Input: Results from the dermal fibroblast migration assay revealed that the steroidal glycoalkaloids (1) and (2), and the furostanol saponin (3) promoted fibroblast migration from the range of 23. 7 +/- 5. 7 to 37. 7 +/- 5. 1%, as compared with the control.

steroidal glycoalkaloids

furostanol saponin


Input: CONCLUSION: Collectively, our data demonstrate that the steroidal glycosides present in Easter lily bulbs induce, at least in part, the observed dermal fibroblast migration activity of the bulb extracts.

steroidal glycosides


Input: This is the first evidence that steroidal glycosides from L. longiflorum may potentially play a role in the wound healing process and may provide a scientific basis for the historical use of lily bulbs for this purpose.

steroidal glycosides


Input: CENP-A confers a reduction in height on octameric nucleosomes.


Input: Nucleosomes with histone H3 replaced by CENP-A direct kinetochore assembly.


Input: CENP-A nucleosomes from human and Drosophila have been reported to have reduced heights as compared to canonical octameric H3 nucleosomes, thus suggesting a unique tetrameric hemisomal composition.


Input: We demonstrate that octameric CENP-A nucleosomes assembled in vitro exhibit reduced heights, indicating that they are physically distinct from H3 nucleosomes and negating the need to invoke the presence of hemisomes.


Input: Correction: Wiedmann, M., et al.


Input: Exploration of the Role of the Non-Coding RNA SbrE in L. monocytogenes Stress Response.


Input: Int.


Input: J.


Input: Mol.


Input: Sci.


Input: 2013, 14, 378-393.


Input: The original version of the paper in Section 3. 8 reports that " The peptide mass tolerance and fragment mass tolerance values were 10 ppm and 30 mDa, respectively " [1] (p. 387).


Input: To help others who may want to use the same methods in the future, the authors would like to correct the wording to: " The peptide mass tolerance and fragment mass tolerance values were 30 ppm and 0. 15 Da, respectively.


Input: In order to decrease the probability of false peptide identification, only peptides with significance scores above the identity threshold (at the 95% confidence interval), defined by Mascot probability analysis (www. matrixscience. com/help/scoring _ help. html #PBM), were considered to be confidently identified and used for protein identification. Furthermore, only proteins identified in all four iTRAQ samples through at least two peptides with a p-value of < 0. 05 (expectation value) were further analyzed ".


Input: The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused to the readers of this journal.


Input: Cortical excitability in smoking and not smoking individuals with and without nicotine.

nicotine


Input: RATIONAL: Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors has a major neuromodulatory impact on central nervous system function.

acetylcholine


Input: Beyond acute activation, chronic nicotine intake has long-lasting effects on cortical excitability in animal experiments, caused by receptor up-or down-regulation.

nicotine


Input: Knowledge about the impact of nicotine on cortical excitability in humans, however, is limited.

nicotine


Input: OBJECTIVES: We therefore aimed to explore the effect of nicotine intake on cortical excitability in healthy human smokers and non-smokers.

nicotine


Input: METHODS: The primary motor cortex served as model, and cortical excitability was monitored via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).


Input: Corticospinal excitability and intracortical excitability were recorded before and after application of nicotine patch in both groups.

nicotine


Input: Corticospinal excitability was explored by motor threshold and input/output curve (I/O curve), and intracortical excitability was explored by means of paired-pulse TMS techniques (intracortical facilitation (ICF), short-latency intracortical inhibition (SICI), I-wave facilitation and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI)).


Input: RESULTS: The results show that smokers during nicotine withdrawal display increased corticospinal excitability with regard to the I/O curve (TMS intensity 150% of resting motor threshold) compared to non-smokers and furthermore enhanced SAI and diminished ICF at the intracortical circuit level.

nicotine


Input: After administration of nicotine, intracortical facilitation in smokers increased, while in non-smokers, inhibition (SICI, SAI) was enhanced.

nicotine


Input: CONCLUSION: Our results show that chronic nicotine consumption in smokers alters cortical excitability independent from acute nicotine consumption and that acute nicotine has different effects on motor cortical excitability in both groups.

nicotine

nicotine

nicotine


Input: Neuritogenic and Neuroprotective Effects of Polar Steroids from the Far East Starfishes Patiria pectinifera and Distolasterias nipon.

Steroids


Input: The neuritogenic and neuroprotective activities of six starfish polar steroids, asterosaponin P 1, (25S)-5 alpha-cholestane-3 beta, 4 beta, 6 alpha, 7 alpha, 8, 15 alpha, 16 beta, 26-octaol, and (25S)-5 alpha-cholestane-3 beta, 6 alpha, 7 alpha, 8, 15 alpha, 16 beta, 26-heptaol (1-3) from the starfish Patiria pectinifera and distolasterosides D1-D3 (4-6) from the starfish Distolasterias nipon were analyzed using the mouse neuroblastoma (NB) C-1300 cell line and an organotypic rat hippocampal slice culture (OHSC).

steroids

asterosaponin P 1

(25S)-5 alpha-cholestane-3 beta, 4 beta, 6 alpha, 7 alpha, 8, 15 alpha, 16 beta, 26-octaol

(25S)-5 alpha-cholestane-3 beta, 6 alpha, 7 alpha, 8, 15 alpha, 16 beta, 26-heptaol

distolasterosides D1-D3


Input: All of these compounds enhanced neurite outgrowth in NB cells.


Input: Dose-dependent responses to compounds 1-3 were observed within the concentration range of 10-100 nM, and dose-dependent responses to glycosides 4-6 were observed at concentrations of 1-50 nM.


Input: All the tested substances exhibited notable synergistic effects with trace amounts of nerve growth factor (NGF, 1 ng/mL) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, 0. 1 ng/mL).


Input: Using NB cells and OHSCs, it was shown for the first time that starfish steroids 1-6 act as neuroprotectors against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) by increasing the number of surviving cells.

steroids

oxygen

glucose


Input: Altogether, these results suggest that neurotrophin-like neuritogenic and neuroprotective activities are most likely common properties of starfish polyhydroxysteroids and the related glycosides, although the magnitude of the effect depended on the particular compound structure.

polyhydroxysteroids


Input: Amylin Acts in the Central Nervous System to Increase Sympathetic Nerve Activity.


Input: The pancreatic hormone amylin acts in the central nervous system (CNS) to decrease food intake and body weight.


Input: We hypothesized that amylin action in the CNS promotes energy expenditure by increasing the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.


Input: In mice, ip administration of amylin significantly increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei.


Input: In addition, mice treated with intracerebroventricular (icv) amylin (0. 1 and 0. 2 nmol) exhibited a dose-related decrease in food intake and body weight, measured 4 and 24 hours after treatment.


Input: The icv injection of amylin also increased body temperature in mice.


Input: Using direct multifiber sympathetic nerve recording, we found that icv amylin elicited a significant and dose-dependent increase in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) subserving thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT).


Input: Of note, icv injection of amylin also evoked a significant and dose-related increase in lumbar and renal SNA.


Input: Importantly, icv pretreatment with the amylin receptor antagonist AC187 (20 nmol) abolished the BAT SNA response induced by icv amylin, indicating that the sympathetic effects of amylin are receptor-mediated.


Input: Conversely, icv amylin-induced BAT SNA response was enhanced in mice overexpressing the amylin receptor subunit, RAMP1, in the CNS.


Input: Our data demonstrate that CNS action of amylin regulates sympathetic nerve outflow to peripheral tissues involved in energy balance and cardiovascular function.


Input: Antagonistic Basic Helix-Loop-Helix/bZIP Transcription Factors Form Transcriptional Modules That Integrate Light and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling in Arabidopsis.

Oxygen


Input: The critical developmental switch from heterotrophic to autotrophic growth of plants involves light signaling transduction and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

oxygen


Input: ROS function as signaling molecules that regulate multiple developmental processes, including cell death.


Input: However, the relationship between light and ROS signaling remains unclear.


Input: Here, we identify transcriptional modules composed of the basic helix-loop-helix and bZIP transcription factors PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR1 (PIF1), PIF3, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), and HY5 HOMOLOGY (HYH) that bridge light and ROS signaling to regulate cell death and photooxidative response.


Input: We show that pif mutants release more singlet oxygen and exhibit more extensive cell death than the wild type during Arabidopsis thaliana deetiolation.

oxygen


Input: Genome-wide expression profiling indicates that PIF1 represses numerous ROS and stress-related genes.


Input: Molecular and biochemical analyses reveal that PIF1/PIF3 and HY5/HYH physically interact and coordinately regulate the expression of five ROS-responsive genes by directly binding to their promoters.


Input: Furthermore, PIF1/PIF3 and HY5/HYH function antagonistically during the seedling greening process.


Input: In addition, phytochromes, cryptochromes, and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 act upstream to regulate ROS signaling.


Input: Together, this study reveals that the PIF1/PIF3-HY5/HYH transcriptional modules mediate crosstalk between light and ROS signaling and sheds light on a new mechanism by which plants adapt to the light environments.


Input: Self-assembling doxorubicin silk hydrogels for the focal treatment of primary breast cancer.

doxorubicin


Input: Standard care for early stage breast cancer includes tumor resection and local radiotherapy to achieve long-term remission.


Input: Systemic chemotherapy provides only low locoregional control of the disease; therefore, we describe self-assembling silk hydrogels that can retain and then deliver doxorubicin locally.

doxorubicin


Input: Self-assembling silk hydrogels show no swelling, are readily loaded with doxorubicin under aqueous conditions and release drug over 4 weeks in amounts that can be fine-tuned by varying the silk content.

doxorubicin


Input: Following successful in vitro studies, locally injected silk hydrogels loaded with doxorubicin show excellent antitumor response in mice, outperforming the equivalent amount of doxorubicin delivered intravenously.

doxorubicin

doxorubicin


Input: In addition to reducing primary tumor growth, doxorubicin-loaded silk hydrogels reduce metastatic spread and are well tolerated in vivo.

doxorubicin


Input: Thus, silk hydrogels are well suited for the local delivery of chemotherapy and provide a promising approach to improve locoregional control of breast cancer.


Input: Molecular spectroscopy and dynamics: a polyad-based perspective.


Input: The efficiency and insight of global, polyad-based modeling in overtone spectroscopy and dynamics is demonstrated.


Input: Both vibration and vibration-rotation polyads are considered.


Input: The spectroscopic implications of polyad Hamiltonians derive from their ability to account for the detailed line positions and intensities of spectral features and their unique predictive power.


Input: The dynamical implications of polyad Hamiltonians include classical bifurcations that lead to the birth of new vibrational modes and intramolecular vibrational-rotational energy redistribution over multiple timescales.


Input: The literature is reviewed, with emphasis on acetylene results.

acetylene


Input: Can mitochondrial dysfunction be initiated by dissociative electron attachment to xenobiotics?


Input: Resonance attachment of low-energy electrons to xenobiotic molecules, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane () and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (), was investigated under gas-phase conditions by means of complementary experimental techniques.

2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene


Input: Electron transmission spectroscopy (ETS) and dissociative electron attachment spectroscopy (DEAS), in the 0-6 eV and 0-15 eV energy range, respectively, were applied with the aim of modeling the behavior of these pesticide molecules under reductive conditions in vivo.


Input: Formation of long-lived parent molecular anions and fragment negative ions was observed at incident electron energies very close to zero, in agreement with the results of density functional theory calculations.


Input: The gas-phase DEA process, analogous to dissociative electron transfer in solution, was considered as a model for the initial step which occurs in the intermembrane space of mitochondria when a xenobiotic molecule captures an electron " leaked " from the respiratory chain.


Input: A possible involvement of the fragments produced by DEA to the pesticides under investigation into cellular processes is discussed.


Input: It is concluded that the free radicals and potential DNA adducts formed by DEA are expected to be dangerous for mitochondrial functionalities, while several of the products observed could act as messenger molecules, thus interfering with the normal cellular signaling pathways.