Public structural tier: Linux IOCTL Census (v7.0-rc7)

MANIFEST.json

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+{
+  "dataset": "linux-ioctl-census",
+  "tier": "public-structural",
+  "kernel": "v7.0-rc7",
+  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
+  "tables": {
+    "binaries": 878,
+    "dispatchers": 2914,
+    "ioctl_codes": 1289,
+    "handlers": 2914,
+    "gates": 1298,
+    "kb_meta": 8
+  },
+  "withheld_targeting_tier": [
+    "taint_sinks",
+    "handler_enrichment",
+    "findings",
+    "bugclass_hits",
+    "functions",
+    "call_edges",
+    "extraction_runs",
+    "v_unaudited_unpriv_surface"
+  ]
+}

README.md

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+---
+license: cc-by-4.0
+language:
+  - en
+pretty_name: Linux IOCTL Census (public structural tier)
+tags:
+  - linux-kernel
+  - ioctl
+  - attack-surface
+  - security
+  - static-analysis
+  - census
+task_categories:
+  - tabular-classification
+configs:
+  - config_name: binaries
+    data_files: binaries.parquet
+  - config_name: dispatchers
+    data_files: dispatchers.parquet
+  - config_name: ioctl_codes
+    data_files: ioctl_codes.parquet
+  - config_name: handlers
+    data_files: handlers.parquet
+  - config_name: gates
+    data_files: gates.parquet
+---
+
+# Linux IOCTL Census -- public structural tier
+
+A source-derived census of the Linux kernel local ioctl/proc/sysfs handler
+surface: for each registered handler, its decoded `_IOC` command table, the
+permission gates on its path, and a capability-ungated reachability upper
+bound. The schema is **identical to the Windows IOCTL Census**
+(`mjbommar/ioctl-census`), so the two can be queried and compared together.
+
+This is the **public structural tier**: everything derivable from the
+already-public kernel source. The targeting tier (controlled-input sinks,
+LLM triage, ranked unaudited surface) is intentionally withheld.
+
+## Tables
+
+| table | rows | what |
+|---|---|---|
+| `binaries` | 878 | one row per driver source file that registers a handler (module granularity) |
+| `dispatchers` | 2914 | registered handler entries (`unlocked_ioctl`, `proc_write`, `store`, ...) |
+| `ioctl_codes` | 1289 | decoded `_IOC` commands (dir/type/nr/size + arg struct + cmd symbol) |
+| `handlers` | 2914 | handler functions (symbol + file:line) |
+| `gates` | 1298 | capability / f_mode / field-check permission gates on handler paths |
+
+`*_va` columns hold a stable 64-bit `hash(usr)` (a symbol id, not an address;
+Linux is relocatable). The human location is in the companion `name`/`file`/
+`line` columns with `loc_kind in {symbol, site}`. `imagebase = 0`.
+
+## Provenance
+
+- Source: in-tree Linux kernel source (kg snapshot; exact `git describe`
+  recorded in `kb_meta`).
+- Coverage: **169 in-tree subtrees, 878 modules** -- the whole source an
+  `x86_64` `allmodconfig` build compiles (84% of source `.c` files; the
+  uncompiled remainder is other-architecture platform code). A second build for `arm64` adds only 1 ioctl module and no new command codes.
+- Determinism: the structural tables are content-hash byte-identical across
+  two independent rebuilds (provenance timestamps excluded).
+- Extraction: libclang over the kernel source (registrations, sinks, gates,
+  reachability) + a `clang -E -dM` `_IOC` command-code resolver. Resolution
+  rate 80% (1289 of 1614 switch-case symbols; the remainder are dominated by
+  legacy non-`_IOC` numeric command constants that carry no decodable structure).
+
+## Important caveats (read before using)
+
+- **`user_reachable` is an UPPER BOUND**, not a proof of unprivileged
+  reach: it means "no hard init-namespace capability gate on the handler
+  path." Precise node DAC (device-node mode/owner via udev/devtmpfs) is
+  resolved only for a curated subset; a `user_reachable=true` row may still
+  be gated by a root/hardware-only device node.
+- **Registration-type coverage**: handlers registered via `file_operations`/
+  `proc_ops`/`block_device_operations`/sysfs attrs are captured. NOT yet
+  captured: ops-table dispatch (DRM/V4L2/ALSA route per-command handlers
+  through tables such as `drm_ioctl_desc`/`v4l2_ioctl_ops`, so for those
+  subsystems only the fops-level dispatcher is recovered, not the per-command
+  surface), tty line disciplines (`tty_ldisc_ops`), the core `blkdev_ioctl`
+  switch, and netlink.
+- Static analysis only; no runtime confirmation.
+
+## Companion
+
+Schema-compatible sibling: the Windows IOCTL Census
+(`huggingface.co/datasets/mjbommar/ioctl-census`). See the paper *Toward a
+Linux IOCTL Census* for method, validation, and the cross-OS comparison.
+
+## License
+
+CC-BY-4.0 (data). The census tooling is released separately under the
+project's source license.

data/binaries.parquet

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+size 57253

data/dispatchers.parquet

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+size 125284

data/gates.parquet

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+size 21709

data/handlers.parquet

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+size 124241

data/ioctl_codes.parquet

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+size 37539

data/kb_meta.parquet

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+size 563

schema.json

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+{
+  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+  "$id": "https://github.com/mjbommar/linux-ioctl-census-paper/data/schema.json",
+  "title": "Linux IOCTL Census -- public structural tier",
+  "description": "JSON-Schema describing the PUBLIC structural release tier of the Linux IOCTL Census. Mirrors the export allowlist in the engine (tools/linux_ioctl/export_census_release.py) and the DuckDB DDL in bot/linux_ioctl_kb/schema.py. Only tables/columns derivable from already-public kernel source appear here; the targeting tier (taint_sinks, handler_enrichment, bugclass_hits, findings, functions, call_edges, extraction_runs) is withheld and MUST NOT appear. Schema-compatible with the Windows IOCTL Census: identical table and column names so the corpora are query-compatible. Linux concession: every *_va column is a stable 64-bit id (hash of the kg USR), and human location lives in companion name/file/line columns with loc_kind in {symbol, site}; imagebase is 0.",
+  "type": "object",
+  "additionalProperties": false,
+  "required": ["kb_meta", "binaries", "dispatchers", "ioctl_codes", "handlers", "gates"],
+  "properties": {
+    "kb_meta": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "description": "Key/value provenance. Includes schema_version and release_tier=public-structural.",
+      "items": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "additionalProperties": false,
+        "required": ["key", "value"],
+        "properties": {
+          "key": {"type": "string"},
+          "value": {"type": "string"}
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "binaries": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "description": "One row per analyzed module. 'binaries' name retained for query-compatibility with the Windows KB; on Linux a row is a kernel module/built-in source unit.",
+      "items": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "additionalProperties": false,
+        "required": ["sha256", "name"],
+        "properties": {
+          "sha256": {"type": "string", "description": "Content hash, primary key."},
+          "name": {"type": "string", "description": "Module name (e.g. ipmi_devintf)."},
+          "corpus": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "Corpus tag for the extraction run."},
+          "build": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "Build identifier (kernel tag/config)."},
+          "arch": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "Architecture (e.g. x86_64)."},
+          "driver_type": {"type": ["string", "null"], "enum": ["char_dev", "blockdev", "sysfs", "proc", null], "description": "Surface class of the module's registration."},
+          "device_names": {"type": ["array", "null"], "items": {"type": "string"}, "description": "Device node names where recovered (node DAC coverage is partial; see data dictionary)."},
+          "device_sddl": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "Gate summary. On Linux holds 'caps:CAP_...' when a hard init-ns capability gate is on the ioctl path."},
+          "user_reachable": {"type": ["boolean", "null"], "description": "Static verdict: ioctl path has no hard init-ns capability gate (heuristic; see PLAN node-DAC caveat)."},
+          "in_threat_model": {"type": ["boolean", "null"], "description": "True unless the module is out of the kernel's documented threat model (e.g. staging)."},
+          "out_of_model_reason": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "Why a module is out of model (e.g. 'staging')."},
+          "n_dispatchers": {"type": ["integer", "null"]},
+          "n_codes": {"type": ["integer", "null"]},
+          "n_handlers": {"type": ["integer", "null"]},
+          "surface_recovered": {"type": ["boolean", "null"], "description": "True if a dispatch surface was recovered for this module."},
+          "rel_path": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "Tree-relative source path (e.g. drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_devintf.c)."},
+          "subtree": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "Coverage subtree label (e.g. drivers-misc)."},
+          "staging": {"type": ["boolean", "null"], "description": "True if under drivers/staging."}
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "dispatchers": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "description": "One row per ioctl dispatch entry point (file_operations.unlocked_ioctl / compat_ioctl / proc_ops.proc_ioctl etc.).",
+      "items": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "additionalProperties": false,
+        "required": ["sha256", "dispatcher_va"],
+        "properties": {
+          "sha256": {"type": "string"},
+          "dispatcher_va": {"type": "integer", "description": "Stable 64-bit id (hash of kg USR), NOT a load address. imagebase=0."},
+          "role": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "Dispatcher role classification."},
+          "name": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "Function symbol name."},
+          "file": {"type": ["string", "null"]},
+          "line": {"type": ["integer", "null"]},
+          "ops_struct": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "Owning ops struct (e.g. file_operations)."},
+          "ops_field": {"type": ["string", "null"], "enum": ["unlocked_ioctl", "compat_ioctl", "ioctl", "proc_ioctl", null], "description": "Ops-struct field the dispatcher fills."}
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "ioctl_codes": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "description": "One row per decoded ioctl command code. Decoded via the _IOC resolver: access direction, _IOC_TYPE, _IOC_NR, _IOC_SIZE, arg-struct type.",
+      "items": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "additionalProperties": false,
+        "required": ["sha256", "dispatcher_va", "code"],
+        "properties": {
+          "sha256": {"type": "string"},
+          "dispatcher_va": {"type": "integer"},
+          "code": {"type": "integer", "description": "The 32-bit ioctl command number."},
+          "device_type": {"type": ["integer", "null"], "description": "_IOC_TYPE (the magic byte)."},
+          "method": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "Windows-schema parity field; usually null on Linux."},
+          "access": {"type": ["string", "null"], "enum": ["r", "w", "rw", "none", null], "description": "_IOC_DIR decoded."},
+          "function_code": {"type": ["integer", "null"], "description": "_IOC_NR (the command ordinal)."},
+          "cmd_symbol": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "The macro/symbol the case label resolved from (e.g. FS_IOC_GETFLAGS)."},
+          "ioc_size": {"type": ["integer", "null"], "description": "_IOC_SIZE in bytes."},
+          "arg_struct_type": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "Decoded argument struct type where recoverable."}
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "handlers": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "description": "One row per ioctl command handler (the per-command body reached from a dispatcher).",
+      "items": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "additionalProperties": false,
+        "required": ["sha256", "handler_va"],
+        "properties": {
+          "sha256": {"type": "string"},
+          "handler_va": {"type": "integer", "description": "Stable 64-bit id (hash of kg USR)."},
+          "name": {"type": ["string", "null"]},
+          "reachable": {"type": ["boolean", "null"], "description": "Reachable from a dispatcher within the closure depth bound."},
+          "ioctl_distance": {"type": ["integer", "null"], "description": "Call-graph distance from the dispatcher."},
+          "file": {"type": ["string", "null"]},
+          "line": {"type": ["integer", "null"]}
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "gates": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "description": "One row per permission gate on a handler's path. Capability checks, LSM hooks, f_mode/field checks, fd lookups.",
+      "items": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "additionalProperties": false,
+        "required": ["sha256", "handler_va", "gate_kind"],
+        "properties": {
+          "sha256": {"type": "string"},
+          "handler_va": {"type": "integer"},
+          "gate_kind": {"type": "string", "enum": ["cap_check", "lsm_hook", "field_check", "fd_lookup", "protocol_state_check"], "description": "The gate class."},
+          "cap_constant": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "The CAP_* constant for cap_check gates."},
+          "mask_constant": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "The f_mode / field mask for field_check gates."},
+          "is_hard_gate": {"type": ["boolean", "null"], "description": "True if the gate hard-blocks unprivileged reach in init-ns."},
+          "gate_ns": {"type": ["string", "null"], "description": "Namespace the gate is evaluated in."},
+          "file": {"type": ["string", "null"]},
+          "line": {"type": ["integer", "null"]}
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}