Input: In both countries , Hashemi - Rafsanjani secured increased military assistance and agreements to sell Iranian missiles and engage in bilateral missile technology exchanges .

secured

Hashemi - Rafsanjani

increased military assistance and agreements to sell Iranian missiles and engage in bilateral missile technology exchanges

assistance

military

sell

Iranian missiles

exchanges

bilateral

missile technology


Input: The continued delivery of HN-5A and HQ-1/2 SAMs .

delivery

of HN-5A and HQ-1/2 SAMs


Input: Technology transfer and long - term assistance in the development of Iranian ballistic missiles and artillery rockets .

transfer

Technology

assistance

in the development of Iranian ballistic missiles and artillery rockets


Input: The visit to the DPRK was equally fruitful , and he secured DPRK assistance in the following missile - related areas : The delivery of HN-5A SAMs and assistance in establishing an assembly facility for these and the HQ-1/2 SAMs .

visit

to the DPRK

secured

he

DPRK assistance in the following missile - related areas : The delivery of HN-5A SAMs and assistance in establishing an assembly facility for these and the HQ-1/2 SAMs

assistance

DPRK

in the following missile - related areas : The delivery of HN-5A SAMs and assistance in establishing an assembly facility for these and the HQ-1/2 SAMs

delivery

of HN-5A SAMs

establishing

an assembly facility for these and the HQ-1/2 SAMs


Input: Beginning in June 1986 , Iran initiated isolated Scud-B attacks against Baghdad and Kirkuk .

attacks

Scud-B

against Baghdad and Kirkuk

Iran

initiated

Iran

isolated Scud-B attacks against Baghdad and Kirkuk

Beginning

in June 1986

Iran initiated isolated Scud-B attacks against Baghdad and Kirkuk


Input: The agreement called for the supply of Hwasong-5 missiles , TELs , and HY-1 silkworm coastal defense missiles , and assistance in establishing first an assembly and then production capability for the Hwasong-5 in Iran .

supply

of Hwasong-5 missiles , TELs , and HY-1 silkworm coastal defense missiles

assistance

in establishing first an assembly and then production capability for the Hwasong-5 in Iran

establishing

first an assembly and then production capability for the Hwasong-5 in Iran

assembly

production


Input: In 1987 , the Missile Unit of the IRGC Air Force fired 18 Shehab-1 missiles , increasing to 40 the total number launched against Iraq to date .

increasing

to 40

the total number launched against Iraq to date

the total number launched against Iraq to date


Input: This probably depleted their inventory of missiles obtained from Libya and Syria .

obtained

missiles

from Libya and Syria


Input: In 1988 , Colonel Rahimi , First Deputy Minister of Defense , stated `` ... We have also succeeded in manufacturing missiles with a range of 320km . ''

stated

Colonel Rahimi , First Deputy Minister of Defense

`` ... We have also succeeded in manufacturing missiles with a range of 320km . ''

manufacturing

We

missiles with a range of 320km


Input: This attack was in response to a major air attack on an oil refinery in Tehran two days earlier .

attack

response

This attack

to a major air attack on an oil refinery in Tehran two days earlier


Input: The Iranians tacitly agreed and the War of the Cities was over .

over

the War of the Cities


Input: On 8 August 1988 , after eight years of bitter fighting and tens of thousands of casualties , the Iran - Iraq war came to a formal end .

fighting

war

Iran - Iraq

end

On 8 August 1988

after eight years of bitter fighting and tens of thousands of casualties

the Iran - Iraq war


Input: Iran had not only been defeated on the battlefield , it had , more significantly , been defeated at home .

on

the battlefield

Iran had not only been defeated


Input: This effort has relied heavily upon PRC assistance .

assistance

PRC


Input: Sometime during 1988 , it is believed that the PRC agreed to assist Iran modernize and expand its facilities at Parchin and Semnan to enable the design and manufacture of solid fuel artillery rockets and missiles of indigenous design .

assist

PRC

Iran

modernize and expand its facilities at Parchin and Semnan to enable the design and manufacture of solid fuel artillery rockets and missiles of indigenous design

expand

Iran

its facilities

design

of solid fuel artillery rockets and missiles of indigenous design

manufacture

of solid fuel artillery rockets and missiles of indigenous design


Input: Initially it was believed that these facilities would eventually assemble and then produce the M-9/DF-15 and M-11/DF-11 .

produce

these facilities

the M-9/DF-15 and M-11/DF-11

assemble

these facilities

the M-9/DF-15 and M-11/DF-11


Input: As part of this effort , agreements were reportedly concluded between Iran and the PRC during 1991, 1992 , and 1993 to provide Iran with technology , components , and complete M-9/11 missiles .

provide

Iran and the PRC

Iran

with technology , components , and complete M-9/11 missiles


Input: Available information suggests that , with the exception of possibly one - two prototypes , the PRC has not delivered complete M-9/11 missiles to Iran .

delivered

the PRC

complete M-9/11 missiles

to Iran


Input: As a result of these agreements , the PRC refocused its efforts on assisting Iran with its indigenous short - range solid fuel systems .

assisting

Iran

with its indigenous short - range solid fuel systems


Input: This assistance has included the sale of production and missile component technologies , training of personnel , construction of the Shahrud Missile Test Facility , and the assembly and production of the M-7 ( a.k.a. , CSS-8 , 8610 or B610 ) .

assistance

sale

of production and missile component technologies

production

training

of personnel

construction

of the Shahrud Missile Test Facility


Input: During the war , Iran 's liquid fuel program had initially focused upon the production of a reverse - engineered Scud-Bs .

war

production

of a reverse - engineered Scud-Bs


Input: During mid - 2001 , Iran is reported to have initiated a comprehensive review and reorganization of its diverse rocket and missile development programs .

reported

Iran

to have initiated a comprehensive review and reorganization of its diverse rocket and missile development programs


Input: This effort is believed to have been initiated in an effort to prioritize and rationalize the entire development and production infrastructure and reduce costs .

production

reduce

costs

costs


Input: Other sources suggest that while Iran is receiving assistance from both the PRC and DPRK with their missile programs , the two countries are working independently , but in coordination .

suggest

Other sources

that while Iran is receiving assistance from both the PRC and DPRK with their missile programs , the two countries are working independently , but in coordination

receiving

Iran

assistance from both the PRC and DPRK with their missile programs

from both the PRC and DPRK

assistance

from both the PRC and DPRK

with their missile programs


Input: While the level of assistance provided by Russian entities since the early 1990s is significant , it is presently unclear as to the level of cooperation and coordination among the various Russian , PRC , and DPRK entities within Iran .

assistance

cooperation

among the various Russian , PRC , and DPRK entities

provided

by Russian entities

the level of assistance


Input: Iran 's post - war missile programs have also benefited at times from bilateral cooperation with Pakistan and the acquisition of production hardware , non - restricted components , and restricted components from the former Soviet Union ( e.g. , Belarus , Ukraine , Kazakhstan , and Uzbekistan ) and European countries .

war

cooperation

with Pakistan

acquisition

of production hardware , non - restricted components , and restricted components

from the former Soviet Union ( e.g. , Belarus , Ukraine , Kazakhstan , and Uzbekistan ) and European countries

production


Input: These personnel have the potential to bring back a tremendous wealth of technical expertise and experience .

bring

These personnel

back

a tremendous wealth of technical expertise and experience


Input: By 2000 , Iran 's ballistic missile effort would become the `` ... the largest in the Middle East ... '' and would rival that of the DPRK in size and scope .

become

Iran 's ballistic missile effort

the `` ... the largest in the Middle East ... ''


Input: Iranian Defense and Foreign Ministry officials continue to defend Iran 's right to protect itself from potential threats in the region , while denying any ill intent towards countries such as the United States .

threats

in the region


Input: As of early September 2004 , Iran was cited as testing its Shehab-3 missile for a second time , further proving its persistence to test and develop its extended range missile capabilities .

cited

Iran

as testing its Shehab-3 missile for a second time

testing

its Shehab-3 missile

test

its

its extended range missile capabilities

develop

its extended range missile capabilities

its


Input: US officials ' growing concerns about Iran 's pursuit of weapons of mass destruction capabilities were heightened by the latest test of the Shehab-3 on October 20 .

test

of the Shehab-3


Input: This test occurred just days before a meeting was to take place between Iran and European officials to discuss Iran 's nuclear program .

test

meeting

between Iran and European officials

discuss

Iran 's nuclear program


Input: The test appeared to be Iran 's message to the international community that it can not and will not be bullied .

test


Input: Iran currently possesses the capability to employ ballistic missiles and/or long - range artillery rockets against its regional neighbors , Israel and US forces deployed in the region .

employ

Iran

ballistic missiles and/or long - range artillery rockets

against its regional neighbors , Israel and US forces deployed in the region

deployed

Israel and US forces

in the region


Input: A true nuclear weapons delivery capability could be obtained within the next five years .

delivery

nuclear weapons

obtained

A true nuclear weapons delivery capability


Input: Each brigade is believed to have an operational test and evaluation responsibility for its respective missile systems .

test

for its respective missile systems


Input: There may also exist a small number of independent Shehab-2 or -3 units of battalion size .

exist

a small number of independent Shehab-2 or -3 units of battalion size


Input: There are also an unknown number of long - range artillery rocket units , some perhaps of brigade size .

are

an unknown number of long - range artillery rocket units , some perhaps of brigade size


Input: US - led Operations Desert Storm and Iraqi Freedom -- while first reducing and then eliminating the military threat from Iraq -- have also crystallized within the Iranian military and political leadership the concepts on ballistic and cruise missiles and long - range artillery rockets : they are essential tools on the modern battlefield ; key elements in regional power status and prestige ; and essential to deter Israel and the United States from aggressive actions against Iran .

reducing

the military threat from Iraq

US - led Operations Desert Storm and Iraqi Freedom

eliminating

US - led Operations Desert Storm and Iraqi Freedom

the military threat

from Iraq

actions


Input: Primary among these are : The continued willingness of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , the People's Republic of China ( PRC ) , and Russia to provide Iran with both missiles and missile - related technology that at the very least exceed the intentions of the Missile Technology Control Regime ( MTCR ) .

provide

the Democratic People's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , the People's Republic of China ( PRC ) , and Russia

Iran

with both missiles and missile - related technology that at the very least exceed the intentions of the Missile Technology Control Regime ( MTCR )


Input: The missile site in Tehran appears to be a network of related facilities , apparently located at Fajr Air Base , east of Tehran .

located

a network of related facilities

at Fajr Air Base


Input: There also appears to be a Chinese - built ballistic missile test range as part of the facilities in Tehran .

built

Chinese

ballistic missile test range


Input: In addition , it is probable that there is a facility that researches , develops and produces Chinese C-802 Saccade missiles .

researches

Chinese C-802 Saccade missiles

a facility

that

develops

Chinese C-802 Saccade missiles

a facility

that

produces

Chinese C-802 Saccade missiles

a facility

that


Input: A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth .

explanation

for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth

provide

A simple economic theory

at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth


Input: 3 ) Republican congressional representatives , because of their belief in a minimalist state , are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress .

engage

Republican congressional representatives

in local benefit-seeking

of

their belief in a minimalist state

Republican congressional representatives

are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress


Input: If they put a Republican into office , not only will they acquire less in terms of local benefits but their selected legislator will be relatively powerless to prevent other legislators from `` bringing home the bacon '' to their respective constituencies .

put

they

a Republican

into office

acquire

they

less in terms of local benefits

prevent

their selected legislator

other legislators

from `` bringing home the bacon '' to their respective constituencies

bringing

other legislators

the bacon

to their respective constituencies

home

selected

legislator


Input: Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter 's particular district/state , such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits .

preventing

such a president

other districts/states and their legislators

from bringing home the local benefits

bringing

other districts/states and their legislators

home

the local benefits


Input: First , why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century : Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal , government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner 's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe .

election

of Franklin Roosevelt

as president


Input: Second , it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives : Any individual legislator 's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency .

doing

every other legislator

likewise

cost

associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency


Input: For example , first-term members of the House , once the most vulnerable of incumbents , have become virtually immune to defeat .

become

first-term members of the House , once the most vulnerable of incumbents

virtually immune to defeat


Input: The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982 .

revolution

brought

the 52 freshman Republicans

into office

by the Reagan revolution


Input: Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making , they were more vulnerable to defeat .

making

national policy

Because

these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making

they were more vulnerable to defeat


Input: Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent .

discouraged

Potential candidates

from running

less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent


Input: Is there any empirical support for this theory ?

Is

any empirical support for this theory


Input: First , economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10 % more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do .

find

economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo

that GOP senators turn back roughly 10 % more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do


Input: Second , if the key assumption is valid , Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit-seeking .

participating

in such votes

making

national policy

takes

participating in such votes

from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit-seeking


Input: An additional piece of evidence from the Senate : Holding other factors constant , such as incumbency advantages and regional factors , the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government 's tax burden is per state ( a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder ) .

election

Senate


Input: Mr. Zupan teaches at the University of Southern California 's business school .

teaches

Mr. Zupan

business


Input: U.S. Congressman Tony Hall arrived here Sunday evening , becoming the first U.S. lawmaker to visit Iraq since the 1991 Gulf War .

arrived

U.S. Congressman Tony Hall

here

visit

Iraq

the first U.S. lawmaker

becoming

the first U.S. lawmaker to visit Iraq since the 1991 Gulf War

U.S. Congressman Tony Hall

War


Input: He also said that his visit will mainly focus on the humanitarian situation of Iraq , which has been under crippling U.N. sanctions since its 1990 invasion of Kuwait , the primacord of the 1991 Gulf War .

said

He

that his visit will mainly focus on the humanitarian situation of Iraq , which has been under crippling U.N. sanctions since its 1990 invasion of Kuwait , the primacord of the 1991 Gulf War

visit

his

War

sanctions

sanctions

U.N.

Iraq

since its 1990 invasion

of Kuwait


Input: `` The visit is not a political visit , it is a visit of humanitarian concerns , '' he added .

visit

added

he

`` The visit is not a political visit , it is a visit of humanitarian concerns , ''


Input: `` There are a lot of issues I want to take a look at , but the issue of humanitarian concerns is number one , '' he said .

are

a lot of issues I want to take a look at

look

I

at

a lot of issues

said

he

`` There are a lot of issues I want to take a look at , but the issue of humanitarian concerns is number one , ''


Input: My concern is with the Red Cross , the ( Iraqi) Red Crescent , to see what they have to show me , to see with my own eyes and make up my own mind . ''

show

me

they

what


Input: Iraq has accused the U.S. , which vehemently opposes the lifting of the sanctions against Iraq , of using the sanctions as a tool to contain the Iraqi regime headed by President Saddam Hussein .

lifting

of the sanctions against Iraq

sanctions

against Iraq

sanctions

using

the sanctions

as a tool to contain the Iraqi regime headed by President Saddam Hussein

the U.S.

contain

the Iraqi regime headed by President Saddam Hussein

accused

Iraq

the U.S.

of using the sanctions as a tool to contain the Iraqi regime headed by President Saddam Hussein


Input: Electronic theft by foreign and industrial spies and disgruntled employees is costing U.S. companies billions and eroding their international competitive advantage .

theft

Electronic

by foreign and industrial spies and disgruntled employees

competitive

international

advantage

their


Input: It `` may well be '' that theft of business data is `` as serious a strategic threat to national security '' as it is a threat to the survival of victimized U.S. firms , said Michelle Van Cleave , the White House 's assistant director for National Security Affairs .

theft

of business data

said

Michelle Van Cleave , the White House 's assistant director for National Security Affairs

It `` may well be '' that theft of business data is `` as serious a strategic threat to national security '' as it is a threat to the survival of victimized U.S. firms


Input: The conference was jointly sponsored by the New York Institute of Technology School of Management and the Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association , a joint industry-government trade group .

conference

trade

industry-government


Input: The only way to catch an electronic thief , he said , is to set him up with erroneous information .

thief

electronic

thief

said

he

The only way to catch an electronic thief

is to set him up with erroneous information


Input: Even though electronic espionage may cost U.S. firms billions of dollars a year , most are n't yet taking precautions , the experts said .

said

the experts

Even though electronic espionage may cost U.S. firms billions of dollars a year , most are n't yet taking precautions


Input: Already many foreign firms , especially banks , have their own cryptographers , conference speakers reported .

conference

reported

conference speakers

Already many foreign firms , especially banks , have their own cryptographers


Input: One expert , whose job is so politically sensitive that he spoke on condition that he would n't be named or quoted , said the expected influx of East European refugees over the next few years will greatly increase the chances of computer-maintenance workers , for example , doubling as foreign spies .

job

One expert

whose

spoke

he

said

One expert

whose job is so politically sensitive that he spoke on condition that he would n't be named or quoted

the expected influx of East European refugees over the next few years will greatly increase the chances of computer-maintenance workers , for example , doubling as foreign spies

influx

of East European refugees


Input: W. Mark Goode , president of Micronyx Inc. , a Richardson , Texas , firm that makes computer-security products , provided a new definition for Mikhail Gorbachev 's campaign for greater openness , known commonly as glasnost .

makes

Micronyx Inc. , a Richardson , Texas , firm

computer-security products

provided

W. Mark Goode

a new definition for Mikhail Gorbachev 's campaign for greater openness , known commonly as glasnost


Input: He knew he had made a bad mistake , but despite his commitment to rebuilding his life , he just did n't count on the obstacles that would be thrown up in his path .

made

he

a bad mistake

commitment

his

to rebuilding his life

thrown

in his path

the obstacles

that


Input: He went to the Center Township Trustee for food stamps until he could find a job and a place to live .

went

He

to the Center Township Trustee

job

he


Input: Jerry 's Goodwill caseworker found him a job immediately .

job


Input: But Jerry 's troubles did n't end there .

end

Jerry 's troubles


Input: The seasonal construction job he obtained soon ended , and he returned to Career Academy for help once more .

construction

job

construction

obtained

he

The seasonal construction job

ended

The seasonal construction job he obtained

soon

returned

he

to Career Academy

for help

help


Input: With unemployment at its lowest point in years in central Indiana , many people still have a hard time finding meaningful employment .

hard

many people

time finding meaningful employment

employment


Input: Of the more than 42,000 people Goodwill served in 1999 , over 5,000 of them have multiple barriers to finding and keeping a job .

served

Goodwill

the more than 42,000 people

job


Input: For as long as he needs it , Goodwill will continue to help .

help

Goodwill


Input: That message and all subsequent attempts to contact the flight were not acknowledged .

acknowledged

That message and all subsequent attempts to contact the flight


Input: At 8:41 , in American 's operations center , a colleague told Marquis that the air traffic controllers declared Flight 11 a hijacking and `` think he 's [ American 11 ] headed toward Kennedy [ airport in New York City ] .

declared

the air traffic controllers

Flight 11

a hijacking

think he 's [ American 11 ] headed toward Kennedy [ airport in New York City


Input: The eyewitness accounts came from calls made from the rear of the plane , from passengers originally seated further forward in the cabin , a sign that passengers and perhaps crew had been moved to the back of the aircraft .

calls

from passengers originally seated further forward in the cabin


Input: While it apparently was not heard by the passengers , this announcement , like those on Flight 11 and Flight 77 , was intended to deceive them .

announcement


Input: By 10:03 , when United 93 crashed in Pennsylvania , there had been no mention of its hijacking and the FAA had not yet been added to the teleconference .

mention

of its hijacking


Input: Los Angeles wildfires are nearly contained

wildfires

Los Angeles

wildfires


Input: In terms of property damage , this fire is the worst since the Bel Air fire in 1961 .

damage

property


Input: In Montecito , a census-designated place in Santa Barbara County , the homes of many celebrities , including Steven Spielberg , Steve Martin , Eric Schmidt , and Rob Lowe , have been destroyed .

destroyed

the homes of many celebrities , including Steven Spielberg , Steve Martin , Eric Schmidt , and Rob Lowe


Input: Santa Ana winds with gusts up to 70 mph exacerbated the Montecito fire , which destroyed over 100 buildings and damaged many others , including Westmont College .

destroyed

the Montecito fire

which

over 100 buildings

damaged

the Montecito fire

which

many others , including Westmont College


Input: The college 's 1000 students were forced to take shelter in the gymnasium .

students

students

forced

The college 's 1000 students

to take shelter in the gymnasium


Input: Officials now report that firefighters are making some progress .

report

Officials

that firefighters are making some progress


Input: Officials have lifted the evacuation order for Chino Hills as well .

lifted

Officials

the evacuation order for Chino Hills as well

evacuation


Input: North Korea established a nuclear energy research complex at Yongbyon in 1964 and set up a Soviet research reactor at the site in mid-2002 .

research

nuclear energy

established

North Korea

a nuclear energy research complex

set

North Korea

a Soviet research reactor


Input: North Korea signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons ( NPT ) in 1985 but did not submit to International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) inspections until May 1992 .

signed

North Korea

the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons ( NPT )

inspections

International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA )


Input: Discrepancies between North Korean declarations and IAEA inspection findings indicate that North Korea might have reprocessed enough plutonium for one or two nuclear weapons .

declarations

North Korean

inspection

IAEA


Input: According to a December 2001 National Intelligence Council report , the U.S. intelligence community ascertained in the mid-1990s that North Korea had produced one , possibly two , nuclear weapons .

ascertained

the U.S. intelligence community

that North Korea had produced one , possibly two , nuclear weapons

produced

North Korea

one , possibly two , nuclear weapons


Input: On 10 January 2003 , North Korea declared its withdrawal from the NPT .

declared

North Korea

its withdrawal from the NPT


Input: On 12 May 2003 , North Korea declared that the `` Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula '' of 20 January 1992 was no longer valid because of `` violations by the United States '' [ Note : the U.S was not a signatory ] .

declared

North Korea

that the `` Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula '' of 20 January 1992 was no longer valid because of `` violations by the United States ''

signatory

the U.S

Note

the U.S was not a signatory


Input: In April 2003 , Egyptian customs officials intercepted 22 tons of aluminum tubing from Germany that would likely have been used for a pilot cascade of about 100-200 gas centrifuges , which indicates North Korea is probably not yet ready to begin operation of a large-scale plant .

used

22 tons of aluminum tubing from Germany that

for a pilot cascade of about 100-200 gas centrifuges

operation

of a large-scale plant

North Korea

begin

North Korea

operation of a large-scale plant

ready

to begin operation of a large-scale plant

North Korea


Input: Since April 2003 , multilateral talks have been held in Beijing to resolve the nuclear crisis .

talks

multilateral

resolve

the nuclear crisis


Input: All parties have agreed that they seek a non - nuclear Korean peninsula , but it remains unclear how this objective will be achieved .

achieved

how

this objective


Input: During 19-21 April 2004 , North Korean National Defense Commission Chairman Kim Jong Il visited China and reportedly told Chinese President Hu Jintao that `` the DRPK side will continue to adopt a patient and flexible manner and actively participate in the six - party talks process , and make its own contributions to the progress of the talks . ''

talks

participate

in the six - party talks process

the DRPK side

told

Chinese President Hu Jintao

that `` the DRPK side will continue to adopt a patient and flexible manner and actively participate in the six - party talks process , and make its own contributions to the progress of the talks . ''

North Korean National Defense Commission Chairman Kim Jong Il

visited

North Korean National Defense Commission Chairman Kim Jong Il

China

contributions

to the progress of the talks

its own

the DRPK side


Input: The United States is insisting on the `` complete , verifiable and irreversible dismantlement ( CVID) ) '' of the North Korean nuclear program before addressing North Korean security and economic concerns .

insisting

The United States

on the `` complete , verifiable and irreversible dismantlement ( CVID) ) '' of the North Korean nuclear program before addressing North Korean security and economic concerns

dismantlement

of the North Korean nuclear program

complete

dismantlement

verifiable

dismantlement


Input: Although Pyongyang acceded to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention ( BWC ) in 1970s , North Korea is suspected of having a biological weapon ( BW ) program .

acceded

Pyongyang

to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention ( BWC )


Input: To date , North Korea has likely developed and produced anthrax bacteria , botulinum toxin , and plague bacteria .

produced

anthrax bacteria , botulinum toxin , and plague bacteria

North Korea

developed


Input: North Korea 's chemical weapon ( CW ) production capability is estimated to be about 4,500 tons per year , though this could increase to 12,000 tons per year in case of war .

production

chemical weapon ( CW )

war


Input: North Korea also has placed thousands of artillery systems -- including multiple launch rocket systems that are particularly effective for CW delivery -- within reach of the Demilitarized Zone ( DMZ ) and Seoul .

placed

North Korea

thousands of artillery systems -- including multiple launch rocket systems that are particularly effective for CW delivery --

within reach of the Demilitarized Zone ( DMZ ) and Seoul

delivery

CW

multiple launch rocket systems


Input: Pyongyang has not signed the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC ) .

signed

Pyongyang

the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC )


Input: In August 1998 , North Korea flight-tested the Paektusan-1 ( Taepodong-1 ) in a failed attempt to place a small satellite into earth orbit .

place

a small satellite

into earth orbit

North Korea

flight-tested

North Korea

the Paektusan-1 ( Taepodong-1 )


Input: In December 2002 , Spanish and American naval forces intercepted a North Korean ship loaded with Scud missiles , but then allowed the ship to proceed to deliver the missiles to Yemen .

loaded

a North Korean ship

with Scud missiles

allowed

Spanish and American naval forces

the ship

to proceed to deliver the missiles to Yemen

deliver

the ship

the missiles

to Yemen


Input: In late January 2004 , North Korea and Nigeria reportedly agreed to a missile deal , but Nigeria backed out of the agreement in early February under U.S. pressure .

pressure

U.S.


Input: The resulting analysis can set bounds on the uncertainties , while producing a range of estimates of the country 's capabilities .

producing

The resulting analysis

a range of estimates of the country 's capabilities

analysis


Input: Nuclear weapons programs require specialized materials , facilities , equipment , and training in order to produce the raw material for weapons -- either highly enriched uranium ( HEU ) or plutonium -- and then to fabricate explosive devices using this fissile material .

training

produce

the raw material for weapons -- either highly enriched uranium ( HEU ) or plutonium --

fabricate

explosive devices

using

this fissile material


Input: However , all countries known to have successfully acquired nuclear weapons have done so primarily on the basis of indigenously produced fissile material .

acquired

nuclear weapons

all countries

done

so

all countries known to have successfully acquired nuclear weapons have

produced

fissile material

indigenously


Input: While countries may seek to develop all of these capabilities on an independent , indigenous basis , they can and often do seek some inputs from foreign sources .

develop

countries

all of these capabilities


Input: For example , they may purchase raw or milled uranium ore from abroad , and then use indigenous facilities to enrich it to weapons - grade material .

purchase

they

raw or milled uranium ore

from abroad

use

indigenous facilities

to enrich it to weapons - grade material

they


Input: In the case of North Korea , determining the status of its nuclear weapons program is especially difficult .

difficult

determining the status of its nuclear weapons program


Input: As an extremely isolated and secretive state , North Korea provides few signals of the existence -- let alone the extent -- of its nuclear weapons program .

existence

of its nuclear weapons program

provides

North Korea

few signals of the existence -- let alone the extent -- of its nuclear weapons program