Input: Curcumin prevents maleate - induced nephrotoxicity : relation to hemodynamic alterations , oxidative stress , mitochondrial oxygen consumption and activity of respiratory complex I . The potential protective effect of the dietary antioxidant curcumin ( 120 mg / Kg / day for 6 days ) against the renal injury induced by maleate was evaluated . Tubular proteinuria and oxidative stress were induced by a single injection of maleate ( 400 mg / kg ) in rats . Maleate - induced renal injury included increase in renal vascular resistance and in the urinary excretion of total protein , glucose , sodium , neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin ( NGAL ) and N - acetyl b - D - glucosaminidase ( NAG ) , upregulation of kidney injury molecule ( KIM ) - 1 , decrease in renal blood flow and claudin - 2 expression besides of necrosis and apoptosis of tubular cells on 24 h . Oxidative stress was determined by measuring the oxidation of lipids and proteins and diminution in renal Nrf2 levels . Studies were also conducted in renal epithelial LLC - PK1 cells and in mitochondria isolated from kidneys of all the experimental groups . Maleate induced cell damage and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production in LLC - PK1 cells in culture . In addition , maleate treatment reduced oxygen consumption in ADP - stimulated mitochondria and diminished respiratory control index when using malate / glutamate as substrate . The activities of both complex I and aconitase were also diminished . All the above - described alterations were prevented by curcumin . It is concluded that curcumin is able to attenuate in vivo maleate - induced nephropathy and in vitro cell damage . The in vivo protection was associated to the prevention of oxidative stress and preservation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption and activity of respiratory complex I , and the in vitro protection was associated to the prevention of ROS production .

Curcumin

maleate

oxygen

respiratory complex I

curcumin

maleate

maleate

Maleate

glucose

sodium

lipids

Maleate

reactive oxygen species

ROS

maleate

oxygen

ADP

malate

glutamate

curcumin

curcumin

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respiratory complex I

ROS

nephrotoxicity

renal injury

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renal injury

necrosis and apoptosis of tubular cells

nephropathy

rats

neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin

NGAL

N - acetyl b - D - glucosaminidase

NAG

kidney injury molecule ( KIM ) - 1

claudin - 2

aconitase

LLC - PK1

LLC - PK1

proteinuria

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proteinuria

maleate

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maleate

proteinuria

Maleate

proteinuria

Maleate

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maleate

proteinuria

maleate

nephrotoxicity

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renal injury

kidney injury molecule ( KIM ) - 1

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kidney injury molecule ( KIM ) - 1

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kidney injury molecule ( KIM ) - 1

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maleate

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maleate

ROS

maleate

reactive oxygen species

maleate

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maleate

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maleate

reactive oxygen species

maleate

ROS

maleate

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Maleate

reactive oxygen species

Maleate

ROS

Maleate

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Maleate

reactive oxygen species

Maleate

ROS

Maleate

ROS

maleate

reactive oxygen species

maleate

ROS

maleate

ROS

maleate

reactive oxygen species

maleate

ROS

maleate

ROS

maleate

kidney injury molecule ( KIM ) - 1

maleate

kidney injury molecule ( KIM ) - 1

maleate

kidney injury molecule ( KIM ) - 1

Maleate

kidney injury molecule ( KIM ) - 1

Maleate

kidney injury molecule ( KIM ) - 1

maleate

kidney injury molecule ( KIM ) - 1

maleate

kidney injury molecule ( KIM ) - 1

maleate

nephrotoxicity

maleate

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maleate

renal injury

maleate

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maleate

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maleate

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maleate

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maleate

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maleate

nephropathy

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maleate

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renal injury

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renal injury

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nephropathy

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maleate

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maleate

aconitase

maleate

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Maleate

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Maleate

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maleate

claudin - 2

maleate

claudin - 2

maleate

claudin - 2

Maleate

claudin - 2

Maleate

claudin - 2

maleate

claudin - 2

maleate

claudin - 2

Curcumin

nephrotoxicity

Curcumin

renal injury

Curcumin

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nephropathy

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nephrotoxicity

curcumin

renal injury

curcumin

renal injury

curcumin

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curcumin

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curcumin

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curcumin

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curcumin

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Curcumin

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Curcumin

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curcumin

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maleate

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maleate

nephrotoxicity

neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin

nephrotoxicity

NGAL

renal injury

neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin

renal injury

NGAL

renal injury

neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin

renal injury

NGAL

nephropathy

neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin

nephropathy

NGAL

nephrotoxicity

sodium

renal injury

sodium

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sodium

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sodium

nephrotoxicity

glucose

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glucose

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glucose

maleate

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neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin

maleate

NGAL

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neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin

maleate

NGAL

maleate

neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin

maleate

NGAL

Maleate

neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin

Maleate

NGAL

Maleate

neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin

Maleate

NGAL

maleate

neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin

maleate

NGAL

maleate

neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin

maleate

NGAL

maleate

sodium

maleate

sodium

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