Input: China 's development of anti - satellite ( ASAT ) capabilities has also raised concerns about China 's missile and related military space program .

raised

China 's development of anti - satellite ( ASAT ) capabilities

concerns about China 's missile and related military space program


Input: Pretoria developed nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles but relinquished these armaments in the early 1990s .

developed

Pretoria

nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles


Input: While the proliferation legacies of South Africa 's nuclear and missile programs were effectively resolved through verified disarmament measures that won international acclaim , dismantlement of the country 's CBW capabilities was not verified to a comparable degree of certainty .

resolved

the proliferation legacies of South Africa 's nuclear and missile programs

through verified disarmament measures that won international acclaim

verified

disarmament measures

measures

disarmament

acclaim

international

verified disarmament measures

that

dismantlement

of the country 's CBW capabilities

disarmament


Input: The post - apartheid government of South Africa implemented its nonproliferation and disarmament policy through the Non - Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction Act ( No. 87 of 1993 ) to control the transfer of sensitive items and technologies .

transfer

of sensitive items and technologies

disarmament


Input: The South African experience demonstrates that at least under some conditions , unilateral disarmament is not only possible , but can improve a nation 's security .

disarmament

unilateral


Input: In 1973 , then Prime Minister Johannes Vorster approved a program to develop a limited nuclear deterrent capability .

develop

a limited nuclear deterrent capability


Input: Ultimately , South Africa manufactured six air - deliverable nuclear weapons of the `` gun - type '' design .

manufactured

South Africa

six air - deliverable nuclear weapons of the `` gun - type '' design


Input: More recently , South Africa began working more closely with the IAEA in 2004 , in order to monitor international smuggling of nuclear weapons materials , after investigations of a South African businessman exposed connections to the A.Q. Khan network .

began

More recently

South Africa

working more closely with the IAEA in 2004 , in order to monitor international smuggling of nuclear weapons materials

after investigations of a South African businessman exposed connections to the A.Q. Khan network

monitor

South Africa

international smuggling of nuclear weapons materials

investigations

of a South African businessman


Input: Although ostensibly created entirely for defensive purposes , since government and Cuban military forces in Angola were reportedly equipped for and planning to use -- if not already using -- CW agents against the South African Defence Force ( SADF ) , from the outset the program also had offensive features and capabilities .

created

the program

equipped

government and Cuban military forces in Angola

for

CW agents

use

government and Cuban military forces in Angola

CW agents

against the South African Defence Force ( SADF )

using

CW agents

against the South African Defence Force ( SADF )

government and Cuban military forces in Angola

defensive


Input: It was in this highly charged political and military context , which precipitated a `` bunker '' or `` laager '' mentality , that Coast was secretly initiated in 1981 under the aegis of the SADF Special Forces .

precipitated

which

this highly charged political and military context

a `` bunker '' or `` laager '' mentality


Input: Project Officer Dr . Wouter Basson also set up an elaborate network of procurement and financial front companies overseas .

up

an elaborate network of procurement and financial front companies

Project Officer Dr . Wouter Basson

procurement

companies


Input: Some of these pathogens were probably used to assassinate individual `` enemies of the state , '' and it is alleged that both anthrax bacteria and V. cholerae were each employed on at least one occasion to infect larger populations .

used

Some of these pathogens

to assassinate individual `` enemies of the state , ''

employed

both anthrax bacteria and V. cholerae

each

to infect larger populations

assassinate

individual `` enemies of the state , ''

alleged

that both anthrax bacteria and V. cholerae were each employed on at least one occasion to infect larger populations


Input: South Africa 's chemical warfare program was one of the two principal components of its covert state - sponsored CBW program , codenamed Project Coast ( later Project Jota ) .

warfare

chemical


Input: Certain CW facilities also carried out research on the suitability of using illegal drugs such as methaqualone ( `` Quaaludes '' ) , MDMA ( `` Ecstasy '' ) , LSD , marijuana extract ( tetrahydrocannibol ) , and cocaine as incapacitating `` calmatives , '' but some of these illegal drugs may have ended up being sold for a profit .

CW

carried

Certain CW facilities

research on the suitability of using illegal drugs such as methaqualone ( `` Quaaludes '' ) , MDMA ( `` Ecstasy '' ) , LSD , marijuana extract ( tetrahydrocannibol ) , and cocaine as incapacitating `` calmatives , ''

research

on the suitability of using illegal drugs such as methaqualone ( `` Quaaludes '' ) , MDMA ( `` Ecstasy '' ) , LSD , marijuana extract ( tetrahydrocannibol ) , and cocaine as incapacitating `` calmatives , ''

Certain CW facilities

using

illegal drugs such as methaqualone ( `` Quaaludes '' ) , MDMA ( `` Ecstasy '' ) , LSD , marijuana extract ( tetrahydrocannibol ) , and cocaine

illegal

drugs

sold

some of these illegal drugs


Input: Previously , Libya signed Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty in November 2001 and ratified it in January 2004 .

signed

Libya

Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

ratified

it

Libya


Input: With the lifting of UN sanctions in 1998 , Russia renewed its nuclear cooperation with Libya , providing funding for renovations to the Taruja nuclear complex .

lifting

in 1998

of UN sanctions

sanctions

UN

cooperation

its

nuclear

with Libya

providing

Russia

funding

for renovations to the Taruja nuclear complex


Input: The country acceded to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention on 19 January 1982 .

acceded

The country

to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention


Input: Prior to Libya 's 19 December 2003 announcement to abandon its WMD programs , US intelligence agencies alleged that Qadhafi had attempted to recruit South African scientists to assist in the acquisition of BW , and that Libya had started to develop pathogens and toxins for weapons use .

announcement

Libya 's

to abandon its WMD programs

alleged

US intelligence agencies

that Qadhafi had attempted to recruit South African scientists to assist in the acquisition of BW

that Libya had started to develop pathogens and toxins for weapons use

assist

in the acquisition of BW

acquisition

of BW

started

Libya

to develop pathogens and toxins for weapons use

develop

use

weapons

abandon

its WMD programs


Input: There is a significant amount of open-source literature concerning Libya 's acquisition and use of chemical weapons ( CW ) ; it is well documented that Libya employed Iranian-supplied mustard gas bombs against Chad , its southern neighbor , in 1987 .

use

of chemical weapons ( CW )

Libya 's

employed

Libya

Iranian-supplied mustard gas bombs

against Chad , its southern neighbor

acquisition

Libya 's

of chemical weapons ( CW )

is

a significant amount of open-source literature concerning Libya 's acquisition and use of chemical weapons ( CW )


Input: In the early 1980 s , Libya accelerated its efforts to obtain a longer-range ballistic missile with the al-Fatah , reportedly with a range of 950 km .

obtain

Libya

a longer-range ballistic missile


Input: QN : Did John pass through the Rome airport customs ?

pass

John

through the Rome airport customs


Input: QN : What does he need to do to be in Paris ?

do

he

What


Input: He also sold the XYZ-11 , the key part necessary for the trigger .

sold

the XYZ-11 , the key part necessary for the trigger

He


Input: QN : Are there any efforts to bring back small investors ?

bring


Input: Three patients declined further surgery .

declined

Three patients

further surgery


Input: President Clinton and Blair will stand together on arresting the terrorists suspected of blowing up Pan Am flight 103 over Scotland .

arresting

the terrorists suspected of blowing up Pan Am flight 103 over Scotland

blowing up Pan Am flight 103 over Scotland


Input: QN : Did any Kuwaiti jet fighters escape the Iraqi invasion ?

escape

the Iraqi invasion

any Kuwaiti jet fighters


Input: Being one of the few countries in the world that has experienced chemical warfare ( CW ) on the battlefield , Iran ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1997 .

warfare

ratified

Iran

the Chemical Weapons Convention


Input: The weak international response , particularly by the United Nations , to Iraqi use of chemical weapons against Iranian forces left Iran bitter about what it perceived to be a double standard in enforcing international agreements .

response

international

to Iraqi use of chemical weapons against Iranian forces

particularly by the United Nations

use

of chemical weapons

Iraqi

against Iranian forces


Input: In a public interview , the Iranian representative to the United Nations , Rajai'e Korassani , stated that `` ... if the Iraqi regime does not take any steps in putting an end to the crimes of the Iraqi regime , we will retaliate in kind , and in that case , we will certainly announce it . ''

stated

the Iranian representative to the United Nations , Rajai'e Korassani

that `` ... if the Iraqi regime does not take any steps in putting an end to the crimes of the Iraqi regime , we will retaliate in kind , and in that case , we will certainly announce it

announce

we

it

crimes

crimes

of the Iraqi regime

retaliate

we

in kind

steps

the Iraqi regime

in putting an end to the crimes of the Iraqi regime

to

the crimes of the Iraqi regime


Input: However , several Iranian officials has never hidden his abhorrence of CW use in battlefield .

use

CW


Input: While several Iranian leaders felt that developing a CW program would counteract the Iraqi threat and prove to be a strong deterrent , others within the clerical Islamic regime publicly condemned any use of chemicals on moral grounds , calling them un - Islamic .

developing

a CW program

condemned

others within the clerical Islamic regime

any use of chemicals

use

of chemicals

calling

them

un - Islamic


Input: Though there is no concrete evidence that Iran is currently developing CW , there have been several instances where CW precursors were purchased from foreign sources in the past .

developing

Iran

CW

purchased

CW precursors

from foreign sources

is

no concrete evidence that Iran is currently developing CW

been

several instances where CW precursors were purchased from foreign sources in the past


Input: In 1989 US authorities found Alcolac International Inc. , a pharmaceutical firm based out of Baltimore , Maryland , guilty of illegally shipping almost 120 tons of thiodyglycol ( a mustard gas precursor ) to Iran .

shipping

almost 120 tons of thiodyglycol ( a mustard gas precursor

to Iran


Input: The same year , US Department of Commerce put export controls on 23 specific chemicals that could aid CW proliferation .

aid

CW proliferation

23 specific chemicals

that


Input: The companies involved were Nanjing Chemical Industries Group and Jiangsu Yongli Chemical Engineering and Technology Import / Export Corporation .

involved

The companies


Input: Iran 's well - known Shahab missile is also believed to be capable of carrying chemical warheads , although it is uncertain warheads have been developed or tested .

carrying

chemical warheads

developed

warheads

tested

warheads


Input: In 2002 , Iran tested a new version of its Muajar-4 ( Mohajer ) unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV ) , which some experts claim could be used for potential CBW delivery .

tested

Iran

a new version of its Muajar-4 ( Mohajer ) unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV ) , which some experts claim could be used for potential CBW delivery

claim

some experts

could be used for potential CBW delivery

a new version of its Muajar-4 ( Mohajer ) unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV ) , which

used

for potential CBW delivery

a new version of its Muajar-4 ( Mohajer ) unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV ) , which

delivery

CBW


Input: The CIA believes that `` Teheran is rapidly approaching self-sufficiency and could become a supplier of CW - related materials to other nations . ''

approaching

Teheran

self-sufficiency

supplier

of CW - related materials

to other nations

Teheran

become

a supplier of CW - related materials to other nations

Teheran


Input: Iran has also conducted several military exercises to date that have included defensive chemical and biological weapons maneuvers .

exercises

Iran

exercises

military

defensive

conducted

Iran

several military exercises

that have included defensive chemical and biological weapons maneuvers


Input: It also held a mock `` trial inspection '' at the Shahid Razkani chemical factory to allow inspectors to see how such a procedure was conducted .

inspection

It

at the Shahid Razkani chemical factory

inspectors

inspectors

conducted

such a procedure


Input: Early 1990s , According to the British Observer , the British government exported chemicals to Iran that can be used to manufacture weapons .

used

chemicals

that

to manufacture weapons

manufacture

weapons


Input: China is a key supplier of CW equipment and technologies to Iran according to US Department of Defense .

supplier

of CW equipment and technologies

to Iran

China

equipment

equipment


Input: In an unclassified report to Congress , the DCI said that `` Chinese firms had supplied CW - related production equipment and technology to Iran , '' prior to July 1999 , and that evidence during the second half of 1999 `` suggests Iran continues to seek such assistance from Chinese entities , but it is unclear to what extent these efforts have succeeded . ''

report

to Congress

said

In an unclassified report to Congress

the DCI

that `` Chinese firms had supplied CW - related production equipment and technology to Iran , '' prior to July 1999 , and that evidence during the second half of 1999 `` suggests Iran continues to seek such assistance from Chinese entities , but it is unclear to what extent these efforts have succeeded . ''

supplied

Chinese firms

CW - related production equipment and technology

to Iran

production

assistance

from Chinese entities


Input: China has been Iran 's main source for chemical weapons precursors , manufacturing equipment , and technical expertise since 1994 .

manufacturing


Input: According to an intelligence report , cited by the Washington Times on 30 October 1997 , China completed construction in June 1997 of a dual - use plant in Iran for making glass - lined equipment used in producing chemical weapons .

report

intelligence

report

making

glass - lined equipment used in producing chemical weapons

producing

chemical weapons

used

glass - lined equipment

in producing chemical weapons

construction

of a dual - use plant in Iran for making glass - lined equipment used in producing chemical weapons

cited

by the Washington Times

an intelligence report


Input: They consisted of 49 metric tons of alkyl dimethylamine , used in making detergent , and 17 metric tons of sodium sulfide , a chemical that could be used in making mustard gas .

used

in making detergent

alkyl dimethylamine

making

mustard gas


Input: In 1997 , two Chinese companies , Nanjing Industries Group and Technology Import / Export Corporation , supplied Iran with thionyl chloride , dimethylamine ( tabun nerve gas precursor ) , ethyl chlorohydrin ( possible mustard precursor ) , and glass - lined mixing vessels .

supplied

two Chinese companies , Nanjing Industries Group and Technology Import / Export Corporation

Iran

with thionyl chloride , dimethylamine ( tabun nerve gas precursor ) , ethyl chlorohydrin ( possible mustard precursor ) , and glass - lined mixing vessels

mixing


Input: The delivery was made in 10 consignments of 50 tons each , for an estimated $924,000 .

delivery


Input: `` With the aid of Indian companies , Iran is nearing the completion of a secret poison - gas plant , which was claimed by the Indian companies to be a pesticide factory . ''

aid

of Indian companies

claimed

by the Indian companies

to be a pesticide factory

a secret poison - gas plant

which


Input: Under the deal , India will build a sophisticate chemical plant at Qazvin , which will be used produce phosphorous pentasulfide , a dual - use chemical that could be used to produce chemical weapons .

build

India

a sophisticate chemical plant

at Qazvin

which will be used produce phosphorous pentasulfide , a dual - use chemical that could be used to produce chemical weapons

used

produce phosphorous pentasulfide , a dual - use chemical that could be used to produce chemical weapons

a sophisticate chemical plant at Qazvin

which

produce

chemical weapons

produce

a sophisticate chemical plant at Qazvin

which

phosphorous pentasulfide , a dual - use chemical that could be used to produce chemical weapons


Input: The report mentions the sale of 58,000 gas masks by Shalon Chemical Industries after the Iran - Iraq War as well as the supply of gas detectors by Elbit for the identification of chemical warfare agents .

report

mentions

The report

the sale of 58,000 gas masks by Shalon Chemical Industries after the Iran - Iraq War as well as the supply of gas detectors by Elbit for the identification of chemical warfare agents

sale

of 58,000 gas masks

by Shalon Chemical Industries

supply

of gas detectors

by Elbit

for the identification of chemical warfare agents

warfare

chemical


Input: Libya used these agents against Chadian troops later that year .

used

Libya

these agents

against Chadian troops


Input: According to an unclassified report to Congress by the DCI from early 2000 , `` Russian entities remain a significant source of biotechnology and chemicals for Iran . ''

report

to Congress

by the DCI


Input: In 1984 , South Korea supplied Iran with copies of the Finnish Kemira respirators , which proved to be deficient .

supplied

South Korea

Iran

with copies of the Finnish Kemira respirators , which proved to be deficient


Input: 26 BILL : Anything you want to do over there ?

do

you

Anything


Input: 20 RICH : Yeah , and whatever adjustment he makes today , is probably - tonight , is probably not gon na work , so we 're probably gon na have to check it tomorrow afternoon again .

check

we

it


Input: A large number of Iran 's ballistic missiles and / or long - range artillery rocket systems currently possess the capability to deliver conventional high explosive , submunition , chemical , biological and radiological dispersion warheads .

dispersion

radiological

deliver

A large number of Iran 's ballistic missiles and / or long - range artillery rocket systems

conventional high explosive , submunition , chemical , biological and radiological dispersion warheads


Input: Among a number of joint Israeli - Iranian military projects discussed at these meetings was `` Project Flower . ''

discussed

joint Israeli - Iranian military projects


Input: The continued Iraqi use of FROG-7A artillery rockets against Iranian cities led to Iran 's interest in long - range artillery rockets and ballistic missiles .

use

Iraqi

of FROG-7A artillery rockets

against Iranian cities

led

The continued Iraqi use of FROG-7A artillery rockets against Iranian cities

to Iran 's interest in long - range artillery rockets and ballistic missiles


Input: This often resulted in unnecessary competition , the dilution of effort , and abortive programs .

competition


Input: It was during this period that Iran also approached both the DPRK and People's Republic of China ( PRC ) seeking missile technology and tactical ballistic missiles in the Scud-B class .

approached

Iran

both the DPRK and People's Republic of China ( PRC )


Input: The DPRK , however , had acquired small numbers of Scud-Bs ( i.e. , R-17Es ) from Egypt and was pursuing a multifaceted missile research and development program .

acquired

The DPRK

small numbers of Scud-Bs ( i.e. , R-17Es )

from Egypt

research

missile


Input: The goal was to produce both reverse - engineered and extended - range variants of the R-17E known as the Hwasong-5 and the Hwasong-6 , respectively .

produce

both reverse - engineered and extended - range variants of the R-17E known as the Hwasong-5 and the Hwasong-6 , respectively


Input: As a result of the 1984 agreement with Libya , approximately two MAZ-543P TELs and 20 Scud-B missiles are believed to have reached Iran during January or February 1985 .

reached

two MAZ-543P TELs and 20 Scud-B missiles

Iran


Input: Upon arrival , the missiles were assigned to a newly created battalion - sized missile unit of the Islamic Revolution Guard Corps ( IRGC ) Air Force , whose personnel had received preliminary training in both Libya and Syria .

arrival

training

preliminary

received

preliminary training

personnel


Input: This was followed two days later by an early morning attack on the Iraqi capital of Baghdad .

attack

on the Iraqi capital of Baghdad


Input: During the next three months , both sides conducted a small - scale `` War of the Cities , '' with Iran launching missiles at Baghdad and Iraq countering with Scud-B missile attacks upon number of Iranian border cities .

conducted

both sides

a small - scale `` War of the Cities , ''

attacks

Scud-B missile

upon number of Iranian border cities


Input: Long - term assistance in the establishment of a factories to manufacture the HN-5A and HQ-2 .

assistance

in the establishment of a factories to manufacture the HN-5A and HQ-2

establishment

of a factories to manufacture the HN-5A and HQ-2

manufacture

the HN-5A and HQ-2


Input: Upon arrival the missiles were assigned to the Missile Unit of the IRGC Air Force , which appears to have been expanded to brigade size and been responsible for all Scud operations against Iraq .

arrival

the missiles


Input: This 320km range is the range of the Shehab-1 ( i.e. , Hwasong-5 ) and is slightly greater than the 280km of the standard Scud-B. It is unlikely that the Iranians manufactured these missiles , but rather they were assembled from components provided by the DPRK .

manufactured

Iranians

these missiles

assembled

they

from components provided by the DPRK

provided

components

by the DPRK


Input: It appears that it would n't be until the early 1990s that Iran would advance from assembly to production of the Shehab-1 .

assembly

of the Shehab-1

production

of the Shehab-1


Input: In the early morning hours of 29 February 1988 , Iran -- in its largest missile attack of the war to date -- launched three Shehab-1s against Baghdad .

attack

its

missile

war


Input: Iraq quickly responded that afternoon , launching five of its new long - range al-Husayn missiles against Tehran .

responded

Iraq

launching five of its new long - range al-Husayn missiles against Tehran


Input: Iran 's ability to conduct these attacks was primarily the result of two factors .

attacks

conduct

Iran

these attacks


Input: Second , it had enlarged its Shehab-1 , Oghab ( a 40km artillery rocket ) , and Shahin II ( a large caliber 20km artillery rocket ) inventory during 1987 .

enlarged

it

its Shehab-1 , Oghab ( a 40km artillery rocket ) , and Shahin II ( a large caliber 20km artillery rocket ) inventory


Input: For a variety of reasons , Iraq -- feeling victorious -- declared a unilateral cease-fire on 21 April 1988 .

declared

Iraq

a unilateral cease-fire


Input: Building upon the foundations established during the war , Iran 's missile and long - range artillery rocket programs were reorganized during the late 1980s and have developed along two broad paths -- solid - fueled and liquid - fueled systems .

Building

upon the foundations established during the war

established

the foundations

war


Input: The solid - fuel component built upon the foundation laid with the Oghab and Shahin-II programs and would lead to the Fajr , Nazeat , and Zelzal families of long - range artillery rockets .

lead

The solid - fuel component

to the Fajr , Nazeat , and Zelzal families of long - range artillery rockets


Input: These programs rely heavily upon DPRK and Russian technology and assistance .

assistance

DPRK and Russian


Input: Although since the late 1990s , DPRK technology and assistance have been declining as Russian has been increasing .

assistance

DPRK


Input: There are conflicting indications as to the level of coordination and integration of DPRK and PRC assistance within Iran .

assistance

DPRK and PRC


Input: Some sources suggest that it is very close .

suggest

Some sources

that it is very close


Input: As of late 2003 , Iran possesses the second largest ballistic missile force in the third world ( behind that of the DPRK ) and is on the verge of developing a space launch vehicle and intercontinental ballistic missiles .

developing

Iran

a space launch vehicle and intercontinental ballistic missiles


Input: Since the start of 2004 till the present , Iran has proved that it will not give up on developing its nascent missile production programs .

proved

Iran

that it will not give up on developing its nascent missile production programs

developing

it

its nascent missile production programs

production

missile

nascent

missile production programs


Input: In early 2004 , Iran announced the inauguration of a new liquid - fuel Ra 'ad missile , and initiated production facilities for the short - range , image - guided Kosar missile .

announced

Iran

the inauguration of a new liquid - fuel Ra 'ad missile

production


Input: Any one of a host of international or domestic factors , however , could accelerate or delay these developments .

delay

Any one of a host of international or domestic factors

these developments


Input: These totals could quickly be increased should Iran make the decision to either purchase additional systems from the DPRK or accelerate Shehab-3 production .

increased

These totals

decision

Iran

to either purchase additional systems from the DPRK or accelerate Shehab-3 production

purchase

Iran

additional systems

from the DPRK

production


Input: It is likely that a third brigade equipped with the Shehab-3 will be formed by 2005 .

formed

a third brigade equipped with the Shehab-3


Input: Development of both an indigenous missile design and production capability , and the evolution of a strategic doctrine that foresees Iran as a regional superpower , `` ... a missile power second only to the superpowers , '' and a `` ... center ... '' for other third world nations seeking missile capabilities .

design

missile

production


Input: Iran 's ballistic missile capabilities are complemented by extensive nuclear , biological , and chemical weapons programs , which themselves are the recipients of significant foreign assistance .

assistance

foreign


Input: Primary Function : Production and testing of ballistic missiles ; rocket research , development and production .

Production

of ballistic missiles

production

rocket

testing

of ballistic missiles

research

rocket


Input: China is believed to have assisted in the construction of a ballistic missile plant where scientists carry out research using Russian SS-4 ballistic missile technology and produce other ballistic missile technologies .

assisted

China

in the construction of a ballistic missile plant where scientists carry out research using Russian SS-4 ballistic missile technology and produce other ballistic missile technologies

construction

of a ballistic missile plant where scientists carry out research using Russian SS-4 ballistic missile technology and produce other ballistic missile technologies

research

carry

scientists

research

using

scientists

Russian SS-4 ballistic missile technology

produce

scientists

other ballistic missile technologies


Input: In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20 % of the nation 's congressional districts choose a different party 's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives .

choose

more than 20 % of the nation 's congressional districts

a different party 's candidate

election

presidential


Input: What accounts for the results of recent decades ?

results


Input: 1 ) Voters can `` buy '' one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action , and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest .

buy

Voters

one of two brands

a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action , and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest

select

they

their political agents

action

public

action

remedy

the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest


Input: 2 ) Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues ( programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large ) and attending to local issues ( constituency service and pork barrel ) .

costs

actions

dealing

with national issues ( programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large )


Input: Third , the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office .

making

national policy


Input: Fifth , the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South .

provide

the theory

at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South


Input: Since local benefit-seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress , this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Democratic counterparts .

engage

in local benefit-seeking

Republicans

making

national policy

Since

local benefit-seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress

this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Democratic counterparts


Input: Finally , as shown in the table , Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices .

activities

national policy making

making

national policy


Input: An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 ( when control of that body changed party hands ) , moreover , reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise , due to their majority-party status , over other resources such as committee staff .

decisions

personal staffing

in the Senate

examination

of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 ( when control of that body changed party hands )


Input: At the entrance of the Mansour Hotel , Hall made a brief statement , saying that he came to Iraq because he has heard for a long time about the humanitarian situation here , especially the malnutrition among the Iraqi children and the increasing mortality rate of the children and the elderly .

statement

Hall

saying that he came to Iraq because he has heard for a long time about the humanitarian situation here , especially the malnutrition among the Iraqi children and the increasing mortality rate of the children and the elderly

saying

Hall

that he came to Iraq because he has heard for a long time about the humanitarian situation here , especially the malnutrition among the Iraqi children and the increasing mortality rate of the children and the elderly

came

he

to Iraq

because he has heard for a long time about the humanitarian situation here , especially the malnutrition among the Iraqi children and the increasing mortality rate of the children and the elderly

because

he came to Iraq

he has heard for a long time about the humanitarian situation here , especially the malnutrition among the Iraqi children and the increasing mortality rate of the children and the elderly


Input: However , it has been reported that Hall is expected to meet Iraqi Health Minister Umid Medhat Mubarak and representatives of all international aid organizations working in Iraq .

meet

Hall

Iraqi Health Minister Umid Medhat Mubarak and representatives of all international aid organizations working in Iraq

aid

organizations

international

aid

reported

that Hall is expected to meet Iraqi Health Minister Umid Medhat Mubarak and representatives of all international aid organizations working in Iraq

working

international aid organizations

in Iraq


Input: Iraq has claimed that more than 1.5 million people , mostly children and the elderly , have died of curable diseases due to the decade-long U.N. sanctions .

claimed

Iraq

that more than 1.5 million people , mostly children and the elderly , have died of curable diseases due to the decade-long U.N. sanctions

died

1.5 million people

curable

diseases

1.5 million people

sanctions

U.N.

sanctions


Input: Earlier this year , some 70 U.S. congressmen sent a letter to U. S. President Bill Clinton , calling for an end to the humanitarian crisis in Iraq by having the sanctions lifted .

sent

a letter

some 70 U.S. congressmen

to U. S. President Bill Clinton

calling

for an end to the humanitarian crisis in Iraq by having the sanctions lifted

a letter to U. S. President Bill Clinton

end

to the humanitarian crisis in Iraq

by having the sanctions lifted

lifted

the sanctions

crisis

in Iraq

humanitarian crisis

sanctions

sanctions


Input: `` Hostile and even friendly nations routinely steal information from U.S. companies and share it with their own companies , '' said Noel D. Matchett , a former staffer at the federal National Security Agency and now president of Information Security Inc. , Silver Spring , MD.

steal

Hostile and even friendly nations

information

from U.S. companies

said

`` Hostile and even friendly nations routinely steal information from U.S. companies and share it with their own companies , ''

Noel D. Matchett , a former staffer at the federal National Security Agency and now president of Information Security Inc. , Silver Spring , MD.


Input: Even rank amateurs can do it if they spend a few thousand dollars for a commercially available microwave receiver with amplifier and a VCR recorder .

do

rank amateurs

it


Input: `` You can have a dozen competitors stealing your secrets at the same time , '' Mr . Matchett said , adding : `` It 's a pretty good bet they wo n't get caught .''

competitors

competitors

stealing your secrets

stealing

a dozen competitors

your secrets

your

said

Mr . Matchett

`` You can have a dozen competitors stealing your secrets at the same time , ''

adding

Mr . Matchett

`` It 's a pretty good bet they wo n't get caught .''


Input: No personal computer , not even the one on a chief executive 's desk , is safe , this speaker noted .

on

the one

a chief executive 's desk

noted

this speaker

No personal computer , not even the one on a chief executive 's desk , is safe


Input: Under Mr . Gorbachev , Mr . Goode said , the Soviets are openly stealing Western corporate communications .

said

Mr . Goode

Under Mr . Gorbachev

the Soviets are openly stealing Western corporate communications

stealing

the Soviets

Western corporate communications

communications

Western corporate


Input: Among the responses the Swiss trader got was one from the Soviet national shipping company , which had n't been invited to submit a bid .

responses

the Swiss trader

got

the Swiss trader

Among the responses

invited

to submit a bid


Input: The Soviets ' eavesdropping paid off , however , because they got the contract .

got

they

the contract


Input: When Jerry was released from prison , he knew it would take hard work and determination to straighten out his life .

hard

work


Input: The Trustee referred him to the Blue Triangle where he consulted Goodwill 's Career Academy staff for job search assistance .

job

assistance

job search


Input: Unemployed , homeless and with a prison record , Jerry now faced going back to prison for failure to pay child support .

Unemployed

going

to prison

Jerry


Input: Your support of Goodwill will provide job training and placement services to help the hardest to serve in central Indiana find meaningful employment .

provide

Your support of Goodwill

job training and placement services to help the hardest to serve in central Indiana find meaningful employment

job

employment

training

job

help

the hardest to serve in central Indiana

find meaningful employment

serve


Input: Finally , a passenger reported that an announcement had been made by the `` pilot '' that the plane had been hijacked .

announcement

that the plane had been hijacked

by the `` pilot


Input: During the first broadcast , the captain or first officer could be heard declaring `` Mayday '' amid the sounds of a physical struggle in the cockpit .

declaring

the captain or first officer

Mayday


Input: At 9:32 , a hijacker , probably Jarrah , made or attempted to make the following announcement to the passengers of Flight 93 : '' Ladies and Gentlemen : Here the captain , please sit down keep remaining sitting .

announcement

to the passengers of Flight 93

Ladies and Gentlemen : Here the captain , please sit down keep remaining sitting

a hijacker , probably Jarrah


Input: At the same time , New York Center declared `` ATC zero '' -meaning that aircraft were not permitted to depart from , arrive at , or travel through New York Center 's airspace until further notice .

declared

ATC zero

New York Center


Input: At 9:27 , after having been in the air for 45 minutes , United 93 acknowledged a transmission from the Cleveland Center controller .

acknowledged

a transmission from the Cleveland Center controller

United 93


Input: The Region Commander has declared that we can shoot down aircraft that do not respond to our direction .

declared

The Region Commander

we can shoot down aircraft that do not respond to our direction


Input: The recent wildfires in Los Angeles , California , have burned more than 42,000 acres ( 17,000 hectares ) of land .

wildfires

wildfires

in Los Angeles , California


Input: Nearly 1,000 homes were destroyed , and more than 10,000 residents were evacuated .

destroyed

Nearly 1,000 homes

evacuated

more than 10,000 residents


Input: Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa expressed concerns that Los Angeles was on the verge of a blackout , and California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger has declared the situation a state of emergency .

declared

California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger

the situation

a state of emergency


Input: This massive fire has caused millions of dollars of damage and 13 injuries .

caused

massive fire

millions of dollars of damage and 13 injuries

damage


Input: A spokesman for the college , Scott Craig , described the scene : `` I saw flames about 100 feet high in the air shooting up with the wind just howling .

described

A spokesman for the college , Scott Craig

the scene

I saw flames about 100 feet high in the air shooting up with the wind just howling


Input: North Korea subsequently expanded the complex and built a number of new facilities , including a large plutonium reprocessing plant ( Radiochemistry Laboratory ) .

expanded

North Korea

the complex

built

North Korea

a number of new facilities , including a large plutonium reprocessing plant ( Radiochemistry Laboratory )


Input: In October 2002 , the U.S. State Department informed North Korea that the U.S. was aware of this program , which is a violation of Pyongyang 's nonproliferation commitments .

informed

the U.S. State Department

North Korea

that the U.S. was aware of this program , which is a violation of Pyongyang 's nonproliferation commitments

commitments

Pyongyang 's

nonproliferation


Input: Pyongyang then declared the following month that it was lifting the freeze on its nuclear program , ostensibly to generate electricity .

declared

Pyongyang

that it was lifting the freeze on its nuclear program , ostensibly to generate electricity

lifting

it

the freeze on its nuclear program

generate

electricity


Input: In late December 2002 , North Korean technicians broke seals and disabled cameras that had been installed by the IAEA in order to monitor the freeze .

monitor

the freeze


Input: The IAEA has not been able to verify the completeness and correctness of North Korea 's initial declaration submitted in 1992 , and the Agency cannot verify whether fissile material has been diverted to military use .

verify

the completeness and correctness of North Korea 's initial declaration submitted in 1992

The IAEA

declaration

North Korea 's

use

fissile material

military


Input: The treaty requires a 90-day waiting period , but Pyongyang claimed the withdrawal was effective immediately because 89 days had transpired in 1993 when North Korea initially announced its intention to withdraw before `` suspending its intention to withdraw from the treaty . ''

claimed

Pyongyang

the withdrawal was effective immediately because 89 days had transpired in 1993 when North Korea initially announced its intention to withdraw before `` suspending its intention to withdraw from the treaty . ''

announced

North Korea

its intention to withdraw before `` suspending its intention to withdraw from the treaty . ''


Input: Estimates vary on how soon North Korea could begin operating a uranium enrichment plant , but North Korea probably could not produce significant quantities of weapons-grade HEU until the end of the decade .

begin

North Korea

operating a uranium enrichment plant

produce

North Korea

significant quantities of weapons-grade HEU

end

of the decade

end

operating

North Korea

a uranium enrichment plant


Input: All parties have agreed that they seek a non-nuclear Korean peninsula , but it remains unclear how this objective will be achieved .

achieved

how

this objective


Input: During 19-21 April 2004 , North Korean National Defense Commission Chairman Kim Jong Il visited China and reportedly told Chinese President Hu Jintao that `` the DRPK side will continue to adopt a patient and flexible manner and actively participate in the six-party talks process , and make its own contributions to the progress of the talks . ''

visited

North Korean National Defense Commission Chairman Kim Jong Il

China

told

North Korean National Defense Commission Chairman Kim Jong Il

Chinese President Hu Jintao

that `` the DRPK side will continue to adopt a patient and flexible manner and actively participate in the six-party talks process , and make its own contributions to the progress of the talks

talks

six-party

participate

in the six-party talks process

the DRPK side


Input: Production of biological weapon agents appears to have begun in the early 1980s .

begun

Production of biological weapon agents

in the early 1980s

Production

of biological weapon agents


Input: Reports indicate that North Korea has some 12 CW facilities where raw chemicals , precursors , and actual agents are produced and / or stored , and six major storage depots for CW ordnance .

produced

raw chemicals , precursors , and actual agents


Input: North Korea began its missile development program in the 1970s and tested an `` indigenous '' Scud-B ballistic missile in April 1984 .

began

North Korea

its missile development program

in the 1970s

tested

an `` indigenous '' Scud-B ballistic missile

North Korea


Input: Pyongyang subsequently produced the 500 km - range Scud-C , the 800 km - range Scud-D , and a 1300 km - range missile known as the Nodong .

produced

Pyongyang

the 500 km - range Scud-C , the 800 km - range Scud-D , and a 1300 km - range missile known as the Nodong


Input: North Korea is continuing to develop the so-called `` Taepodong-2 , '' which is estimated to have intercontinental range .

develop

North Korea

the so-called `` Taepodong-2 , '' which is estimated to have intercontinental range


Input: The Taepodong-2 has not been flight-tested , but U.S. intelligence analysts believe it could be ready for testing at any time . Pyongyang has deployed as many as 600 - 750 ballistic missiles , including about 175 - 200 Nodongs .

flight-tested

The Taepodong-2

testing

deployed

Pyongyang

as many as 600 - 750 ballistic missiles , including about 175 - 200 Nodongs

analysts

analysts

ready

it

for testing


Input: Countries developing clandestine nuclear weapons programs usually go to great lengths to conceal information about these programs from the outside world .

developing

Countries

clandestine nuclear weapons programs


Input: Gradually , a fuzzy picture emerges from the analysis , albeit with some gaps in understanding .

emerges

a fuzzy picture

from the analysis

analysis


Input: Analytic tools include examining statements and articles in the news media , government reports including unclassified intelligence estimates , interviewing insiders who have had access to information about the clandestine program , reviewing secondary sources such as reports by analysts , and making scientific calculations based on the best available information about a country 's nuclear infrastructure .

statements

in the news media

analysts

analysts

Analytic

tools

examining

statements and articles in the news media


Input: Weapons programs can be based on indigenous ( i.e. , domestic ) production capabilities , or they can rely on foreign supplies and technologies .

production


Input: An advanced weapons program would require the capability to manufacture tritium , a radioactive gas that can be used to enhance the explosive power of nuclear weapons , for fabrication of boosted - yield weapons .

manufacture

tritium , a radioactive gas that can be used to enhance the explosive power of nuclear weapons

fabrication

of boosted - yield weapons

used

tritium , a radioactive gas

that

to enhance the explosive power of nuclear weapons


Input: The Natural Resources Defense Council has estimated that a country with a `` high technical capability '' could require as little as 1kg of weapons - grade plutonium or 2.5kg HEU to produce a one kiloton bomb .

produce

a one kiloton bomb

a country with a `` high technical capability ''