To be sustainable, old cities need new, smarter infrastructures, says HP Labs sustainability visionary Chandrakant Patel
Since arriving at HP Labs in 1991, HP Fellow and director of HP’s Sustainable IT Ecosystem Lab Chandrakant Patel has worked to make IT systems more energy efficient. His early research in microprocessor system design led Patel to pioneer the concept of ‘smart data centers’ – data centers in which compute, power and cooling resources are provisioned based on the need. He now extends his vision of energy efficiency beyond the data center to what he calls ‘City 2.0.’
As nations look to rebuild their aging infrastructures and at the same time take on the challenge of global climate change, Patel argues that resource usage needs to be at the heart of their thinking. And, we must take a fundamental perspective in examining “available energy” in building and operating the infrastructure. Only if we use fewer resources to both build and run our infrastructures, he says, will we create cities that can thrive for generations to come. And we can only build in that way, he suggests, if we seamlessly integrate IT into the physical infrastructure to provision the resources – power, water, waste, etc - at city scale based on the need
Chandrakant Patel recently described his vision of building City 2.0, enabled by a Sustainable IT Ecosystem.
So you started out by addressing energy use in the data center?
That’s right. When we created the Thermal Technology Research Program at HP Labs in the early 90s, our industry was not addressing power and cooling in the data center at all. But we thought the data center should be looked at as a system. And if you look at it that way, there are three key components to the data center: computing, power, and cooling. We felt all of these should be provisioned based on need. Just as you dedicate the right computing instrument to the workload, you supply the power and cooling on an as-needed basis. You use sensors and controls, so that when workload comes in, you decide what kind of workload it is and give it the right level of compute, power, and cooling.
What kind of impact does this have on energy use?
Well, we built a “smart” data center in Palo Alto and a large data center in Southern India as a proof of concept. In the data center in Southern India, we used 7,500 sensors to record the temperature of its various parts, which feed back to a system that automatically controls all the air conditioners. In addition to saving 40% in energy used by the cooling system, the fine grained sensing allowed us to dynamically place workloads and shut machines down that are not being used.
Furthermore, with 7500 sensors polling every few seconds, we are able to mine sensor data to detect “anomalies” so we can extend the life of large scale physical systems such as compressors in the cooling plant. This type of sensing and control is critical for large scale physical installations. One wouldn’t run a house without a thermostat, so why should one run a multi-megawatt data center without fine grained measurement and control? A ceiling fan in a house uses a few hundred watts, and it has a knob so one can change its speed based on the need.
The blowers in air handling units inside a data center use10 kilowatts, and are often running at full speed all the time regardless of the data center’s needs!
How do you apply this kind of approach over the entire IT ecosystem?
First, you need to ask: what is the ecosystem? The world has billions of service-oriented client devices, like our laptops and handhelds. Then it has thousands of data centers, and thousands of print factories. That’s the ecosystem. Then you need to ask if that ecosystem is as energy efficient as it can be. To do that we take a life cycle approach. We look at the energy it takes to build and operate IT products over their life-cycle. If you do that, you can see that you might design, build and operate them in completely different ways – through appropriate choice of energy conversion means and appropriate choice of materials - ultimately leading to least energy, least material designs. Indeed, we believe that taking such an “end to end” view in design and management is required to reduce the cost of IT services that will enable the billions to use IT ecosystem to meet their needs.
Can you give an example?
Take a laptop as an example.
How much energy is required to build a laptop - to extract the material, to manufacture it, operate it and ultimately reclaim it? Using Joules of available energy consumed as the currency, one can examine the supply chain and design the laptop with appropriate choice of materials to minimize the consumption of available energy. Such a technique also allows one to examine the carbon emission across a product life cycle. This type of proactive approach is good for the environment and good for business. Good for business because, in our opinion, such an approach will lead to lowest-cost products and services.
Is there an impact on IT services too?
Absolutely. Today, I can reserve train tickets online for rail travel in India from my home in the US. But most of the 700 million people in India must take a motorized rickshaw to the train station, and spend half a day, to get the ticket. They can ill afford to spend the time. Couldn't we give them appropriately priced IT services so they can do it online? That's what Web 2.0 is about for me -- meeting the fundamental needs of a society. Furthermore, these kinds of services would reduce congestion and reduce consumption of available energy. We can ask - and we need to ask - the same kinds of questions when we are talking about bringing people all kinds of resources more effectively.
How do you get the information you need to make decisions based on energy used over the life of a product?
Firstly, at design time, the IT ecosystem enables us to create a tool for analysis based on scientific principles rather than anecdotes and rules of thumb. Secondly, the IT ecosystem provides us the ability to avail energy and material data for lifecycle analysis in design phase e.g. the available energy used in extracting Aluminum from Bauxite. Next, during operation, you use sensors and controls to manage your resources. Take traffic flow in a city. All you need to manage it is a backbone, the sensors, the data center and a panel where you can collect all that information and manage it. With that we can manage the flow so that available energy is being provisioned based on the need. You can do the same with electricity, water, waste, etc. Thus, you are using the IT ecosystem to have a net positive impact by deconstructing conventional business models – you're creating a sustainable ecosystem using IT.
Is that what you mean by the City 2.0 ?
Yes. We started the Sustainable IT Ecosystem Lab at HP Labs because we wanted to integrate the IT ecosystem into the next generation of cities - what I've called City 2.0. If you had to build a city all over again, how would you build it? Are you going to just build a city with more roads, more bridges? Or are you going to use the IT ecosystem so that more people can use less of those physical resources more effectively? Wouldn't you think it would be better if a data center was there, and it managed all the resources? Wouldn't it be better to harvest the rain that falls in the area and have a lot of local reservoirs? Wouldn't it be good to have a local power grid instead of bringing power from somewhere else? Those are the kinds of questions that we are wrestling with.
How can HP contribute to building the City 2.0?
HP has the breadth and the depth – the billions of service-oriented client devices, the thousands of data centers and the thousands of print factories. HP covers all aspects of the IT ecosystem. And we have a great history in measurement, communication, and computation. What I’d like to see us do is leverage the past to create the future. A future where we address the fundamental needs of society by right provisioning the resources so that future generations can have the same quality of life as we do.
The US and many other countries are in recession. Building the City 2.0 is an expensive proposition, so why is it worth doing?
First of all, I think building a smart infrastructure could revitalize our economy by providing businesses with the opportunity to apply their new technologies for solving age-old problems like water distribution and energy management. And secondly, if governments around the world are going to spend on infrastructure, we probably want to do it in a smart way: not just building things for the sake of building them. We can - and should - do it in a planned, sustainable way where we also create new, high-paying and long-lasting jobs.
More information about HP Labs is available at: www.hpl.hp.com/about/
please sign in to rate this article


A group of researchers have developed a way to identify pirated movies by reducing the original to a signature genetic code. The system can match even videos that have been altered or had their colors changed to the source, an area where many video piracy mechanisms fall short.
Drs. Alex and Michael Bronstein and Professor Ron Kimmel have come up with a way to isolate a certain subset of data from video files that serves an analogous role to a fingerprint at a crime scene. While the creators haven't published research on this exact project in order to guard the proprietary technology, it works by applying a series of grids over the film to reduce it to a series of numbers.
Once the film has been systematically reduced, copyright holders can take the "DNA signature" of the video and scan sites that host pirated videos for it. According to the three researchers, the signature should be able to find correct matches even if the videos' borders have been changed, commercials have been added, or scenes have been edited out, which is a capability that sites that patrol for piracy, like YouTube, currently lack.
There are no details on the limitations of the system, such as video length, style, or quality. "We have a fully working prototype and have established a company that commercializes it," Dr. Bronstein told Ars.
While the website is no more revealing about how the video DNA matching works, Bronstein adds that they've already had a few companies interested in licensing the technology.


In De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae, Tacitus describes and praises the life of his father-in-law Gnaeus Julius Agricola, an eminent Roman general. It covers briefly the people and geography of Britain, where Agricola was stationed.
- Idque apud imperitos humanitas vocabatur, cum pars servitutis esset.
- Translation: Because they didn't know better, they called it 'civilization,' when it was part of their slavery.
- Book 1, paragraph 21.
- Longer variant: Step by step they were led to things which dispose to vice, the lounge, the bath, the elegant banquet. All this in their ignorance they called civilisation, when it was but a part of their servitude.
- Auferre, trucidare, rapere, falsis nominibus imperium; atque, ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant.
- Translation: To ravage, to slaughter, to usurp under false titles, they call empire; and where they make a desert, they call it peace. Oxford Revised Translation (at Project Gutenberg)
- Translation: They plunder, they slaughter, and they steal: this they falsely name Empire, and where they make a wasteland, they call it peace. — translation Loeb Classical Library edition
- Translation: To plunder, butcher, steal, these things they misname empire: they make a desolation and they call it peace. — translation by William Peterson
- More colloquially: They rob, kill and plunder all under the deceiving name of Roman Rule. They make a desert and call it peace.
- At the end of chapter 30.
- This is a speech by the Caledonian chieftain Calgacus addressing assembled warriors about Rome's insatiable appetite for conquest and plunder. The chieftain's sentiment can be contrasted to "peace given to the world" which was frequently inscribed on Roman medals. The last part solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant (they make a desert, and call it peace) is often quoted alone. Lord Byron for instance uses the phrase (in English) as follows,
- Mark where his carnage and his conquests cease!
He makes a solitude, and calls it — peace.
- Lord Byron, Bride of Abydos (1813), Canto 2, stanza 20.
- Mark where his carnage and his conquests cease!
- Et maiores vestros et posteros cogitate.
- Translation: Think of your forefathers and posterity.
- Chapter 32.
- It belongs to human nature to hate those you have injured.
- Chapter 42; reported in Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, 10th ed. (1919).
- Tu vero felix, Agricola, non vitae tantum claritate, sed etiam opportunitate mortis.
- Translation: Thou wast indeed fortunate, Agricola, not only in the splendour of thy life, but in the opportune moment of thy death.
- Chapter 45.
- The Germans themselves I should regard as aboriginal, and not mixed at all with other races through immigration or intercourse. For in former times, it was not by land but on shipboard that those who sought to emigrate would arrive; and the boundless and, so to speak, hostile ocean beyond us,is seldom entered by a sail from our world.
- Chapter 2
- They even say that an altar dedicated to Ulysses, with the addition of the name of his father, Laertes, was formerly discovered on the same spot, and that certain monuments and tombs with Greek inscriptions, still exist on the borders of Germany and Rhaetia.
- Chapter 3.
- On the whole,one would say that their strength is in their infantry, which fights along with the cavalry; admirably adapted to the action of the latter is the swiftness of certain foot soldiers, who are picked from the entire youth of their country, and stationed in front of the line.
- Chapter 6.
- To abandon your shield is the basest of crimes; nor may a man thus disgraced be present at the sacred rites, or enter their council; many, indeed, after escaping from battle, have ended their infamy with the halter.
- Chapter 6.
- Mercury is the deity whom they chiefly worship, and on certain days they deem it right to sacrifice to him even with human victims.
- Chapter 9.
- Quanquam severa illic matrimonia
- Translation: However the marriage is there severe.
- Start of chapter 18.
- This is in the sense that the matrimonial bond was strictly observed by the Germanic peoples, this being compared favorably against licentiousness in Rome. Tacitus appears to hold the fairly strict monogamy (with some exceptions among nobles who marry again) between Germanic husbands and wives, and the chastity among the unmarried to be worthy of the highest praise. (Ch. 18).
- …ibi boni mores valent quam alibi bonae leges.
- Translation: …good habits are here more effectual than good laws elsewhere.
- End of chapter 19.
- No one in Germany laughs at vice, nor do they call it the fashion to corrupt and to be corrupted.
- Chapter 19.
- Indeed, the crowning proof of their valour and their strength is that they keep up their superiority without harm to others.
- Chapter 35.
- Their shields are black, their bodies dyed. They choose dark nights for battle, and, by the dread and gloomy aspect of their death-like host, strike terror into the foe, who can never confront their strange and almost infernal appearance.
- Chapter 43.
- All this is unauthenticated, and I shall leave it open.
- Chapter 46 (last text line).
- It is the rare fortune of these days that one may think what one likes and say what one thinks.
- Book I, 1.
- He possessed a peculiar talent of producing effect in whatever he said or did.
- Book II, 80.
- Once killing starts, it is difficult to draw the line.
- Book I, 39.
- Some might consider him as too fond of fame; for the desire for glory clings even to the best men longer than any other passion.
- Book IV, 6.
- Deos fortioribus adesse.
- Translation: The gods are on the side of the stronger.
- Book IV, 17.
- Corruptissima re publica plurimae leges.
- Translation: The more numerous the laws, the more corrupt the government.
- Variant: The more corrupt the state, the more laws.
- Original Quote: And now bills were passed, not only for national objects but for individual cases, and laws were most numerous when the commonwealth was most corrupt.
- Book III, 27.
- Conspicuous by his absence.
- Book III, 76; Lord John Russell, alluding to an expression used by him ("Conspicuous by his absence") in his address to the electors of the city of London, said, "It is not an original expression of mine, but is taken from one of the greatest historians of antiquity".
- The images of twenty of the most illustrious families—the Manlii, the Quinctii, and other names of equal splendour—were carried before it [the bier of Junia]. Those of Brutus and Cassius were not displayed; but for that very reason they shone with pre-eminent lustre.
- Book III, 76.
- He had talents equal to business, and aspired no higher.
- Book VI, 39.
- He upbraided Macro, in no obscure and indirect terms, "with forsaking the setting sun and turning to the rising".
- Book VI, 52, referring to Tiberius.
- What is today supported by precedents will hereafter become a precedent.
- Book XI, 24.
- So true is it that all transactions of preeminent importance are wrapt in doubt and obscurity; while some hold for certain facts the most precarious hearsays, others turn facts into falsehood; and both are exaggerated by posterity.
- Variant: So obscure are the greatest events, as some take for granted any hearsay, whatever its source, others turn truth into falsehood, and both errors find encouragement with posterity.
- Book III, 19.
- The desire for safety stands against every great and noble enterprise.
- A popular rendering of: “nisi impunitatis cupido retinuisset, magnis semper conatibus adversa”
- Variant: "but desire of escape, foe to all great enterprises, held him back." This of Subrius Flavus’ passing thought of assassinating Nero while the emperor sang on stage.
- Book XV, 50.
Quotes about Tacitus
- Abuse, if you slight it, will gradually die away; but if you show yourself irritated you will be thought to have deserved it.
- Liberty is given by nature even to mute animals.
- Great empires are not maintained by timidity.


'sheaves' by steven banken
at biesbosch national park in the netherlands, the act of cutting reed and willow shoots and bundling them just before winter is an annual event,
making it a natural area for supply material. instead of letting the brush just decay, dutch designer steven banken's reintroduces these sheaves into nature
as furniture pieces, whereby he has developed a simple stainless steel metal clamping bracket to hold bunches of the raw material together,
forming bench seating, that is modifiable in length depending on how the reeds are cut. this gives the dried plant new life, a minimal intervention
that brings the reeds back into the environment as outdoor seating in the summer.
simple metal brackets are used to hold the raw material together
one of today's biesbosch reed cutters (left) and shots of the excessive growth of the plant at the national park


What Is It?
Vitiligo consists of white patches of skin that are caused by the loss of melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Melanin is produced by special cells called melanocytes, which are destroyed in people who have vitiligo. Experts are still working out the details to understand why this disease occurs, but evidence strongly suggests that vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder, in which the body's immune system mistakenly targets and injures these specific cells within your own body.
Vitiligo can cause minor changes or extensive changes in the skin. In some people, it may be hardly noticeable, while in others it is obvious. In dark-skinned people the vitiligo patches are obvious since they contrast with normal skin. Light-skinned people may have fewer cosmetic concerns, but patches without pigment can become obvious in the summer because unaffected skin tans but vitiligo skin does not tan.
Vitiligo occurs in about 1% to 2% of the population. Approximately 30% of people with vitiligo have a family history of the condition. About half of people with vitiligo start showing symptoms before age 20.
People with vitiligo have an increased risk of developing certain diseases, such as hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid), hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid), type 1 diabetes , Addison's disease (a disease that causes a decrease in the function of the adrenal gland) and pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency). Also, people with these conditions have an increased risk of developing vitiligo. These medical conditions are all problems that involve the immune system attacking cells in the body.
Vitiligo causes patches of white skin that are often symmetrical (even), with dark or red borders. The patches can occur anywhere, but the areas most commonly affected are the backs of the hands, the face, and areas that have skin folds, such as the armpits and genitals. Body openings, such as the lips, eyes, nipples and anus are also common areas for vitiligo, as are areas that have been sunburned.
Vitiligo can occur in bursts, so that sizeable areas of skin may rapidly lose their pigment during the beginning stages of the condition, yet then these whitened skin patches may abruptly stop expanding for months or years.
Vitiligo causes a pattern of skin changes that usually can be recognized easily by a doctor. If the skin changes are in a pattern that suggests other conditions, your doctor might recommend a biopsy of the skin to be certain about your diagnosis. In a biopsy, a small piece of skin is removed and examined in a laboratory. A biopsy usually is not needed to diagnose vitiligo.
In 1 out of every 5 to 10 people, some or all of the pigment eventually returns on its own and the white patches disappear. For most people, however, the whitened skin patches last and grow larger if vitiligo is not treated. Vitiligo is a lifelong condition.
There is no way to prevent vitiligo.
Vitiligo can be treated if it causes emotional or social distress. The goals of treatment are to minimize the contrast in color between your normal skin and skin patches that have lost pigment. If you are light-skinned, part of your treatment may be to protect your normal skin from tanning by using sunscreens with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15.
You can try to get normal skin color to return in the areas affected by vitiligo with treatment called repigmentation therapy, which can take several forms:
- Topical treatments are helpful in most people. These are applied directly to the skin. Steroid creams or ointments are applied once a day for up to several months. These medications are not always effective, and they can thin the skin with continued use. Other medicines that may be helpful include tacrolimus (Protopic) and pimecrolimus (Elidel), but these medicines are used with caution because of a possible link between these drugs and skin cancer or lymphoma.
- Ultraviolet B light treatment is effective for treating vitiligo in at least half of all patients. Ultraviolet light can be provided by a hand-held light box for smaller areas of skin. People who have many areas of skin involved can be treated by putting on goggles and standing inside a closet-sized light box for several minutes. The treatment must be repeated often, usually for three times a week and for at least six months. Side effects, which should be discussed thoroughly with your dermatologist, include itching, pain and sunburn as well as increased risk of skin cancers.
- Psoralen plus ultraviolet A light treatment (commonly called PUVA) causes slightly more pronounced side effects than ultraviolet B light therapy, but it is another effective way to treat vitiligo. Like UVB treatment, this therapy helps at least half of all patients. Psoralens are drugs that cause skin to darken when they react with ultraviolet A light. They can be applied as a cream or taken as pills. After the psoralen medicine is used, you are exposed to ultraviolet light. PUVA treatment is not for pregnant women, women who are breastfeeding or children younger than 10. There is also an increased risk of skin cancers.
- Oral medicines that suppress your immune system can halt vitiligo skin changes and in many cases can allow normal pigment to return. For people who have large skin areas involved, oral steroids sometimes are used instead of steroids applied to the skin. This treatment is seldom used because of potential side effects of oral steroids.
- For people with severe vitiligo, depigmentation can remove the color from normal skin, making all of the skin the same white color. This treatment is rarely used because the skin without pigment is very vulnerable to damage from sun exposure. A bleaching solution is applied daily for up to 12 months. It may be 2 or 3 months before you see any effects. About 95% of people will be depigmented within 12 months, and must then meticulously avoid sun exposure. Side effects can occur in up to 50% of those treated, and include skin redness, dryness, itching and burning, especially on the face.
- Skin grafting removes normal skin from less visible areas and uses this skin to replace white areas in places where the person has the most cosmetic concerns. Skin grafting is used only in a very small number of people with vitiligo.
When to Call a Professional
If you notice that patches of skin appear white, contact your doctor for an examination. Treatment may be most helpful if it can be started when only a small area of skin is affected. It is very important to wear sunscreen to protect the areas affected by vitiligo, since these areas are especially at risk for sunburn and for skin cancers.
For most people with vitiligo, this condition slowly worsens without treatment or needs continued treatment.
American Academy of Dermatology
P.O. Box 4014
Schaumburg, IL 60168-4014


Jan. 22, 2008 Norwegian and Swiss biologists have made a startling discovery about the relationship between organisms that most people have never heard of. The Tree of Life must be re-drawn, textbooks need to be changed, and the discovery may also have significant impact on the development of medicines.
The discovery by Norwegian and Swiss researchers has gained attention from biologists worldwide. The findings come from the largest ever genetic comparison of higher life forms on the planet. Of 5000 genes examined, researchers identified 123 common genes from all known groups of organisms; these common genes have been studied more closely.
Lost a Branch
“The results were pretty astounding. All non-bacterial life on Earth—called eukaryotic life— can now be divided into four main groups instead of the five groups that we have been working with up to now,” says Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi, an associate professor from the University of Oslo’s Department of Biology who has also worked with the Department of Zoology and Animal Biology and the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, at the University of Geneva, Switzerland.
The Tree of Life (see illustration) has, through the discovery that the two formerly separated branches share a similar evolutionary history, lost one of its branches, and this will both improve and simplify quite a bit of scientific work in the future.
“Kinship says a lot about shared traits. Our findings can be important in many fields, such as in the study of the development of life and in the manufacture of new medicines” says Shalchian-Tabrizi in an interview with the University of Oslo’s research magazine Apollon.
“Our knowledge of organisms and the development of medicines are often based on comparative studies across species. It is, therefore, essential that we know the relationships between the largest groups in the great diversity of eukaryotes,” he adds.
The research group has, for example, found that brown algae and silica algae, and groups of single cell organisms like the malaria parasite, marine foraminifera, and the green sun animalcule (acanthocystis turfacea) actually belong to the same group. Previously, these species were thought to be completely unrelated.
“The work that we published in the August edition of PLoS One means that the description of the Tree of Life must be revised in new textbooks,” says Professor Kjetill S. Jakobsen from the University of Oslo’s Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES). He is also a member of the Microbial Evolution Research Group (MERG), led by Shalchian-Tabrizi, at the Department of Biology. MERG is one of 16 groups that the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences believes may have the potential to develop into new Centres of Excellence.
The New Branch
All life on Earth can be divided into two essentially different life forms—eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The eukaryotes gather their genetic material in a nucleus, while the prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) have their genetic material floating freely in the cell. Eukaryotic organisms—such as humans—can, as a result of the new findings, be divided into the following four categories:
- Plants (green and red algae, and plants)
- Opisthokonts (amoebas, fungi, and all animals—including humans)
- Excavates (free-living organisms and parasites)
- SAR (the new main group, an abbreviation of Stramenophiles, Alveolates, and Rhizaria, the names of some of its members)
“The SAR group has to some extent been identified earlier, but we could not know if it was a correct observation because we lacked statistical data. To get that data, we first had to reconstruct the entire eukaryote tree with the help of these 123 genes. Chromalveolates and rhizaria were clearly separate groups until we published our results,” says Shalchian-Tabrizi.
“To make the picture a little less clear, one branch of chromalveolates is still in no man’s land. It may be that these also belong to SAR, but we will require additional genes and genomes to study this. We have set our sights on doing that in the course of the next few years,” he adds.
“The Tree of Life tells the story of life on Earth, and our research can say something about how quickly life developed. Our discovery suggests that there were fewer big “events” than we have previously assumed in the development of higher life forms. The more we know about the branches on the Tree of Life, the more we can find out about life’s Big Bang, the beginning of life on Earth,” says Shalchian-Tabrizi.
Three billion years ago, there was only bacteria and Archaea. Eukaryotic life, which comprises all multi-celled organisms, developed in the sea—probably between 1.2 and 1.6 billion years ago. It was not before about 500 million years ago that the first creatures crept onto land.
“By digging down into the historical layers with the help of phylogenetic reconstruction, where we can find out about kinship between organisms at the genetic level and we can find answers to questions about how new traits developed. We are working, in a matter of speaking, with genetic archaeology. In this manner, we can also discover the cause of the Earth’s biological diversity,” says Jakobsen.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


In 1765, the first census in Puerto Rico was conducted. It produced a count of 44,833 inhabitants, with 5,037 of those black slaves. Details about the free population were not specified in the count. The number of black slaves rose to 51,265 in 1846, one of the last counts before the abolition of slavery. The census of 1765 began a rich history of census taking. Under Spanish rule, the population was counted 13 times.
A year after the United States invasion, the first census under U.S. command was conducted under the supervision of the United States Department of War. This census determined that at the end of the 19th century the island population was 953,243 inhabitants. Beginning in 1910, Puerto Rico was included in the United States Census and since then the Census Bureau, under the United States Commerce Department, on the first of April in years ending in zero, has provided official figures on the number of residents. Under United States rule, 11 censuses have been conducted.
Reaching a level of one million inhabitants took more than 130 years, but the population rose to two million in less than fifty years. Passing three million was an even faster process, taking about four decades. It is expected that the 2010 census will show the Puerto Rico population stabilized around four million, which would imply that reaching the fourth million occurred in less than thirty years.
Autor: gf Ana L. Dávila Román
Published: September 20, 2010.


Erythritol is a sweetener made from sugar alcohols, manufactured to provide a low-calorie substitute for sugar trade, so it is a good alternative when used to sweeten foods without consuming many calories.
However, erythritol may also have certain health problems it is better to know before deciding on a sweetener which on the market.
What is erythritol?
Erythritol is obtained from the fermentation of the natural enzymes contained in the corn and wheat. Because it is a sweetener that the body becomes very slowly glucose, intake not entail risks of alterations in blood sugar, which in turn makes it an artificial sweeteners preferred by diabetics and can not eat sugar.
Negative effects of erythritol
But not everything is beneficial, and erythritol can also cause some health problems. Mainly its laxative reaction, which causes bloating and diarrhea.
While the negative effects depends on the individual and their metabolism, we can say as a general rule that the symptoms you mentioned are more likely in cases of high consumption of the sweetener and infant bodies. It is therefore advisable to pay attention to the recommended amount in each package, and not exceeded in proportion.
At the beginning of the article you were saying that erythritol has a much lower level of calories than conventional sugar and other sweeteners, but this does not mean that it lacks them altogether. It is estimated that each grain of erythritol may contain about 2.6 calories, so this information should also be considered for consumption because of an improperly made, in addition to affecting overall health, can cause weight problems or ruin your diet.
Erythritol and trans fats
You will also have to consider the other components that accompany a commercial sweetener erythritol. This is due to erythritol does not provide the same taste as sugar, so the companies add to the product other ingredients, like trans fat to improve taste and bring a touch sweeter.
This entails that, although we will be consuming less calories than traditional sugar, on the other side will be increasing our intake of fat, with its known harmful effects on the body.
It is best that you inspect each product carefully and read carefully the nutritional tables. Those sweeteners that contain Trans fats, should be discarded immediately, because this single ingredient decompensation other benefits that could have the erythritol.
Enjoy this article?
You might also like


Small Planet Around Kepler -37
NASA's Kepler mission scientists have discovered a new planetary system that is home to the smallest planet yet found around a star similar to our sun. The planets are located in a system called Kepler-37, about 210 light-years from Earth in the constellation Lyra (the general direction of the star Vega). The smallest planet, Kepler-37b, is slightly larger than our moon, measuring about one-third the size of Earth. It is smaller than Mercury, which made its detection a significant challenge.
The moon-size planet and its two companion planets were found by scientists with NASA's Kepler mission to find Earth-sized planets in or near the habitable zone, the region in a planetary system where liquid water might exist on the surface of an orbiting planet. However, while the star in Kepler-37 may be similar to our sun, the system appears quite unlike the solar system in which we live. Kepler-37 is a yellow dwarf, G-type star just like ours.
Astronomers think Kepler-37b does not have an atmosphere and cannot support life as we know it. The tiny planet almost certainly is rocky in composition. Kepler-37c, the closer neighboring planet, is slightly smaller than Venus, measuring almost three-quarters the size of Earth. Kepler-37d, the farther planet, is twice the size of Earth.
The artist's concept image depicts the new planet dubbed Kepler-37b. The planet is slightly larger than our moon, measuring about one-third the size of Earth. Kepler-37b orbits its host star every 13 days at less than one-third the distance Mercury is to the sun. The estimated surface temperature of this smoldering planet, at more than 800 degrees Fahrenheit (700 degrees Kelvin), would melt the zinc in a penny.
The first exoplanets found to orbit a other stars were giants. As technologies have advanced, smaller and smaller planets have been found, and Kepler has shown even Earth-size exoplanets are common.
"Even Kepler can only detect such a tiny world around the brightest stars it observes," said Jack Lissauer, a planetary scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif. "The fact we've discovered tiny Kepler-37b suggests such little planets are common, and more planetary wonders await as we continue to gather and analyze additional data." There are a lot of stars and even more planets.
Kepler-37's host star belongs to the same class as our sun, although it is slightly cooler and smaller. All three planets orbit the star at less than the distance Mercury is to the sun, suggesting they are very hot, inhospitable worlds. Kepler-37c and Kepler-37d, orbit every 21 days and 40 days, respectively. A fairly crowded inner space near the host star.
"We uncovered a planet smaller than any in our solar system orbiting one of the few stars that is both bright and quiet, where signal detection was possible," said Thomas Barclay, Kepler scientist at the Bay Area Environmental Research Institute in Sonoma, Calif., and lead author of the new study published in the journal Nature. "This discovery shows close-in planets can be smaller, as well as much larger, than planets orbiting our sun."
The research team used data from NASA's Kepler space telescope, which simultaneously and continuously measures the brightness of more than 150,000 stars every 30 minutes. When a planet candidate transits, or passes, in front of the star from the spacecraft's vantage point, a percentage of light from the star is blocked. This causes a dip in the brightness of the starlight that reveals the transiting planet's size relative to its star.
The size of the star must be known in order to measure the planet's size accurately. To learn more about the properties of the star Kepler-37, scientists examined sound waves generated by the boiling motion beneath the surface of the star. They probed the interior structure of Kepler-37's star just as geologists use seismic waves generated by earthquakes to probe the interior structure of Earth. The science is called asteroseismology.
Asteroseismology also known as stellar seismology is the science that studies the internal structure of pulsating stars by the interpretation of their frequency spectra. Different oscillation modes penetrate to different depths inside the star. These oscillations provide information about the otherwise unobservable interiors of stars in a manner similar to how seismologists study the interior of Earth and other solid planets through the use of earthquake oscillations
The sound waves travel into the star and bring information back up to the surface. The waves cause oscillations that Kepler observes as a rapid flickering of the star's brightness. Like bells in a steeple, small stars ring at high tones while larger stars boom in lower tones. The barely discernible, high-frequency oscillations in the brightness of small stars are the most difficult to measure. This is why most objects previously subjected to asteroseismic analysis are larger than the sun.
With the very high precision of the Kepler instrument, astronomers have reached a new milestone. The star Kepler-37, with a radius just three-quarters of the sun, now is the smallest bell in the asteroseismology steeple. The radius of the star is known to 3 percent accuracy, which translates to exceptional accuracy in the planet's size.
For further information see Kepler b.
Artist Concept image NASA/Ames/JPL-Caltech.


Bob Seay of WGBH News and James David Jacobs of Classical New England consider the odd history and captivating power of Aaron Copland's Lincoln Portrait.
To hear a performance of Lincoln Portrait with the United States Marine Band, conductor Col. Michael J. Colburn, and narrator Brian Stokes Mitchell, click on "Listen" above.
|Abraham Lincoln, by Alexander Gardner [public domain], via Wikimedia Commons|
Written in 1942, Lincoln Portrait, by Aaron Copland, is a rare musical tribute to an American President. It played an inspirational role when it was written, during the dark, early days of World War II.
But it continued to inspire over the decades, with countless notable narrators giving voice to the words by Abraham Lincoln that Copland chose for his tribute.
Those words, though, were chosen from within a surprising cultural context, as Bob Seay explains:
If Lincoln's words express the highest ideals of American democracy, Copland's music expresses the diversity of sources that have combined to create an American music and culture, as James David Jacobs writes:
|Aaron Copland (source: AP)|
It’s hard in 2012 to appreciate just how original Copland’s Lincoln Portrait was in 1942. There had been other works that combined spoken text with orchestra, but the combination of serious public statement and serious artistic statement, with ceremony, history, and politics coexisting with music, was, and remains, rare.
The music Copland wrote isn’t mere backdrop for the words, the narrator not even speaking until the piece is about half over. That music tells a story, a story of both an individual life and of a nation. It’s also a story of diverse musical influences, reflecting the diverse musical strands that have come together to create an American music.
The beginning of the work is typical Copland, with woodwinds uttering soft three-note mottoes in intervals of fourths and fifths. That serenity, however, is answered by unsettling chords. It’s not unlike Ives’s The Unanswered Question and its dialogue between a stark, angular statement and its muddled response.
There are also subtle references to the music of Native Americans, engaged in what could be considered Lincoln’s other, less celebrated civil war. The dance-like tone of this section can be considered a sort of analogue to the scherzo in Beethoven’s Eroica symphony, representing both the joys and adventures of the individual heroic figure and the energy and the spirit of the nation and its people.
The strands come together, and the music reverts to the unsettled atmosphere of the work’s beginning. Then, just as we’ve almost forgotten about the speaker, he or she begins to speak.
It’s too important, Copland seems to be saying, to hide behind the cloak of artistic license, of interpretation and ambiguity. No, the meaning of this music must be spelled out, and when we hear the words of Lincoln we know why.
Copland has done us a service by providing a frame in which we can ponder these words, which turn out to be as relevant to today’s struggles as they were in the 1860s. The questions posed by the cultural conflicts illustrated in the differing strands of music are still being asked today.
Lincoln and Copland seem to have some things in common. Both pulled off radical, even revolutionary accomplishments while being regarded as accessible and populist. Both took the ideas of acknowledged radicals and made them palatable for a general audience. Both took their roles in the mainstream as serious, important missions, aimed at bringing wildly divergent philosophical camps together. And both were criticized by those selfsame radicals and branded as sellouts or traitors.
Beyond all that, they occupy similar places in our culture: the historical significance of each has been subject to regular cycles of reassessment, a process that began during each man’s own lifetime. Lincoln Portrait gives us the chance to consider them together, with all the resonance each man’s life and work have for us today.
- James David Jacobs
READ MORE AND HEAR LINCOLN PORTRAIT ON-DEMAND
Comment on This Article
News updates from WGBH


Doctors, medical organizations and the government can claim that healthy population medical screenings for various cancers are of value even if the screening test turns out negative. Of course, the value also depends on how many true positive cases of cancer are turned up and whether early detection plays any role in the overall cure of the cancer. What these medical groups don’t tell the public, because often those advising don’t really know, is what is the frequency of false positive results (detecting a “cancer” when there really is none present)and the harm produced as part of further testing or removal of what was thought to be a cancer but was not.
An advance in the knowledge regarding the frequency of false positives picked up in population screening tests and the subsequent harm is now available as an article “Cumulative Incidence of False-Positive Results in Repeated, Multimodal Cancer Screening” by Jennifer Miller Croswell, M.D. and a host of others published in the Annals of Family Medicine
You must read the entire article to fully understand how the data was obtained and its significance, but to get started, here is the Abstract of the article.
PURPOSE Multiple cancer screening tests have been advocated for the general population; however, clinicians and patients are not always well-informed of screening burdens. We sought to determine the cumulative risk of a false-positive screening result and the resulting risk of a diagnostic procedure for an individual participating in a multimodal cancer screening program.
METHODS Data were analyzed from the intervention arm of the ongoing Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, a randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening on disease-specific mortality. The 68,436 participants, aged 55 to 74 years, were randomized to screening or usual care. Women received serial serum tests to detect cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), transvaginal sonograms, posteroanterior-view chest radiographs, and flexible sigmoidoscopies. Men received serial chest radiographs, flexible sigmoidoscopies, digital rectal examinations, and serum prostate-specific antigen tests. Fourteen screening examinations for each sex were possible during the 3-year screening period.
RESULTS After 14 tests, the cumulative risk of having at least 1 false-positive screening test is 60.4% (95% CI, 59.8%–61.0%) for men, and 48.8% (95% CI, 48.1%–49.4%) for women. The cumulative risk after 14 tests of undergoing an invasive diagnostic procedure prompted by a false-positive test is 28.5% (CI, 27.8%–29.3%) for men and 22.1% (95% CI, 21.4%–22.7%) for women.
CONCLUSIONS For an individual in a multimodal cancer screening trial, the risk of a false-positive finding is about 50% or greater by the 14th test. Physicians should educate patients about the likelihood of false positives and resulting diagnostic interventions when counseling about cancer screening.
With more and more publicity regarding healthy population cancer screening, particularly regarding its importance and value in early cancer detection and with more commercial patient requested imaging tests, there has been some concerns in the literature about all this. Specifically there are issues involving the safety of the screening test itself (for example, if X-ray procedures are used) or invasive screening exams (such as sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy). There is also concern about the results of the screening. Are there a large number of false positives as outcome of the screening which lead to additional testing or more invasive procedures with their own risks? In addition, do these false positives lead to unnecessary financial costs of medical care? Is there a benefit for early detection in terms of cancer cure which trumps all the costs and harms which healthy population screening can develop? Answers to these questions within the education the public receives about the need for screening is essential if the public is to accept the screening under ethically and legally appropriate informed consent. The question for doctors, medical organizations and the government is “do we really know and understand what we are advising the public?” ..Maurice.
Graphic: "False Results" created by me using ArtRage and Picasa 3.


Is it possible to multiply the frequency of a digital signal using digital components alone, and at the same time, preserve the duty cycle? I could finally come across the circuit below: it doubles ...
I'm trying to scope out what frequencies different common analog signals are. The DPScope design specs provides a list of common lower (sub 1 MHz) frequencies (copied below). audio (20 kHz) ...
I have a clock that is running at 25.175MHz I want to run that signal through some basic logic gates from the 74HC series. I have looked on the datasheet for the 74HC08 (AND Gate), I can't seem to ...
Important note: You are not helping me do my homework. This is for a competition for engineering students, that encourages you to "use your network" ;) I've got this pattern for a frequency divider ...


COMMON SENSE DEFINED
If we’re going to think about common sense I guess we first need to look for a definition. One dictionary’s definition is:
common sense: (kòm¹en sèns) noun: Native good judgment. [Translation of Latin sênsus commúnis, common feelings of humanity.]
I get from the reference “native” that a little common sense comes from experience and a little may be given to each of us by God. When I was a child, after getting caught for something I had done, I lost count of the times my grand-mother said, “Sometimes you don’t show the common sense God gave a jackass!” So, from an early age I was informed that God did give us some kind of sense that is supposed to be “native” to our being and that even jackasses have some of this gift. Once a person reaches an age where conscious thought actually occurs, we continue to show signs of a common sense that apparently comes from God. For example, testing has proven that all children have an inborn fear of heights. Without anyone actually receiving lessons, common sense tells a child that if they fall or jump from a high place, they’re only going to fly straight to the bottom and that, most likely, they will only get to do it once. Then there’s common sense learned from experience. As a child growing up in Florida, I once chased down, and caught in my hand, a rather large, brown spider. Notice I said “once”. Fortunately for me the lesson was only painful and not deadly. No one had ever told me that spiders would bite. However, from that point forward, without ANY outside instruction, I was always aware that anything and everything “might” bite. Viola! …. Another seed of common sense had just been planted to hopefully keep at least one fool from early disaster. Unfortunately, this aspect of developing common sense can be somewhat painful, and takes longer with some than others. It does not take much common sense for most of us to know that running into a brick wall full force will be an uncomfortable and unrewarding experience. I have a wonderful daughter, who for some unknown reason, when she was young, insisted on experiencing many of life’s challenges, first-hand, in an equally similar manner with the usual predictable results. ZOOM! SPLAT! OUCH! More than once, she got her nose bloodied, before her common sense finally began to start showing itself.
I don’t know just how much common sense God actually decided to give the jackass, or if the jackass tried, could he ever improve his station in life beyond being a politician; but I hope and pray that now, as an older adult, I have developed that which the Lord did choose to give me, plus what I have learned the hard way, to a level of being able to help my children and even grand-children, “fine tune” their own common sense, while experiencing fewer bloody noses.


Key: "S:" = Show Synset (semantic) relations, "W:" = Show Word (lexical) relations
Display options for sense: (gloss) "an example sentence"
- S: (n) fire (the event of something burning (often destructive)) "they lost everything in the fire"
- S: (n) fire, firing (the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy) "hold your fire until you can see the whites of their eyes"; "they retreated in the face of withering enemy fire"
- S: (n) fire, flame, flaming (the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke) "fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries"
- S: (n) fire (a fireplace in which a relatively small fire is burning) "they sat by the fire and talked"
- S: (n) fire (once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles))
- S: (n) ardor, ardour, fervor, fervour, fervency, fire, fervidness (feelings of great warmth and intensity) "he spoke with great ardor"
- S: (n) fire (fuel that is burning and is used as a means for cooking) "put the kettle on the fire"; "barbecue over an open fire"
- S: (n) fire (a severe trial) "he went through fire and damnation"
- S: (n) fire, attack, flak, flack, blast (intense adverse criticism) "Clinton directed his fire at the Republican Party"; "the government has come under attack"; "don't give me any flak"
- S: (v) open fire, fire (start firing a weapon)
- S: (v) fire, discharge (cause to go off) "fire a gun"; "fire a bullet"
- S: (v) fire (bake in a kiln so as to harden) "fire pottery"
- S: (v) displace, fire, give notice, can, dismiss, give the axe, send away, sack, force out, give the sack, terminate (terminate the employment of; discharge from an office or position) "The boss fired his secretary today"; "The company terminated 25% of its workers"
- S: (v) fire, discharge, go off (go off or discharge) "The gun fired"
- S: (v) fire (drive out or away by or as if by fire) "The soldiers were fired"; "Surrender fires the cold skepticism"
- S: (v) arouse, elicit, enkindle, kindle, evoke, fire, raise, provoke (call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)) "arouse pity"; "raise a smile"; "evoke sympathy"
- S: (v) burn, fire, burn down (destroy by fire) "They burned the house and his diaries"
- S: (v) fuel, fire (provide with fuel) "Oil fires the furnace"
- S: (v) fire (generate an electrical impulse) "the neurons fired fast"
- S: (v) fire, flame up (become ignited) "The furnace wouldn't fire"
- S: (v) fire, light, ignite (start or maintain a fire in) "fire the furnace"


U.S. Virgin Islands are often referred as 'America's Paradise'. Saint Thomas, Saint John and Saint Croix - the three main islands that constitute U.S. Virgin Islands - are surrounded by North Atlantic Ocean on the north and Caribbean Sea on the south. They form Virgin Islands archipelago together with British Virgin Islands, which lie on their west.
The islands are popular for their sea, surf, sand and sun and are important tourist attractions of America. Christopher Columbus is credited with discovering the islands in 1493. They were held by European colonial powers such as Spain, Britain, the Netherlands, France and Denmark-Norway one after the other. The Islands were purchased by the United States from Denmark in 1917.
Saint Thomas is the busiest and the most cosmopolitan of U.S. Virgin Islands. Charlotte Amalie in Saint Thomas is the Caribbeans' most popular cruise ship hub. Saint Thomas pampers its visitors with a wide choice of beaches, each having its own specialty. Magens Bay, St. Thomas' most visited beach, has calm waters and is ideal for swimming and children. Water sports opportunities include boating and kayaking.
Palm tree-lined beach of Lindberg Bay is picturesque and is perfect for relaxing. There are facilities for a range of water sports. Coki Point is an excellent beach for snorkeling. Saint Thomas is also a shoppers' paradise. One can have bird's eye view of the U.S. Virgin Island from St. Thomas Skyride, a cable car system.
Saint John is the smallest of U.S. Virgin Islands, but has the best beaches. Trunk Bay is a picturesque beach famous for its white sand and beautiful water. The beach is a popular snorkeling spot. Honeymoon Bay, featuring white sand and crystal clear water, is a quieter beach compared to Trunk Bay.
Hawknest Beach, Great Cruz Bay, Maho Bay and Salomon Beach are just some of the other beaches that Saint John offers. The island, of which a large part is covered by Virgin Islands National Park, has spectacular landscape with lush mountains and beautiful beaches. One can get a peek into Saint John's history and heritage by visiting ruins of sugar plantation sites and rock carvings.
Saint Croix is the largest of three main U.S. Virgin islands. This island is known for its historical sites, rainforest, beaches and hills. There are plantation villages of yesteryears and other sites related with with the plantation agriculture, which made Saint Croix a major sugar producing island. Colonial architecture coexists with modern buildings across towns of the islands. Palm-lined sunny beaches of Saint Croix present unmatched beauty. Protestant Cay, Mermaid Beach and Shoy's are some of the popular beaches of this island.


This patient support community is for discussions relating to general health issues, adolescents, babies, child health, eating disorders, fitness, immunizations and vaccines, infectious diseases, and senior health.
In October, 2010 I was told by my doctor that I had a vitamin d deficiency. My level was 13. My hair was falling out, I was having a lot of back pain, trouble sleeping at night, and I was experiencing memory and concentration problems among other things. Since then I have been taking prescription strength vitamin d at 100,000 IU's per week. I've been on this high dosage for nine months. At one point my level vitamin d level went up to 32. However, they just tested me again (July 26, 2011) and my level has dropped to 26. My doctor now wants me to double my dose to 200,000 UI's for the next three months. Can you tell me why my levels are not going up, and if I should be asking for more blood work? If I need more blood work, what should I request? Any information that you can provide me with will be much appreciated. Thank you in advance.
Did your doctor administer a 25-hydroxyvitamin test to determine if you have optimal levels of Vitamin D in your blood? In order to get the proper amount of Vitamin D your body requires, you need to be able to find a healthy balance of sunlight, but still reduce your risk of skin cancer, particularly Melanoma. Wear sunscreen every time you are in the sun and keep your sun exposure to 20 minutes at a time.
Low vitamin D levels occur because of less intake of vitamin D, less exposure to sunlight or as side effects of some diseases. Toxic substances, harmful chemicals, side effects of certain medicines can also give rise to such condition that the level of vitamin D goes down the normal level. It is a rare occurrence that the vitamin D levels is low because of some hereditary diseases. Following are some of the causes for low levels of vitamin D.
Lack of Exposure to Sunlight
The layer under the skin produces vitamin D using sunlight. People of certain geographical locations like those in the northern hemisphere have living conditions such that their exposure to sunlight is minimum. Aged people and small babies often do not get enough exposure to sunlight. Aging skin of elderly people needs more time to prepare vitamin D. People with the condition of lupus are sensitive towards sunlight. So, they are advised not to stay out under direct sunlight for a long time. Under all these conditions, the factors responsible for low vitamin D, is absence of sunlight.
There are very few food substances that contain naturally occurring vitamin D. Some of the food items that provide us vitamin D are beef liver, fleshy part of the fish, egg yolk, fish oils and cheese. Therefore, vegetarians are more prone to low vitamin D levels.
Another very important element that is usually overlooked by conventional doctors is that you need to take magnesium to get the vitamin D to work properly. Usually, just a normal amount of magnesium is all that is required to get the vitamin D to synthesize properly.
I strongly recommend going to the Vitamin D Council's website to find more information about the magnesium and other supplement connection to vitamin D absorption. Yes, there were other minerals mentioned, but magnesium seems to be the most important one. I urge you to also sign up for their newsletters. Vitamin D deficiency is not funny, because it can kill. It almost killed me. Mine was only 8 when I started out.
In addition to that last post. The amount your are stating you are taking is it really that high or did you mean 1,000 or 2,000 IU? That is an incredibly high amount and seems out fo the ball park. Our experience is that we were low but not as low as you are we were around 20 to 30. The recommended daily intake is about 2,000 I.U. but you have to test your blood a few times to get it right and it takes some months for the level to go up. So I tend to absorb it well and only need 1,000 I.U. to get the Vit D to be normal but I was tested every 3 months until the level was at the right amount. My husband has to take 4,000 I.U. in order to be normal. Yes sunlight does help but you need to get out there (with sunscreen on) and it didn't go up for me after walking an hour a day in the sun. So, it depend on your diet and ability to absorb. As the last post said you need magnesium to help.
The Content on this Site is presented in a summary fashion, and is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. Med Help International, Inc. is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this Site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties. By using this Site you agree to the following Terms and Conditions. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your physician or 911 immediately.


In 1929, the wild financial speculation of the Roaring Twenties came to a sudden halt in October when the stock market began to slide.
Banker's Committee Stops Panic of '29 Worries spread through the economic community about the passing of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act. Tariffs had always been a point of contention among Americans, even spurring South Carolina to threaten secession over the Tariff Act of 1828. Producers such as farmers and manufacturers called for protective tariffs while merchants and consumers demanded low prices. The American economy soared while post-war Europe rebuilt in the '20s, and the Tariff Act of 1922 skimmed valuable revenue from the nation's income that would otherwise have been needed as taxes. The country barely noticed, and the economy surged forward as new technological luxuries became available as well as new disposable income.
Meanwhile, however, the nation faced an increasingly difficult drought while food prices continued to drop during Europe's recovery. Farmers were stretched thinner and thinner, prompting calls for protective agricultural tariffs and cheaper manufactured goods. In his 1928 presidential campaign, Herbert Hoover promised just that, and as the legislature met in 1929, talks on a new tariff began. Led by Senator Reed Smoot (R-Utah) and Representative Willis C. Hawley (R-Oregon), the bill quickly became more than Hoover and the farmers had bargained for as rates would increase to a level exceeding 1828 for industrial products as well as agricultural. A new story by Jeff ProvineThe revenue would be a great boon, but it unnerved economists, who wondered if it could kill the economic growth already slowing by a dipping real estate market.
The weakened nerves shifted from economists to investors, who took the heated debate in the Senate as a clue that times may become rough and decided to get out of the stock market while they could. Prices had skyrocketed over the course of the '20s as the middle class blossomed and minor investors came into being. Another hallmark of the '20s, credit, enabled people to buy stock on margin, borrowing money they could invest at what they hoped would be a higher percentage. The idea of a "money-making machine" spread, and August of 1929 showed more than $8.5 billion in loans, more than all of the money in circulation in the United States. The market peaked on September 3 at 381.17 and then began a downward correction. At the rebound in late October, panicked selling began. On October 24, what became known as "Black Thursday", the market fell more than ten percent. On Friday, it did the same, and the initial outlook for the next week was dire.
Amid the early selling in October, financiers noted that a crash was coming and met on October 24 while the market plummeted. The heads of firms and banks such as Chase, Morgan, and the National City Bank of New York collaborated and finally placed vice-president of the New York Stock Exchange Richard Whitney in charge of stopping the disaster. Forty-one-year-old Whitney was a successful financier with an American family dating back to 1630 and numerous connections in the banking world who had purchased a seat on the NYSE Board of Governors only two years after starting his own firm. Whitney's initial strategy was to replicate the cure for the Panic of 1907: purchasing large amounts of valuable stock above market price, starting with the "blue chip" favorite U.S. Steel, the world's first billion-dollar corporation.
On his way to make the purchase, however, Whitney bumped into a junior who was analyzing the banking futures based on the increase of failing mortgages from failing farms and a weakening real estate market. He suggested that the problems of the new market were caused from the bottom-up, and a top-down solution would only put off the inevitable. Instead of his ostentatious show of purchasing to show the public money was still to be had, Whitney decided to use the massive banking resources behind him to support the falling. He made key purchases late on the 24th, and then his staff worked through the night determining what stocks were needlessly inflated, what were solid, and what could be salvaged (perhaps even at a profit). Stocks continued to tumble that Friday, but by Monday thanks to word-of-mouth and glowing press from newspapers and the new radio broadcasts, Tuesday ended with a slight upturn in the market of .02 percent. Numerically unimportant, the recovery of public support was the key success.
With the initial battle won, Whitney spearheaded a plan to salvage the rest of the crisis as real estate continued to fall and banks (which were quickly running out of funds as they seized more and more of the market) would soon have piles of worthless mortgaged homes and farms. Banks organized themselves around the Federal Reserve, founded in 1913 after a series of smaller panics and determined rules that would keep banks afloat. Further money came from lucrative deals with the wealthiest men in the country such as John D. Rockefeller, Henry Ford, and the Mellons of Pittsburgh. Businesses managed to continue work despite down-turning sales through loans, though the unemployment rate did increase from 3 to 5 percent over the winter.
The final matter was the question of international trade. As the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act continued in the Senate, economists predicted retaliatory tariffs from other countries to kill American exports, but Washington turned a deaf ear. Whitney decided to protect his investments in propping up the economy by investing with campaign contributions. Democrats took the majority as the Republicans fell to Whitney's use of the press to blame the woes of the economy on Congressional "airheads". Representative Hawley himself lost his seat in the House, which he had held since 1907, to Democrat William Delzell. President Hoover, a millionaire businessman before entering politics, noted the shift, but remained quiet and dutifully vetoed the new tariff.
By 1931, it became steadily obvious that America had shifted to an oligarchy. The banks propped up the market and were propped up themselves by a handful of millionaires. If Rockefeller wanted, he could single-handedly pull his money and collapse the whole of the American nation. Whitney took greater power as Chairman of the Federal Reserve, whose new role controlled indirectly everything of economic and political worth. As the Thirties dragged on, the havoc of the Dust Bowl made food prices increase while simultaneously weakening the farming class, and Whitney gained further power by ousting Secretary of Agriculture Arthur Hyde and installing his own man as a condition for Hoover's reelection in '32.
Chairman Whitney would "rule" the United States, wielding public relations power and charisma to give Americans a strong sense of national emergency and patriotism during times like the Japanese War in '35 (which secured new markets in East Asia) and the European Expedition in '39. He employed the Red Scare to keep down ideas of insurrection and used the FBI as a secret police, but his ultimate power would be that, at any point, he could tamper with interest rates or stock and property value, and the country would spiral into rampant unemployment and depression, dragging the rest of the world with it.


Silica fume is a highly pozzolanic material that is used to enhance mechanical and durability properties of concrete. It may be added directly to concrete as an individual ingredient or in a blend of portland cement and silica fume.
Interest in the use of silica fume resulted from the strict enforcement of air-pollution measures designed to stop release of the material into the atmosphere. Initial use of silica fume in concrete was mostly for cement replacement,along with water-reducing admixtures. Eventually,the availability of high-range water-reducing admixtures(superplasticizers) allowed new possibilities for the use of silica fume to produce high levels of performance.
* Reduces concrete permeability
* Increases concrete strength
* Improves resistance to corrosion


What is a Mediator?:
Heavy court caseloads and rising legal costs have prompted many people to settle their legal disputes outside the courtroom through a process known as alternative dispute resolution (ADR). Mediators, also known as arbitrators and conciliators, guide the ADR process and help resolve conflicts between disputing parties.
Job Duties of Mediators:
Mediators facilitate negotiation and settlement between disputing parties by providing direction and encouragement, working collaboratively with the parties and finding creative ways to reach a mutual solution. Specific duties vary widely depending upon practice setting but may include facilitating discussion and controlling the direction of negotiations; preparing court reports, social case histories, correspondence and other documents; implementing legislative enactments and court rules relating to a case; and keeping abreast of current trends, rules and legislation.
Although many mediators are lawyers and former judges, non-lawyers from all backgrounds are entering the profession. To date, no formal licensing or certification process exists in the U.S. for mediators. Training for mediators is available through independent mediation programs, national and local mediation membership organizations, and postsecondary schools, according to the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Colleges and universities in the United States are beginning to offer advanced degrees in dispute resolution and conflict management.
Superior communication, negotiation, problem-solving, analytical and conflict resolution skills are essential. Mediators must have the ability to maintain confidences, exercise sound judgment and discretion, work collaboratively with others and foster effective working relationships with clients, courts, judicial staff, community agencies and the general public. In addition to a high level of competence, successful mediators are intuitive and able to help meet their clients’ emotional needs. Neutrality, honesty, creativity and patience are also crucial to the mediator’s role.
According to the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, earnings for mediators range from $28,090 to $102,202 per year with median annual wages estimated at $49,490. Hourly rates range from a low of $13.50 to a high of $49.05 with a median hourly wage estimated at $23.80. Most mediators are employed by the state and local government, schools and universities, legal service providers, insurance carriers and corporations.
As individuals and businesses seek to avoid the delays, publicity and high costs inherent in litigation, alternative dispute resolution is becoming an increasingly popular alternative to lawsuits. As a result, mediators are expected to experience above average growth in employment.
The American Arbitration Association and the American Bar Association Section for Dispute Resolution provide a wealth of information relating to the dispute resolution field.Mediate.com maintains a list of international, national and state conflict resolution organizations.


Cannibalism: The Ancient Taboo in Modern Times
Sexual cannibalism is considered to be a psychosexual disorder, which involves a person sexualizing the consumption of another person's flesh. This does not necessarily suggest that the cannibal achieves sexual gratification only in the act of consuming human flesh, but also may release sexual frustration or pent up anger. Sexual cannibalism is considered to be a form of sexual sadism and is often associated with the act of necrophilia (sex with corpses). There have been several high profile cases, which have involved sexual cannibalism, including that of Andrei Chikatilo, Edward Gein, Albert Fish, Armin Mewes and Jeffrey Dahmer.
During the 1920's Americans were confronted with the horrors of Albert Fish who was said to have raped, murdered and eaten a number of children. Fish was a sexual cannibal in the truest sense of the term and claimed to have experienced enormous sexual pleasure when he imagined eating a person or when he actually indulged his fantasies.
Andrei Chikatilo, a Russian serial killer, was responsible for the murders of scores of young boys and girls. During most of his life, Chikalito suffered from impotency and was only able to achieve sexual gratification from the torture and murder of other people. He would often mutilate and then consume the flesh of his victims, including the breasts, genitalia and internal sex organs, as well as other body parts. It is possible that he also achieved sexual gratification when cannibalizing. Chikatilo claimed that he was disgusted by the "loose morals" of many of his victims, who served as painful reminders of his own sexual incompetence. Moira Martingale writes in Cannibal Killers that many of the murders Chikatilo committed came after viewing sexually explicit or violent videos.
Edward Gein, a farmer from Plainfield, Wisconsin was as believed to have killed at least three people including his brother, a bar keeper named Mary Hogan and the owner of the local hardware store, Bernice Worden. In 1957, police searched Gein's home and found the body of Worden along with the remains of over fifteen other women. A majority of the remains found at the crime scene were robbed from a nearby cemetery. Gein was believed to have had sexual contact with the corpses.
He was also an admitted transvestite, who found delight in dismembering the bodies and peeling away the skin of the corpses so that he could wear them around the house. Gein was known to have cannibalized some of the bodies, including Worden's whose heart was in a pan on the stove at the time police conducted their search of the house. Whether Gein sexualized the consumption of his victims was unclear. However, there was a strong relationship between his necrophilia and cannibalistic behavior.
Intriguingly, some people that claim to be cannibals have admitted to feeling a sense of euphoria and/or intense sexual stimulation when consuming human flesh. In an article written by Clara Bruce titled Chew On This: You're What's for Dinner, anthropophagists compared eating human flesh with having an orgasm. The experience was further believed to cause an out-of-body-experience causing effects comparable to taking mescaline.
According to Lesley Hensel, author of Cannibalism as a Sexual Disorder, eating human flesh can cause an increase in levels of vitamin A and amino acids, which can cause a chemical effect on the blood and in the brain. This chemical reaction could possibly lead to the altered states that some cannibals have claimed to have experienced. However, this theory has not been substantiated by scientific evidence.
In Fascination with Cannibalism has Sexual Roots, Josh Cannon writes about psychologist Steven Scher and his team who conducted one of the only known studies on sex and cannibalism at Eastern Illinois University in 2002. The study surveyed several groups of people who were asked questions pertaining to cannibalism and sexual interests. The results of the study found that people were more likely to eat someone that they were sexually attracted to than not. This suggests that there might be a significant sexual component in the practice of cannibalism.


BP still has to pay the government for that little slip-up that happened last year. The Clean Water Act imposes punitive damages for any act of pollution carried out in US waters, with fines proportional to the magnitude of the environmental impact. For oil spills, damages are calculated according to the amount of hydrocarbons leaked into the water column. The Macondo well hemorrhaged oil for 89 days. That’s a whole lotta fine dollaz. Damages look set to total between $5.4 and $21 billion dollars, depending government’s final estimate of oil spilled.
But Congress has to decide how that money gets spent – and thankfully, the House and Senate are trying to move quickly to pass the bill. The fine money is tentatively set to be divided amongst five areas:
- 35 percent would be divided equally among the five Gulf states for economic and ecological recovery activities along the coast.
- 30 percent would be dedicated to the development and implementation of a comprehensive restoration plan. A new Gulf Coast Restoration Council — made up of representatives from all five states — would dictate the scope of that plan.
- 30 percent would be disbursed by the council to Gulf Coast states, with the allocation dictated in part by spill impact.
- 5 percent would go to a new long-term science and fisheries endowment and to a Gulf Coast research, science and technology program.
Last October, President Barack Obama established the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force to come up with a plan to not only restore ecosystems damaged by the spill but also to repair decades of past damage done by efforts to reengineer the Mississippi River and expand oil and gas drilling in gulf marshes. The task force, made up of senior federal officials and representatives from the five Gulf Coast states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, held a series of public meetings over the past year and sought input from a wide range of scientists.
The result is a set of sweeping but relatively general recommendations aimed at bolstering both the science and the political support needed to tackle some highly complex restoration challenges. It sets out four major goals—restoring and conserving habitat, restoring water quality, replenishing and protecting living coastal and marine resources, and enhancing community resilience—along with 19 “major actions” needed to accomplish the goals.
The need for better science gets plenty of ink—including calls for more comprehensive gulf monitoring and data-collection systems. But the report also notes that “the dire state of many elements of the Gulf ecosystem cannot wait for scientific certainty and demand immediate action.” To avoid delays, the panel proposes an “adaptive management” process of “learning by doing, wherein flexibility is built into projects, and actions can be changed based on” new science and progress toward goals.


- Definition of syncopation in the Online Dictionary. Meaning of syncopation. Pronunciation of syncopation. Translations of syncopation. syncopation synonyms, syncopation antonyms. Information about syncopation in the free online English. — “syncopation - definition of syncopation by the Free Online”,
- Also, if the musician suddenly does not play anything on beat 1, that would also be syncopation. Playing a note ever-so-slightly before or after a beat is another form of syncopation because this produces an unexpected accent. — “Syncopation - Definition”,
- Syncopation. In music, syncopation includes a variety of rhythms which are in some way unexpected in that they deviate from the strict succession of regularly spaced strong and weak but also powerful beats in a meter (pulse) In music, syncopation includes a variety of rhythms which are in some. — “Syncopation”,
- Syncopation definition, a shifting of the normal accent, usually by stressing the normally unaccented beats. See more. — “Syncopation | Define Syncopation at ”,
- Syncopations can happen anywhere: in the melody, the bass line, the rhythm section, the chordal accompaniment. Ragtime, for example, would hardly be ragtime without the jaunty syncopations in the melody set against the steady unsyncopated bass. — “Syncopation”,
- Syncopation Software is a leading provider of decision support software tools including decision ***ysis software, risk ***ysis Founded as a spin-off from a first-tier consulting organization, Syncopation develops products that go beyond the basics to give you exceptional insight into real-world. — “DPL Decision Tree & Business Risk ***ysis Software”,
- More simply, syncopation is a general term for a disturbance or interruption of the Syncopation is used in many musical styles, and is fundamental in black-influenced styles. — “Syncopation - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia”,
- (Click to enlarge) syncopation from Mozart's Symphony no. 25 syncopation n. Music . A shift of accent in a passage or composition that occurs when a. — “syncopation: Definition from ”,
- Welcome to ! Practicing Smart • Musical Theory • Musical Syncopation • Improvising on the Piano • Laurel Webster. Copyright2010 Loraine & Chris Plante. All Rights Reserved. website design by C. — “Musical Syncopation”,
- Syncopation.TV is the means by which we exhibit, ***yze and discuss the fascinating world of music across genre, cultural, age and national boundaries. This is the place where you can further explore music and the men and women dedicated to this art and craft. — “Syncopation.TV - Home”, syncopation.tv
- Syncopation ( pronounced SINK-o-PAY-shun) is hearing the beat when you don't expect to. When notes begin before or after a strong beat, you have syncopation. Listen to this rhythm in Example 1. The notes fall on the beats. This is not syncopation. Now listen to Example 2. — “Syncopation”, empire.k12.ca.us
- I've been testing out Syncopation using the new iTunes release from Apple and have found Syncopation 2.2 to be fully compatible with iTunes 10. Syncopation has been thoroughly tested on Snow Leopard, and I'm happy to say that no compatibility issues have been found. — “Sonzea - Home”,
- In music the word syncopation has a very specific meaning. Actually, the main syncopation in cha-cha happens on beat two (usually the first part of a rock step), I'll explain why shortly. — “Syncopation in dance and music”,
- on | off. enter. — “Syncopation Official Web Site”,
- For other uses of the same name, see Syncopation (disambiguation). In music, syncopation includes a variety of rhythms which are in some way unexpected in that they deviate from the strict succession of regularly spaced strong and weak but also powerful beats in a meter (pulse). — “Syncopation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia”,
- Syncopation is a musical process that involves adding an unexpected element to the basic beat of a musical composition. At times, the syncopation adds more beats, while at other times it delays or changes the sense of a particular beat in the line of rhythm. — “What Is Syncopation?”,
- Dynamic Syncopation music profile on Yahoo! Music. Find lyrics, free streaming MP3s, music videos and photos of Dynamic Syncopation on Yahoo! Music. — “Dynamic Syncopation on Yahoo! Music”,
- Syncopation Makes It Move. Introduction. Syncopation is the wonderful effect which is created when notes which are supposed to fall in a certain place surprise the ear and fall somewhere else. When the accent falls off the beat, or if there is silence on the beat, then syncopation occurs. — “Music Concepts Online: Syncopation Lecture”, neiu.edu
- Syncopation. Syncopation is a disturbance or interruption of the regular flow of rhythm. Syncopation shifts this emphasis, or, to put it another way, it places the accent on the wrong syllable. — “Syncopation: Excerpts from The NPR Classical Music Companion”, kennedy-
- syncopation in a folk context, check out the examples below. In this example, there is a syncopated melody over a simple quarter-note bass part, which. — “Syncopation”,
- Syncopation is used in many musical styles, including classical music, but it is fundamental in such styles as reggae, ragtime, rap, jump blues, jazz and often in dubstep. In the form of a back beat, syncopation is used in virtually all contemporary popular music. — “Syncopation - New World Encyclopedia”,
- The Elite Syncopation quintet has been touring the United States from coast to coast for over a decade, Elite Syncopation tours nationally, giving dozens of concerts a year, both locally in Connecticut and throughout the rest of the country. Click here for booking information. — “Elite Syncopation: Who We Are”,
related images for syncopation
- Divine Syncopation Body Being Neighbor and Conscience
- Mara Galeazzi
- Divine Syncopation Being detail
- Home | Browse | About Previous
- Avoid playing these exercises by ear or by simply following the rhythmical sense Look carefully at your notes and follow the peculiar division of time Observe the syncopation Emphasize the time well Notice the change in the position of the hand also the fingering
- SYNCOPATION2 1 jpg t=1227738298
- carefully at your notes and follow the peculiar division of time Observe the syncopation Emphasize the time well Notice the change in the position of the hand also the fingering
- Divine Syncopation Body detail
- Syncopation Semale jpg
- ROOM VIEWS FOR DISPLAY PURPOSES ONLY MAY NOT BE TO SCALE
- SYNCOPATION4 jpg t=1227738273
- html 24 Jul 2008 17 55 thumbs 04 Dec 2007 03 59 Syncopation2 jpg 25 Jun 2007 17 21 136k JAZZ TRUMPET II jpg 25 Jun 2007 17 21 140k
- PARTITURA 4 4 BODHRAN
- technique syncopation003B gif
- SYNCOPATION2 jpg t=1227738243
- PARTITURA 4 4 BODHRAN
- SYNCOPATION3 jpg t=1227738257
- After sufficient discussion has taken place a verdict can then be passed based on a majority vote Band Syncopation Genre Vocal Jazz Website
- I ll make it easy for y all
- I ve been struggling to figure out an efficient way to share music with other people in my household for a while now Until now my solution has been to copy files on to Time Capsule so that
- SYNCOPATION1 1 jpg t=1227738314
- Syncopation Screen
- Syncopation Mixed media on 140 Arches Watercolor Paper 5 5 x 7 5 Click here for larger image $100
- box cover costume jewelry rusty metal objects plastic doll s eye embossed wall paper 1962 dictionary text reproduction 1864 newspaper and acrylic paint Closer view of figure Left side of box
- LRendezvous jpg 25 Jun 2007 17 21 140k Le Jongleur jpg 25 Jun 2007 17 21 141k Syncopation1 jpg 25 Jun 2007 17 21 141k Claire de Lune jpg 25 Jun 2007 17 21 141k
- Pobrań 1 Powiększ obrazek
- seemed that the paint work was peeling near the first window at the bow end just on the gunnel It seemed to be a to large area to be cruising damage and the primer coat seemed to be exposed Regards
- 100 Schick Hybriden Syncopation 1999 1645 17 Temptress 1997 622 3
- This is what it took back in the day when Russ first gained the Syncopation Broach
- Syncopation Fresh Start
- PARTITURA 4 4 BODHRAN
- 183 X
- Paragon s Syncopation Jenna Breeder Owner Handler Mary Fedders
- BANJO BANJO BANJO PLECTRUM BANJOS TENOR BANJOS BANJO BOOKS BANJO LESSONS BANJO CHORDS BANJO SONGS
related videos for syncopation
- Syncopated Rhythm Linedance
- But Not For Me - Syncopation iTunes: Syncopation vocal jazz quartet performs "But Not For Me" in Boston, Massachusetts, March 30, 2009. Aubrey Logan, Lee Abe, David Thorne Scott, and Christine Fawson perform.
- Drum Online - Bass drum syncopation Clip from the forthcoming 'Drum Online - Drum tuition vol 1' dvd. Matt Parker demonstrates quarter note grooves incoporating bass drum syncopation.
- Syncopation + Improvisation Just playing around using some syncopated grooves and fills.
- Aces of Syncopation - His Eye is on the Sparrow Aces of Syncopation (Netherlands) featuring MACHTELD CAMBRIDGE AND BROOKS TEGLER Robert Veen,sax; Paul Habraken, sousaphone; Johan Lammers, banjo, Harry Kanters, piano; special guests: Brooks Tegler, drums and Machteld Cambridge, vocals. Recorded by (Thanks!) at: Gospelservice Jazzweekend Berg en op Zoom, May 18-2008 Aces of Syncopation - Netherlands
- 12/8ths African Drum Beats With Syncopated Ride Cymbals : 12/8ths African Drum Beats With Syncopated Cymbals: Part 1 Learn to play 12/8ths African drum patterns with syncopated ride cymbal patterns and conga off the beat or on the beat. Free video drum lessons featuring a professional drummer and drum teacher!
- Elite Syncopations - Scott Joplin Another piece by Scott Joplin I like to play!
- English Country Garden-syncopated piano cover Dan's interpretation of the childhood classic "In an English Country Garden" with syncopation.
- Mirrwatnga used E yidaki | Adam Marrilaga | slow syncopation Jonathon Mirrwatnga made this yidaki, a very rustic and simple-looking instrument. But give it a blow and you'll be surprised that it punches above its weight. Quite extraordinary considering its modest size and shape, and that it has been 'bandaged' in parts with duct tape... I like the slow syncopation that Adam Laga plays on this yirdaki especially the first few seconds: dith-du, ditj-du, ditj-du-drong-ditj-du, ditj-du, du-du-ditj-du-du... This instrument is for sale for those who are interested in yidaki of the highest cultural integrity. It isn't the prettiest thing but it is the real deal: .au
- Dynamic Syncopation & Massinfluence - 2 Tha Left from Xen Cuts.
- Chuck Rainey (examples of his syncopation) My rendition of his trademark bouncy feel from "Coalition" he made with Cornell Dupree, Eric Gayle, Richard Tee and I think, Bernard Purdie. This style of syncopation became the theme for Carol Kaye bass books
- Hal Galper Master Class - Rhythm and Syncopation and please check out Hal's Trio recording, E Pluribus Unum - Live in Seattle http And: From a clinic at the University of Colorado in Boulder, April 2, 2010
- Lee Ritenour - Sweet Syncopation From the album First Course
- Julianne Johnson with syncopation For use with the Beyond Bum-Ditty lesson. Julianne Johnson played slowly twice and then at speed, using the syncopation discussed in the lesson. The original lesson has two parts: Part 1: Part 2: --Cathy Moore
- Tango Lesson: Syncopated Snake Walk + Sustained Volcada Homer and Cristina Ladas perform a didactic demo at the end of an argentine tango class.
- Elite Syncopations by Scott Joplin Ben Washburn, age 15, playing Elite Syncopations by Scott Joplin. This is the second Scott Joplin piece I have learned on the piano.
- Dynamic Syncopation - No Qualms Various Artists : "Ninja Cuts Vol. 3 - Funkungfusion"
- Hugo and Fritz Kreisler Syncopation Hugo Kreisler on cello, Fritz Kreisler on violin, and Charlton Keith on piano playing Fritz Kreisler's "Syncopation"
- Life Syncopation - Jazztronik Life Syncopation by Jazztronik from the album Love Tribe (2007)
- Dynamic Syncopation - The Plan Ninja Tunes - Dynamic Syncopation - The Plan music video.
- Fritz Kreisler: Syncopation This is Fritz Kreisler´s own (and very rare) arrangement of "Syncopation", originally for violin and piano. Recorded 02/2010. Piano tro: MusicA Tre: Ernst Ueckerman, piano; Stephan Knies, violin; Birgit Boehme, cello. More info about MusicA Tre at
- Dynamic Syncopation - Veteran's Leg Dynamic Syncopation - Veteran's Leg Dynamism (1999) Ninja Tune
- Syncopation Emphasizing the offbeat and the unexpected weak beats can be more fun than most realize. This video also builds upon the concept of independence between the offbeat bass drum and the on beat snare with the ride/hihat hand...
- Scott Joplin-Elite Syncopation A Rag Time Piano solo
- Billy Ocean - Syncopation - 1984
- How Music Works: Rhythm - Accent & Syncopation "Humans are naturally musical." In this segment of Howard Goodall's 2006 documentary, a major exponent of why we enjoy music is explained in very clear and concise points. He traces the roots of syncopation back to Africa, long before the West could grasp the concept, and explains the evolution of the shifting of accents in Western music using Philip Glass's "Akhenaten" vs. Handel's "Zadok the Priest" to illustrate.
- West Coast Swing Ladies Syncopations ! West Coast Swing Ladies Syncopations & Variations with Laurie Schwimmer!
- Syncopation - It's Jazzy
- Dynamic Syncopation - The Essence Dynamic Syncopation - The Essence from Dynanism
- Dynamic Syncopation - The Plan (feat. Juice Aleem) Dynamism '1999
- West Coast Swing Syncopations That Sizzle Michael Kiehm & Janelle Walton.
- Both Sides Now- Syncopation Syncopation performs "Both Sides Now" at Spookappella at TCAN. Aubrey Logan, Christine Fawson, David Scott, Tsunenori "Lee" Abe
- Modern Blues Harmonica - syncopation 1 (Gussow.089) Jungle rhythms, bathtub gin, and white girls gone bad: harpist Adam Gussow evokes the origins of "sinful syncopation," using ***ogies from stock car racing, and shows you how to "advance the spark" to boost the horsepower on your own harp playing. Blues Harmonica Secrets Revealed! DVD
- Dynamic syncopation ft. yeshua da poED - the essence dropped 1999 on ninja tune produced by dynamic syncopation
- Syncopation - Anna Piotrowski Syncopation by Fritz Kreisler performed by Anna Piotrowski at the 2008 Preludio Kreisler Concert, Ithaca NY
- Reggae rhythm guitar lesson pt3 syncopation Reggae strumming guitar lesson pt3 I use No, No, No by Dawn Penn to show reggae rhythm on the guitar. I play a G&L tribute asat special electric guitar. The chords I use are mainly Am and D and I slide down to the C and to G Free MP3's of my stuff at http
- Syncopation by Fritz Kreisler
- Free Guitar Lessons: Country Blues Fingerpicking : All About Syncopation & Blues Fingerpicking Learn about syncopation as you learn how to fingerpick the blues on the guitar, from a professional guitar player in this free video music lesson. Expert: Amanda Claire Bio: Amanda Claire is a leather artist currently living in Austin, Texas, where she specializes on custom pieces that blend traditional technique with modern designs. Filmmaker: MAKE | MEDIA
- syncopation.wmv In answer to a Banjohangout thread, I use a guitar and a banjo to discuss the syncopation of a melody
- Acid house from 1958 ... Tom dissevelt & Kid Baltan ( Dick Raaijmakers ) syncopation In 1958, Philips tried to make "popular" electronic music. For a couple of years "room 306" of the Philips laboratory in Eindhoven was allowed to make records like this. It did not catch on. You could say they were 30 years ahead of their time... klassieke muziek remix
twitter about syncopation
Blogs & Forum
blogs and forums about syncopation
“Syncopation November 14, 2008. In Knitting, My designs | 1 comment. Bet you didn't think I'd actually get this done today, did you. Pattern: Syncopation, of my own devising. Model: Rowanspun DK. Yup, this yarn is discontinued. I have it on good authority”
— Syncopation | Fiber Dreams,
“Guitar Noize is a guitar blog focussing on guitar news, crazy guitar designs, Syncopation experiment”
— Syncopation experiment,
“Forum Intro. Greeley Central Drumline Forum. http://syncopation.aimoo. and Exercises. Schedules. Sectionals >> Go to Greeley Central Drumline Forum. Similar Forums”
— Greeley Central Drumline Forum - Aimoo,
“Myspace profile for Syncopation. Find friends, share photos, keep in touch with classmates, and meet new people on Myspace”
— Syncopation on Myspace Music - Free Streaming MP3s, Pictures,
— Pandora FAQ,
“Before starting to explain what musical syncopation is, it is response, or trackback from your own site. Posted in Music by Mickys-Blog No Comments Yet. Leave a Comment”
— What is Musical Syncopation And How Does It Work?,
“Syncopation. Saturday, 27 October 2007. If you are Pagan and have a blog, then we would To join Syncopation's Pagan Blog List: You must display one of the buttons which are on”
“Songwriting and Music Forum > Community Blog > Songstuff Stuff > syncopation. off. Subscribe to Songstuff Our resident drumming expert Tom Hoffman introduces Syncopation and discusses why it is so important for drummers”
— Songwriting and Music Forum -> Songstuff Stuff,
“Submitted by syncopation on Thu, 03/29/2007 - 9:43pm. Related topics: Submitted by syncopation on Thu, 03/29/2007 - 5:31pm. Related topics: love. poem. poetry”
— syncopation's blog | The Icarus Project,