Input: Evidence for the involvement of the Glc7-Reg1 phosphatase and the Snf1-Snf4 kinase in the regulation of INO1 transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Input: In XO males, two her-1 mRNAs, her-1a and her-1b, are transcribed from two separate promoters: P1, located in the 5'-flanking region, and P2, located in the large second intron.

her-1 mRNAs


Input: Induction of Fas ligand expression by HIV involves the interaction of Nef with the T cell receptor zeta chain.

Fas ligand

Nef

T cell receptor zeta chain


Input: Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) comprise a family of proteins that feature intracellular phosphatase domains and an ectodomain with putative ligand-binding motifs.

Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases

RPTPs


Input: These well-characterized brain regions may provide a basis for future studies of RPTP-kappa function.

RPTP-kappa


Input: Commonly used stressors are mental arithmetics, speech tasks, the Stroop test, videogame playing, films or videotapes and interviews.


Input: The control group included 8 afterbirth samples from physiological full-term pregnancies.


Input: However, we identified a gene between the MDV2 UL54 and UL55 genes with homology to the first ORF (ORF-1) of equine herpesvirus type 1 and corresponding gene identified in pseudorabies virus.

MDV2 UL54

UL55 genes

first ORF (ORF-1) of equine herpesvirus type 1


Input: In contrast, the loss of MAD2 staining in meiosis was not correlated with initial microtubule attachment but was correlated with a measure of tension: the distance between homologous or sister kinetochores (in meiosis I and II, respectively).


Input: In epithelial cells, the PH domain of Akt/PKB localised to sites of cell-cell and cell-matrix contact, distinct from focal contacts, even in the absence of serum.

PH domain

Akt

PKB


Input: The 5' untranslated and coding regions are contained within 12 exons, with the translation start site located within the first exon.


Input: The motility of sperm, except for those adjacent to both electrodes, did not change after stimulation for 60s, despite a high electrical energy.


Input: Induction of the CINC promoter by IL-17 in IEC-6 cells was TNF receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF6), but not TRAF2, dependent.

CINC promoter

TNF receptor-associated factor-6


Input: SCFFWD1 may be critical for tumor development and suppression through regulation of beta-catenin protein stability.

beta-catenin protein


Input: A Bub2p-dependent spindle checkpoint pathway regulates the Dbf2p kinase in budding yeast.

Dbf2p kinase in budding yeast


Input: We analyzed the modular organization of DNA polymerase beta and found that residues making contact with DNA phosphates were localized to five modules.

DNA polymerase beta


Input: RESULTS: Cholinergic nerves are mainly involved in the regulation of enteric nerve responses to EFS in the normal IAS.


Input: We show that other cdc33 mutants also arrest in G1.

cdc33 mutants


Input: A cdc33-1 strain expressing either stable Cln3p (Cln3-1p) or a hybrid UBI4 5'-CLN3 mRNA, whose translation displays decreased dependence on eIF4E, arrested randomly in the cell cycle.

UBI4 5'-CLN3


Input: Regulatory motifs for gene expression such as nuclear-factor-kappaB-binding-site-like sequence (kappaB site) and nuclear-factor-interleukin-6-binding-site-like sequence (NF-IL-6 site) were found in the 5'-upstream regulatory region.

nuclear-factor-kappaB-binding-site-like sequence

kappaB site

nuclear-factor-interleukin-6-binding-site-like sequence

NF-IL-6 site


Input: Total serum calcium was 7. 8 +/-0. 8 mg/dl, whereas ionized calcium was 5. 7 +/-0. 7 mg/dl, phosphorus 3. 2 +/-1. 2 mg/dl, and alkaline phosphatase 149 +/-48. 6 U/liter.

alkaline phosphatase


Input: Cranio-caudal differences in granulation tissue formation: an experimental study in the rat.


Input: Site-directed mutagenesis showed that two adjacent SP1 sites proximal to exon 1 were equally important in sustaining basal promoter activity.

SP1 sites


Input: Breast-fed newborn infants synthesize n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids already during the first week of life, but the contribution of endogenous synthesis to the total plasma long-chain polyunsaturated pool is small.


Input: Ischemia and reperfusion markedly increased the release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2.


Input: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) promoter-driven androgen-inducible expression of sodium iodide symporter in prostate cancer cell lines.

Prostate-specific antigen

PSA

sodium iodide symporter


Input: It is clear that subclinical and silent CD exist in a large subgroup of the celiac population.


Input: Ras2p activates invasive growth using either of two downstream signaling pathways, the filamentation MAPK (Cdc42p/Ste20p/MAPK) cascade or the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Cyr1p/cAMP/PKA) pathway.

MAPK

MAPK

cAMP-dependent protein kinase

PKA


Input: Consistent with this prediction, transfections into the hematopoietic cell line Jurkat showed a 9. 0-and 2. 5-fold activation of the mim-1 promoter by the p32 and p30 isoforms, respectively.

mim-1 promoter

p30 isoforms


Input: Despite the reported detrimental effects on CNS development, a number of animal studies have shown that pretreatment with corticosteroids nevertheless protect the brain from hypoxia-ischemic injury; however, clinically such treatment is no longer favored.


Input: In one mechanism, a specialized ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system (called the APC-dependent proteolysis machinery) degrades the mitotic (Clb) cyclin subunit.

ubiquitin

Clb

cyclin subunit


Input: Predictors of success in pharmacy school: PCAT vs. other admission criteria.


Input: Canadian survey reveals widespread dissatisfaction among physicians.


Input: In a series of 16 full-scale fire tests, investigators at the IIT Research Institute have concluded that automatic door control in the room of fire origin can significantly reduce the spread of toxic smoke and gases.


Input: Reporting of adverse events occurring during clinical trials of investigational drugs is a complex and controversial issue.


Input: Medicare SNF benefits revised--again.


Input: In this paper, the current status of the understanding of the interaction mechanisms of ultrasound with biological media and the factors that govern different biological effects are surveyed.


Input: Members of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase family, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, stress-activated protein kinase-1/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, and p38, are central elements that transduce the signal generated by growth factors, cytokines, and stressing agents.

mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase family

extracellular signal-regulated kinase

stress-activated protein kinase-1

c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase


Input: In the present study, we have investigated the functional role of the other MAP kinases in PDGF-mediated cellular responses.

MAP kinases

PDGF


Input: Analyses of tyrosine residue-mutated PDGF receptors show that Src homology 2 domain-containing proteins including Src family kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, the GTPase-activating protein of Ras, the Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase SHP-2, phospholipase C-gamma, and Crk do not play a major role in mediating the PDGF-induced activation of p38.

PDGF receptors

Src homology 2 domain-containing proteins

Src family kinases

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

GTPase-activating protein

Ras

Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase SHP-2

phospholipase C-gamma

Crk

PDGF


Input: Here we show that calpeptin inhibits tyrosine phosphatases, enhancing tyrosine phosphorylation particularly of paxillin.

calpeptin

tyrosine phosphatases

paxillin


Input: Three-dimensional structural studies using electron cryomicroscopy showed that the binding of one Fab (8H2/G5) does not affect the conformation of the capsid, and the efficiency of mRNA production is similar to that of the native subviral particle.

Fab


Input: Further, mutational analysis of NS5A assigned the SH3-binding region to a proline-rich motif that is highly conserved among HCV genotypes.

SH3-binding region


Input: Taken together, these findings show that 16K hPRL inhibits the VEGF-induced Ras activation; this antagonism represents a novel and potentially important mechanism for the control of angiogenesis.

16K hPRL

VEGF

Ras


Input: Analysis of SRE oligonucleotide gel mobility shift assays with nuclear extracts from Sertoli cells demonstrated the presence of both the SRF and the ubiquitously expressed bHLH protein E12/E47.

SRF


Input: Baseline electrocorticography over the surface of the temporal lobe and depth electrode recordings in the amygdala and hippocampus were obtained, followed by 10 min of recording before and after the i. v. administration of both alfentanil 50 microg/kg and fentanyl 10 microg/kg.


Input: We suggest that FlgN and FliT are substrate-specific flagellar chaperones that prevent oligomerization of the HAPs by binding to their helical domains before export.

FlgN

FliT

HAPs


Input: Post and core fabrication for divergent canals with a cast post and core and a prefabricated dowel.


Input: Rep63A (513 amino acids [aa]), encoded by the largest ORF, displayed strong similarity (40% identity) to the replication proteins from plasmids pAMbeta1, pIP501, and pSM19035, indicating that the pAW63 replicon belongs to the pAMbeta1 family of gram-positive theta-replicating plasmids.

Rep63A (513 amino acids [aa])


Input: Here we report the cloning and characterization of Xenopus Pax-5 and Pax-8, two orthologues of the Pax-2/5/8 gene family.

Xenopus Pax-5

Pax-2/5/8 gene family


Input: Km values for ammonium, 2-oxoglutarate, NADH, glutamate and NAD + were 6. 5, 3. 5, 0. 06, 37. 1 and 0. 046 mM, respectively.


Input: Interferon-alpha may exacerbate cryoblobulinemia-related ischemic manifestations: an adverse effect potentially related to its anti-angiogenic activity.

Interferon-alpha


Input: Interferon-alpha may exacerbate cryoblobulinemia-related ischemic manifestations: an adverse effect potentially related to its anti-angiogenic activity.

Interferon-alpha


Input: In addition, we demonstrate that the production of active recombinant telomerase requires a factor in rabbit reticulocyte lysate that promotes ribonucleoprotein assembly.

active recombinant telomerase


Input: Homozygous mutation in two children led to amputation of legs due to purpura fulminans.


Input: According to pilot experiments which considered various durations of global no-flow ischemia ranging from 10 to 20 minutes, two durations were chosen for the present study: 20 minutes (group 20) in which ventricular fibrillation (VF) was the predominant form of arrhythmias, and 18 minutes (group 18) in which the prevalence of VF was markedly lower despite the small difference in the duration of ischemia.


Input: An end-to-end pancreaticojejunostomy using a mechanical purse-string device.


Input: Blood samples were obtained daily during this supplementation period and 5 d thereafter (d 11 to 15).


Input: These results suggest that mitochondrial presequences interact with the mt-hsp70 during or after mitochondrial protein import.


Input: The 3' terminus of the genome can be folded into a tRNA-like secondary structure that has a valine anticodon; the tRNA-like structure lacks a pseudoknot in the aminoacyl stem, a feature common to both genera of tetraviruses.


Input: Only one gene, fibronectin (FN), was highly overexpressed (> 60-fold) in LNCaP-r cells, consistent with previously reported overexpression of FN in prostate cancer.

fibronectin

FN

FN


Input: We also observed that cell surface CD4 (-) CD8 (-) CD3 (-) cells with rearranged TCR genes developed from Id3-transduced but not from control-transduced pre-T cells in an FTOC.

rearranged TCR genes


Input: As determined in a modified yeast two-hybrid system, mIRS3 bound strongly to the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.

p85 subunit

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase


Input: Insulin stimulation promoted the association of mIRS3 with p85, SHP2, Nck, and Shc.

Insulin

Nck

Shc


Input: The mRNA expression of RFX1, RFX2, and RFX3 was detected ubiquitously, but in transient-transfection assays, multimerized RFX binding sites in front of a basal promoter efficiently functioned in a tissue-and lineage-specific manner.

multimerized RFX binding sites


Input: In the case of the unspliceable intron, repression of luciferase expression likely involved two AUF1-binding sequences, since luciferase expression was increased by deletion of these sites.

luciferase

AUF1-binding sequences

luciferase


Input: Thus, VDR acts selectively on the two components required for activation of this promoter/enhancer: it competes with NFAT1 for binding to the composite site, positioning itself adjacent to Jun-Fos on the DNA.

VDR

Jun

Fos


Input: Two evolutionarily conserved kinases, the cyclin B (Clb)/cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk/Cdc28p) and Cdc7p along with its interacting factor Dbf4p, are required late in G1 to initiate DNA replication.

cyclin B

Clb

cyclin-dependent kinase

Cdk


Input: The RanQ69L preincubation leads to accumulation of CRM1 at the cytoplasmic periphery of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) in association with the p62 complex and Can/Nup214.

p62 complex

Can


Input: All of the elements exhibited a uniform structure.


Input: In contrast, the deduced amino acid sequence of a second family (ART5) of transferases, cloned from murine lymphoma cells and expressed in high abundance in testis, displays a hydrophobic amino terminus, consistent with a signal sequence, but lacks a hydrophobic signal sequence at its carboxyl terminus, suggesting that the protein is destined for export.


Input: RESULTS: Each year, on average 39% of cases seen in Sardinia are notified; 646 (40%) of the 1591 patients notified during the study period were never seen by regional medical centres.


Input: This dimer interface is likely important for increasing the DNA-binding specificity and affinity of the trimeric form of HSF, as well as for increasing cooperativity between adjacent trimers.

HSF


Input: Additionally, deletion analysis of the UCP2 promoter-PLAP constructs indicated that the minimal region exhibiting the promoter activity was located between nt-33 and + 100, and that a strong enhancer was present within 601 bp of the 5'-promoter region.

PLAP


Input: The hTERT gene encompasses more than 37kb and consists of 16 exons.

hTERT gene


Input: Both betaAPP mRNA and Abeta levels are increased in trisomy 21.

betaAPP mRNA

Abeta


Input: In reperfusion B, only the diabetic group demonstrated a significant increase in IL-8 concentrations at 1 and 15 min compared to nondiabetics.


Input: This repression was reversed agonists of either receptor demonstrating a functional interaction between NCoR and PPARalpha. RXRalpha heterodimeric complexes in mammalian cells.

NCoR

PPARalpha

RXRalpha


Input: Spc42p also was identified as a component of a cytoplasmic SPB subcomplex containing Spc94p/Nud1p, Cnm67p, and Spc42p.


Input: The average coefficients of correlation were 0. 9998 and 0. 9993 for the QMF and the QIT system, respectively.


Input: The 5-year OS for stage IIIB was 30. 9%, compared to 7. 8% for stage IV.


Input: Furthermore, heparin lyase treatment of extracts of cells expressing recombinant YD-repeat protein releases this protein from high molecular mass aggregates.

heparin lyase

recombinant YD-repeat protein


Input: CDK4 kinase activities were unaffected, as were the levels of the CDK inhibitor p21Cip1 present in cyclin E immunocomplexes.

CDK4 kinase

CDK

cyclin E immunocomplexes


Input: The recombinant purified protein expressed in the baculovirus system had an approximate molecular size 20 kDa with amino-terminal sequence of AVQGP.


Input: Induction of the urokinase promoter by HGF/SF via the Met receptor was blocked by co-expression of a dominant-negative Grb2 and Sos1 expression construct.

urokinase promoter

HGF

SF

Met receptor


Input: Serine phosphorylation of STAT3 was only apparent after somatostatin treatment and was abolished by pertussis toxin or PD 98059, together with the associated increases in proliferation.

somatostatin

pertussis toxin


Input: Nevertheless, we demonstrate that the entire three-component yeast capping apparatus, consisting of RNA 5'-triphosphatase (Cet1p), RNA guanylyltransferase (Ceg1p), and Abd1p could be replaced in vivo by the two-component mammalian apparatus consisting of a bifunctional triphosphatase-guanylyltransferase Mce1p and the methyltransferase Hcm1 (121-476) p.

RNA 5'-triphosphatase

RNA guanylyltransferase

triphosphatase-guanylyltransferase Mce1p

methyltransferase Hcm1 (121-476) p


Input: The IC50 values for rat and dog urinary bladder were 3. 9 x 10 (-6) M and 3. 8 x 10 (-6) M, respectively.


Input: Although it has two potential binding sites, the purified MerR homodimer binds only one Hg (II) ion, employing Cys82 from one monomer and Cys117 and Cys126 from the other.

MerR homodimer


Input: The influence of Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity on the efficacy of intravenous immune globulin in children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

immune globulin


Input: The results of the lab and field tests yielded high levels of infestation in larvae with values ranging from 90 to 100% and from 85 to 95%, respectively.


Input: Amisulpride 400 mg had several adverse effects on psychomotor and, although less severe, on cognitive performance on the fifth day only.


Input: MutY is an adenine-DNA glycosylase with specificity for mismatches involving 8-oxoguanine (oG. A) or guanine (G. A).

MutY

adenine-DNA glycosylase


Input: The kinetics of kinase activity within these complexes compared to CheA alone indicate approximately a 50% decrease in the KM for ATP and a 100-fold increase in the Vmax.

CheA


Input: Latexin, a carboxypeptidase A inhibitor, is expressed in a cell type-specific manner in both central and peripheral nervous systems in the rat.

Latexin

carboxypeptidase A


Input: Regression analyses identified 7 risk and 7 protective factors with minimal overlap.


Input: During 1985, 1990, and 1995, respectively, 11. 7, 11. 3, and 11. 4 infants per 100, 000 live births had a diagnosis of HSV (P =. 98).


Input: Subsets of patients were performed according to the severity of trauma (ISS < 9; 9-17; 18-31; > 32), based on the different injury pattern, and survivors versus nonsurvivors as well.


Input: The median age was 33 years (range 17-56 years).


Input: Developmental follow-up at age 2 years was performed.


Input: In the whole group of infected children, an age-specific z score <-2 for weight and for FFM was significantly associated with an increased risk of death [relative risk (95% CI) = 11. 4 (3. 1, 41. 0) and 5. 1 (1. 5, 18. 2), respectively]; when only children with more severe disease were considered, only z score for weight was significantly associated with an increased risk [4. 6 (1. 4, 14. 9)].


Input: In addition, these cells contained one, two, or multiple nuclei indicative of a G2/M delay in nuclear division and also a defect in cytokinesis and/or cell separation.


Input: DAF16 is known to be a component of a signaling pathway that has been partially dissected genetically and includes homologues of the insulin/IGF-1 receptor, PtdIns 3-kinase and PKB.

insulin

IGF-1 receptor

PtdIns 3-kinase

PKB


Input: However, neu differentiation factor-induced heterodimers of ErbB2 and ErbB4 activated Stat5.

neu


Input: Although linker regions in transcription factors are known to modulate DNA binding specificity, our studies suggest that the human HSF1 linker plays no role in determining HSF1 binding preferences in vivo but is a critical determinant in regulating the HSF1 monomer-trimer equilibrium.

human HSF1

HSF1 monomer-trimer


Input: Modulation of human heat shock factor trimerization by the linker domain.

human heat shock factor


Input: Both functional analyses in undifferentiated and differentiated F9 cells and characterization of DNA-protein complexes in vitro have identified the sequence motifs GTGACT (C), ATTGT, and GATA as the key transcription factor binding sites.


Input: These results suggest that the phenotype of XLP may result from perturbed signaling not only through SLAM, but also other cell surface molecules that utilize SAP as a signaling adaptor protein.

SLAM

SAP


Input: We also localized the Fra-2 phosphorylation sites by MAPK to three threonine and three serine residues in the COOH-terminal region by means of site-directed mutagenesis and showed that the threonine residues were more susceptible to MAPK.

Fra-2 phosphorylation sites

MAPK

MAPK


Input: Nevertheless, they are functionally distinct in that FcalphaRI binds human IgA (hIgA) but not bovine IgG2 (bIgG2), whereas bFcgamma2R binds bIgG2 but not hIgA.

FcalphaRI

human IgA

hIgA

bovine IgG2

hIgA


Input: Vac1p was found to bind the Sec1p homologue Vps45p.

Sec1p homologue Vps45p


Input: To identify these sites, Cdk2-phosphorylated MARCKS was digested with lysyl endoprotease and analysed by electrospray MS.

MARCKS

lysyl endoprotease


Input: The yeast LPD1 gene encoding lipoamide dehydrogenase is subject to the general control of amino acid biosynthesis mediated by the GCN4 transcription factor.

yeast LPD1 gene

lipoamide dehydrogenase

GCN4 transcription factor


Input: However, the serum TNF-a concentration decreased significantly in patients receiving pentoxifylline (basal 623 +/-366 pg/ml; 6th month 562 +/-358 pg/ml, p < 0. 01), but not in the control group.

serum TNF-a


Input: In addition, we show that the expression of individual members of one subfamily of KRAB zinc finger genes is restricted to specific hematopoietic cell lineages.

KRAB zinc finger genes


Input: Employing fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism, we showed that the binding of Ca2 + to ALG-2 induced significant conformational changes in both the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of the protein.


Input: They also occur in similar locations in the promoters of several other ribosomal protein genes.

ribosomal protein genes


Input: RESULTS: Transpulmonary passage of contrast occurred in sufficient amounts to enhance the intensity of the Doppler signal significantly, but the duration of this effect was short.


Input: In this paper, such lesions in two cases were evaluated by ultrasonography.


Input: These regions contain inverted E-box palindromic or direct repeat motifs and bind SREBP-1 with different affinities.


Input: To address these questions, a recombinant FRAP/mTOR protein and a FRAP/mTOR immunoprecipitate were utilized in in vitro kinase assays to phosphorylate 4E-BP1.

FRAP

mTOR

FRAP

mTOR


Input: The coexpression of full-length expression constructs for both DBP and hepatic leukemia factor resulted in a dramatic increase in activation mediated by the GAL4-DBP fusion proteins, suggesting the involvement of a regulated coactivator in this process.

DBP

hepatic leukemia factor

DBP


Input: Cp is normally the main promoter for EBNA mRNA initiation, so it appears that EBNA3C contributes to a negative autoregulatory control loop.

Cp

EBNA mRNA


Input: These indications of deregulated signalling in the absence of tyrosine 118 were substantiated by sustained activation of STAT3.


Input: With exon trapping, we could isolate five potential exons from the YAC 946E12 that spans the region, four of which could be placed in the contig in the vicinity of the breakpoints.


Input: Campomelic dysplasia translocation breakpoints are scattered over 1 Mb proximal to SOX9: evidence for an extended control region.


Input: The most common characteristics of VRE patients were recent prior vancomycin use, recent prior susceptible enterococcal infection, coinfection with other microbial pathogens, and concurrent fungal infection.


Input: A coiled-coil domain, conserved within each encoded protein, serves as a potential interaction motif for FLI LRR.

FLI LRR


Input: Binding affinities of these recombinant phages as determined by the retention of these phages by a His-tag immobilized gp17 column, and by co-immunoprecipitation with purified terminase supported the specific nature of the portal protein and terminase interaction sites.

terminase

portal protein

terminase interaction sites


Input: Although the terminase apparently interacts with this gp20 portal peptide, polyclonal antibody against the portal peptide appears unable to access it in the native structure, suggesting intimate association of gp20 and gp17 possibly internalizes terminase regions within the portal in the packasome complex.

terminase

gp20 portal peptide

terminase regions


Input: cDNA and structural organization of the gene Pole1 for the mouse DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit.

gene Pole1

mouse DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit


Input: A liquid chromatographic method is described for analysis of beta-carotene in medical food.


Input: The FCMS conditions were as follows: 2 kW maximum electrical power consumption, 800 V maximum capacitor voltage, 720 microseconds pulsewidth (180 microseconds rise time), and 5-30 Hz frequency.


Input: Severe hemolysis resulted in statistically significant changes in the mean values of the above analytes in addition to the following increases: alanine aminotransferase, calcium, and serum globulins (P < 0. 001) and albumin and total protein (P < 0. 01).

alanine aminotransferase

serum globulins

albumin


Input: Optimal monitoring of ODA remains undefined.


Input: The exon: intron structure of chicken IL8 corresponds almost exactly to that of human IL8 and differs from those of other known mammalian CXC chemokine genes.

chicken IL8

human IL8

mammalian CXC chemokine genes


Input: The Aa-Pri2 gene, specifically expressed during basidiocarp differentiation of the mushroom Agrocybe aegerita, was cloned.

Aa-Pri2 gene


Input: The main causes of liver disease in the patients with HCC were hepatitis C virus (HCV) (77%), alcohol abuse (73%), and the combination of HCV and alcohol abuse (50%).


Input: Three new aromatase inhibitors have recently completed phase III evaluation as treatment of metastatic breast cancer in post-menopausal women whose disease has progressed despite tamoxifen therapy: anastrozole (ARIMIDEX, Zeneca), letrozole (FEMARA, Novartis) and vorozole (RIVIZOR, Janssen).

aromatase


Input: Of those injuries, 143 cases were snowboard related and 158 cases were ski related.


Input: The femoral artery/vein and the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were examined in healthy human male volunteers.


Input: SRFDelta5 acts as a naturally occurring dominant negative regulatory mutant that blocks SRF-dependent skeletal alpha-actin, cardiac alpha-actin, smooth alpha-actin, SM22alpha, and SRF promoter-luciferase reporter activities.

SRF

skeletal alpha-actin

cardiac alpha-actin

smooth alpha-actin

SRF

luciferase


Input: In serum-free media, p50E4F accelerated E1A-induced apoptosis.


Input: Progression after first-line chemotherapy was associated with significantly worse survival for patients with metastasis.


Input: Mutations within human UTR1 modulate NRF-1 expression by interfering with mRNA translational efficiency in transfected cells and in an in vitro translation system.


Input: As is deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA, CBS-1 contains an open reading frame consisting of 182 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 19. 5kDa.


Input: Corticostriatal and corticosubthalamic input zones from the presupplementary motor area in the macaque monkey: comparison with the input zones from the supplementary motor area.


Input: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to induce angiogenesis in various animal models, but the methods of administration used experimentally are not clinically feasible.

Basic fibroblast growth factor

bFGF


Input: Both filters equally contributed to elevation of iliac venous pressure (median, 9. 3 and 7. 2 mm Hg [n = 9] with the spring filter and RF02 filter, respectively).


Input: 12 healthy women (age 18-38 years) were examined using the 2-hour' s method of passive leg rising (PLR) in follicular (FP) and luteal (LP) phases of normal ovulatory cycle.


Input: Thus, sgRNA2 has the 3' TE in its 5' UTR.


Input: These single mutational defects in the eRF1-eRF3 interaction became evident when either truncated protein eRF3C or C-terminally altered eRF1 proteins were used for the authentic protein, providing further support for the presence of a C-terminal interaction.


Input: Removal of each of three contiguous segments from the N-terminal half specifically inhibits the formation of 5. 8Ss rRNA, whereas deleting part of the C-terminal region of the protein only blocks the production of 18S rRNA.

5. 8Ss rRNA

18S rRNA


Input: Ras is not associated with the tegument.

Ras


Input: Green fluorescent protein-tagged UNC-49B and UNC-49C subunits are coexpressed in muscle cells and are colocalized to synaptic regions.

UNC-49C subunits


Input: We show that a protein, UBC9, interacts specifically with TEL in vitro and in vivo.

TEL


Input: Molecules of NH3 are capable of emitting stimulated radiation (MASER).


Input: The major findings of our studies are as follows: 1) There are no detectable signals around GDF-9-deficient follicles for several theca cell layer markers [i. e.


Input: Interestingly, highly charged residues were abundantly possessed in the carboxy-terminal part of the MDV2 UL10 protein.

MDV2 UL10 protein


Input: Identification and structure of the Marek' s disease virus serotype 2 glycoprotein M gene: comparison with glycoprotein M genes of Herpesviridae family.

Marek' s disease virus serotype 2 glycoprotein M gene

glycoprotein M genes


Input: OBJECTIVE: To perform a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) between a standard antiemetic regimen-chlorpromazine + dexamethasone (CPM-DEX)-and a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist-tropisetron (TROP)--in the control of acute emesis induced by highly emetogenic chemotherapy in children, considering two analytic perspectives: hospital and patients.

5-HT3 receptor


Input: Baseline data were obtained from 10 adults.


Input: A comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the core regions of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains found in these three dsRNAs suggested that these dsRNAs probably evolved independently within each host plant from a common ancestor.

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains


Input: Consistent with this possibility, a non-MBD region of Bin1 was sufficient to recruit a repression function to DNA that was unrelated to histone deacetylase.

MBD

histone deacetylase


Input: Forty-eight sequences, 30 not previously identified as IR-responsive, were significantly regulated by IR.


Input: A recently described protein, metaxin 1, serves as a component of a preprotein import complex in the outer membrane of the mammalian mitochondrion.

metaxin 1


Input: Molecular cloning of rat SH2-containing inositol phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) and its role in the regulation of insulin signaling.

rat SH2-containing inositol phosphatase 2

insulin


Input: Slp1 represses transcription via this binding site in yeast cells, consistent with its role as a direct repressor of ftz stripes in interstripe regions during late stages of embryogenesis.

ftz


Input: The results of these studies support a model in which VirB4 dimers or homomultimers contribute structural information for the assembly of a transenvelope channel competent for bidirectional DNA transfer, whereas an ATP-dependent activity is required for configuring this channel as a dedicated export machine.

VirB4 dimers


Input: The penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) synthesize and remodel peptidoglycan, the structural component of the bacterial cell wall.

penicillin binding proteins

PBPs


Input: TCR alpha (TCRA) expression was examined in RNA samples from PBMC and isolated populations of CD4 +, CD8 +, and DN T cells from 15 healthy individuals.

TCR alpha

TCRA

CD4 +

CD8 +


Input: Similar results were obtained with xylitol, an activator of the pentose phosphate pathway.


Input: D3S1261 is physically located at or near the MITF locus, while D3S2465 and D3S1766 are flanking the locus at about 17. 5 cM genetic distance each side.

MITF locus


Input: The percentages of recovery decreased with storage time, although the addition of dispersant (Tris-Tween 80) before storage appeared to partially prevent adhesion.


Input: Point mutations of the site that suppressed Pit-1 binding in vitro restored full tiGH promoter activity.

tiGH promoter


Input: A human Raf-responsive zinc-finger protein that binds to divergent sequences.

human Raf-responsive zinc-finger protein


Input: We are reporting an autopsy case of so-called " acute multiple sclerosis " that was difficult to differentiate from a brain tumor on MRI findings.


Input: Furthermore, MOM-4 and TAK1 bind related proteins that promote their kinase activities.


Input: BACKGROUND: The MAZE-III is the surgical treatment of choice for medically refractory atrial fibrillation.


Input: Gab2, a new pleckstrin homology domain-containing adapter protein, acts to uncouple signaling from ERK kinase to Elk-1.

pleckstrin

ERK kinase


Input: The presence of cutaneous xanthomas with normal serum lipid levels is due to the antibetalipoproteic activity of the monoclonal immunoglobulin.

monoclonal immunoglobulin


Input: In an attempt to reduce the incidence of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal lesions, the following approaches have been proposed: (i) use of the prostaglandin analogue misoprostol, which is an antiulcer drug which has been proven to be as effective in the prevention of NSAID-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers as in the reduction of serious upper gastrointestinal complications; (ii) histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2 antagonists), e. g. ranitidine, cimetidine and famotidine, which are useful in the prevention of NSAID-induced duodenal ulcers during long term treatment, but not in the prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers; (iii) proton pump inhibitors, e. g omeprazole, and pantoprazole, whose efficacy in preventing NSAID-associated ulcers has been recently demonstrated; and (iv) barrier agents, e. g. sucralfate, which cannot be recommended as prophylactic agents to prevent NSAID-induced gastropathy.

histamine H2 receptor


Input: Lung mesenchyme serves as a' compleat' inducer of lung morphogenesis by secreting soluble peptide growth factors.


Input: The activation of the HIV promoter required the nuclear localization of c-Abl and could be correlated with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II.

c-Abl

RNA polymerase II


Input: The bovine papillomavirus E2 protein can inhibit the proliferation of HT-3 cells, a p53-negative cervical carcinoma cell line containing integrated human papillomavirus type 30 DNA.

bovine papillomavirus E2 protein


Input: E2 point mutants unable to inhibit cell growth did not repress cdc25A and cdc25B expression, nor did the cell cycle inhibitors hydroxyurea and mimosine.


Input: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary duct (AAPBD) is closely related to congenital biliary dilatation and frequently associated with biliary tract malignancy.


Input: Neurospora crassa CYT-18, can rescue the exonic trap and intron mutants which cause a structural defect.


Input: DDP1 also localizes to heterochromatin in interphase nuclei of larval neuroblasts.


Input: In a reconstituted human DNA repair system containing DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase III-XRCC1, accurate rejoining of a 3' mismatched base residue at a single-strand break is dependent on addition of the exonuclease.

DNA polymerase beta

DNA ligase III


Input: The PAC clone with an insert size of 120kb was isolated and mapped by restriction analysis.


Input: Sequence of 10q24 locus surrounding the HOX11 oncogene reveals a new gene HUG1 expressed in a T-ALL cell line.

10q24 locus

HOX11 oncogene


Input: About 20 kb upstream of LAMB2 we found a gene encoding a transcribed, non-processed LAMB2-like pseudogene (LAMB2L).

LAMB2-like pseudogene


Input: Site-directed mutagenesis of the R2 protein was used to provide evidence that this motif is also part of the active site of the endonuclease encoded by this element.

R2 protein


Input: The infected cell protein no. 0 (ICP0) of herpes simplex virus 1 is a promiscuous transactivator shown to enhance the expression of genes introducted into cells by infection or transfection.

infected cell protein no. 0


Input: Wrist measurement of blood pressure: some critical remarks to oscillometry.


Input: G-box-directed expression in leaves required the presence of an enhancer region from the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter.

35S promoter


Input: Another element necessary for augmenting the amplitude of the oscillation lies between-178 and-264.


Input: This scFv was therefore used as control in experiments where another anti-Ras scFv (Y259 scFv, derived from the neutralizing anti-Ras mAb Y13-259) blocked the Ras pathway in vitro and led to tumor regression in a nude mouse model [Cochet, O., Kenigsberg, M., Delumeau, I., Virone-Oddos, A., Multon, M. C., Fridman, W. H., Schweighoffer, F., Teillaud, J. L., Tocque, B., 1998.

anti-Ras scFv

Y259 scFv

anti-Ras mAb Y13-259

Ras


Input: There was no competition between activin A and OP-1 for availability of Smad4, indicating that the concentration of this common signal transducer is not limiting for generating the observed biological responses.

activin A


Input: Our data therefore indicate that it is possible to engineer the HA envelope glycoprotein by fusing ligands to its amino-terminal end without affecting its fusion activity.

HA envelope glycoprotein


Input: However, the favored, parallel beta helix model is a compact coil of ten helically arranged beta strands forming two parallel beta sheet faces.


Input: This is predicted to encode a 315-residue protein containing seven hydrophobic helical regions and a 17 amino acid motif characteristic of the R7G family of G-protein coupled membrane-bound receptors.

R7G family

G-protein coupled membrane-bound receptors


Input: Characterisation of the chicken apolipoprotein A-I gene 5'-flanking region.

chicken apolipoprotein A-I gene


Input: These results suggest that members of the ATF family are involved in mediating the transcriptional regulation of the KGF gene in response to extracellular stimuli via a novel CRE regulatory element.

ATF family

KGF gene


Input: Moreover, a high proportion of blood samples from a random sample of the rest of the suspects tested positive for trypanosome-specific DNA by PCR (79. 9% for T. b. gambiense and 13. 9% for T. b. rhodesiense).


Input: A multi-centre evaluation of the card indirect agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (TrypTect CIATT).


Input: Results for men who drank up to two drinks per day suggest that if the dependence criteria were invalid, reductions in the prevalence of specific indicators of alcohol dependence would range from 0. 3% to 5. 2%.


Input: Mutagenesis of the CDE/CHR elements and Sp1 sites in this region, alone or in combination, reduced transcriptional activity by 40-60% in asynchronously growing cells and abolished cell cycle periodicity in G2-M-synchronized cells.

Sp1 sites


Input: Using Scheffe' s procedure as an illustration, comparisons are made to usual sample size methods that incorrectly ignore the stochastic nature of S2p.


Input: The crystal structure of the VP16 core has been determined at 2. 1 A resolution.

VP16 core


Input: The latter method adds clamping of the inferior vena cava, which results in hypotension, requiring invasive anesthetic management.


Input: By contrast, PvirE or Plac promoter constructs yielded functional VirE2 only if virE1 was coexpressed with virE2.

PvirE

Plac promoter constructs


Input: Simian parainfluenza virus 5 (SV5) is a prototype of the Paramyxoviridae family of nonsegmented negative-sense RNA viruses.


Input: To investigate the functions of GE, IG, and GS sequences in transcription, we constructed plasmids containing cDNAs of the full-length SV5 genome in which the gene junction sequences (GE, IG, and GS sequences) located between the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and the polymerase (L) genes were replaced with the counterpart sequences from other gene junctions.

hemagglutinin-neuraminidase

HN

polymerase (L) genes


Input: CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor and a coreceptor for T-cell-line-tropic (X4) and dual-tropic (R5X4) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates.


Input: These data will help us to better detail the CXCR4 structural requirements exhibited by different HIV-1 strains and will direct further mutagenesis efforts aimed at better defining the domains in CXCR4 involved in the HIV-1 Env-mediated fusion process.

Env


Input: The results of these analyses indicate that the proteinase cleaves at amino acid residues E960-A961, E1071-S1072, E1345-T1346, and E1419-G1420; however, the cleavage efficiency is varied.


Input: y.


Input: SM is also shown to be associated in vivo with other components of the CRM 1 export pathway, including the small GTPase Ran and the nucleoporin CAN/Nup214.

SM

CRM 1

small GTPase Ran

CAN


Input: Identification of a spliced gene from Kaposi' s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encoding a protein with similarities to latent membrane proteins 1 and 2A of Epstein-Barr virus.

latent membrane proteins 1 and 2A of Epstein-Barr virus


Input: Auditory clicks were given at a rate of 20 s (-1).


Input: Myosin light chain kinase functions downstream of Ras/ERK to promote migration of urokinase-type plasminogen activator-stimulated cells in an integrin-selective manner.

Myosin light chain kinase

Ras

ERK

urokinase-type plasminogen activator

integrin


Input: The inhibition of StAR gene transcription by DAX-1 was dose-dependent reducing transcription to 6% of control levels.

StAR gene


Input: In a prospective randomized study, 287 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stage IIIb or IV with ECOG performance status (PS) 0-1 or 2 were randomly assigned to receive either best supportive care (BSC) or supportive care plus combination chemotherapy (IEP regimen: ifosfamide 3 gm/m2 IV with mesna uroprotection, epirubicin 60 mg/m2 IV on day 1 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 IV on day 2; or MVP regimen: mitomycin-C 8 mg/m2, cisplatin 100 mg/m2 IV on day 1, vinblastine 4 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 15).


Input: The transcriptional activities of the full-length promoter (-295 to + 85) and of three deletion constructs (-197,-154 and-74 to + 85) were significantly down-regulated in resistant cells.


Input: A 13-bp cis-regulatory element in the LTR promoter of the tobacco retrotransposon Tto1 is involved in responsiveness to tissue culture, wounding, methyl jasmonate and fungal elicitors.

tobacco retrotransposon Tto1


Input: In this study we describe that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate (TPA), and forskolin induced CREB (cAMP-responsive element-binding protein) Ser-133 phosphorylation with comparable magnitude and kinetics in NIH 3T3 cells.

platelet-derived growth factor

PDGF

CREB

cAMP-responsive element-binding protein


Input: This constitutes evidence for an in vivo role of SRC-1 in dimerization-induced activation by OR1/RXRalpha.

RXRalpha


Input: By contrast, mTRAP100 coprecipitates in vivo with another component of the TRAP complex (TRAP220), which directly contacts TR and the vitamin D receptor in a ligand-dependent manner.

TRAP complex

TR

vitamin D receptor


Input: This sequence also confers VDR and vitamin D responsiveness to a heterologous promoter.

VDR


Input: Expression of GlcNAc-TI mRNA in tobacco leaves was detected using RT-PCR.

GlcNAc-TI mRNA


Input: Chemical stability tests and site-specific mutagenesis identified amino acids H219 and D63 of RegS and RegR, respectively, as the phosphorylated residues.

RegS

RegR


Input: An overexpression of the betaAPP gene in certain areas of the AD brain has been suggested to be an important factor in the neuropathology of AD.

betaAPP gene


Input: For functional studies, two promoter regions were cloned upstream of the reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT): (i) phbetaE-B-the plasmid that contains the human (h) promoter region (-2832 to + 101) including URE, and (ii) prhbetaE-B-the plasmid that contains the rhesus (rh) promoter region excluding URE as it lacks a 270 bp region of the hbetaAPP promoter (-2435 to-2165).

chloramphenicol acetyl transferase

CAT

hbetaAPP promoter


Input: 67 393 bp of contiguous DNA located between markers cdc18 and cdc14 on the right arm of fission yeast chromosome II has been sequenced as part of the European Union Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome sequencing project.


Input: 67 393 bp of contiguous DNA located between markers cdc18 and cdc14 on the right arm of fission yeast chromosome II has been sequenced as part of the European Union Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome sequencing project.


Input: G-CSF (480 micrograms subcutaneously (s. c.)) were used in 55 and GM-CSF (400 micrograms s. c.) in 28 chemotherapeutic cycles.

G-CSF

GM-CSF


Input: Overexpression of H411 cDNA in the RAW 264. 7 macrophage cell line promoted an increased growth rate, suggesting that expression of H411 is part of the proliferative cell response to LPS.

H411 cDNA


Input: Human expressed sequence tag clones were identified by sequence similarity to mammalian and yeast oligosaccharide-processing mannosidases, and the full-length coding region of the putative mannosidase homolog was isolated by a combination of 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends and direct polymerase chain reaction from human placental cDNA.

mammalian and yeast oligosaccharide-processing mannosidases

mannosidase homolog


Input: Activation of ERK1/2 is correlated with induction of the immediate-early response genes.

immediate-early response genes


Input: The transcription of most RP genes is activated by two Rap1p binding sites, 250 to 400 bp upstream from the initiation of transcription.

RP genes

Rap1p binding sites


Input: We have isolated three mutant alleles of CDC4 (cdc4-10, cdc4-11, and cdc4-16) which suppress the nuclear division defect of cdc20-1 cells.


Input: Role of secondary structure in discrimination between constitutive and inducible activators.


Input: In summary, Ca (2 +)-dependent activation of NO production mediates apoptosis after TG exposure in JT/Neo cells.

TG


Input: Accumulation of the U4/U6 duplex was relieved by overexpression of wild-type Prp44p.

wild-type Prp44p


Input: Our results, when combined with previously published in vitro results, support a direct role for Prp44p in unwinding of the U4/U6 helix.


Input: This approximately 125-nt RNA proved to arise via RNase E cleavage from the 3'-terminal region of the mRNAs bearing the terminator.

RNase E


Input: The mysteries of geographic variability in nonmelanoma skin cancer incidence.


Input: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the cAMP-dependent kinases (PKAs) promote cytoplasmic growth and modulate the growth-regulated mechanism triggering the begin of DNA synthesis.

cAMP-dependent kinases

PKAs


Input: A recombinant derivative harboring the pMJ101 replication region proved to be compatible with pJM1, a plasmid containing the iron acquisition system required for the virulence of V. anguillarum 775, another important pathogen that causes vibriosis.


Input: FAK localizes to sites of transmembrane integrin receptor clustering and facilitates intracellular signaling events.

FAK

transmembrane integrin receptor


Input: Expression of various FAK mutants in the FAK-cells showed that FAK kinase activity, the Tyr-397/SH2 domain binding site, and the first proline-rich SH3 binding region in the FAK C-terminal domain were individually needed to promote full FAK-mediated FAK-cell migration to FN whereas direct paxillin binding to FAK was not required.

FAK mutants

FAK

FAK kinase

Tyr-397/SH2 domain binding site

SH3 binding region

FAK C-terminal domain

FAK

FAK

FN

paxillin

FAK


Input: This dominant-negative effect of FRNK was reversed by a point mutation (Leu-1034 to Ser) which prevented FRNK localization to focal contact sites.

FRNK

FRNK


Input: Fifty six young patients (age < 45 yr) with doppler-proven DVT were investigated for the presence of resistance to activated protein C (APC-R), lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin antibodies and deficiencies of protein C, protein S, ATIII activities.

activated protein C

APC-R

anticardiolipin antibodies

protein C

protein S

ATIII


Input: DESIGN: Comparison of number of women with PKU aged 15-44 years on the NSW PKU database (observed number) with expected number derived from population data.


Input: PURPOSE: The purposes of the present study were to assess the effects of a 12-wk laboratory based aerobic exercise program on cardiopulmonary function, CD4 cell count, and physician-assessed health status among symptomatic pre-AIDS HIV-infected individuals (N = 28) and to assess the degree to which ill health was associated with exercise relapse.


Input: Epidemiologic evidence indicates that estrogen replacement therapy after menopause increases breast cancer risk.


Input: In addition to its elongation activity, ELL contains a novel type of RNA polymerase II interaction domain that is capable of repressing polymerase activity in promoter-specific transcription.

ELL

RNA polymerase II interaction domain


Input: A diagnosis of IgA lambda multiple myeloma with peritoneal involvement was made.

IgA lambda


Input: The radiation burden associated with the majority of examinations in nuclear medicine expressed as the effective dose is comparable with the radiation burden of radiodiagnostic examinations, only after administration of preparations with 131I, 201Tl, 67Ga and 111In it is markedly higher.


Input: Although the risk of malformation in children born after ICSI is not increased there is an increased risk to transmit genetic abnormalities in case of NOA (such as the rate of sex chromosome, or microdeletions of the Y chromosome) and in case of congenital OA (mutations of the cystic fibrosis gene).

cystic fibrosis gene


Input: TaV particles have a buoyant density of 1. 296 g/cm3 in CsCl and consist of two capsid proteins of 56 and 6 kDa.

capsid proteins


Input: CONCLUSION: These results suggest that vibration-induced neural involvement can be considered neither pure digital neuropathy, nor definite CTS, as previously described.


Input: In about 770 bp upstream region of Spam1 that has been cloned and sequenced, multiple transcription factor binding sites including a CRE (cAMP-responsive element) were found.


Input: The in vitro relaxivity of the complex is 16. 24 s (-1) mM (-1).


Input: Bacterial recovery of SA from the liver/spleen and the cecal tonsil in contact poults and SG from contact chicks treated with ILK was dramatically reduced when compared to non-treated contact poults and chicks.

ILK


Input: The results of the ISIS-2 trial and the data from the Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration indicated that aspirin is mandatory in patients with acute myocardial infarction and for secondary prevention.


Input: This study was performed to assess the role of additional diagnostic laparoscopy in the preoperative staging of patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer prior to intended curative surgery.


Input: This report presents state-specific MMRs for 1987-1996, focusing on persistent disparities in maternal mortality between black and white women.


Input: Preheparin LPL mass level did not significantly differ in individuals from 19 to 70 years old, for both men and women.

LPL


Input: A decrease in insulin-induced receptor kinase activity was observed for solubilized chimeric receptors.

insulin


Input: Cat-1 is identical to the recently identified binding partner for the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (betaARK or GRK-2), which was shown to have Arf-GAP activity.

beta-adrenergic receptor kinase

betaARK

Arf

GAP


Input: Cat proteins are tyrosine-phosphorylated when co-expressed in cells with the focal adhesion kinase Fak and Src.

Cat proteins

focal adhesion kinase Fak

Src


Input: Immunoprecipitation experiments using DokR-specific antibodies revealed an interaction between endogenous DokR and a 150-kDa protein that is tyrosine-phosphorylated in EGF-stimulated BaF/3 cells.

DokR-specific antibodies

endogenous DokR

EGF


Input: Expansins are a family of proteins that catalyse long-term extension of isolated plant cell walls due to an as yet unknown biochemical mechanism.

Expansins


Input: This review summarizes the clinical evidence to support current therapies in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).


Input: The responsive region of the alpha 2 (V) collagen gene was localized to a fragment including 100 bp of basal promoter and 150 bp of exon 1 sequences, which contained two CRE-like elements.

alpha 2 (V) collagen gene


Input: Furthermore, addition of B-Myb-glutathionine S-transferase fusion protein inhibited complex formation.

B-Myb

glutathionine S-transferase


Input: APOE-epsilon4 count predicts age when prevalence of AD increases, then declines: the Cache County Study.

APOE


Input: A new DNA repair gene from Schizosaccharomyces pombe with homology to RecA was identified and characterized.

DNA repair gene

RecA


Input: Among mucus-secreting cells, the gastric gland mucous cells, Brunner' s glands, accessory glands of pancreaticobiliary tract, and pancreatic ducts exhibiting gastric metaplasia are unique in that they express class III mucin identified by paradoxical Con A staining composed of periodate oxidation, sodium borohydride reduction, Con A, and horseradish peroxidase reaction.

class III mucin

Con A

Con A

horseradish peroxidase


Input: The C-terminal mutants were strongly dominant over TraR, suggesting that they can form heteromultimers with the wild-type activator.

TraR


Input: The data imply that JAK/STAT signaling has a role in EBV-associated malignancies.

JAK

STAT


Input: There were 27 men and 156 women.


Input: A., Bowers, K. E, and Matthews, C.


Input: Spfkh1 is transcribed in one open reading frame that contains the DNA binding domain, nuclear localization signal and transactivation domain.


Input: The molecular mechanism of Tax-mediated trans-activation has been well investigated.

Tax


Input: METHODS: 109 suspected cases with SS underwent the biopsies.


Input: We also identify several regulatory domain mutants in which Cd (2 +) tolerance of the mutant strain and transport activity of the protein are dissociated.


Input: The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Tat protein regulates transcription by stimulating RNA polymerase processivity.

human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Tat protein

RNA polymerase


Input: One of these SEBPs, SEBP2, was shown to be the product of the homeotic gene fork head.

SEBPs

homeotic gene fork head


Input: Identity elements in tRNA for mono-and dimethylation reactions by the recombinant pfTrm1p were identified using in vitro T7 transcripts of 33 variants of tRNA (Asp) and tRNA (Phe) from yeast.

recombinant pfTrm1p

tRNA (Asp)

tRNA (Phe)


Input: In insulin-responsive cells, Akt phosphorylates and inactivates the serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3).

insulin

Akt

serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3


Input: The B cell antigen receptor activates the Akt (protein kinase B)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 signaling pathway via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.

B cell antigen receptor

Akt

protein kinase B

glycogen synthase kinase-3

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase


Input: Fewer recombination events are detected in four different B and T cell lines that do not undergo switch recombination of their endogenous genes.


Input: IL-1 and TNF increase AND-34 transcript levels in thymic cortical reticular, thymic nurse, and fibroblast cell lines.

TNF

AND-34 transcript


Input: To determine what role eIF4E might play in c-myc expression, the c-myc 5' untranslated region (UTR) was fused in-frame to CAT reporters, and several more derivative constructs were made.

c-myc

c-myc 5' untranslated region (UTR)

CAT reporters


Input: Analysis of cell cycle proteins showed that 24 h of lovastatin treatment in the control cells caused an elevation in the levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 (kip1), inhibition of both cyclin E-and cyclin A-dependent kinase activity, and decreased levels of hyperphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb).

cyclin-dependent kinase

cyclin E-and cyclin A-dependent kinase

retinoblastoma protein

pRb


Input: RESULTS: Circulating leptin concentrations in AN were 3. 5 +/-0. 5 versus 7. 6 +/-1. 2 ng/ml in control subjects.

leptin


Input: Copyright 1999 Academic Press.


Input: Oligonucleotide probes corresponding to wild-type and mutant EpRE sequences were used in gel-shift and super-shift analyses to identify proteins binding.


Input: PKNbeta had high sequence homology with PKNalpha, originally isolated PKN, especially in the repeats of charged amino acid-rich region with leucine-zipper like sequences (CZ region/HR1), in the carboxyl-terminal catalytic domain, and in approximately 130 amino acid stretch (D region/HR2), located between CZ region/HR1 and the catalytic domain.

PKNbeta

PKNalpha

PKN


Input: At baseline, serum levels of lycopene and FLOP were abnormally high and serum FLOP was correlated significantly with plasma cyclosporine levels (r = 0. 646, p = 0. 016).


Input: BACKGROUND: Chronic alcohol consumption has been demonstrated to be deleterious to bone health.


Input: Interestingly, following induction of stress by heat shock, high salt, or ethanol, conditions under which most mRNA export is blocked, Npl3p is still exported from the nucleus.


Input: For symptomatic relief and inhibition of the growth of the metastases interferon-a and somatostatin analogues can be employed.

interferon-a

somatostatin


Input: In summary, the no-adverse-effect-level for this study was determined to be 1000 ppm, based on decreased weight gain in female rats, and on slight organ weight changes in both sexes at 3000 ppm.


Input: Some of them produce gigantic sperm several times the total male body length.


Input: PDGF A-chain levels increase in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exposed to ATII.

PDGF A-chain

ATII


Input: M-Ras interacted poorly in a yeast two-hybrid assay with multiple Ras effectors, including c-Raf-1, A-Raf, B-Raf, phosphoinositol-3 kinase delta, RalGDS, and Rin1.

M-Ras

Ras

A-Raf

B-Raf

phosphoinositol-3 kinase delta

RalGDS


Input: Deletion mapping of the human presenilin-1 (PS1) promoter delineated the most active fragment from-118 to + 178 in relation to the transcription start site mapped in this study, in both human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH and hepatoma HepG2 cells.

human presenilin-1


Input: Analysis of the E2F1 gene promoter showed that the-146 to-54 region was required for E2-responsiveness in transient transfection assays, and subsequent deletion/mutation analysis showed that a single upstream GC-rich and two downstream CCAAT-binding sites were required for transactivation by E2.

E2F1 gene promoter


Input: In the course of investigating the mechanisms by which OF5 and OF3 regulated CYP11A1 transcription, we found that OF5 and OF3 bound Sp1 and Sp3 in JEG-3 cells.


Input: In contrast, the differentiation of neoplastically transformed cells does not repress mitogenic responsiveness or junB or c-fos inducibility.

junB

c-fos


Input: Adipocyte differentiation of nontransformed cells also markedly represses the ability of SRF to bind to the junB SRE, the c-fos SRE, and other SREs, as determined by mobility shift and gel supershift assays, without affecting the DNA binding characteristics of the nuclear protein SP-1.

SRF

junB

c-fos


Input: Transformation blocks differentiation-induced inhibition of serum response factor interactions with serum response elements.

serum response factor


Input: The core enzyme is homologous to those of bacteriophages T3, T7 and SP6 whereas the specificity factor shows similarities with bacterial sigma factors.

core enzyme

bacterial sigma factors


Input: The Cr. psbA-4 ORF contains an H-N-H motif, and possibly a GIY-YIG motif.

Cr. psbA-4 ORF


Input: The interaction of zf4-6 with full-length 5 S RNA was far more sensitive to non-specific competitor concentration than was the zf4-7: 5 S RNA interaction, suggesting that finger seven contributes to both affinity and specificity in this protein: RNA interaction.

full-length 5 S RNA

5 S RNA


Input: The STAT protein accumulation resulting from C/EBP expression was tightly coupled to the morphological conversion of fibroblasts to adipocytes and represents an expression profile identical to that reported for mature adipocytes in vivo.

STAT protein

C/EBP


Input: The median durations for response and survival time in the late phase II trial were 2. 3 months and 5. 8 months, respectively.


Input: The role of' scientific psychiatry' in understanding patients with chronic schizophrenia or severe personality disorder.


Input: Myocardial antioxidant enzymes, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, in the MCT-treated rats were not different compared to control rats.

catalase

glutathione peroxidase

superoxide dismutase


Input: The second goal was to ascertain the somatotopic arrangement of the GPi in PD.


Input: These overall results indicate that there is generally one PERV copy per integration site.


Input: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether administration of misoprostol prevents gastric hemorrhage in healthy dogs treated with high doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS).


Input: Patients were assessed for cardiac MIBG uptake, circulating norepinephrine concentration, LVEF, peak Vo2, x-ray cardiothoracic ratio, M-mode echographic end-diastolic diameter and right-sided heart catheterization parameters.


Input: Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) are ligand-inducible transcription factors that mediate critical functions in many species.


Input: These cells were able to present influenza virus particles to HLA-DR1-restricted T cell clones.


Input: Sequencing of zebrafish (Danio rerio) bacterial artificial chromosome and P1 artificial chromosome genomic clone fragments and of cDNA clones has led to the identification of five new loci coding for beta subunits of proteasomes (PSMB).

PSMB


Input: In addition to homologues of the human genes PSMB5 through PSMB9, two new genes, PSMB11 and PSMB12, have been found for which there are no known corresponding genes in humans.

human genes PSMB5


Input: It applies Udry' s biosocial perspective, which attempts to reconcile the biological and sociological models of premarital sexual and reproductive behaviour.


Input: Weight and height z-scores were significantly associated with BMD z-scores.


Input: A limited sampling strategy was used based on a bayesian parameter estimation algorithm that is part of the ADAPT II software package.


Input: The amino acid changes D206A and D208A abolish singly or in combination the exonuclease activity in vivo.


Input: Previous experimental evidence had indicated that Reg1 might target Glc7 to nuclear substrates such as the Snf1 kinase complex.

Snf1 kinase complex


Input: In the present study, we demonstrate that expression of TD-IkappaBalpha blocked phorbol myristate acetate-phytohemagglutinin or tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced IkappaBalpha gene transcription and abolished NF-kappaB DNA binding activity, due to the continued cytoplasmic sequestration of RelA (p65) by TD-IkappaBalpha.

TD-IkappaBalpha

acetate-phytohemagglutinin

tumor necrosis factor alpha

IkappaBalpha gene

NF-kappaB

RelA

TD-IkappaBalpha


Input: (i) Complete Grb10 expression from cDNA with an ecdysone-regulated transient expression system stimulated PDGF-BB-, IGF-I, and insulin-but not epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced DNA synthesis in an ecdysone dose-responsive fashion.

PDGF-BB

IGF-I

insulin

epidermal growth factor

EGF


Input: The analysis of two distinct mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways shows that stress-activated protein kinase-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, resulting in the phosphorylation of ATF-2, c-Jun, and JunD, is required not only for the IL-1-but also for the TPA-dependent induction, while the extracellular signal-related kinase 1 (ERK-1) and ERK-2 activation is involved in the TPA-but not in the IL-1-dependent stimulation of the uPA enhancer.

mitogen-activated protein kinase

stress-activated protein kinase

Jun N-terminal kinase

c-Jun

JunD

extracellular signal-related kinase 1

uPA enhancer


Input: CONCLUSIONS: In healthy individuals, whole body insulin sensitivity is related, or " coupled, " to the anaerobic threshold.

insulin


Input: Interdomain signaling in a two-domain fragment of the human glucocorticoid receptor.

human glucocorticoid receptor


Input: In contrast, the xtRNA (Sec) gene needs the binding of the seven Staf zinc fingers, but not Oct-1, for optimal transcriptional capacity.

xtRNA

Sec

Staf zinc fingers


Input: Collectively, these results show that the differential utilization of Staf zinc finger 1 represents a new, critical determinant of the transcriptional activation mechanism for the Xenopus tRNA (Sec) and human U6 snRNA genes.

Staf zinc finger 1

Xenopus tRNA

Sec

human U6 snRNA genes


Input: In B cells, HEF1 is phosphorylated by a cytoskeleton-dependent mechanism that is triggered by integrin ligation.

integrin


Input: The calcitonin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of HEF1 increased in a time-and dose-dependent manner.

calcitonin


Input: Independent protrudor muscle stimulation increased VI, max (peak increase 61%, P < 0. 05), did not change Pcrit, and decreased Rn (peak decrease of 41%, P < 0. 05).


Input: The human RAD30B and mouse Rad30b mRNA transcripts, like many repair proteins, are highly expressed in the testis.

human RAD30B

mouse Rad30b mRNA transcripts


Input: Analysis of the mouse STAP gene isolated from the genomic library revealed that the STAP gene spans a region of over 11 kb and comprises eight exons.

mouse STAP gene

STAP gene


Input: A reduced matrix distribution and enhanced cell density were observed as the biofilm aged.


Input: After 10 months of treatment with the conjugated estrogen, both his height and weight showed improvement, while his bone mineral density and bone age were increased.


Input: Viscosity experiments on the catalytic fragment kinase reaction demonstrated that the chemical (phosphoryl transfer) step had a reduced rate.


Input: Velocity sedimentation, cross-linking, and immunoprecipitation analyses of detergent-solubilized rat brain revealed that the 32 and 34 kDa polypeptides reside within heterotetramers.


Input: In vitro expression levels of the different plasmids differed by as much as tenfold.


Input: In EEG only single slow waves above left temporal region were revealed.


Input: Molecular characterization of type-specific capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis genes of Streptococcus agalactiae type Ia.


Input: (1998) FASEB J.


Input: IL-1beta (10 ng/ml) drastically increased both PDGFalphaR and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (C/EBPdelta) mRNA levels in a time dependent manner.

PDGFalphaR

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta

C/EBPdelta


Input: Transient tyrosine phosphorylation of Crk in fibroblast growth factor-2-stimulated endothelial cells was dependent on the juxtamembrane tyrosine residue 463 in FGFR-1, and a Crk SH2 domain precipitated FGFR-1 via phosphorylated Tyr-463, indicating direct complex formation between Crk and FGFR-1.

Crk

fibroblast growth factor-2

Crk SH2 domain

Crk


Input: Role of the 3' untranslated region of baculovirus p10 mRNA in high-level expression of foreign genes.

baculovirus p10 mRNA


Input: The intron RNA consists of 2492 nucleotides which can be folded into a secondary structure with all the expected sequence motifs of subgroup-IIA1 introns (Michel et al.


Input: The intron is capable of splicing despite the fact that both the EBS1/IBS1 and the EBS2/IBS2 sequence motifs, thought to be necessary for correct splicing, extend over 5 instead of 6 bp.


Input: The Trk/Nerve Growth Factor receptor mediates the rapid activation of a number of intracellular signaling proteins, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase).

Trk/Nerve Growth Factor receptor

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

PI 3-kinase


Input: Chemical uptake into human stratum corneum in vivo from volatile and non-volatile solvents.


Input: Like DNA binding, transcriptional enhancement required amino-terminally located basic amino acid residues but not the carboxyl-terminal portion of Hap46 known to participate in hsp70 interaction.


Input: We have tested the function of two potential NF-kappaB-like sites present in the PAI-2 proximal promoter for responsiveness to TNFalpha using chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene deletion and mutation analyses.

NF-kappaB-like sites

PAI-2 proximal promoter

TNFalpha

chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene


Input: N-terminal sequence analysis and NMR measurements revealed that this fragment originates from the C-terminal 80 residues of MBF1 and form a well structured C-terminal domain of MBF1, MBF1CTD.


Input: The nucleosomal response associated with immediate-early gene induction is mediated via alternative MAP kinase cascades: MSK1 as a potential histone H3/HMG-14 kinase.

immediate-early gene

MAP kinase cascades

histone H3


Input: 272, 1904].


Input: Using 16 strains of C. trachomatis in triplicate assays, we found the RT-PCR method consistently more sensitive than the conventional technique for all eight antimicrobials tested, with resultant MICs determined by RT-PCR ranging from 1. 6-fold higher (erythromycin) to >/= 195-fold higher (amoxicillin).


Input: Recent molecular analysis has revealed that the S locus is highly polymorphic and contains several genes, i. e., SLG, SRK, the as-yet-unidentified pollen S gene (s), and other linked genes.

S locus

SLG

SRK

pollen S gene (s)


Input: A cDNA encoding a putative RNA and/or DNA helicase has been isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA libraries.

RNA and/or DNA helicase


Input: In vivo, MyoD requires this tryptophan motif to evoke chromatin remodeling in the Myogenin promoter and to activate Myogenin transcription.

MyoD

Myogenin promoter

Myogenin


Input: Feed intake and BW gains were decreased (P < 0. 05) by dietary treatments containing M.


Input: The N terminus of beta (95 kDa) corresponds to alpha with the integrase domain attached to the C terminus (32 kDa).

integrase domain


Input: Skn-1a lacking the C-terminal region completely lost transactivation ability, irrespective of the promoter tested, and was able to block transactivation by normal Skn-1a in competition assays.


Input: In early Xenopus embryos, the transforming growth factor-beta member activin induces the gene Mix. 2 by stimulating the formation of a multiprotein complex, activin-responsive factor (ARF).

transforming growth factor-beta

activin

gene Mix. 2

activin-responsive factor

ARF


Input: To further characterize the structure and evolutionary synthesis of the CMT1A-REP repeat, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and heterologous PCR-based assays were carried out for a series of primates.


Input: Natl.


Input: In the face of the outbreak, there was a delay before vaccination was able to stop deaths.


Input: Here we show that a novel isoform of Rapl GTPase-activating protein, called rap1GAPII, binds specifically to the alpha-subunits of the G (i) family of heterotrimeric G-proteins.

Rapl GTPase-activating protein

G (i) family

heterotrimeric G-proteins


Input: The B-oligomer of pertussis toxin deactivates CC chemokine receptor 5 and blocks entry of M-tropic HIV-1 strains.

pertussis toxin

CC chemokine receptor 5


Input: Cross-linking the B cell Ag receptor (BCR) to surface Fc receptors for IgG (Fc gamma R) inhibits G1-to-S progression; the mechanism by which this occurs is not completely known.

B cell Ag receptor

BCR

surface Fc receptors

IgG

Fc gamma R


Input: Cross-linking the B cell Ag receptor (BCR) to surface Fc receptors for IgG (Fc gamma R) inhibits G1-to-S progression; the mechanism by which this occurs is not completely known.

B cell Ag receptor

BCR

surface Fc receptors

IgG

Fc gamma R


Input: TRAF2 is a potent activator of a 95-kDa serine/threonine kinase termed germinal center kinase related (GCKR, also referred to as KHS1), which signals activation of the SAPK pathway.

95-kDa serine/threonine kinase

germinal center kinase related

GCKR

SAPK


Input: An activation-responsive element in single C motif-1/lymphotactin promoter is a site of constitutive and inducible DNA-protein interactions involving nuclear factor of activated T cell.

single C motif-1

lymphotactin


Input: A portion of p193 is nuclear and localizes to the mitotic spindle.


Input: The main issues are the need to explain a number of still unknown mechanisms, to determine which " natural diet " carries the minimum coronary risk and whether " new " foods produced by modern technology are really needed to contrast this epidemic.


Input: Cotransfection of the coactivator CREB-binding protein relieved the transcriptional repression of PPARalphawt by PPARalphatr, suggesting that the dominant negative effect of PPARalphatr might occur through competition for essential coactivators.

CREB-binding protein

PPARalphawt

PPARalphatr

PPARalphatr


Input: SF-1 does not have an N-terminal AF1 domain.


Input: We discuss these results in terms of the influence that time and nutritional constraints have on odonate development patterns and fitness.


Input: OBJECTIVE: 1998 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data estimate an 83. 1% 5-year survival rate for corpus uteri adenocarcinoma FIGO stage II.


Input: A novel Drosophila A kinase anchor protein, Drosophila A kinase anchor protein 200 (DAKAP200), is predicted to be involved in routing, mediating, and integrating signals carried by cAMP, Ca (2 +), and diacylglycerol (Li, Z., Rossi, E.

Drosophila A kinase anchor protein

Drosophila A kinase anchor protein 200


Input: In vitro transcription results indicate that this 5' structure functions in the attenuation mechanism, since deletion of the stem-loop caused an increase in transcription readthrough.


Input: A 5' RNA stem-loop participates in the transcription attenuation mechanism that controls expression of the Bacillus subtilis trpEDCFBA operon.

Bacillus subtilis trpEDCFBA operon


Input: Single-alanine-substitution mutations had minimal, if any, effects on S-induced cell-to-cell fusion.


Input: Furthermore, we demonstrate that transcription from the MMTV 5' LTR is highly active in the absence of Stat5a, a transcription factor that had been shown previously to be required for transcription from the MMTV LTR.

MMTV 5' LTR

MMTV LTR


Input: Regional insertional mutagenesis of specific genes on the CIC5F11/CIC2B9 locus of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5 using the Ac/Ds transposon in combination with the cDNA scanning method.

Ac

Ds


Input: RESULTS: CK-MB elevation was detected in 313 patients (18. 7%), with 1-3x in 12. 8%, 3-5x in 3. 5% and > 5x normal in 2. 4% of patients.

CK

MB


Input: Thus, NART-R performance may not be a valid estimate of baseline IQ for patients with neurologic disorders with suspected language impairment.


Input: Activated areas have been identified by means of cross-correlation analysis.


Input: Natural Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide antibodies in 412 infants and children from West Africa (Burkina-Faso) and France: a cross-sectional serosurvey.


Input: In this study, we identified Sp1 and Sp3 as major factors binding to the Sp1 sites of the p21/WAF1/Cip1 promoter in MG63 cells through electrophoretic mobility shift assays and showed that TSA treatment did not change their binding activities.

Sp1 sites


Input: Galoyan has summarized the results of his discovery of cardioactive neurohormones.


Input: To study the regulation of its expression, the human aldehyde reductase gene and promoter were cloned and characterized.

human aldehyde reductase gene


Input: The C2C-Prx is encoded as a preprotein of 273 amino acids containing a putative chloroplast-targeting signal of 65 amino acids at its N-terminus.

Prx


Input: Immediately before surgery patients received either intravenous hydrocortisone 100 mg or placebo in random, double-blind order.


Input: A tyrosine-based sorting signal in the beta2 integrin cytoplasmic domain mediates its recycling to the plasma membrane and is required for ligand-supported migration.

beta2 integrin cytoplasmic domain


Input: The injection of XDRP1 protein into fertilized Xenopus eggs blocked embryonic cell division.

XDRP1 protein


Input: Using transgenic Xenopus embryos, we demonstrate that the integrity of these two sequences is necessary for correct spatial expression of a Xbra2 promoter-driven reporter gene.

Xbra2 promoter-driven reporter gene


Input: In order to screen for such cofactors, we have used a transcriptionally inactive mutant of Xenopus MEF2D in a yeast two-hybrid screen.

Xenopus MEF2D


Input: NuA4 has an apparent molecular mass of 1. 3 MDa.


Input: ATF1 transcription is negatively regulated by unsaturated fatty acids and oxygen.


Input: Mutation of TTF-1-binding sites (TBE) 1, 3, and 4 in combination markedly decreased transcriptional activity of SP-A promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs containing SP-A gene sequences from-256 to + 45.

TTF-1-binding sites (TBE) 1, 3, and 4

SP-A

chloramphenicol acetyltransferase

SP-A gene


Input: Insulin-like growth factor-I induces bcl-2 promoter through the transcription factor cAMP-response element-binding protein.

Insulin-like growth factor-I

bcl-2 promoter

cAMP-response element-binding protein


Input: Synthesis of antisense RNA and S phase-dependent binding of E2F complexes in intron 1.

E2F complexes


Input: Identification of eotaxin-3 will further promote our understanding of the control of eosinophil trafficking and other CCR3-mediated biological phenomena.


Input: NF-kappaB plays a critical role in activation of HIV-1 gene expression by cytokines and other stimuli, but the signal transduction pathways that regulate the switch from latent to productive infection have not been defined.

NF-kappaB


Input: These studies suggest that MAPK acts by stimulating AP-1 and a subsequent physical and functional interaction of AP-1 with NF-kappaB, resulting in a complex that synergistically transactivates the HIV-1 LTR.

MAPK

NF-kappaB

HIV-1 LTR


Input: ERK MAP kinase links cytokine signals to activation of latent HIV-1 infection by stimulating a cooperative interaction of AP-1 and NF-kappaB.

ERK MAP kinase

NF-kappaB


Input: A human nuclear-localized chaperone that regulates dimerization, DNA binding, and transcriptional activity of bZIP proteins.

bZIP proteins


Input: Clinical differentiation of patients with mild diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) and idiopathic toe walking (ITW) can be difficult.


Input: Sputum IL-8 and MPO were significantly increased after BPT in both TDI-and grain dust-asthma (P < 0. 05).

Sputum IL-8

MPO


Input: Montelukast reduces airway eosinophilic inflammation in asthma: a randomized, controlled trial.


Input: Here, we demonstrate that kinase-dead but not wild-type forms of Fyn, Lck, and ZAP-70 block 70Z Cbl-mediated NFAT activation.

Fyn

Lck

Cbl

NFAT


Input: Substitutions of region I with synthetic sequences showed that no specific sequence but rather repeats of three or more consecutive adenines or thymines, without interruption by guanine or cytosine, are required for the ARS activity.


Input: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PHO85 encodes a cyclin-dependent protein kinase (Cdk) catalytic subunit with multiple regulatory roles thought to be specified by association with different cyclin partners (Pcls).

cyclin-dependent protein kinase

Cdk

cyclin

Pcls


Input: Mutants with mild lace alleles grow to become adults with multiple aberrant morphologies in the appendages, compound eye, and bristles.

lace alleles


Input: In fact, SPT activity in the fly expressing epitope-tagged Lace was absorbed by epitope-specific antibody.

SPT

Lace


Input: These results show that targeting of Ras-GAP could represent a novel anticancer approach.

Ras

GAP


Input: EB-1, a tyrosine kinase signal transduction gene, is transcriptionally activated in the t (1; 19) subset of pre-B ALL, which express oncoprotein E2a-Pbx1.

tyrosine kinase signal transduction gene


Input: BCL6 encodes a POZ/Zn finger protein, a structure similar to that of many Drosophila developmental regulators and to another protein involved in a human hematopoietic malignancy, PLZF.

POZ/Zn finger protein

PLZF


Input: Beta 1 integrin-and proteoglycan-mediated stimulation of T lymphoma cell adhesion and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling by thrombospondin-1 and thrombospondin-1 peptides.

Beta 1 integrin

mitogen-activated protein kinase

thrombospondin-1 peptides


Input: Optical CD, and spectral and activity analyses were used to examine reactivity of HO isozymes with NO species produced by NO donors.

HO isozymes


Input: The phosphotransferase system (PTS) of Streptomyces coelicolor identification and biochemical analysis of a histidine phosphocarrier protein HPr encoded by the gene ptsH.

histidine phosphocarrier protein HPr

ptsH


Input: Serum concentrations of bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin (bone Gla protein, BGP), urinary levels of pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr) and computed tomography (CT) measurements of the cross-sectional areas of the vertebrae and the femurs, the apparent density of cancellous bone in the vertebrae, and the volume and the material density of cortical bone in the femurs were determined in 126 boys and 143 girls, ages 7-18 years.

bone specific alkaline phosphatase

BALP

osteocalcin

bone Gla protein

BGP


Input: In another study, intravenous administration of devazepide, a specific cholecystokinin-A receptor antagonist, at a dose of 0. 1 mg/kg/hr was begun 15 min before postprandial saline intake and continued for 1 hr.

cholecystokinin-A receptor


Input: This cluster consisted of four apparently unrelated ESTs and two genes, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and a novel gene (tentatively named EST-YD1).

pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A

PAPP-A


Input: Prognostic value of a treadmill exercise score in symptomatic patients with nonspecific ST-T abnormalities on resting ECG.


Input: Structural changes in the C-terminus of Ca2 +-bound rat S100B (beta beta) upon binding to a peptide derived from the C-terminal regulatory domain of p53.

rat S100B

beta beta


Input: We propose that Gly84 is part of a putative " oxyanion hole " involved in the stabilization of the transition state similar to the C group of the esterase/lipase family.

C group

esterase

lipase


Input: The solution structure of the adduct derived from the covalent bonding of the fjord region (+)-(11S, 12R, 13R, 14S) stereoisomer of anti-11, 12-dihydroxy-13, 14-epoxy-11, 12, 13, 14-tetrahydrobenzo [g] chrysene, (+)-anti-B [g] CDE, to the exocyclic N (6) amino group of the adenine residue dA6, (designated (+)-trans-anti-(B [g] C) dA6), positioned opposite a thymine residue dT17 in the DNA sequence context d (C1-T2-C3-T4-C5-(B [g] C) A6-C7-T8-T9-C10-C11). d (G12-G13-A14-A15-G16-T17-G18-A19-G20 + + +-A21-G22) (designated (B [g] C) dA. dT 11-mer duplex), has been studied using structural information derived from NMR data in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) calculations.


Input: Since sildenafil came on the market, it seems that the place of MUSE is reduced because comparative studies give better results for sildenafil than MUSE (70% vs 40%) and of course with a better acceptance.


Input: Serum antibodies were detected in at least 95% of the infected guinea pigs between 4-30 WPI and rats between 3-16 WPI.


Input: CONCLUSIONS: These results show that once daily oral valganciclovir can produce exposures of ganciclovir (AUC24) exceeding those attained using intravenous ganciclovir 10 mg/kg.


Input: Except for nonperfusion of neurosensory retinal vessels at a light dose of 150 J/cm2, no other adverse events were of concern.


Input: Except for nonperfusion of neurosensory retinal vessels at a light dose of 150 J/cm2, no other adverse events were of concern.


Input: The healing rate in HIV-positive patients was 66 percent after 14 weeks and 100 percent after 32 weeks; the corresponding figures for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were 0 and 50 percent.


Input: The P mRNA also contains a third ORF for the V protein, although it is unclear how or whether this ORF is accessed.

P mRNA

V protein


Input: A genetic screen in yeast has allowed us to identify a novel transcriptional factor binding to the GlRE, i. e. the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII).

chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II

COUP-TFII


Input: We have cloned the single-copy gene for the trans-spliceosomal U5 snRNA from the trypanosomatid species Leptomonas seymouri, using U5 RNA affinity selection and cDNA cloning.

trans-spliceosomal U5 snRNA

U5 RNA


Input: The MMPI-A (Butcher et al., 1992), like the older MMPI (Hathaway & McKinley, 1983), distinguishes between anorexia and bulimia.


Input: On the other hand, phosphatidyl inositol 4, 5 bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis requires direct phosphorylation at tyrosine residue of the PLC-gamma1 isozyme.

PLC-gamma1 isozyme


Input: A G22V mutant of M-Ras was constitutively active and its expression in an interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent mast cell/megakaryocyte cell line resulted in increased survival in the absence of IL-3, increased growth in IL-4, and, at high expression levels, in factor-independent growth.

G22V mutant

M-Ras


Input: Mammalian M-Ras and a Caenorhabditis elegans orthologue exhibit conserved structural features, and these are likely to mediate activation of distinctive signaling paths that function in parallel to those downstream of p21 Ras.

Mammalian M-Ras

p21 Ras


Input: Taken together, our data suggest that PecS attenuates pelD and pelE expression rather than acting as a true repressor like KdgR.

PecS

pelD

pelE

KdgR


Input: These observations establish that RsmC negatively regulates rsmB transcription but positively affects RsmA production.

RsmC

rsmB

RsmA


Input: All were experienced hearing aid users who wore linear Class D instruments with input compression limiting at the time of their enrollment in this study.


Input: Ribonuclease protection assays revealed that hmg1 and hmg2 are differentially expressed in a developmentally-and spatially-modulated manner during morphogenesis of specialized terpenoid-containing pigment glands in embryos.


Input: Inactivation of the Neurospora crassa mitochondrial outer membrane protein TOM70 by repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) causes defects in mitochondrial protein import and morphology.

Neurospora crassa mitochondrial outer membrane protein TOM70


Input: Recently, cell-surface TRAIL has been shown to be expressed by activated human and mouse T lymphocytes, raising the possibility that TRAIL might be involved in T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and/or immune regulation.

TRAIL

TRAIL


Input: A panel of pharmacologic inhibitors was used to investigate the signal transduction pathways involved in TRAIL gene induction following T lymphocyte activation.

TRAIL gene


Input: Defective provirus genomes of human T-cell leukemia virus type I are frequently detected in lymphocytes from infected individuals and in infected cell lines.


Input: A total of 174 primer pairs gave interpretable banding patterns, 137 (79%) of which revealed at least two alleles on native polyacrylamide gels.


Input: A population pharmacokinetic study of cyclosporin in organ transplant patients, including elderly allograft recipients up to 75 years of age, did not identify age as a covariable influencing cyclosporin pharmacokinetics.


Input: Immunofluoresence data indicated that once bound to the mutant receptor, fluorescent-labeled RAP co-localized with markers of the endosomal pathway, whereas, in cells expressing the wild-type receptor, RAP fluorescence co-localized with lysosomal markers.

RAP

RAP


Input: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a cytokine produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that causes interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production and enhancement of cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

interferon-gamma

IFN-gamma


Input: IL-12 production was correlated with C3a concentration measured at the outlet of hemodialyzer after 15 min of dialysis (r = 0. 69, P < 0. 01).


Input: In HeLa cells, the JNKK2-JNK1 fusion protein showed significant JNK activity, which was comparable with that of JNK1 activated by many stimuli and activators, including EGF, TNF-alpha, anisomycin, UV irradiation, MEKK1, and small GTP binding proteins Rac1 and Cdc42Hs.

JNK

EGF

TNF-alpha

small GTP binding proteins Rac1


Input: J.


Input: Our results implicate TGF-beta RII as a direct target of EWS-FLI1.

TGF-beta RII

EWS


Input: The reduction in saturated fatty acids intake led to modest (but in group 1 significant) 0. 15 mmol/l (2. 5%) reduction in total serum cholesterol level.


Input: Secondly, an ethanol repression autoregulation (ERA)/twelve-fold TA repeat (TAB) repressor element was identified within the promoter region of the GLK1 gene.

GLK1 gene


Input: A crucial transcription factor in this process is STAT6, which binds to a specific DNA element upon cytokine activation.


Input: CONCLUSIONS: Congenital horizontal tarsal kink is rare and its cause is unknown.


Input: A local, high-density, single-nucleotide polymorphism map used to clone Caenorhabditis elegans cdf-1.

Caenorhabditis elegans cdf-1


Input: This machinery involves a secondary structure, SECIS element, in the selenoprotein-encoding mRNA, directing selenocysteine insertion at the position of an opal (UGA) codon, normally conferring termination of translation.

selenoprotein


Input: High-level expression in Escherichia coli of selenocysteine-containing rat thioredoxin reductase utilizing gene fusions with engineered bacterial-type SECIS elements and co-expression with the selA, selB and selC genes.

rat thioredoxin reductase

selA

selB

selC genes


Input: In Wnt signaling, beta-catenin and plakoglobin transduce signals to the nucleus through interactions with TCF-type transcription factors.

Wnt

beta-catenin

plakoglobin

TCF-type transcription factors


Input: Assembly of a complex between FAK and Src kinases may serve to regulate the subcellular localization and the enzymatic activity of members of the Src family of kinases.

FAK

Src kinases

Src family


Input: Our study also demonstrated significant increases in the number of larger myelinated fibers crossing the repair site in comparison with the neonatal and adult groups (p < 0. 04).


Input: Cortical dysplasias, genetics, and epileptogenesis.


Input: In the work reported here, we used peptide mapping, mass spectrometry, and site-directed mutagenesis to identify two sets of pAP phosphorylation sites.

pAP


Input: Both HERV-K type 1 and 2 clones were isolated.


Input: Duch, and F.


Input: At all time-points, most patients (>/= 87%) were receiving irbesartan/HCTZ alone.


Input: Modification of dopamine D2 receptor activity by pergolide in Parkinson' s disease: an in vivo study by PET.

dopamine D2 receptor


Input: High-affinity binding sites for both GR and AP-1 nucleoproteins were identified at adjacent elements within the nGRE.

GR

AP-1 nucleoproteins


Input: When the 73-bp fragment was fused to an alpha1-globin promoter-CAT construct and cotransfected with CCAAT transcription factor 1 (CTF1)/NF1 into Drosophila Schneider SL2 insect cells (which lack NF1-like proteins) trans-activation of CAT activity was observed.

CAT

CCAAT transcription factor 1

NF1-like proteins

CAT


Input: Western blot analysis showed a rapid corresponding increase in p21WAF1/CIP1 protein, whereas protein levels of another member of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor family, p27kip1, were unchanged.

cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor family


Input: Aggregation of vHnf1-deficient embryonic stem cells with wild-type tetraploid embryos, which contribute exclusively to extraembryonic tissues, rescues periimplantation lethality and allows development to progress to early organogenesis.


Input: nos-1 and nos-2, two genes related to Drosophila nanos, regulate primordial germ cell development and survival in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Drosophila nanos


Input: Although upstream regulators of Tec family kinases are relatively well characterized, little is known of the downstream effectors of these enzymes.

Tec family kinases


Input: Efficient phosphorylation of BRDG1 by Tec required the PH and SH2 domains as well as the kinase domain of the latter.

Tec

PH

SH2 domains


Input: CONCLUSION: These findings imply that eotaxin either is mechanistically involved in acute asthma or serves as a biomarker for activity of the CCR3 receptor ligand system, which is functionally linked to asthma.

CCR3 receptor ligand


Input: The expression analysis of the KlHIS4 gene under phosphate starvation or high adenine supply shows that factors, such as Bas1 or Bas2, involved in the basal control may also operate in a different way in K. lactis.

KlHIS4 gene


Input: These thyroid hormone changes may be mediated in part by cytokines or other inflammatory mediators, acting at the level of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, and the hepatic deiodinase system.

hepatic deiodinase


Input: ESS type 1, with FT3 low and FT4 and TSH normal, is the most frequent form.

TSH


Input: METHODS: We studied 20 symptomatic patients with HOCM (12 men), mean age 52 +/-17 years, before and after septal reduction using echocardiography and electrocardiogram (ECG).


Input: Paleoceanographic data from the Laurentian Fan, used as a proxy for sea surface temperature, reveal that surface slope waters north of the Gulf Stream experienced warming during the Little Ice Age of the 16th to 19th centuries and support the notion of an NAO-driven coupled system.


Input: This effect required (i) IR activation since it was abrogated by IR mutation at tyrosines 1162 and 1163 and (ii) NF-kappaB activation since it was abolished by overexpression of dominant-negative IkappaB-alpha (A32/36) and mimicked by overexpression of the NF-kappaB c-Rel subunit.

IR

IR

NF-kappaB

dominant-negative IkappaB-alpha (A32/36)

NF-kappaB c-Rel subunit


Input: The factor designated B formed a complex centered on the sequence TGTGGT, a core motif recognized by members of the AML/CBFalpha transcription factor family.

AML/CBFalpha transcription factor family


Input: Furthermore, overexpression of AML3/CBFalpha1 could rescue the AML1-ETO repression.

ETO


Input: We examined Akt activation in Lyn-, Syk-and Btk-deficient DT40 cells and B cells from Lyn (-/-) mice.

Akt

Lyn

Syk

Btk

Lyn (-/-)


Input: Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins that contain DEP (disheveled, EGL-10, pleckstrin) and GGL (G protein gamma subunit-like) domains form a subfamily that includes the mammalian RGS proteins RGS6, RGS7, RGS9, and RGS11.

G protein signaling (RGS) proteins

DEP

disheveled

pleckstrin

GGL

G protein gamma subunit-like

mammalian RGS proteins RGS6


Input: Cloning and expression of a specific human alpha 1, 2-mannosidase that trims Man9GlcNAc2 to Man8GlcNAc2 isomer B during N-glycan biosynthesis.

human alpha 1, 2-mannosidase


Input: The ORs of GC, adjusted for age and sex, varied from 17. 1, for those with baseline diagnoses of superficial intestinal metaplasia (IM), to 29. 3, for those with deep IM or mild dysplasia (DYS) or IM with glandular atrophy and neck hyperplasia, to 104. 2, for those with moderate or severe DYS, as compared with subjects with superficial gastritis (SG) or chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) at baseline.


Input: Here we report that Dbp5p and Rat7p interact through their Nterminal domains.


Input: Thus, the nematode genes could be the homologs of Hh molecules in other phyla.

homologs of Hh molecules


Input: A subset of mutations in the Psi synthase domain impairs association of the altered Cbf5p proteins with selected box H/ACA snoRNAs, suggesting that the functional catalytic domain is essential for that interaction.

Psi synthase domain

Cbf5p proteins

H/ACA snoRNAs


Input: The transcription factor CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein 10) is a bZIP protein induced by a variety of stimuli that evoke cellular stress responses and has been shown to arrest cell growth and to promote programmed cell death.

transcription factor CHOP

C/EBP homologous protein 10

bZIP protein


Input: Thus, CHOP not only is a negative or a positive regulator of C/EBP target genes but also, when tethered to AP-1 factors, can activate AP-1 target genes.

CHOP

C/EBP

AP-1 factors


Input: This motif, first described for the Drosophila homeobox activator DEAF-1, identifies an emerging group of metazoan transcriptional modulators.

Drosophila homeobox activator DEAF-1


Input: RNase MRP is a ribonucleoprotein endoribonuclease that has been shown to have roles in both mitochondrial DNA replication and nuclear 5. 8S rRNA processing.

RNase MRP

nuclear 5. 8S rRNA


Input: We have examined the regulation of the FGFR-1 gene (cek-1) in avian myogenic cultures by immunocytochemistry and Northern blot analysis.

FGFR-1 gene


Input: Regulation of avian fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR-1) gene expression during skeletal muscle differentiation.

avian fibroblast growth factor receptor 1


Input: The backbone dynamics of residues located in the folded part of CRP2 (LIM2) R122A have been characterized by proton-detected (15) N NMR spectroscopy.


Input: Rac causes uncapping of actin filaments (F-actin) at the plus-ends, through phosphatidylinositol 4, 5 bisphosphate (PIP2), and eventually induces membrane ruffling.

Rac

actin filaments

F-actin


Input: However, a specific ICE/caspase-1 inhibitor called N1445 completely abolished the CK-induced apoptosis by reactivating PKB, but without affecting the CK-induced suppression of Ras transformation.

ICE

CK

PKB

CK

Ras


Input: OBJECTIVE: Although the preponderance of findings offer support for transient (where is it?) as opposed to sustained (what is it?) deficit, a need remains for specific depiction of the deficit.


Input: The AL-R8 SI: the next generation staging container for plutonium pits at the USDOE Pantex Plant.


Input: One form of the SBEI gene transcript in 12-day old kernels contained the exon I + II + III combination at the 5' end, whereas other forms differed by inclusion of intron 1 or exclusion of exon II sequences.

SBEI gene transcript


Input: In PC, rare MNGCs had intranuclear inclusions and grooves.


Input: 16 percent, P < 0. 001), and sustained normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase levels (41 percent vs.

serum alanine aminotransferase