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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/CSV_to_HTML_translation
CSV to HTML translation
Consider a simplified CSV format where all rows are separated by a newline and all columns are separated by commas. No commas are allowed as field data, but the data may contain other characters and character sequences that would normally be   escaped   when converted to HTML Task Create a function that takes a st...
#Raku
Raku
my $str = "Character,Speech The multitude,The messiah! Show us the messiah! Brians mother,<angry>Now you listen here! He's not the messiah; he's a very naughty boy! Now go away!</angry> The multitude,Who are you? Brians mother,I'm his mother; that's who! The multitude,Behold his mother! Behold his mother!";   # comment...
Give a code snippet in #Raku Consider a simplified CSV format where all rows are separated by a newline and all columns are separated by commas. No commas are allowed as field data, but the data may contain other characters and character sequences that would normally be   escaped   when converted to HTML Task Cre...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Hello_world/Text
Hello world/Text
Hello world/Text is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection. Task Display the string Hello world! on a text console. Related tasks   Hello world/Graphical   Hello world/Line Printer   Hello world/Newbie   Hello world/Newline omission   Hello world/Standard error   Hello world/Web server
#Common_Lisp
Common Lisp
(format t "Hello world!~%")
Give a code snippet in #Common_Lisp Hello world/Text is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection. Task Display the string Hello world! on a text console. Related tasks   Hello world/Graphical   Hello world/Line Printer   Hello world/Newbie   Hello world/Newline omission   Hello world/Standard e...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Pi
Pi
Create a program to continually calculate and output the next decimal digit of   π {\displaystyle \pi }   (pi). The program should continue forever (until it is aborted by the user) calculating and outputting each decimal digit in succession. The output should be a decimal sequence beginning   3.14159265 ......
#Racket
Racket
  #lang racket (require racket/generator)   (define pidig (generator () (let loop ([q 1] [r 0] [t 1] [k 1] [n 3] [l 3]) (if (< (- (+ r (* 4 q)) t) (* n t)) (begin (yield n) (loop (* q 10) (* 10 (- r (* n t))) t k (- (quotient (* 10 (+ (* 3 q) r)) t) (* 10 n)) ...
Give a code snippet in #Racket Create a program to continually calculate and output the next decimal digit of   π {\displaystyle \pi }   (pi). The program should continue forever (until it is aborted by the user) calculating and outputting each decimal digit in succession. The output should be a decimal seq...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Empty_program
Empty program
Task Create the simplest possible program that is still considered "correct."
#.D0.9C.D0.9A-61.2F52
МК-61/52
С/П
Give a code snippet in #.D0.9C.D0.9A-61.2F52 Task Create the simplest possible program that is still considered "correct."
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/User_input/Text
User input/Text
User input/Text is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection. Task Input a string and the integer   75000   from the text console. See also: User input/Graphical
#Euphoria
Euphoria
include get.e   sequence s atom n   s = prompt_string("Enter a string:") puts(1, s & '\n') n = prompt_number("Enter a number:",{}) printf(1, "%d", n)
Give a code snippet in #Euphoria User input/Text is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection. Task Input a string and the integer   75000   from the text console. See also: User input/Graphical
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Factorions
Factorions
Definition A factorion is a natural number that equals the sum of the factorials of its digits. Example 145   is a factorion in base 10 because: 1! + 4! + 5! = 1 + 24 + 120 = 145 It can be shown (see talk page) that no factorion in base 10 can exceed   1,499,999. Task Write a progr...
#Python
Python
fact = [1] # cache factorials from 0 to 11 for n in range(1, 12): fact.append(fact[n-1] * n)   for b in range(9, 12+1): print(f"The factorions for base {b} are:") for i in range(1, 1500000): fact_sum = 0 j = i while j > 0: d = j % b fact_sum += fact[d] ...
Give a code snippet in #Python Definition A factorion is a natural number that equals the sum of the factorials of its digits. Example 145   is a factorion in base 10 because: 1! + 4! + 5! = 1 + 24 + 120 = 145 It can be shown (see talk page) that no factorion in base 10 can exceed   1...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Optional_parameters
Optional parameters
Task Define a function/method/subroutine which sorts a sequence ("table") of sequences ("rows") of strings ("cells"), by one of the strings. Besides the input to be sorted, it shall have the following optional parameters: ordering A function specifying the ordering of strings; lexicographic by default. column ...
#Delphi
Delphi
program Optional_parameters;   {$APPTYPE CONSOLE}   uses System.SysUtils;   type TRow = TArray<string>;   TOrderingFun = TFunc<TRow, TRow, Boolean>;   TTable = array of TRow;   TRowHelper = record helper for TRow public procedure Swap(var other: TRow); function ToString: string; function Length:...
Give a code snippet in #Delphi Task Define a function/method/subroutine which sorts a sequence ("table") of sequences ("rows") of strings ("cells"), by one of the strings. Besides the input to be sorted, it shall have the following optional parameters: ordering A function specifying the ordering of strings; le...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitwise_operations
Bitwise operations
Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic | Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise | Logical String Operations Concatenation | Interpolation |...
#BBC_BASIC
BBC BASIC
number1% = &89ABCDEF number2% = 8   PRINT ~ number1% AND number2% : REM bitwise AND PRINT ~ number1% OR number2%  : REM bitwise OR PRINT ~ number1% EOR number2% : REM bitwise exclusive-OR PRINT ~ NOT number1%  : REM bitwise NOT PRINT ~ number1% << number2%  : REM left s...
Give a code snippet in #BBC_BASIC Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic | Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise | Logical String Operati...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Higher-order_functions
Higher-order functions
Task Pass a function     as an argument     to another function. Related task   First-class functions
#Order
Order
  #include <order/interpreter.h>   #define ORDER_PP_DEF_8func1 ORDER_PP_FN ( \ 8fn(8F, \ 8ap(8F, 8("a string")) ))   #define ORDER_PP_DEF_8func2 ORDER_PP_FN ( \ 8fn(8S, \ 8adjoin(8("func2 called with "), 8S ) ))   ORDER_PP( 8func1(8func2) ) // -> "func2 called with ""a string"   #define ORDER_PP_DEF_8func3 OR...
Give a code snippet in #Order Task Pass a function     as an argument     to another function. Related task   First-class functions
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Globally_replace_text_in_several_files
Globally replace text in several files
Task Replace every occurring instance of a piece of text in a group of text files with another one. For this task we want to replace the text   "Goodbye London!"   with   "Hello New York!"   for a list of files.
#Fortran
Fortran
SUBROUTINE FILEHACK(FNAME,THIS,THAT) !Attacks a file! CHARACTER*(*) FNAME !The name of the file, presumed to contain text. CHARACTER*(*) THIS !The text sought in each record. CHARACTER*(*) THAT !Its replacement, should it be found. INTEGER F,T !Mnemonics for file unit numbers. ...
Give a code snippet in #Fortran Task Replace every occurring instance of a piece of text in a group of text files with another one. For this task we want to replace the text   "Goodbye London!"   with   "Hello New York!"   for a list of files.
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nested_templated_data
Nested templated data
A template for data is an arbitrarily nested tree of integer indices. Data payloads are given as a separate mapping, array or other simpler, flat, association of indices to individual items of data, and are strings. The idea is to create a data structure with the templates' nesting, and the payload corresponding to e...
#REXX
REXX
/* REXX */ tok.='' Do i=0 To 6 tok.i="'Payload#"i"'" End t1='[[[1,2],[3,4,1],5]]' t2='[[[1,6],[3,4,7,0],5]]' Call transform t1 Call transform t2 Exit   transform: Parse Arg t 1 tt /* http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nested_templated_data */ /* [[['Payload#1', 'Payload#2'], ['Payload#3', 'Payload#4', 'Payload#1'], 'P...
Give a code snippet in #REXX A template for data is an arbitrarily nested tree of integer indices. Data payloads are given as a separate mapping, array or other simpler, flat, association of indices to individual items of data, and are strings. The idea is to create a data structure with the templates' nesting, and ...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Convex_hull
Convex hull
Find the points which form a convex hull from a set of arbitrary two dimensional points. For example, given the points (16,3), (12,17), (0,6), (-4,-6), (16,6), (16,-7), (16,-3), (17,-4), (5,19), (19,-8), (3,16), (12,13), (3,-4), (17,5), (-3,15), (-3,-9), (0,11), (-9,-3), (-4,-2) and (12,10) the convex hull would be (-...
#Visual_Basic_.NET
Visual Basic .NET
Imports ConvexHull   Module Module1   Class Point : Implements IComparable(Of Point) Public Property X As Integer Public Property Y As Integer   Public Sub New(x As Integer, y As Integer) Me.X = x Me.Y = y End Sub   Public Function CompareTo(other As P...
Give a code snippet in #Visual_Basic_.NET Find the points which form a convex hull from a set of arbitrary two dimensional points. For example, given the points (16,3), (12,17), (0,6), (-4,-6), (16,6), (16,-7), (16,-3), (17,-4), (5,19), (19,-8), (3,16), (12,13), (3,-4), (17,5), (-3,15), (-3,-9), (0,11), (-9,-3), (-4,...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Create_an_HTML_table
Create an HTML table
Create an HTML table. The table body should have at least three rows of three columns. Each of these three columns should be labelled "X", "Y", and "Z". An extra column should be added at either the extreme left or the extreme right of the table that has no heading, but is filled with sequential row numbers. The...
#J
J
ele=:4 :0 nm=. x-.LF lf=. x-.nm  ;('<',nm,'>') ,L:0 y ,L:0 '</',nm,'>',lf )   hTbl=:4 :0 rows=. 'td' <@ele"1 ":&.>y 'table' ele ('tr',LF) <@ele ('th' ele x); rows )
Give a code snippet in #J Create an HTML table. The table body should have at least three rows of three columns. Each of these three columns should be labelled "X", "Y", and "Z". An extra column should be added at either the extreme left or the extreme right of the table that has no heading, but is filled with se...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Stack
Stack
Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. A stack is a container of elements with   last in, first out   access policy.   Sometimes it also called LIFO. The stack is accessed through its top. The ba...
#VBScript
VBScript
class stack dim tos dim stack() dim stacksize   private sub class_initialize stacksize = 100 redim stack( stacksize ) tos = 0 end sub   public sub push( x ) stack(tos) = x tos = tos + 1 end sub   public property get stackempty stackempty = ( tos = 0 ) end property   public property get stackfull ...
Give a code snippet in #VBScript Data Structure This illustrates a data structure, a means of storing data within a program. You may see other such structures in the Data Structures category. A stack is a container of elements with   last in, first out   access policy.   Sometimes it also called LIFO. The stack is...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Humble_numbers
Humble numbers
Humble numbers are positive integers which have   no   prime factors   >   7. Humble numbers are also called   7-smooth numbers,   and sometimes called   highly composite, although this conflicts with another meaning of   highly composite numbers. Another way to express the above is: humble = 2i × 3j × 5k...
#Raku
Raku
sub smooth-numbers (*@list) { cache my \Smooth := gather { my %i = (flat @list) Z=> (Smooth.iterator for ^@list); my %n = (flat @list) Z=> 1 xx *;   loop { take my $n := %n{*}.min;   for @list -> \k { %n{k} = %i{k}.pull-one * k if %n{k} == $n; ...
Give a code snippet in #Raku Humble numbers are positive integers which have   no   prime factors   >   7. Humble numbers are also called   7-smooth numbers,   and sometimes called   highly composite, although this conflicts with another meaning of   highly composite numbers. Another way to express the above ...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/ISBN13_check_digit
ISBN13 check digit
Task Validate the check digit of an ISBN-13 code:   Multiply every other digit by  3.   Add these numbers and the other digits.   Take the remainder of this number after division by  10.   If it is  0,   the ISBN-13 check digit is correct. Use the following codes for testing:   978-1734314502       (good)   ...
#F.23
F#
// ISBN13 Check Digit open System   let parseInput (input: string) = Seq.map(fun c -> c |> string) input |> Seq.toList |> List.map(fun x -> Int32.Parse x)   [<EntryPoint>] let main argv = let isbnnum = parseInput (String.filter (fun x -> x <> '-') argv.[0]) // Multiply every other digit by 3 let everyOt...
Give a code snippet in #F.23 Task Validate the check digit of an ISBN-13 code:   Multiply every other digit by  3.   Add these numbers and the other digits.   Take the remainder of this number after division by  10.   If it is  0,   the ISBN-13 check digit is correct. Use the following codes for testing:   9...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Letter_frequency
Letter frequency
Task Open a text file and count the occurrences of each letter. Some of these programs count all characters (including punctuation), but some only count letters A to Z. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequen...
#OxygenBasic
OxygenBasic
  indexbase 0   sys a,e,i,c[255]   string s=getfile "t.txt"   e=len s   for i=1 to e a=asc(s,i) ++c(a) next   cr=chr(13)+chr(10) pr="Char Frequencies" cr cr for i=32 to 255 pr+=chr(i) chr(9) c(i) cr next   print pr 'putfile "CharCount.txt",pr  
Give a code snippet in #OxygenBasic Task Open a text file and count the occurrences of each letter. Some of these programs count all characters (including punctuation), but some only count letters A to Z. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Lah_numbers
Lah numbers
Lah numbers, sometimes referred to as Stirling numbers of the third kind, are coefficients of polynomial expansions expressing rising factorials in terms of falling factorials. Unsigned Lah numbers count the number of ways a set of n elements can be partitioned into k non-empty linearly ordered subsets. Lah numbers a...
#R
R
Lah_numbers <- function(n, k, type = "unsigned") {   if (n == k) return(1)   if (n == 0 | k == 0) return(0)   if (k == 1) return(factorial(n))   if (k > n) return(NA)   if (type == "unsigned") return((factorial(n) * factorial(n - 1)) / (factorial(k) * factorial(k - 1)) ...
Give a code snippet in #R Lah numbers, sometimes referred to as Stirling numbers of the third kind, are coefficients of polynomial expansions expressing rising factorials in terms of falling factorials. Unsigned Lah numbers count the number of ways a set of n elements can be partitioned into k non-empty linearly orde...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Department_numbers
Department numbers
There is a highly organized city that has decided to assign a number to each of their departments:   police department   sanitation department   fire department Each department can have a number between   1   and   7   (inclusive). The three department numbers are to be unique (different from each other) and mu...
#OCaml
OCaml
(* * Caution: This is my first Ocaml program and anyone with Ocaml experience probably thinks it's horrible * So please don't use this as an example for "good ocaml code" see it more as * "this is what my first lines of ocaml might look like" * * The only reason im publishing this is th...
Give a code snippet in #OCaml There is a highly organized city that has decided to assign a number to each of their departments:   police department   sanitation department   fire department Each department can have a number between   1   and   7   (inclusive). The three department numbers are to be unique (di...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Empty_string
Empty string
Languages may have features for dealing specifically with empty strings (those containing no characters). Task   Demonstrate how to assign an empty string to a variable.   Demonstrate how to check that a string is empty.   Demonstrate how to check that a string is not empty. Other tasks related to string oper...
#Zoomscript
Zoomscript
var string string = "" if eq string "" print "The string is empty." else print "The string is not empty." endif
Give a code snippet in #Zoomscript Languages may have features for dealing specifically with empty strings (those containing no characters). Task   Demonstrate how to assign an empty string to a variable.   Demonstrate how to check that a string is empty.   Demonstrate how to check that a string is not empty. ...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#Icon_and_Unicon
Icon and Unicon
link graphics   procedure main() width := 750 height := 600 limit := 100 WOpen("size="||width||","||height) every x:=1 to width & y:=1 to height do { z:=complex(0,0) c:=complex(2.5*x/width-2.0,(2.0*y/height-1.0)) j:=0 while j<limit & cAbs(z)<2.0 do { ...
Give a code snippet in #Icon_and_Unicon Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it . ...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/IBAN
IBAN
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at IBAN. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) The   International Bank Account Number (IBAN)   is an internationally agree...
#Java
Java
import java.math.BigInteger; import java.util.*;   public class IBAN { private static final String DEFSTRS = "" + "AL28 AD24 AT20 AZ28 BE16 BH22 BA20 BR29 BG22 " + "HR21 CY28 CZ24 DK18 DO28 EE20 FO18 FI18 FR27 GE22 DE22 GI23 " + "GL18 GT28 HU28 IS26 IE22 IL23 IT27 KZ20 KW30 LV21 ...
Give a code snippet in #Java This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at IBAN. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) The   International Bank Account Number (IBAN)...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Read_entire_file
Read entire file
Task Load the entire contents of some text file as a single string variable. If applicable, discuss: encoding selection, the possibility of memory-mapping. Of course, in practice one should avoid reading an entire file at once if the file is large and the task can be accomplished incrementally instead (in which case...
#Prolog
Prolog
  :- initialization(main).   main :- current_prolog_flag(argv, [File|_]), read_file_to_string(File, String, []).  
Give a code snippet in #Prolog Task Load the entire contents of some text file as a single string variable. If applicable, discuss: encoding selection, the possibility of memory-mapping. Of course, in practice one should avoid reading an entire file at once if the file is large and the task can be accomplished incr...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Power_set
Power set
A   set   is a collection (container) of certain values, without any particular order, and no repeated values. It corresponds with a finite set in mathematics. A set can be implemented as an associative array (partial mapping) in which the value of each key-value pair is ignored. Given a set S, the power set (or pow...
#Sidef
Sidef
var arr = %w(a b c) for i in (0 .. arr.len) { say arr.combinations(i) }
Give a code snippet in #Sidef A   set   is a collection (container) of certain values, without any particular order, and no repeated values. It corresponds with a finite set in mathematics. A set can be implemented as an associative array (partial mapping) in which the value of each key-value pair is ignored. Given...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Zig-zag_matrix
Zig-zag matrix
Task Produce a zig-zag array. A   zig-zag   array is a square arrangement of the first   N2   natural numbers,   where the numbers increase sequentially as you zig-zag along the array's   anti-diagonals. For a graphical representation, see   JPG zigzag   (JPG uses such arrays to encode images). For example, gi...
#C.23
C#
public static int[,] ZigZag(int n) { int[,] result = new int[n, n]; int i = 0, j = 0; int d = -1; // -1 for top-right move, +1 for bottom-left move int start = 0, end = n * n - 1; do { result[i, j] = start++; result[n - i - 1, n - j - 1] = end--;   i += d; j -= d; ...
Give a code snippet in #C.23 Task Produce a zig-zag array. A   zig-zag   array is a square arrangement of the first   N2   natural numbers,   where the numbers increase sequentially as you zig-zag along the array's   anti-diagonals. For a graphical representation, see   JPG zigzag   (JPG uses such arrays to enco...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Conway%27s_Game_of_Life
Conway's Game of Life
The Game of Life is a   cellular automaton   devised by the British mathematician   John Horton Conway   in 1970.   It is the best-known example of a cellular automaton. Conway's game of life is described   here: A cell   C   is represented by a   1   when alive,   or   0   when dead,   in an   m-by-m   (or m×m)   sq...
#Delphi
Delphi
  program game_of_life;   {$APPTYPE CONSOLE}       uses System.SysUtils, Velthuis.Console; // CrlScr   type TBoolMatrix = TArray<TArray<Boolean>>;   TField = record s: TBoolMatrix; w, h: Integer; procedure SetValue(x, y: Integer; b: boolean); function Next(x, y: Integer): boolean; function S...
Give a code snippet in #Delphi The Game of Life is a   cellular automaton   devised by the British mathematician   John Horton Conway   in 1970.   It is the best-known example of a cellular automaton. Conway's game of life is described   here: A cell   C   is represented by a   1   when alive,   or   0   when dead, ...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/The_Twelve_Days_of_Christmas
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Task Write a program that outputs the lyrics of the Christmas carol The Twelve Days of Christmas. The lyrics can be found here. (You must reproduce the words in the correct order, but case, format, and punctuation are left to your discretion.) Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length Stri...
#Action.21
Action!
PROC Wait(BYTE frames) BYTE RTCLOK=$14 frames==+RTCLOK WHILE frames#RTCLOK DO OD RETURN   PROC Main() DEFINE PTR="CARD" PTR ARRAY num(12),obj(12) BYTE i,j   num(0)="first" num(1)="second" num(2)="third" num(3)="fourth" num(4)="fifth" num(5)="sixth" num(6)="seventh" num(7)="eight" num(8)="ninth" num(...
Give a code snippet in #Action.21 Task Write a program that outputs the lyrics of the Christmas carol The Twelve Days of Christmas. The lyrics can be found here. (You must reproduce the words in the correct order, but case, format, and punctuation are left to your discretion.) Other tasks related to string opera...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Text_processing/Max_licenses_in_use
Text processing/Max licenses in use
A company currently pays a fixed sum for the use of a particular licensed software package.   In determining if it has a good deal it decides to calculate its maximum use of the software from its license management log file. Assume the software's licensing daemon faithfully records a checkout event when a copy of the ...
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "bufio" "bytes" "fmt" "log" "os" )   const ( filename = "mlijobs.txt" inoutField = 1 timeField = 3 numFields = 7 )   func main() { file, err := os.Open(filename) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer file.Close() var ml, out in...
Give a code snippet in #Go A company currently pays a fixed sum for the use of a particular licensed software package.   In determining if it has a good deal it decides to calculate its maximum use of the software from its license management log file. Assume the software's licensing daemon faithfully records a checko...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Random_numbers
Random numbers
Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Related task   Standard deviation
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// version 1.0.6   import java.util.Random   fun main(args: Array<String>) { val r = Random() val da = DoubleArray(1000) for (i in 0 until 1000) da[i] = 1.0 + 0.5 * r.nextGaussian() // now check actual mean and SD val mean = da.average() val sd = Math.sqrt(da.map { (it - mean) * (it - mean) }.a...
Give a code snippet in #Kotlin Task Generate a collection filled with   1000   normally distributed random (or pseudo-random) numbers with a mean of   1.0   and a   standard deviation   of   0.5 Many libraries only generate uniformly distributed random numbers. If so, you may use one of these algorithms. Relate...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Balanced_ternary
Balanced ternary
Balanced ternary is a way of representing numbers. Unlike the prevailing binary representation, a balanced ternary integer is in base 3, and each digit can have the values 1, 0, or −1. Examples Decimal 11 = 32 + 31 − 30, thus it can be written as "++−" Decimal 6 = 32 − 31 + 0 × 30, thus it can be written as "+−0" ...
#Nim
Nim
import strformat import tables   type   # Trit definition. Trit = range[-1'i8..1'i8]   # Balanced ternary number as a sequence of trits stored in little endian way. BTernary = seq[Trit]   const   # Textual representation of trits. Trits: array[Trit, char] = ['-', '0', '+']   # Symbolic names used for trit...
Give a code snippet in #Nim Balanced ternary is a way of representing numbers. Unlike the prevailing binary representation, a balanced ternary integer is in base 3, and each digit can have the values 1, 0, or −1. Examples Decimal 11 = 32 + 31 − 30, thus it can be written as "++−" Decimal 6 = 32 − 31 + 0 × 30, thu...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Memory_allocation
Memory allocation
Task Show how to explicitly allocate and deallocate blocks of memory in your language. Show access to different types of memory (i.e., heap, stack, shared, foreign) if applicable.
#BBC_BASIC
BBC BASIC
size% = 12345 DIM mem% size%-1 PRINT ; size% " bytes of heap allocated at " ; mem%
Give a code snippet in #BBC_BASIC Task Show how to explicitly allocate and deallocate blocks of memory in your language. Show access to different types of memory (i.e., heap, stack, shared, foreign) if applicable.
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Van_der_Corput_sequence
Van der Corput sequence
When counting integers in binary, if you put a (binary) point to the righEasyLangt of the count then the column immediately to the left denotes a digit with a multiplier of 2 0 {\displaystyle 2^{0}} ; the digit in the next column to the left has a multiplier of 2 1 {\displaystyle 2^{1}} ; and so o...
#ERRE
ERRE
PROGRAM VAN_DER_CORPUT   ! ! for rosettacode.org !   PROCEDURE VDC(N%,B%->RES) LOCAL V,S% S%=1 WHILE N%>0 DO S%*=B% V+=(N% MOD B%)/S% N%=N% DIV B% END WHILE RES=V END PROCEDURE   BEGIN FOR BASE%=2 TO 5 DO PRINT("Base";STR$(BASE%);":") FOR NUMBE...
Give a code snippet in #ERRE When counting integers in binary, if you put a (binary) point to the righEasyLangt of the count then the column immediately to the left denotes a digit with a multiplier of 2 0 {\displaystyle 2^{0}} ; the digit in the next column to the left has a multiplier of 2 1 {\d...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Word_wrap
Word wrap
Even today, with proportional fonts and complex layouts, there are still cases where you need to wrap text at a specified column. Basic task The basic task is to wrap a paragraph of text in a simple way in your language. If there is a way to do this that is built-in, trivial, or provided in a standard library, sho...
#Phix
Phix
string s = substitute("""In olden times when wishing still helped one, there lived a king whose daughters were all beautiful, but the youngest was so beautiful that the sun itself, which has seen so much, was astonished whenever it shone in her face. Close by the king's castle lay a great dark forest, and under an old ...
Give a code snippet in #Phix Even today, with proportional fonts and complex layouts, there are still cases where you need to wrap text at a specified column. Basic task The basic task is to wrap a paragraph of text in a simple way in your language. If there is a way to do this that is built-in, trivial, or provi...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Rep-string
Rep-string
Given a series of ones and zeroes in a string, define a repeated string or rep-string as a string which is created by repeating a substring of the first N characters of the string truncated on the right to the length of the input string, and in which the substring appears repeated at least twice in the original. For e...
#Ada
Ada
with Ada.Command_Line, Ada.Text_IO, Ada.Strings.Fixed;   procedure Rep_String is   function Find_Largest_Rep_String(S:String) return String is L: Natural := S'Length; begin for I in reverse 1 .. L/2 loop declare use Ada.Strings.Fixed; T: String := S(S'First .. S'First + I-1); -- the first ...
Give a code snippet in #Ada Given a series of ones and zeroes in a string, define a repeated string or rep-string as a string which is created by repeating a substring of the first N characters of the string truncated on the right to the length of the input string, and in which the substring appears repeated at least ...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sum_of_squares
Sum of squares
Task Write a program to find the sum of squares of a numeric vector. The program should work on a zero-length vector (with an answer of   0). Related task   Mean
#Octave
Octave
a = [1:10]; sumsq = sum(a .^ 2);
Give a code snippet in #Octave Task Write a program to find the sum of squares of a numeric vector. The program should work on a zero-length vector (with an answer of   0). Related task   Mean
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Call_a_function_in_a_shared_library
Call a function in a shared library
Show how to call a function in a shared library (without dynamically linking to it at compile-time). In particular, show how to call the shared library function if the library is available, otherwise use an internal equivalent function. This is a special case of calling a foreign language function where the focus is c...
#Raku
Raku
use NativeCall;   sub XOpenDisplay(Str $s --> int64) is native('X11') {*} sub XCloseDisplay(int64 $i --> int32) is native('X11') {*}   if try my $d = XOpenDisplay ":0.0" { say "ID = $d"; XCloseDisplay($d); } else { say "No X11 library!"; say "Use this window instead --> ⬜"; }
Give a code snippet in #Raku Show how to call a function in a shared library (without dynamically linking to it at compile-time). In particular, show how to call the shared library function if the library is available, otherwise use an internal equivalent function. This is a special case of calling a foreign language...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Knuth_shuffle
Knuth shuffle
The   Knuth shuffle   (a.k.a. the Fisher-Yates shuffle)   is an algorithm for randomly shuffling the elements of an array. Task Implement the Knuth shuffle for an integer array (or, if possible, an array of any type). Specification Given an array items with indices ranging from 0 to last, the algorithm can be d...
#ALGOL_68
ALGOL 68
PROC between = (INT a, b)INT : ( ENTIER (random * ABS (b-a+1) + (a<b|a|b)) );   PROC knuth shuffle = (REF[]INT a)VOID: ( FOR i FROM LWB a TO UPB a DO INT j = between(LWB a, UPB a); INT t = a[i]; a[i] := a[j]; a[j] := t OD );
Give a code snippet in #ALGOL_68 The   Knuth shuffle   (a.k.a. the Fisher-Yates shuffle)   is an algorithm for randomly shuffling the elements of an array. Task Implement the Knuth shuffle for an integer array (or, if possible, an array of any type). Specification Given an array items with indices ranging from...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Calculating_the_value_of_e
Calculating the value of e
Task Calculate the value of   e. (e   is also known as   Euler's number   and   Napier's constant.) See details: Calculating the value of e
#Rust
Rust
const EPSILON: f64 = 1e-15;   fn main() { let mut fact: u64 = 1; let mut e: f64 = 2.0; let mut n: u64 = 2; loop { let e0 = e; fact *= n; n += 1; e += 1.0 / fact as f64; if (e - e0).abs() < EPSILON { break; } } println!("e = {:.15}", e);...
Give a code snippet in #Rust Task Calculate the value of   e. (e   is also known as   Euler's number   and   Napier's constant.) See details: Calculating the value of e
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Count_in_factors
Count in factors
Task Write a program which counts up from   1,   displaying each number as the multiplication of its prime factors. For the purpose of this task,   1   (unity)   may be shown as itself. Example       2   is prime,   so it would be shown as itself.       6   is not prime;   it would be shown as   2 × 3 {\di...
#Pascal
Pascal
program CountInFactors(output);   {$IFDEF FPC} {$MODE DELPHI} {$ENDIF}   type TdynArray = array of integer;   function factorize(number: integer): TdynArray; var k: integer; begin if number = 1 then begin setlength(Result, 1); Result[0] := 1 end else begin k := 2; while number > 1 do ...
Give a code snippet in #Pascal Task Write a program which counts up from   1,   displaying each number as the multiplication of its prime factors. For the purpose of this task,   1   (unity)   may be shown as itself. Example       2   is prime,   so it would be shown as itself.       6   is not prime;   it woul...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Permutations
Permutations
Task Write a program that generates all   permutations   of   n   different objects.   (Practically numerals!) Related tasks   Find the missing permutation   Permutations/Derangements The number of samples of size k from n objects. With   combinations and permutations   generation tasks. Order Uni...
#VBA
VBA
Public Sub Permute(n As Integer, Optional printem As Boolean = True) 'Generate, count and print (if printem is not false) all permutations of first n integers Dim P() As Integer Dim t As Integer, i As Integer, j As Integer, k As Integer Dim count As Long Dim Last As Boolean   If n <= 1 Then   Debug.Print "Please gi...
Give a code snippet in #VBA Task Write a program that generates all   permutations   of   n   different objects.   (Practically numerals!) Related tasks   Find the missing permutation   Permutations/Derangements The number of samples of size k from n objects. With   combinations and permutations   genera...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sexy_primes
Sexy primes
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Sexy_prime. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) In mathematics, sexy primes are prime numbers that differ from each ot...
#C.2B.2B
C++
#include <array> #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <boost/circular_buffer.hpp> #include "prime_sieve.hpp"   int main() { using std::cout; using std::vector; using boost::circular_buffer; using group_buffer = circular_buffer<vector<int>>;   const int max = 1000035; const int max_grou...
Give a code snippet in #C.2B.2B This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Sexy_prime. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) In mathematics, sexy primes are prime...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Pythagoras_tree
Pythagoras tree
The Pythagoras tree is a fractal tree constructed from squares. It is named after Pythagoras because each triple of touching squares encloses a right triangle, in a configuration traditionally used to represent the Pythagorean theorem. Task Construct a Pythagoras tree of order 7 using only vectors (no rotation or ...
#BASIC256
BASIC256
  Subroutine pythagoras_tree(x1, y1, x2, y2, depth) If depth > 10 Then Return   dx = x2 - x1 : dy = y1 - y2 x3 = x2 - dy : y3 = y2 - dx x4 = x1 - dy : y4 = y1 - dx x5 = x4 + (dx - dy) / 2 y5 = y4 - (dx + dy) / 2 #draw the box Line x1, y1, x2, y2 : Line x2, y2, x3, y3 Line x3, y3, x4, y4 : Line x4, y4, x1, y1  ...
Give a code snippet in #BASIC256 The Pythagoras tree is a fractal tree constructed from squares. It is named after Pythagoras because each triple of touching squares encloses a right triangle, in a configuration traditionally used to represent the Pythagorean theorem. Task Construct a Pythagoras tree of order 7 u...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Hello_world/Newline_omission
Hello world/Newline omission
Some languages automatically insert a newline after outputting a string, unless measures are taken to prevent its output. Task Display the string   Goodbye, World!   without a trailing newline. Related tasks   Hello world/Graphical   Hello world/Line Printer   Hello world/Standard error   Hello world/Text
#EchoLisp
EchoLisp
  (begin (write "GoodBye, World") (write "Next on same line"))  
Give a code snippet in #EchoLisp Some languages automatically insert a newline after outputting a string, unless measures are taken to prevent its output. Task Display the string   Goodbye, World!   without a trailing newline. Related tasks   Hello world/Graphical   Hello world/Line Printer   Hello world/St...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Convert_seconds_to_compound_duration
Convert seconds to compound duration
Task Write a function or program which:   takes a positive integer representing a duration in seconds as input (e.g., 100), and   returns a string which shows the same duration decomposed into:   weeks,   days,   hours,   minutes,   and   seconds. This is detailed below (e.g., "2 hr, 59 sec"). Demonstrat...
#Applesoft_BASIC
Applesoft BASIC
100 DATA604800,WK,86400,D,3600,HR,60,MIN,1,SEC 110 FOR I = 0 TO 4 120 READ M(I), U$(I) 130 NEXT 140 DATA7259,86400,6000000 150 ON ERR GOTO 270 160 READ S 170 GOSUB 200 180 PRINT S " = " S$ 190 GOTO 160   200 N = S 210 S$ = "" 220 FOR I = 0 TO 4 230 IF INT(N / M(I)) THEN S$ = S$ + MID$(", ", 1, (LEN(...
Give a code snippet in #Applesoft_BASIC Task Write a function or program which:   takes a positive integer representing a duration in seconds as input (e.g., 100), and   returns a string which shows the same duration decomposed into:   weeks,   days,   hours,   minutes,   and   seconds. This is detailed be...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Compare_a_list_of_strings
Compare a list of strings
Task Given a   list   of arbitrarily many strings, show how to:   test if they are all lexically equal   test if every string is lexically less than the one after it (i.e. whether the list is in strict ascending order) Each of those two tests should result in a single true or false value, which could be used as t...
#Prolog
Prolog
los(["AA","BB","CC"]). los(["AA","AA","AA"]). los(["AA","CC","BB"]). los(["AA","ACB","BB","CC"]). los(["single_element"]).   lexically_equal(S,S,S). in_order(G,L,G) :- compare(<,L,G).   test_list(List) :- List = [L|T], write('for list '), write(List), nl, (foldl(lexically_equal, T, L, _) -> writel...
Give a code snippet in #Prolog Task Given a   list   of arbitrarily many strings, show how to:   test if they are all lexically equal   test if every string is lexically less than the one after it (i.e. whether the list is in strict ascending order) Each of those two tests should result in a single true or false...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Hash_from_two_arrays
Hash from two arrays
Task Using two Arrays of equal length, create a Hash object where the elements from one array (the keys) are linked to the elements of the other (the values) Related task   Associative arrays/Creation
#Picat
Picat
go => A = [a,b,c,d,e], B = [1,2,3,4,5], Map = new_map([K=V : {K,V} in zip(A,B)]), println(Map).
Give a code snippet in #Picat Task Using two Arrays of equal length, create a Hash object where the elements from one array (the keys) are linked to the elements of the other (the values) Related task   Associative arrays/Creation
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sleep
Sleep
Task Write a program that does the following in this order: Input an amount of time to sleep in whatever units are most natural for your language (milliseconds, seconds, ticks, etc.). This unit should be noted in comments or in a description. Print "Sleeping..." Sleep the main thread for the given amount of time. ...
#Elena
Elena
import extensions;   public program() { int sleep := console.readLine().toInt(); console.printLine("Sleeping..."); system'threading'threadControl.sleep(sleep); console.printLine("Awake!") }
Give a code snippet in #Elena Task Write a program that does the following in this order: Input an amount of time to sleep in whatever units are most natural for your language (milliseconds, seconds, ticks, etc.). This unit should be noted in comments or in a description. Print "Sleeping..." Sleep the main thread...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Singly-linked_list/Element_insertion
Singly-linked list/Element insertion
Singly-Linked List (element) singly-linked list Using this method, insert an element C into a list comprised of elements A->B, following element A. See also Array Associative array: Creation, Iteration Collections Compound data type Doubly-linked list: Definition, Element definition, Element insertion, List Trav...
#PL.2FI
PL/I
  /* Let H be a pointer to a node in a one-way-linked list. */ /* Insert an element, whose value is given by variable V, following that node. */   allocate node set (Q); node.p = H; /* The new node now points at the list where we want to insert it. */ node.value = V; H->p = Q; /* Break the list at H, and point it at ...
Give a code snippet in #PL.2FI Singly-Linked List (element) singly-linked list Using this method, insert an element C into a list comprised of elements A->B, following element A. See also Array Associative array: Creation, Iteration Collections Compound data type Doubly-linked list: Definition, Element definiti...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Concurrent_computing
Concurrent computing
Task Using either native language concurrency syntax or freely available libraries, write a program to display the strings "Enjoy" "Rosetta" "Code", one string per line, in random order. Concurrency syntax must use threads, tasks, co-routines, or whatever concurrency is called in your language.
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "fmt" "golang.org/x/exp/rand" "time" )   func main() { words := []string{"Enjoy", "Rosetta", "Code"} seed := uint64(time.Now().UnixNano()) q := make(chan string) for i, w := range words { go func(w string, seed uint64) { r := rand.New(rand.NewSourc...
Give a code snippet in #Go Task Using either native language concurrency syntax or freely available libraries, write a program to display the strings "Enjoy" "Rosetta" "Code", one string per line, in random order. Concurrency syntax must use threads, tasks, co-routines, or whatever concurrency is called in your lang...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Zig-zag_matrix
Zig-zag matrix
Task Produce a zig-zag array. A   zig-zag   array is a square arrangement of the first   N2   natural numbers,   where the numbers increase sequentially as you zig-zag along the array's   anti-diagonals. For a graphical representation, see   JPG zigzag   (JPG uses such arrays to encode images). For example, gi...
#Scala
Scala
def zigzag(n: Int): Array[Array[Int]] = { val l = for (i <- 0 until n*n) yield (i%n, i/n) val lSorted = l.sortWith { case ((x,y), (u,v)) => if (x+y == u+v) if ((x+y) % 2 == 0) x<u else y<v else x+y < u+v } val res = Array.ofDim[Int](n, n) lSorted.zipWithIndex fo...
Give a code snippet in #Scala Task Produce a zig-zag array. A   zig-zag   array is a square arrangement of the first   N2   natural numbers,   where the numbers increase sequentially as you zig-zag along the array's   anti-diagonals. For a graphical representation, see   JPG zigzag   (JPG uses such arrays to enc...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Operator_precedence
Operator precedence
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Operators in C and C++. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Task Provide a list of   precedence   and   associativity...
#OCaml
OCaml
q)3*2+1 9 q)(3*2)+1 / Brackets give the usual order of precedence 7 q)x:5 q)(x+5; x:20; x-5) 25 20 0
Give a code snippet in #OCaml This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Operators in C and C++. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Task Provide a list of   p...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher
Substitution cipher
Substitution Cipher Implementation - File Encryption/Decryption Task Encrypt a input/source file by replacing every upper/lower case alphabets of the source file with another predetermined upper/lower case alphabets or symbols and save it into another output/encrypted file and then again convert that output/encrypt...
#C.2B.2B
C++
  #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <fstream>   class cipher { public: bool work( std::string e, std::string f, std::string k ) { if( e.length() < 1 ) return false; fileBuffer = readFile( f ); if( "" == fileBuffer ) return false; keyBuffer = readFile( k ); if( ""...
Give a code snippet in #C.2B.2B Substitution Cipher Implementation - File Encryption/Decryption Task Encrypt a input/source file by replacing every upper/lower case alphabets of the source file with another predetermined upper/lower case alphabets or symbols and save it into another output/encrypted file and then ...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Four_is_magic
Four is magic
Task Write a subroutine, function, whatever it may be called in your language, that takes an integer number and returns an English text sequence starting with the English cardinal representation of that integer, the word 'is' and then the English cardinal representation of the count of characters that made up the firs...
#Phix
Phix
with javascript_semantics --<adapted from demo\rosetta\number_names.exw, which alas outputs ",", "and", uses "minus" instead of "negative", etc...> constant twenties = {"zero","one","two","three","four","five","six","seven","eight","nine","ten", "eleven","twelve","thirteen","fourteen","fifteen","sixteen","seventeen...
Give a code snippet in #Phix Task Write a subroutine, function, whatever it may be called in your language, that takes an integer number and returns an English text sequence starting with the English cardinal representation of that integer, the word 'is' and then the English cardinal representation of the count of ch...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#Ring
Ring
  load "guilib.ring"   new qapp { win1 = new qwidget() { setwindowtitle("Mandelbrot set") setgeometry(100,100,500,500) label1 = new qlabel(win1) { setgeometry(10,10,400,400) settext("") } ...
Give a code snippet in #Ring Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Integer_sequence
Integer sequence
Task Create a program that, when run, would display all integers from   1   to   ∞   (or any relevant implementation limit),   in sequence   (i.e.   1, 2, 3, 4, etc)   if given enough time. An example may not be able to reach arbitrarily-large numbers based on implementations limits.   For example, if integer...
#BBC_BASIC
BBC BASIC
*FLOAT 64 REPEAT i += 1 PRINT TAB(0,0) i; UNTIL FALSE
Give a code snippet in #BBC_BASIC Task Create a program that, when run, would display all integers from   1   to   ∞   (or any relevant implementation limit),   in sequence   (i.e.   1, 2, 3, 4, etc)   if given enough time. An example may not be able to reach arbitrarily-large numbers based on implementation...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Convert_seconds_to_compound_duration
Convert seconds to compound duration
Task Write a function or program which:   takes a positive integer representing a duration in seconds as input (e.g., 100), and   returns a string which shows the same duration decomposed into:   weeks,   days,   hours,   minutes,   and   seconds. This is detailed below (e.g., "2 hr, 59 sec"). Demonstrat...
#Batch_File
Batch File
@echo off ::The Main Thing... for %%d in (7259 86400 6000000) do call :duration %%d exit/b 0 ::/The Main Thing. ::The Function... :duration set output= set /a "wk=%1/604800,rem=%1%%604800" if %wk% neq 0 set "output= %wk% wk,"   set /a "d=%rem%/86400,rem=%rem%%%86400" if %d% neq 0 set "output=%output% %d% d,"   s...
Give a code snippet in #Batch_File Task Write a function or program which:   takes a positive integer representing a duration in seconds as input (e.g., 100), and   returns a string which shows the same duration decomposed into:   weeks,   days,   hours,   minutes,   and   seconds. This is detailed below (...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Letter_frequency
Letter frequency
Task Open a text file and count the occurrences of each letter. Some of these programs count all characters (including punctuation), but some only count letters A to Z. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequen...
#SenseTalk
SenseTalk
  put file "~/Documents/addresses.csv" into source   repeat with each character of source if it is a controlChar then next repeat -- skip control characters if it is a lowercase then put "." after it -- make keys distinct add 1 to counts.(it) end repeat   repeat with each (theChar, count) in counts put char 1 of th...
Give a code snippet in #SenseTalk Task Open a text file and count the occurrences of each letter. Some of these programs count all characters (including punctuation), but some only count letters A to Z. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  ...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Time_a_function
Time a function
Task Write a program which uses a timer (with the least granularity available on your system) to time how long a function takes to execute. Whenever possible, use methods which measure only the processing time used by the current process; instead of the difference in system time between start and finish, which could ...
#Maxima
Maxima
f(n) := if n < 2 then n else f(n - 1) + f(n - 2)$   /* First solution, call the time function with an output line number, it gives the time taken to compute that line. Here it's assumed to be %o2 */ f(24); 46368   time(%o2); [0.99]   /* Second solution, change a system flag to print timings for all following lines *...
Give a code snippet in #Maxima Task Write a program which uses a timer (with the least granularity available on your system) to time how long a function takes to execute. Whenever possible, use methods which measure only the processing time used by the current process; instead of the difference in system time betwee...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Hello_world/Text
Hello world/Text
Hello world/Text is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection. Task Display the string Hello world! on a text console. Related tasks   Hello world/Graphical   Hello world/Line Printer   Hello world/Newbie   Hello world/Newline omission   Hello world/Standard error   Hello world/Web server
#DIBOL-11
DIBOL-11
  START  ;Hello World   RECORD HELLO , A11, 'Hello World'   PROC XCALL FLAGS (0007000000,1)  ;Suppress STOP message   OPEN(8,O,'TT:') WRITES(8,HELLO) END    
Give a code snippet in #DIBOL-11 Hello world/Text is part of Short Circuit's Console Program Basics selection. Task Display the string Hello world! on a text console. Related tasks   Hello world/Graphical   Hello world/Line Printer   Hello world/Newbie   Hello world/Newline omission   Hello world/Standard erro...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Long_year
Long year
Most years have 52 weeks, some have 53, according to ISO8601. Task Write a function which determines if a given year is long (53 weeks) or not, and demonstrate it.
#Ring
Ring
  see "long years 2000-2099: " for year = 2000 to 2100 num1 = (year-1900)%7 num2 = floor((year-1904)/4) num3 = (num1+num2+5)%7 if num3 = 0 or (num1 = 6 and num3 = 1) see "" + year + " " ok next  
Give a code snippet in #Ring Most years have 52 weeks, some have 53, according to ISO8601. Task Write a function which determines if a given year is long (53 weeks) or not, and demonstrate it.
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Inverted_syntax
Inverted syntax
Inverted syntax with conditional expressions In traditional syntax conditional expressions are usually shown before the action within a statement or code block: IF raining=true THEN needumbrella=true In inverted syntax, the action is listed before the conditional expression in the statement or code block: needumb...
#Perl
Perl
if ($guess == 6) { print "Wow! Lucky Guess!"; }; # Traditional syntax print 'Wow! Lucky Guess!' if $guess == 6; # Inverted syntax (note missing braces and parens) unless ($guess == 6) { print "Sorry, your guess was wrong!"; } # Traditional syntax print 'Huh! You Guessed Wrong!' unless $guess == 6; ...
Give a code snippet in #Perl Inverted syntax with conditional expressions In traditional syntax conditional expressions are usually shown before the action within a statement or code block: IF raining=true THEN needumbrella=true In inverted syntax, the action is listed before the conditional expression in the stat...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Abundant,_deficient_and_perfect_number_classifications
Abundant, deficient and perfect number classifications
These define three classifications of positive integers based on their   proper divisors. Let   P(n)   be the sum of the proper divisors of   n   where the proper divisors are all positive divisors of   n   other than   n   itself. if P(n) < n then n is classed as deficient (OEIS A005100). if P(n)...
#AppleScript
AppleScript
on aliquotSum(n) if (n < 2) then return 0 set sum to 1 set sqrt to n ^ 0.5 set limit to sqrt div 1 if (limit = sqrt) then set sum to sum + limit set limit to limit - 1 end if repeat with i from 2 to limit if (n mod i is 0) then set sum to sum + i + n div i end rep...
Give a code snippet in #AppleScript These define three classifications of positive integers based on their   proper divisors. Let   P(n)   be the sum of the proper divisors of   n   where the proper divisors are all positive divisors of   n   other than   n   itself. if P(n) < n then n is classed as def...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/String_concatenation
String concatenation
String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string literal. To illustrate the operat...
#Ela
Ela
hello = "Hello" hello'world = hello ++ ", " ++ "world" (hello, hello'world)
Give a code snippet in #Ela String concatenation You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create a string variable equal to any text value. Create another string variable whose value is the original variable concatenated with another string liter...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance
Levenshtein distance
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Levenshtein distance. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) In information theory and computer science, the Levenshtein ...
#AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey
levenshtein(s, t){ If s = return StrLen(t) If t = return strLen(s) If SubStr(s, 1, 1) = SubStr(t, 1, 1) return levenshtein(SubStr(s, 2), SubStr(t, 2)) a := Levenshtein(SubStr(s, 2), SubStr(t, 2)) b := Levenshtein(s, SubStr(t, 2)) c := Levenshtein(SubStr(s, 2), t ) If (a > b) a := b ...
Give a code snippet in #AutoHotkey This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Levenshtein distance. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) In information theory an...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/24_game
24 game
The 24 Game tests one's mental arithmetic. Task Write a program that randomly chooses and displays four digits, each from 1 ──► 9 (inclusive) with repetitions allowed. The program should prompt for the player to enter an arithmetic expression using just those, and all of those four digits, used exactly once each. T...
#Modula-2
Modula-2
MODULE TwentyFour;   FROM InOut IMPORT WriteString, WriteLn, Write, ReadString, WriteInt; FROM RandomGenerator IMPORT Random;   TYPE operator_t = (add, sub, mul, div); expr_t = RECORD operand : ARRAY[0..3] OF CARDINAL; operator : ARRAY[1..3] OF operator_t; END;(*of RECORD*) numbers_t...
Give a code snippet in #Modula-2 The 24 Game tests one's mental arithmetic. Task Write a program that randomly chooses and displays four digits, each from 1 ──► 9 (inclusive) with repetitions allowed. The program should prompt for the player to enter an arithmetic expression using just those, and all of those four...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nested_function
Nested function
In many languages, functions can be nested, resulting in outer functions and inner functions. The inner function can access variables from the outer function. In most languages, the inner function can also modify variables in the outer function. Task Write a program consisting of two nested functions that prints t...
#C.2B.2B
C++
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector>   std::vector<std::string> makeList(std::string separator) { auto counter = 0; auto makeItem = [&](std::string item) { return std::to_string(++counter) + separator + item; }; return {makeItem("first"), makeItem("second"), makeItem("third")}; }   int ma...
Give a code snippet in #C.2B.2B In many languages, functions can be nested, resulting in outer functions and inner functions. The inner function can access variables from the outer function. In most languages, the inner function can also modify variables in the outer function. Task Write a program consisting of t...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Null_object
Null object
Null (or nil) is the computer science concept of an undefined or unbound object. Some languages have an explicit way to access the null object, and some don't. Some languages distinguish the null object from undefined values, and some don't. Task Show how to access null in your language by checking to see if an ob...
#FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC
'FB 1.05.0 Win64   ' FreeBASIC does not have a NULL keyword but it's possible to create one using a macro   #Define NULL CPtr(Any Ptr, 0) '' Any Ptr is implicitly convertible to pointers of other types   Type Dog name As String age As Integer End Type   Dim d As Dog Ptr = New Dog d->Name = "Rover" d->Age = 5 Print ...
Give a code snippet in #FreeBASIC Null (or nil) is the computer science concept of an undefined or unbound object. Some languages have an explicit way to access the null object, and some don't. Some languages distinguish the null object from undefined values, and some don't. Task Show how to access null in your l...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Averages/Mean_time_of_day
Averages/Mean time of day
Task[edit] A particular activity of bats occurs at these times of the day: 23:00:17, 23:40:20, 00:12:45, 00:17:19 Using the idea that there are twenty-four hours in a day, which is analogous to there being 360 degrees in a circle, map times of day to and from angles; and using the ideas of Averages/Mean angle compute ...
#PARI.2FGP
PARI/GP
meanAngle(v)=atan(sum(i=1,#v,sin(v[i]))/sum(i=1,#v,cos(v[i])))%(2*Pi) meanTime(v)=my(x=meanAngle(2*Pi*apply(u->u[1]/24+u[2]/1440+u[3]/86400, v))*12/Pi); [x\1, 60*(x-=x\1)\1, round(60*(60*x-60*x\1))] meanTime([[23,0,17], [23,40,20], [0,12,45], [0,17,19]])
Give a code snippet in #PARI.2FGP Task[edit] A particular activity of bats occurs at these times of the day: 23:00:17, 23:40:20, 00:12:45, 00:17:19 Using the idea that there are twenty-four hours in a day, which is analogous to there being 360 degrees in a circle, map times of day to and from angles; and using the id...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Last_letter-first_letter
Last letter-first letter
A certain children's game involves starting with a word in a particular category.   Each participant in turn says a word, but that word must begin with the final letter of the previous word.   Once a word has been given, it cannot be repeated.   If an opponent cannot give a word in the category, they fall out of the ga...
#C
C
#include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <inttypes.h>   typedef struct { uint16_t index; char last_char, first_char; } Ref;   Ref* longest_path_refs; size_t longest_path_refs_len;   Ref* refs; size_t refs_len;   size_t n_solutions;   const char** longest_path; size_t longest_path_len;...
Give a code snippet in #C A certain children's game involves starting with a word in a particular category.   Each participant in turn says a word, but that word must begin with the final letter of the previous word.   Once a word has been given, it cannot be repeated.   If an opponent cannot give a word in the catego...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Evaluate_binomial_coefficients
Evaluate binomial coefficients
This programming task, is to calculate ANY binomial coefficient. However, it has to be able to output   ( 5 3 ) {\displaystyle {\binom {5}{3}}} ,   which is   10. This formula is recommended: ( n k ) = n ! ( n − k ) ! k ! = n ( n − 1 ) ( n − 2 ) … ( n − k + 1 ) k ( k − 1...
#Liberty_BASIC
Liberty BASIC
  ' [RC] Binomial Coefficients   print "Binomial Coefficient of "; 5; " and "; 3; " is ",BinomialCoefficient( 5, 3) n =1 +int( 10 *rnd( 1)) k =1 +int( n *rnd( 1)) print "Binomial Coefficient of "; n; " and "; k; " is ",BinomialCoefficient( n, k)   end   function BinomialCoefficient( n, k) ...
Give a code snippet in #Liberty_BASIC This programming task, is to calculate ANY binomial coefficient. However, it has to be able to output   ( 5 3 ) {\displaystyle {\binom {5}{3}}} ,   which is   10. This formula is recommended: ( n k ) = n ! ( n − k ) ! k ! = n ( n − 1 ...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Quine
Quine
A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   self-reproducing program      ...
#zkl
zkl
zkl: 123 123
Give a code snippet in #zkl A quine is a self-referential program that can, without any external access, output its own source. A   quine   (named after Willard Van Orman Quine)   is also known as:   self-reproducing automata   (1972)   self-replicating program         or   self-replicating computer program   s...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#Huginn
Huginn
#! /bin/sh exec huginn -E "${0}" "${@}" #! huginn   import Algorithms as algo; import Mathematics as math; import Terminal as term;   mandelbrot( x, y ) { c = math.Complex( x, y ); z = math.Complex( 0., 0. ); s = -1; for ( i : algo.range( 50 ) ) { z = z * z + c; if ( | z | > 2. ) { s = i; br...
Give a code snippet in #Huginn Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Draw_a_cuboid
Draw a cuboid
Task Draw a   cuboid   with relative dimensions of   2 × 3 × 4. The cuboid can be represented graphically, or in   ASCII art,   depending on the language capabilities. To fulfill the criteria of being a cuboid, three faces must be visible. Either static or rotational projection is acceptable for this task. R...
#Python
Python
def _pr(t, x, y, z): txt = '\n'.join(''.join(t[(n,m)] for n in range(3+x+z)).rstrip() for m in reversed(range(3+y+z))) return txt   def cuboid(x,y,z): t = {(n,m):' ' for n in range(3+x+z) for m in range(3+y+z)} xrow = ['+'] + ['%i' % (i % 10) for i in range(x)] + ['+'] for i,ch i...
Give a code snippet in #Python Task Draw a   cuboid   with relative dimensions of   2 × 3 × 4. The cuboid can be represented graphically, or in   ASCII art,   depending on the language capabilities. To fulfill the criteria of being a cuboid, three faces must be visible. Either static or rotational projection i...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/SHA-256_Merkle_tree
SHA-256 Merkle tree
As described in its documentation, Amazon S3 Glacier requires that all uploaded files come with a checksum computed as a Merkle Tree using SHA-256. Specifically, the SHA-256 hash is computed for each 1MiB block of the file. And then, starting from the beginning of the file, the raw hashes of consecutive blocks are pai...
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "crypto/sha256" "fmt" "io" "log" "os" )   func main() { const blockSize = 1024 f, err := os.Open("title.png") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer f.Close()   var hashes [][]byte buffer := make([]byte, blockSize) h := sha256.New() ...
Give a code snippet in #Go As described in its documentation, Amazon S3 Glacier requires that all uploaded files come with a checksum computed as a Merkle Tree using SHA-256. Specifically, the SHA-256 hash is computed for each 1MiB block of the file. And then, starting from the beginning of the file, the raw hashes o...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Four_bit_adder
Four bit adder
Task "Simulate" a four-bit adder. This design can be realized using four 1-bit full adders. Each of these 1-bit full adders can be built with two half adders and an   or   gate. ; Finally a half adder can be made using an   xor   gate and an   and   gate. The   xor   gate can be made using two   nots,   two   ands ...
#REXX
REXX
/*REXX program displays (all) the sums of a full 4─bit adder (with carry). */ call hdr1; call hdr2 /*note the order of headers & trailers.*/ /* [↓] traipse thru all possibilities.*/ do j=0 for 16 ...
Give a code snippet in #REXX Task "Simulate" a four-bit adder. This design can be realized using four 1-bit full adders. Each of these 1-bit full adders can be built with two half adders and an   or   gate. ; Finally a half adder can be made using an   xor   gate and an   and   gate. The   xor   gate can be made u...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/URL_decoding
URL decoding
This task   (the reverse of   URL encoding   and distinct from   URL parser)   is to provide a function or mechanism to convert an URL-encoded string into its original unencoded form. Test cases   The encoded string   "http%3A%2F%2Ffoo%20bar%2F"   should be reverted to the unencoded form   "http://foo bar/".   Th...
#Icon_and_Unicon
Icon and Unicon
link hexcvt   procedure main() ue := "http%3A%2F%2Ffoo%20bar%2F" ud := decodeURL(ue) | stop("Improperly encoded string ",image(ue)) write("encoded = ",image(ue)) write("decoded = ",image(ue)) end   procedure decodeURL(s) #: decode URL/URI encoded data static de initial { # build ...
Give a code snippet in #Icon_and_Unicon This task   (the reverse of   URL encoding   and distinct from   URL parser)   is to provide a function or mechanism to convert an URL-encoded string into its original unencoded form. Test cases   The encoded string   "http%3A%2F%2Ffoo%20bar%2F"   should be reverted to the ...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Logical_operations
Logical operations
Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic | Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise | Logical String Operations Concatenation | Interpolation |...
#Prolog
Prolog
 ?- true,true. true. ?- true,false. false. ?- true;false. true . ?- false;true. true . ?- false;false. false . ?- \+true. false. ?- \+false. true. ?- \+((true,false)). true. ?- \+((true;false)). false.
Give a code snippet in #Prolog Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic | Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise | Logical String Operations...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Benford%27s_law
Benford's law
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Benford's_law. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, refers to the freque...
#Sidef
Sidef
var (actuals, expected) = ([], []) var fibonacci = 1000.of {|i| fib(i).digit(0) }   for i (1..9) { var num = fibonacci.count_by {|j| j == i } actuals.append(num / 1000) expected.append(1 + (1/i) -> log10) }   "%17s%17s\n".printf("Observed","Expected") for i (1..9) { "%d : %11s %%%15s %%\n".printf( ...
Give a code snippet in #Sidef This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Benford's_law. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Benford's law, also called the first-...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Leonardo_numbers
Leonardo numbers
Leonardo numbers   are also known as the   Leonardo series. The   Leonardo numbers   are a sequence of numbers defined by: L(0) = 1 [1st equation] L(1) = 1 [2nd equation] L(n) = L(n-1) + L(n-2) + 1 ...
#REXX
REXX
/*REXX pgm computes Leonardo numbers, allowing the specification of L(0), L(1), and ADD#*/ numeric digits 500 /*just in case the user gets ka-razy. */ @.=1 /*define the default for the @. array.*/ parse arg N L0 L1 a# . ...
Give a code snippet in #REXX Leonardo numbers   are also known as the   Leonardo series. The   Leonardo numbers   are a sequence of numbers defined by: L(0) = 1 [1st equation] L(1) = 1 [2nd equation] L(n) = ...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithms/Bogosort
Sorting algorithms/Bogosort
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Eiffel
Eiffel
  class BOGO_SORT   feature   bogo_sort (ar: ARRAY [INTEGER]): ARRAY [INTEGER] -- Sorted array in ascending order. do from until is_sorted (ar) = True loop Result := shuffel (ar) end end   feature {NONE}   is_sorted (ar: ARRAY [INTEGER]): BOOLEAN -- Is 'ar' sorted in ascending order? ...
Give a code snippet in #Eiffel Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick s...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Primes_-_allocate_descendants_to_their_ancestors
Primes - allocate descendants to their ancestors
The concept, is to add the decomposition into prime factors of a number to get its 'ancestors'. The objective is to demonstrate that the choice of the algorithm can be crucial in term of performance. This solution could be compared to the solution that would use the decomposition into primes for all the numbers betw...
#Java
Java
import java.io.*; import java.util.*;   public class PrimeDescendants { public static void main(String[] args) { try (Writer writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out))) { printPrimeDesc(writer, 100); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); ...
Give a code snippet in #Java The concept, is to add the decomposition into prime factors of a number to get its 'ancestors'. The objective is to demonstrate that the choice of the algorithm can be crucial in term of performance. This solution could be compared to the solution that would use the decomposition into p...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Pernicious_numbers
Pernicious numbers
A   pernicious number   is a positive integer whose   population count   is a prime. The   population count   is the number of   ones   in the binary representation of a non-negative integer. Example 22   (which is   10110   in binary)   has a population count of   3,   which is prime,   and therefore 22   is a pe...
#F.23
F#
open System   //Taken from https://gist.github.com/rmunn/bc49d32a586cdfa5bcab1c3e7b45d7ac let bitcount (n : int) = let count2 = n - ((n >>> 1) &&& 0x55555555) let count4 = (count2 &&& 0x33333333) + ((count2 >>> 2) &&& 0x33333333) let count8 = (count4 + (count4 >>> 4)) &&& 0x0f0f0f0f (count8 * 0x01010101...
Give a code snippet in #F.23 A   pernicious number   is a positive integer whose   population count   is a prime. The   population count   is the number of   ones   in the binary representation of a non-negative integer. Example 22   (which is   10110   in binary)   has a population count of   3,   which is prime,...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Compile-time_calculation
Compile-time calculation
Some programming languages allow calculation of values at compile time. Task Calculate   10!   (ten factorial)   at compile time. Print the result when the program is run. Discuss what limitations apply to compile-time calculations in your language.
#Oberon-2
Oberon-2
  MODULE CompileTime; IMPORT Out; CONST tenfac = 10*9*8*7*6*5*4*3*2; BEGIN Out.String("10! =");Out.LongInt(tenfac,0);Out.Ln END CompileTime.  
Give a code snippet in #Oberon-2 Some programming languages allow calculation of values at compile time. Task Calculate   10!   (ten factorial)   at compile time. Print the result when the program is run. Discuss what limitations apply to compile-time calculations in your language.
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-continuous_subsequences
Non-continuous subsequences
Consider some sequence of elements. (It differs from a mere set of elements by having an ordering among members.) A subsequence contains some subset of the elements of this sequence, in the same order. A continuous subsequence is one in which no elements are missing between the first and last elements of the subseque...
#JavaScript
JavaScript
function non_continuous_subsequences(ary) { var non_continuous = new Array(); for (var i = 0; i < ary.length; i++) { if (! is_array_continuous(ary[i])) { non_continuous.push(ary[i]); } } return non_continuous; }   function is_array_continuous(ary) { if (ary.length < 2) ...
Give a code snippet in #JavaScript Consider some sequence of elements. (It differs from a mere set of elements by having an ordering among members.) A subsequence contains some subset of the elements of this sequence, in the same order. A continuous subsequence is one in which no elements are missing between the fir...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Idiomatically_determine_all_the_characters_that_can_be_used_for_symbols
Idiomatically determine all the characters that can be used for symbols
Idiomatically determine all the characters that can be used for symbols. The word symbols is meant things like names of variables, procedures (i.e., named fragments of programs, functions, subroutines, routines), statement labels, events or conditions, and in general, anything a computer programmer can choose to name, ...
#Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language
Mathematica/Wolfram Language
chars = Characters[FromCharacterCode[Range[0, 1114111]]]; out = Reap[Do[ If[Quiet[Length[Symbol[c]] == 0], Sow[c] ] , {c, chars} ]][[2, 1]]; Print["Possible 1st characters: ", out // Length] out = Reap[Do[ If[Quiet[Length[Symbol["a" <> c]] == 0], Sow[c] ] , {c,...
Give a code snippet in #Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language Idiomatically determine all the characters that can be used for symbols. The word symbols is meant things like names of variables, procedures (i.e., named fragments of programs, functions, subroutines, routines), statement labels, events or conditions, and in gene...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_names
Number names
Task Show how to spell out a number in English. You can use a preexisting implementation or roll your own, but you should support inputs up to at least one million (or the maximum value of your language's default bounded integer type, if that's less). Support for inputs other than positive integers (like zero, negat...
#Objeck
Objeck
  class NumberNames { small : static : String[]; tens : static : String[]; big : static : String[];   function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil { small := ["one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen...
Give a code snippet in #Objeck Task Show how to spell out a number in English. You can use a preexisting implementation or roll your own, but you should support inputs up to at least one million (or the maximum value of your language's default bounded integer type, if that's less). Support for inputs other than pos...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Logical_operations
Logical operations
Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic | Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise | Logical String Operations Concatenation | Interpolation |...
#Liberty_BASIC
Liberty BASIC
  False =0 True =not( False)   print " True ="; True, "False ="; False, "NB True here shown as -1" print   print " a b AND OR XOR" a =0: b =0: print " "; a; " "; b; " "; a and b; " "; a or b; " "; a xor b a =0: b =1: print " "; a; " "; b; " "; a and b; " "; a or b; " "; a xor b a =1: ...
Give a code snippet in #Liberty_BASIC Basic Data Operation This is a basic data operation. It represents a fundamental action on a basic data type. You may see other such operations in the Basic Data Operations category, or: Integer Operations Arithmetic | Comparison Boolean Operations Bitwise | Logical String Ope...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/MD5
MD5
Task Encode a string using an MD5 algorithm.   The algorithm can be found on   Wikipedia. Optionally, validate your implementation by running all of the test values in   IETF RFC (1321)   for MD5. Additionally,   RFC 1321   provides more precise information on the algorithm than the Wikipedia article. Warning:...
#Lua
Lua
require "md5"   --printing a sum: print(md5.sumhexa"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog")   --running the test suite:   local function test(msg,sum) assert(md5.sumhexa(msg)==sum) end   test("","d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e") test("a","0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661") test("abc","900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28...
Give a code snippet in #Lua Task Encode a string using an MD5 algorithm.   The algorithm can be found on   Wikipedia. Optionally, validate your implementation by running all of the test values in   IETF RFC (1321)   for MD5. Additionally,   RFC 1321   provides more precise information on the algorithm than the Wi...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tokenize_a_string
Tokenize a string
Separate the string "Hello,How,Are,You,Today" by commas into an array (or list) so that each element of it stores a different word. Display the words to the 'user', in the simplest manner possible, separated by a period. To simplify, you may display a trailing period. Other tasks related to string operations: Me...
#Jsish
Jsish
puts('Hello,How,Are,You,Today'.split(',').join('.'))
Give a code snippet in #Jsish Separate the string "Hello,How,Are,You,Today" by commas into an array (or list) so that each element of it stores a different word. Display the words to the 'user', in the simplest manner possible, separated by a period. To simplify, you may display a trailing period. Other tasks re...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Unix/ls
Unix/ls
Task Write a program that will list everything in the current folder,   similar to:   the Unix utility   “ls”   [1]       or   the Windows terminal command   “DIR” The output must be sorted, but printing extended details and producing multi-column output is not required. Example output For the list of paths:...
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "fmt" "log" "os" "sort" )   func main() { f, err := os.Open(".") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } files, err := f.Readdirnames(0) f.Close() if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } sort.Strings(files) for _, n := range files { fmt.Println(n) } }
Give a code snippet in #Go Task Write a program that will list everything in the current folder,   similar to:   the Unix utility   “ls”   [1]       or   the Windows terminal command   “DIR” The output must be sorted, but printing extended details and producing multi-column output is not required. Example o...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exponentiation_operator
Exponentiation operator
Most programming languages have a built-in implementation of exponentiation. Task Re-implement integer exponentiation for both   intint   and   floatint   as both a procedure,   and an operator (if your language supports operator definition). If the language supports operator (or procedure) overloading, then an ov...
#E
E
def power(base, exponent :int) { var r := base if (exponent < 0) { for _ in exponent..0 { r /= base } } else if (exponent <=> 0) { return 1 } else { for _ in 2..exponent { r *= base } } return r }
Give a code snippet in #E Most programming languages have a built-in implementation of exponentiation. Task Re-implement integer exponentiation for both   intint   and   floatint   as both a procedure,   and an operator (if your language supports operator definition). If the language supports operator (or procedu...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Prime_decomposition
Prime decomposition
The prime decomposition of a number is defined as a list of prime numbers which when all multiplied together, are equal to that number. Example 12 = 2 × 2 × 3, so its prime decomposition is {2, 2, 3} Task Write a function which returns an array or collection which contains the prime decomposition of a given ...
#Perl
Perl
sub prime_factors { my ($n, $d, @out) = (shift, 1); while ($n > 1 && $d++) { $n /= $d, push @out, $d until $n % $d; } @out }   print "@{[prime_factors(1001)]}\n";
Give a code snippet in #Perl The prime decomposition of a number is defined as a list of prime numbers which when all multiplied together, are equal to that number. Example 12 = 2 × 2 × 3, so its prime decomposition is {2, 2, 3} Task Write a function which returns an array or collection which contains the p...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Babbage_problem
Babbage problem
Charles Babbage, looking ahead to the sorts of problems his Analytical Engine would be able to solve, gave this example: What is the smallest positive integer whose square ends in the digits 269,696? — Babbage, letter to Lord Bowden, 1837; see Hollingdale and Tootill, Electronic Computers, second edition, 1970, p....
#VBScript
VBScript
'Sir, this is a script that could solve your problem. 'Lines that begin with the apostrophe are comments. The machine ignores them. 'The next line declares a variable n and sets it to 0. Note that the 'equals sign "assigns", not just "relates". So in here, this is more 'of a command, rather than just a mere propositi...
Give a code snippet in #VBScript Charles Babbage, looking ahead to the sorts of problems his Analytical Engine would be able to solve, gave this example: What is the smallest positive integer whose square ends in the digits 269,696? — Babbage, letter to Lord Bowden, 1837; see Hollingdale and Tootill, Electronic C...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/De_Bruijn_sequences
de Bruijn sequences
The sequences are named after the Dutch mathematician   Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn. A note on Dutch capitalization:   Nicolaas' last name is   de Bruijn,   the   de   isn't normally capitalized unless it's the first word in a sentence.   Rosetta Code (more or less by default or by fiat) requires the first word in the...
#11l
11l
V digits = ‘0123456789’   F deBruijn(k, n) V alphabet = :digits[0 .< k] V a = [Byte(0)] * (k * n) [Byte] seq   F db(Int t, Int p) -> N I t > @n I @n % p == 0 @seq.extend(@a[1 .< p + 1]) E @a[t] = @a[t - p] @db(t + 1, p) V j = @a[t - p] + 1 ...
Give a code snippet in #11l The sequences are named after the Dutch mathematician   Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn. A note on Dutch capitalization:   Nicolaas' last name is   de Bruijn,   the   de   isn't normally capitalized unless it's the first word in a sentence.   Rosetta Code (more or less by default or by fiat) r...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Literals/Floating_point
Literals/Floating point
Programming languages have different ways of expressing floating-point literals. Task Show how floating-point literals can be expressed in your language: decimal or other bases, exponential notation, and any other special features. You may want to include a regular expression or BNF/ABNF/EBNF defining allowable fo...
#Perl
Perl
# Standard notations: .5; 0.5; 1.23345e10; 1.23445e-10; # The numbers can be grouped: 100_000_000; # equals to 100000000  
Give a code snippet in #Perl Programming languages have different ways of expressing floating-point literals. Task Show how floating-point literals can be expressed in your language: decimal or other bases, exponential notation, and any other special features. You may want to include a regular expression or BNF/A...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Continued_fraction
Continued fraction
continued fraction Mathworld a 0 + b 1 a 1 + b 2 a 2 + b 3 a 3 + ⋱ {\displaystyle a_{0}+{\cfrac {b_{1}}{a_{1}+{\cfrac {b_{2}}{a_{2}+{\cfrac {b_{3}}{a_{3}+\ddots }}}}}}} The task is to write a program which generates su...
#F.C5.8Drmul.C3.A6
Fōrmulæ
package main   import "fmt"   type cfTerm struct { a, b int }   // follows subscript convention of mathworld and WP where there is no b(0). // cf[0].b is unused in this representation. type cf []cfTerm   func cfSqrt2(nTerms int) cf { f := make(cf, nTerms) for n := range f { f[n] = cfTerm{2, 1} }...
Give a code snippet in #F.C5.8Drmul.C3.A6 continued fraction Mathworld a 0 + b 1 a 1 + b 2 a 2 + b 3 a 3 + ⋱ {\displaystyle a_{0}+{\cfrac {b_{1}}{a_{1}+{\cfrac {b_{2}}{a_{2}+{\cfrac {b_{3}}{a_{3}+\ddots }}}}}}} The ta...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Text_processing/Max_licenses_in_use
Text processing/Max licenses in use
A company currently pays a fixed sum for the use of a particular licensed software package.   In determining if it has a good deal it decides to calculate its maximum use of the software from its license management log file. Assume the software's licensing daemon faithfully records a checkout event when a copy of the ...
#Tcl
Tcl
set out 0 set max_out -1 set max_times {}   foreach job [split [read [open "mlijobs.txt" "r"]] "\n"] { if {[lindex $job 1] == "OUT"} { incr out } { incr out -1 } if {$out > $max_out} { set max_out $out set max_times {} } if {$out == $max_out}...
Give a code snippet in #Tcl A company currently pays a fixed sum for the use of a particular licensed software package.   In determining if it has a good deal it decides to calculate its maximum use of the software from its license management log file. Assume the software's licensing daemon faithfully records a check...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Go_Fish
Go Fish
Write a program to let the user play Go Fish against a computer opponent. Use the following rules: Each player is dealt nine cards to start with. On their turn, a player asks their opponent for a given rank (such as threes or kings). A player must already have at least one card of a given rank to ask for more. If t...
#Haskell
Haskell
#!/usr/bin/perl   use strict; # https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Go_Fish use warnings; use List::Util qw( first shuffle );   my $pat = qr/[atjqk2-9]/; # ranks my $deck = join '', shuffle map { my $rank = $_; map "$rank$_", qw( S H C D ) } qw( a t j q k ), 2 .. 9;   my $mebooks = my $youbooks = 0;   my $me = substr $deck,...
Give a code snippet in #Haskell Write a program to let the user play Go Fish against a computer opponent. Use the following rules: Each player is dealt nine cards to start with. On their turn, a player asks their opponent for a given rank (such as threes or kings). A player must already have at least one card of a ...
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitmap/B%C3%A9zier_curves/Quadratic
Bitmap/Bézier curves/Quadratic
Using the data storage type defined on this page for raster images, and the draw_line function defined in this one, draw a quadratic bezier curve (definition on Wikipedia).
#C
C
void quad_bezier( image img, unsigned int x1, unsigned int y1, unsigned int x2, unsigned int y2, unsigned int x3, unsigned int y3, color_component r, color_component g, color_component b );
Give a code snippet in #C Using the data storage type defined on this page for raster images, and the draw_line function defined in this one, draw a quadratic bezier curve (definition on Wikipedia).
christopher/rosetta-code
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Carmichael_3_strong_pseudoprimes
Carmichael 3 strong pseudoprimes
A lot of composite numbers can be separated from primes by Fermat's Little Theorem, but there are some that completely confound it. The   Miller Rabin Test   uses a combination of Fermat's Little Theorem and Chinese Division Theorem to overcome this. The purpose of this task is to investigate such numbers using a met...
#Seed7
Seed7
$ include "seed7_05.s7i";   const func boolean: isPrime (in integer: number) is func result var boolean: prime is FALSE; local var integer: upTo is 0; var integer: testNum is 3; begin if number = 2 then prime := TRUE; elsif odd(number) and number > 2 then upTo := sqrt(number); ...
Give a code snippet in #Seed7 A lot of composite numbers can be separated from primes by Fermat's Little Theorem, but there are some that completely confound it. The   Miller Rabin Test   uses a combination of Fermat's Little Theorem and Chinese Division Theorem to overcome this. The purpose of this task is to inves...
christopher/rosetta-code