Instruction: Glimepiride Storage & Alloweable Excursion Data. Can you please provide Glimepiride storage & allowable temperature excursion data, specifically for pharmacy and warehouse storage

Response: Lipid Storage Diseases: Lipid storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders in which harmful amounts of fatty materials (lipids) accumulate in various tissues and cells in the body. Lipids are important parts of the membranes found within and between each cell and in the myelin sheath that coats and protects the nerves. Over time, this excessive storage of fats can cause permanent cellular and tissue damage, particularly in the brain, peripheral nervous system, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Lipid storage diseases are inherited from one or both parents who carry a defective gene. Symptoms may appear early in life or develop in the teen or even adult years. Neurological complications of the lipid storage diseases may include lack of muscle coordination, brain degeneration, seizures, loss of muscle tone, learning problems, spasticity, feeding and swallowing difficulties, slurred speech, hypersensitivity to touch, pain in the arms and legs, and clouding of the cornea. Currently there is no specific treatment available for most of the lipid storage dThe prognosis for a lipid storage disorder is determined by the type of disease, the age of onset, and the severity of symptoms. Children treated for some forms of Gaucher disease may live well into adulthood, while children with Niemann-Pick disease often die at a young age from infection or progressive neurological loss. Children with Fabry disease often die prematurely of complications from heart disease, renal failure, or stroke. Most children with Farber’s disease die by age 2, usually from lung disease. Children with Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases often die at an early age from recurring or respiratory infection. The prognosis for a lipid storage disorder is determined by the type of disease, the age of onset, and the severity of symptoms. Children treated for some forms of Gaucher disease may live well into adulthood, while children with Niemann-Pick disease often die at a young age from infection or progressive neurological loss. Children with Fabry disease often die prematurely of complications from heart disease, renal failure, or stroke. Most children with Farber’s disease die by age 2, usually from lung disease. Children with Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases often die at an early age from recurring or respiratory infection. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: about uveitis. IS THE UVEITIS, AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE?

Response: Facts About Uveitis (What Causes Uveitis?): Uveitis is caused by inflammatory responses inside the eye. Inflammation is the body’s natural response to tissue damage, germs, or toxins. It produces swelling, redness, heat, and destroys tissues as certain white blood cells rush to the affected part of the body to contain or eliminate the insult. Uveitis may be caused by: - An attack from the body’s own immune system (autoimmunity). - Infections or tumors occurring within the eye or in other parts of the body. - Bruises to the eye. - Toxins that may penetrate the eye. The disease will cause symptoms, such as decreased vision, pain, light sensitivity, and increased floaters. In many cases the cause is unknown. Uveitis is usually classified by where it occurs in the eye. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: about uveitis. IS THE UVEITIS, AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE?

Response: Uveitis: Uveitis is swelling and irritation of the uvea. The uvea is the middle layer of the eye. The uvea provides most of the blood supply to the retina. Uveitis can be caused by autoimmune disorders. These diseases occur when the body's immune system attacks and destroys healthy body tissue by mistake. Examples are: - Ankylosing spondylitis - Psoriasis - Reactive arthritis - Rheumatoid arthritis - Sarcoidosis - Ulcerative colitis Uveitis can also be caused by infections such as: - AIDS - Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis - Herpes zoster infection - Histoplasmosis - Kawasaki disease - Syphilis - Toxoplasmosis - Tuberculosis Exposure to toxins or injury can also cause uveitis. In many cases, the cause is unknown. The most common form of uveitis involves inflammation the front part of the eye. It is often called iritis because it most often only affects the iris. The iris is the colored part of the eye. In most cases, it occurs in healthy people. The disorder may affect only one eye. It is most common in young and middle-aged people. Posterior uveitis affects the back part of the eye. It involves primarily the choroid. This is the layer of blood vessels and connective tissue in the middle layer of the eye. This type of uveitis is called choroiditis. If the retina is also involved, it is called chorioretinitis. Another form of uveitis is pars planitis. Changes involve the narrowed area (pars plana) between the colored part of the eye (iris) and the choroid. Pars planitis most often occurs in young men. It is generally not associated with any other disease. However, it may be linked to Crohn disease and possibly multiple sclerosis. Uveitis can affect one or both eyes. Symptoms may develop rapidly and can include: - Blurred vision - Dark, floating spots in the vision - Eye pain - Redness of the eye - Sensitivity to light The health care provider will take a complete medical history and do an eye exam. Lab tests may be done to rule out infection or a weak immune system. If you are over age 25 and have pars planitis, your provider will suggest a brain and spine MRI. This will rule out multiple sclerosis. Iritis (anterior uveitis) is most often mild. Treatment may involve: - Dark glasses - Eye drops that dilate the pupil to relieve pain - Steroid eye drops Pars planitis is often treated with steroid eye drops. Other medicines, including steroids taken by mouth, may be used to help suppress the immune system. Posterior uveitis treatment depends on the underlying cause. It almost always includes steroids taken by mouth. If the uveitis is caused by a body-wide (systemic) infection, you may be given antibiotics. You may also be given powerful anti-inflammatory medicines called corticosteroids. With proper treatment, most attacks of anterior uveitis go away in a few days to weeks. However, the problem often returns. Posterior uveitis may last from months to years. It may cause permanent vision damage, even with treatment. Complications may include: - Cataracts - Fluid within the retina - Glaucoma - Irregular pupil - Retinal detachment - Vision loss Symptoms that need urgent medical care are: - Eye pain - Reduced vision If you have a body-wide (systemic) infection or disease, treating the condition will prevent uveitis. Updated by: Franklin W. Lusby, MD, ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: achalasia. after surgery for achalasia, will spasms continue in the upper chest area and if so what can assist in ending spasms

Response: Idiopathic achalasia (Treatment): The aim of treatment is to reduce the pressure at the lower esophageal sphincter. Therapy may involve: [4] [6] [5] Injection with botulinum toxin (Botox) to help relax the sphincter muscles (used as a temporary fix) Medications, such as long-acting nitrates (i.e. isosorbide dinitrate) or calcium channel blockers (i.e. nifedipine), to relax the lower esophagus sphincter Surgery (Heller myotomy) to decrease the pressure in the lower sphincter Pneumatic balloon dilation of the esophagus at the location of the narrowing (done during esophagogastroduodenoscopy) You can learn more about these treatment options by clicking on the following links: eMedicine Esophageal Motility Disorders Merck Manuals Motility Disorders A doctor should help to determine the best treatment for each individual situation. [4]. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: achalasia. after surgery for achalasia, will spasms continue in the upper chest area and if so what can assist in ending spasms

Response: Achalasia (Treatment): Achalasia treatment focuses on relaxing or forcing open the lower esophageal sphincter so that food and liquid can move more easily through your digestive tract. Specific treatment depends on your age and the severity of the condition. Nonsurgical treatment Nonsurgical options include: - Pneumatic dilation. A balloon is inserted into the esophageal sphincter and inflated to enlarge the opening. This outpatient procedure may need to be repeated if the esophageal sphincter doesn't stay open. Nearly one-third of people treated with balloon dilation need repeat treatment within six years. - Botox (botulinum toxin type A). This muscle relaxant can be injected directly into the esophageal sphincter with an endoscope. The injections may need to be repeated, and repeat injections may make it more difficult to perform surgery later if needed. Botox is generally recommended only for people who aren't good candidates for pneumatic dilation or surgery due to age or overall health. - Medication. Your doctor might suggest muscle relaxants such as nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) or nifedipine (Procardia) before eating. These medications have limited treatment effect and severe side effects. Medications are generally considered only if you're not a candidate for pneumatic dilation or surgery, and Botox hasn't helped. Surgery Surgery may be recommended for younger people because nonsurgical treatment tends to be less effective in this group. Surgical options include: - Heller myotomy. The surgeon cuts the muscle at the lower end of the esophageal sphincter to allow food to pass more easily into the stomach. The procedure can be done noninvasively (laparoscopic Heller myotomy). People who have a Heller myotomy may later develop gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). - Fundoplication. The surgeon wraps the top of your stomach around the lower esophageal sphincter, to tighten the muscle and prevent acid reflux. Fundoplication might be performed at the same time as Heller myotomy, to avoid future problems with acid reflux. Fundoplication is usually done with a minimally invasive (laparoscopic) procedure. - Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). The surgeon uses an endoscope inserted through your mouth and down your throat to create an incision in the inside lining of your esophagus. Then, as in a Heller myotomy, the surgeon cuts the muscle at the lower end of the esophageal sphincter. POEM doesn't include an anti-reflux procedure. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: achalasia. after surgery for achalasia, will spasms continue in the upper chest area and if so what can assist in ending spasms

Response: Idiopathic achalasia: Achalasia is a disorder of the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. It is characterized by enlargement of the esophagus, impaired ability of the esophagus to push food down toward the stomach (peristalsis), and failure of the ring-shaped muscle at the bottom of the esophagus (the lower esophageal sphincter) to relax. [1] Achalasia is typically diagnosed in individuals between 25 and 60 years of age. The exact etiology is unknown, however, symptoms are caused by damage to the nerves of the esophagus. [2] Familial studies have shown evidence of a potential genetic influence. When a genetic influence is suspected, achalasia is called familial esophageal achalasia. Treatment is aimed at reducing the pressure at the lower esophageal sphincter and may include Botox, medications, or surgery. [3] Most people with achalasia experience difficulty swallowing, also known as dysphagia and heartburn. Other symptoms might include: regurgitation or vomiting, noncardiac chest pain, odynophagia (painful swallowing), and pain in the upper central region of the abdomen. Non esophageal symptoms might include: coughing or asthma, chronic aspiration (breathing a foreign object such as food into the airway), hoarseness or sore throat, and unintentional weight loss. [3] The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) provides the following list of features that have been reported in people with this condition. Much of the information in the HPO comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. If available, the list includes a rough estimate of how common a feature is (its frequency). Frequencies are based on a specific study and may not be representative of all studies. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary for definitions of the terms below. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Achalasia Very frequent The lower esophageal sphincter, the ring-shaped muscle at the bottom of the esophagus, normally relaxes during swallowing. In people with achalasia, this muscle ring does not relax as well. [4] The reason for this problem is damage to the nerves of the esophagus. [4] [5] In some people, this problem appears to be inherited . [4] There is additionally a suspected autoimmune component involved in the development of achalasia as individuals with achalasia are more likely to have a concomitant autoimmune disease than the general population. [3] Achalasia is suspected in individuals with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and in instances where regurgitation symptoms are not responsive to protein pump inhibitor medication. The diagnosis of achalasia is confirmed by manometry (test that measures how well the esophagus is working); however, other tests such as upper endoscopy and upper GI X-ray can additionally be useful. [4] [2] The aim of treatment is to reduce the pressure at the lower esophageal sphincter. Therapy may involve: [4] [6] [5] Injection with botulinum toxin (Botox) to help relax the sphincter muscles (used as a temporary fix) Medications, such as long-acting nitrates (i.e. isosorbide dinitrate) or calcium channel blockers (i.e. nifedipine), to relax the lower esophagus sphincter Surgery (Heller myotomy) to decrease the pressure in the lower sphincter Pneumatic balloon dilation of the esophagus at the location of the narrowing (done during esophagogastroduodenoscopy) You can learn more about these treatment options by clicking on the following links: eMedicine Esophageal Motility Disorders Merck Manuals Motility Disorders A doctor should help to determine the best treatment for each individual situation. [4] Although there is no cure for achalasia, treatment options are estimated to be effective in 90% of cases. Without treatment, individuals with achalasia develop progressive dilation of the esophagus. This then leads to late or end-stage achalasia, characterized by esophageal tortuosity (twisting and turning), angulation, and severe dilation. Approximately 10-15% of individuals who have undergone treatment will progress to late or end-stage achalasia. Treatment for late or end-stage achalasia is typically esophagectomy (surgery to remove all or part of the esophagus). [2] [7]. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Ankle injury. I got hurt in my left leg ankle almost 5 months ago. I went to doctor, got x-ray, where no damage was found. He suggested me some pain killers and advised me to wear anklet. I have been following the instruction since then; I went to another doctor who advised me to go for physiotherapy (Short Wave Diathermy) and advised me some exercises. I have been following them too. But yet now, I have not been fully recovered from the pain. Especially when I try to walk quickly or try to put pressure with my left leg, I feel pain. I am very tensed about this. Can you please suggest me how to overcome the pain. Thanks.

Response: Ankle pain: Ankle pain involves any discomfort in one or both ankles. Ankle pain is often due to an ankle sprain. - An ankle sprain is an injury to the ligaments, which connect bones to one another. - In most cases, the ankle is twisted inward, causing small tears in the ligaments. The tearing leads to swelling and bruising, making it difficult to bear weight on the joint. In addition to ankle sprains, ankle pain can be caused by: - Damage or swelling of tendons (which join muscles to bone) or cartilage (which cushions joints) - Infection in the ankle joint - Osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, Reiter syndrome, and other types of arthritis Problems in areas near the ankle that can cause you to feel pain in the ankle include: - Blockage of blood vessels in the leg - Heel pain or injuries - Nerve injuries (such as tarsal tunnel syndrome or sciatica) Home care for ankle pain depends on the cause and what other treatment or surgery has taken place. You may be asked to: - Rest your ankle for several days. Try to NOT put much weight on your ankle. - Put on an ACE bandage. You also can buy a brace that supports your ankle. - Use crutches or a cane to help take the weight off a sore or unsteady ankle. - Keep your foot raised above the level of your heart. When you are sitting or sleeping, place two pillows under your ankle. - Ice the area right away. Apply ice for 10 to 15 minutes every hour for the first day. Then, apply ice every 3 to 4 hours for 2 more days. - Try acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or other pain relievers made by the store. As the swelling and pain improve, you may still need to keep extra weight stress off your ankle for a period of time. The injury may take a few weeks to many months to fully heal. Once the pain and swelling are mostly gone, the injured ankle will still be a little weaker and less stable than the uninjured ankle. - You will need to start exercises to strengthen your ankle and avoid injury in the future. - DO NOT begin these exercises until a health care professional tells you it is safe to start. - You will also need to work on your balance and agility. Other advice your health care provider may give you include: - Lose weight if you are overweight. Extra weight puts strain on your ankles. - Warm up before exercising. Stretch the muscles and tendons that support the ankle. - Avoid sports and activities for which you are not properly conditioned. - Make sure that shoes fit you properly. Avoid high-heeled shoes. - If you are prone to ankle pain or twisting your ankle during certain activities, use ankle support braces. These include air casts, ACE bandages, or lace-up ankle supports. - Work on your balance and do agility exercises. Go to the hospital if: - You have severe pain even when you are NOT bearing weight. - You suspect a broken bone (the joint looks deformed and you cannot put any weight on the leg). - You can hear a popping sound and have immediate pain of the joint. - You can't move your ankle back and forth. Call your provider if: - Swelling does not go down within 2 to 3 days. - You have symptoms of infection. The area becomes red, more painful, or warm, or you have a fever over 100°F (37.7°C). - The pain does not go away after several weeks. - Other joints are also involved. - You have a history of arthritis and are having new symptoms. Updated by: C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Professor, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Francisco, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Ankle injury. I got hurt in my left leg ankle almost 5 months ago. I went to doctor, got x-ray, where no damage was found. He suggested me some pain killers and advised me to wear anklet. I have been following the instruction since then; I went to another doctor who advised me to go for physiotherapy (Short Wave Diathermy) and advised me some exercises. I have been following them too. But yet now, I have not been fully recovered from the pain. Especially when I try to walk quickly or try to put pressure with my left leg, I feel pain. I am very tensed about this. Can you please suggest me how to overcome the pain. Thanks.

Response: Ankle pain (When to Contact a Medical Professional): Go to the hospital if: - You have severe pain even when you are NOT bearing weight. - You suspect a broken bone (the joint looks deformed and you cannot put any weight on the leg). - You can hear a popping sound and have immediate pain of the joint. - You can't move your ankle back and forth. Call your provider if: - Swelling does not go down within 2 to 3 days. - You have symptoms of infection. The area becomes red, more painful, or warm, or you have a fever over 100°F (37.7°C). - The pain does not go away after several weeks. - Other joints are also involved. - You have a history of arthritis and are having new symptoms. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Ankle injury. I got hurt in my left leg ankle almost 5 months ago. I went to doctor, got x-ray, where no damage was found. He suggested me some pain killers and advised me to wear anklet. I have been following the instruction since then; I went to another doctor who advised me to go for physiotherapy (Short Wave Diathermy) and advised me some exercises. I have been following them too. But yet now, I have not been fully recovered from the pain. Especially when I try to walk quickly or try to put pressure with my left leg, I feel pain. I am very tensed about this. Can you please suggest me how to overcome the pain. Thanks.

Response: Heel pain (What to Expect at Your Office Visit): Your provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history and symptoms, such as: - Have you had this type of heel pain before? - When did your pain begin? - Do you have pain upon your first steps in the morning or after your first steps after rest? - Is the pain dull and aching or sharp and stabbing? - Is it worse after exercise? - Is it worse when standing? - Did you fall or twist your ankle recently? - Are you a runner? If so, how far and how often do you run? - Do you walk or stand for long periods of time? - What kind of shoes do you wear? - Do you have any other symptoms? Your provider may order a foot x-ray. You may need to see a physical therapist to learn exercises to stretch and strengthen your foot. Your provider may recommend a night splint to help stretch your foot. At times, further imaging, like CT scan or MRI may be needed. Surgery may be recommended in some cases. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Body Lice. How do I get rid of these little devils? Me and My mom have tried so many things to get rid of these bugs and they just don't go away were the family that takes 2 showers and now about 3 showers a day we never understood how they could have infected us but I was just wondering is washing our clothes the best bet to get rid of these things, because apparently it hasn't worked for us. So is there any suggestions?

Response: Body lice (Treatment): Body lice are primarily treated by thoroughly washing yourself and any contaminated items with soap and hot water. Dry cleaning and ironing clothing that cannot be washed is also effective. If these measures don't work, you can try using an over-the-counter lotion or shampoo - such as Nix or Rid. If that still doesn't work, your doctor can provide a prescription lotion. Lice-killing products can be toxic to humans, so follow the directions carefully. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Body Lice. How do I get rid of these little devils? Me and My mom have tried so many things to get rid of these bugs and they just don't go away were the family that takes 2 showers and now about 3 showers a day we never understood how they could have infected us but I was just wondering is washing our clothes the best bet to get rid of these things, because apparently it hasn't worked for us. So is there any suggestions?

Response: Body lice: Body lice are tiny insects, about the size of a sesame seed. Body lice live in your clothing and bedding and travel to your skin several times a day to feed on blood. The most common sites for bites are around the neck, shoulders, armpits, waist and groin - places where clothing seams are most likely to touch skin. Body lice are most common in crowded and unhygienic living conditions, such as refugee camps and shelters for the homeless. Body lice bites can spread certain types of diseases and can even cause epidemics. Clothing and bedding that have been infested with body lice should be laundered in hot, soapy water and machine dried using the hot cycle. Body lice bites can cause intense itching, and you may notice small areas of blood and crust on your skin at the site of the bite marks. See your doctor if improved hygiene doesn't eliminate the infestation, or if you develop a skin infection from scratching the bites. Body lice are similar to head lice, but have different habits. While head lice live in your hair and feed on your scalp, body lice typically live in your clothes and bedding. They travel to your skin several times a day to feed on blood. The seams of your clothing are the most common places for body lice to lay their eggs (nits). You can become infested with body lice if you come into close contact with a person who has body lice, or with clothing or bedding that is infested with body lice. People who are at higher risk of body lice tend to live in crowded, unclean conditions. They include: - War refugees - Homeless people - Victims of natural disasters Dogs, cats and other pets do not spread body lice. Body lice infestations usually cause minimal problems. However, a body lice infestation sometimes leads to complications such as: - Secondary infections. When body lice scratch and dig to feed on your blood, they may irritate your skin. If you scratch to alleviate itching, this also can irritate your skin. If your skin becomes raw from these irritations, other infections may develop. - Skin changes. If you're infested with body lice for a long time, you may experience skin changes such as thickening and discoloration - particularly around your waist, groin or upper thighs. - Spread of disease. Body lice can carry and spread some bacterial diseases, such as typhus, relapsing fever or trench fever. You or your doctor can usually confirm a body lice infestation through a visual examination of your body and clothing items. The presence of eggs and moving lice confirms infestation. Body lice are primarily treated by thoroughly washing yourself and any contaminated items with soap and hot water. Dry cleaning and ironing clothing that cannot be washed is also effective. If these measures don't work, you can try using an over-the-counter lotion or shampoo - such as Nix or Rid. If that still doesn't work, your doctor can provide a prescription lotion. Lice-killing products can be toxic to humans, so follow the directions carefully. You can usually get rid of body lice by cleaning yourself and any personal belongings that may be contaminated. Wash infested bedding, clothing and towels with hot, soapy water - at least 130 F (54 C) - and machine dry them on high heat for at least 20 minutes. Clothing that can't be washed may be dry cleaned and ironed. Items that can't be washed should be sealed in a plastic bag and stored in a warm area for two weeks. Mattresses, couches and other upholstered furniture items should be hot ironed or sprayed with lice-killing products to eliminate eggs from seams. Exposure to infested items should be avoided for two weeks. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Body Lice. How do I get rid of these little devils? Me and My mom have tried so many things to get rid of these bugs and they just don't go away were the family that takes 2 showers and now about 3 showers a day we never understood how they could have infected us but I was just wondering is washing our clothes the best bet to get rid of these things, because apparently it hasn't worked for us. So is there any suggestions?

Response: Body lice (Lifestyle and home remedies): You can usually get rid of body lice by cleaning yourself and any personal belongings that may be contaminated. Wash infested bedding, clothing and towels with hot, soapy water - at least 130 F (54 C) - and machine dry them on high heat for at least 20 minutes. Clothing that can't be washed may be dry cleaned and ironed. Items that can't be washed should be sealed in a plastic bag and stored in a warm area for two weeks. Mattresses, couches and other upholstered furniture items should be hot ironed or sprayed with lice-killing products to eliminate eggs from seams. Exposure to infested items should be avoided for two weeks. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: burn to my wrist. Hello I burnt my wrist 2 days ago and after last night ive woken up with a swollen had its really noticeable to other people but I ca feel the skin has gone tight when I put it against the other hand you can see its bigger what should I do about this?

Response: Burns (When to Contact a Medical Professional): Call 911 or your local emergency number if: - The burn is very large, about the size of your palm or larger. - The burn is severe (third degree). - You aren't sure how serious it is. - The burn is caused by chemicals or electricity. - The person shows signs of shock. - The person breathed in smoke. - Physical abuse is the known or suspected cause of the burn. - There are other symptoms associated with the burn. For minor burns, call your health care provider if you still have pain after 48 hours. Call a provider right away if signs of infection develop. These signs include: - Drainage or pus from the burned skin - Fever - Increased pain - Red streaks spreading from the burn - Swollen lymph nodes Also call a provider right away if symptoms of dehydration occur with a burn: - Decreased urination - Dizziness - Dry skin - Headache - Lightheadedness - Nausea (with or without vomiting) - Thirst Children, older people, and anyone with a weakened immune system (for example, from HIV) should be seen right away. The provider will perform a history and physical examination. Tests and procedures will be done as needed. These may include: - Airway and breathing support, including a face mask, tube through the mouth into the trachea, or breathing machine (ventilator) for serious burns or those involving the face or airway - Blood and urine tests if shock or other complications are present - Chest x-ray for face or airway burns - EKG (electrocardiogram, or heart tracing), if shock or other complications are present - Intravenous fluids (fluids through a vein), if shock or other complications are present - Medicines for pain relief and to prevent infection - Ointments or creams applied to the burned areas - Tetanus immunization, if not up to date The outcome will depend on the type (degree), extent, and location of the burn. It also depends upon whether internal organs have been affected, and if other trauma has occurred. Burns can leave permanent scars. They can also be more sensitive to temperature and light than normal skin. Sensitive areas, such as the eyes, nose, or ears, may be badly injured and have lost normal function. With airway burns, the person may have less breathing capacity and permanent lung damage. Severe burns that affect the joints may result in contractures, leaving the joint with decreased movement and a reduction in function. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: burn to my wrist. Hello I burnt my wrist 2 days ago and after last night ive woken up with a swollen had its really noticeable to other people but I ca feel the skin has gone tight when I put it against the other hand you can see its bigger what should I do about this?

Response: Burns (First Aid): Before giving first aid, it is important to determine what type of burn the person has. If you are not sure, treat it as a major burn. Serious burns need medical care right away. Call your local emergency number or 911. MINOR BURNS If the skin is unbroken: - Run cool water over the area of the burn or soak it in a cool water bath (not ice water). Keep the area under water for at least 5 minutes. A clean, cold, wet towel will help reduce pain. - Calm and reassure the person. - After flushing or soaking the burn, cover it with a dry, sterile bandage or clean dressing. - Protect the burn from pressure and friction. - Over-the-counter ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help relieve pain and swelling. Do NOT give aspirin to children under 12. - Once the skin has cooled, moisturizing lotion also can help. Minor burns will often heal without further treatment. Make sure the person is up to date on their tetanus immunization. MAJOR BURNS If someone is on fire, tell the person to stop, drop, and roll. Then, follow these steps: - Wrap the person in thick material; such as a wool or cotton coat, rug, or blanket. This helps put out the flames. - Pour water on the person. - Call 911 or your local emergency number. - Make sure that the person is no longer touching any burning or smoking materials. - Do NOT remove burned clothing that is stuck to the skin. - Make sure the person is breathing. If necessary, begin rescue breathing and CPR. - Cover the burn area with a dry sterile bandage (if available) or clean cloth. A sheet will do if the burned area is large. Do NOT apply any ointments. Avoid breaking burn blisters. - If fingers or toes have been burned, separate them with dry, sterile, non-sticky bandage. - Raise the body part that is burned above the level of the heart. - Protect the burn area from pressure and friction. - If an electrical injury may have caused the burn, DO NOT touch the victim directly. Use a non-metallic object to move the person away from exposed wires before starting first aid. You will also need to prevent shock. If the person does not have a head, neck, back, or leg injury, follow these steps: - Lay the person flat - Raise the feet about 12 inches (30 centimeters) - Cover the person with a coat or blanket Continue to monitor the person's pulse, rate of breathing, and blood pressure until medical help arrives. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Can a 40 year old get throat cancer.... I have drank a lot of alcohol and lots of drugs. Not very many fruits and vegetables. This year I have gotten strep throat twice and sore throats with ear aches. Antibiotics have taken 4 different kinds this year alone. Raspy voice, very painful when swallowing

Response: Throat or larynx cancer: Throat cancer is cancer of the vocal cords, larynx (voice box), or other areas of the throat. People who smoke or use tobacco are at risk of developing throat cancer. Drinking too much alcohol over a long time also increases risk. Smoking and drinking alcohol combined lead to an increased risk for throat cancer. Most throat cancers develop in adults older than 50. Men are more likely than women to develop throat cancer. Watch this video about: Cancer of the throat or larynx Symptoms of throat cancer include any of the following: - Abnormal (high-pitched) breathing sounds - Cough - Coughing up blood - Difficulty swallowing - Hoarseness that does not get better in 3 to 4 weeks - Neck or ear pain - Sore throat that does not get better in 2 to 3 weeks, even with antibiotics - Swelling or lumps in the neck - Weight loss not due to dieting The health care provider will perform a physical exam. This may show a lump on the outside of the neck. The provider may look in your throat or nose using a flexible tube with a small camera at the end. Other tests that may be ordered include: - Biopsy of suspected tumor - Chest x-ray - CT scan of chest - CT scan of head and neck - MRI of the head or neck - PET scan The goal of treatment is to completely remove the cancer and prevent it from spreading to other parts of the body. When the tumor is small, either surgery or radiation therapy alone can be used to remove the tumor. When the tumor is larger or has spread to lymph nodes in the neck, a combination of radiation and chemotherapy is often used to save the voice box (vocal cords). If this is not possible, the voice box is removed. This surgery is called laryngectomy. You can ease the stress of illness by joining a cancer support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone. Throat cancers may be cured when detected early. If the cancer has spread (metastasized) to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck, about half of patients can be cured. If the cancer has spread to parts of the body outside the head and neck, the cancer is not curable. Treatment is aimed at prolonging and improving quality of life. After treatment, therapy is needed to help with speech and swallowing. If the person is not able to swallow, a feeding tube will be needed. Complications of this type of cancer may include: - Airway obstruction - Difficulty swallowing - Disfigurement of the neck or face - Hardening of the skin of the neck - Loss of voice and speaking ability - Spread of the cancer to other body areas (metastasis) Call your provider if: - You have symptoms of throat cancer, especially hoarseness or a change in voice with no obvious cause that lasts longer than 3 weeks - You find a lump in your neck that does not go away in 3 weeks Do not smoke or use other tobacco. Limit or avoid alcohol use. Updated by: Sumana Jothi, MD, specialist in laryngology, Clinical Instructor UCSF Otolaryngology, NCHCS VA, SFVA, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Can a 40 year old get throat cancer.... I have drank a lot of alcohol and lots of drugs. Not very many fruits and vegetables. This year I have gotten strep throat twice and sore throats with ear aches. Antibiotics have taken 4 different kinds this year alone. Raspy voice, very painful when swallowing

Response: Throat cancer (Symptoms): Signs and symptoms of throat cancer may include: - A cough - Changes in your voice, such as hoarseness or not speaking clearly - Difficulty swallowing - Ear pain - A lump or sore that doesn't heal - A sore throat - Weight loss When to see a doctor Make an appointment with your doctor if you notice any new signs and symptoms that are persistent. Most throat cancer symptoms aren't specific to cancer, so your doctor will likely investigate other more common causes first. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. How can I get Information on Cronic Lymphocytice Leukemia sent to me thru MedlinkPlus or which way you will send them.

Response: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (Summary): Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is cancer of a type of white blood cells called lymphocytes. These cells are found in the bone marrow and other parts of the body. Bone marrow is the soft tissue in the center of bones that helps form all blood cells. CLL causes a slow increase in a certain type of white blood cells called B lymphocytes, or B cells. Cancer cells spread through the blood and bone marrow. CLL can also affect the lymph nodes or other organs such as the liver and spleen. CLL eventually can cause the bone marrow to lose its function. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. How can I get Information on Cronic Lymphocytice Leukemia sent to me thru MedlinkPlus or which way you will send them.

Response: What is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?: Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cells. White blood cells help your body fight infection. Your blood cells form in your bone marrow. In leukemia, the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells. These cells crowd out the healthy blood cells, making it hard for blood to do its work. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), there are too many lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. CLL is the second most common type of leukemia in adults. It often occurs during or after middle age, and is rare in children. Usually CLL does not cause any symptoms. If you have symptoms, they may include - Painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, stomach, or groin - Fatigue - Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs - Fever and infection - Weight loss Tests that examine the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes diagnose CLL. Your doctor may choose to just monitor you until symptoms appear or change. Treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery to remove the spleen, and targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses substances that attack cancer cells without harming normal cells. NIH: National Cancer Institute. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: ClinicalTrials.gov - Compliment. Hi I have retinitis pigmentosa for 3years. Im suffering from this disease. Please intoduce me any way to treat mg eyes such as stem cell ....I am 25 years old and I have only central vision. Please help me. Thank you

Response: Retinitis pigmentosa (Treatment): Available treatments aim to slow the progression of the disease and primarily include light avoidance and the use of low-vision aids. Some practitioners also consider vitamin A as a possible treatment option. However, taking too much vitamin A can be toxic and the effects of vitamin A on the disease appear to be relatively weak. [4] Studies have explored potential treatment with DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid naturally found in fish. While DHA is known to play a structural role in retinal cells , more research is needed to determine whether supplements should be recommended. [2] Current research is focused on the development of new treatments including gene therapy , retinal transplantation, and the use of a retinal prosthesis. Stem cell transplantation would involve the injection and integration of stem cells into the retina, in hopes these cells will replace dead cells and provide the missing enzymes and chemicals needed for sight. Gene therapy could potentially be used when the disease-causing mutation is known and would aim to restore production of the missing or abnormal protein . Studies with retinal prosthetics have tested devices that transform light into electrical signals that can be sent directly to the inner retina and brain, avoiding the diseased part of the outer retina. Though challenges remain, preliminary research into these technologies has been promising. [2] [3] Management Guidelines GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: ClinicalTrials.gov - Compliment. Hi I have retinitis pigmentosa for 3years. Im suffering from this disease. Please intoduce me any way to treat mg eyes such as stem cell ....I am 25 years old and I have only central vision. Please help me. Thank you

Response: Facts About Retinitis Pigmentosa (Are there treatments for RP?): Living with vision loss A number of services and devices are available to help people with vision loss carry out daily activities and maintain their independence. In addition to an eye care professional, itís important to have help from a team of experts, which may include occupational therapists, orientation and mobility specialists, certified low vision therapists, and others. NEI has more information on living with low vision. Children with RP may benefit from low vision aids that maximize existing vision. For example, there are special lenses that magnify central vision to expand visual field and eliminate glare. Computer programs that read text are readily available. Closed circuit televisions with a camera can adjust text to suit oneís vision. Portable lighting devices can adjust a dark or dim environment. Mobility training can teach people to use a cane or a guide dog, and eye scanning techniques can help people to optimize remaining vision. Once a child is diagnosed, he or she will be referred to a low vision specialist for a comprehensive evaluation. Parents may also want to meet with the childís school administrators and teachers to make sure that necessary accommodations are put in place. For parents of children with RP, one challenge is to determine when a child might need to learn to use a cane or a guide dog. Having regular eye examinations to measure the progress of the disorder will help parents make informed decisions regarding low vision services and rehabilitation. Targeted therapies for RP An NEI-sponsored clinical trial found that a daily dose of 15,000 international units of vitamin A palmitate modestly slowed the progression of the disorder in adults. Because there are so many forms of RP, it is difficult to predict how any one patient will respond to this treatment. Talk to an eye care professional to determine if taking vitamin A is right for you or your child. An artificial vision device called the Argus II has also shown promise for restoring some vision to people with late-stage RP. The Argus II, developed by Second Sight with NEI support, is a prosthetic device that functions in place of lost photoreceptor cells. It consists of a light-sensitive electrode that is surgically implanted on the retina. A pair of glasses with a camera wirelessly transmits signals to the electrode that are then relayed to the brain. Although it does not restore normal vision, in clinical studies, the Argus II enabled people with RP to read large letters and navigate environments without the use of a cane or guide dog. In 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted a humanitarian device exemption for use of the Argus II to treat late-stage RP. This means the device has not proven effective, but the FDA has determined that its probable benefits outweigh its risks to health. The Argus II is eligible for Medicare payment. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: ClinicalTrials.gov - General Complaint. Please help me out as to whom to consult for anxiety and depression

Response: Generalized anxiety disorder - self-care (Therapy): Talk therapy takes place with a trained therapist and in a safe place. It helps you learn ways of managing and reducing your anxiety. Some forms of talk therapy can help you understand what causes your anxiety. This allows you to gain better control over it. Many types of talk therapy may be helpful for GAD. One common and effective talk therapy is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT can help you understand the relationship between your thoughts, your behaviors, and your symptoms. Often CBT involves a set number of visits. During CBT you can learn how to: - Understand and gain control of distorted views of stressors, such as other people's behavior or life events. - Recognize and replace panic-causing thoughts to help you feel more in control. - Manage stress and relax when symptoms occur. - Avoid thinking that minor problems will develop into terrible ones. Your provider can discuss talk therapy options with you. Then you can decide together if it is right for you. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information. Please i really need your reply and your help :( My wife has Allergy from all milk products and whenever she drinks or eats any thing contains small amount of any milk products she goes to the hospital. I have faith that there is a cure for that but i really donno what to say to her. She thinks that she will never be cured. So please can you tell me is there is any cure for milk products allergy, any cure? or any cure in the very near future? I will be very very very grateful if you replied, Thanks alot. :)

Response: Food allergy (Treatment): If you suspect that you or your child has a food allergy, see an allergy specialist doctor (allergist). Treatment may involve any of the following: - Avoiding the food (this is the most effective treatment). - Desensitization, during which you eat a small amount of the food each day. This must be done under an allergist's guidance. Other treatments, including allergy shots and probiotics, have not been proven to help with food allergies. If your child has a problem with cow's milk formula, your provider may suggest trying a soy-based formula or something called an elemental formula, if it is available. If you have symptoms on only one area of the body, for example, a hive on the chin after eating the food, you may not need any treatment. The symptoms will likely go away in a brief time. Antihistamines may relieve the discomfort. Soothing skin creams may also provide some relief. If you have been diagnosed with a food allergy, learn how to use injectable epinephrine. You should have it with you at all times. If you develop any type of serious or whole-body reaction (even hives) after eating the food: - Inject the epinephrine. - Then go to the nearest hospital or emergency facility right away, preferably by ambulance. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information. Please i really need your reply and your help :( My wife has Allergy from all milk products and whenever she drinks or eats any thing contains small amount of any milk products she goes to the hospital. I have faith that there is a cure for that but i really donno what to say to her. She thinks that she will never be cured. So please can you tell me is there is any cure for milk products allergy, any cure? or any cure in the very near future? I will be very very very grateful if you replied, Thanks alot. :)

Response: Food allergy (Treatment): The only way to avoid an allergic reaction is to avoid the foods that cause signs and symptoms. However, despite your best efforts, you may come into contact with a food that causes a reaction. For a minor allergic reaction, over-the-counter or prescribed antihistamines may help reduce symptoms. These drugs can be taken after exposure to an allergy-causing food to help relieve itching or hives. However, antihistamines can't treat a severe allergic reaction. For a severe allergic reaction, you may need an emergency injection of epinephrine and a trip to the emergency room. Many people with allergies carry an epinephrine autoinjector (Adrenaclick, EpiPen). This device is a combined syringe and concealed needle that injects a single dose of medication when pressed against your thigh. If your doctor has prescribed an epinephrine autoinjector: - Be sure you know how to use the autoinjector. Also, make sure the people closest to you know how to administer the drug - if they're with you in an anaphylactic emergency, they could save your life. - Carry it with you at all times. It may be a good idea to keep an extra autoinjector in your car or in your desk at work. - Always be sure to replace epinephrine before its expiration date or it may not work properly. Experimental treatments While there's ongoing research to find better treatments to reduce food allergy symptoms and prevent allergy attacks, there isn't any proven treatment that can prevent or completely relieve symptoms. Treatments being studied are: - Anti-IgE therapy. The medication omalizumab (Xolair) interferes with the body's ability to use IgE. The drug is currently being studied for treatment of allergic asthma and food allergies. This treatment is still considered experimental, and more research needs to be done on the drug's long-term safety. It has been associated with a potential increased risk of anaphylaxis. - Oral immunotherapy. Researchers have been studying the use of oral immunotherapy as a treatment for food allergy. Small doses of the food you're allergic to are swallowed or placed under your tongue (sublingual). The dose of the allergy-provoking food is gradually increased. Initial results look promising, even in people with peanut, egg and milk allergies. But more research needs to be done to ensure that this treatment is safe. - Early exposure. In the past, it's been generally recommended that children avoid allergenic foods to reduce the likelihood of developing allergies. But in a recent study, high-risk infants - such as those with atopic dermatitis or egg allergy or both - were selected to either ingest or avoid peanut products from 4 to 11 months of age until 5 years of age. Researchers found that high-risk children who regularly consumed peanut protein, such as peanut butter or peanut-flavored snacks, were 70 to 86 percent less likely to develop a peanut allergy. These findings may impact food allergy guidelines in the future. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information. Please i really need your reply and your help :( My wife has Allergy from all milk products and whenever she drinks or eats any thing contains small amount of any milk products she goes to the hospital. I have faith that there is a cure for that but i really donno what to say to her. She thinks that she will never be cured. So please can you tell me is there is any cure for milk products allergy, any cure? or any cure in the very near future? I will be very very very grateful if you replied, Thanks alot. :)

Response: Penicillin allergy (Treatment): Interventions for a penicillin allergy can be divided into two general strategies: - Treatment for the current allergy symptoms - Desensitization to penicillin Treating current symptoms The following interventions may be used to treat the symptoms of an allergic reaction to penicillin: - Withdrawal of the drug. If your doctor determines that you have a penicillin allergy - or likely allergy - discontinuing the drug is the first step in treatment. - Antihistamines. Your doctor may prescribe an antihistamine or recommend an over-the-counter antihistamine such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) that can block immune system chemicals activated during an allergic reaction. - Corticosteroids. Either oral or injected corticosteroids may be used to treat inflammation associated with more-serious reactions. - Treatment of anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis requires an immediate epinephrine injection as well as hospital care to maintain blood pressure and support breathing. Drug desensitization If there are no other antibiotic treatment options available, your doctor may recommend a treatment called drug desensitization that would enable you to take a course of penicillin to treat an infection. With this treatment, you receive a very small dose and then progressively larger doses every 15 to 30 minutes over the course of several hours or a few days. If you can reach the desired dosage with no reaction, then you can continue the treatment. It's important to take the drug as directed to maintain your tolerance to it during the entire course of treatment. If you need penicillin in the future, you will need to repeat the desensitization treatment. You're carefully monitored during the intervention, and supportive care is available to treat reactions. Desensitization is rarely used if penicillin has caused a severe, life-threatening reaction in the past. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: ClinicalTrials.gov - Suggestion. Please help me with my brother with locked-in syndrome in Martinique for 3 years.Somebody please help. God bless . NAME

Response: Locked-In Syndrome (Treatment): There is no cure for locked-in syndrome, nor is there a standard course of treatment. A therapy called functional neuromuscular stimulation, which uses electrodes to stimulate muscle reflexes, may help activate some paralyzed muscles. Several devices to help communication are available. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: ClinicalTrials.gov - Suggestion. Please help me with my brother with locked-in syndrome in Martinique for 3 years.Somebody please help. God bless . NAME

Response: Locked-In Syndrome (Prognosis): While in rare cases some patients may regain certain functions, the chances for motor recovery are very limited. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: ClinicalTrials.gov - Suggestion. Please help me with my brother with locked-in syndrome in Martinique for 3 years.Somebody please help. God bless . NAME

Response: Locked-In Syndrome (Definition): Locked-in syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by complete paralysis of voluntary muscles in all parts of the body except for those that control eye movement. It may result from traumatic brain injury, diseases of the circulatory system, diseases that destroy the myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells, or medication overdose. Individuals with locked-in syndrome are conscious and can think and reason, but are unable to speak or move. The disorder leaves individuals completely mute and paralyzed. Communication may be possible with blinking eye movements. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: EPI 743. hi My name is NAME My son, His age 4 month discovered it leigh disease infected from the mother side. and we have full family history with the leigh disease. my Daughter she lived for 7 years with the same disease, we have her Hospital reports, it is confirmed leigh Disease. Kindly, if there is any hope for my son with EPI743 treatment, and we are appreciate to accept him in the treatment study. i have a full reports for my son and the MRI. and all of it under your request. Hope get your help ASAP because he is in the first stage. and we have a we are all hope he will be better. Best Regards

Response: Leigh syndrome (Treatment): Treatment of Leigh syndrome is directed toward the specific symptoms present in each person. [6] Supportive care for Leigh syndrome includes treatment of acidosis, seizures , dystonia , and cardiomyopathy , and attention to nutritional status. [4] [3] Because anesthesia can potentially aggravate respiratory symptoms and bring on respiratory failure, careful consideration should be given to its use and close monitoring prior to, during, and after its use. [4] [3] Progression and new symptoms should be monitored regularly (typically every 6-12 months). Evaluations with a neurologist , ophthalmologist , audiologist , and cardiologist are recommended. [4] [3] Specific treatment is possible for the three nuclear gene -encoded Leigh-like syndromes (milder conditions with similar features). These include biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease (BTBGD), biotinidase deficiency, and coenzyme Q10 deficiency caused by mutation of PDSS2. [4] Management Guidelines GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions. Mitochondrial DNA-Associated Leigh Syndrome Nuclear Gene-Encoded Leigh Syndrome. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: EPI 743. hi My name is NAME My son, His age 4 month discovered it leigh disease infected from the mother side. and we have full family history with the leigh disease. my Daughter she lived for 7 years with the same disease, we have her Hospital reports, it is confirmed leigh Disease. Kindly, if there is any hope for my son with EPI743 treatment, and we are appreciate to accept him in the treatment study. i have a full reports for my son and the MRI. and all of it under your request. Hope get your help ASAP because he is in the first stage. and we have a we are all hope he will be better. Best Regards

Response: Mitochondrial DNA-associated Leigh syndrome (Treatment): The resources below provide information about treatment options for this condition. If you have questions about which treatment is right for you, talk to your healthcare professional. Management Guidelines GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: father suffering from IBS. My father is suffering from IBS and is losing weight day by day.sometimes he even faints due to weakness.He cannot digest food .please help us and suggest us upon this problem.

Response: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) (Treatment): Though irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) doesn’t have a cure, your doctor can manage the symptoms with a combination of diet, medicines, probiotics, and therapies for mental health problems. You may have to try a few treatments to see what works best for you. Your doctor can help you find the right treatment plan.Changes in eating, diet, and nutrition, such as following a FODMAP diet, can help treat your symptoms.Your doctor may recommend medicine to relieve your symptoms.Fiber supplements to relieve constipation when increasing fiber in your diet doesn’t help. Laxatives to help with constipation. Laxatives work in different ways, and your doctor can recommend a laxative that’s right for you. Loperamide to reduce diarrhea by slowing the movement of stool through your colon. Loperamide is an antidiarrheal that reduces diarrhea in people with IBS, though it doesn’t reduce pain, bloating, or other symptoms. Antispasmodics, such as hyoscine, cimetropium, and pinaverium, help to control colon muscle spasms and reduce pain in your abdomen. Antidepressants, such as low doses of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, to relieve IBS symptoms, including abdominal pain. In theory, because of their effect on colon transit, tricyclic antidepressants should be better for people with IBS with diarrhea, or IBS-D, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors should be better for people with IBS with constipation, or IBS-C, although studies haven’t confirmed this theory. Tricyclic antidepressants work in people with IBS by reducing their sensitivity to pain in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as well as normalizing their GI motility and secretion. Lubiprostone (Amitiza) for people who have IBS-C to improve abdominal pain or discomfort and constipation symptoms. Linaclotide (Linzess) for people who have IBS-C to relieve abdominal pain and increase how often you have bowel movements. The antibiotic rifaximin to reduce bloating by treating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. However, experts are still debating and researching the use of antibiotics to treat IBS. Coated peppermint oil capsules to reduce IBS symptoms.Follow your doctor’s instructions when you use medicine to treat IBS. Talk with your doctor about possible side effects and what to do if you have them.Some medicines can cause side effects. Ask your doctor and your pharmacist about side effects before taking any medicine. MedlinePlus maintains the latest information about side effects and drug warnings.Your doctor may also recommend probiotics. Probiotics are live microorganisms—tiny organisms that can be seen only with a microscope. These microorganisms, most often bacteria, are like the microorganisms that are normally present in your GI tract. Studies have found that taking large enough amounts of probiotics, specifically Bifidobacteria and certain probiotic combinations, can improve symptoms of IBS. However, researchers are still studying the use of probiotics to treat IBS.You can find probiotics in dietary supplements, such as capsules, tablets, and powders, and in some foods, such as yogurt.Discuss your use of complementary and alternative medical practices, including probiotics and dietary supplements, with your doctor.Psychological therapies may improve your IBS symptoms.Managing StressLearning to reduce stress can help improve IBS. With less stress, you may find you have less cramping and pain. You may also find it easier to manage your symptoms.Some options for managing stress includetaking part in stress reduction and relaxation therapies such as meditation getting counseling and support taking part in regular exercise such as walking or yoga reducing stressful life situations as much as possible getting enough sleepTalk TherapyTalk therapy may reduce stress and improve your IBS symptoms. Two types of talk therapy that health care professionals use to treat IBS are cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic, or interpersonal, therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on your thoughts and actions. Psychodynamic therapy focuses on how your emotions affect your IBS symptoms. This type of therapy often involves relaxation and stress management techniques.Gut-Directed HypnotherapyIn gut-directed hypnotherapy, a therapist uses hypnosis to help you relax the muscles in the colon.Mindfulness TrainingMindfulness training can teach you to focus your attention on sensations occurring at the moment and to avoid catastrophizing, or worrying about the meaning of those sensations. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: father suffering from IBS. My father is suffering from IBS and is losing weight day by day.sometimes he even faints due to weakness.He cannot digest food .please help us and suggest us upon this problem.

Response: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) (How can my diet treat the symptoms of IBS?): Eating smaller meals more often, or eating smaller portions, may help your irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. Large meals can cause cramping and diarrhea if you have IBS.Eating foods that are low in fat and high in carbohydrates, such as pasta, rice, whole-grain breads and cereals, fruits, and vegetables, may help.Fiber may improve constipation symptoms caused by IBS because it makes stool soft and easier to pass. Fiber is a part of foods such as whole-grain breads and cereals, beans, fruits, and vegetables. The U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services state in its Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 (PDF, 2.963 MB) that adults should get 22 to 34 grams of fiber a day.3While fiber may help constipation, it may not reduce the abdominal discomfort or pain of IBS. In fact, some people with IBS may feel a bit more abdominal discomfort after adding more fiber to their diet. Add foods with fiber to your diet a little at a time to let your body get used to them. Too much fiber at once can cause gas, which can trigger symptoms in people with IBS. Adding fiber to your diet slowly, by 2 to 3 grams a day, may help prevent gas and bloating. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Genetic testing. My mother in law is in the last stage if lung cancer and only has days to live. My question is...testing her and comparing her tests with my husbands and his sisters test help to determine if it is genetic? My mother in law and her mother and her mothers sister both had lung cancer and none if them were smokers. I'm real worried about my husband getting lung cancer now and I want find out what we can do to protect him.Thank you

Response: Solitary pulmonary nodule (Exams and Tests): A solitary pulmonary nodule is most often found on a chest x-ray or chest CT scan. These imaging tests are often done for other symptoms or reasons. Your health care provider must decide whether the nodule in your lung is most likely benign or of concern. A nodule more likely benign if: The nodule is small, has a smooth border, and has a solid and even appearance on an x-ray or CT scan. You are young and do not smoke. Your provider may then choose to monitor the nodule over time by repeating a series of x-rays or CT scans. Repeat chest x-rays or chest CT scans are the most common way to monitor the nodule. Sometimes, lung PET scans may be done. If repeated x-rays show that the nodule size has not changed in 2 years, it is most likely benign and a biopsy is not needed. Your provider may choose to biopsy the nodule to rule out cancer if: You are a smoker. You have other symptoms of lung cancer. The nodule has grown in size or has changed when compared to earlier images. A lung needle biopsy may be done by placing a needle directly through the wall of your chest, or during procedures called bronchoscopy or mediastinoscopy. Tests to rule out TB and other infections may also be done. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Hello i would like more info about Familial Mediterean Fever please as my husband suffers from this. THANKS

Response: What is familial Mediterranean fever?: Familial Mediterranean fever is an inherited condition characterized by recurrent episodes of painful inflammation in the abdomen, chest, or joints. These episodes are often accompanied by fever and sometimes a rash or headache. Occasionally inflammation may occur in other parts of the body, such as the heart; the membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord; and in males, the testicles. In about half of affected individuals, attacks are preceded by mild signs and symptoms known as a prodrome. Prodromal symptoms include mildly uncomfortable sensations in the area that will later become inflamed, or more general feelings of discomfort. The first episode of illness in familial Mediterranean fever usually occurs in childhood or the teenage years, but in some cases, the initial attack occurs much later in life. Typically, episodes last 12 to 72 hours and can vary in severity. The length of time between attacks is also variable and can range from days to years. During these periods, affected individuals usually have no signs or symptoms related to the condition. However, without treatment to help prevent attacks and complications, a buildup of protein deposits (amyloidosis) in the body's organs and tissues may occur, especially in the kidneys, which can lead to kidney failure. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Hello i would like more info about Familial Mediterean Fever please as my husband suffers from this. THANKS

Response: Familial Mediterranean fever: Familial Mediterranean fever is an inflammatory disorder that causes recurrent fevers and painful inflammation of your abdomen, lungs and joints. Familial Mediterranean fever is an inherited disorder that usually occurs in people of Mediterranean origin - including Sephardic Jews, Arabs, Greeks, Italians, Armenians and Turks. But it may affect any ethnic group. Familial Mediterranean fever is typically diagnosed during childhood. While there's no cure for this disorder, you may be able to relieve signs and symptoms of familial Mediterranean fever - or even prevent them altogether - by sticking to your treatment plan. Signs and symptoms of familial Mediterranean fever usually begin during childhood. They occur in bouts called attacks that last one to three days. Arthritic attacks may last for weeks or months. Signs and symptoms of familial Mediterranean fever include: - Fever - Abdominal pain - Chest pain - Achy, swollen joints - Constipation followed by diarrhea - A red rash on your legs, especially below your knees - Muscle aches - A swollen, tender scrotum Between attacks, you'll likely feel normal. Symptom-free periods may be as short as a few days or as long as several years. When to see a doctor If you or your child experiences sudden worrisome signs or symptoms, such as shortness of breath or passing out, call 911 or emergency medical help. See your doctor if you or your child has a sudden fever accompanied by pain in the abdomen, chest and joints. Familial Mediterranean fever is caused by a gene mutation that's passed from parents to children. The gene mutation causes problems in regulating inflammation in the body. In people with familial Mediterranean fever, the gene mutation occurs in a gene called MEFV. Many different mutations in MEFV are linked to familial Mediterranean fever. Some mutations may cause very severe cases, while others may be milder. Factors that may increase the risk of familial Mediterranean fever include: - Having a family history of the disease. If you have a family history of familial Mediterranean fever, your risk of the disease is increased. - Being of Mediterranean ancestry. If your family can trace its history to the Mediterranean region, your risk of the disease may be increased. Familial Mediterranean fever can affect any ethnic group, but it may be more likely in Sephardic Jews, Arabs, Italians, Armenians and Turks. Tests and procedures used to diagnose familial Mediterranean fever include: - Physical exam. Your doctor may ask you about your signs and symptoms and conduct a physical exam to gather more information. - Review of your family medical history. A family history of familial Mediterranean fever increases your likelihood of developing the condition because this genetic mutation is passed from parents to their children. - Blood tests. During an attack, blood tests may show elevated levels of certain markers that indicate an inflammatory condition in your body. An elevated level of white blood cells, which fight infections, is one such marker. - Genetic testing. Genetic testing may determine if your MEFV gene contains a mutation that is associated with familial Mediterranean fever. Genetic tests aren't advanced enough to test for every gene mutation that's linked to familial Mediterranean fever, so there is a possibility of false-negative results. For this reason, doctors typically don't use genetic tests as the sole method of diagnosing familial Mediterranean fever. There's no cure for familial Mediterranean fever. However, treatment can help prevent signs and symptoms. Medications used to control signs and symptoms of familial Mediterranean fever include: - Colchicine. This drug, taken in pill form, reduces inflammation in your body and helps prevent attacks. Work with your doctor to determine the best dosing strategy for you. Some people take one dose a day, while others need smaller, more-frequent doses. Common side effects include bloating, abdominal cramps and diarrhea. - Other drugs to prevent inflammation. For people whose signs and symptoms aren't controlled with colchicine, other medications that control inflammation may be options, though these treatments are considered experimental. Other medications include rilonacept (Arcalyst) and anakinra (Kineret). If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: Hello i would like more info about Familial Mediterean Fever please as my husband suffers from this. THANKS

Response: Familial Mediterranean fever (Summary): Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a rare disorder passed down through families (inherited). It involves repeated fevers and inflammation that often affects the lining of the abdomen, chest, or joints. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: High Blood Pressure. I know you may not answer this but my blood pressure comes up at night when I am asleep. I take four medicines. I have asked doctors why this happens and no one knows. This morning at four A.M. It was 164 and I took a clonidine to help get it done. It worries me so.

Response: High blood pressure - infants (Treatment): The treatment depends on the cause of high blood pressure in the infant. Treatment can include: - Dialysis to treat kidney failure - Medicines to lower blood pressure or help the heart pump better - Surgery (including transplantation surgery or repair of the coarctation). If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: High Blood Pressure. I know you may not answer this but my blood pressure comes up at night when I am asleep. I take four medicines. I have asked doctors why this happens and no one knows. This morning at four A.M. It was 164 and I took a clonidine to help get it done. It worries me so.

Response: Preeclampsia (Treatment): Preeclampsia often resolves after the baby is born and the placenta is delivered. However, it may persist or even begin after delivery. Most often, at 37 weeks, your baby is developed enough to be healthy outside of the womb. As a result, your provider will likely want your baby to be delivered so the preeclampsia does not get worse. You may get medicines to help trigger labor, or you may need a C-section. If your baby is not fully developed and you have mild preeclampsia, the disease can often be managed at home until your baby has matured. The provider will recommend: Frequent doctor visits to make sure you and your baby are doing well. Medicines to lower your blood pressure (sometimes). The severity of preeclampsia may change quickly, so you'll need very careful follow-up. Complete bed rest is no longer recommended. Sometimes, a pregnant woman with preeclampsia is admitted to the hospital. This allows the health care team to watch the baby and mother more closely. Treatment in the hospital may include: Close monitoring of the mother and baby Medicines to control blood pressure and prevent seizures and other complications Steroid injections for pregnancies under 34 weeks gestation to help speed up the development of the baby's lungs You and your provider will continue to discuss the safest time to deliver your baby, considering: How close you are to your due date. The severity of the preeclampsia. Preeclampsia has many severe complications that can harm the mother. How well the baby is doing in the womb. The baby must be delivered if there are signs of severe preeclampsia. These include: Tests that show your baby is not growing well or is not getting enough blood and oxygen. The bottom number of your blood pressure is over 110 mm Hg or is greater than 100 mm Hg consistently over a 24-hour period. Abnormal liver function test results. Severe headaches. Pain in the belly area (abdomen). Seizures or changes in mental function (eclampsia). Fluid buildup in the mother's lungs. HELLP syndrome (rare). Low platelet count or bleeding. Low urine output, a lot of protein in the urine, and other signs that your kidneys are not working properly. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: how to remove my mouth ulcer/canker. Hello dear Dr, i am NAME, the mouth ulcer problem is the worst problem in my lifetime, even three or four times the ulcer grow up in the mouth during of a month. even i can not eat or drink, even though i take care of my mouth every day, so i wish you to consult me about of removing of these ulcer forever. thank you so much

Response: Mouth ulcers: Mouth ulcers are sores or open lesions in the mouth. Mouth ulcers are caused by many disorders. These include: - Canker sores - Gingivostomatitis - Herpes simplex (fever blister) - Leukoplakia - Oral cancer - Oral lichen planus - Oral thrush A skin sore caused by histoplasmosis may also appear as a mouth ulcer. Symptoms will vary, based on the cause of the mouth ulcer. Symptoms may include: - Open sores in the mouth - Pain or discomfort in the mouth Most of the time, a health care provider or dentist will look the ulcer and where it is in the mouth to make the diagnosis. You may need blood tests or a biopsy of the ulcer may be needed to confirm the cause. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms. - The underlying cause of the ulcer should be treated if it is known. - Gently cleaning your mouth and teeth may help relieve your symptoms. - Medicines that you rub directly on the ulcer. These include antihistamines, antacids, and corticosteroids that may help soothe discomfort. - Avoid hot or spicy foods until the ulcer is healed. The outcome varies depending on the cause of the ulcer. Many mouth ulcers are harmless and heal without treatment. Some types of cancer may first appear as a mouth ulcer that does not heal. Complications may include: - Cellulitis of the mouth, from secondary bacterial infection of ulcers - Dental infections (tooth abscesses) - Oral cancer - Spread of contagious disorders to other people Call your provider if: - A mouth ulcer does not go away after 3 weeks. - You have mouth ulcers return often, or if new symptoms develop. To help prevent mouth ulcers and complications from them: - Brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss once a day. - Get regular dental cleanings and checkups. Updated by: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: how to remove my mouth ulcer/canker. Hello dear Dr, i am NAME, the mouth ulcer problem is the worst problem in my lifetime, even three or four times the ulcer grow up in the mouth during of a month. even i can not eat or drink, even though i take care of my mouth every day, so i wish you to consult me about of removing of these ulcer forever. thank you so much

Response: Canker sore: A canker sore is a painful, open sore in the mouth. Canker sores are white or yellow and surrounded by a bright red area. They are not cancerous. A canker sore is not the same as a fever blister (cold sore). Canker sores are a common form of mouth ulcer. They may occur with viral infections. In some cases, the cause is unknown. Canker sores may also be linked to problems with the body's immune system. The sores may also be brought on by: - Mouth injury from dental work - Cleaning the teeth too roughly - Biting the tongue or cheek Other things that can trigger canker sores include: - Emotional stress - Lack of certain vitamins and minerals in the diet (especially iron, folic acid, or vitamin B-12) - Hormonal changes - Food allergies Anyone can develop a canker sore. Women are more likely to get them than men. Canker sores may run in families. Canker sores most often appear on the inner surface of the cheeks and lips, tongue, upper surface of the mouth, and the base of the gums. Symptoms include: - One or more painful, red spots or bumps that develops into an open ulcer - White or yellow center - Small size (most often under one third inch or 1 centimeter across) - Gray color as healing starts Less common symptoms include: - Fever - General discomfort or uneasiness (malaise) - Swollen lymph nodes Pain often goes away in 7 to 10 days. It can take 1 to 3 weeks for a canker sore to completely heal. Large ulcers can take longer to heal. Your health care provider can often make the diagnosis by looking at the sore. If canker sores persist or continue to return, tests should be done to look for other causes, such as erythema multiforme, drug allergies, herpes infection, and bullous lichen planus. You may need further testing or a biopsy to look for other causes of mouth ulcers. Canker sores are not cancer and do not cause cancer. There are types of cancer, however, that may first appear as a mouth ulcer that does not heal. In most cases, the canker sores go away without treatment. Try not to eat hot or spicy foods, which can cause pain. Use over-the-counter medicines that ease pain in the area. - Rinse your mouth with salt water or mild, over-the-counter mouthwashes. (DO NOT use mouthwashes that contain alcohol which can irritate the area more.) - Apply a mixture of half hydrogen peroxide and half water directly to the sore using a cotton swab. Follow by dabbing a small amount of Milk of Magnesia on the canker sore afterward. Repeat these steps 3 to 4 times a day. - Rinse your mouth with a mixture of half Milk of Magnesia and half Benadryl liquid allergy medicine. Swish mixture in the mouth for about 1 minute and then spit out. Medicines prescribed by your provider may be needed for severe cases. These may include: - Chlorhexidine mouthwash - Stronger medicines called corticosteroids that are placed on the sore or are taken in pill form Brush your teeth twice a day and floss your teeth every day. Also, get routine dental check-ups. Canker sores almost always heal on their own. The pain should decrease in a few days. Other symptoms disappear in 10 to 14 days. Call your provider if: - A canker sore or mouth ulcer does not go away after 2 weeks of home care or gets worse. - You get canker sores more than 2 or 3 times a year. - You have symptoms with the canker sore such as fever, diarrhea, headache, or skin rash. Updated by: Sumana Jothi MD, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Airway, Voice, and Swallowing Disorders, Clinical Instructor UCSF Otolaryngology, NCHCS VA, SFVA, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: how to remove my mouth ulcer/canker. Hello dear Dr, i am NAME, the mouth ulcer problem is the worst problem in my lifetime, even three or four times the ulcer grow up in the mouth during of a month. even i can not eat or drink, even though i take care of my mouth every day, so i wish you to consult me about of removing of these ulcer forever. thank you so much

Response: Mouth ulcers (Treatment): The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms. - The underlying cause of the ulcer should be treated if it is known. - Gently cleaning your mouth and teeth may help relieve your symptoms. - Medicines that you rub directly on the ulcer. These include antihistamines, antacids, and corticosteroids that may help soothe discomfort. - Avoid hot or spicy foods until the ulcer is healed. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: How to Stop Snoring. How to Stop Snoring

Response: Snoring - adults: Snoring is a loud, hoarse, harsh breathing sound that occurs during sleep. Snoring is common in adults. Loud, frequent snoring can make it hard for both you and your bed partner to get enough sleep. Sometimes snoring can be a sign of a sleep disorder called sleep apnea. When you sleep, the muscles in your throat relax and your tongue slips back in your mouth. Snoring occurs when something blocks air from flowing freely through your mouth and nose. When you breathe, the walls of your throat vibrate, causing the sound of snoring. There are several factors that can lead to snoring, including - Being overweight. The extra tissue in your neck puts pressure on your airways. - Tissue swelling during the last month of pregnancy. - Crooked or bent nasal septum, which is the wall of bone and cartilage between your nostrils. - Growths in your nasal passages (nasal polyps). - Stuffy nose from a cold or allergies. - Swelling in the roof of your mouth (soft palate) or the uvula, the piece of tissue that hangs down in the back of your mouth. These areas may also be longer than normal. - Swollen adenoids and tonsils that block the airways. This is a common cause of snoring in children. - A tongue that is wider at the base, or a larger tongue in a smaller mouth. - Poor muscle tone. This may be caused by aging or by using sleeping pills, antihistamines, or alcohol at bedtime. Sometimes snoring can be a sign of a sleep disorder called sleep apnea. - This occurs when you completely or partly stop breathing for more than 10 seconds while you sleep. - This is followed by a sudden snort or gasp when you start breathing again. During that time you wake up without realizing it. - Then you start to snore again. - This cycle usually happens many times a night, which makes it hard to sleep deeply. Sleep apnea can make it especially hard for your bed partner to get a good night's sleep. To help reduce snoring: - Avoid alcohol and medicines that make you sleepy at bedtime. - DO NOT sleep flat on your back. Try to sleep on your side instead. You can sew a golf or tennis ball into the back of your night clothes. If you roll over, the pressure of the ball will help remind you to stay on your side. Over time, side sleeping will become a habit. - Lose weight, if you are overweight. - Try over-the-counter, drug-free nasal strips that help widen the nostrils. (These are not treatments for sleep apnea.) If your health care provider has given you a breathing device, use it on a regular basis. Follow your provider's advice for treating allergy symptoms. Talk to your health care provider if you: - Have problems with attention, concentration, or memory - Wake up in the morning not feeling rested - Feel very drowsy during the day - Have morning headaches - Gain weight - Tried self-care for snoring, and it has not helped You should also talk with your provider if you have episodes of no breathing (apnea) during the night. Your partner can tell you if you are snoring loudly or making choking and gasping sounds. Depending on your symptoms and the cause of your snoring, your provider may refer you to a sleep specialist. Updated by: Sumana Jothi MD, Specialist in Laryngology, Clinical Instructor UCSF Otolaryngology, NCHCS VA, SFVA, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: How to Stop Snoring. How to Stop Snoring

Response: Snoring (Lifestyle and home remedies): To prevent or quiet snoring, try these tips: - If you're overweight, lose weight. People who are overweight may have extra tissues in the throat that contribute to snoring. Losing weight can help reduce snoring. - Sleep on your side. Lying on your back allows your tongue to fall backward into your throat, narrowing your airway and partially obstructing airflow. Try sleeping on your side. If you find that you always end up on your back in the middle of the night, try sewing a tennis ball in the back of your pajama top. - Raise the head of your bed. Raising the head of your bed by about 4 inches may help. - Nasal strips or an external nasal dilator. Adhesive strips applied to the bridge of the nose help many people increase the area of their nasal passage, enhancing their breathing. A nasal dilator is a stiffened adhesive strip applied externally across the nostrils that may help decrease airflow resistance so you breathe easier. Nasal strips and external nasal dilators aren't effective for people with OSA, however. - Treat nasal congestion or obstruction. Having allergies or a deviated septum can limit airflow through your nose. This forces you to breathe through your mouth, increasing the likelihood of snoring. Ask your doctor about a prescription steroid spray if you have chronic congestion. To correct a structural defect in your airway, such as a deviated septum, you may need surgery. - Limit or avoid alcohol and sedatives. Avoid drinking alcoholic beverages at least two hours before bedtime, and let your doctor know about your snoring before taking sedatives. Sedatives and alcohol depress your central nervous system, causing excessive relaxation of muscles, including the tissues in your throat. - Quit smoking. Smoking cessation may reduce snoring, in addition to having numerous other health benefits. - Get enough sleep. Adults should aim for at least seven hours of sleep per night. The recommended hours of sleep for children vary by age. Preschool-aged children should get 10 to 13 hours a day. School-age children need nine to 12 hours a day, and teens should have eight to 10 hours a day. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: I have exercise induced asthma. Would any of these non drug devises be suitable please?

Response: Exercise-induced asthma (Be Careful Where and When you Exercise): Having asthma symptoms when you exercise does not mean you cannot or should not exercise. But be aware of your EIA triggers. Cold or dry air may trigger your asthma symptoms. If you do exercise in cold or dry air: - Breathe through your nose. - Wear a scarf or mask over your mouth. DO NOT exercise when the air is polluted. DO NOT exercise near fields or lawns that have just been mowed. Warm up before you exercise, and cool down afterward: - To warm up, walk or do your exercise activity slowly before you speed up. - The longer you warm up, the better. - To cool down, walk or do your exercise activity slowly for several minutes. Some kinds of exercise may be less likely to trigger asthma symptoms than others. - Swimming is a good sport for people with EIA. The warm, moist air helps keep asthma symptoms away. - Football, baseball, and other sports with periods when you do not move fast are less likely to trigger your asthma symptoms. Activities that keep you moving fast all the time are more likely to trigger asthma symptoms, such as running, basketball, or soccer. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: I have exercise induced asthma. Would any of these non drug devises be suitable please?

Response: Exercise-induced asthma (Use Your Asthma Medicine Before you Exercise): Take your short-acting, or quick-relief, inhaled medicines before you exercise. - Take them 10 to 15 minutes before exercise. - They can help for up to 4 hours. Long-acting, inhaled medicines may also help. - Use them at least 30 minutes before exercise. - They can help for up to 12 hours. Children can take this medicine before school, and it will help for the whole day. - Be aware that using this kind of medicine every day before exercise will make it less effective over time. Follow your doctor's advice on which medicines to use and when. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: I just read an article submitted by you that stated your research shows that you've identified the mechanism that causes burning mouth syndrome. Also because of these findings you can find a treatment. I've had this for 15 yrs and am just holding on. When will a good treatment be available?? I belong to a group of over 500 bmsers. We're suffering terribly and were from all over the world. What would the treatment be?

Response: Burning mouth syndrome (Treatment): For secondary burning mouth syndrome, treatment depends on any underlying conditions that may be causing your mouth discomfort. For example, replacing poorly fitting dentures or taking supplements for a vitamin deficiency may relieve your discomfort. That's why it's important to try to pinpoint the cause. Once any underlying causes are treated, your burning mouth syndrome symptoms should get better. There's no known cure for primary burning mouth syndrome and no one sure way to treat it. Solid research on the most effective methods is lacking. Treatment depends on your particular symptoms and is aimed at controlling them. You may need to try several treatment methods before finding one or a combination that helps reduce your mouth discomfort. Treatment options may include: - Saliva replacement products - Specific oral rinses or lidocaine - Capsaicin, a pain reliever that comes from chili peppers - An anticonvulsant medication called clonazepam (Klonopin) - Certain antidepressants - Medications that block nerve pain - Cognitive behavioral therapy. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.


Instruction: I just read an article submitted by you that stated your research shows that you've identified the mechanism that causes burning mouth syndrome. Also because of these findings you can find a treatment. I've had this for 15 yrs and am just holding on. When will a good treatment be available?? I belong to a group of over 500 bmsers. We're suffering terribly and were from all over the world. What would the treatment be?

Response: Burning mouth syndrome (Diagnosis): There's no one test that can determine if you have burning mouth syndrome. Instead, your doctor or dentist will try to rule out other problems before diagnosing burning mouth syndrome. Your doctor or dentist will review your medical history and medications, examine your mouth, and ask you to describe your symptoms, oral habits and oral care routine. In addition, your doctor will likely perform a general medical exam, looking for signs of other conditions. You may have some of the following tests: - Blood tests. Blood tests can check your complete blood count, glucose level, thyroid function, nutritional factors and immune functioning, all of which may provide clues about the source of your mouth discomfort. - Oral cultures or biopsies. Taking and analyzing samples from your mouth can determine whether you have a fungal, bacterial or viral infection. - Allergy tests. Your doctor may suggest allergy testing to see if you may be allergic to certain foods, additives or even substances in dentures. - Salivary measurements. With burning mouth syndrome, you may feel that you have a dry mouth. Salivary tests can confirm whether you have a reduced salivary flow. - Gastric reflux tests. These tests can determine if you have GERD. - Imaging. Your doctor may recommend an MRI, CT scan or other imaging tests to check for other health problems. - Temporarily stopping medication. If you take medications that may contribute to mouth discomfort, your doctor may suggest temporarily stopping them, if possible, to see if your discomfort goes away. Don't try this on your own, because it can be dangerous to stop some medications. - Psychological questionnaires. You may be asked to fill out questionnaires that can help determine if you have symptoms of depression, anxiety or other mental health conditions. If your symptoms worsen or feel concerning, seek help from a healthcare professional.