---
license: cc-by-sa-4.0
language:
- en
tags:
- urban
- perception
- computervision
size_categories:
- n<1K
---
# Street Perception Evaluation Considering Socioeconomics (SPECS)
Repository for the Street Perception Evaluation Considering Socioeconomics (SPECS) dataset developed in the [It's not you, it's me: Global urban visual perception varies across demographics and personalities](https://github.com/matqr/specs) project.
This project was developed at the Future Cities Lab Global in the Singapore-ETH Centre in close collaboration with the [Urban Analytics Lab (UAL)](https://ual.sg/) at the National University of Singapore (NUS).

# Content Breakdown
```
SPECS
├── abuja/
    ├── 10 CSV files with contextual information for this city' images
├── global-streetscapes/ (download contextual data from original [Global Streetscapes](https://huggingface.co/datasets/NUS-UAL/global-streetscapes))
├── labels/
    ├── final/ (6 XLSX files with final pairwise comparisons)
    ├── inferences/ (6 CSV files with inferred perception scores using the perception model used in [Global Streetscapes](https://huggingface.co/datasets/NUS-UAL/global-streetscapes))
    ├── processed/ (10 CSV files with computed perception Q scores)
├── svi/ (SVIs should be downloaded following the [wiki](https://github.com/matqr/specs/wiki) or with the metadata file)
    ├── img_paths.csv (path location )
    ├── metadata.csv (file with imagery metadata)
    ├── visual_complexity_all.csv
```

# Read More
Read more about this project on its [website](), which includes an overview of this effort together with the background and the [paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s44284-025-00330-x).

A free version (postprint / author-accepted manuscript) can be downloaded [here](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12758).

# Citation
To cite this work, please refer to the [paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s44284-025-00330-x):

Quintana M, Gu Y, Liang X, Hou Y, Ito K, Zhu Y, Abdelrahman M, Biljecki F (2025): Global urban visual perception varies across demographics and personalities. Nature Cities 2(11): 1092-1106. doi: 10.1038/s44284-025-00330-x

BibTeX:
```
@article{quintana2025,
  title = {Global Urban Visual Perception Varies across Demographics and Personalities},
  author = {Quintana, Matias and Gu, Youlong and Liang, Xiucheng and Hou, Yujun and Ito, Koichi and Zhu, Yihan and Abdelrahman, Mahmoud and Biljecki, Filip},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Nature Cities},
  volume = {2},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1092--1106},
  issn = {2731-9997},
  doi = {10.1038/s44284-025-00330-x},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s44284-025-00330-x},
}
```