Input: This is a list of elections of the Chief Executive of Macau . Such elections are held every five years to Chief Executive of Macau . There are total of five Chief Executive elections in Macau since 1999 . On the 16 July 2014 current Chief Executive Fernando Chui Sai On announced his bid for reelection for CE office and promised `` a relatively radical change '' within his government . No other candidates has announced any intention to run for the CE office . On the 21 July , CE Fernando Chui Sai On was able to secure more than 66 electoral colleges . On 31 August 2014 , Fernando Chui Sai On was re-elected unopposed with total of 380 electoral college with 95.96 % of total votes . Fernando Chui Sai On promised to take opinions from more public and civil group he also stated he will fulfill all he promises during his campaign however he stayed muted about the new secretaries . During the election New Macau Association held rallies against the small circle undemocratic CE election and release 'unofficial ' electoral reform referendum over the next CE election . A total of 8,688 locals voted in an referendum on the electoral reform . The referendum was deemed illegal and breached of privacy by the Government of Macau . on the 18 april 2019 the third president of the legislative assembly of macau ho iat seng announced his bid for ce office and tendered his resignation as the president of al , member of al , member of the npcsc , and the 400 members election committee for the chief executive of macau which was temporary reduced to 399 members . On 23 April the Chairman of the NPCSC Li Zhanshu formally accepted Ho 's resignation from the NPCSC . on 5 july 2019 , ho officially resigned from legislative assembly of macau as president and member of al . On 23 June 2019 , Ho was able to secure 378 electoral colleges becoming the sole candidate for CE . The pro-democracy camp voices discontentment over the `` small circle '' undemocratic nature of the CE election .

accepted

Li Zhanshu

Ho 's resignation from the NPCSC

becoming

ho iat seng

Ho

ho

Ho

the sole candidate for CE

Macau

reduced

election committee for the chief executive of macau

members

ho iat seng

Ho

ho

Ho

399 members

Macau

change

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

Macau

Macau

a relatively radical change

elections

election committee for the chief executive of macau

the Chief Executive of Macau

Macau

election

election committee for the chief executive of macau

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

the Chief Executive of Macau

the Chief Executive of Macau

Macau

election

election committee for the chief executive of macau

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

the Chief Executive of Macau

the Chief Executive of Macau

Macau

elections

election committee for the chief executive of macau

the Chief Executive of Macau

Macau

elections

members election committee for the chief executive of macau

the Chief Executive of Macau

Macau

election

election committee for the chief executive of macau

elections of the Chief Executive of Macau

Macau

re-elected

election committee for the chief executive of macau

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

the Chief Executive of Macau

the Chief Executive of Macau

Macau

referendum

Macau

election

the Chief Executive of Macau

Macau

resigned

ho iat seng

Ho

ho

Ho

legislative assembly of macau as president and member of al

voted

A total of 8,688 locals

an referendum on the electoral reform

deemed

Macau

Macau

Macau

macau

Government of Macau

The referendum

The referendum was deemed illegal

breached of privacy

promised

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

more public

civil group

a relatively radical change '' within his government

promises

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

more public

civil group

he promises during his campaign

promised

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

more public

civil group

take opinions from more public and civil group

take

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

opinions from more public and civil group

Macau

announced

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

his bid for reelection for CE office

promised `` a relatively radical change '' within his government

announced

No other candidates

run for the CE office

announced

ho iat seng

Ho

ho

Ho

his bid for ce office

tendered his resignation as the president of al

member of al

member of the npcsc

the 400 members election committee for the chief executive of macau which was temporary reduced to 399 members

secure

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

electoral colleges

Macau

more than 66 electoral colleges

for reelection

secure

ho iat seng

Ho

ho

Ho

election committee for the chief executive of macau

Macau

378 electoral colleges

becoming the sole candidate for CE

tendered

ho iat seng

Ho

ho

Ho

his resignation as the president of al

member of al

member of the npcsc

the 400 members election committee for the chief executive of macau which was temporary reduced to 399 members

held

Macau

elections of the Chief Executive of Macau

elections of the Chief Executive of Macau

held

New Macau Association

Macau

rallies against the small circle undemocratic CE election

release 'unofficial ' electoral reform referendum over the next CE election

against the small circle undemocratic CE election

reform referendum over the next CE election

run

No other candidates

CE office

fulfill

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

all he promises during his campaign

Macau

reform

New Macau Association

elections of the Chief Executive of Macau

Macau

over the next CE election

release

New Macau Association

'unofficial ' electoral reform referendum over the next CE election

over the next CE election

stated

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

he will fulfill all he promises during his campaign

stayed

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

Fernando Chui Sai On

he

he

he

he

stayed muted about the new secretaries


Input: The 2012 Romanian protests were a series of protests and civil manifestations triggered by the introduction of new health reform legislation . In particular , President Traian Băsescu criticized the Deputy Minister of Health , Raed Arafat , on a Romanian television broadcast . The protests became violent , with both protesters and members of the Gendarmerie sustaining injuries during their clashes . On the morning of 5 February 2012 , Prime Minister Emil Boc announced his resignation because of the protests . He said that his decision would , Release the tension in the country 's political and social situation . Protests , on a lesser scale , continued in University Square in Bucharest . The protesters demanded the president 's resignation and early general elections . There were ongoing protests in Romania in subsequent months over a variety of disagreements .

became

The 2012 Romanian protests

violent

Romanian

injuries

protesters

members of the Gendarmerie

protesters

members of the Gendarmerie

Romanian

triggered

the introduction of new health reform legislation

The 2012 Romanian protests

resignation

He

Emil Boc

Prime Minister

Romanian

elections

president

president

Romanian

said

He

Emil Boc

his decision would , Release the tension in the country 's political and social situation

Romanian

announced

He

Emil Boc

his resignation

because of the protests

Romanian

criticized

president

Traian Băsescu

Raed Arafat

The 2012 Romanian protests

protests

protesters

president

Traian Băsescu

the introduction of new health reform legislation

The 2012 Romanian protests

Romanian

protests

protesters

president

Traian Băsescu

the introduction of new health reform legislation

The 2012 Romanian protests

Romanian

protests

protesters

president

Traian Băsescu

the introduction of new health reform legislation

The 2012 Romanian protests

Romanian

protests

protesters

president

Traian Băsescu

the introduction of new health reform legislation

The 2012 Romanian protests

Romanian

Protests

protesters

president

Traian Băsescu

the introduction of new health reform legislation

The 2012 Romanian protests

Romanian

protests

protesters

president

Traian Băsescu

the introduction of new health reform legislation

The 2012 Romanian protests

Romanian

disagreements

The protesters

protesters

demanded

protesters

president

Traian Băsescu

resignation

early general elections


Input: The 2006 Kolkata leather factory fire was a deadly industrial fire that occurred in West Bengal , India , on 22 November 2006 . The fire broke out in a leather bag factory located in the Tannix International , Topsia , in the South 24 Parganas district in Greater Kolkata area , and generated a wave of criticism of the poor safety standards in place among the country 's sweatshops . The industrial fire claimed the lives of at least ten people , who were unable to escape because the doors were locked shut illegally . Authorities , in response to local residents ' angry criticism , admitted that the emergency response to the accident was substandard . Two separate investigations were launched . One inquiry focused on the fire itself , while the other sought to ascertain criminal responsibility for the disaster as well as the operation of the illegal factory . The results of both are either pending or have yet to be released to the general public .

focused

Authorities

investigations

West Bengal

The 2006 Kolkata leather factory fire

fire

West Bengal

West Bengal

claimed the lives of at least ten people

fire

West Bengal

West Bengal

claimed the lives of at least ten people

fire

West Bengal

West Bengal

claimed the lives of at least ten people

fire

West Bengal

West Bengal

claimed the lives of at least ten people

accident

West Bengal

West Bengal

claimed the lives of at least ten people

disaster

West Bengal

West Bengal

claimed the lives of at least ten people

generated

The 2006 Kolkata leather factory fire

a wave of criticism of the poor safety standards in place among the country 's sweatshops

occurred

The 2006 Kolkata leather factory fire

West Bengal

response

Authorities

local residents ' angry criticism

India

response

Authorities

the emergency response to the accident was substandard

India

investigations

Authorities

The 2006 Kolkata leather factory fire

India

ascertain criminal responsibility for the disaster

the operation of the illegal factory

criticism

the poor safety standards in place among the country 's sweatshops

The 2006 Kolkata leather factory fire

criticism

local residents

the poor safety standards in place among the country 's sweatshops

The 2006 Kolkata leather factory fire

broke out

The 2006 Kolkata leather factory fire

a leather bag factory

launched

Authorities

Two separate investigations

India

escape

at least ten people

a leather bag factory

claimed

ascertain

Authorities

criminal responsibility for the disaster

the operation of the illegal factory

West Bengal


Input: Gordon Hill ( born 31 January 1966 ) , better known as The Wealdstone Raider , is an English builder who later gained prominence as an Internet meme . A long-time supporter of Wealdstone F.C. , he gained attention due to a humorous viral video of him heckling opposing supporters of Whitehawk F.C . at a football match in March 2013 , which ultimately ended in a 1–1 draw , with phrases such as `` You want some ? I 'll give it ya '' and `` You 've got no fans '' . However , the video did not reach its peak in popularity until December 2014 . An online article by BBC News included The Wealdstone Raider in the 'top memes and viral videos ' of December 2014 . The nickname `` Wealdstone Raider '' came from the title of the original video uploaded by YouTube user dazman21 . Coincidentally , Hill claims his brother also had the nickname of `` Raider '' for the past 10 years .

reach

a humorous viral video

its peak in popularity

opposing

Gordon Hill

supporters of Whitehawk F.C

match

Wealdstone F.C.

Whitehawk F.C

football

uploaded

the title of the original video

YouTube

gained

Gordon Hill

prominence

as an Internet meme

gained

Gordon Hill

prominence

as an Internet meme

give

Gordon Hill

opposing supporters of Whitehawk F.C

ended

a football match

in a 1–1 draw

claims

Gordon Hill

his brother also had the nickname of `` Raider '' for the past 10 years


Input: The naval Incident of Pacocha took place on 29 May 1877 when Nicolás de Piérola was leading a revolution to overthrow then Peruvian President Mariano Ignacio Prado . Piérola 's supporters used the Peruvian monitor `` Huáscar '' as a raiding ship . She harassed the shipping especially off El Callao , the main commercial port of Peru . However , after she boarded some British merchant ships , British authorities sent Rear Admiral de Horsey to capture the vessel . The Peruvian warship managed to outrun the British squadron after a fierce exchange of fire . `` Huáscar '' s guns were undermanned , and she fired just 40 rounds . `` Shah '' s mast was damaged by splinters . On the British side , `` Shah '' fired 237 shots and `` Amethyst '' 190 , but none of them carried armour-piercing ammunition . `` Huáscar '' was hit 60 times , but her armour shield defeated all the rounds . There was a last-ditch effort to stop or sink the rebels when two small torpedo rams from `` Shah '' attempted to find the `` Huáscar '' , but the Peruvian ship managed to escape under the cover of darkness . The rebel crew was forced to surrender their ship to the Peruvian government just two days later . This battle saw the first use of the newly invented self-propelled torpedo which , at the time , had just entered limited service with the Royal Navy . The torpedo was dodged by the rebel monitor .

entered

self-propelled torpedo

which

torpedo

Royal Navy

hit

Amethyst

Shah

Shah

Shah

`` Huáscar ''

Pacocha

carried

Shah

Shah

Shah

Amethyst

armour-piercing ammunition

`` Huáscar ''

leading

revolution

Mariano Ignacio Prado

Peruvian President

Peruvian

Peruvian

Peru

Peruvian

overthrow

Mariano Ignacio Prado

Peruvian President

Peruvian

Peruvian

Peru

Peruvian

defeated

her armour shield

all the rounds

Pacocha

capture

Rear Admiral de Horsey

Huáscar

port of Peru

The naval Incident of Pacocha

invented

self-propelled torpedo

which

torpedo

damaged

splinters

Shah

Shah

Shah

mast

Pacocha

find

two small torpedo rams from `` Shah

the `` Huáscar ''

Pacocha

Incident

Huáscar

Amethyst

Shah

Shah

Shah

Pacocha

battle

Huáscar

Amethyst

Shah

Shah

Shah

Pacocha

dodged

The torpedo

the rebel monitor

self-propelled torpedo

which

torpedo

stop

two small torpedo rams from `` Shah ''

the rebels

Pacocha

took place

Huáscar

Shah

Shah

Shah

Amethyst

Pacocha

overthrow then Peruvian President Mariano Ignacio Prado

escape

the Peruvian ship

Pacocha

sent

British authorities

de Horsey

some British merchant ships

capture the vessel

undermanned

`` Huáscar ''

guns

surrender

The rebel crew

Peruvian government

their ship

shots

`` Shah ''

`` Huáscar ''

Pacocha

fire

British squadron

The Peruvian warship

Pacocha

capture the vessel

fired

`` Huáscar ''

British squadron

Pacocha

fired

`` Shah ''

`` Huáscar ''

Pacocha

used

Piérola 's supporters

the Peruvian monitor `` Huáscar ''

Pacocha

She harassed the shipping especially off El Callao

use

The naval Incident of Pacocha

self-propelled torpedo

which

torpedo

Pacocha

The torpedo was dodged by the rebel monitor


Input: INK Entertainment is a hospitality and entertainment company headquartered in Toronto that maintains various properties , mostly nightclubs and restaurants , as well as a country club , two annual music festivals , two talent agencies , and a hotel currently under construction . Most of its properties are located in Toronto ( either in the city 's Entertainment District , Fashion District or in its ritzy Yorkville neighbourhood ) , with a few others in Montreal , Niagara Falls , the Miami area , and Las Vegas . Founded and run by the Lebanese-born entrepreneur Charles Khabouth , INK currently owns and operates Toronto 's Product nightclub , Dragonfly nightclub ( on Niagara Fallsview Casino Resort grounds ) , Cube nightclub and La Société restaurant . Furthermore , Ink , in partnership with Nick Di Donato 's Liberty Entertainment Group , is the parent company of Tattoo Queen West rock club and Spice Route bistro bar . Their partnership has since grown to include the Coral Gables Country Club located in south Miami , Florida . Ink has also teamed up with Lifetime Developments with the launch of Bisha Hotel & Residences , the newest private label hotel and residence brand to originate in Toronto since The Four Seasons in the 1960s .

operates

Product nightclub

Dragonfly nightclub

Cube nightclub

La Société restaurant

INK Entertainment

INK

Ink

Ink

Toronto

Toronto

Toronto

Toronto

teamed up

INK Entertainment

INK

Ink

Ink

Lifetime Developments

launch of Bisha Hotel & Residences

originate

newest private label hotel and residence brand

Toronto

Toronto

Toronto

Toronto

run

Charles Khabouth

INK Entertainment

INK

Ink

Ink

Founded

Charles Khabouth

INK Entertainment

INK

Ink

Ink

grown

Nick Di Donato

INK Entertainment

INK

Ink

Ink

partnership

Coral Gables Country Club

launch

Bisha Hotel & Residences

headquartered

INK Entertainment

INK

Ink

Ink

Toronto

Toronto

Toronto

Toronto

festivals

INK Entertainment

INK

Ink

Ink


Input: Electric Picnic is an annual arts-and-music festival which has been staged since 2004 at Stradbally Hall in Stradbally , County Laois , Ireland . It is organised by Pod Concerts and Festival Republic , who purchased the majority shareholding in 2009 . It was voted Best Medium-Sized European Festival at the 2010 European Festival Awards , and has been voted Best Big Festival at each of the last four Irish Festival Awards since they began in 2007 . The Picnic has been described as `` Ireland 's version of Glastonbury '' and `` a great inspiration to Latitude '' by one of its business partners , Laois . US magazine `` Billboard '' calling it as `` a magnificent rock n roll circus , a textbook example of everything a festival should be '' and `` Rolling Stone '' describing it as `` one of the best festivals we 've ever been to '' . The 2008 event was described by `` The Irish Times '' as `` the best Electric Picnic yet '' . Electric Picnic differs from other festivals in Ireland in that the music choice is more eclectic than the other mainstream events ( its history includes international acts such as Kraftwerk , Röyksopp , Nick Cave , Sonic Youth , New Order , Björk , Arcade Fire , Beastie Boys , The Stooges , The Chemical Brothers , Gary Numan , The Flaming Lips , Sigur Rós and Sex Pistols ) , and there is more emphasis on quality festival services ( such as food and sleeping arrangements ) and a generally more positive and relaxed atmosphere . There is also an emphasis on eco-friendly initiatives . Electric Picnic began as a one-day event in 2004 , before growing to a weekend-long festival within a year . The festival incorporates attractions such as the 24-hour cinema tent , the Body and Soul arena ( offering an ambient lounge with beanbags , massages and tarot card readings ) and the Comedy Tent ( curated by Gerry Mallon ) and a silent disco . In 2008 , Amnesty International attended the festival to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , whilst renowned American Burning Man artist , David Best constructed a Temple of Truth on site . Electric Picnic has been described as an `` enormously successful , award-winning , established brand '' which `` attempts to bring to life a microcosmic cultural experience where music is just the tip of the iceberg '' .

organised

Pod Concerts

Festival Republic

Electric Picnic

bring

Electric Picnic

a microcosmic cultural experience

incorporates

Electric Picnic

24-hour cinema tent

the Body and Soul arena

the Comedy Tent

a silent disco

differs

Electric Picnic

the music choice

more eclectic than the other mainstream events

more emphasis on quality festival services

a generally more positive and relaxed atmosphere

voted

Best Medium-Sized European Festival at the 2010 European Festival Awards

Electric Picnic

voted

Best Big Festival at each of the last four Irish Festival Awards

Electric Picnic

growing

Electric Picnic

a weekend-long festival

calling

Billboard

Electric Picnic

`` a magnificent rock n roll circus , a textbook example of everything a festival should be

began

Irish Festival Awards

Electric Picnic

has been voted Best Big Festival

began

Electric Picnic

as a one-day event

Stradbally

festival

Pod Concerts

Festival Republic

Electric Picnic

Stradbally

festival

Pod Concerts

Festival Republic

Electric Picnic

Stradbally

festival

Pod Concerts

Festival Republic

Electric Picnic

Stradbally

celebrate

Amnesty International

Electric Picnic

Stradbally

described

Laois

Electric Picnic

`` Ireland 's version of Glastonbury '' and `` a great inspiration to Latitude ''

described

`` The Irish Times ''

The 2008 event

`` the best Electric Picnic yet ''

describing

Rolling Stone

Electric Picnic

`` one of the best festivals we 've ever been to ''

described

an `` enormously successful , award-winning , established brand ''

'' which `` attempts to bring to life a microcosmic cultural experience where music is just the tip of the iceberg ''

offering

Electric Picnic

an ambient lounge with beanbags , massages and tarot card readings


Input: Typhoon Dot , known in the Philippines as Typhoon Saling , was the strongest storm of the 1985 season . Dot originated from a small area of thunderstorm activity in early to mid October . The system was first classified on October 11 , and steadily intensified over the next few days . Dot attained typhoon strength on October 15 , and subsequently entered a period of explosive deepening , which was not anticipated by forecasters . The next day the intensification rate slowed , but that evening , Dot attained its maximum intensify . A steady weakening trend began on October 17 , though the system maintained typhoon intensity through the passage of the Philippines . After entering the South China Sea late on October 18 , Dot briefly re-intensified , only to weaken as it approached Vietnam . On October 21 , Dot struck Vietnam while still a typhoon , but dissipated the next day over the high terrain of the nation . although damage across the philippines was less than initially expected , the typhoon lashed the nation with heavy rains . Province of Nueva Ecija suffered the worst effects from Dot . There , of crops and 90 % of all buildings were damaged . In Cabanatuan , 2,500 homes and 90 % of structures were destroyed . Overall , 42 towns were flooded , forcing a total of 125,000 people to flee their homes , 35,000 of which were homeless . Furthermore , 52,933 houses were leveled while an additional 200,450 were damaged . Nationwide , 24 were hurt . While tracking through the South China Sea , Dot passed through Hainan Island . There , two casualties occurred while 34 others suffered injuries . Across the island , over 2,300 dwellings were destroyed . In all , Dot was responsible for 90 deaths and $ 104.9 million ( 1985 USD ) in damage .

entering

Dot

South China Sea

South China Sea

entered

Dot

a period of explosive deepening

approached

Dot

Vietnam

struck

Dot

Vietnam

Vietnam

suffered

Dot

34 others

Hainan Island

the island

hurt

Dot

Philippines

suffered

Dot

90 % of all buildings

crops

Nueva Ecija

injuries

Dot

34 others

Hainan Island

the island

storm

Philippines

Philippines

philippines

Hainan Island

the island

Vietnam

Vietnam

Philippines

Philippines

philippines

Hainan Island

the island

Vietnam

Vietnam

90 % of all buildings were damaged

2,500 homes and 90 % of structures were destroyed

, 42 towns were flooded

a total of 125,000 people to flee their homes

35,000 of which were homeless

, 52,933 houses were leveled

an additional 200,450 were damaged

24 were hurt

two casualties

34 others suffered injuries

over 2,300 dwellings were destroyed

90 deaths

$ 104.9 million

flooded

Philippines

Philippines

42 towns

re-intensified

Dot

intensified

Dot

weaken

Dot

slowed

intensification rate

originated

Dot

a small area of thunderstorm activity

damaged

Dot

houses

Philippines

damage

Dot

crops

90 % of all buildings

In Cabanatuan , 2,500

90 % of structures

42 towns

125,000 people to flee their homes

35,000 of which were homeless

52,933 houses

additional 200,450 were damaged

2,300 dwellings

34 others suffered injuries

two casualties

90 deaths

$ 104.9 million

Hainan Island

the island

Philippines

Philippines

philippines

damaged

Dot

crops

90 % of all buildings

Nueva Ecija

damage

deaths

Dot

Hainan Island

the island

Philippines

Philippines

philippines

flee

125,000 people

homes

leveled

Dot

houses

52,933 houses

Philippines

destroyed

Dot

dwellings

over 2,300 dwellings

Hainan Island

the island

destroyed

Dot

homes

structures

90 % of structures

2,500 homes

Cabanatuan

dissipated

Dot

a small area of thunderstorm activity

over the high terrain of the nation

attained

Dot

maximum intensify

attained

Dot

typhoon strength

effects

forcing

Dot

125,000 people

Philippines

passed

Dot

Hainan Island

the island

a small area of thunderstorm activity

occurred

two casualties

Hainan Island

the island

maintained

Dot

typhoon intensity

began

A steady weakening trend

tracking


Input: The 2000 FIFA Club World Championship was the inaugural FIFA Club World Cup , the world club championship for men 's club association football teams . It took place in Brazil from 5 January to 14 January 2000 . FIFA as football 's international governing body selected Brazil as the host nation on 3 September 1997 as the bid was found to be the strongest among nine candidates . The draw was made at the Copacabana Palace in Rio de Janeiro on 14 October 1999 . All matches were played in Rio de Janeiro 's Estádio do Maracanã and São Paulo 's Estádio do Morumbi . Eight teams , two from South America , two from Europe and one each from North America , Africa , Asia and Oceania entered the tournament . The first Club World Cup match took place in São Paulo , and was won by Spanish club Real Madrid , who defeated Saudi club Al-Nassr 3–1 . Nicolas Anelka of France scored the first goal in Club World Cup history , while Brazilian champions Corinthians ' goalkeeper Dida posted the first official clean sheet in the tournament . Corinthians and Vasco da Gama each won their respective groups to qualify for the final . In front of a crowd of 73,000 , the final finished as a 0–0 draw after extra time . The title was decided by a penalty shoot-out that Corinthians won 4–3 . As winners , Corinthians received $ 6 million in prize money , while Vasco da Gama received $ 5 million . Necaxa beat Real Madrid in the third-place play-off to claim $ 4 million . Real Madrid received $ 3 million , and the other remaining teams were awarded $ 2.5 million .

entered

awarded

FIFA

the other remaining teams

Brazil

$ 2.5 million

Championship

Corinthians

Corinthians

Corinthians

Corinthians

football

The 2000 FIFA Club World Championship

Estádio do Maracanã

Estádio do Morumbi

Brazil

tournament

Corinthians

Corinthians

Corinthians

Corinthians

football

The 2000 FIFA Club World Championship

Estádio do Maracanã

Estádio do Morumbi

Brazil

tournament

Corinthians

Corinthians

Corinthians

Corinthians

football

The 2000 FIFA Club World Championship

Estádio do Maracanã

Estádio do Morumbi

Brazil

championship

football

FIFA Club World Cup

FIFA

matches

Corinthians

Corinthians

Corinthians

Corinthians

football

The 2000 FIFA Club World Championship

Estádio do Maracanã

Estádio do Morumbi

Brazil

match

Spanish club Real Madrid

Saudi club Al-Nassr

football

The first Club World Cup match

São Paulo

São Paulo

Brazil

beat

Necaxa

Brazil

who

Real Madrid

Real Madrid

Brazil

Real Madrid

football

in the third-place play-off

Brazil

Brazil

played

Corinthians

Corinthians

Corinthians

Corinthians

football

The 2000 FIFA Club World Championship

Estádio do Maracanã

Estádio do Morumbi

Brazil

selected

FIFA

Brazil as the host nation

as the bid was found to be the strongest among nine candidates

decided

Brazil

The title

a penalty shoot-out

Corinthians won 4–3

qualify

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Corinthians

Corinthians

Corinthians

Vasco da Gama

Vasco da Gama

scored

Nicolas Anelka

Brazil

the first goal in Club World Cup history

found

FIFA

the bid was found to be the strongest among nine candidates

finished

Corinthians

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Corinthians

Vasco da Gama

Vasco da Gama

the final

a 0–0 draw after extra time

Brazil

took place

FIFA

The 2000 FIFA Club World Championship

Brazil

took place

FIFA

Brazil

The first Club World Cup match

São Paulo

São Paulo

received

Vasco da Gama

Vasco da Gama

Brazil

$ 5 million

received

Brazil

who

Real Madrid

Real Madrid

Brazil

Real Madrid

Brazil

$ 3 million

received

Corinthians

Corinthians

Corinthians

Corinthians

Brazil

$ 6 million in prize money

claim


Input: The Battle of Chaeronea was fought in 338 BC , near the city of Chaeronea in Boeotia , between the Macedonians led by Philip II of Macedon and an alliance of some of the Greek city-states led by Athens and Thebes . The battle was the culmination of Philip 's final campaigns in 339-338 BC and resulted in a decisive victory for the Macedonians . Philip had brought peace to a war-torn Greece in 346 BC , by ending the Third Sacred War , and concluding his ten-year conflict with Athens for supremacy in the north Aegean , by making a separate peace . Philip 's much expanded kingdom , powerful army and plentiful resources now made him the `` de facto '' leader of Greece . To many of the fiercely independent city-states , Philip 's power after 346 BC was perceived as a threat , especially in Athens , where the politician Demosthenes led efforts to break away from Philip 's influence . In 340 BC Demosthenes convinced the Athenian assembly to sanction action against Philip 's territories and to ally with the Achaemenids in Byzantium , which Philip was besieging . These actions were against the terms of their treaty oaths and amounted to a declaration of war . In summer 339 BC , Philip therefore led his army towards South Greece , prompting the formation of an alliance of a few southern Greek states opposed to him , led by Athens and Thebes . After several months of stalemate , Philip finally advanced into Boeotia in an attempt to march on Thebes and Athens . Opposing him , and blocking the road near Chaeronea , was the allied army , similar in size and occupying a strong position . Details of the ensuing battle are scarce , but after a long fight the Macedonians crushed both flanks of the allied line , which then dissolved into a rout . The battle has been described as one of the most decisive of the ancient world . The forces of Athens and Thebes were destroyed , and continued resistance was impossible ; the war therefore came to an abrupt end . Philip was able to impose a settlement upon southern Greece , which all states accepted , with the exception of Sparta . The League of Corinth , formed as a result , made all participants allies of Macedon and each other , with Philip as the guarantor of the peace . In turn , Philip was voted as `` strategos '' ( general ) for a pan-Hellenic war against the Achaemenid Empire , which he had long planned . However , before he was able to take charge of the campaign , Philip was assassinated , and the Kingdom of Macedon and responsibility for the war with Persia passed instead to his son Alexander .

impose

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him

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Philip

Philip

he

he

Philip

South Greece

southern Greece

South Greece

southern Greece

a settlement

which all states accepted , with the exception of Sparta

opposed

a few southern Greek states

South Greece

planned

Philip II

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Philip

Philip

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him

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he

he

Philip

a pan-Hellenic war against the Achaemenid Empire

crushed

the Macedonians

both flanks of the allied line

then dissolved into a rout

besieging

Philip II

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Philip

Philip

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him

Philip

Philip

Philip

he

he

Philip

the Achaemenids in Byzantium

Byzantium

brought

Philip II

peace

a war-torn Greece

resulted in

The Battle of Chaeronea

a decisive victory for the Macedonians

amounted

sanction action against Philip 's territories

to ally with the Achaemenids in Byzantium

a declaration of war

made

Philip 's much expanded kingdom

powerful army

and plentiful resources

him the `` de facto '' leader of Greece

prompting

the formation of an alliance of a few southern Greek states

Philip therefore led his army towards South Greece

South Greece

voted

Philip II

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Philip

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him

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he

he

Philip

`` strategos '' ( general ) for a pan-Hellenic war against the Achaemenid Empire

formation

an alliance of a few southern Greek states

South Greece

a few southern Greek states

formed

League of Corinth

occupying

an alliance of a few southern Greek states

a strong position

making

Philip II

Philip

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him

Philip

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he

he

Philip

a separate peace

concluding his ten-year conflict with Athens for supremacy in the north Aegean

resistance

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him

Philip

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The forces of Athens and Thebes

break

Demosthenes

Demosthenes

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destroyed

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him

Philip

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he

he

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The forces of Athens and Thebes

dissolved

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victory

the Macedonians

an alliance of some of the Greek city-states led by Athens and Thebes

a decisive victory

near the city of Chaeronea in Boeotia

rout

the allied line

expanded

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kingdom

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war

passed

Philip II

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Philip

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him

Philip

Philip

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he

he

Philip

Alexander

Macedon

Macedonians

the Kingdom of Macedon

Macedon

responsibility for the war with Persia

Macedon

Macedonians

the Kingdom of Macedon

Macedon

blocking

an alliance of a few southern Greek states

Philip II

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Philip

Philip

Philip

Philip

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Philip

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him

Philip

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influence

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Battle

the Macedonians led by Philip II of Macedon

an alliance of some of the Greek city-states led by Athens and Thebes

near the city of Chaeronea in Boeotia

battle

the Macedonians led by Philip II of Macedon

an alliance of some of the Greek city-states led by Athens and Thebes

near the city of Chaeronea in Boeotia

battle

the Macedonians led by Philip II of Macedon

an alliance of some of the Greek city-states led by Athens and Thebes

near the city of Chaeronea in Boeotia

war

the Macedonians led by Philip II of Macedon

an alliance of some of the Greek city-states led by Athens and Thebes

near the city of Chaeronea in Boeotia

conflict

Philip II

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Philip

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Philip

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Philip

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him

Philip

Philip

Philip

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he

Philip

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

north Aegean

campaigns

the Macedonians led by Philip II of Macedon

an alliance of some of the Greek city-states led by Athens and Thebes

near the city of Chaeronea in Boeotia

fought

between the Macedonians led by Philip II of Macedon

an alliance of some of the Greek city-states led by Athens and Thebes

, near the city of Chaeronea in Boeotia

war

Demosthenes

Demosthenes

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fight

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the Macedonians

War

between the Macedonians led by Philip II of Macedon

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Philip

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Philip

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him

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an alliance of a few southern Greek states

Chaeronea

war

League of Corinth

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campaign

League of Corinth

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war

League of Corinth

Achaemenid Empire

march

Philip II

Philip

Philip

Philip

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Philip

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Philip

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Philip

him

Philip

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Philip

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he

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Boeotia

Thebes

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Opposing

an alliance of a few southern Greek states

Philip II

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Philip

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blocking the road near Chaeronea

ending

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Philip

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Philip

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Philip

Philip

Philip

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him

Philip

Philip

Philip

he

he

Philip

the Third Sacred War

end

The Battle of Chaeronea

concluding

Philip II

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Philip

Philip

Philip

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Philip

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him

Philip

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he

he

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his ten-year conflict with Athens

accepted

all states

with the exception of Sparta

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him

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Philip

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he

he

Philip

South Greece

southern Greece

a settlement upon southern Greece

sanction

convinced the Athenian assembly

Philip 's territories

Philip 's power after 346 BC was perceived as a threat

described

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one of the most decisive of the ancient world

settlement

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he

he

Philip

South Greece

southern Greece

convinced

Demosthenes

Demosthenes

the Athenian assembly

Athens

sanction action against Philip 's territories

ally with the Achaemenids in Byzantium


Input: The Wech Baghtu wedding party airstrike refers to the killing of about 37 Afghan civilians , mostly women and children , and injuring about 2 others by a United States military airstrike on 3 November 2008 . The group was celebrating a wedding at a housing complex in the village of Wech Baghtu , a Taliban stronghold in the Shah Wali Kot District of Kandahar province , Afghanistan . The Afghan government accused the Taliban of seeking shelter near the wedding party . On 7 November 2008 , Afghan officials said a joint investigation found that 37 civilians and 26 insurgents were killed in Wech Baghtu . Wedding parties in Afghanistan are segregated by sex ; of the civilians , 23 were children , 10 were women , and 4 were men . Another 27 persons were injured , including the bride . The bombing destroyed the housing complex where women and children had gathered to celebrate . On 5 November 2008 , Afghan President Hamid Karzai responded by demanding that newly elected US President Barack Obama end civilian deaths , stating `` Our demand is that there will be no civilian casualties in Afghanistan . We can not win the fight against terrorism with airstrikes — this is my first demand of the new president of the United States — to put an end to civilian casualties . ''

injured

a United States military airstrike

Another 27 persons

a housing complex in the village of Wech Baghtu , a Taliban stronghold in the Shah Wali Kot District of Kandahar province , Afghanistan

elected

Barack Obama

US President

the United States

gathered

women

children

the wedding party

the housing complex

celebrate

said

Afghan officials

a joint investigation found that 37 civilians and 26 insurgents were killed in Wech Baghtu

destroyed

The Wech Baghtu wedding party airstrike

the housing complex where women and children had gathered to celebrate

the housing complex where women and children had gathered to celebrate

Wedding

bride

wedding

bride

wedding

bride

wedding

bride

win

terrorism

Afghan

Afghanistan

Afghan

Afghanistan

Afghanistan

fight

airstrikes

accused

The Afghan government

Taliban

Taliban

seeking shelter near the wedding party

killed

United States military

37 civilians

26 insurgents

a housing complex in the village of Wech Baghtu , a Taliban stronghold in the Shah Wali Kot District of Kandahar province , Afghanistan

airstrike

found

a joint investigation

37 civilians and 26 insurgents were killed in Wech Baghtu

responded

Hamid Karzai

The Wech Baghtu wedding party airstrike

demanding that newly elected US President Barack Obama end civilian deaths

celebrating

Afghan civilians

the wedding party

a housing complex in the village of Wech Baghtu , a Taliban stronghold in the Shah Wali Kot District of Kandahar province , Afghanistan


Input: The West Virginia coal wars ( 1912–21 ) , also known as the mine wars , arose out of a dispute between coal companies and miners . The first workers strike , in West Virginia , was the Cabin Creek and Paint Creek strike of 1912-1913 . With help from Mary `` Mother Jones '' Harris Jones , an important figure in unionizing the mine workers , the miners demanded better pay , better work conditions , the right to trade where they pleased ( ending the practice of forcing miners to buy from company-owned stores ) , and recognition of the United Mine Workers ( UMW ) . The mining companies refused to meet the demands of the workers and instead hired Baldwin-Felts agents equipped with high-powered rifles to guard the mines and act as strikebreakers . After the Agents arrived , the miners either moved out or were evicted from the houses they had been renting from the coal companies , and moved into coal camps that were being supported by the Union . Approximately 35,000 people lived in these coal camps . A month after the strike began , hostilities began with the arrival of the Baldwin-Felts Agents who provoked the miners . socialist party activists began supplying miners with weapons : 6 machine guns , 1,000 high-powered rifles , and 50,000 rounds of ammunition . On September 1 , 1912 , approximately 6,000 unionized miners from across the Kanawha River crossed the river and declared their intent to kill the mine guards and destroy the company operations . Due to this threat , the mining companies deployed additional armed guards and awaited the miners ' attack . Consequently , the Governor proclaimed martial law to be in effect on September 2 , 1912 , seizing 1,872 high-powered rifles , 556 pistols , 6 machine guns , 225,000 rounds of ammunition , and 480 blackjacks - as well as large quantities of daggers , bayonets , and brass knuckles . On May 19 , 1920 , a shootout in Matewan , West Virginia , between agents of the Baldwin-Felts and local miners , who later joined the United Mine Workers of America , sparked what became known as the Battle of Blair Mountain , the largest insurrection in the United States since the American Civil War .

refused

coal companies

meet the demands of the workers

miners

West Virginia

deployed

coal companies

additional armed guards

awaited the miners ' attack

arrived

Baldwin-Felts agents

West Virginia

help

Mother Jones

miners

demanded better pay , better work conditions , the right to trade where they pleased

recognition of the United Mine Workers

West Virginia

joined

miners

United Mine Workers of America

provoked

Baldwin-Felts Agents

hostilities

arose

The West Virginia coal wars

West Virginia

dispute

buy

miners

company-owned stores

destroy

miners

company operations

West Virginia

hired

coal companies

Baldwin-Felts agents

guard the mines

act as strikebreakers

declared

miners

mine guards

coal companies

kill the mine guards

destroy the company operations

Kanawha River

seizing

kill

miners

The West Virginia coal wars

guards

The West Virginia

wars

miners

coal companies

West Virginia

wars

miners

coal companies

West Virginia

shootout

miners

agents of the Baldwin-Felts

Matewan

forcing

moved

miners

houses

coal camps

moved

miners

houses

coal camps

crossed

miners

Kanawha River

coal camps

guard

Baldwin-Felts agents

the mines

guard the mines

act as strikebreakers

practice

coal companies

West Virginia

forcing miners to buy from company-owned stores

sparked

agents of the Baldwin-Felts

local miners

shootout

Matewan

began

Baldwin-Felts

hostilities

West Virginia

provoked the miners

began

socialist party activists

supplying miners with weapons

West Virginia

began

miners

The first workers strike

West Virginia

dispute

miners

coal companies

evicted

Baldwin-Felts agents

miners

houses

coal camps

West Virginia

renting

miners

coal companies

houses

demanded

miners

coal companies

better pay , better work conditions , the right to trade where they pleased

and recognition of the United Mine Workers

demands

miners

coal companies

better pay , better work conditions , the right to trade where they pleased

and recognition of the United Mine Workers

proclaimed

the Governor

martial law

to be in effect on September

West Virginia

equipped

Baldwin-Felts agents

high-powered rifles

guard the mines

act as strikebreakers

supplying

socialist party activists

miners

weapons

supported

Union

miners

West Virginia

coal camps

threat

miners

coal companies

intent to kill the mine guards

and destroy the company operations


Input: The Eclipse Tour was a concert tour by American rock band Journey . It was in support of the group 's fourteenth studio album `` Eclipse '' . The album is Arnel Pineda 's second since joining the band in 2007 . Special guests on the 2011 tour include Foreigner and Night Ranger for most of the North American dates , Styx for the European dates , and Sweet for South American dates . The tour was the sixth top-grossing concert tour from July 23 , 2011 to September 23 , 2011 bringing in over $ 21 million and selling over 900,000 tickets . For the 2012 U.S. tour , special guests were Pat Benatar and Loverboy , and the guests for the 2013 tour were Deep Purple for the Australian dates , and Whitesnake for the European dates . For the 2014–2015 tour , the Steve Miller Band co-headlined . The 2016 tour saw the band play with The Doobie Brothers , as well as signal the return of `` classic '' drummer Steve Smith after longtime drummer Deen Castronovo was fired from the group . The 2017 tour had Asia co-headline , and also included the band 's induction and performance at their induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . This tour is also the longest-running in the entire history of the band .

play

American rock band Journey

The Doobie Brothers

the return of `` classic '' drummer Steve Smith

longtime drummer Deen Castronovo was fired from the group

joining

Arnel Pineda

American rock band Journey

bringing

The Eclipse Tour

over $ 21 million

co-headlined

American rock band Journey

Steve Miller

co-headline

American rock band Journey

Asia

selling

American rock band Journey

tickets

The Eclipse Tour

North American

South American

European

European

return

Steve Smith

saw

concert

American rock band Journey

Foreigner

Night Ranger

Styx

Sweet

Pat Benatar

Loverboy

Deep Purple

Whitesnake

the Steve Miller Band

The Doobie Brothers

Asia

The Eclipse Tour

North American

South American

Australian

European

European

support

The Eclipse Tour

the group 's fourteenth studio album `` Eclipse ''

North American

South American

Australian

European

European

tour

American rock band Journey

tour

American rock band Journey

Australian

European

European

tour

American rock band Journey

tour

American rock band Journey

tour

American rock band Journey

tour

American rock band Journey

Foreigner

Night Ranger

Styx

Sweet

North American

South American

European

European

tour

American rock band Journey

Foreigner

Night Ranger

Styx

Sweet

North American

South American

European

European

tour

American rock band Journey

North American

tour

American rock band Journey

North American

South American

Australian

European

European


Input: Hurricane Gabrielle was a North Atlantic hurricane that caused flooding in both Florida and Newfoundland in September of 2001 . It developed in the Gulf of Mexico on the same day as the September 11 attacks ; after the attacks , flights were canceled nationwide for two days , and when Gabrielle struck Florida on September 14 , it caused a day of additional cancellations . The storm moved ashore with winds of near Venice , a city located south of the Tampa Bay area . The combination of the winds and heavy rainfall , which peaked at in Parrish , left 570,000 customers without power along the west coast and 126,000 customers without power on the east coast . The storm caused about $ 230 million ( 2001 USD ) in damage in Florida . In the Gulf of Mexico , high waves contributed to two deaths , one of which was indirect ; there was also a death due to flooding in Winter Haven . After crossing the state , Gabrielle had the appearance of an occluded frontal low or subtropical cyclone ; this was after the convection decreased near the center . However , Gabrielle gradually re-intensified and became a hurricane on September 17 as it passed northwest of Bermuda . The hurricane reached peak winds of , but weakened subsequently due to wind shear . Gabrielle transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 19 , and later that day it passed just southeast of Newfoundland . The storm produced record rainfall that caused what was described the `` worst flooding in 100 years '' in St. John 's . Several roads and houses were flooded in the region . The extratropical remnants of Gabrielle continued to the northeast and dissipated on September 21 .

attacks

Hurricane Gabrielle

Gulf of Mexico

flights were canceled nationwide for two days

became

Gabrielle

a hurricane

northwest of Bermuda

hurricane

Florida

Newfoundland

Florida

Newfoundland

$ 230 million

two deaths

hurricane

Florida

Newfoundland

Florida

Newfoundland

$ 230 million

two deaths

flooding

Florida

Newfoundland

Florida

Newfoundland

flooding

Winter Haven

Winter Haven

a death

flooding

St. John 's

St. John 's

Several roads and houses were flooded in the region

cyclone

southeast of Newfoundland

southeast of Newfoundland

cyclone

the state

the state

caused

Gabrielle

about $ 230 million ( 2001 USD ) in damage in Florida

contributed

high waves

two deaths

caused

Hurricane Gabrielle

flooding in both Florida and Newfoundland in September of 2001

caused

Gabrielle

a day of additional cancellations

left

The combination of the winds and heavy rainfall

570,000 customers without power along the west coast and 126,000 customers without power on the east coast

caused

The storm

record rainfall

decreased

Gabrielle

the state

weakened

Gabrielle

re-intensified

Gabrielle

combination

the winds

heavy rainfall

left 570,000 customers without power along the west coast and 126,000 customers without power on the east

developed

Hurricane Gabrielle

Gulf of Mexico

transitioned

Gabrielle

hurricane

an extratropical cyclone

cancellations

Gabrielle

flights

Gabrielle struck Florida on September 14

canceled

Hurricane Gabrielle

flights

struck

damage

The storm

Florida

about $ 230 million

Florida

death

flooding in Winter Haven

Winter Haven

deaths

high waves

the Gulf of Mexico

flooded

The storm

St. John 's

Several roads and houses

St. John 's

dissipated

Gabrielle

moved

Gabrielle

Venice

passed

Gabrielle

southeast of Newfoundland

crossing

Gabrielle

the state

passed

Gabrielle

northwest of Bermuda

appearance

Gabrielle

the state

described

the `` worst flooding in 100 years '' in St. John 's


Input: The 2014 DFL-Supercup was the fifth edition of the German Super Cup under the name DFL-Supercup , an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season 's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions . It featured Bayern Munich , winners of the 2013–14 Bundesliga and Borussia Dortmund , the runners-up of the 2013–14 Bundesliga who also reached the 2014 DFB-Pokal final . Dortmund were the reigning champions , having beaten Bayern 4–2 in 2013 , although the season before , Bayern beat Dortmund 2–1 . Both teams had won four previous installments ( of seven attempts by Bayern and six by Dortmund ) , and thus the winner set a new record . The match took place on 13 August 2014 at Signal Iduna Park in Dortmund . Dortmund defeated Munich 2–0 to win their record fifth title .

reached

Bayern Munich

the 2014 DFB-Pokal final

contested

football

The 2014 DFL-Supercup

Signal Iduna Park

beaten

Dortmund

Bayern

football

match

football

The 2014 DFL-Supercup

Signal Iduna Park

match

football

The 2014 DFL-Supercup

Signal Iduna Park

beat

Bayern

Dortmund

football

competitions

football

DFB-Pokal

defeated

Dortmund

Munich

The 2014 DFL-Supercup

win

Dortmund

Munich

Signal Iduna Park

record fifth title

took place

Signal Iduna Park

The 2014 DFL-Supercup

set

the winner

a new record


Input: The anti-austerity movement in Greece involves a series of demonstrations and general strikes that took place across the country . The events , which began on 5 May 2010 , were provoked by plans to cut public spending and raise taxes as austerity measures in exchange for a bail-out , aimed at solving the Greek government-debt crisis . Three people were killed on 5 May in one of the largest demonstrations in Greece since 1973 . On , anti-austerity activists organised by the Direct Democracy Now ! movement , known as the Indignant Citizens Movement ( , `` Kínima Aganaktisménon-Politón '' ) , started demonstrating in major cities across Greece . This second wave of demonstrations proved different from the years before in that they were not partisan and began through peaceful means . Some of the events later turned violent , particularly in the capital city of Athens . Inspired by the anti-austerity protests in Spain , these demonstrations were organised entirely using social networking sites , which earned it the nickname `` May of Facebook '' . The demonstrations and square sit-ins were officially ended when municipal police removed demonstrators from Thessaloniki 's White Tower square on 7 August 2011 . On 29 June 2011 , violent clashes occurred between the riot police and activists as the Greek parliament voted to accept the EU 's austerity requirements . Incidents of police brutality were reported by international media such as the BBC , `` The Guardian '' , CNN iReport and `` The New York Times '' , as well as by academic research and organisations Amnesty International . The Athens Prosecutor agreed to an investigation into accusations of excessive use of tear gas , as well as the alleged use of other expired and carcinogenic chemical substances . the investigation is under way .

accept

the Greek parliament

accept the EU 's austerity requirements

Greece

violent clashes occurred between the riot police and activists

accept

agreed

The Athens Prosecutor

an investigation into accusations of excessive use of tear gas , as well as the alleged use of other expired and carcinogenic chemical substances

Greece

agreed

demonstrations

demonstrations

anti-austerity

organised

anti-austerity activists

Direct Democracy Now

organised

these demonstrations

anti-austerity

clashes

the riot police

activists

turned

Some of the events

violent

Athens

Athens

crisis

Greece

Greece

Greek government-debt crisis

provoked

plans to cut public spending and raise taxes

The anti-austerity movement

cut

public

Greece

cut public spending

raise

Greece

public

Greece

raise taxes

voted

the Greek parliament

accept the EU 's austerity requirements

exchange

cut public spending

raise taxes

a bail-out

Greece

investigation

The Athens Prosecutor

Greece

accusations of excessive use of tear gas

the alleged use of other expired and carcinogenic chemical substances

investigation

The Athens Prosecutor

Greece

accusations of excessive use of tear gas

the alleged use of other expired and carcinogenic chemical substances

killed

demonstrations

Three people

Greece

occurred

violent clashes

Greece

ended

municipal police

The demonstrations

square sit-ins

municipal police removed demonstrators from Thessaloniki 's White Tower square on 7 August 2011 .

White Tower square

began

anti-austerity activists

The anti-austerity movement

Greece

began

anti-austerity activists

Direct Democracy Now

Greece

started

anti-austerity activists

Direct Democracy Now

Greece

took place

anti-austerity activists

The anti-austerity movement

Greece

anti-austerity

demonstrations

protests

Spain

the anti-austerity protests

the anti-austerity protests

Spain

removed

municipal police

demonstrators

White Tower square

Greece

The demonstrations and square sit-ins were officially ended

reported

BBC

The Guardian

CNN iReport

The New York Times

Amnesty International

Incidents of police brutality

solving

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the Greek government-debt crisis

a bail-out

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anti-austerity activists

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events

movement

anti-austerity activists

Citizens

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Movement

anti-austerity activists

Citizens

Direct Democracy Now

Greece

accusations

excessive use of tear gas

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alleged

use of other expired and carcinogenic chemical substances

Greece


Input: The Demerara rebellion of 1823 was an uprising involving more than 10,000 slaves that took place in the colony of Demerara-Essequibo ( Guyana ) . The rebellion , which took place on 18 August 1823 and lasted for two days , was led by slaves with the highest status . In part they were reacting to poor treatment and a desire for freedom ; in addition , there was a widespread , mistaken belief that Parliament had passed a law for emancipation , but it was being withheld by the colonial rulers . Instigated chiefly by Jack Gladstone , a slave at `` Success '' plantation , the rebellion also involved his father , Quamina , and other senior members of their church group . Its English pastor , John Smith , was implicated . The largely non-violent rebellion was brutally crushed by the colonists under governor John Murray . They killed many slaves : estimates of the toll from fighting range from 100 to 250 . After the insurrection was put down , the government sentenced another 45 men to death , and 27 were executed . The executed slaves ' bodies were displayed in public for months afterwards as a deterrent to others . Jack was deported to the island of Saint Lucia after the rebellion following a clemency plea by Sir John Gladstone , the owner of `` Success '' plantation . John Smith , who had been court-martialed and was awaiting news of his appeal against a death sentence , died a martyr for the abolitionist cause . News of Smith 's death strengthened the abolitionist movement in Britain . Quamina , who is thought to have been the actual leader of the rebellion , was declared a national hero after Guyana 's independence . Streets and monuments have been dedicated to him in the capital of Georgetown , Guyana .

cause

abolitionist

strengthened

John Smith

John Smith

Smith

the abolitionist movement in Britain

uprising

the colony of Demerara-Essequibo

death

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John Smith

Smith

the colony of Demerara-Essequibo

died

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the colony of Demerara-Essequibo

death

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Smith

the colony of Demerara-Essequibo

death

45 men

The Demerara rebellion of 1823

the colony of Demerara-Essequibo

crushed

the colonists

The Demerara rebellion of 1823

dedicated

Quamina

Georgetown

Streets and monuments

killed

colonists

many slaves

the colony of Demerara-Essequibo

sentenced

the government

45 men

death

fighting

slaves

colonists

the colony of Demerara-Essequibo

took place

Jack Gladstone

Jack

The Demerara rebellion of 1823

the colony of Demerara-Essequibo

took place

Jack Gladstone

Jack

The Demerara rebellion of 1823

the colony of Demerara-Essequibo

deported

the government

Jack Gladstone

Jack

Saint Lucia

the colony of Demerara-Essequibo

reacting

slaves

poor treatment

rebellion


Input: The liberation of Isfahan was a direct result of the Battle of Murche-Khort in which the Persian army under Nader attacked and routed Ashraf 's Afghan army . The day after Murche-Khort on November 16 , 1729 Nader marched his army into Isfahan where the looting and mob violence that had gripped the city in the chaotic aftermath of Ashraf 's departure ceased immediately . Order was restored with many of the Afghans hiding throughout the city being dragged through the streets and massacred without mercy in reprisals . The tomb of Mahmud Hotaki was also another target of the mob 's rage , being demolished and later becoming home to a public toilet . Tahmasp II regains the Safavid capital . On December 9 , 1729 Nader awaited outside the city gates for the Shah 's arrival . Tahmasp was received in a ceremony in which as soon as he reached Nader 's person he `` dismounted from his horse in a show of respect whence Nader did likewise rushing forth to dissuade the Shah from his magnanimous deed , however the Shah insisted they walk together and expressed an inability to reward Nader 's ceaseless service to him . After a few more minutes of polite conversation the Shah remounted his steed and led the way back into the city with Nader following close behind '' . The Shah 's return was greeted with much jubilation from the citizens of Isfahan . Tahmasp however was reduced to tears when he witnessed the destitution and abject condition of the once glorious capital of a mighty empire .

Order

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return

Shah

Isfahan

arrival

Shah

the city gates

reached

Tahmasp

Nader 's person

attacked

Persian army

Afghan army

Ashraf

Ashraf

Order was restored with many of the Afghans hiding throughout the city being dragged through the streets and massacred without mercy in reprisals

looting

looting

Isfahan

Isfahan

becoming

The tomb of Mahmud Hotaki

a public toilet

The tomb of Mahmud Hotaki

reduced

Tahmasp

Isfahan

liberation

the Battle of Murche-Khort

Nader

Nader

Nader

Nader

Nader

Nader

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Afghan army

Isfahan

departure

Ashraf

Isfahan

demolished

mob

The tomb of Mahmud Hotaki

The tomb of Mahmud Hotaki

tears

expressed

Shah

Nader

an inability to reward Nader 's ceaseless service to him

regains

Tahmasp II

Shah

Shah

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he

Shah

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Isfahan

the Safavid capital

hiding

Afghans

Isfahan

Isfahan

the city

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Isfahan

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massacred

mob

Afghans

the streets

Battle

Persian army

Ashraf 's Afghan army

Ashraf

Ashraf

marched

Nader

Isfahan

rushing

Nader

dragged

Afghans

the streets

jubilation

walk

Shah

ceased

Ashraf 's departure

the looting and mob violence

Nader marched his army into Isfahan

Isfahan

received

Nader

Tahmasp

the city gates

a ceremony

Nader did likewise rushing forth to dissuade the Shah from his magnanimous deed

restored

Order

Isfahan

reward

Shah

Nader

Isfahan

expressed an inability

dissuade

Nader

Shah

from his magnanimous deed

violence

Isfahan

had gripped the city in the chaotic aftermath of Ashraf 's departure ceased immediately


Input: The Defence of the Reich ( ) is the name given to the strategic defensive aerial campaign fought by the `` Luftwaffe '' over German-occupied Europe and Nazi Germany during World War II . Its aim was to prevent the destruction of German civilians , military and civil industries by the Western Allies . The day and night air battles over Germany during the war involved thousands of aircraft , units and aerial engagements to counter the Allied strategic bombing campaign . The campaign was one of the longest in the history of aerial warfare and with the Battle of the Atlantic and the Allied Blockade of Germany was the longest of the war . the `` luftwaffe '' fighter force defended the airspace of german-occupied territory against attack , first by raf bomber command and then against the united states army air forces ( usaaf ) . In the early years , the `` Luftwaffe '' was able to inflict a string of defeats on Allied strategic air forces . In 1939 , Bomber Command was forced to operate at night , due to the extent of losses of unescorted heavy bombers flying in daylight . In 1943 , the USAAF suffered several reverses in daylight and called off the offensive over Germany in October . The British built up their bomber force and introduced navigational aids and tactics such as the bomber stream that enabled them to mount larger and larger attacks with an acceptable loss rate . However , the USAAF introduced the P-51 Mustang , a fighter capable of escorting the USAAF bombers to and from their targets in daylight . with new fighter tactics , the eighth air force gained air supremacy over nazi germany by the spring of 1944 against the `` luftwaffe '' . American strategic bombing raids in June-July 1944 seriously damaged twenty-four synthetic oil plants and sixty-nine refineries , which brought 98 % of all of Germany ’ s aviation fuel plants to halt and dropped monthly synthetic oil production to 51,000 tons . After these attacks , recovery efforts in the following month could only bring back 65 % of aviation fuel production temporarily . In the first quarter of 1944 , Nazi Germany produced 546,000 tons of aviation fuel , with 503,000 tons came from synthetic fuel by hydrogenation . Aviation fuel stock reserves had since dropped by 70 % in April 1944 , to 370,000 tons in June 1944 , and to 175,000 tons in November . Chronic fuel shortages , severe curtailment of flying training and further accelerated deterioration in pilot quality steadily decreased the `` Luftwaffe '' s effective fighting capabilities in the last months . By the end of the campaign , American forces claimed to have destroyed 35,783 enemy aircraft and the RAF claimed 21,622 , for a total of 57,405 German aircraft claimed destroyed . The USAAF dropped 1.46 million tons of bombs on Axis-occupied Europe while the RAF dropped 1.31 million tons , for a total of 2.77 million tons , of which 51.1 percent was dropped on Germany . In addition to the direct damages incurred by Germany 's industry and air force , the Wehrmacht was forced to use millions of men , thousands of artillery pieces , and hundreds of millions of shells in a desperate attempt to halt American-British Combined Bomber Offensive . From January 1942 to April 1943 , German arms industry grew by an average of 5.5 % monthly , and by summer 1943 , the systematic attack against German industry by Allied bombers , brought the overall armament production — during the period of May 1943 to March 1944 — to a complete halt . At the ministerial meeting in January 1945 , Albert Speer noted that , since the intensification of the bombing began , 35 percent fewer tanks , 31 percent fewer aircraft and 42 percent fewer lorries were produced as planned and as a direct result of the bombing . The German economy had to switch vast amount of resources away from equipment for the fighting fronts and assign them instead to combat the bombing threat . The intensification of night bombing by the RAF and daylight attacks by the USAAF added to the destruction of a major part of the German 's industries and cities , which caused the economy to collapse in the winter of 1944–45 . By this time , the Allied armies had reached the German border and the strategic campaign became fused with the tactical battles over the front . The air campaign continued until April 1945 , when the last strategic bombing missions were flown and it ended upon the capitulation of Germany on 8 May .

aim

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The Defence of the Reich

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planned

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reached

the Allied armies

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damaged twenty-four synthetic oil plants and sixty-nine refineries

bombing

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raids

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attack

Western Allies

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the airspace of german-occupied territory

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attacks

the USAAF

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added to the destruction of a major part of the German 's industries and cities

attack

Allied bombers

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the overall armament production

bombing

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bombing

the RAF

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added to the destruction of a major part of the German 's industries and cities

bombing

the Allied armies

Germany

Germany

became

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fused with the tactical battles

the front

suffered

Germany

Germany

Germany

Germany

Germany

the USAAF

the USAAF

inflict

the `` Luftwaffe ''

a string of defeats on Allied strategic air forces

brought

American strategic bombing raids in June-July 1944 seriously damaged twenty-four synthetic oil plants and sixty-nine refineries

98 % of all of Germany ’ s aviation fuel plants to halt and dropped monthly synthetic oil production to 51,000 tons

due

the extent of losses of unescorted heavy bombers flying in daylight

Bomber Command was forced to operate at night

result

the systematic attack against German industry by Allied bombers

35 percent fewer tanks , 31 percent fewer aircraft and 42 percent fewer lorries were produced as planned

caused

the destruction of a major part of the German 's industries and cities

the economy to collapse in the winter of 1944–45

dropped

monthly synthetic oil production

51,000 tons

Germany

decreased

the `` Luftwaffe '' s effective fighting capabilities

Chronic fuel shortages

severe curtailment of flying training

further accelerated deterioration in pilot quality

Germany

dropped

Aviation fuel stock reserves

dropped by 70 % in April 1944

to 370,000 tons in June 1944

to 175,000 tons in November

Nazi Germany

grew

German arms industry

by an average of 5.5 % monthly

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Germany

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added

The intensification of night bombing by the RAF

daylight attacks by the USAAF

the destruction of a major part of the German 's industries and cities

switch

The German economy

vast amount of resources

equipment for the fighting fronts

to combat the bombing threat

introduced

British

introduced

the USAAF

the USAAF

P-51 Mustang

fused

the strategic campaign

the tactical battles

defeats

the `` Luftwaffe ''

Germany

German-occupied Europe

Nazi Germany

nazi germany

Nazi Germany

The Defence of the Reich

produced

Nazi Germany

546,000 tons of aviation fuel

Nazi Germany

built

British

their bomber force

produced

German

aircraft

tanks

lorries

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production

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the overall armament production

damaged

American

twenty-four synthetic oil plants and sixty-nine refineries

Germany

damages

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USAAF

RAF

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Germany 's industry and air force

defensive

the Allied

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German-occupied Europe

Nazi Germany

nazi germany

Nazi Germany

defended

Western Allies

Allied

Allied

Allied

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the `` luftwaffe '' fighter force

the airspace of german-occupied territory

destruction

Western Allies

Allied

Allied

Allied

Allied

German civilians , military and civil industries

German-occupied Europe

Nazi Germany

nazi germany

Nazi Germany

destroyed

American forces

35,783 enemy aircraft

destroyed

American forces

the RAF claimed

a total of 57,405 German aircraft

destruction

the RAF

the USAAF

a major part of the German 's industries and cities

German

collapse

the RAF

the USAAF

The German economy

German

losses

unescorted heavy bombers

the extent of losses

loss

British

larger and larger attacks

training

gained

the eighth air force

nazi germany

air supremacy

given

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The Defence of the Reich

battles

Western Allies

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operate

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counter

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The Defence of the Reich

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counter the Allied strategic bombing campaign

escorting

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enabled

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halt

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halt

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halt

Allied bombers

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ended

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the capitulation of Germany

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began

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forced

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called

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the USAAF

called off the offensive

forced

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use millions of men , thousands of artillery pieces , and hundreds of millions of shells

assign

The German economy

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assign them instead to combat the bombing threat

meeting

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the ministerial meeting

claimed

RAF

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claimed

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American forces

a total of 57,405 German aircraft claimed destroyed

claimed

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have destroyed 35,783 enemy aircraft

noted

Albert Speer

since the intensification of the bombing began , 35 percent fewer tanks , 31 percent fewer aircraft and 42 percent fewer lorries were produced as planned and as a direct result of the bombing

use

Wehrmacht

millions of men

thousands of artillery pieces

hundreds of millions of shells

Germany

Germany

Germany

Germany

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halt American-British Combined Bomber Offensive


Input: Operation Dragoon ( initially Operation Anvil ) was the code name for the Allied invasion of Southern France on 15August 1944 . The operation was initially planned to be executed in conjunction with Operation Overlord , the Allied landing in Normandy , but the lack of available resources led to a cancellation of the second landing . By July 1944 the landing was reconsidered , as the clogged-up ports in Normandy did not have the capacity to adequately supply the Allied forces . Concurrently , the French High Command pushed for a revival of the operation that would include large numbers of French troops . As a result , the operation was finally approved in July to be executed in August . The goal of the invasion was to secure the vital ports on the French Mediterranean coast and increase pressure on the German forces by opening another front . After some preliminary commando operations , the US VI Corps landed on the beaches of the Côte d'Azur under the shield of a large naval task force , followed by several divisions of the French Army B . They were opposed by the scattered forces of the German Army Group G , which had been weakened by the relocation of its divisions to other fronts and the replacement of its soldiers with third-rate `` Ostlegionen '' outfitted with obsolete equipment . hindered by total allied air superiority and a large-scale uprising by the french resistance , the weak german forces were swiftly defeated . The Germans withdrew to the north through the Rhône valley , to establish a stable defense line at Dijon . Allied mobile units were able to overtake the Germans and partially block their route at the town of Montélimar . The ensuing battle led to a stalemate , with neither side able to achieve a decisive breakthrough , until the Germans were finally able to complete their withdrawal and retreat from the town . While the Germans were retreating , the French managed to capture the important ports of Marseille and Toulon , putting them into operation soon after . The Germans were not able to hold Dijon and ordered a complete withdrawal from Southern France . Army GroupG retreated further north , pursued by Allied forces . The fighting ultimately came to a stop at the Vosges mountains , where Army GroupG was finally able to establish a stable defense line . After meeting with the Allied units from Operation Overlord , the Allied forces were in need of reorganizing and , facing stiffened German resistance , the offensive was halted on 14September . Operation Dragoon was considered a success by the Allies . It enabled them to liberate most of Southern France in a time span of only four weeks , while inflicting heavy casualties on the German forces , although a substantial part of the best German units were able to escape . The captured French ports were put into operation , allowing the Allies to solve their supply problems soon after .

achieve

German

german

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Allies

Allies

a decisive breakthrough

approved

Allied

Allied

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Allied

Allied

Allies

Allies

Operation Dragoon

Normandy

Normandy

be executed in August

approved

opposed

the scattered forces of the German Army Group G

the US VI Corps landed

Côte d'Azur

the weak german forces were swiftly defeated

opposed

pursued

Allied forces

pursued

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planned

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The operation was initially planned to be executed in conjunction with Operation Overlord

ordered

German

german

Germans

Germans

Germans

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Germans

German

German

German

a complete withdrawal from Southern France

led to

the lack of available resources

a cancellation of the second landing

inflicting

Operation Dragoon

heavy casualties on the German forces

led to

Allied mobile units were able to overtake the Germans and partially block their route at the town of Montélimar

The ensuing battle led to a stalemate

increase

pressure on the German forces

Mediterranean

weakened

the relocation of its divisions to other fronts

the scattered forces of the German Army Group G

meeting with

the Allied forces

the Allied units from Operation Overlord

in need of reorganizing

facing

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defeated

Allied

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the weak german forces

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capture

French

German

german

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Germans

Germans

Germans

Germans

German

German

German

the important ports of Marseille and Toulon

Operation Dragoon

establish

German

german

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Germans

Germans

Germans

Germans

German

German

German

a stable defense line

Dijon

Dijon

establish

Army GroupG

Army GroupG

a stable defense line

the Vosges mountains

casualties

the German forces

Operation Dragoon

Normandy

Normandy

reconsidered

Allied

Allied

Allied

Allied

Allied

Allied

Allied

Allies

Allies

the landing was reconsidered

the clogged-up ports in Normandy did not have the capacity to adequately supply the Allied forces

hold

The Germans

Dijon

Dijon

Dijon

Dijon

defense

Allied

Allied

Allied

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Allied

Allies

Allies

German

german

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German

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defense

Allied forces

Army GroupG

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the Vosges mountains

hindered

total allied air superiority

a large-scale uprising by the french resistance

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block

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France

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resistance

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Allied

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Allies

the weak german forces

Normandy

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landed

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pushed

French High Command

followed

several divisions of the French Army B

Côte d'Azur

came to

opening

Allied

Allied

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Allied

Allied

Allied

Allied

Allies

Allies

another front

Mediterranean

secure the vital ports

putting

the French

capture the important ports of Marseille and Toulon

into operation

put

Allied

Allied

Allied

Allied

Allied

Allied

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Allies

Allies

The captured French ports

allowing

The captured French ports

the Allies

solve their supply problems soon after

halted

the Allied forces

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complete

German

german

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Germans

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Germans

German

German

German

their withdrawal

Montélimar

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solve

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The captured French ports were put into operation

withdrew

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Southern France

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Allied

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Allies

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Input: The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union ( USSR ) and Finland . it began with a soviet invasion of finland on 30 november 1939 , three months after the outbreak of world war ii , and ended three and a half months later with the moscow peace treaty on 13 march 1940 . The League of Nations deemed the attack illegal and expelled the Soviet Union from the organisation . The conflict began after the Soviets sought to obtain some Finnish territory , demanding among other concessions that Finland cede substantial border territories in exchange for land elsewhere , claiming security reasons—primarily the protection of Leningrad , from the Finnish border . Finland refused , so the USSR invaded the country . Many sources conclude that the Soviet Union had intended to conquer all of Finland , and use the establishment of the puppet Finnish Communist government and the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 's secret protocols as evidence of this , while other sources argue against the idea of the full Soviet conquest . Finland repelled Soviet attacks for more than two months and inflicted substantial losses on the invaders while temperatures ranged as low as . After the Soviet military reorganised and adopted different tactics , they renewed their offensive in February and overcame Finnish defences . hostilities ceased in march 1940 with the signing of the moscow peace treaty . Finland ceded 11 percent of its territory representing 30 percent of its economy to the Soviet Union . Soviet losses were heavy , and the country 's international reputation suffered . Soviet gains exceeded their pre-war demands and the USSR received substantial territory along Lake Ladoga and in northern Finland . Finland retained its sovereignty and enhanced its international reputation . The poor performance of the Red Army encouraged Adolf Hitler to think that an attack on the Soviet Union would be successful and confirmed negative Western opinions of the Soviet military . After 15 months of Interim Peace , in June 1941 , Nazi Germany commenced Operation Barbarossa and the Continuation War between Finland and the USSR began .

refused

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland cede substantial border territories in exchange for land elsewhere

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

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Soviet

Soviet

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country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

the USSR invaded the country

argue

other sources

the Soviet Union had intended to conquer all of Finland

invasion

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

the moscow peace treaty

invaded

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

the moscow peace treaty

suffered

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

the country 's international reputation

inflicted

Finland repelled Soviet attacks for more than two months

substantial losses on the invaders

enhanced

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

international reputation

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

exceeded

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

gains

their pre-war demands

adopted

the Soviet military

different tactics

deemed

organisation

League of Nations

The Winter War

the attack illegal

overcame

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

The Winter War

repelled

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

exchange

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

land elsewhere

substantial border territories

obtain

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

some Finnish territory

retained

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

its sovereignty

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

ended

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

The Winter War

the moscow peace treaty

ceased

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

The Winter War

the signing of the moscow peace treaty

began

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

the Soviets sought to obtain some Finnish territory

began

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

The Winter War

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

a soviet invasion of finland on 30 november 1939

commenced

Nazi Germany

Operation Barbarossa

Germany

began

Nazi Germany

the Continuation War

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

received

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

substantial territory along Lake Ladoga and in northern Finland

renewed

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

their offensive

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

reorganised

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

the Soviet military

expelled

organisation

League of Nations

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

organisation

League of Nations

demanding

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland cede substantial border territories in exchange for land elsewhere

claiming

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

security reasons—primarily

the protection of Leningrad , from the Finnish border

ceded

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

11 percent of its territory

cede

Finland

finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

country

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Finland

Finland

Finland

Finnish

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

substantial border territories

use

Soviet Union

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviets

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet

Soviet Union

Soviet

country

Soviet

USSR

Soviet Union

Soviet

USSR

soviet

the establishment of the puppet Finnish Communist government

the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 's secret protocols

confirmed

Red Army

negative Western opinions of the Soviet military