Input: Khan sold 10 centrifuges to North Korea .

sold

Khan

10 centrifuges

to North Korea


Input: The US invasion of Afghanistan prevented Al-Qaida from attacking Ryad in 2002 .

prevented

The US invasion of Afghanistan

Al-Qaida

from attacking Ryad in 2002

attacking

Ryad

Al-Qaida


Input: Many soldiers were killed in the ambush .

ambush

killed

Many soldiers

ambush


Input: QN : Were all soldiers killed in the ambush ?

killed

all soldiers

ambush

ambush


Input: Iraq clears visit by Ohio official By Scott Montgomery

visit

by Ohio official


Input: The Iraqi government has agreed to let U.S. Rep . Tony Hall visit the country next week to assess a humanitarian crisis that has festered since the Gulf War of 1990 , Hall 's office said Monday .

agreed

The Iraqi government

to let U.S. Rep . Tony Hall visit the country next week to assess a humanitarian crisis that has festered since the Gulf War of 1990

let

The Iraqi government

U.S. Rep . Tony Hall

visit the country next week to assess a humanitarian crisis that has festered since the Gulf War of 1990

said

Hall 's office

The Iraqi government has agreed to let U.S. Rep . Tony Hall visit the country next week to assess a humanitarian crisis that has festered since the Gulf War of 1990

crisis

humanitarian

War

visit

U.S. Rep . Tony Hall

the country

to assess a humanitarian crisis that has festered since the Gulf War of 1990


Input: The Dayton Democrat , who has traveled to other crisis points including Sierra Leone and North Korea , will spend three days visiting hospitals and other facilities to seek understanding why aid has been ineffective in stemming malnourishment and other medical problems .

traveled

The Dayton Democrat

who

to other crisis points including Sierra Leone and North Korea

aid

aid

visiting

The Dayton Democrat , who has traveled to other crisis points including Sierra Leone and North Korea

hospitals and other facilities

to seek understanding why aid has been ineffective in stemming malnourishment and other medical problems

crisis

points including Sierra Leone and North Korea


Input: Iraq has been under economic sanctions since the war ended , which some say have thwarted the country 's ability to recover from the devastation of the bombing campaign .

war

say

some

have thwarted the country 's ability to recover from the devastation of the bombing campaign

economic sanctions

which

devastation

of the bombing campaign

bombing

sanctions

sanctions

Iraq

ended

the war


Input: The Persian Gulf War destroyed much of the country 's medical infrastructure , according to a report by the World Health Organization .

War

destroyed

The Persian Gulf War

much of the country 's medical infrastructure


Input: In 1996 the WHO found that much of the population existed in a state of `` semi starvation .''

found

the WHO

that much of the population existed in a state of `` semi starvation

starvation

existed

much of the population


Input: Hall will be only the second member of Congress to travel in Iraq since the war , according to Hall 's office .

travel

in Iraq

the second member of Congress

war


Input: The last visitor was then- U.S. Rep . Bill Richardson of New Mexico , who went to help a pair of U.S. oilmen in diplomatic trouble .

visitor

visitor

went

then- U.S. Rep . Bill Richardson of New Mexico

who

help

a pair of U.S. oilmen in diplomatic trouble

then- U.S. Rep . Bill Richardson of New Mexico

who


Input: Hall is to return to Washington on April 22 .

return

to Washington

Hall


Input: In the 1950s , the Shah initiated Iran 's nuclear research program and developed an ambitious plan to produce 23,000 MW from nuclear power by the end of the century .

research

nuclear

produce

the Shah

23,000 MW

from nuclear power

developed

the Shah

an ambitious plan to produce 23,000 MW from nuclear power by the end of the century

initiated

In the 1950s

the Shah

Iran 's nuclear research program


Input: The program was revived later in the decade , when strategic interests began to drive the nuclear program .

began


Input: Under the Khomeini regime , Iran 's nuclear program steadily grew on all fronts and stages of the nuclear fuel cycle , with a particular emphasis on developing and strengthening indigenous capabilities .

developing

indigenous capabilities


Input: The most alarming developments were revealed in 2002 - 03 , during which time Iran admitted to having construction plans for two enrichment facilities , a heavy water production plant , a fuel fabrication plant , and undertaken research into conversion and enrichment activities ( including centrifuges and possibly lasers ) .

revealed

The most alarming developments

admitted

Iran

to having construction plans for two enrichment facilities , a heavy water production plant , a fuel fabrication plant , and undertaken research into conversion and enrichment activities ( including centrifuges and possibly lasers )

production

heavy water

fabrication

fuel

research

into conversion and enrichment activities ( including centrifuges and possibly lasers

Iran

activities

construction

conversion


Input: On 19 August 2003 , Iran began testing a ten - machine cascade at the Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant at Natanz with uranium hexafluoride ( UF6 ) .

began

On 19 August 2003

Iran

testing a ten - machine cascade at the Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant at Natanz with uranium hexafluoride ( UF6 )

testing

Iran

a ten - machine cascade


Input: The Shah set his goal high : `` ... get , as soon as possible , 23,000 MW from nuclear power stations . ''

get

23,000 MW

from nuclear power stations


Input: In 1968 , Iran signed the NPT in an effort to speed up its negotiations for nuclear agreements , particularly with the United States .

signed

Iran

the NPT

negotiations

for nuclear agreements

its

particularly with the United States


Input: In 1970 , the government ratified the NPT and its obligations went into force .

ratified

the government

the NPT


Input: In the five years that followed , Iran concluded several contracts for the construction of nuclear plants and the supply of nuclear fuel : with the United States in 1974 ; Germany in 1976 ; and France in 1977 .

construction

of nuclear plants

supply

of nuclear fuel


Input: In 1976 , Iran also purchased a stake in Eurodif 's ( the European consortium ) Tricastin uranium enrichment plant in France and purchased a stake in the RTZ uranium mine in Rossing , Namibia .

purchased

Iran

a stake in Eurodif 's ( the European consortium ) Tricastin uranium enrichment plant in France


Input: In addition to his grand plans for nuclear power , the Shah placed a great emphasis on establishing and developing a nuclear research program .

establishing

a nuclear research program

developing

a nuclear research program

research

nuclear


Input: According to former head of AEOI , Akbar Etemad , the Shah 's interest in nuclear technology did not involve military applications , in fact the Shah `` considered it absurd , under the existing circumstances , to embark on anything else but a purely civilian program . ''

existing

circumstances


Input: And , despite Akbar Etemad 's beliefs , the Western intelligence community had long suspected that the Shah 's nuclear scientists conducted research into military applications .

research

the Shah 's nuclear scientists

into military applications

conducted

the Shah 's nuclear scientists

research into military applications


Input: Suspected activities at the TNRC include nuclear weapons design , plutonium extraction and laser - enrichment research .

activities

research

laser - enrichment

design

nuclear weapons


Input: Additionally , the insufficiency of the existing electrical infrastructure and dwindling oil revenues contributed to the withdrawal of foreign suppliers from Iran and the abandonment of nuclear power agreements .

existing

electrical infrastructure

suppliers

suppliers


Input: Iran 's only nuclear power plants in 1979 were the two plants under construction at Bushehr , under contract with Germany 's Siemens .

construction

the two plants

at Bushehr


Input: The weapons research side of Iran 's nuclear activities seemed to have continued uninterrupted by the revolution , and received a major boost when a new nuclear research center opened at Isfahan in 1984 .

research

weapons

activities

Iran 's

revolution


Input: In addition to feeling threatened by Iraq 's growing nuclear program , these attacks may explain why the Khomeini government ultimately resumed its efforts to continue Iran 's nuclear power program and strengthen its existing nuclear research program -- and ultimately to develop nuclear weapons .

attacks

existing

nuclear research program

research

nuclear

develop

nuclear weapons

its


Input: As the Cold War ended , the strategic environment around Iran changed .

ended

the Cold War


Input: After the 1979 hostage crisis at the US embassy in Tehran , the United States withdrew its support from Iran , cut all nuclear cooperation agreements , and , in fact , supported Iraq during the war .

withdrew

the United States

its support

from Iran

cooperation

nuclear

war


Input: China , North Korea , and , to a certain extent , Syria emerged as major suppliers of conventional arms to Iran .

emerged

China , North Korea , and , to a certain extent , Syria

suppliers

suppliers

of conventional arms

to Iran


Input: Help from China and North Korea , however , was not limited to conventional weaponry .

Help

from China and North Korea


Input: Pakistan and China signed long - term nuclear cooperation agreements with Iran in 1987 and 1990 , respectively .

signed

Pakistan and China

long - term nuclear cooperation agreements with Iran

cooperation

nuclear


Input: Accords with both countries involved training personnel , and in the case of China , the accord included an agreement to provide Iran with a 27 KW miniature neutron source reactor ( MNSR ) and two 300 MW Qinshan power reactors .

training

personnel

provide

Iran

with a 27 KW miniature neutron source reactor ( MNSR ) and two 300 MW Qinshan power reactors

the accord


Input: The Soviet Union , traditionally an ally of Iraq , had also indicated an interest in cooperating with Iran .

cooperating

with Iran

The Soviet Union , traditionally an ally of Iraq ,


Input: Despite many technical delays ( misfit of original Siemens equipment with Russian technology ) and efforts by the United States to stall the project , frequently by lobbying the Russia government for the cancellation of the deal , most notably during the Gore - Chernomyrdin Commission meetings , the facility is nearing completion .

meetings

Gore - Chernomyrdin Commission


Input: In 1995 , it became evident that Iran may be pursuing nuclear weapons through another track : by procuring dual - use items from Western firms .

procuring

dual - use items

from Western firms

Iran


Input: The United States then imposed extensive sanctions on Iran and successfully pressured Russia and other potential suppliers , mostly in Europe , to halt exports of sensitive dual - use nuclear technology to Iran , such as high - voltage switches that could trigger a nuclear weapon and specialized remote manipulators designed to handle heavy volumes of radioactive material and possibly intended for a uranium or plutonium reprocessing plant .

sanctions

The United States

on Iran

pressured

The United States

Russia and other potential suppliers , mostly in Europe

to halt exports of sensitive dual - use nuclear technology to Iran , such as high - voltage switches that could trigger a nuclear weapon and specialized remote manipulators designed to handle heavy volumes of radioactive material and possibly intended for a uranium or plutonium reprocessing plant

halt

Russia and other potential suppliers , mostly in Europe

exports of sensitive dual - use nuclear technology to Iran , such as high - voltage switches that could trigger a nuclear weapon and specialized remote manipulators designed to handle heavy volumes of radioactive material and possibly intended for a uranium or plutonium reprocessing plant

suppliers

suppliers

designed

specialized remote manipulators


Input: In mid - 2002 , a Paris - based opposition group , the National Council of Resistance of Iran ( NCRI ) , revealed the existence of two previously unknown facilities -- a uranium enrichment facility at Natanz and a heavy water production plant at Arak .

revealed

a Paris - based opposition group , the National Council of Resistance of Iran ( NCRI )

the existence of two previously unknown facilities -- a uranium enrichment facility at Natanz and a heavy water production plant at Arak

existence

of two previously unknown facilities -- a uranium enrichment facility at Natanz and a heavy water production plant at Arak

production

heavy water


Input: Upon visiting suspected facilities in February 2003 , and with new declarations by Iran , the International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) concluded that several sensitive technology facilities are either operational , under construction , or planned .

visiting

suspected facilities

declarations

by Iran

declarations

concluded

the International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA )

that several sensitive technology facilities are either operational , under construction , or planned

Upon visiting suspected facilities in February 2003 , and with new declarations by Iran

construction

several sensitive technology facilities


Input: During the IAEA inspection in June 2003 , environmental samples that were taken from chemical traps of the Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant at Natanz revealed the presence of highly enriched uranium ( HEU ) .

inspection

IAEA

taken

environmental samples that

from chemical traps of the Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant at Natanz


Input: In an effort to diffuse the tense relations between Iran and the IAEA and to preserve the sanctity of the nonproliferation regime , foreign ministers of Britain , France and Germany secured Iran 's consent to cooperation with the IAEA ahead of the 31 October deadline .

secured

foreign ministers of Britain , France and Germany

Iran 's consent to cooperation with the IAEA

consent

Iran 's

to cooperation with the IAEA

cooperation

with the IAEA


Input: Faced with probability of sanctions and international isolation in case of noncompliance with the IAEA 's demands , Iran announced on 21 October 2003 that it will cooperate with the IAEA with full transparency and disclosure , sign the Additional Protocol and commence its ratification procedures , and suspend all enrichment and reprocessing activities , albeit for an `` interim period . ''

demands

IAEA 's

announced

Iran

that it will cooperate with the IAEA with full transparency and disclosure , sign the Additional Protocol and commence its ratification procedures , and suspend all enrichment and reprocessing activities , albeit for an `` interim period

cooperate

it

with the IAEA

disclosure

sign

it

the Additional Protocol

activities

sanctions

ratification


Input: Ali Akbar Salehi , the outgoing Iranian representative to the IAEA , signed on behalf of Iran , and Director - General ElBaradei signed for the IAEA .

signed

Ali Akbar Salehi , the outgoing Iranian representative to the IAEA

on behalf of Iran


Input: Iran appears to be dangerously close to developing an indigenous nuclear fuel cycle , which would in turn enable it to develop a nuclear bomb without much reliance on outside help .

develop

it

a nuclear bomb

help

outside


Input: Additionally , the constant threat of Israel 's nuclear arsenal , mostly perpetuated by Iran 's technocrats , government officials and the pro - nuclear lobby , adds to Iran 's perceived concerns and justifies it to the domestic audience the need to develop nuclear weapons .

develop

nuclear weapons


Input: Iran 's progress toward nuclear weapons , though irreversible , might be hampered by a combined effort on three fronts .

hampered

Iran 's progress toward nuclear weapons

by a combined effort on three fronts


Input: A second front would come in the form of intense international pressure on states that are still in the position to help Iran perfect its knowledge and infrastructure -- Russia , Pakistan , China , and North Korea .

pressure

international

on states that are still in the position to help Iran perfect its knowledge and infrastructure -- Russia , Pakistan , China , and North Korea

help

states that

Iran

perfect its knowledge and infrastructure


Input: Since Iran signed the Additional Protocol on Nuclear Safeguards on 18 December 2003 , the Protocol provided inspectors from the IAEA with greater access within Iran and the option to carry out intrusive inspections at Iran 's nuclear facilities .

signed

Iran

the Additional Protocol on Nuclear Safeguards

inspectors

inspectors

inspections

at Iran 's nuclear facilities

provided

the Protocol

inspectors from the IAEA

with greater access within Iran and the option to carry out intrusive inspections at Iran 's nuclear facilities

to carry out intrusive inspections at Iran 's nuclear facilities


Input: Iran is generally viewed as having been forthcoming and helpful to these IAEA efforts , although this cooperation has clearly not been absolute .

helpful

Iran

to these IAEA efforts

cooperation


Input: Specifically , Iran was rebuked for postponing IAEA visits to a number of locations related to Iran 's P - 2 centrifuge enrichment program , which had been scheduled to take place in March 2004 .

rebuked

Iran

for postponing IAEA visits to a number of locations related to Iran 's P - 2 centrifuge enrichment program , which had been scheduled to take place in March 2004

visits

IAEA

to a number of locations related to Iran 's P - 2 centrifuge enrichment program


Input: The IAEA also criticized Iran 's lack of forthrightness about its possession of P - 2 design drawings and other related research , and information regarding its manufacturing and mechanical testing activities , all of which was omitted from Iran 's 21 October 2003 declaration to the agency .

criticized

The IAEA

Iran 's lack of forthrightness about its possession of P - 2 design drawings and other related research , and information regarding its manufacturing and mechanical testing activities , all of which was omitted from Iran 's 21 October 2003 declaration to the agency

Iran

research

activities

manufacturing and mechanical testing

its

declaration

Iran 's

to the agency

testing

mechanical

manufacturing


Input: El - Baradei is , however , weary of pursuing such a hard line against Iran , as he fears that exerting too much pressure may cause Iran to opt out of the NPT altogether .

cause

exerting too much pressure

Iran

to opt out of the NPT altogether

pressure


Input: Responding to the barrage of critics who insist that Iran 's illicit intentions are obvious , El - Baradei has pointed to the continued absence of a `` smoking gun '' and the fundamental shortcomings of attempts to concretely assess Iran 's programmatic goals without such evidence .

Responding

to the barrage of critics who insist that Iran 's illicit intentions are obvious

El - Baradei

critics

critics

insist

that Iran 's illicit intentions are obvious

the barrage of critics

who

illicit

intentions


Input: For its part , Iran continues to assert that it pursues a nuclear program with only peaceful applications , while El - Baradei is steadfast in his belief that the situation may be resolved diplomatically .

assert

Iran

that it pursues a nuclear program with only peaceful applications

resolved

the situation


Input: In addition , Russia remains unequivocally opposed to United Nations ' sanctions against Iran , especially given the absence of evidence to bolster claims about illicit activities .

claims

about illicit activities

activities

sanctions

United Nations '

against Iran

illicit

activities


Input: Russia has also supported Iran 's disclosure efforts , despite Russian President Vladimir Putin 's November 2003 charge that Iran acted in bad faith by failing to fully comply with IAEA inspections .

disclosure

acted

Iran

by failing to fully comply with IAEA inspections

inspections

IAEA


Input: Iran is rapidly constructing nuclear facilities to achieve its goal of having an indigenous fuel cycle capability .

constructing

Iran

nuclear facilities

achieve

its goal of having an indigenous fuel cycle capability

Iran


Input: In addition to these , there have been new revelations about Iran 's centrifuge enrichment program located in Natanz and heavy water related activity in Arak .

revelations

about Iran 's centrifuge enrichment program located in Natanz and heavy water related activity in Arak

located

Iran 's centrifuge enrichment program

in Natanz

activity

heavy water related


Input: Within the next 10 years , there will likely be at least one , possibly more , power reactors built in Iran .

built

in Iran

at least one , possibly more , power reactors


Input: It is unclear how many people presently work at AEOI .

work

how many people

at AEOI


Input: After the Islamic Revolution , however , many leading nuclear scientists left the country , and in the 1990 , the AEOI reportedly employed `` around 200 scientists and 2,000 personnel engaged in nuclear research . ''

left

many leading nuclear scientists

the country

research

nuclear


Input: Research and development of the nuclear fuel cycle has been highlighted as a key function of the AEOI .

Research

of the nuclear fuel cycle


Input: Two of these , Research and Fuel Production , are essential to develop a complete nuclear fuel cycle in Iran .

complete

nuclear fuel cycle

develop

a complete nuclear fuel cycle


Input: The responsibility of the Research Division is to plan and guide all nuclear - related research projects and to develop peaceful nuclear technologies in Iran .

develop

peaceful nuclear technologies

the Research Division


Input: The ENTC is home to a miniature neutron source reactor ( MNSR ) , other research reactors , and subcritical assemblies .

research


Input: Over the years , these laboratories have conducted research into conversion ( a hexafluoride plant in Esfahan and at the Jabr Ibn Hayan Multipurpose Laboratories - JHL ) , enrichment , and reprocessing ( analysis and separation experiments using US - supplied hot cells , and radioisotope production at the TNRC ) .

research

these laboratories

into conversion ( a hexafluoride plant in Esfahan and at the Jabr Ibn Hayan Multipurpose Laboratories - JHL ) , enrichment , and reprocessing ( analysis and separation experiments using US - supplied hot cells , and radioisotope production at the TNRC )

analysis

using

US - supplied hot cells

production

radioisotope

conducted

these laboratories

research into conversion ( a hexafluoride plant in Esfahan and at the Jabr Ibn Hayan Multipurpose Laboratories - JHL ) , enrichment , and reprocessing ( analysis and separation experiments using US - supplied hot cells , and radioisotope production at the TNRC )


Input: The Benefication and Hydrometallurgical Research Center ( BHRC ) operates facilities involved in the production of yellowcake .

involved

in the production of yellowcake

facilities

production

of yellowcake


Input: The most important of these are the Natanz uranium enrichment plant ( comprising a pilot - and commercial - scale fuel enrichment facility ) , a fuel fabrication plant at Esfahan , a uranium metal purification and casting laboratory , and a 40 MW heavy water research reactor ( IR - 40 ) in Arak .

research

heavy water


Input: The presence of these facilities confirms Iran 's growing determination to achieve a full nuclear fuel cycle .

achieve

a full nuclear fuel cycle

Iran 's


Input: These facilities and Iran 's overall program are currently undergoing close scrutiny by the international community and will likely remain so until controversy over the facilities ' purpose and capability can be resolved .

scrutiny

These facilities and Iran 's overall program

by the international community

resolved

controversy over the facilities ' purpose and capability


Input: California wildfires continue to spread

wildfires

California

wildfires


Input: Emergency crews said they were hopeful that they would be able to control the fire .

said

Emergency crews

they were hopeful that they would be able to control the fire


Input: In a statement , Californian governor Arnold Schwarzenegger said that `` [ his administration ] is working around the clock to ensure that our brave men and women working on the fires front lines have the resources needed to respond and beat back these fires as quickly as possible . ''

statement

statement

said

Californian governor Arnold Schwarzenegger

In a statement

that `` [ his administration ] is working around the clock to ensure that our brave men and women working on the fires front lines have the resources needed to respond and beat back these fires as quickly as possible

respond

our brave men and women working on the fires front lines


Input: Two firefighters were killed in the blaze on Sunday , after fires burnt their vehicle on front lines .

killed

Two firefighters

in the blaze


Input: One in four cellphones sold has a camera in it .

sold

four cellphones


Input: Sue ran down to McDonald's and got a hamburger happy meal with a large Diet Coke .

got

a hamburger happy meal with a large Diet Coke

Sue


Input: QN : Did Sue get a cup ?

get

Sue

a cup


Input: Angela Drake will be moving to California with her husband , where she has accepted a full-time position with the San Diego Public Library .

accepted

she

a full-time position with the San Diego Public Library


Input: Two large fires in the New South Wales Blue Mountains , West of Sydney are burning out of control in difficult fire fighting conditions .

difficult

fire fighting conditions


Input: Commissioner of the NSW Rural Fire Service said fire fighters had made a brave effort to contain the fire .

said

Commissioner of the NSW Rural Fire Service

fire fighters had made a brave effort to contain the fire


Input: '' They 've worked extremely hard now for six days but probably their most herculean effort was last night , '' My Koperberg said .

said

My Koperberg

They 've worked extremely hard now for six days but probably their most herculean effort was last night


Input: '' They were down on the Grose River working in atrocious conditions as a last-ditch stand ... and they nearly got there .

on

the Grose River

They


Input: '' They had several metres still to go when it became too hot and we had to evacuate them because it would have endangered them . ''

became

it

too hot

evacuate

them

we

because

we had to evacuate them

it would have endangered them


Input: A second fire has begun burning on a 5 km ( 3 mile ) front , along the Putty Road near Wiseman 's Ferry .

begun

A second fire

burning

on

a 5 km ( 3 mile ) front

A second fire has begun burning


Input: Prosperity has brought with it a new emphasis on historic preservation .

brought

Prosperity

a new emphasis on historic preservation


Input: You can view artifacts from the Bronze Age , trace the history of the Easter Rising , or revisit Leopold Bloom 's odyssey in Ulysses .

view

You

artifacts from the Bronze Age

odyssey

Leopold Bloom 's

revisit

You

Leopold Bloom 's odyssey in Ulysses


Input: Old buildings are being recycled ; for example , the 17th-century Royal Hospital now holds the Museum of Modern Art .

holds

the 17th-century Royal Hospital

the Museum of Modern Art

Art

Art

Modern


Input: And Dublin , a city large in expectations , is still small enough for the visitor to see most of its sights on foot .

sights

sights

see

the visitor

most of its sights

visitor

visitor


Input: The river forms a natural line between the north and south sections of the city .

forms

The river

a natural line between the north and south sections of the city


Input: Historically and culturally this north-south distinction has always been significant , and it still is today , with a dose of good-humored rivalry between the two areas .

rivalry

between the two areas


Input: I never go north of the Liffey , '' one man remarked .

go

I

north of the Liffey

remarked

one man

I never go north of the Liffey


Input: Dublin is an intimate city , physically small but tightly packed , a perfect place for walking .

walking


Input: To the south and east is St . Stephen 's Green and Georgian Dublin where the national museums are located .

located

the national museums

St . Stephen 's Green and Georgian Dublin

where


Input: Beckett and Joyce , among others , had to leave their homeland to understand it -- and to be understood .

leave

Beckett and Joyce , among others

their homeland


Input: Dublin theater is legendary , and no visitor should miss seeing a performance at the Abbey Theatre or Gate Theatre .

visitor

visitor


Input: The constantly crowded and busy Grafton street is the most visible center for shopping , but there are shops all over that carry an international array of goods as well as the Irish crafts and souvenirs you expect .

are

shops

all over

that carry an international array of goods as well as the Irish crafts and souvenirs you expect

crafts

crafts

shopping


Input: And while multinational chains have made inroads , they seem less blatant here than elsewhere .

made

multinational chains

inroads


Input: The beautiful Wicklow Mountains , and the Wicklow Mountains National Park provide a more rugged countryside , and the area has breathtaking houses and gardens such as Castletown , Mount Usher , and Powerscourt .

provide

a more rugged countryside

The beautiful Wicklow Mountains , and the Wicklow Mountains National Park


Input: The DART ( Dublin Area Rapid Transit ) runs north and south along the coast .

runs

The DART ( Dublin Area Rapid Transit )

north and south


Input: Almost half of Ireland 's population is under twenty-five , and with its universities and professional schools , Dublin also has a large student population .

student

student


Input: The universities attract students from all over the world , and this influx helps to make Dublin a busy , buzzing international city .

students

students

helps

this influx

to make Dublin a busy , buzzing international city

make

this influx

Dublin

a busy , buzzing international city

influx

attract

The universities

students

from all over the world


Input: And young graduates are not leaving now -- multinational corporations and European Union investment mean there are plenty of opportunities for them at home .

leaving

young graduates

are

plenty of opportunities for them

at home

graduates

graduates

mean

there are plenty of opportunities for them at home

multinational corporations and European Union investment


Input: There were only two men in the room , Sir Henry and Stapleton .

were

only two men

in the room


Input: They sat with their profiles towards me on either side of the round table .

on

either side of the round table

They


Input: As I watched them Stapleton rose and left the room , while Sir Henry filled his glass again and leaned back in his chair , puffing at his cigar .

watched

I

them

left

Stapleton

the room

filled

Sir Henry

his glass


Input: A key turned in a lock , and as he passed in there was a curious scuffling noise from within .

key

passed

he

in

was

a curious scuffling noise from within


Input: He was only a minute or so inside , and then I heard the key turn once more and he passed me and re - entered the house .

passed

he

me


Input: The island of Jamaica will be near the top of the list for anyone planning an idyllic holiday getaway .

getaway

holiday


Input: With warm sunshine , beautiful beaches , lush tropical scenery , and fine hotels , it is guaranteed to provide a little rest and relaxation .

provide

a little rest and relaxation

it


Input: On land , there is a wealth of animal and bird life .

On

land

there is a wealth of animal and bird life

is

a wealth of animal and bird life

On land


Input: Rare species of butterflies and delicate hummingbirds take to the air , and crocodiles and manatees still live in and around vast tracts of mangrove swamp in the south .

air

Rare species of butterflies and delicate hummingbirds


Input: The island is surrounded by coral reefs and reef walls , which provide shelter to hundreds of species of sea creatures and recreation to divers and snorkelers .

provide

coral reefs and reef walls

which

shelter

to hundreds of species of sea creatures


Input: It says much about the character of the Jamaican people that they have slightly changed the story of Columbus and his trip to the island in 1493 .

changed

they

the story of Columbus and his trip to the island in 1493

trip

his

to the island


Input: Jamaica has always had a second , unofficial language developed from the early days of slavery .

developed

a second , unofficial language

from the early days of slavery


Input: Many Jamaicans head to the States for further education , and the American economic influence on areas such as business investment and planning is growing .

head

Many Jamaicans

to the States

education


Input: It still revels in its own identity , which is now internationally recognized through such influential cultural products as the Rastafarian religion and reggae music .

influential

products


Input: They are very direct in their dealings with each other , as you might discover if you come across a friendly conversation among a group of friends .

discover

you

come

you

a friendly conversation among a group of friends

conversation

among a group of friends


Input: They are equally direct in their dealings with visitors , too , so do n't expect a shy Jamaican smile as you walk by .

visitors

visitors

walk

you

by


Input: Having some lines ready to throw back at them induces guffaws of laughter and an appreciative slap on the back .

ready

to throw back at them

lines

throw

back

at them

lines

induces

Having some lines ready to throw back at them

guffaws of laughter and an appreciative slap on the back


Input: The popular phrase `` Soon come '' indicates an apparent lack of concern about time and an unhurried attitude to daily tasks .

indicates

an apparent lack of concern about time and an unhurried attitude to daily tasks


Input: Occasional hurricanes can spoil the idyllic climate and contribute to this `` laid back '' attitude : Jamaicans are aware that circumstances can suddenly alter dramatically and yet life will always carry on .

alter

circumstances


Input: Since independence in 1962 , tourism has been Jamaica 's primary industry and the island has become renowned as one of the prime destinations in the Caribbean .

independence

tourism

become

island

renowned as one of the prime destinations in the Caribbean


Input: All-inclusive packages and large resort hotels offer restaurants , sporting activities , entertainment , wide - screen sports channels in the bars , shopping , and a guaranteed suntan .

activities

activities

sporting

shopping


Input: Feel the texture of a hand offered in greeting and try to fathom the `` Jamaican handshake , '' a ritual whose rules seem to be more complex than those of the game of cricket .

Feel

the texture of a hand offered in greeting


Input: But once you begin to look underneath this initial veneer of a `` do - nothing - in - the - tropics '' holiday , it 's like peeling the layers of an onion .

begin

you

to look underneath this initial veneer of a `` do - nothing - in - the - tropics '' holiday

look

you

underneath this initial veneer of a `` do - nothing - in - the - tropics '' holiday

peeling

the layers of an onion

do

nothing


Input: Dear Mailhouse donor reminder :

donor


Input: We 've helped people break free of the welfare cycle .

helped

We

people

break free of the welfare cycle


Input: You have helped make Goodwill 's work possible with your previous support .

helped

You

make Goodwill 's work possible

with your previous support

make

You

Goodwill 's work

possible


Input: Goodwill has devised the programs that turned your investment into results .

devised

Goodwill

the programs that turned your investment into results

turned

the programs

that

your investment

into results

results


Input: When you and I help somebody find a job , one more person joins the ranks of tax payers , fewer tax dollars are spent on public assistance and businesses gain another consumer .

help

you and I

somebody

find a job

assistance

public

job

somebody

joins

one more person

the ranks of tax payers

gain

businesses

another consumer


Input: There are a lot of barriers that keep people from working : physical and mental disabilities , history of welfare dependency and lack of education or self-esteem .

are

a lot of barriers that keep people from working : physical and mental disabilities , history of welfare dependency and lack of education or self-esteem

working

education


Input: And there are a lot of people who face these challenges every day of their lives .

are

a lot of people who face these challenges every day of their lives

challenges

challenges


Input: Despite persistent suspicions of offensive and defensive chemical and biological weapons ( CBW ) programs , there is no conclusive evidence that Taiwan has developed or deployed chemical or biological weapons .

is

no conclusive evidence that Taiwan has developed or deployed chemical or biological weapons

defensive

chemical and biological weapons

developed

chemical or biological weapons

Taiwan

deployed

Taiwan

chemical or biological weapons


Input: Taiwan is currently developing the Tien Chi , a short-range ballistic missile system that can reach the coast of China .

developing

Taiwan

the Tien Chi , a short-range ballistic missile system that can reach the coast of China

reach

a short-range ballistic missile system

that

the coast of China


Input: Taiwan 's first nuclear reactor was built at National Tsinghua University in 1956 , and its first nuclear power plant was opened in 1965 .

built

Taiwan 's first nuclear reactor

at National Tsinghua University


Input: Although plagued by domestic opposition and delays , a fourth nuclear power plant is scheduled to begin operation in 2006 .

begin

a fourth nuclear power plant

operation

in 2006


Input: Taiwan 's nuclear weapons program was established under the direction of the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research ( INER ) and the Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology following the People's Republic of China 's first nuclear test in October 1964 .

established

Taiwan 's nuclear weapons program

test

nuclear

the People's Republic of China 's


Input: The `` Hsin Chu `` program involved procurement and operation of a heavy water reactor , a heavy water production plant , a reprocessing research laboratory , and a plutonium separation plant .

operation

of a heavy water reactor , a heavy water production plant , a reprocessing research laboratory , and a plutonium separation plant

production

heavy water

research

reprocessing

procurement

of a heavy water reactor , a heavy water production plant , a reprocessing research laboratory , and a plutonium separation plant


Input: Taiwan probably possesses the technological expertise necessary to develop nuclear weapons , but U.S. pressure and the possibility of a pre-emptive strike by China have prevented a resumption of the nuclear weapons program .

develop

nuclear weapons

pressure

U.S.

strike

by China

prevented

a resumption of the nuclear weapons program

U.S. pressure and the possibility of a pre-emptive strike by China


Input: Taiwan has been accused of making efforts to acquire a biological weapons ( BW ) capability .

acquire

a biological weapons ( BW ) capability

Taiwan

accused

Taiwan

of making efforts to acquire a biological weapons ( BW ) capability


Input: Taiwan signed the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention ( BWC ) in 1972 , but its role in this treaty is not officially recognized .

signed

Taiwan

the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention ( BWC )


Input: While acknowledging production of small quantities of CW agents for defense research purposes , Taiwanese authorities have consistently denied any offensive CW capabilities .

production

Taiwanese authorities

of small quantities of CW agents

research

defense

defense


Input: Because of Taiwan 's non - state status , it can not join the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC ) nor the Australia Group .

join

it

the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC ) nor the Australia Group


Input: Taiwan 's short - range ballistic missile ( SRBM ) program is based at the Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology , which has developed a range of missiles including the Hsiung Feng series of anti-ship missiles , the Tien Chien series of air - to - air missiles , and the Tien Kung series of surface - to - air missiles .

developed

which

the Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology

a range of missiles including the Hsiung Feng series of anti-ship missiles , the Tien Chien series of air - to - air missiles , and the Tien Kung series of surface - to - air missiles


Input: The Tien Chi incorporates global positioning system technology and has an estimated payload of 100 - 500 kg. One report claims that as many as 50 Tien Chi missiles have been deployed on Tungyin Island and at an unidentified second location .

claims

that as many as 50 Tien Chi missiles have been deployed on Tungyin Island and at an unidentified second location

One report

deployed

on Tungyin Island and at an unidentified second location

as many as 50 Tien Chi missiles


Input: Development of the Tien Ma , a ballistic missile with a range of 950 km , was reportedly discontinued in the early 1980s due to U.S. pressure .

discontinued

Development of the Tien Ma , a ballistic missile with a range of 950 km ,

in the early 1980s

pressure

U.S.


Input: A key uncertainty is how ongoing military modernization efforts will ultimately reshape China 's strategic nuclear capabilities , but U.S. deployments of missile defenses are likely to be a key variable .

deployments

U.S.

of missile defenses

deployments

modernization

military

reshape

ongoing military modernization efforts

China 's strategic nuclear capabilities

defenses

missile

defenses


Input: China 's nuclear weapons program began in 1955 and culminated in a successful nuclear test in 1964 .

began

China 's nuclear weapons program

in 1955

test

nuclear


Input: Since then , China has conducted 45 nuclear tests , including tests of thermonuclear weapons and a neutron bomb .

conducted

China

45 nuclear tests , including tests of thermonuclear weapons and a neutron bomb

tests

nuclear


Input: The series of nuclear tests in 1995 - 96 prior to China 's signature of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty ( CTBT ) may have resulted in a smaller and lighter warhead design for the new generation of intercontinental ballistic missiles ( ICBMs ) now under development .

tests

nuclear

Test

signature

China 's

of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty ( CTBT

design

warhead

resulted

in a smaller and lighter warhead design for the new generation of intercontinental ballistic missiles ( ICBMs ) now under development

The series of nuclear tests in 1995 - 96 prior to China 's signature of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty ( CTBT )


Input: China joined the International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) in 1984 and acceded to the Nuclear Non - Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) in 1992 as a nuclear weapon state .

joined

China

the International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA )

acceded

China

to the Nuclear Non - Proliferation Treaty ( NPT )


Input: Since the early 1990s , China has improved its export controls , including the promulgation of regulations on nuclear and nuclear dual - use exports and has pledged to halt exports of nuclear technology to un - safeguarded facilities .

pledged

China

to halt exports of nuclear technology to un - safeguarded facilities

halt

China

exports of nuclear technology to un - safeguarded facilities

improved

China

its export controls , including the promulgation of regulations on nuclear and nuclear dual - use exports


Input: While China has publicly declared to be consistently in compliance with the BTWC , past U.S. government reports have alleged that China not only has a small - scale offensive biological weapons program , but has also transferred controlled biological weapons - related items to nations of proliferation concern such as Iran .

declared

China

to be consistently in compliance with the BTWC

alleged

past U.S. government reports

that China not only has a small - scale offensive biological weapons program , but has also transferred controlled biological weapons - related items to nations of proliferation concern such as Iran

offensive

biological weapons

transferred

controlled biological weapons - related items

to nations of proliferation concern such as Iran

China


Input: Such transfers have resulted in numerous U.S. nonproliferation sanctions being imposed on Chinese entities .

transfers

sanctions

U.S.

on Chinese entities

resulted

Such transfers

in numerous U.S. nonproliferation sanctions being imposed on Chinese entities


Input: China ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC ) in December 1996 , declaring two former chemical weapons ( CW ) production facilities that may have produced mustard gas and Lewisite .

ratified

China

the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC )

production

chemical weapons ( CW )

produced

two former chemical weapons ( CW ) production facilities

that

mustard gas and Lewisite


Input: A transition is currently underway from relatively inaccurate , liquid - fueled , silo / cave - based missiles ( DF-3 , DF -4 , DF -5 ) to more accurate , solid - fueled , mobile missiles ( DF-11 , DF-15 , and DF-21 , and a new ICBM [ the DF-31 ] and SLBM [ the JL-2 ] , which are currently under development ) .

fueled

solid

mobile missiles


Input: China is replacing its older DF-5 missiles with new DF -5A variants , which may eventually be equipped with multiple warheads .

equipped

with multiple warheads

new DF -5A variants

which


Input: China transferred 36 DF-3 medium - range missiles to Saudi Arabia in 1988 , and supplied Pakistan with 34 M-11 short - range missiles in 1992 .

transferred

China

36 DF-3 medium - range missiles

to Saudi Arabia

supplied

Pakistan

with 34 M-11 short - range missiles

China


Input: China has not joined the Missile Technology Control Regime ( MTCR ) , but has pledged to abide by its main parameters .

joined

China

the Missile Technology Control Regime ( MTCR )

pledged

to abide by its main parameters

China


Input: Since 2004 , China has been engaged in consultation with the MTCR ; however , its application for membership has so far not been successful and suspicions , especially in the United States , about Chinese missile technology transfers remain .

engaged

China

in consultation with the MTCR

transfers

Chinese missile technology

consultation

with the MTCR

China

remain

suspicions

especially in the United States

about Chinese missile technology transfers


Input: On 11 January 2007 , China successfully carried out a test of a direct ascent anti - satellite ( ASAT ) weapon , by using a ballistic missile to destroy an aging weather satellite in orbit approximately 500 miles above the Earth 's surface .

out

China

a test of a direct ascent anti - satellite ( ASAT ) weapon

using

a ballistic missile

to destroy an aging weather satellite in orbit approximately 500 miles above the Earth 's surface

China

test

of a direct ascent anti - satellite ( ASAT ) weapon

China

by using a ballistic missile to destroy an aging weather satellite in orbit approximately 500 miles above the Earth 's surface

successfully

destroy

an aging weather satellite in orbit approximately 500 miles above the Earth 's surface

China

ascent


Input: The cost in the first stage of this unique project is estimated at 200 million dollars .

cost

estimated at 200 million dollars

of this unique project


Input: The minister who has a personal website on the internet , further said that he wanted Dubai to become the best place in the world for the advanced ( hitech ) technological companies .

said

The minister who has a personal website on the internet

that he wanted Dubai to become the best place in the world for the advanced ( hitech ) technological companies

become

the best place in the world for the advanced ( hitech ) technological companies

Dubai


Input: He said that it would he possible for the companies working in the electronic trade sector to make Dubai their headquarters , and to establish offices here and provide employment and own machinery in the zone opened to companies fully owned by the foreigners .

said

He

that it would he possible for the companies working in the electronic trade sector to make Dubai their headquarters , and to establish offices here and provide employment and own machinery in the zone opened to companies fully owned by the foreigners

working

in the electronic trade sector

companies

make

Dubai

their headquarters

the companies working in the electronic trade sector

establish

offices

the companies working in the electronic trade sector

provide

the companies working in the electronic trade sector

employment


Input: The electronic trade free trade zone is situated in the north of Dubai , close to the free industrial zone in Jabal Ali Mountain , an area which is considered to be the first in the country , and tenth in the world for transit movement .

situated

The electronic trade free trade zone

in the north of Dubai


Input: The apartheid government also undertook a chemical and biological weapons ( CBW ) defense program , which reportedly also included offensive research and use of CBW agents against opponents of that government .

defense

research

offensive

use

of CBW agents

against opponents of that government


Input: In the 1960s , South Africa began to explore the technical utility of `` peaceful nuclear explosions '' for mining and engineering purposes .

began

In the 1960s

South Africa

to explore the technical utility of `` peaceful nuclear explosions '' for mining and engineering purposes


Input: In parallel with decisions to end apartheid , the government halted the bomb program in 1989 and dismantled existing weapons and associated production equipment .

decisions

to end apartheid

end

apartheid

halted

the government

the bomb program

in 1989

dismantled

existing weapons and associated production equipment

the government

existing

weapons and associated production equipment

production


Input: South Africa acceded to the Treaty on the Non - Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons ( NPT ) as a non - nuclear weapon state in 1991 , and International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) inspectors subsequently verified the completeness of its nuclear dismantlement .

acceded

South Africa

to the Treaty on the Non - Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons ( NPT )

inspectors

inspectors

verified

the completeness of its nuclear dismantlement

International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) inspectors

dismantlement

its

nuclear


Input: South Africa joined the Zangger Committee in 1994 and the Nuclear Suppliers Group in 1995 .

Suppliers

Nuclear

joined

South Africa

the Zangger Committee

the Nuclear Suppliers Group


Input: In 2004 , there was also ample discussion concerning South Africa 's dwindling coal reserves and its need for additional nuclear power generation .

was

In 2004

ample discussion concerning South Africa 's dwindling coal reserves and its need for additional nuclear power generation

discussion

concerning South Africa 's dwindling coal reserves and its need for additional nuclear power generation

generation

nuclear power


Input: The apartheid - era South African government viewed itself as the target of a `` total onslaught '' by Soviet-backed Marxist guerrillas or regimes in neighboring states and black nationalists at home , and to meet this all - encompassing `` red - black danger '' it was apparently willing to use almost any means at its disposal to defend itself .

onslaught

by Soviet-backed Marxist guerrillas or regimes in neighboring states and black nationalists at home

use

it

almost any means at its disposal

to defend itself

defend

itself

it


Input: The chief facility for researching , producing , and testing BW agents and lethal toxic chemicals was a military front company called Roodeplaat Research Laboratories , located north of Pretoria , and other facilities were established to develop protective clothing and manufacture exotic assassination devices .

researching

BW agents and lethal toxic chemicals

producing

BW agents and lethal toxic chemicals

manufacture

exotic assassination devices

testing

BW agents and lethal toxic chemicals

lethal

toxic chemicals

assassination

located

a military front company called Roodeplaat Research Laboratories

north of Pretoria

established

other facilities

develop

protective clothing

clothing

clothing


Input: During its existence Coast scientists tested or developed a wide range of harmful BW agents , including Bacillus anthracis , botulinum toxin , Vibrio cholerae , Clostridium perfringens , plague bacteria , and salmonella bacteria .

existence

its

tested

Coast scientists

a wide range of harmful BW agents , including Bacillus anthracis , botulinum toxin , Vibrio cholerae , Clostridium perfringens , plague bacteria , and salmonella bacteria

developed

Coast scientists

a wide range of harmful BW agents , including Bacillus anthracis , botulinum toxin , Vibrio cholerae , Clostridium perfringens , plague bacteria , and salmonella bacteria

BW


Input: The CBW program was officially dismantled in 1993 , in the midst of a liberalizing transformation of the regime .

dismantled

The CBW program

transformation

liberalizing

of the regime


Input: There are indications , however , that certain personnel who were intimately involved in the program , including Basson , may have provided technical knowledge , equipment , or materials to `` rogue regimes '' such as Libya , to foreign intelligence personnel , to unscrupulous black marketers trafficking in dangerous weapons , and perhaps also -- if certain journalists can be believed -- to elements of a shadowy international network of right - wing extremists .

involved

certain personnel

who

in the program

provided

certain personnel who were intimately involved in the program , including Basson ,

technical knowledge , equipment , or materials

to `` rogue regimes '' such as Libya , to foreign intelligence personnel , to unscrupulous black marketers trafficking in dangerous weapons , and perhaps also -- if certain journalists can be believed -- to elements of a shadowy international network of right - wing extremists


Input: These claims have yet to be fully investigated , much less verified .

claims

investigated

These claims

verified

These claims


Input: Although ostensibly created entirely for defensive purposes , since government and Cuban military forces in Angola were reportedly equipped for and planning to use -- if not already using -- CW agents against the South African Defence Force ( SADF ) , from the outset the program also had offensive features and capabilities .

created

the program

equipped

government and Cuban military forces in Angola

for

CW agents

use

government and Cuban military forces in Angola

CW agents

against the South African Defence Force ( SADF )

using

government and Cuban military forces in Angola

CW agents

against the South African Defence Force ( SADF )

defensive


Input: During its existence Coast scientists tested and developed both small quantities of well - known CW agents ( including mustard agent , sarin , tabun , BZ , and perhaps VX ) and a host of lethal , hard - to - trace toxic chemicals .

existence

its

tested

Coast scientists

both small quantities of well - known CW agents ( including mustard agent , sarin , tabun , BZ , and perhaps VX ) and a host of lethal , hard - to - trace toxic chemicals

developed

Coast scientists

both small quantities of well - known CW agents ( including mustard agent , sarin , tabun , BZ , and perhaps VX ) and a host of lethal , hard - to - trace toxic chemicals

CW

lethal

chemicals

hard

to - trace


Input: The CBW program was officially dismantled in 1993 , in the midst of a liberalizing transformation of the regime .

dismantled

The CBW program

transformation

liberalizing

of the regime


Input: There are indications , however , that certain personnel who were intimately involved in the program , including Basson , may have provided technical knowledge , equipment , or materials to `` rogue regimes '' such as Libya , to foreign intelligence personnel , to unscrupulous black marketers trafficking in dangerous weapons , and perhaps also -- if certain journalists can be believed -- to elements of a shadowy international network of right - wing extremists .

involved

personnel

who

in the program

provided

certain personnel who were intimately involved in the program , including Basson ,

technical knowledge , equipment , or materials

to `` rogue regimes '' such as Libya , to foreign intelligence personnel , to unscrupulous black marketers trafficking in dangerous weapons , and perhaps also -- if certain journalists can be believed -- to elements of a shadowy international network of right - wing extremists


Input: These claims have yet to be fully investigated , much less verified .

claims

investigated

These claims

verified

These claims


Input: It appears that Israel collaborated with South Africa in development of this program , but the nature and extent of this relationship is unknown .

collaborated

Israel

with South Africa

in development of this program


Input: Facing U.S. opposition to missile proliferation and the end of its apartheid government , South Africa abandoned its missile and space launch programs in 1991 and dismantled associated facilities under international observation .

end

of its apartheid government

dismantled

South Africa

associated facilities

observation

international


Input: Libya has shown interest in and taken steps to acquire weapons of mass destruction ( WMD ) and their delivery systems .

acquire

Libya

weapons of mass destruction ( WMD ) and their delivery systems

steps

Libya

steps


Input: Indeed , it is one of the few states to have employed chemical weapons in a conflict ( Chad , 1987 ) .

employed

chemical weapons

the few states

conflict

the few states


Input: Libya 's motivation to acquire WMD , and ballistic missiles in particular , appears in part to be a response to Israel 's clandestine nuclear program and a desire to become a more active player in Middle_Eastern and African politics .

acquire

WMD , and ballistic missiles in particular

Libya 's

become

a more active player in Middle_Eastern and African politics

Israel 's

response

Libya 's motivation to acquire WMD , and ballistic missiles in particular

to Israel 's clandestine nuclear program and a desire to become a more active player in Middle_Eastern and African politics

player

Israel 's

in Middle_Eastern and African politics


Input: On 19 December 2003 , Libyan leader Col. Muammar Qadhafi publicly confirmed his commitment to disclose and dismantle WMD programs in his country following a nine-month period of negotiations with US and UK authorities .

commitment

his

to disclose and dismantle WMD programs in his country

disclose

Libyan leader Col. Muammar Qadhafi

WMD programs in his country

dismantle

WMD programs in his country

Libyan leader Col. Muammar Qadhafi

negotiations

with US and UK authorities

confirmed

Libyan leader Col. Muammar Qadhafi

his commitment to disclose and dismantle WMD programs in his country


Input: In its 19 December 2003 announcement that it was eliminating all materials , equipment and programs proscribed by the international community , Libya took the unusual step of first publicly revealing its nuclear weapons program , then renouncing it .

announcement

its

that it was eliminating all materials , equipment and programs proscribed by the international community

revealing

its nuclear weapons program

Libya

step

Libya

of first publicly revealing its nuclear weapons program , then renouncing it

eliminating

it

all materials , equipment and programs proscribed by the international community


Input: According to International Atomic Energy Agency Director General Mohamed ElBaradei , who led a December 2003 inspection team to Libya , Libya 's nuclear weapons program is in the very initial stages , about three to seven years away from producing a nuclear weapon .

producing

a nuclear weapon

Libya 's nuclear weapons program

inspection


Input: Libya admitted having secretly imported raw uranium and the necessary equipment to convert it for enrichment into weapons-grade material but added that the enrichment plan had been dismantled and that no highly enriched uranium had been produced over the past decade .

admitted

Libya

having secretly imported raw uranium and the necessary equipment to convert it for enrichment into weapons-grade material

convert

it

into weapons-grade material

added

Libya

that the enrichment plan had been dismantled and that no highly enriched uranium had been produced over the past decade

dismantled

the enrichment plan

produced

no highly enriched uranium


Input: IAEA inspectors did not found either , though they did find imported equipment and technology at a number of previously secret nuclear facilities in and around Tripoli .

inspectors

inspectors

found

IAEA inspectors

either

find

they

imported equipment and technology


Input: It has been revealed that Abdul Qadeer Khan of Pakistan is responsible for providing Libya with its nuclear warhead plans , raw uranium and enrichment centrifuges through his black market network .

revealed

that Abdul Qadeer Khan of Pakistan is responsible for providing Libya with its nuclear warhead plans , raw uranium and enrichment centrifuges through his black market network

providing

Libya

with its nuclear warhead plans , raw uranium and enrichment centrifuges

Abdul Qadeer Khan of Pakistan


Input: In his 19 December 2003 announcement , Qadhafi pledged to adhere to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty which Libya ratified in 1975 , and to sign the Additional Protocol , which it did on 10 March 2004 .

announcement

his

pledged to adhere to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty which Libya ratified in 1975 , and to sign the Additional Protocol , which it did on 10 March 2004

pledged

Qadhafi

to adhere to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty which Libya ratified in 1975 , and to sign the Additional Protocol , which it did on 10 March 2004

sign

Qadhafi

the Additional Protocol

ratified

did

it

which

sign the Additional Protocol


Input: IAEA chief El Baradei indicated that signing the Protocol would ensure IAEA oversight over Libya 's nuclear transition from weapons creation to peaceful purposes .

indicated

IAEA chief El Baradei

that signing the Protocol would ensure IAEA oversight over Libya 's nuclear transition from weapons creation to peaceful purposes

signing

the Protocol

creation

weapons


Input: In 1996 , it had signed the Treaty of Pelindaba which established a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Africa .

signed

it

the Treaty of Pelindaba which established a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Africa

established

a nuclear-weapon-free zone

the Treaty of Pelindaba

which


Input: Besides previously secret nuclear sites disclosed in late 2003 , Libya possesses a Soviet-supplied 10 MW research reactor in Tajura .

disclosed

previously secret nuclear sites

research

MW


Input: In 2003 , Libya admitted its previous intentions to acquire equipment needed to produce biological weapons ( BW ) .

admitted

Libya

its previous intentions to acquire equipment needed to produce biological weapons ( BW )

acquire

equipment needed to produce biological weapons ( BW )

its

produce

biological weapons ( BW )


Input: In October and December 2003 , Libyan officials took US and UK experts to a number of medical and agricultural research centers that had the potential to be used in BW research .

used

in BW research

that

a number of medical and agricultural research centers

took

Libyan officials

US and UK experts

to a number of medical and agricultural research centers that had the potential to be used in BW research

research

agricultural


Input: In documentation provided to US and UK authorities in 2003 , Libya revealed a `` significant quantity '' of mustard agent produced more than 10 years ago at a facility near Rabta , located in the Sahara Desert about 120 km southwest of Tripoli , along with chemical munitions and equipment needed to establish a second CW production facility .

produced

mustard agent

located

facility near Rabta

in the Sahara Desert

revealed

Libya

a `` significant quantity '' of mustard agent produced more than 10 years ago at a facility near Rabta , located in the Sahara Desert about 120 km southwest of Tripoli , along with chemical munitions and equipment needed to establish a second CW production facility

establish

Libya

a second CW production facility

provided

documentation

to US and UK authorities


Input: In December 2003 , Libya pledged to eliminate all chemical weapons stocks and munitions and accede to the Chemical Weapons Convention `` without delay. ''

pledged

Libya

to eliminate all chemical weapons stocks and munitions and accede to the Chemical Weapons Convention `` without delay.

eliminate

accede

to the Chemical Weapons Convention

Libya


Input: Libya first acquired Scud-B missiles in the early 1970 s from the Soviet Union .

acquired

Libya

Scud-B missiles

from the Soviet Union


Input: In November 2000 , as part of a $600 million agreement , Libya allegedly acquired the first shipment of a total of 50 North Korean Nodong ballistic missiles , including launch capabilities .

acquired

Libya

the first shipment of a total of 50 North Korean Nodong ballistic missiles , including launch capabilities

shipment

of a total of 50 North Korean Nodong ballistic missiles , including launch capabilities


Input: This complemented other missile component shipments that reportedly began in 1999 .

began

other missile component shipments that

in 1999

shipments

missile component


Input: Also , after the lifting of the 1999 sanctions , reports of increased technical and structural assistance from countries like Iran , North Korea , China , India , and Russia have raised concerns over Libya 's growing ability to manufacture ballistic missiles .

reports

reports

of increased technical and structural assistance from countries like Iran , North Korea , China , India , and Russia

manufacture

ballistic missiles

Libya 's

lifting

of the 1999 sanctions

sanctions

assistance

technical and structural

from countries like Iran , North Korea , China , India , and Russia


Input: In 2003 , US experts were given access to Libya 's missile arsenal and to a number of missile research facilities .

given

US experts

access to Libya 's missile arsenal and to a number of missile research facilities

research

missile


Input: QN : Did John pass through the Rome airport customs area ?

pass

John

through the Rome airport customs area


Input: QN : Did Steve pass through the Rome airport customs area ?

pass

Steve

through the Rome airport customs area


Input: On the way the plane stopped in Rome , where John was arrested .

arrested

John


Input: On the way the plane stopped in Rome , where John was arrested .

arrested

John


Input: On the way the plane stopped in Rome , where John was arrested .

arrested

John


Input: On the way the plane stopped in Rome , where John was arrested .

arrested

John


Input: QN : Can he go to Paris on Dec. 1 ?

go

he

to Paris


Input: QN : Can he go to Paris on Dec 14th ?

go

to Paris

he


Input: John , who always carries his laptop with him , took a flight from Boston to Paris on the morning of Dec 11th .

carries

John

who

his laptop


Input: John , who always carries his laptop with him , took a flight from Boston to Paris on the morning of Dec 11th .

carries

John

who

his laptop


Input: John , who travels abroad often , is at home in Boston and receives a call that he must immediately go to Paris .

travels

who

John

abroad

go

he

to Paris

call

that he must immediately go to Paris

John , who travels abroad often ,


Input: John , who travels abroad often , is at home in Boston and receives a call that he must immediately go to Paris .

travels

abroad

who

John

go

call

John , who travels abroad often ,

that he must immediately go to Paris


Input: QN : Did the meeting take place on Thursday ?

meeting


Input: A rainstorm caused cancellation of the important meeting on Thursday .

caused

A rainstorm

cancellation of the important meeting on Thursday

meeting


Input: The pilot perished in the crash .

perished

The pilot


Input: A CH-47 Chinook , carrying 10 people , crashed near Ghazni while returning to Bagram Air Base near the capital .

carrying

A CH-47 Chinook

10 people

returning

to Bagram Air Base near the capital

A CH-47 Chinook , carrying 10 people ,


Input: The pilot perished in the crash .

perished

The pilot


Input: A CH-47 Chinook , carrying 10 people , crashed near Ghazni while returning to Bagram Air Base near the capital .

carrying

A CH-47 Chinook

10 people

returning

to Bagram Air Base near the capital

A CH-47 Chinook , carrying 10 people ,


Input: The pilot perished in the crash .

perished

The pilot


Input: A.Q. Khan of Pakistan sold plans for a nuclear bomb to Iran .

sold

A.Q. Khan of Pakistan

plans for a nuclear bomb

to Iran


Input: He also sold the XYZ-11 , the key part necessary for the trigger .

sold

He

the XYZ-11 , the key part necessary for the trigger


Input: A.Q. Khan of Pakistan sold plans for a nuclear bomb to Iran .

sold

to Iran

plans for a nuclear bomb

A.Q. Khan of Pakistan


Input: He also sold the XYZ-11 , the key part necessary for the trigger .

sold

the XYZ-11 , the key part necessary for the trigger

He


Input: A.Q. Khan of Pakistan sold plans for a nuclear bomb to Iran .

sold

to Iran

plans for a nuclear bomb

A.Q. Khan of Pakistan


Input: A.Q. Khan of Pakistan sold plans for a nuclear bomb to Iran .

sold

to Iran

plans for a nuclear bomb

A.Q. Khan of Pakistan


Input: His train to New York was scheduled to leave the station at 10:30 .

leave

the station

His train to New York


Input: His train to New York was scheduled to leave the station at 10:30 .

leave

the station

His train to New York


Input: His train to New York was scheduled to leave the station at 10:30 .

leave

the station

His train to New York


Input: His train to New York was scheduled to leave the station at 10:30 .

leave

the station

His train to New York


Input: His train to New York was scheduled to leave the station at 10:30 .

leave

the station

His train to New York


Input: His train to New York was scheduled to leave the station at 10:30 .

leave

the station

His train to New York


Input: Thirty-two of the 159 U.N. members were honoring the sanctions against Iraq .

sanctions

against Iraq

sanctions


Input: QN : Were there sanctions against Iraq ?

Were

sanctions against Iraq

sanctions

against Iraq

sanctions


Input: Sardar Patel faced imprisonment for the first time when he was assisting Gandhiji in the Salt Satyagraha .

assisting

Gandhiji

in the Salt Satyagraha

he


Input: QN : Did the purchase take place ?

purchase


Input: Milton Roy disclosed in May that it was approached for a possible acquisition by Thermo Electron .

disclosed

Milton Roy

that it was approached for a possible acquisition by Thermo Electron


Input: Iranian troops suffered tens of thousands of casualties from Iraqi chemical weapons during the 1980 - 88 Iran - Iraq War .

suffered

Iranian troops

tens of thousands of casualties from Iraqi chemical weapons

War

Iran - Iraq


Input: Officials also claim that Iran has produced bombs and artillery rounds filled with these agents , and that it can probably deploy chemical warheads on its long - range missiles .

claim

Officials

that Iran has produced bombs and artillery rounds filled with these agents , and that it can probably deploy chemical warheads on its long - range missiles

produced

Iran

bombs and artillery rounds filled with these agents

filled

bombs and artillery rounds

with these agents

deploy

it

chemical warheads

on its long - range missiles


Input: Iran is suspected of having developed such a capability with aid from individuals and companies in the West , as well as India and China .

developed

Iran

such a capability

aid

from individuals and companies in the West , as well as India and China


Input: Most of the sources have a pre - existing bias against Iran , rendering a bulk of their information subject to speculation .

rendering

a bulk of their information

subject to speculation


Input: The following profile attempts to piece together an objective overview of allegations surrounding Iran and its CW capabilities by mining through reports in open source literature from a variety of sources .

together

an objective overview of allegations surrounding Iran and its CW capabilities

The following profile

allegations

surrounding Iran and its CW capabilities


Input: Iran 's entanglement with CW stems from the legacy of the Iran - Iraq War .

entanglement

Iran 's

with CW

War

Iran - Iraq


Input: By the end of the War , Iran appeared to have suffered as many as 50,000 chemical warfare casualties , of whom perhaps 5,000 died .

suffered

as many as 50,000 chemical warfare casualties , of whom perhaps 5,000 died

Iran

warfare

died

as many as 50,000 chemical warfare casualties , of whom perhaps 5,000

end

of the War


Input: Many Iranian officials concluded that their country had to develop the ability to retaliate in kind in order to deter chemical weapons use against it .

concluded

Many Iranian officials

that their country had to develop the ability to retaliate in kind in order to deter chemical weapons use against it

develop

their country

the ability to retaliate in kind

retaliate

in kind

use

against it

chemical weapons


Input: There are some reports that between 1984 and 1988 Iran employed chemical agents on a limited scale during the war with Iraq ; however , an intensive review of the open literature ( including UN reports from that era ) have failed to verify such claims .

reports

that between 1984 and 1988 Iran employed chemical agents on a limited scale during the war with Iraq

claims

such

employed

Iran

chemical agents

war

with Iraq


Input: This is despite near - constant Iranian rhetoric during the 1980s , invoking the threat of CW in retaliation if the world community failed to take any action against Iraq .

retaliation

action

the world community


Input: Although the status of its offensive capability is somewhat ambiguous , one can definitely conclude that Iran has a defensive program that can be re - engineered into offensive production , if Iranian national security is threatened .

conclude

one

that Iran has a defensive program that can be re - engineered into offensive production , if Iranian national security is threatened

production

offensive

defensive


Input: Also in 1989 , the State Trading Corporation of India admitted that it had sold Iran over 60 tons of thionyl chloride ( a nerve agent precursor ) and that its supplier was planning to ship an additional 257 tons of the chemical to Iran .

admitted

the State Trading Corporation of India

that it had sold Iran over 60 tons of thionyl chloride ( a nerve agent precursor ) and that its supplier was planning to ship an additional 257 tons of the chemical to Iran

sold

it

Iran

over 60 tons of thionyl chloride ( a nerve agent precursor

supplier

supplier

ship

its supplier

an additional 257 tons of the chemical

to Iran


Input: India also agreed to sell Iran phosphorous pentasulfide , a dual - use chemical used in the production of pesticides as well as the nerve agent VX .

sell

India

Iran

phosphorous pentasulfide , a dual - use chemical used in the production of pesticides as well as the nerve agent VX

used

a dual - use chemical

in the production of pesticides as well as the nerve agent VX

production

of pesticides as well as the nerve agent VX


Input: China reportedly agreed to sell Iran 500 tons of phosphorus pentasulfide .

sell

China

Iran

500 tons of phosphorus pentasulfide


Input: One example was the 1997 sale by China to Iran of 40,000 barrels of calcium - hypochlorite , a chemical and biological decontaminating agent .

sale

by China

to Iran

of 40,000 barrels of calcium - hypochlorite , a chemical and biological decontaminating agent


Input: Other defensive material purchased by Iran includes respirators from Spain , protective gear from South Korea , and atropine autoinjectors from the Netherlands .

defensive

purchased

Other defensive material

by Iran


Input: In 1995 , Asian- Ways, Ltd. World Co (Hong Kong) Ltd. and Mainway International Ltd. were sanctioned by the US State Department for supplying Iran with `` nerve gas technology . ''

supplying

Iran

with `` nerve gas technology

Asian- Ways, Ltd. World Co (Hong Kong) Ltd. and Mainway International Ltd.


Input: In 1997 , two more Chinese companies and were sanctioned by the US State Department for selling Iran CW related precursors and equipment .

selling

two more Chinese companies

Iran

CW related precursors and equipment

equipment

equipment


Input: They were accused of exporting thionyl chloride , dimethylamine , and ethylene chlorohydrin .

accused

They

of exporting thionyl chloride , dimethylamine , and ethylene chlorohydrin


Input: Some sources , citing US intelligence officials , also claim that Iran has developed sarin , tabun , and V - series nerve agents .

claim

Some sources , citing US intelligence officials

that Iran has developed sarin , tabun , and V - series nerve agents

developed

Iran

sarin , tabun , and V - series nerve agents

citing

US intelligence officials

Some sources


Input: Iran has several advanced research institutions employing various chemicals for a variety of reasons , including pesticide production , pharmaceutical research , and other medical studies .

research

employing

several advanced research institutions

various chemicals

for a variety of reasons , including pesticide production , pharmaceutical research , and other medical studies

reasons

production

pesticide

studies

medical


Input: Iran submitted a declaration on its chemical facilities and its past CW stockpile , it has destroyed chemical weapons production equipment in the presence of OPCW inspectors , and it has undergone a number of OPCW inspections of its chemical industrial facilities .

declaration

Iran

on its chemical facilities and its past CW stockpile

destroyed

it

chemical weapons production equipment

production

chemical weapons

inspectors

inspectors

inspections

OPCW

of its chemical industrial facilities


Input: Although US and Israeli intelligence agencies continue to insist Iran maintains a stockpile of chemical weapons , no challenge inspections of Iranian facilities have been requested , and none of the allegations made regarding the stockpiling of CW can be verified in the unclassified domain .

insist

US and Israeli intelligence agencies

Iran maintains a stockpile of chemical weapons

allegations

regarding the stockpiling of CW

inspections

of Iranian facilities

requested

challenge inspections of Iranian facilities

verified

none of the allegations made regarding the stockpiling of CW


Input: However , Iran continues to retain a strong incentive for developing a defensive CW program .

developing

Iran

a defensive CW program

defensive


Input: These sales do not necessarily indicate the presence of an offensive CW capability but are worth noting due to their potential diversion to an illicit Iranian CW program .

sales

sales

offensive

noting

These sales

illicit

Iranian CW program


Input: Chinese companies have been key suppliers for Iran 's chemical weapons program .

suppliers

Chinese companies

for Iran 's chemical weapons program


Input: The Chinese corporation SinoChem reportedly delivered 500 tons of phosphorous pentasulfide in 1996 ( primary precursor of VX , controlled by the Australia Group ; China and Iran are not party to this organization ) .

delivered

The Chinese corporation SinoChem

500 tons of phosphorous pentasulfide


Input: According to US press reports citing a top secret CIA report , China sold Iran nearly 400 metric tons of chemicals used to produce nerve agents and riot control gas .

sold

China

Iran

nearly 400 metric tons of chemicals used to produce nerve agents and riot control gas

used

chemicals

to produce nerve agents and riot control gas

produce

nerve agents and riot control gas


Input: A classified US intelligence report identified a Chinese individual , Q.C. Chen , as `` a major supplier of glass - lined equipment and chemicals to Iran 's chemical weapons program . ''

report

US intelligence

report

supplier

a Chinese individual , Q.C. Chen

of glass - lined equipment and chemicals

to Iran 's chemical weapons program


Input: Chen is linked to Nocinco ( the North Chemical Industries Corp. ) , a company that was identified by the CIA as `` having delivered several hundred tons of carbon disulfide , an ingredient in nerve agents . ''

delivered

several hundred tons of carbon disulfide , an ingredient in nerve agents

Nocinco ( the North Chemical Industries Corp. ) , a company

that


Input: In 1995 , orders paid for by Razak Laboratories in Teheran and Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries in Tabriz , and brokered by Iran 's International Movalled Industries Corporation ( Imaco ) with the North Chemical Industries Corp. ( Nocinco ) , were not delivered .

orders

paid

orders

for

by Razak Laboratories in Teheran and Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries in Tabriz

delivered

orders paid for by Razak Laboratories in Teheran and Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries in Tabriz , and brokered by Iran 's International Movalled Industries Corporation ( Imaco ) with the North Chemical Industries Corp. ( Nocinco )


Input: In January - February 1997 , China supplied Iran with 40,000 barrels of calcium hypochlorite , a chemical - biological - radiological decontamination agent .

supplied

China

Iran

with 40,000 barrels of calcium hypochlorite , a chemical - biological - radiological decontamination agent


Input: In 1997 , Rex International Development Company Ltd. , a company affiliated with the Chinese company Norinco , supplied Iran with high - grade seamless steel pipes , suitable for handling corrosive materials , and associated with chemical weapons production .

supplied

Rex International Development Company Ltd. , a company affiliated with the Chinese company Norinco

Iran

with high - grade seamless steel pipes , suitable for handling corrosive materials , and associated with chemical weapons production

production

chemical weapons


Input: On 8 March 1996 , the Washington Post reported , `` US intelligence officials have concluded that companies in China are providing Iran with several virtually complete factories suited for making deadly poison gases , '' and that Iranian `` military - related organizations '' are buying from China glass - lined vessels for mixing precursors , special air - filtration equipment , and the technology to manufacture these items and others indigenously .

reported

the Washington Post

`` US intelligence officials have concluded that companies in China are providing Iran with several virtually complete factories suited for making deadly poison gases , '' and that Iranian `` military - related organizations '' are buying from China glass - lined vessels for mixing precursors , special air - filtration equipment , and the technology to manufacture these items and others indigenously

concluded

US intelligence officials

that companies in China are providing Iran with several virtually complete factories suited for making deadly poison gases , '' and that Iranian `` military - related organizations '' are buying from China glass - lined vessels for mixing precursors , special air - filtration equipment , and the technology to manufacture these items and others indigenously

providing

companies in China

Iran

with several virtually complete factories suited for making deadly poison gases

making

deadly poison gases

manufacture

these items and others

buying

Iranian `` military - related organizations ''

from China

glass - lined vessels for mixing precursors , special air - filtration equipment , and the technology to manufacture these items and others indigenously

mixing

precursors

deadly

poison gases


Input: In May 1998 , the London Daily Telegraph reported that `` Iran has concluded a secret deal with China to purchase banned chemicals that will enable it to become self-sufficient in producing large stockpiles of advanced nerve gas . ''

reported

the London Daily Telegraph

that `` Iran has concluded a secret deal with China to purchase banned chemicals that will enable it to become self-sufficient in producing large stockpiles of advanced nerve gas . ''

purchase

Iran

banned chemicals that will enable it to become self-sufficient in producing large stockpiles of advanced nerve gas

become

it

self-sufficient in producing large stockpiles of advanced nerve gas

producing

large stockpiles of advanced nerve gas


Input: Under the deal , concluded last month , China supplied Iran with 500 tons of phosphorus pentsulfide , material banned under the terms of the CWC if known to be used in a CW program .

supplied

China

Iran

with 500 tons of phosphorus pentsulfide , material banned under the terms of the CWC if known to be used in a CW program

used

material


Input: Previously in 1997 , a statement submitted by the office of Madeline Albright -- then US Secretary of State -- concluded that SinoChem had not been involved in any dual - use shipments to Iran .

statement

by the office of Madeline Albright -- then US Secretary of State --

involved

SinoChem

in any dual - use shipments to Iran

concluded

a statement submitted by the office of Madeline Albright -- then US Secretary of State --

that SinoChem had not been involved in any dual - use shipments to Iran

shipments

dual - use

to Iran


Input: Iran purchased atropine autoinjectors for antidotes to nerve gas from a Dutch company .

purchased

Iran

atropine autoinjectors for antidotes to nerve gas

from a Dutch company


Input: On 23 June 1996 , the Sunday Telegraph reported about a `` secret multi - million - pound deal with the Indian government which will supply banned materials used to manufacture poison gas . ''

reported

the Sunday Telegraph

about a `` secret multi - million - pound deal with the Indian government which will supply banned materials used to manufacture poison gas

supply

banned materials used to manufacture poison gas

which

a `` secret multi - million - pound deal with the Indian government

manufacture

poison gas

used

to manufacture poison gas

banned materials


Input: But security experts believe that the deal was authorized by Dr . Majid Tehrani Abbaspur , Iran 's chief security adviser and a close associate of President Rafsanjani .

associate

associate

of President Rafsanjani


Input: In early 1989 , Iran purchased 60 tons of thionyl chloride , a nerve agent precursor , from India .

purchased

Iran

60 tons of thionyl chloride , a nerve agent precursor

from India


Input: Israel has maintained military - industrial ties with Iran , according to an internal report , prepared for the Israeli defense ministry establishment in January 1998 .

report

prepared for the Israeli defense ministry establishment in January 1998

industrial


Input: Iran allegedly supplied Libya with chemical agents in 1987 in exchange for naval mines .

supplied

Iran

Libya

with chemical agents

exchange

for naval mines


Input: This allegation was brought forth mostly by US government sources and can not be verified .

allegation

by US government sources

verified

This allegation


Input: In the mid - 1980s , Mana International Investments , a company registered in Poland and controlled by Nachum Manbar , an Israeli businessman , supplied Iran with NBC protective suits .

supplied

Mana International Investments , a company registered in Poland and controlled by Nachum Manbar , an Israeli businessman

Iran

with NBC protective suits

suits

suits


Input: In 1988 , Spain supplied Iran with 200,000 respirators .

supplied

Spain

Iran

with 200,000 respirators


Input: In 1985 , Syria reportedly agreed to supply Iran with chemical weapons , but apparently later backed away from the offer .

supply

Syria

Iran

with chemical weapons


Input: On 18 December 1997 , the Islamic Republic News Agency ( IRNA ) reported that the Eastern railroad network , run by the Bonyad-e Mostazafan va Janbazan , has purchased 100 tank cars from Ukraine , specifically designed to transport highly toxic chemicals .

reported

the Islamic Republic News Agency ( IRNA )

that the Eastern railroad network , run by the Bonyad-e Mostazafan va Janbazan , has purchased 100 tank cars from Ukraine , specifically designed to transport highly toxic chemicals

purchased

100 tank cars

from Ukraine

specifically designed to transport highly toxic chemicals

the Eastern railroad network , run by the Bonyad-e Mostazafan va Janbazan

designed

100 tank cars

transport

100 tank cars

highly toxic chemicals


Input: According to Michael Eisenstadt , Iran initially obtained chemical agent precursors from the United States , Germany , and Japan .

obtained

Iran

chemical agent precursors

from the United States , Germany , and Japan


Input: When stricter export controls were imposed by these countries in the mid to late 1980s , Iran had to find alternative sources , such as India .

find

alternative sources , such as India

Iran


Input: In recent years , China has been the principal source of CW precursors , as well as production technology .

production


Input: Iran is currently working on becoming self sufficient in the production of these materials .

becoming

Iran

self sufficient in the production of these materials

production

of these materials


Input: Iran has a sophisticated base for the development of a chemical weapons program dating back to the Iran - Iraq War ( 1980 - 1988 ) -- a conflict that gave Iran strong incentives for developing a robust chemical defense capability .

conflict

developing

Iran

a robust chemical defense capability

defense

chemical


Input: There are several unclassified allegations and reports that suggest Iran has developed an offensive CW program as well .

allegations

that suggest Iran has developed an offensive CW program as well

reports

that suggest Iran has developed an offensive CW program as well

developed

Iran

an offensive CW program as well


Input: Most of these claims can not be verified in open sources .

claims

verified

Most of these claims

in open sources


Input: Imports such as thiodyglycol and thionyl chloride can be applied towards legitimate purposes such as dyes , textiles , and pesticides or can be diverted towards an illicit CW program .

applied

Imports such as thiodyglycol and thionyl chloride

towards legitimate purposes such as dyes , textiles , and pesticides

legitimate

purposes such as dyes , textiles , and pesticides

illicit

CW program


Input: 24 BILL : - and come up with a reason to go down .

up

with a reason to go down


Input: There 's some stuff that we could doin'tonight .

's

some stuff that we could doin'tonight


Input: 8 RICH : 'Cause the - the schedule I just got over here - well , you know what it says .

says

it

what

got

I

the schedule


Input: 28 BILL : Thanks a lot , Rich .

Thanks


Input: Although Iran 's economy is not flourishing , unemployment is high and there is a low level of internal unrest concerning the restrictive nature of the Islamic government , ballistic missile and weapons of mass destruction ( WMD ) development continue to receive very high commitments of financial and material resources -- and will likely do so for the foreseeable future .

receive

ballistic missile and weapons of mass destruction ( WMD ) development

very high commitments of financial and material resources


Input: Today , it possesses the second largest ( behind the Democratic People's Republic of Korea -- DPRK ) ballistic missile force in the third world and is near to developing a space launch vehicle and medium - range and intercontinental ballistic missiles that could threaten Europe and the continental United States .

developing

it

a space launch vehicle and medium - range and intercontinental ballistic missiles that could threaten Europe and the continental United States


Input: Given a favorable set of circumstances , Iran could achieve a true nuclear weapons delivery capability within the next five years .

delivery

nuclear weapons

achieve

a true nuclear weapons delivery capability

Iran


Input: The development of ballistic missiles and long - range artillery rockets within Iran can be divided into three broad chronological stages : Pre - revolution ( 1977 - 1979 ) ; Post - revolution and the war with Iraq ( 1980 - 1988 ) ; and Post War ( 1989 - Present ) .

war

with Iraq


Input: These include , but are not limited to : Necessities of war and the short distance to Iraqi strategic targets .

war


Input: This project was focused on the development of a longer ranged ( 150 - 200 km ) and more heavily armed version of the Israeli Gabriel anti - ship missile ( not as sometimes reported with the development of a ballistic missile based upon Israeli Jericho surface - to - surface missile technology ) .

reported

with the development of a ballistic missile based upon Israeli Jericho surface - to - surface missile technology

armed

version of the Israeli Gabriel anti - ship missile


Input: It is possible , however , that this subject was discussed , since General Toufanian apparently attended a test - launch of a Jericho missile .

discussed

this subject


Input: Also discussed at these meetings was an Iranian interest in extending Project Flower to include a future submarine launched variant and Iranian concerns over missile and nuclear developments in India and Pakistan .

discussed

an Iranian interest in extending Project Flower to include a future submarine launched variant and Iranian concerns over missile and nuclear developments in India and Pakistan


Input: The following year , Iran made a down payment for Project Flower by providing Israel with $280 million worth of oil .

payment

Iran

for Project Flower

$280 million worth of oil

providing

Israel

with $280 million worth of oil

Iran


Input: To support this project , a team of Iranian experts began construction of a missile assembly facility near Sirjan , in south central Iran , and a missile test range near Rafsanjan .

began

a team of Iranian experts

construction of a missile assembly facility near Sirjan , in south central Iran , and a missile test range near Rafsanjan

construction

of a missile assembly facility near Sirjan , in south central Iran , and a missile test range near Rafsanjan

assembly

missile

test

missile


Input: During February 1979 , the Imperial Iranian regime of the Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi collapsed , and along with it died Project Flower .

died

Project Flower


Input: At the time of the Islamic fundamentalist revolution in 1979 , Iran had no long - range artillery rocket or ballistic missile capabilities to speak of .

revolution

Islamic fundamentalist


Input: Thus began a see-saw race with Iraq for superiority in these weapons .

began

a see-saw race with Iraq for superiority in these weapons


Input: This race would last throughout the eight - year - long war .

war


Input: Iran , however , lost both the ballistic missile race and arguably the war , which only served to reinforce its desire to possess and produce ballistic missiles .

produce

its

ballistic missiles

war


Input: The casualties caused by these attacks and the Iranian inability to respond in kind resulted in an effort to acquire long - range artillery rockets and ballistic missiles -- especially the Scud-B . Iran also established several indigenous ballistic missile and rocket programs .

caused

The casualties

by these attacks

attacks

respond

Iranian

in kind

acquire

long - range artillery rockets and ballistic missiles -- especially the Scud-B

established

Iran

several indigenous ballistic missile and rocket programs


Input: The Soviet Union was then supplying Iraq with the Scud-B and those countries to which the Soviets had previously sold Scud-Bs were under contract not to transfer them to third parties .

supplying

The Soviet Union

Iraq

with the Scud-B

sold

the Soviets

Scud-Bs

those countries to which

transfer

them

to third parties

those countries to which the Soviets had previously sold Scud-Bs


Input: Sometime during 1984 , Iran successfully concluded a secret agreement with Libya for the purchase of a small number of MAZ-543P transporter - erector launchers ( TELs ) and Scud-B missiles .

purchase

of a small number of MAZ-543P transporter - erector launchers ( TELs ) and Scud-B missiles


Input: By the end of 1982 , there appears to have been four major components -- indigenous design and production of crude artillery rockets , the indigenous design and production of a artillery rocket comparable to the FROG-7A , the acquisition of Scud-B missiles , and the reverse engineering and production of the Scud-B. The greatest obstacle to developing any indigenous capabilities was the status of the Ministry of Defense 's Defense Industries Organization ( DIO ) , and later Islamic Revolution Guard Corps ( IRGC ) Construction Jihad , industrial infrastructure .

design

of crude artillery rockets

production

of crude artillery rockets

acquisition

of Scud-B missiles

developing

any indigenous capabilities

end

of 1982


Input: At that time , neither country possessed a system of the type requested by Iran .

requested

the type

by Iran


Input: As a result of a cease-fire agreement in early June , the first `` War of the Cities '' came to an end and neither side is reported to have launched any missiles for the remainder of the year .

end

the first `` War of the Cities ''

reported

neither side

to have launched any missiles for the remainder of the year