Input: For sputum interleukin-8 there was an estimated true treatment median difference of 142 pg/ml (95% confidence interval (CI) 8 to 2866 pg/ml) in favour of placebo; while for maximal expiratory flow at 25% (MEF25%) remaining forced vital capacity predicted for sex and height there was a 15 percentage points (pp) (95% CI 4 to 26 pp) mean treatment difference in favour of placebo.

sputum interleukin-8


Input: However, although deletion of Fp1 in the hCRBP1 gene yielded increased CAT activity, pointing toward a negative regulatory function exerted by this element, its insertion upstream of the p12 basal promoter results in an impressive positive stimulation of CAT gene expression.

hCRBP1 gene

CAT

p12 basal promoter

CAT gene


Input: Gaucher' s disease is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by the lack of beta-glucocerebrosidase enzyme.

beta-glucocerebrosidase enzyme


Input: The 9; 22 chromosomal translocation characteristic of CML results in a fused bcr/abl gene and an abnormal fusion protein, p210bcr/abl.

bcr

abl

abl


Input: By analyzing the RanGAP activity of a series of recombinantly expressed rna1p mutant derivatives, we show that the highly acidic sequence in the C-terminal domain of both yeast proteins is indispensable for activating Ran-mediated GTP hydrolysis.

RanGAP

rna1p mutant

Ran


Input: In the absence of MHC class II, purified soluble D10 TCR bound to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin C2 with an association rate of 1. 69 +/-0. 12 x 10 (4) M (-1) sec (-1) and a dissociation rate of 1. 9 +/-0. 47 x 10 (-2) sec (-1), giving a dissociation constant of 1. 1 microM.

MHC class II

purified soluble D10 TCR

Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin C2


Input: Evidence for such peak shifts has been found in the responses of auditory nerve fibers, cochlear microphonics, and the responses of outer hair cells and supporting cells in the cochlea, as well as in basilar membrane vibration measurements, and indirectly, in psychophysical data.


Input: Mnt: Max complexes also efficiently suppress Myc-dependent activation from the same promoter.

Mnt

Max

Myc


Input: Assays of total cholesterol as well as the HDL, HDL2, LDL, triglycerides, endothelin-1, lipoprotein (a), estradiol and FSH were also obtained at baseline before receiving ERT and after 3 months of ERT.

HDL

LDL

lipoprotein (a)

FSH


Input: Six tandem repeats of the P element linked to the SV40 promoter responded to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, while that of other elements did not.

P element

SV40 promoter


Input: The distributed current density J is calculated within the volume defined by the motor unit.


Input: The cleavage dipeptides of C1YVV NIa protease are Q (E)/S (A, G).

C1YVV NIa protease


Input: However, we were unable to identify a p4 molecule.


Input: (iv) The accumulation of cyclin D3 protein in Vero cells infected with an alpha0 deletion mutant was reduced relative to that of cells infected with wild-type virus or a recombinant virus in which the deleted alpha0 sequences were restored.

cyclin D3 protein

alpha0 deletion mutant

alpha0 sequences


Input: We report the preliminary biochemical characterization of the T antigens encoded by three SV40 mutants, 5030, 5031, and 5061, each of which have altered residues within or near the ATP binding pocket.

T antigens


Input: These effects were abrogated by co-expression of kinase-deficient PKC zeta and inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85alpha-p110 by wortmannin, LY294002 and a dominant-negative mutant of p85alpha.

kinase-deficient PKC zeta

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85alpha


Input: Protein phosphatase 2A is a critical regulator of protein kinase C zeta signaling targeted by SV40 small t to promote cell growth and NF-kappaB activation.

Protein phosphatase 2A

protein kinase C zeta

SV40 small t

NF-kappaB


Input: Interestingly, the RXRalphaF318A constitutive activity generated within heterodimers in the presence of BMS614 requires the integrity of both RXR and RAR AF-2 domains.

RXR

RAR


Input: These introns contain only single snoRNA genes and their processing involves exonucleolytic release of the snoRNA from debranched intron lariats.

snoRNA genes


Input: Recent studies have shown that the Src homology-2 (SH2) domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2, associates with the cytoplasmic domain of PECAM-1 as it becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated during platelet aggregation: a process that can be mimicked in part by small synthetic phosphopeptides corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of PECAM-1 encompassing tyrosine residues Tyr-663 or Tyr-686.

Src homology-2

protein-tyrosine phosphatase


Input: Underlying the clustering of these risk variables were three factors.


Input: Supplementation was stopped when pl-ALB reached 2. 0 g/dL.

pl-ALB


Input: Detection of airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis by air filtration and polymerase chain reaction.


Input: These findings show that EBP50 is a physiologically relevant ezrin binding protein.

ezrin binding protein


Input: This family of proteins binds GC-rich motifs widely distributed in gene promoters, resulting in distinct activation or repression of transcriptional activities.


Input: Deletion of the POR2 gene alone had no detectable phenotype, while yeasts with deletions of both the POR1 and POR2 genes were viable and able to grow on glycerol at 30 degrees C, albeit more slowly than delta por1 single mutants.

POR2 gene

POR2 genes

delta por1 single mutants


Input: Furthermore, our novel observation that expression of a highly activated FGFR3 kinase domain is able to morphologically transform fibroblasts suggests that dysregulation of FGFR3 has the potential to play a role in human neoplasia.

FGFR3 kinase domain


Input: Involvement of AP-2 in regulation of the R-FABP gene in the developing chick retina.

R-FABP gene


Input: However, Cbf5p was found to be nucleolar and is highly homologous to the rat nucleolar protein NAP57, which coimmunoprecipitates with Nopp140 and which is postulated to be involved in nucleolar-cytoplasmic shuttling (U.

rat nucleolar protein NAP57


Input: This newly described organism was difficult to identify due to discrepancies between the Vitek and API 20E identification systems.


Input: Ig heavy chain class switching is directed by cytokines inducing transcription from unrearranged CH genes.

Ig heavy chain

CH genes


Input: The available data suggest that the NF kappa B2 nucleoprotein complex may cooperate with DNA-bound STAT6 to achieve IL-4-dependent activation of the human IgE germline gene.

NF kappa B2 nucleoprotein complex

human IgE germline gene


Input: EXERCISE IN THE TERRESTRIAL CHRISTMAS ISLAND RED CRAB GECARCOIDEA NATALIS-ENERGETICS OF LOCOMOTION


Input: THE SCALING OF SONG FREQUENCY IN CICADAS


Input: In this study we have introduced mutations into the corresponding elements of two cox3 promoters and show that while the core element is essential for cox3 promoter activity, upstream element mutations have little or no effect.

cox3 promoters

cox3 promoter


Input: We found that multiple tumor suppressor genes (e. g., p53, DCC, APC, MCC, BRCA1, and WAF1/CIP1) were inactivated at different frequencies via various mechanisms [e. g., loss of heterozygosity (LOH), loss of expression (LOE), mutation, and inactivation by cellular binding protein].

DCC

APC

MCC


Input: The histidine-tagged gene, rpoCHIS, was used to replace the wild-type allele in the chromosome of S. coelicolor and S. lividans.

rpoCHIS


Input: Because the deletion included the TK gene, selection with gancyclovir against cells not having undergone recombination was possible.

TK gene


Input: Lack of controlled prospective studies of sleep electroencephalograms (EEG), and the use of medication, in children with developmental dysphasia, may deny appropriate treatment strategies to children with severe developmental speech and language disorders.


Input: Widening of the abdominal aortic wall on an ultrasound examination was the key to the incidental diagnosis of a clinically unsuspected type B dissection.


Input: Fermentation process after supplementation of nitrate, nitrite, lactic acid bacteria and formic acid


Input: Substrates include the p21 (ras) proteins, nuclear lamins, and a series of retinal proteins.

ras

nuclear lamins


Input: Ovaries of 10 animals per group from 16 studies in CD-1 mice and 1 study each in C3H and C57BL/6 mice were sectioned serially at 6 microm.


Input: The Trx-CT fusion protein was produced less efficiently (20% of total soluble cellular protein).

Trx

CT


Input: A data base homology search revealed that the predicted ER1 amino acid sequence contains three regions of similarity to the rat and human proteins encoded by the metastasis-associated gene, mta1, and two regions of similarity to the Caenorhabditis elegans sequence that is similar to mta1.


Input: The sequenced cDNA predicts a 704-amino acid protein 80% identical to human progelatinase B.

human progelatinase B


Input: The inhibition by cytosolic Ca2 + was caused by a decrease in cooperativity and by a shift in EC50 toward higher InsP3 concentrations.


Input: RESULTS: The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) for all malignant neoplasms was 94 (95% CI 74 to 118).


Input: Sequence analysis of this region revealed three eight-bp repetitive elements, the deletion of which restored wild-type levels of luciferase activity to the-916-bp reporter plasmid.

luciferase


Input: Using 5' RACE and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) methodologies, we cloned these sequences from brain and placenta and found this material to be composed of alternatively spliced exons using a previously reported noncoding exon (1A) and a novel 97-bp noncoding exon (1B).


Input: This is the first study in which mutation screening has been performed for both the EXT1 and EXT2 genes prior to any linkage analysis.

EXT2 genes


Input: Positron emission tomography radioligands for dopamine transporters and studies in human and nonhuman primates.

dopamine transporters


Input: Expression from this element is regulated by a heteromeric protein complex containing ubiquitous (i. e. the E2A-and HEB-encoded proteins) and islet-enriched members of the bHLH family.

HEB-encoded proteins

bHLH family


Input: Thus, the CCAAT box also has tissue-specific characteristics that assist in targeting expression of the alpha-subunit gene to trophoblasts.

alpha-subunit gene


Input: U4/U6 snRNP is one of four essential small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles (U1, U2, U5 and U4/U6) present in the spliceosome.


Input: Hprp3p is a 77 kDa protein, which is homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae splicing factor Prp3p.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae splicing factor Prp3p


Input: The growth-promoting properties of the retroviral v-erbA oncogene, a highly mutated version of the chicken thyroid hormone receptor (TR) alpha, have so far exclusively been linked to dominant repression of the antimitogenic roles of TR and retinoic acid receptors.

retroviral v-erbA oncogene

chicken thyroid hormone receptor (TR) alpha

TR

retinoic acid receptors


Input: We cloned a complete cDNA (2. 9 kb) for HET from an MCF-7 cDNA library.

HET


Input: The most common grade 3 toxicity was neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and parasthesias (observed in < 10% of cycles).


Input: Serum concentrations of E2 and TBOH were measured on d 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 13, 21, 28, 42, 56, 84, 112, and 140 in finishing heifers administered the following treatments: 1) control; 2) MGA,. 5 mg per heifer daily; 3) Revalor-H (140 mg TBA + 14 mg E2); 4) Revalor-H + MGA; 5) Finaplix-H (200 mg TBA); and 6) Finaplix-H + MGA.


Input: Serum E2 concentrations increased numerically two-to threefold from d 56 to 140 in controls fed MGA, compared with controls not fed MGA.


Input: Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)-1 has been characterized as an important growth regulatory and immunomodulatory transcription factor.

Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)-1


Input: The genomic structure of brk consists of 8 exons, whose boundaries are distinct from other non-receptor PTK family members, again indicating a structural and functional divergence.

brk

PTK family


Input: We have previously reported that expression of a tumour derived brk cDNA in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human mammary epithelial cells supports anchorage independent growth, and in the latter potentiates the mitogenic response to epidermal growth factor.

brk cDNA

epidermal growth factor


Input: Anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) titer after vaccination was measured in 83 HIV-positive and 39 HIV-negative men.

Anti-hepatitis A


Input: One skull does not a species make.


Input: Surprisingly, calf thymus CstF contained an additional, novel form of the 64-kDa subunit with a molecular mass of 70 kDa.

calf thymus CstF


Input: Our results favor the possibility that the Drosophila EGF receptor DER/Egfr expressed by the EMA cells functions as a receptor for Vein.

Drosophila EGF receptor DER

Egfr

Vein


Input: PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 807 consecutive patients from the Chilean National Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction we analyzed the resolution of chest pain and ST segment elevation over 50% within the first 90 min, abrupt CK rise within 8 h and T wave inversion in infarct related EKG leads within the first 24 h after thrombolysis.

CK


Input: Because of the operon structure of this organism, traditional methods such as insertional mutagenesis run the risk of introducing polar effects on downstream genes or creating secondary mutations elsewhere in the genome.


Input: It has been proposed that the parCBA operon encodes a plasmid partitioning system (M.

parCBA operon


Input: Furthermore, the insertion of the ColE1 cer site into the RK2 plasmid deleted for the par region failed to stabilize the plasmid in the MC1061K strain, indicating that the multimer resolution activity encoded by parCBA is not by itself responsible for the stabilization activity observed for this operon.

ColE1 cer site

parCBA


Input: To examine the basis for the apparent differences in postsegregational killing between the two E. coli strains, transformation assays were carried out to determine the relative sensitivities of the strains to the ParE toxin protein.

ParE toxin protein


Input: Splice-junction elements and intronic sequences regulate alternative splicing of the Drosophila myosin heavy chain gene transcript.

myosin heavy chain gene


Input: Nucleotide sequence analysis of R has revealed similarities to the R1 plasmid found in some South American maize races with RU cytoplasm, to the M1 plasmid found in one source of Zea luxurians teosinte, to the atp9 mitochondrial gene and its 3' flanking sequence, and also to a region 3' to the orf221 gene.

atp9 mitochondrial gene

orf221 gene


Input: We have measured the kinetics of the recovery of mRNA synthesis in the inducible GAL10 and RNR3 genes after exposure of yeast cells to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

RNR3 genes


Input: Cloning of a human phosphoinositide 3-kinase with a C2 domain that displays reduced sensitivity to the inhibitor wortmannin.

human phosphoinositide 3-kinase


Input: Ea value was calculated as the ratio of the steady-state end-systolic aortic pressure (ESAP) to stroke volume (thermodilution).


Input: Functional analysis of promoter activity of the 5'-flanking region of cyclin D2 suggested that the region-1, 100 to-805 including C/EBP, PEA3, AP2, NF-Y, c-Myc, and Sp1 may have a major positive regulatory activity for expression of cyclin D2.

cyclin D2

C/EBP

NF-Y

c-Myc

cyclin D2


Input: Effect of alcohol on minimal effective nCPAP pressure


Input: In contrast, resensitization of a sequestration-impaired beta2AR mutant (Y326A) was reestablished following the overexpression of either GRK2 or beta-arrestin 1.

beta-arrestin 1


Input: The medium chains of these complexes, mu1 and mu2, have been implicated in two types of interaction: assembly with the beta1 and beta2 chains of the corresponding complexes and recognition of tyrosine-based sorting signals.

beta1 and beta2 chains


Input: Osmotic shock stimulates GLUT4 translocation in 3T3L1 adipocytes by a novel tyrosine kinase pathway.

tyrosine kinase


Input: We also identified Sp1, Sp3, and NGFI-A/Egr-1 as the primary nuclear transcription factors binding to TRE1 which mediate Tax responsiveness.

NGFI-A

Tax


Input: Interestingly, segment nesting differentially increases the copy number of genes encoded by segment W, suggesting that the unusual genomic organization of PDVs may be directly linked to the unique functions of this virus in its obligate mutualistic association with parasitic wasps.


Input: Processivity of DNA synthesis by the mutant holoenzyme containing pcna-79 was unaffected on poly (dA) x oligo (dT) but was dramatically reduced on a natural template with secondary structure.


Input: Alanine substitution mutations in the Zta activation domain which eliminate the ability of Zta to stimulate the D-A complex were examined.

Zta activation domain

Zta

D-A complex


Input: The Scm and ph proteins share a homology domain with 38% identity over a length of 65 amino acids, termed the SPM domain, that is located at their respective C termini.

Scm

ph


Input: It has been previously shown that genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) are subject to position effect variegation when located near yeast telomeres.

RNA polymerase II

RNAP II


Input: Likewise, rad6-delta reduces silencing of the telomere-located RNAP II-transcribed genes URA3 and ADE2.

telomere-located RNAP II-transcribed genes URA3


Input: The amplitude of detrusor contractions at 6, 12, and 24 hours showed no significant difference from that in the controls.


Input: In the predicted transmembrane domain, Casr-rs2 and Casr-rs3 are 95% identical to Casr-rs1.


Input: PET activation studies are performed widely to study human brain function.


Input: F-box proteins are receptors that recruit phosphorylated substrates to the SCF ubiquitin-ligase complex.

F-box proteins

SCF ubiquitin

ligase


Input: In the context of liver allograft shortage, our results suggest that an ELT should not be performed in patients with cardiac failure, more than two OSF, or an APACHE II score higher than 30.


Input: The SH3 domains of Grb2 bound in vitro to specific proline-rich motifs in the HPK1 tail and functioned synergistically to direct the stable binding of Grb2 to HPK1 in transfected Cos1 cells.

SH3 domains


Input: By far-Western analysis and coimmunoprecipitation studies, we demonstrate that ZNF74 interacts, via its zinc finger domain, with the hyperphosphorylated largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (pol IIo) but not with the hypophosphorylated form.

RNA polymerase II

pol IIo


Input: Thus, ZNF74 sublocalization in nuclear domains enriched in pre-mRNA maturating factors, its RNA binding activity, and its direct phosphodependent interaction with the pol IIo, a form of the RNA polymerase functionally associated with pre-mRNA processing, suggest a role for this member of the KRAB multifinger protein family in RNA processing.

pol IIo

RNA polymerase

KRAB multifinger protein family


Input: Ki-ras4BVal-12 transfectant cells expressed 2-fold elevated protein levels of the lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin B but did not up-regulate cathepsin B mRNA expression.

lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin B

cathepsin B mRNA


Input: The cellular rate of anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPGact) generation is determined by the level of a kinetically limiting microsomal activity, HSact conversion activity, which is predominantly composed of the long sought heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase (3-OST) (Shworak, N.

anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycan

HSPGact

heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase


Input: Interestingly, EGF, but not insulin, stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of c-cbl and its association with Crk-II.

EGF

insulin

c-cbl

Crk-II


Input: An end to the lottery.


Input: We previously showed that the N-terminal portion common to various chimeric MLL products, as well as to MLL-LTG9 and MLL-LTG19, localizes in the nuclei, and therefore suggested that it might play an important role in leukemogenesis.

chimeric MLL products


Input: Our results suggest that the pattern of blood supply is relevant to the structural organisation of mature lamellar bone around the implant.


Input: Induction of AtP5CS1 mRNA accumulation in salt-treated seedlings involves an immediate early transcriptional response regulated by ABA signalling that is not inhibited by cycloheximide, but abolished by the deficiency of ABA biosynthesis in the aba1 Arabidopsis mutant.

AtP5CS1 mRNA

aba1 Arabidopsis mutant


Input: It thus appears that MAPK functions in meiotic maturation by preventing unfertilized eggs from proceeding into parthenogenetic development.

MAPK


Input: A positive correlation between serum myoglobin and CA III concentrations (rs = 0. 933, P < 0. 001) was observed in hemodialyzed patients with chronic renal failure.

serum myoglobin

CA III


Input: Furthermore, the over-replication phenotype produced by this mutant p65cdc18 is resistant to increased mitotic cyclin/CDK activity, a known inhibitor of over-replication.

mutant p65cdc18

cyclin

CDK


Input: Rip1p is inessential, associated with nuclear pore complexes, and structurally related to the FG-nucleoporin family of pore proteins.

FG-nucleoporin family


Input: The CNXA domain is similar at the amino acid level to the Escherichia coli moaA gene product, while CNXC is similar to the E. coli moaC product, with both E. coli products encoded by different cistrons.

Escherichia coli moaA gene product

E. coli moaC product


Input: Deletions in each of these regions abolish membrane localization of Tiam1 and membrane ruffling, suggesting that they function cooperatively.


Input: However, besides the kinase catalytic domain and double leucine/isoleucine zippers, there was no significant homology with known proteins.


Input: RNA polymerase II inhibition increased the binding of ARE (AUBP activity) and poly (U)-Sepharose by cytoplasmic hnRNP A1, while nuclear hnRNP A1 binding was unaffected.

RNA polymerase II

cytoplasmic hnRNP A1

nuclear hnRNP A1


Input: Modulation of AUUUA response element binding by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 in human T lymphocytes.

heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1


Input: Histological slides of one biopsy of each patient (formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded) were stained with a Modified Giemsa (MG), the Warthin-Starry (WS), and an immunohistochemical method (IMM) using purified polyclonal H. pylori antiserum (DAKO B471).


Input: Their biosynthesis proceeds via linear precursors that become branched by beta1, 6-GlcNAc transferases (IGnT6, GlcNAc to Gal).

beta1, 6-GlcNAc transferases


Input: These findings indicate that the t (4; 14) (p16. 3; q32) represents a novel, recurrent chromosomal translocation in MM, and suggest that the FGFR3 gene may be the target of this abnormality and thus contribute to tumorigenesis in MM.

FGFR3 gene


Input: In addition, mutation of the Sp1 site also significantly reduced promoter activity.

Sp1 site


Input: Amino acid residues of beta 1', alpha A', alpha B', and the loop containing His539 of the RNase H domain interact with the primer strand of the dsDNA.

RNase H domain


Input: Moreover, in one patient with a sarcoma who underwent a leg-sparing procedure, no sciatic nerve enlargement was seen postoperatively.


Input: The full length cDNA sequence of a Type I transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor has been isolated from the filarial parasitic nematode Brugia pahangi.

Type I transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor


Input: This sequence possessed homology with a methylation-sensitive promoter element, Enh2, present in the LTR of mouse intractisternal A-particles.


Input: Codon optimization for high-level expression of human erythropoietin (EPO) in mammalian cells.

human erythropoietin

EPO


Input: Parodoxical rise in urinary albumin levels after treatment of essential hypertension.

urinary albumin


Input: 20% of total HSL transcripts in human subcutaneous adipocytes.

HSL transcripts


Input: Taken together, our data suggest that Rat7p/Nup159p is anchored within the NPC through its coiled-coil region and adjacent sequences.


Input: In a group of 13 patients with obliterative arteriopathies of the lower limbs the plasma levels of thrombomodulin (TM), betathromboglobulin (beta-TG), D-dimer (DD) and plasminogen activator-inhibitor (pAI-1) were measured, and compared to the values obtained from 10 healthy volunteers.

thrombomodulin

TM

betathromboglobulin

beta-TG

plasminogen activator-inhibitor


Input: These residues, Ile244 at the extracellular end of transmembrane helix 3, and Tyr318 at the COOH-terminal portion of extracellular loop 2, are replaced by Leu and Ile in the PTH-1 receptor, respectively.

PTH-1 receptor


Input: We have now shown that in vivo phosphorylation of 14-3-3 zeta at the CKIalpha site (Thr-233) negatively regulates its binding to c-Raf, and may be important in Raf-mediated signal transduction.

14-3-3 zeta

CKIalpha site (Thr-233)

c-Raf

Raf


Input: Mouse mast cell protease 9, a novel member of the chromosome 14 family of serine proteases that is selectively expressed in uterine mast cells.

Mouse mast cell protease 9

serine proteases


Input: A DNase I-hypersensitive site has also been mapped in the 258-base pair enhancer region.

DNase I-hypersensitive site


Input: Together, our results show that tinman is controlled by an array of discrete enhancer elements that are activated successively by differential genetic inputs, as well as by closely linked activator and repressor binding sites within an early-acting enhancer, which restrict twist activity to specific areas within the twist expression domain.

tinman

twist

twist expression domain


Input: The Fis protein regulates site-specific DNA inversion catalyzed by a family of DNA invertases when bound to a cis-acting recombinational enhancer.

Fis protein

DNA invertases


Input: The cell cycle-regulated transcription factor E2F is also known to bend DNA upon binding.


Input: Our study reveals that the modular structure of the FSH receptor gene generates motifs that allows coupling to different effectors.

FSH receptor


Input: Transcriptional regulation of SUP35 and SUP45 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

SUP45 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae


Input: These studies serve as the basis for the further characterization of the regulatory mechanism of aromatase expression in human breast cancer and ASCs.

aromatase


Input: Xenopus Ran-binding protein 1: molecular interactions and effects on nuclear assembly in Xenopus egg extracts.

Xenopus Ran-binding protein 1


Input: She improved with a combination of benzodiazepines and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine.

acetylcholinesterase


Input: METHODS: Total muscle paralysis was induced under general anesthesia in a group of obese persons (n = 9; body mass index, 32 +/-3 kg [-2]) and in a group of nonobese persons (n = 9; body mas index, 21 +/-2 kg [-2]).


Input: PKA phosphorylated WT1 at Ser-365 and Ser-393 in vitro, as well as at additional sites, and this phosphorylation abolished the DNA-binding activity of WT1 in vitro.

PKA


Input: Our findings provide the first evidence that the function of WT1 can be modulated by its phosphorylation in vivo.


Input: A second aim was to determine whether the decrease in muscle-tendon unit rest length produced by prolonged immobilisation in a shortened position is mediated primarily by adaptations of the muscle or tendon.


Input: The presence of an additional sequence of nucleotides 145-165 from the 3' end of RNA3 enhanced template recognition by RdRp in vitro and accumulation of RNA3 in vivo to wild-type levels.

RdRp


Input: We argue that the primary role of hh in controlling polarity is to cause anterior compartment cells to reverse their interpretation of an underlying symmetric polarization.

hh


Input: The results of this study suggest that NF-kappaB activity may be regulated by its interaction with the cell cycle regulatory protein, E2F-1.

NF-kappaB


Input: The lysozyme FEF site is immediately 5' to a PU.

lysozyme FEF

PU


Input: Osteocalcin (OC) is a matrix calcium-binding protein expressed in osteoblasts and odontoblasts undergoing mineralization.

Osteocalcin

OC

matrix calcium-binding protein


Input: In this study, we examine the effects of Msx2 expression on OC promoter activation (luciferase reporter) by FGF2/FSK and calcitriol in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.

OC promoter

luciferase reporter

FSK


Input: Thus, unlike other proteins reported to inhibit SRF activity, the repressor activity associated with the GC-rich element does not appear to function through direct inhibition of SRF binding.

SRF

SRF


Input: However, one CAK-phosphorylated phosphopeptide comigrates with a Cdc2-phosphorylated phosphopeptide previously shown to be mitosis-specific, suggesting that, in vitro, CAK is able to phosphorylate at least one site that is also phosphorylated in vivo.

CAK

CAK


Input: The pen can heal.


Input: The mHIF-1 alpha structural gene is composed of 15 exons.

mHIF-1 alpha structural gene


Input: However, when a second, upstream IRE-like sequence was evaluated by EMSA, a DNA binding pattern distinct from that seen following exposure to IFN-gamma alone was observed after prolonged stimulation with both IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma.

upstream IRE-like sequence

IFN-gamma

IFN-alpha

IFN-gamma


Input: In Arabidopsis, the induction of a dehydration-responsive gene, rd22, is mediated by abscisic acid (ABA) and requires protein biosynthesis for ABA-dependent gene expression.


Input: A cDNA encoding a MYC-related DNA binding protein was isolated by DNA-ligand binding screening, using the 67-bp region as a probe, and designated rd22BP1.

MYC-related DNA binding protein


Input: Human PDK1 is homologous to the Drosophila protein kinase DSTPK61, which has been implicated in the regulation of sex differentiation, oogenesis and spermatogenesis.

Human PDK1

Drosophila protein kinase DSTPK61


Input: Thus, the synergistic effects of HNF-1beta and the GR on dexamethasone-stimulated promoter activity require that they are bound to the HNF-1 site and the GRE, respectively, and may involve protein-protein interactions between the transcription factors, or between them and the basal transcription machinery or a steroid receptor coactivator.

GR

HNF-1 site

steroid receptor coactivator


Input: Mutational analysis shows that both an AP-1 like sequence (-294/-285, TGAATCATCA) and an A/T-rich myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)-2 like sequence (-310/-298, TTAAAAATAAAAA) in the 33-bp region are necessary for the OP-1 effect.

AP-1 like sequence

myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)-2 like sequence


Input: Unlike most other members of the Bcl-2 family, BAD (Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 associated death promoter), a death enhancer, has no C-terminal transmembrane domain for targeting to the outer mitochondrial membrane and nuclear envelope.

Bcl-2 family

BAD

Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 associated death promoter

death enhancer


Input: An open reading frame of 2862 bp encoding a 954 amino acid protein was identified.


Input: One of these, an AACA motif, has been shown to be a negative regulator in non-seed tissues and has a similarity to the barley gibberellin responsive element recognized by MYB-like DNA binding proteins.

MYB-like DNA binding proteins


Input: Strain CFN037 is an R. etli mutant induced by a single Tn5mob insertion in the promoter region of the thiCOGE gene cluster.

thiCOGE gene cluster


Input: Expression of thiamin biosynthetic genes (thiCOGE) and production of symbiotic terminal oxidase cbb3 in Rhizobium etli.

thiCOGE

symbiotic terminal oxidase cbb3


Input: We have cloned and sequenced a region encoding a lipase operon and a putative, previously uncharacterized metalloprotease of Vibrio cholerae O1.

lipase operon

metalloprotease of Vibrio cholerae O1


Input: Furthermore, the amount of tRNA (3Lys) that was placed onto viral RNA in mutated viruses was significantly less than that placed in the wild-type virus.

tRNA (3Lys)


Input: This protein is present in both HeLa nuclear extracts and S100 extracts but absent from SR protein preparations, suggesting that it is not a classical SR protein.

SR protein

SR protein


Input: Acad.


Input: Chimeras containing IE1 peptides dramatically activated transcription of the basal promoter only when lac operator sequences were present.

IE1 peptides

lac operator sequences


Input: The results of replicase assays performed with mutant VP2 containing a deletion in its RNA-binding domain suggests that the essential role for VP2 in replication is linked to the protein' s ability to bind the mRNA template for minus-strand synthesis.

replicase

mutant VP2


Input: We previously described two alanine cluster mutations, R77 to A (R77A)-K79A and E192A-E194A, which selectively inactivated the triphosphatase component.


Input: Transfection of HepG2 and SK-N-MC cells with constructs deleted of additional 5'-flanking fragments permitted the definition of a minimal 200 bp promoter fragment containing the pseudo-TATA box and two putative SP1-binding sites.

SP1-binding sites


Input: Both inserts are larger than their homologues in eIF-2alpha kinases.

eIF-2alpha kinases


Input: Three monopolar electrodes were inserted into the left and right lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST) and medial vestibulospinal tract (MVST) of the C1 segment, to determine the pathway of axons.


Input: Epitopes of adhesion-perturbing monoclonal antibodies map within a predicted alpha-helical domain of the integrin beta 1 subunit.

integrin beta 1 subunit


Input: Polyhomeotic and Posterior Sex Combs may participate in a more general transcriptional mechanism that causes modulated gene repression, whereas the inclusion of Polycomb protein in the complex at PREs leads to stable silencing.

Polyhomeotic and Posterior Sex Combs

Polycomb protein

PREs


Input: Furthermore, both rhHR23 proteins function in a defined NER system reconstituted with purified proteins, indicating direct involvement of hHR23 proteins in the DNA repair reaction via interaction with XPC.

rhHR23 proteins

hHR23 proteins

XPC


Input: The yeast silent information regulator Sir4p anchors and partitions plasmids.

silent information regulator Sir4p


Input: Polysome analyses in a temperature-sensitive fal1-1 mutant and a Fal1p-depleted strain reveal a decrease in the number of 40S ribosomal subunits.

fal1-1 mutant

40S ribosomal subunits


Input: Sequence analysis identified some of these cDNA clones as Dlc-1, a sequence encoding a small, 9-kDa human homolog of the outer-arm dynein light-chain protein.

9-kDa human homolog of the outer-arm dynein light-chain


Input: Importantly, in HeLa and 293 cells, endogenous and transfected I kappaB alpha coimmunoprecipitated with Myc-tagged or endogenous Dlc-1.

I kappaB alpha

Myc


Input: Identification of dynein heavy chain genes expressed in human and mouse testis: chromosomal localization of an axonemal dynein gene.

dynein heavy chain genes

axonemal dynein gene


Input: The proposed mechanism of effect states that mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the primary hydrolysis product of DEHP, mimics the inducing prostaglandins (PG) PGD (2), 9alpha, 11betaPGF2, and PGF2alpha, and thromboxanes in the lungs, thereby increasing the risk of inducing inflammation in the airways, which is a characteristic of asthma.


Input: We found 14 protein binding sites that were occupied in vivo.


Input: Constitutive protection of E2F recognition sequences in the human thymidine kinase promoter during cell cycle progression.

E2F recognition sequences

human thymidine kinase promoter


Input: Comparison of genomic sequence shows that the ph locus has been duplicated, and that it contains proximal and distal transcription units.

ph locus


Input: Radiation decreased the levels of T4 and T3 6 h and 72 h in group C, in group A at 72 h, in group B at 24 h postexposure.


Input: We have reviewed the experience of a major MMT general practice with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection from 1991 to 1995.


Input: The author analyzes extensive own data based on study into particular features of cardiovascular disorders in chronic renal impairement with making use of modern diagnostic tools.


Input: In this paper, characterization is given of clinical and biochemical features of VH B course against the background of narcomania.


Input: 447 microns for A. microcephalum and 350 microns for A. wedli), and fewer testes per proglottis (44-73 vs.


Input: The ZnF20 cDNA hybridized to multiple transcripts in a thyroid cancer cell line (8. 0, 4. 5 and 2 kb) that increased after cycloheximide treatment and decayed < 2 h after addition of actinomycin D.

ZnF20 cDNA


Input: Glutathione S-transferase (GST)-E2F and GST-DP fusion proteins were found to cooperate in binding to the three E2F sites in the DNA polymerase alpha gene promoter in vitro.

Glutathione S-transferase

GST

GST

DP

E2F sites

DNA polymerase alpha gene promoter


Input: Two sterol regulatory element-like sequences mediate up-regulation of caveolin gene transcription in response to low density lipoprotein free cholesterol.

caveolin gene

low density lipoprotein


Input: Furthermore, DNA-bound LAZ3/BCL6 recruits SMRT in vivo, and both overexpressed proteins completely colocalize in nuclear dots.

SMRT


Input: CONCLUSIONS: We obtained normal EPO levels for mothers and newborns for our area, similarly to the previously described ones.

EPO


Input: Ischaemia was induced by a low flow rate of 0. 8 mL min-1 for 30 min, and was followed by a 40-minute reperfusion.


Input: BACKGROUND: Checkpoint pathways prevent cell-cycle progression in the event of DNA lesions.


Input: Direct proof that the heightened renal cellular apoptosis in PKD is not occurring through p53 was obtained by successive matings between SBM and p53 (-/-) mice.


Input: Accumulated evidence indicates that, upon stimulation with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), three beta-type subunits, designated LMP2, LMP7, and PSMB10, are incorporated into the 20S proteasome by displacing the housekeeping beta-type subunits designated PSMB6, PSMB5, and PSMB7, respectively.

interferon-gamma

IFN-gamma

20S proteasome


Input: The major RNase E cleavage product (denoted pSok-6) is rapidly degraded by polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase).

RNase E

polynucleotide phosphorylase

PNPase


Input: This difference may result from the lower match to the ARG box consensus of the O (rocD) site.

O (rocD) site


Input: Ask AONE' s experts... about productivity indicators.


Input: All pigs had significant regional LV dysfunction and reduced LV ejection fraction (41 +/-11%).


Input: The progress of morphological research on the parabrachial nucleus


Input: The amplitudes of DPOAE also recovered to a greater extent and outer hair cell losses were less severe in the R-PIA-treated ears.


Input: The data provide evidence both for a signal transduction pathway independent of JNK, ERK, and p38 MAP kinase to be involved in the induction of rhoB by genotoxic stress, and furthermore, indicate autoregulation of rhoB.

JNK

ERK

p38 MAP kinase

rhoB

rhoB


Input: In an effort to separate domains of FadR required for DNA binding, dimerization, and ligand binding, chimeric protein fusions between the DNA binding domain of LexA and different regions of FadR were constructed.

FadR

LexA

FadR


Input: Inhibition appears to result from titration of general transcription factors because MDM2 overexpression inhibits c-fos as well as other promoters in vivo and basal transcription in vitro.

c-fos


Input: 4) PU and PD lacked the canonical TATA or CAAT motifs, and are AT-rich.

PU

PD


Input: The mobility shift of both of these proteins is abolished by treatment with inhibitors of PKC or mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase kinase.

PKC

mitogen-activated protein kinase

extracellular signal-related kinase kinase


Input: During the aftermath of excitation of the skin sympathetic nerve by mental arithmetics, 3/12 A delta units were turned to the active state with decreased mechanical threshold.


Input: In a similar fashion to adipose stromal cells, serum potentiated the response to dexamethasone but had no effect on phorbol ester-stimulated activity.


Input: Thus, Hex expression marks the earliest unequivocal molecular anteroposterior asymmetry in the mouse embryo and indicates that the anteroposterior axis of the embryo develops from conversion of a proximodistal asymmetry established in the primitive endoderm lineage.

Hex


Input: CONCLUSIONS: While INR correction may be achieved by all the above methods, that relating log reference INR to log local prothrombin time by linear regression analysis is the simplest to perform.

prothrombin


Input: RESULTS: The overall FNF for 1992 was 12. 3% and was 19. 1%, 22. 2%, 3. 8% and 6. 1% per successive quarters in 1992.


Input: Western blot analysis of various bovine tissues with human NMT peptide antibody indicated a common prominent immunoreactive band with an apparent molecular mass of 48. 5-50 kDa in all tissues.

NMT peptide antibody


Input: Transcription start sites of the plastid ACCase genes were estimated from the longest cDNA clones obtained by 5'-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends).

ACCase genes


Input: AIDS-related disseminated histoplasmosis in San Francisco, California.


Input: Thus, Fis acts as an accessory transcriptional activator at the mar promoter.

Fis

mar promoter


Input: TNF-alpha exposure markedly increased activity of several RNA-binding proteins, especially a novel Mr 50, 000-55, 000 RNA-binding protein.

TNF-alpha


Input: We speculate that the human papillomavirus late mRNAs, produced from several hundred copies of the virus genome present in infected cells, compete with the c-fos mRNAs for destabilizing cellular factors and that this may lead to elevated Fos protein levels in human papillomavirus infected cells.

c-fos mRNAs

Fos protein


Input: Two closely related IgH constant region genes, CHA and CHB, have been sequenced completely.

IgH

CHA

CHB


Input: The aim of this study was to find out whether it was possible to detect normal lymph nodes by high-resolution mediastinal US.


Input: To study the role of heavy chain motifs in substrate recognition, secreted variants of recombinant bovine proenteropeptidase were constructed by replacing the transmembrane domain with a signal peptide.

recombinant bovine proenteropeptidase


Input: CKbeta4GT-II is predicted to encode a type II transmembrane glycoprotein of 43 kDa with five potential N-linked glycosylation sites.

type II transmembrane glycoprotein


Input: PATIENTS AND METHODS: Semen analyses were performed on 58 patients with stages I-III HD before, during, and after chemotherapy and after the sperm count recovered from the effects of abdominal radiotherapy that was given after chemotherapy.


Input: Thus, the absence of residual infarct-zone viability discriminates patients who develop progressive left ventricular dilation after reperfused AMI from those who maintain normal left ventricular geometry.


Input: With a BMI cutoff of 27, mean cardiac NE spillover was 46% lower in the obese subjects when compared with the lean subjects (P =. 017).


Input: The gene (ApxII) encoding both chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes was isolated and the organization of the gene was determined.

ApxII

chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes


Input: This emphasizes the conclusion that CDF-1 is not an E2F family member and points to profound differences in the cell cycle regulation of CDF-1 and E2F.

E2F family member


Input: The proofreading domain of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and other DNA and/or RNA exonuclease domains.

Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I

DNA and/or RNA exonuclease domains


Input: Responsibility matters--this is a scientific council


Input: Sequences required for interaction of mu2 and CTLA-4 were localized to residues, 161TTGVY in CTLA-4; this sequence is N-terminal to, but overlaps with, a previously identified SH2 binding motif, 165YVKM, involved in CTLA-4 signaling.

SH2 binding motif


Input: Here, we report that a transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line expressing a murine CD4 fragment containing the first two N-terminal domains secretes both monomeric molecules and disulfide-linked multimers.

murine CD4 fragment


Input: Coexpression of mouse PKR (1-515) WT as a Gal4 DNA-binding domain fusion with either the catalytic-deficient human PKR (1-551) K296R mutant, the RNA-binding-deficient human PKR (1-551) K64E/K296R double mutant, or wild-type mouse PKR (1-515) WT as full-length PKR-Gal4 activation domain fusions resulted in activation of the HIS3 and lacZ reporters.

PKR (1-515) WT

PKR (1-551)

PKR (1-551) K64E/K296R

PKR (1-515) WT

PKR

lacZ


Input: Using GST-PKR fusion chromatography, direct physical interaction between the mouse and human PKR homologs was established.

GST

PKR

human PKR homologs


Input: An even greater inflammatory response was observed after intratracheal instillation of ufCB, but not after CB instillation.


Input: Interestingly, the avirulent strain H37Ra showed weak hybridization with these two probes, suggesting that these genes might have been deleted in the avirulent strain or are present in limited copy numbers as opposed to those in the virulent strain H37Rv.


Input: These defects no doubt impair the folding and configuration necessary for normal processing of the AVP gene precursor.

AVP gene precursor


Input: Similarities between the hIGFBP-1 and phosphoenolpyruvate kinase (PEPCK) promoters, including regions conferring insulin, glucocorticoid, and cyclic adenosine-monophosphate responses, are consistent with our previous hypothesis that IGFBP-1 is involved in regulation of glucose metabolism.

phosphoenolpyruvate kinase

PEPCK

insulin


Input: This binary repeat contains repetitive DNA elements that include LINES, SINES, medium reiteration frequency repeats, and a transposon-like element.


Input: At 60 days the amount of gangliosides was on average lower in females than in males, even if with some exception.


Input: Large genomic constructs integrate at the endogenous locus by homologous recombination, but cDNA-derived sequences lacking long stretches of contiguous genomic DNA (due to intron excision) typically integrate into chromosomal DNA by nonhomologous recombination.


Input: During the conditioning procedure, the C-fiber reflex was facilitated (wind-up) in a stimulus-dependent fashion in intact, anesthetized animals during the application of the first seven conditioning stimuli; thereafter, the magnitude of the responses reached a plateau and then decreased.


Input: As a sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor, p53 specifically binds to a 20-bp consensus motif 5'-PuPuPuC (A/T) (T/A) GPyPyPyPuPuPuC (A/T) (T/A) GPyPyPy-3'.


Input: Upon UV damage, Crb2 is transiently modified, probably phosphorylated, with a similar timing of phosphorylation in Chk1 kinase, which is reported to restrain Cdc2 activation.

Chk1 kinase


Input: Moreover, moderate overexpression of Chk1 suppresses the phenotypes of cut5 and crb2 mutants.

crb2 mutants


Input: Tcn1p/Crz1p, a calcineurin-dependent transcription factor that differentially regulates gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Input: Structure and localization of the human gene encoding SR-BI/CLA-1.

SR-BI


Input: We introduced the gel technique as a routine assay for antibody detection and identification in 1993.


Input: Stability of pyrimethamine in a liquid dosage formulation stored for three months.


Input: Multiple regression analyses revealed that WAIS-R factor scores Verbal Comprehension and Freedom from Distractibility accounted for up to 42% of the variance in WMS-R and CVLT indices.


Input: Bilateral basal arteries were measured by the transtemporal approach with a 2 MHz pulsed Doppler instrument (TC-2 64B EME).


Input: At the genomic level, the sequences of two members of this family are known in the rat Rattus norvegicus: the VCSA1 gene, encoding the prohormone-like polypeptide SMR1, and the VCSB1 gene, encoding a salivary Pro-rich polypeptide.

VCSA1 gene

prohormone-like polypeptide SMR1

VCSB1 gene


Input: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD30 gene, a homologue of Escherichia coli dinB and umuC, is DNA damage inducible and functions in a novel error-free postreplication repair mechanism.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD30 gene

homologue of Escherichia coli dinB

umuC


Input: However, in a new experiment in which the deletion task was presented as a puppet game, and with pretraining and selection on vowel deletion, a significantly higher level of success was achieved by the children working with the CVCC material.


Input: Diet therapy with soy proteins for chronic stomach ulcers


Input: In ICU patients, the LIS related to the postoperative rise in IL-6 level only, even though the rise in plasma concentrations of cytokines interrelated.


Input: Resistance training shifts the power curve in a positive direction when the measurements are determined with absolute loads, but the increased power may not be transferred to an absolute performance task like the SSP.


Input: Gel-shift assays identified two Sp1 binding sites within this element.

Sp1 binding sites


Input: Gel mobility shift and super-shift assays using liver nuclear extracts from either rat liver or DDT1MF-2 cells demonstrated that the CRE in the alpha 1B-AR gene bound CRE binding protein.

alpha 1B-AR gene

CRE binding protein


Input: These results suggest that, in this experimental model, ACE inhibitors limit the arrhythmias following ischemia-reperfusion and free radical scavenging action of these drugs does not have a major contributory role in their protective effect.

ACE


Input: The murine Htf9-a/RanBP1 and Htf9-c genes are divergently transcribed from a shared TATA-less promoter.

Htf9-c genes


Input: In accordance with clinical improvement we found a decrease of laboratory indicators of inflammation (C-reactive protein, alpha 2-globuline, prostaglandin E2).

C-reactive protein

alpha 2-globuline


Input: We have previously reported that depletion of protein kinase C by long-term treatment of B16 mouse melanoma cells with phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) prevented cell density-dependent melanogenesis.

protein kinase C


Input: Replacement of residues in positions + 3 (His128Asn) and + 2 (Gln155Lys) of the reading helices of fingers 2 and 3, respectively, prevented binding.


Input: Two disulphide bridges, which are conserved in all spermadhesin molecules and many CUB domains, crosslink loop LA and strand beta 4 and loops LE and LG, respectively, at opposite edges of the same face of the domain.


Input: Mg-chelatase of tobacco: identification of a Chl D cDNA sequence encoding a third subunit, analysis of the interaction of the three subunits with the yeast two-hybrid system, and reconstitution of the enzyme activity by co-expression of recombinant CHL D, CHL H and CHL I.

Mg-chelatase

Chl D cDNA sequence

recombinant CHL D

CHL H

CHL I


Input: One R-EST and one Pto-like sequence each mapped to two locations.

Pto-like sequence


Input: The multidomain structure includes a cysteine-rich motif resembling those of protein kinase C and n-chimaerin and a putative pleckstrin homology domain.

protein kinase C

n-chimaerin

pleckstrin homology domain


Input: 271: 31290-31295, 1996).


Input: Nevertheless, antibodies directed against an epitope-tagged version of Prp42p specifically precipitate U1 snRNA from yeast extracts.

U1 snRNA


Input: These results indicate that in addition to Grb2-mediated activation of Ras, PLC-gamma1-mediated DAG production is required for EGF-and PDGF-induced S-phase entry and gene expression, possibly through activation of PKC.

Ras

EGF

PDGF

PKC


Input: In this study, we investigated STAT activation in a panel of rodent fibroblast cell lines stably transformed by diverse viral oncoproteins.

STAT


Input: In serum-stimulated cells, the binding of NF-Y/CBF to TKC1 increased gradually, reaching a plateau at the S phase.

NF-Y

CBF


Input: CONCLUSION: In our animal model, blood-brain barrier disruption was a reproducible, integral finding of single-fraction, high-dose irradiation injury.


Input: To facilitate the investigation of parameters that govern selective export in adenovirus-infected cells, we constructed a marked human beta-actin minigene under the control of the glucocorticoid-inducible enhancer-promoter of mouse mammary tumor virus and introduced it into the left end of the adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) genome.

beta-actin minigene

glucocorticoid-inducible enhancer-promoter


Input: Cell factor-mediated regulatory interactions are involved in regulating the restricted expression of the HCMV major immediate-early (IE) gene (J.

HCMV major immediate-early (IE) gene


Input: MpB GroEL has extensive sequence similarity (92%) with Escherichia coli GroEL and other members of the chaperonin-60 family.

MpB GroEL

Escherichia coli GroEL

chaperonin-60 family


Input: The critical mutations were likely to have been multiple and dispersed, including elongation of the TM and Nef coding sequences; changes in RNA splice donor and acceptor sites, TATA box sites, and Sp1 sites; multiple changes in the V2 region of SU, including a consensus neutralization epitope; and five new N-linked glycosylation sites in SU.

Nef coding sequences

Sp1 sites

SU

SU


Input: C.


Input: These are the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter, which regulates expression of the viral structural proteins, and a second internal promoter, located towards the 3' end of the env gene, that directs expression of the viral auxiliary proteins.

env gene


Input: The 5' end of the genomic RNA of rubella virus (RUB) contains a 14-nucleotide (nt) single-stranded leader (ss-leader) followed by a stem-and-loop structure [5' (+) SL] (nt 15 to 65), the complement of which at the 3' end of the minus-strand RNA [3' (-) SL] has been proposed to function as a promoter for synthesis of genomic plus strands.


Input: To investigate the requirements for CBF2 binding, we synthesized a series of oligonucleotides carrying double transversion mutations spanning both the conserved core sequence and outside flanking sequences.


Input: In addition, the affinities of CBF2 for binding to the LMP-1, LMP-2, and CD23 promoters were also measured.

CD23 promoters


Input: CONCLUSIONS: The myocardial uptake of 99mTc sestamibi in normal subjects and patients with coronary artery disease is comparable after exercise, dipyridamole, and adenosine stress.


Input: The SR protein family is involved in constitutive and regulated pre-mRNA splicing and has been found to be evolutionarily conserved in metazoan organisms.

SR protein family


Input: To investigate the activity of TCF11 through this selected site, both alone and in the presence of MafG, we have used a transient transfection assay.

MafG


Input: These and other comparisons suggest that, during evolution, both the RNA-polymerase specificity of telomerase RNA-gene promoters and, more recently, the position of the template sequence in the telomerase RNA changed.

RNA-polymerase

telomerase RNA-gene promoters

telomerase RNA


Input: Deadenylation and decay of beta-globin mRNA in K562 cells is extraordinarily slow compared with NIH 3T3 cells, suggesting that the increased stability gained by beta-globin mRNA in K562 cells is mainly controlled at the deadenylation step.

beta-globin mRNA

beta-globin mRNA


Input: Holliday junction resolvase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe has identical endonuclease activity to the CCE1 homologue YDC2.

Holliday junction resolvase


Input: Ca2 +/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates ion channels, metabolic enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, and possibly transcription factors.

Ca2 +/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II

CaMK II

serine/threonine protein kinase


Input: A cAMP-responsive element-like (CRE-like, TGACGTGA) promoter sequence and a protein kinase A signaling pathway are involved in this induction, and activation of both CRE binding protein (CREB) and activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) is required in the above process.

protein kinase A

CRE binding protein

CREB

activating transcription factor-2


Input: IVOX was named as an acronym for intravascular oxygenator.


Input: Histopathologically, a cystic lymphangioma was diagnosed because of the morphological features and the immunohistochemical stainings of CD34 and Factor VIII related antigen which were observed positive reactions in endothelial cells of the cysts.

Factor VIII related antigen


Input: Protease activities in cultures of the streptococcal strains were associated with species of different molecular masses ranging from 130 to 200 kDa, suggesting posttranslational processing possibly as a result of autoproteolysis at post-proline peptide bonds in the N-terminal parts of the molecules.


Input: The mechanism underlying such analgesia has been suggested to involve the interaction between the two separate but interconnected motivational systems " defense " and " pain. " To determine the developmental course of defense and nociception, these processes were analyzed during early ontogeny in rats.


Input: Three large field placement errors (two patients with 11. 5 and 16. 0 mm distances of the planned versus simulated isocenter, respectively and one patient with a 7 degree rotational error) were detected and, as with the smaller errors, were immediately corrected.


Input: In addition, a catalytically inactive version of the Src family member, Lck (lymphoid cell kinase), was expressed, purified, and evaluated as a Csk substrate.

Src family

Lck

lymphoid cell kinase

Csk


Input: A., Swift, A.


Input: Neuronal mechanisms underlying stimulus-response (S-R) associations in S-R compatibility tasks were identified in 2 experiments with monkeys.


Input: The c-myc/TGF-alpha HCCs were also characterized by a particularly strong expression of TGF-alpha and very low apoptotic index in contrast to high levels of apoptosis in peritumorous tissues and c-myc HCCs.

c-myc

TGF-alpha

TGF-alpha

c-myc


Input: Taken together, our data suggest that the antagonistic effects of CRP and KdgR on the expression of the pectinolysis genes occur by different mechanisms, including direct competition between the two regulators or between the repressor and RNA polymerase for the occupation of a common DNA region on the target genes.

CRP

KdgR

pectinolysis genes

RNA polymerase


Input: The well-known Rel/NF-kappaB family of vertebrate transcription factors comprises a number of structurally related, interacting proteins that bind DNA as dimers and whose activity is regulated by subcellular location.

Rel

NF-kappaB


Input: The cglIM gene is organized in an unusual operon which contains, in addition, two genes encoding stress-sensitive restriction enzymes.

cglIM gene


Input: The purpose of this investigation was to describe a new formulation of silver sulfadiazine in a water soluble gel, poloxamer 188.


Input: The study goals were to isolate a full-length clone encoding CO-Ag from a bovine corneal cDNA library and to express this clone in Escherichia coli (E. coli).

CO-Ag


Input: The gene contains six exons separated by 1. 1-5. 8 kb introns and has been localized to the murine chromosome 2 by linkage analysis.


Input: In Xenopus embryos, the engineered PDGF receptor protein induced the formation of mesoderm from animal-pole explants in an FK1012-dependent manner.

engineered PDGF receptor protein


Input: A cytosolic variant of the protein underwent efficient transphosphorylation, yet failed to activate appreciably either p70 (S6k) or MAP kinase following treatment with FK1012.

MAP kinase


Input: Small-molecule control of insulin and PDGF receptor signaling and the role of membrane attachment.

insulin

PDGF receptor


Input: Conversely, the inactive dAK subunit is progressively activated by 1) association with a dGK or dCK subunit and 2) the conformationally driven heterotropic affect of dGuo or dCyd bound to the opposing subunit.

dAK subunit

dGK

dCK subunit

dGuo

dCyd


Input: CONCLUSIONS: A 50-mg daily dose of bicalutamide is sufficient when given in combination with an agent, such as a LHRH-A, that lowers serum testosterone, but higher doses of bicalutamide may be needed when the drug is given as monotherapy.

LHRH


Input: A genomic clone was isolated that contained 12. 5 kb of the 5'-flanking region and the first exon of the p69/71 2-5A synthetase gene.

p69/71 2-5A synthetase gene


Input: Although the gene is substantially smaller than the human genes for other mitochondrial enzymes, its intron/exon organization is very similar, especially to that of P450scc.


Input: RESULTS: Looking at the question of its benefits, we were unable to find any methodologically sound studies that have shown efficacy for EMDR in eating disorders, or, indeed, any psychiatric disorder.


Input: Transient overexpression of mutant EphB1 receptors (Y594F) blocked Nck recruitment to EphB1, attenuated downstream JNK activation, and blocked cell attachment responses.

mutant EphB1 receptors

Nck

JNK


Input: S., and Walter, P.


Input: Here we demonstrate that Hh and Patched (Ptc) act through those Ci binding sites to modulate the level of Ci-dependent transcriptional activation in S2 cells.

Hh

Patched

Ptc

Ci

Ci


Input: Furthermore the median increase in cyclosporine DR/C (SS trough) was 18 l h-1 (-3. 1 to 42. 1 l h-1, interquartile range).


Input: Patients and their relatives must be informed about the available effective treatment possibilities and about the right moment for their application in an individual patient.


Input: Several PTPases were expressed abundantly in the 5-FU-treated bone marrow stem cells.

PTPases


Input: Expression of PTPRO was also observed in human CD34 + bone marrow cells and 5-FU-treated murine primitive stem cells.

PTPRO

human CD34 +


Input: The organization of SPP1 genes involved in the replication, DNA packaging and phage assembly proteins resembles the organization of genes of equivalent regions of different E. coli double-stranded DNA phages.

SPP1 genes


Input: Our results showed that compared to the primary photon fluence, the extra-focal photon fluence from the primary collimator and the flattening filter was 11%-16% at the isocenter, among which 70% was contributed by the flattening filter.


Input: The functional mature domain of pediocin AcH (Lys + 1 to Cys + 44) is targeted into the E. coli sec machinery and secreted to the periplasm in active form when fused in frame to the COOH terminus of the secretory protein maltose-binding protein (MBP).

pediocin AcH (Lys + 1 to Cys + 44)

secretory protein maltose-binding protein

MBP


Input: Isomers were differentiated based on the MS-MS data of the trofluoroacetyl-biphenylol derivatives.


Input: Clinical value of the estimation of growth kinetics of primary ovarian cancer recurrences by CA125 doubling time


Input: This review seeks to summarize the disease, to propose pathways of carcinogenesis and to suggest ways in which the " traditional " risk factors may be interpreted on the basis of evolving knowledge.


Input: The patient underwent two intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles with thawed epididymal spermatozoa, in which, due to a pharmacist' s mistake, ovarian stimulation was carried out by a combination of long-acting gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (leuprolide depot) and gonadotrophins.

gonadotrophin-releasing hormone

gonadotrophins


Input: Perhaps in addition to, or as part of, its essential function in late mitosis, MOB1 is required for a cell cycle reset function necessary for the initiation of the spindle pole body duplication.


Input: In contrast, overproduction of Der3p is lethal in a sec61-2 strain at the permissive temperature of 25 degrees C.


Input: Normal baseline (day-8) PC levels (86 and 89%) were markedly reduced in both patients at the time of VOD manifestation on day 20 and 40, respectively (26 and 31%).


Input: To examine the role of this CE2 element in regulating Hoxa1 expression in vivo, transgenic mice were generated which express a Hoxa1 beta-galactosidase reporter gene that contains a mutation in the CE2 element.

Hoxa1 beta-galactosidase


Input: An evolutionary conserved element is essential for somite and adjacent mesenchymal expression of the Hoxa1 gene.

Hoxa1 gene


Input: RESULTS: The bovine cDNA insert sequence was 273 nucleotides in length for the entire mRNA coding region, 212 nucleotides in the 5' untranslated region, 83 nucleotides in the 3' untranslated region and a poly (A) tail.


Input: Altogether 46 phase III activities were recorded.


Input: We have previously identified a liver-enriched transcription factor, HNF-6, which is required for HNF-3 beta promoter activity and also recognizes the regulatory region of numerous hepatocyte-specific genes.

HNF-3 beta promoter


Input: A cDNA clone was identified encoding a second GHS-R-related gene (GPR39).

GHS-R-related gene


Input: (1997) Science 275, 1927-1930).


Input: P., Peyron, J.


Input: A hybridoma clone (7H1) resulting from the fusion between CEMLAI/NP and human embryonic fibroblasts MRC5 cells produced very large amounts of P47 that was purified using Jacalin lectin (specific for O-glycans) and microsequenced.

Jacalin lectin


Input: This information, together with estimation of the size of the deglycosylated A subunit relative to a series of C-terminal truncated TSHR ectodomain variants, places cleavage Site 1 in the vicinity of, or closely upstream to, residue 317.

C-terminal truncated TSHR ectodomain variants


Input: In vitro DNase I footprinting of the 200-bp proximal region of the promoter with a murine Hepa 1-6 cell nuclear extract revealed a clear footprint of a region corresponding to-80 to-28 bp of the murine fVII gene, suggesting that liver factors interact with this region of the DNA.

DNase I

murine fVII gene


Input: Both increasing basal FSH and age were associated significantly with increased total gonadotrophin dose, and reduced number of oocytes collected and pregnancy rate.

FSH

gonadotrophin


Input: A comparative study was undertaken between an enzymatic immunohistochemical technique (EIT) developed for the diagnosis of human trichinellosis and the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF), analysing sera from outbreaks of human trichinellosis in Argentina.


Input: Our results establish GKLF as a sequence-specific transcription factor likely involved in regulation of expression of endogenous genes.

GKLF


Input: CES4 on a multicopy plasmid was unable to suppress tif1-A79V.


Input: Here we report that in cultured cells from Drosophila melanogaster human Sp1 efficiently activates transcription from synthetic promoters containing TATA boxes, but not from promoters that contain an initiator instead of a TATA box.

human Sp1


Input: No apparent clinical signs indicative of systemic toxicity were observed in the F0 and F1 animals of either sex.


Input: In an effort to identify the USH1C disease gene we have isolated the region between these markers in yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) using a combination of STS content mapping and Alu-PCR hybridization.

USH1C disease gene

Alu


Input: PowerBLAST analysis identified six clusters of expressed sequence tags (ESTs), two known genes (BIR, SUR1) mapped previously to this region, and a previously characterized but unmapped gene NEFA (DNA binding/EF hand/acidic amino-acid-rich).

BIR

gene NEFA

DNA binding/EF hand/acidic amino-acid-rich


Input: A fusion protein composed of beta-galactosidase and full-length Ahr translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in a ligand-dependent manner.

beta-galactosidase

full-length Ahr


Input: Reconstitution of Raf-1 activity was observed only with kinase active Jak1 in both cell lines.


Input: In addition, negatively regulatory region may exist from-1782 to-1295 bp.


Input: The hypothesis of Geisler (Brain Res.


Input: The second transcript, rhis4l, is bicistronic.


Input: Consistent with this interpretation, a mutant form of XRN1, which encodes a 5'-3' exonuclease, was identified as an extragenic suppressor that increases the half-life of rhis4 mRNA, leading to a 10-fold increase in steady-state mRNA levels compared to the wild-type HIS4 mRNA level.

rhis4 mRNA

wild-type HIS4 mRNA


Input: Sip1 was initially identified by virtue of its interaction with SC35, a splicing factor of the SR family.

SR family


Input: Such mutations are thought to exert their dominant phenotype by sequestration of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GNEF).

guanine nucleotide exchange factor

GNEF


Input: Several studies have characterized the upstream regulatory region of c-fos, and identified cis-acting elements termed the cyclic AMP (cAMP) response elements (CREs) that are critical for c-fos transcription in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli.

c-fos

c-fos


Input: We have cloned a kinase, Nlk, that is a murine homolog of the Drosophila nemo (nmo) gene.

Nlk

murine homolog of the Drosophila nemo

nmo


Input: Our findings suggest that striatal FDG and particularly RACLO are sensitive and effective measures of striatal function and may help characterizing patients with multiple system atrophy.


Input: Childhood misbehavior and the risk of injecting drug use.


Input: Genetic analysis has subsequently identified subpathways of the DNA structure checkpoints, including the reversible arrest of DNA synthesis.


Input: Thus, Esigma54 promoters are responsive to CRP, a protein unrelated to sigma54 activators, and the repression exerted is the direct result of an interaction between Esigma54 and the CRP-cAMP complex.

Esigma54 promoters

CRP

sigma54 activators

CRP-cAMP complex


Input: GlcNAc-and GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol biosynthesis could be shown with isolated S. cerevisiae membranes from cells harboring the recombinant plasmid and grown on glucose thus suppressing transcription of the endogenous gene.


Input: Antibodies raised against GST mSH2-B identified a cellular protein of 92 kDa that was not found to be phosphorylated on Tyr.

GST mSH2-B


Input: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine, which is involved in inflammatory and immune responses, acute phase reactions, and hematopoiesis.


Input: Upon analysis of various deletion and point-mutated variants of the human IL-6 gene promoter coupled to a reporter gene, we screened for possible cooperating transcription factors.

human IL-6 gene promoter


Input: This region, however, contains a CCAATC box in the reverse complement and several GC boxes that are recognition sites for SP1.


Input: Our purpose was to determine if intact perianal (S4-5) pin sensation (PPS) and bulbocavernosus (S2-4) reflex (BCR) shortly after spinal cord injury (SCI) are predictive of bladder function recovery.


Input: The correct termination of retroviral transcripts at the 3' LTR R/U5 junction is primarily dependent on the canonical AAUAAA polyadenylation signal, so we have analyzed the effect of mutating the polyadenylation signal sequences on the properties of a selectable murine retroviral vector.


Input: ALT levels in responders were lowered by 46% and AST levels were lowered by 35% after 12 weeks of vitamin E treatment.

ALT

AST


Input: 51. 9% (P = 0. 0006) in the MMF versus the AZA groups, respectively.


Input: Our study was designed to investigate the effect of MMF on in vivo bone mineral metabolism.


Input: Pao2 increased from 15. 5 +/-5. 6 kPa (116 +/-42 mm Hg) to 17. 3 +/-6. 3 kPa (130 +/-47 mm Hg) (P < 0. 05).


Input: Typical configurations of psychosocial stress factors of psychiatrically conspicuous children and adolescents


Input: Nine cats received PMEA at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight, nine cats received FPMPA at a dosage of 25 mg/kg body weight.


Input: Resistance to thyroid hormone: implications for neurodevelopmental research on the effects of thyroid hormone disruptors.


Input: We present the preliminary results obtained on 36 patients which were followed for a mean period of 12 months.


Input: Moreover, xTAK1KN could block the expression of ventral mesoderm marker genes induced by Smad1 or 5.

Smad1 or 5


Input: The assay exhibits a dynamic range of 0. 1-100 micrograms l-1 using a monoclonal antibody or alternatively 10 micrograms l-1 to 10 mg l-1 using commercially available antiserum.


Input: A canonical TATA box was not detected.


Input: Expression and characterization of recombinant single-chain Fv and Fv fragments derived from a set of catalytic antibodies.

recombinant single-chain Fv

Fv fragments


Input: A putative inhibitor (s) appears to co-elute in the inactive fraction that blocked the L (alpha) activity.

L (alpha)


Input: Platelet aggregation in response to 10 micrograms collagen/ml was decreased in parallel after treatment with ASA.

collagen


Input: Using himA mutants, we confirmed that IHF plays a role in the molybdate-dependent regulation of dmsA-lacZ expression in vivo.

himA mutants

IHF

dmsA

lacZ


Input: Cross-talking among Drosophila nuclear receptors at the promiscuous response element of the ng-1 and ng-2 intermolt genes.

ng-2 intermolt genes


Input: The ipsilateral breast tumor relapse rate was similar between the PALP and MGDET groups.


Input: Sibling aggregation of low-and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoproteins B and A-I levels in black and white children: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

low-and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

apolipoproteins B and A-I


Input: The CAPLC1 protein also exhibited several unique features, including a novel stretch of 18-19 amino acid residues within the X domain and an unusually long N-terminus which did not contain a recognizable EF-hand Ca (2 +)-binding domain.

CAPLC1 protein


Input: This hypothesis is consistent with the occurrence of PEA3 binding sites in the PEA3 promoter and with the ability of PEA3 to transactivate this promoter.

PEA3 binding sites

PEA3 promoter


Input: Pet-1 can bind specifically to a PEA3 ETS DNA-binding motif and can modulate transcription of synthetic promoter constructs in a sequence-specific manner.

PEA3 ETS


Input: The protein expressed by F2771 cDNA in transfected COS cells is localized in the cytoplasm.

F2771 cDNA


Input: Northern analysis indicated differential expression by tissue with highest expression in the heart.


Input: As well, further deletion of the promoter region to nucleotide-110, which contains only one SF-1 binding site, still retained the ability to respond to exogenous SF-1.

SF-1 binding site


Input: The observation that beta 2m with covalently attached peptide can effectively create CTL target structures in vitro offers new possibilities for the in vivo induction of epitope-specific CTL responses by either DNA immunization or injection of the purified epitope-linked beta 2m.

beta 2m

beta 2m


Input: The mRNAs of these genes contain respectively one (YAP1 uORF) and two (YAP2 uORF1 and uORF2) upstream open reading frames. uORF-mediated modulation of post-termination events on the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) directs differential control not only of translation but also of mRNA decay.

YAP1 uORF

YAP2 uORF1


Input: To further investigate the nature of the site specificity a set of deletion mutants of the 160 bp sequence were analysed.


Input: In the tissues tested, except brain, the message for CLIP-170 was more abundant than that for Restin.

Restin


Input: BACKGROUND: Chemicals vary considerably in their intrinsic ability to cause allergic contact dermatitis.


Input: Also, the deduced amino acids of the antigenic regions A, B and C of VP7 were nearly conserved within the phylogenetic lineages.

antigenic regions A, B and C of VP7


Input: The cloned alcR gene provided in trans restored these siderophore system activities to the mutants.

alcR gene


Input: The cloned alcR gene provided in trans restored these siderophore system activities to the mutants.

alcR gene


Input: Copyright 1998 Academic Press.


Input: It may also be suggested that particular care should be taken when such a trans-dominant Rev mutant is considered to be used as a genetic therapy against HIV-I infection, in individuals infected with both HIV-I and HTLV-1.

Rev mutant


Input: PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1992 and June 1994 at St.


Input: The frequency of SPs for both the moderate and severe groups was significantly higher than that in patients with a normal MMFCV (p <. 01); of 154 arms with a normal MMFCV, only 9 (6%) had an SP.


Input: We analyzed the P-SAECG in the time and frequency domain in 23 patients with Paf and 19 controls.


Input: Competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and HPLC analysis showed that RUSH-1alpha is the progesterone-dependent splice variant.


Input: TOR2 is part of two related signaling pathways coordinating cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Input: Transcervical amnioinfusion.


Input: SETTING: A division of a large tea plantation in Kandy.


Input: Simple models of bimolecular interaction did not fully account for the kinetic profiles obtained with the parental antibodies and the hybrids, and this complexity suggested the existence of a conformational heterogeneity in these molecules.


Input: In order to decipher the pathway that leads to Hox gene induction, we have investigated whether a Hox gene regulator, the leucine zipper transcription factor MafB/Kr, is itself transcriptionally regulated by the environmental signals.

Hox gene

Hox gene

MafB

Kr


Input: Reporter constructs function in a parallel manner, demonstrating the key role of the AhR in constitutive as well as TCDD-induced expression of Cyp1B1 in mouse embryo fibroblasts.

AhR


Input: Transfection studies also showed that 3'-deletion of sequences downstream of the transcriptional start site (+ 1/+ 47) markedly reduced OSM-fold induction.

OSM


Input: Oncostatin M stimulates c-Fos to bind a transcriptionally responsive AP-1 element within the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 promoter.

Oncostatin M

c-Fos

AP-1 element

tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 promoter


Input: We have isolated a new human RING-finger gene (RNF4) that encodes a 190-amino-acid protein.

human RING-finger gene


Input: To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of human AM gene expression, functional elements of 5'-flanking region of AM gene were studied in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC).

human AM gene

AM gene


Input: Soluble FasR ligand-binding domain: high-yield production of active fusion and non-fusion recombinant proteins using the baculovirus/insect cell system.

FasR


Input: The inhibition of focus formation observed in the presence of C3G was not due to toxic effects on cell viability, since transfected C3G cells exhibited the same survival and growth rates as untransfected NIH3T3 cells or cells transfected with plasmid vector alone.


Input: C. D2-Chr 4 congenic strains harboring DBA/2 alleles associated with the Pctr1 locus contained DBA/2 " resistant " alleles of the CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors p16 and p15.

Pctr1 locus


Input: When tested with wild-type (DBA/2) p16, both A134C and G232A BALB/c-specific variants of p16 were inefficient in their ability to inhibit the activity of cyclin D2/CDK4 in kinase assays with retinoblastoma protein, suggesting this defective, inherited allele plays an important role in the genetic susceptibility of BALB/c mice for plasmacytoma induction and that p16 (INK4a) is a strong candidate for the Pctr1 locus.

cyclin D2

retinoblastoma protein

Pctr1 locus


Input: Despite this there was no difference in the intubating conditions at one minute with 25 excellent/5 good in the suxamethonium group and 27 excellent/3 good in the rocuronium group.


Input: Cloning and expression of two genes encoding auxin-binding proteins from tobacco.

auxin-binding proteins


Input: Furthermore, direct association with D3 phosphatidylinositides seems to be essential for activation of PKB/Akt.

PKB

Akt


Input: The FMN moiety but not the [3Fe-4S] cluster of the subunit appears to participate in this reaction.


Input: Alison Bell Memorial Award.


Input: METHODS: A population survey was undertaken in 10, 148 individuals to measure the prevalence and identify the causes of blindness in Lebanon.


Input: The mean duration of pain relief was 4-6 weeks.


Input: The ESEM differs from conventional SEM in that no sample preparation is needed, eliminating artifactual changes.


Input: The 3' fragment was shown to accumulate as full-length mRNA disappeared in actinomycin D-treated cells, indicating a precursor-product relationship.


Input: The TATA box-binding protein (TBP) plays an essential role in transcription by all three eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases, polymerases (Pol) I, II, and III.

TATA box-binding protein

TBP

nuclear RNA polymerases

polymerases (Pol) I, II, and III


Input: A triple-mutant TBP (R231E + R235E + R239S) had greatly reduced activity for yeast U6 snRNA gene transcription while remaining active for Pol II basal transcription.

triple-mutant TBP

yeast U6 snRNA gene

Pol II


Input: E2F activity is regulated in part by the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressor proteins.

retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressor proteins


Input: This resulted in a complete inhibition of Site-1 cleavage that was restored by concomitant overexpression of full-length SCAP.

SCAP


Input: To determine the true molecular identity of SFD, both the 50-and 57-kDa polypeptides were directly sequenced.

SFD


Input: Molecular characterization of the 50-and 57-kDa subunits of the bovine vacuolar proton pump.

bovine vacuolar proton pump


Input: In C. albicans, HST6 is expressed constitutively at high levels in the different cell types analysed (yeast, hyphae, white and opaque), demonstrating that HST6 transcription is not repressed in this diploid yeast, unlike in diploid S. cerevisiae, and suggesting a basic biological function for the Hst6p transporter in C. albicans.


Input: Furthermore, binding of recombinant Myb and Ets-2 protein to these fragments could be competed with an excess of double stranded oligodeoxynucleotides containing canonical, but not mutated, Myb-or Ets-binding sites.

recombinant Myb

Ets-2 protein

Myb

Ets-binding sites


Input: This structure interconnects specific triplets of the basal bodies with the microtubular bundles that emerge from the basal apparatus.


Input: To understand the regulatory mechanism controlling its expression at low temperature, the promoter region has been characterized.


Input: In the current study, the roles of two putative cis-acting elements within the-73 to + 44 region in basal exon 2 promoter activity were evaluated using mutagenesis and nuclear protein-DNA binding assays.


Input: We have examined reporter gene (beta-gal) expression directed by human heat shock transcription factors 1 and 2 (HSF1 and HSF2) in HeLa cells and in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

beta-gal

human heat shock transcription factors 1 and 2


Input: Localized fluorescence was detectable only in cells containing a visible midcell constriction, suggesting that FtsK targeting normally occurs only at a late stage of septation.

FtsK


Input: No TATA box was found in the putative promoter region, but multiple GC boxes were found around the cap sites, supporting the previously inferred housekeeping nature of CYP51 gene and the existence of the multiple transcription initiation sites.

CYP51 gene


Input: Structural and evolutionary studies on sterol 14-demethylase P450 (CYP51), the most conserved P450 monooxygenase: I.

sterol 14-demethylase P450

P450 monooxygenase


Input: Its expression pattern is representative of many B cell-specific proteins, which are essential for B cell development and activation but are down-regulated after B cells become terminally differentiated plasma cells.


Input: The intercistronic gene junctions of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) contain conserved sequence elements that are important for polyadenylation and transcription termination of upstream transcript as well as reinitiation of transcription of downstream transcript.


Input: Infectious mutant virus progeny was obtained only on complementing gK-expressing cells, suggesting that gK has an important function in the replication cycle.

gK

gK


Input: Cleavage and DNA joining reactions, carried out by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase, are necessary to effect the covalent insertion of HIV-1 DNA into the host genome.

human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase


Input: The DSF regimen appears to have significant activity in patients who have metastatic pancreatic islet-cell carcinoma, and patient tolerance of the regimen is excellent, thus warranting further investigation.


Input: Activation of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase is a primary consequence of Ras activation and plays a key role in mediating Ras signal transduction.

mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase

Ras

Ras


Input: Histone acetylation levels in cells result from a dynamic equilibrium between competing histone acetylases and deacetylases.

Histone

histone acetylases and deacetylases


Input: CyIIa transcription follows, and is therefore downstream of, the initial specification of these embryonic domains.

CyIIa


Input: Cis-regulation downstream of cell type specification: a single compact element controls the complex expression of the CyIIa gene in sea urchin embryos.

CyIIa gene


Input: We also present evidence that human HYAL1 is identical to an uncharacterized gene positionally cloned by others from chromosome 3p21. 3 that is homozygously deleted in several small-cell lung carcinoma cell lines.

human HYAL1


Input: In patients with myalgia, Raynaud' s syndrome, skin vasculitis and vascular diseases WFAg concentrations were higher than in patients without them.

WFAg


Input: Although the expression of the 4E-BP1 gene alone has not yet been accomplished, the gene was expressed in Escherichia coli [BL21 (DE3)] as a fusion gene with the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) gene using a prokaryotic gene fusion vector (pGEX-4T-2), which contains a gene sequence coding the cleavage site for a specific protease, alpha-thrombin.

4E-BP1 gene

glutathione-S-transferase

GST

alpha-thrombin


Input: Randomised comparison of addition of autologous bone-marrow transplantation to intensive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia in first remission: results of MRC AML 10 trial.


Input: Therapeutic use of cannabis.


Input: Analysis of intragenic revertants shows that this function depends on the amino acid preceding the first cysteine residue of the DNA-binding domain of Hap1p.


Input: Peripheral visual stimuli and monoaural auditory stimuli were used as targets.


Input: A review of studies published between 1983 and 1995 shows that there are some common factors as regards the psychological distress and social and functional limitations this group of patients has to deal with.


Input: PKC-gamma, which is not present in keratinocytes, also induces involucrin gene expression in a TPA-independent manner, when introduced into SVHK cells.

PKC-gamma

involucrin gene


Input: Identification and characterization of specific DNA-binding complexes containing members of the Myc/Max/Mad network of transcriptional regulators.

Myc

Max

Mad


Input: We further show that proteolytic targeting by calpain II and the proteasome involves different structural elements of YY1.

calpain II


Input: Primers for subsequent rounds of RACE were designed from the 5'-ends of amplified RACE products.


Input: Human ZFM1 protein is a transcriptional repressor that interacts with the transcription activation domain of stage-specific activator protein.

ZFM1 protein

transcription activation domain of stage-specific activator protein


Input: Surprisingly, the CSF1R/IRDelta960 was as effective as the CSF1R/IR in mediating CSF-1 protection of cells from staurosporine-induced apoptosis.

IR


Input: CONCLUSIONS: The special clinical presentation of our case of possible Gardner' s syndrome is discussed.


Input: These results would suggest that a high UV sensitivity is associated with high phaeomelanin and low eumelanin levels, and point to the eumelanin/phaeomelanin ratio as a novel chemical parameter that could be used for predicting individuals at high risk for skin cancer and melanoma.


Input: In ferrets naturally infected with H. mustelae, a single dose (50 mg/kg, per os) of fluorofamide completely inhibited bacterial urease.

bacterial urease


Input: The cAMP-dependent mitogenic pathway is unique as it is independent of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and differs from growth factor-dependent pathways at the level of the expression of several protooncogenes/transcription factors.

mitogen-activated protein kinase


Input: CONCLUSIONS: Use of the first method was associated with a reduction in the time patients remained in the ICU before transfer to another unit and savings in nursing time, but the two methods did not differ according to clinical outcomes.


Input: We have elucidated the exon-intron organization of the entire human CD58 gene, including approximately 2. 5 kilobases (kb) of 5'-flanking DNA.

CD58 gene


Input: The risk factors for hematuria in patients with renal hypouricemia are the elevation of urinary urate concentration and the subtypes of Post and Secretion.


Input: Two hundred sixty-four patients scheduled for DCBM were randomized to receive intravenously geG 0. 25 mg (geG-25), or geG 0. 5 mg (geG-50), or HBB 20 mg as hypotonic agent.


Input: If the haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was less than 12 g dL-1 they were given a four week course of ferrous sulphate.

haemoglobin

Hb


Input: Based on restriction enzyme analysis, Southern blots, polymerase chain reaction analysis and DNA sequencing, it was confirmed that the three overlapping clones isolated cover the entire cHO-1 gene, as well as approximately 10 kb of the flanking regions on both ends.

cHO-1 gene


Input: Position-independent expression of a human nerve growth factor-luciferase reporter gene cloned on a yeast artificial chromosome vector.

nerve growth factor

luciferase


Input: Calcitriol therapy was associated with a decrease in serum iPTH levels (701 +/-103. 9 vs.

iPTH


Input: Alterations in DNase I reactivity of the GC-response element region suggest that GC receptor-GC complexes may associate, in a transient manner, with the promoter in the actively transcribing control state.

DNase I

GC receptor-GC complexes


Input: Most pituitary hormone-coding gene promoters are activated by Ptx1.


Input: One of these small inteins might be inactive or a " pseudo intein. " The results suggest a modular architecture for inteins, clarify their origin and relationship to other protein families, and extend recent experimental findings on the functional roles of intein N, C, and EN motifs.

small inteins

" pseudo intein. "

inteins

intein N, C, and EN motifs


Input: Purification of MvaT enriched for two polypeptides of approximate molecular mass 15 kDa and 16 kDa, designated P15 and P16.

MvaT


Input: These results indicate that TGF-betaf potentiates the c-fos SRE activated by PKC through the SRF binding site.

TGF-betaf

c-fos

PKC

SRF binding site


Input: BACKGROUND: Defensins, also known as human neutrophil peptides, are antimicrobial peptides present in the azurophil granules of neutrophils.

Defensins

human neutrophil peptides


Input: The spontaneous mutation blocking pca gene expression was located in the promoter for the pca operon.

pca gene

pca operon


Input: From 250 g of cells, we isolated 1 mg of PDH complex with a specific activity of 12. 6 U/mg of protein.

PDH complex


Input: The PDH complex-encoding genes were identified by hybridization experiments and sequence analysis in two separate gene regions in the genome of Z. mobilis.

PDH complex-encoding genes


Input: We have identified two functional elements, both located downstream from the TATA motif, that control Id4 promoter activity.

Id4 promoter


Input: Azithromycin is a new generation macrolide antibiotic with unusual and favorable pharmacokinetics, and seems to be a very promising agent for innovative anti-H. pylori regimens.


Input: The study enrolled 994 people co-infected with CMV and HIV, with at least one CD4 count recorded < 100 x 10 (6) cells/l.


Input: National certification: a vital component of quality assurance.


Input: Two rare novel mutations, D811N in exon 20 and R835C in exon 21, were identified in the first nucleotide-binding fold (NBF), a functionally important region of SUR1, in one patient each, both heterozygotes.


Input: Chimaeric VP16-E2 molecules suggest that the epithelial specific transcriptional activation of the BPV-4 LCR promoter is mediated by the E2 transactivation domain.

BPV-4 LCR promoter

E2 transactivation domain


Input: These changes correlate directly with an increase in the acetylation levels of all four core histones in vivo.

core histones


Input: Drosophila orthodenticle (otd) and murine Otx genes exemplify this, both in terms of expression patterns and mutant phenotypes.

Drosophila orthodenticle

otd

murine Otx genes


Input: APETALA3 transcripts are first detected in a meristematic region that will give rise to the petal and stamen primordia, and expression is maintained in this region during subsequent development of these organs.

APETALA3 transcripts


Input: We also recovered mutations in the 60A gene which encodes another TGF-beta-related factor in Drosophila.

60A gene

TGF-beta-related factor


Input: Cell lines are checked to find out whether they develop tumors in nude mice followed by an analysis of the karyotype.


Input: Cervicovaginal foetal fibronectin in the prediction of preterm labour in a low-risk population.

foetal fibronectin


Input: In addition, IgM can be absent in children with congenital toxoplasmosis or subjects with secondary reactivation.

IgM


Input: Both variants display the seven-transmembrane topology that is typical for G protein-coupled receptors.

G protein-coupled receptors


Input: A constitutive allele of GPA2 could stimulate growth of a strain lacking both RAS genes.

RAS genes


Input: The COOH-terminus of this new isoform, which we designate beta 4, lacks a 22 amino acid lysine-rich sequence common to both the human red cell alpha-and beta-adducin subunits and homologous to a highly conserved region in MARCKS, a filamentous actin-cross linking protein regulated by protein kinase C and calcium/calmodulin. beta 4-adducin preserves a previously identified calmodulin binding domain.

beta 4

human red cell alpha-and beta-adducin subunits

MARCKS

actin

protein kinase C

calmodulin

beta 4-adducin

calmodulin binding domain


Input: PCR analysis indicates that this new beta-adducin isoform is expressed in fetal brain and liver, bone marrow, and NT-2 (neuroepithelial) cells, but is not detected in several other tissues.

beta-adducin isoform


Input: The gene lac-1, encoding the enzyme laccase, is the best characterized of a number of genes in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, that are repressed by hypoviruses, a group of virulence-attenuating mycoviruses. lac-1 has also been shown to be transcriptionally activated by low concentrations of the translational inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) and by the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A.

gene lac-1

laccase


Input: Both TRE-like elements were capable of binding AP1.


Input: The hp55 gamma protein interacts strongly with the activated IGFIR but not with the kinase-negative mutant receptor. hp55 gamma also interacts with the insulin receptor (IR) in the yeast two-hybrid system.

hp55 gamma protein

IGFIR

hp55 gamma

insulin receptor

IR


Input: The plant protein maintains all the functional domains found in the other proteins, including nuclear localization signal, DNA-binding domain and helicase motifs, suggesting that it might also act as part of the RNA transcription apparatus, as well as nucleotide excision repair in plant cells.

helicase motifs


Input: This paper describes the genomic organization of mouse gC1qBP and the characterization of its 5' flanking region.


Input: LysR proteins have been shown to regulate urease in Klebsiella aerogenes (NAC), and catalase in Escherichia coli (OxyR), which offers the intracellular bacterium protection from phagolysosome damage.

LysR proteins

urease in Klebsiella aerogenes

NAC

catalase in Escherichia coli

OxyR


Input: Also, the anti-inflammatory activities of an aqueous extract of Buddleia cordata and its principal glycoside linarin were evaluated.


Input: Regulation of the Raf kinase in T cells differs from findings with a variety of cell lines that the catalytic domain of Raf (Raf (delta26-303)) shows no activity.

Raf kinase

catalytic domain of Raf

Raf


Input: Full-length FLAP clones were isolated from a mouse skeletal muscle cDNA library.

Full-length FLAP


Input: We have visualized DNA-protein complexes by electron microscopy and a high-affinity binding site of WDV Rep protein within the core element has been mapped to approximately 144 +/-18 bp upstream from the initiation site, between the start site for complementary-sense transcription and the TATA box.

WDV Rep protein


Input: Rex-1, a gene encoding a transcription factor expressed in the early embryo, is regulated via Oct-3/4 and Oct-6 binding to an octamer site and a novel protein, Rox-1, binding to an adjacent site.


Input: However, inhibition of both the ERK/RSK and the p38/MAPKAP kinase 2 pathways completely abolished NGF-induced CREB Ser-133 phosphorylation.

ERK

RSK

MAPKAP kinase 2

NGF

CREB


Input: Cells respond to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by increasing the transcription of the genes encoding ER-resident chaperone proteins.

ER-resident chaperone proteins


Input: The mei4 + gene of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe was cloned by functional complementation.

mei4 + gene


Input: In some cases, the aberrant methylation of CpGs within 5' regulatory regions has led to suppression of gene activity.


Input: The genomic fragments were fused upstream of the luciferase reporter gene.

luciferase reporter gene


Input: Cotransfection analyses of the T/EBP promoter-reporter constructs with a T/EBP expression vector into human HepG2 cells, which do not express T/EBP, suggested that autoregulation may be involved in controlling both rat and human T/EBP gene expression.

T/EBP promoter-reporter constructs

T/EBP

T/EBP

human T/EBP gene


Input: Deletion of the last two Ser residues, including one PKC consensus site in the receptor tail, prevented only phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced desensitization by 30%.

PKC


Input: Flap survival depends on the development of a small number of vascular connections between vessels arising from the pedicle and preexisting dermal vessels.


Input: Jean Klig reviews recent literature about lower respiratory tract infection in children.