance pattern for that condition. Bielinska M, Jay PY, Erlich JM, Mannisto S, Urban Z, Heikinheimo M, Wilson DB. Molecular genetics of congenital diaphragmatic defects. Ann Med. 2007;39(4):261-74. Review. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: congenital diaphragmatic hernia.. congenital diaphragmatic hernia. what are the causes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia? Can cousin marriage cause this? What kind of lung disease the baby might experience life long?

Response: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (Cause): Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can occur as an isolated finding, as part of a genetic syndrome or chromosome abnormality , or with additional birth defects of unknown cause. [5] Some cases have been linked to in utero exposures. [6] In the majority of cases, the cause is not known. [5]. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: shingles. need to know about the work place and someone having shingles, especially while handling food.

Response: Shingles (Zoster) Vaccine (What is shingles?): Shingles is a painful skin rash, often with blisters. It is also called Herpes Zoster or just Zoster. A shingles rash usually appears on one side of the face or body and lasts from 2 to 4 weeks. Its main symptom is pain, which can be quite severe. Other symptoms of shingles can include fever, headache, chills, and upset stomach. Very rarely, a shingles infection can lead to pneumonia, hearing problems, blindness, brain inflammation (encephalitis), or death. For about one person in five, severe pain can continue even after the rash clears up. This is called post-herpetic neuralgia. Shingles is caused by the Varicella Zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Only someone who has had chickenpox, or rarely, has gotten chickenpox vaccine, can get shingles. The virus stays in your body, and can cause shingles many years later. You can't catch shingles from another person with shingles. However, a person who has never had chickenpox (or chickenpox vaccine) could get chickenpox from someone with shingles. This is not very common. Shingles is far more common in people 50 and older than in younger people. It is also more common in people whose immune systems are weakened because of a disease such as cancer, or drugs such as steroids or chemotherapy. At least 1 million people a year in the United States get shingles. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: shingles. need to know about the work place and someone having shingles, especially while handling food.

Response: Shingles (What Are the Symptoms of Shingles?): Usually, shingles develops only on one side of the body or face and in a small area rather than all over. The most common place for shingles is a band that goes around one side of your waistline.Most people have some of the following shingles symptoms:- Burning, tingling, or numbness of the skin - Feeling sick-chills, fever, upset stomach, or headache - Fluid-filled blisters - Skin that is sensitive to touch - Mild itching to strong painDepending on where shingles develops, it could also cause symptoms like hiccups or even loss of vision.For some people, the symptoms of shingles are mild. They might just have some itching. For others, shingles can cause intense pain that can be felt from the gentlest touch or breeze. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: shingles. need to know about the work place and someone having shingles, especially while handling food.

Response: Shingles (How Do You Get Shingles?): Everyone who has had chickenpox has VZV in their body and is at risk for getting shingles. Right now, there is no way of knowing who will get the disease. But, some things make it more likely:- Advanced age. The risk of getting shingles increases as you age. People may have a harder time fighting off infections as they get older. About half of all shingles cases are in adults age 60 or older. The chance of getting shingles becomes much greater by age 70. - Trouble fighting infections. Your immune system is the part of your body that responds to infections. Age can affect your immune system. So can an HIV infection, cancer, cancer treatments, too much sun, or organ transplant drugs. Even stress or a cold can weaken your immune system for a short time. These all can put you at risk for shingles. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information. My question to you is: what is the reason that there is very little attentions is to Antiphosoholipid Syndrome? To find the causes and possibly some type of cure for us who struggle with this auto-immune blood disorder? I guess that since it is female directed (9-1 female to male) that no one important enough has died from APS? Oh, by the way, I'm a 58 year old man!

Response: Lupus anticoagulants and antiphospholipid antibodies (Treatment): LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT OR APL Often, you will not need treatment if you do not have symptoms or if you have never had a blood clot in the past. Take the following steps to help prevent blood clots from forming: - Avoid most birth control pills or hormone treatments for menopause (women). - DO NOT smoke or use other tobacco products. - Get up and move around during long plane flights or other times when you have to sit or lie down for extended periods. - Move your ankles up and down when you cannot move around. You will be prescribed blood-thinning medicines (such as heparin and warfarin) to help prevent blood clots: - After surgery - After a bone fracture - With active cancer - When you need to set or lie down for long periods of time, such as during a hospital stay or recovering at home You may also need to take blood thinners for 3 to 4 weeks after surgery to lower your risk of blood clots. ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME (APS) In general, you will need long-term treatment with a blood thinner for a long time if you have the APS. Initial treatment may be heparin, either unfractionated or low-molecular heparin. These medicines are given by injection. In most cases, warfarin (Coumadin), which is given by mouth, is then started. It is necessary to monitor the level of anticoagulation frequently. This is most often done using the INR test. If you have APS and become pregnant, you will need to be followed closely by a provider expert in this condition. You will not take warfarin during pregnancy, but will be given low-molecular weight heparin instead. If you have SLE and APS your provider will also recommend that you take hydroxychloroquine. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information. My question to you is: what is the reason that there is very little attentions is to Antiphosoholipid Syndrome? To find the causes and possibly some type of cure for us who struggle with this auto-immune blood disorder? I guess that since it is female directed (9-1 female to male) that no one important enough has died from APS? Oh, by the way, I'm a 58 year old man!

Response: Schizoaffective disorder (Treatment): Treatment can vary. In general, your provider will prescribe medicines to improve your mood and treat psychosis: - Antipsychotic medicines are used to treat psychotic symptoms. - Antidepressant medicines, or mood stabilizers, may be prescribed to improve mood. Talk therapy can help with creating plans, solving problems, and maintaining relationships. Group therapy can help with social isolation. Support and work training may be helpful for work skills, relationships, money management, and living situations. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information. My question to you is: what is the reason that there is very little attentions is to Antiphosoholipid Syndrome? To find the causes and possibly some type of cure for us who struggle with this auto-immune blood disorder? I guess that since it is female directed (9-1 female to male) that no one important enough has died from APS? Oh, by the way, I'm a 58 year old man!

Response: Schizoid personality disorder (Treatment): People with this disorder will often not seek treatment. For this reason, little is known about which treatments work. Talk therapy may not be effective. This is because people with this disorder may have a hard time forming a good working relationship with a therapist. One approach that seems to help is to put fewer demands for emotional closeness or intimacy on the person. People with schizoid personality disorder often do well in relationships that don't focus on emotional closeness. They tend to be better at handling relationships that focus on: - Work - Intellectual activities - Expectations. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: side efectes to methadone. i jest started taking methadone and have confusion my face itches

Response: What are the side effects or risks of Methadone?: Methadone may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away: - weakness - headache - nausea - vomiting - loss of appetite - weight gain - stomach pain - dry mouth - sore tongue - sweating - flushing - difficulty urinating - mood changes - vision problems - difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep - decreased sexual desire or ability - missed menstrual periods Some side effects can be serious. If you experience any of the following symptoms or those mentioned in the IMPORTANT WARNING section, call your doctor immediately or get emergency medical help: - seizures - itching - hives - rash - swelling of the eyes, face, mouth, tongue, or throat - hoarseness - difficulty breathing or swallowing - extreme drowsiness - hallucinating (seeing things or hearing voices that do not exist) Methadone may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems while you are taking this medication. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: methylprednisolole. unable to fine info on the above med

Response: Methylprednisolone (What special dietary instructions should I follow?): Your doctor may instruct you to follow a low-sodium, low-salt, potassium-rich, or high-protein diet. Follow these directions. Methylprednisolone may cause an upset stomach. Take methylprednisolone with food or milk. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Simvastatin. Why is it recommended that this medicine be taken in the evening? Any harm in taking it in the morning?

Response: Simvastatin (How should this medicine be used?): Simvastatin comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It usually is taken once a day in the evening. Take simvastatin at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take simvastatin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. Your doctor may start you on a low dose of simvastatin and gradually increase your dose, not more than once every 4 weeks. Continue to take simvastatin even if you feel well. Do not stop taking simvastatin without talking to your doctor. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Simvastatin. Why is it recommended that this medicine be taken in the evening? Any harm in taking it in the morning?

Response: Simvastatin (Other uses for this medicine): This medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Prednisone. My husband has been on Prednisone for almost a year for a Cancer treatment he had. He started at 30mg and stayed on 10mg until a couple weeks ago. The prednisone was causing other side effects. He reduced down to 5mg for a couple days and now has been off the prednisone for a week. How long should we expect this drug to stay in his system. He is really experiencing chills/fever/abdominal pain..are these common when coming off this drug? Is there anything else we should expect?

Response: Prednisone (How should this medicine be used?): Prednisone comes as a tablet, a solution (liquid), and a concentrated solution to take by mouth. Prednisone is usually taken with food one to four times a day or once every other day. Your doctor will probably tell you to take your dose(s) of prednisone at certain time(s) of day every day. Your personal dosing schedule will depend on your condition and on how you respond to treatment. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take prednisone exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often or for a longer period of time than prescribed by your doctor. If you are taking the concentrated solution, use the specially marked dropper that comes with the medication to measure your dose. You may mix the concentrated solution with juice, other flavored liquids, or soft foods such as applesauce. Your doctor may change your dose of prednisone often during your treatment to be sure that you are always taking the lowest dose that works for you. Your doctor may also need to change your dose if you experience unusual stress on your body such as surgery, illness, infection, or a severe asthma attack. Tell your doctor if your symptoms improve or get worse or if you get sick or have any changes in your health during your treatment. If you are taking prednisone to treat a long-lasting disease, the medication may help control your condition but will not cure it. Continue to take prednisone even if you feel well. Do not stop taking prednisone without talking to your doctor. If you suddenly stop taking prednisone, your body may not have enough natural steroids to function normally. This may cause symptoms such as extreme tiredness, weakness, slowed movements, upset stomach, weight loss, changes in skin color, sores in the mouth, and craving for salt. Call your doctor if you experience these or other unusual symptoms while you are taking decreasing doses of prednisone or after you stop taking the medication. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Prednisone. My husband has been on Prednisone for almost a year for a Cancer treatment he had. He started at 30mg and stayed on 10mg until a couple weeks ago. The prednisone was causing other side effects. He reduced down to 5mg for a couple days and now has been off the prednisone for a week. How long should we expect this drug to stay in his system. He is really experiencing chills/fever/abdominal pain..are these common when coming off this drug? Is there anything else we should expect?

Response: Prednisone (What should I do if I forget a dose?): When you start to take prednisone, ask your doctor what to do if you forget to take a dose. Write down these instructions so that you can refer to them later. Call your doctor or pharmacist if you miss a dose and do not know what to do. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed dose. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: general health. Does electrical high voltage shock cause swallowing problems in the near future ??

Response: Swallowing problems (Summary): Difficulty with swallowing is the feeling that food or liquid is stuck in the throat or at any point before the food enters the stomach. This problem is also called dysphagia. This may be caused by a brain or nerve disorder, stress or anxiety, or problems that involve the tube leading from your throat to your stomach-the esophagus. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: general health. Does electrical high voltage shock cause swallowing problems in the near future ??

Response: Swallowing problems: Difficulty with swallowing is the feeling that food or liquid is stuck in the throat or at any point before the food enters the stomach. This problem is also called dysphagia. This may be caused by a brain or nerve disorder, stress or anxiety, or problems that involve the tube leading from your throat to your stomach-the esophagus. Symptoms of swallowing problems include: - Coughing or choking, either during or after eating - Gurgling sounds from the throat, during or after eating - Throat clearing after drinking or swallowing - Slow chewing or eating - Coughing food back up after eating - Hiccups after swallowing - Chest discomfort during or after swallowing - Unexplained weight loss Symptoms may be mild or severe. Most people with dysphagia should be checked by a health care provider. But these general tips may help. - Keep mealtime relaxed. - Sit up as straight as possible when you eat. - Take small bites, less than 1 teaspoon (5 ml) of food per bite. - Chew well and swallow your food before taking another bite. - If one side of your face or mouth is weaker, chew food on the stronger side of your mouth. - DO NOT mix solid foods with liquids in the same bite. - DO NOT try to wash down solids with sips of liquids, unless your speech or swallowing therapist says this is OK. - DO NOT talk and swallow at the same time. - Sit upright for 30 to 45 minutes after eating. - DO NOT drink thin liquids without checking with your doctor or therapist first. You may need someone to remind you to finish swallowing. It may also help to ask caregivers and family members not to talk to you when you are eating or drinking. Call your provider if: - You cough or have fever or shortness of breath - You are losing weight - Your swallowing problems are getting worse Updated by: Subodh K. Lal, MD, gastroenterologist with Gastrointestinal Specialists of Georgia, Austell, GA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: general health. Does electrical high voltage shock cause swallowing problems in the near future ??

Response: Swallowing problems (When to Call the Doctor): Call your provider if: - You cough or have fever or shortness of breath - You are losing weight - Your swallowing problems are getting worse. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: calcitonin salmon nasal spray.. calcitonin salmon nasal spray. I picked up a bottle of above but noted it had NOT been refrigerated for at least the 3 days since Rx was filled. Box and literature state "refrigerate until opened." Pharmacist insisted it was ok "for 30 days" although I said that meant after opening. Cost is $54.08 plus need to know if it will be as effective as should be. Thank you.

Response: Calcitonin Salmon Injection (How should this medicine be used?): Calcitonin salmon comes as a solution to be injected under the skin (subcutaneously) or into the muscle (intramuscularly). It is usually used once a day or once every other day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Use calcitonin salmon injection exactly as directed. Do not use more or less of it or use it more often than prescribed by your doctor. Your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist will show you how to administer the medication. Follow all directions carefully. Dispose of all empty syringes and vials as directed by your healthcare provider. Before preparing a dose, look at the vial. If the solution is discolored or contains particles, do not use it, and call your pharmacist. Calcitonin salmon helps treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone but does not cure them. Continue to use calcitonin salmon even if you feel well. Do not stop using calcitonin salmon without talking to your doctor. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: calcitonin salmon nasal spray.. calcitonin salmon nasal spray. I picked up a bottle of above but noted it had NOT been refrigerated for at least the 3 days since Rx was filled. Box and literature state "refrigerate until opened." Pharmacist insisted it was ok "for 30 days" although I said that meant after opening. Cost is $54.08 plus need to know if it will be as effective as should be. Thank you.

Response: Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray (What other information should I know?): Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor may order certain lab tests to check your body's response to calcitonin salmon. You will also need occasional examinations of the nose to make sure calcitonin salmon nasal spray is not causing injury to the nose. Do not let anyone else use your medication. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription. It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Schmorl's Nodes. I am trying to obtain information on subject matter.

Response: Cancer and lymph nodes (Removing Lymph Nodes): Surgical removal of lymph nodes is called lymphadenectomy. Surgery can help to get rid of the cancer before spreading further. After nodes are removed, fluid has fewer places to go. Sometimes back up of lymph fluid, or lymphedema, can occur. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Schmorl's Nodes. I am trying to obtain information on subject matter.

Response: Cancer and lymph nodes (How Cancer Gets in the Lymph Nodes): Cancer can start in the lymph nodes. This is called lymphoma. There are several types of lymphomas, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer cells can also spread to the lymph nodes from a cancer in any part of the body. This is called metastatic cancer. Cancer cells break off from a tumor in the body and travel to an area of lymph nodes. The cancer cells often travel to nodes near the tumor first. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Schmorl's Nodes. I am trying to obtain information on subject matter.

Response: Cancer and lymph nodes (How Cancer in Lymph Nodes is Found): Nodes swell as they work hard to fight cancer cells. You or your health care provider may feel or see swollen lymph nodes if they are close to the surface of the skin, such as in the neck, groin, or underarms. Keep in mind that many other things also can cause lymph nodes to swell. So having swollen lymph nodes does not mean you definitely have cancer. When a provider suspects that cancer cells may be present in lymph nodes, certain tests may be performed to detect cancer, such as: - Lymph node biopsy - B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel - Other imaging tests. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Topic not covered. What exactly is sleep paralysis?

Response: Isolated sleep paralysis: Isolated sleep paralysis is a type of paralysis that occurs when a person just goes to sleep or upon waking from sleep. It is not associated with another sleep disorder. Episodes of isolated sleep paralysis last from a few seconds to 1 or 2 minutes. During these episodes the person is unable to move or speak. Breathing is not affected. These spells end on their own or when the person is touched or moved. In rare cases, the person may have dream-like sensations or hallucinations, which may be scary to them. Sleep paralysis can be a symptom of narcolepsy. But if you do not have other symptoms of narcolepsy, there is usually no need to have sleep studies done. In most cases, isolated sleep paralysis occurs so rarely that treatment is not needed. If the cause is known, for example due to lack of sleep, correcting the cause, such as getting enough sleep, often resolves the condition. In persons with mental health conditions, medicine and behavioral therapy (talk therapy) to help treat the mental condition may resolve sleep paralysis. Updated by: Allen J. Blaivas, DO, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, VA New Jersey Health Care System, Clinical Assistant Professor, Rutger's New Jersey Medical School, East Orange, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Topic not covered. What exactly is sleep paralysis?

Response: Isolated sleep paralysis (Symptoms): Episodes of isolated sleep paralysis last from a few seconds to 1 or 2 minutes. During these episodes the person is unable to move or speak. Breathing is not affected. These spells end on their own or when the person is touched or moved. In rare cases, the person may have dream-like sensations or hallucinations, which may be scary to them. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Topic not covered. What exactly is sleep paralysis?

Response: Isolated sleep paralysis (Exams and Tests): Sleep paralysis can be a symptom of narcolepsy. But if you do not have other symptoms of narcolepsy, there is usually no need to have sleep studies done. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Article on Exercise for Impaired - Overweight - Asthmatics. I just found the site through the article on breathing difficulty. My frustration is, WHAT exercises to do with asthma? Today I walked out of the door of the house to take a walk, a beautiful, cool, blustery, sunny day. Suddenly I couldn't catch my breath, my upper chest felt 'heavy', and I had to go back inside and sit down for a while. I'm no exercise weenie, before a couple of bad accidents (car crashes waiting at stop lights!) I used to play softball, volleyball, basketball, even a bit of rugby, I was a dancer and a weight-exerciser, a bicyclist, rollerblader, tree climber. Even today, BP is typically 110-120 over 70-80, heart rate is fine too. Is this just asthma? WHAT exercises can I do, safely? Sure, we ALL get it, exercise is good for us. Just which ones? LOTS of us with asthma would love help here. Thanks.

Response: Exercising and asthma at school: Sometimes exercise triggers asthma symptoms. This is called exercise-induced asthma (EIA). The symptoms of EIA are coughing, wheezing, a feeling of tightness in your chest, or shortness of breath. Most times, these symptoms start soon after you stop exercising. Some people may have symptoms after they start exercising. Having asthma symptoms when exercising does not mean a student cannot or should not exercise. Taking part in recess, physical education (PE), and after-school sports is important for all children. And children with asthma should not have to sit on the side lines. School staff and coaches should know your child's asthma triggers, such as: - Cold or dry air. Breathing through the nose or wearing a scarf or mask over the mouth may help. - Polluted air. - Freshly mowed fields or lawns. A student with asthma should warm up before exercising and cool down afterward. Read the student's asthma action plan. Make sure staff members know where it is kept. Discuss the action plan with the parent or guardian. Find out what type of activities the student can do and for how long. Teachers, coaches, and other school staff should know the symptoms of asthma and what to do if a student has an asthma attack. Help the student take the medicines listed in his or her asthma action plan. Encourage the student to participate in PE. To help prevent an asthma attack, modify PE activities. For example, a running program might be set up this way: - Walk the whole distance - Run part of the distance - Alternate running and walking Some exercises may be less likely to trigger asthma symptoms. - Swimming is often a good choice. The warm, moist air may keep symptoms away. - Football, baseball, and other sports that have periods of inactivity are less likely to trigger asthma symptoms. Activities that are more intense and sustained, such as long periods of running, basketball, and soccer, are more likely to trigger asthma symptoms. If an asthma action plan instructs the student to take medicines before exercising, remind the student to do so. These may include short-acting and long-acting medicines. Short-acting, or quick-relief, medicines: - Are taken 10 to 15 minutes before exercise - Can help for up to 4 hours Long-acting inhaled medicines: - Are used at least 30 minutes before exercise - Last up to 12 hours Children can take long-acting medicines before school and they will help for the whole day. Updated by: Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Article on Exercise for Impaired - Overweight - Asthmatics. I just found the site through the article on breathing difficulty. My frustration is, WHAT exercises to do with asthma? Today I walked out of the door of the house to take a walk, a beautiful, cool, blustery, sunny day. Suddenly I couldn't catch my breath, my upper chest felt 'heavy', and I had to go back inside and sit down for a while. I'm no exercise weenie, before a couple of bad accidents (car crashes waiting at stop lights!) I used to play softball, volleyball, basketball, even a bit of rugby, I was a dancer and a weight-exerciser, a bicyclist, rollerblader, tree climber. Even today, BP is typically 110-120 over 70-80, heart rate is fine too. Is this just asthma? WHAT exercises can I do, safely? Sure, we ALL get it, exercise is good for us. Just which ones? LOTS of us with asthma would love help here. Thanks.

Response: Asthma (Symptoms): Most people with asthma have attacks separated by symptom-free periods. Some people have long-term shortness of breath with episodes of increased shortness of breath. Either wheezing or a cough may be the main symptom. Asthma attacks can last for minutes to days. Attacks can become dangerous if airflow is severely blocked. Symptoms of asthma include: - Cough with or without sputum (phlegm) production - Pulling in of the skin between the ribs when breathing (intercostal retractions) - Shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity - Wheezing Emergency symptoms that need prompt medical help include: - Bluish color to the lips and face - Decreased level of alertness, such as severe drowsiness or confusion, during an asthma attack - Extreme difficulty breathing - Rapid pulse - Severe anxiety due to shortness of breath - Sweating Other symptoms that may occur: - Abnormal breathing pattern -- breathing out takes more than twice as long as breathing in - Breathing temporarily stops - Chest pain - Tightness in the chest. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Article on Exercise for Impaired - Overweight - Asthmatics. I just found the site through the article on breathing difficulty. My frustration is, WHAT exercises to do with asthma? Today I walked out of the door of the house to take a walk, a beautiful, cool, blustery, sunny day. Suddenly I couldn't catch my breath, my upper chest felt 'heavy', and I had to go back inside and sit down for a while. I'm no exercise weenie, before a couple of bad accidents (car crashes waiting at stop lights!) I used to play softball, volleyball, basketball, even a bit of rugby, I was a dancer and a weight-exerciser, a bicyclist, rollerblader, tree climber. Even today, BP is typically 110-120 over 70-80, heart rate is fine too. Is this just asthma? WHAT exercises can I do, safely? Sure, we ALL get it, exercise is good for us. Just which ones? LOTS of us with asthma would love help here. Thanks.

Response: Asthma attack (Treatment): If you and your doctor have worked out an asthma plan, follow its directions at the first sign of an asthma attack. This generally means taking two to six puffs of a quick-acting (rescue) inhaler to get airway-expanding medication, such as albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA, others), deep into your lungs. Small children and those who have trouble with inhalers can use a nebulizer. After 20 minutes, you can repeat the treatment one time if necessary. For an asthma attack with severe symptoms, such as difficulty speaking because you're so short of breath, start with the same initial step of using quick-acting medication - but instead of waiting for the drug to work, get to a doctor's office or urgent care immediately. Same-day medical care is also warranted if you continue to wheeze and feel at all breathless after initial treatment. Your doctor may recommend that you continue to use quick-acting medication every three to four hours for a day or two after the attack. You might also need to take oral corticosteroid medication for a short time. Emergency treatment If you go to the emergency room for an asthma attack in progress, you'll need medications to get your asthma under immediate control. These can include: - Short-acting beta agonists, such as albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA, others). These are the same medications as those in your quick-acting (rescue) inhaler. You may need to use a machine called a nebulizer, which turns the medication into a mist that can be inhaled deep into your lungs. - Oral corticosteroids. Taken in pill form, these medications help reduce lung inflammation and get your asthma symptoms under control. Corticosteroids can also be given intravenously, typically to patients who are vomiting or under respiratory failure. - Ipratropium (Atrovent). Ipratropium is sometimes used as a bronchodilator to treat a severe asthma attack, especially if albuterol is not fully effective. - Intubation, mechanical ventilation and oxygen. If your asthma attack is life-threatening, your doctor may put a breathing tube down your throat into your upper airway. Using a machine that pumps oxygen into your lungs will help you breathe while your doctor gives you medications to bring your asthma under control. After your asthma symptoms improve, your doctor may want you to stay in the emergency room for a few hours or longer to make sure you don't have another asthma attack. When your doctor feels your asthma is sufficiently under control, you'll be able to go home. Your doctor will give you instructions on what to do if you have another asthma attack. If your asthma symptoms don't improve after emergency treatment, your doctor may admit you to the hospital and give you medications every hour or every few hours. If you're having severe asthma symptoms, you may need to breathe oxygen through a mask. In some cases, a severe, persistent asthma attack requires a stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: hi. I can't find this I take Ambien every night for sleep. I want to no how long before I go to bed am I supposed to take it.

Response: Can't sleep? Try these tips: Everyone has trouble sleeping some of the time. But if it happens often, lack of sleep can affect your health and make it hard to get through the day. Learn lifestyle tips that can help you get the rest you need. Some people have trouble falling asleep. Others wake up in the middle of the night and cannot get back to sleep. You can change your habits and your home to make sleep less fleeting. Stick to a sleep schedule: - Go to bed and get up at the same time. Going to sleep at the same time every night trains your body and brain to wind down and get ready for slumber. - Get up if you cannot sleep. If you lay awake for 15 minutes, get out of bed and go to another part of the house. This way your bed is less likely to become a place of stress. - Do something quiet and relaxing like read a book. This can also help take your mind of the fact that you are not sleeping. When you feel drowsy, return to bed. Make your bedroom comfortable: - Get a comfortable mattress. If your mattress is lumpy, too soft, or too hard, it will be hard to get comfortable enough for sleep. - Keep it cool. Your body temperature goes down when you sleep. Make sure your bedroom is cool enough but not so cool that you wake up cold. Experiment with the thermostat and blankets to find what temperature works for you. - Control the light. Light from the street, a TV, or the next room can make it hard to stay asleep. Use curtains and doors to make your room dark so you can sleep. You can also try using a sleep mask. - Control sounds. Make your room as quiet as you can. You might use a fan, soft music, or sound machine to create white noise you can sleep to. - Hide the clock. Watching the hours tick by can stress you out. Turn the clock so you cannot see it from your pillow. - Put away electronics. Silence any device that reminds you of emails you need to send or things you need to do. You will be better off doing those things after a good night's sleep. Practice Relaxation Try different ways to relax. Find what works for you. Such as: - Drink something warm and non-caffeinated like warm milk or herbal tea. - Take a warm shower or bath. - Read a book or magazine. - Listen to soft music or an audiobook. - Count backward from 300 by 3. - Meditate. - Starting at your feet and working your way up to your head, tense each group of muscles for a second or two and then relax them. - Do belly breathing. Put your hand on your belly. Take a breath in, letting it push your hand out as your belly rises. Your chest should not move. Hold it for a count of 5, release for a count of 5. Repeat. Live for Good Sleep Things you do during the day can affect how well you sleep at night. You should: - Limit evening activities. When you are on the run, your day may not end until late evening. Try to limit evening plans to a few nights a week. Give yourself time for a soothing bedtime ritual to help prepare you for sleep, such as a warm bath or reading in bed. - Exercise. Regular exercise will help you sleep better. Just be sure you plan your workout right. Overtraining or exercising less than 3 hours before bedtime can make you toss and turn. - Limit naps. If you are having trouble sleeping, cut out the catnaps. You will sleep better at night. - Limit caffeine. It might be a helpful pick-up in the morning, but you may go to bed wired if you drink coffee, tea, or caffeinated sodas in the afternoon or evening. - Limit alcohol. It may help you get to sleep at first, but alcohol keeps you from deep, restoring sleep later at night. - Kick the habit. Need another reason to quit smoking? The nicotine in cigarettes can disrupt sleep. - Eat smart. Avoid heavy meals before bedtime. Try to eat 2 or 3 hours before bedtime. If you feel hungry right before you go to bed, have a small, healthy snack like a small bowl of yogurt or low sugar cereal. Call your health care provider if lack of sleep is interfering with your daily activities. Updated by: Laura J. Martin, MD, MPH, ABIM Board Certified in Internal Medicine and Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: hi. I can't find this I take Ambien every night for sleep. I want to no how long before I go to bed am I supposed to take it.

Response: Day to day with COPD (Sleep): A good night's sleep can make you feel better and keep you healthier. But when you have COPD, certain things make it harder to get enough rest: - You might wake up short of breath or coughing. - Some COPD medicines make it hard to sleep. - You might have to take a dose of medicine in the middle of the night. Here are some safe ways to sleep better: - Let your provider know you are having trouble sleeping. A change in your treatment might help you sleep. - Go to bed at the same time every night. - Do something to relax before you go to bed. You might take a bath or read a book. - Use window shades to block outside light. - Ask your family to help keep the house quiet when it is time for you to sleep. - DO NOT use over-the-counter sleep aids. They can make it harder to breathe. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: hi. I can't find this I take Ambien every night for sleep. I want to no how long before I go to bed am I supposed to take it.

Response: Timing of breastfeeding (Nursing at Night): You may find that keeping your baby in the same room with you, or in a room close by, helps you rest better. You can use a baby monitor so you can hear your baby cry. - Some mothers like their babies to sleep next to them in a bassinet. They can nurse in bed and return the baby to the bassinet. - Other mothers prefer their baby to sleep in a separate bedroom. They nurse in a chair and return the baby to the crib. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that you not sleep with your baby. - Return the baby to the crib or bassinet when breastfeeding is done. - DO NOT bring your baby into bed if you are very tired or taking medicine that makes you really sleepy. Expect your baby to nurse a lot at night when you go back to work. Breastfeeding at night is ok for your baby's teeth. - If your baby is drinking sugary drinks and breastfeeding, your baby may have problems with tooth decay. DO NOT give your baby sugary drinks, especially close to sleep time. - Formula feeding at night can cause tooth decay. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: bundle blockage. could you please tell me what a bundle blockage is. what are the symptoms. what is usually done for this? Thank you

Response: Bundle branch block (Symptoms): In most people, bundle branch block doesn't cause any symptoms. Sometimes, people with the condition don't even know they have a bundle branch block. For those people who do have signs and symptoms, they may include: - Fainting (syncope) - Feeling as if you're going to faint (presyncope) When to see a doctor If you've fainted, see your doctor to rule out any serious, underlying causes. If you have heart disease, or if your doctor has already diagnosed you as having bundle branch block, ask your doctor how often you should have follow-up visits. You might want to carry a medical alert card that identifies you as having bundle branch block in case you're seen in an emergency by a doctor who isn't familiar with your medical history. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.