Input: The Kochi International Book Festival is an annual event conducted at the coastal city of Kochi , Kerala , India . This festival is organized by the AntharashtraPusthakotsava Samithi , Kochi , a registered charitable society established to promote reading , encourage writing and to heighten an awareness of Literacy and Literary arts in the State of Kerala . The festival is past its 11th edition now . The number of stalls has increased over the years , and there were close to 300 stalls during the 2007 edition of the festival . The Book Festival , referred in local language as Antharashtra Pustakolsav . It is usually conducted during the December of every year , although it started off as a January festival .

conducted

AntharashtraPusthakotsava Samithi

The Kochi International Book Festival

Kochi

Kochi

Kochi

conducted

AntharashtraPusthakotsava Samithi

The Book Festival

Kochi

Kochi

Kochi

organized

AntharashtraPusthakotsava Samithi

The Kochi International Book Festival

established

AntharashtraPusthakotsava Samithi

Kochi

Kochi

Kochi

promote reading

encourage writing

heighten an awareness of Literacy and Literary arts in the State of Kerala

heighten

Kerala

State of Kerala

an awareness of Literacy and Literary arts

Kerala

State of Kerala

encourage

writing

Kerala

State of Kerala

increased

stalls

number

close to 300 stalls during the 2007 edition of the festival

Kochi

Kochi

Kochi

promote

AntharashtraPusthakotsava Samithi

reading

Kerala

State of Kerala

referred

The Book Festival

Antharashtra Pustakolsav

local language

started

AntharashtraPusthakotsava Samithi

The Book Festival

Kochi

Kochi

Kochi

Festival

AntharashtraPusthakotsava Samithi

The Kochi International Book Festival

Kochi

Kochi

Kochi

event

AntharashtraPusthakotsava Samithi

The Kochi International Book Festival

Kochi

Kochi

Kochi

festival

AntharashtraPusthakotsava Samithi

The Kochi International Book Festival

Kochi

Kochi

Kochi

festival

AntharashtraPusthakotsava Samithi

The Kochi International Book Festival

Kochi

Kochi

Kochi

festival

AntharashtraPusthakotsava Samithi

The Kochi International Book Festival

Kochi

Kochi

Kochi

Festival

AntharashtraPusthakotsava Samithi

The Kochi International Book Festival

Kochi

Kochi

Kochi

festival

AntharashtraPusthakotsava Samithi

The Kochi International Book Festival

Kochi

Kochi

Kochi


Input: Aeroflot Flight 593 was a regular passenger flight from Sheremetyevo International Airport , Moscow , to Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong . On 23 March 1994 , the aircraft operating the route , an Airbus A310-304 flown by Aeroflot – Russian International Airlines , crashed into a mountain range in Kemerovo Oblast , Russia , killing all 63 passengers and 12 crew members on board . No evidence of a technical malfunction was found . Cockpit voice and flight data recorders revealed the presence of the relief pilot 's 12-year-old daughter and 16-year-old son on the flight deck . While seated at the controls , the pilot 's son had unknowingly disengaged the A310 's autopilot control of the aircraft 's ailerons . The autopilot then disengaged completely causing the aircraft to roll into a steep bank and a near-vertical dive . Despite managing to level the aircraft , the first officer over-corrected when pulling up , causing the plane to stall and enter into a corkscrew dive ; the pilots managed to level the aircraft off once more , but by then the plane had lost too much altitude to recover and crashed into the Kuznetsk Alatau mountain range .

enter

Airbus A310-304

operating

Airbus A310-304

Aeroflot – Russian International Airlines

malfunction

Aeroflot Flight 593

Kemerovo Oblast

crashed

crashed

Kemerovo Oblast

Kemerovo Oblast

killing all 63 passengers

and 12 crew members

crashed

Airbus A310-304

the Kuznetsk Alatau mountain range

causing

the first officer over-corrected when pulling up

the plane to stall and enter into a corkscrew dive

causing

The autopilot then disengaged completely

aircraft to roll into a steep bank and a near-vertical dive

level

Airbus A310-304

over-corrected

stall and enter into a corkscrew dive

level

the pilots managed to level the aircraft off once more

crashed

stall

Airbus A310-304

over-corrected when pulling up

a corkscrew dive

near-vertical dive

managing

the first officer

an Airbus A310-304

pulling up

control

autopilot

the aircraft 's ailerons

lost

Airbus A310-304

altitude

killing

crashed into a mountain

passengers

crew members

Kemerovo Oblast

found

evidence of a technical malfunction

Kemerovo Oblast

pulling

the first officer

near-vertical dive

up

roll into

Airbus A310-304

a steep bank

a near-vertical dive

flown

Airbus A310-304

Kemerovo Oblast

dive

Airbus A310-304

corkscrew

dive

Airbus A310-304

near-vertical

seated

the pilot 's son

controls

presence

12-year-old daughter

16-year-old son

flight deck

recover

the pilots

Airbus A310-304

disengaged

the pilot 's son

autopilot control

controls

The autopilot then disengaged completely

disengaged

autopilot control

autopilot

then disengaged completely

revealed

the presence of the relief pilot 's 12-year-old daughter and 16-year-old son on the flight deck

Cockpit voice

flight data recorders


Input: Operation Earnest Will ( 24 July 1987 – 26 September 1988 ) was the American military protection of Kuwaiti-owned tankers from Iranian attacks in 1987 and 1988 , three years into the Tanker War phase of the Iran–Iraq War . It was the largest naval convoy operation since World War II . The U.S. Navy warships that escorted the tankers , part of U.S . naval forces central command , were the operations ' most visible part , but u.s. air force awacs radar planes provided surveillance and u.s. army unk helicopters hunted for possible attackers . Other U.S. Navy vessels participated in Operation Earnest Will . They were then under the command of the U.S. Navy 's Seventh Fleet which had primary responsibility for combat operations in the Persian Gulf region . The numerous ships used in Operation Earnest Will mostly consisted of Carrier Battle Groups , Surface Action Groups and ships from the Pacific 's Third and Seventh Fleets and the Mediterranean-based Sixth Fleet . They generally operated in and near the Gulf for parts of their normal six-month deployments . This was the first tactical operation of the United States Special Operations Command ( USSOCOM ) that involved Navy SEALs , Special Boat Units , and 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment ( Airborne ) ( `` Nightstalkers '' ) aviators all working together .

deployments

Carrier Battle Groups

Surface Action Groups

Pacific 's Third and Seventh Fleets

Mediterranean-based Sixth Fleet

attacks

Iranian

Kuwaiti-owned tankers

operated

Carrier Battle Groups

Surface Action Groups

Pacific 's Third and Seventh Fleets

Mediterranean-based Sixth Fleet

Gulf

working together

USSOCOM

tactical operation

command

U.S. Navy 's Seventh Fleet

U.S. Navy vessels

command

naval forces central

The U.S. Navy warships

Operation

U.S

American

Iranian

operation

U.S

American

Iranian

operations

U.S

American

Iranian

operation

U.S

American

Iranian

participated

U.S. Navy vessels

Operation Earnest Will

escorted

The U.S. Navy warships

Kuwaiti-owned tankers

naval convoy operation

provided

u.s. air force

surveillance

used

Carrier Battle Groups

Surface Action Groups

Pacific 's Third and Seventh Fleets

Mediterranean-based Sixth Fleet

Operation Earnest Will


Input: air france flight 1611 ( unk ) was a sud aviation unk caravelle iii en route from the island of corsica to nice , france , on 11 september 1968 when it crashed into the mediterranean sea off nice , killing all 95 on board . According to the official report , the crash was non-survivable . The crash is the deadliest aviation incident in the Mediterranean Sea to date . Among the dead was French general René Cogny . The probable cause was attributed to a fire which originated in the rear of the cabin . A radio programme broadcast by BBC Radio 4 on 26 November 2007 advanced the theory that the accident was the result of a missile strike or bomb , and that the true cause has been suppressed by the French Government under secrecy laws . On 10 May 2011 Michel Laty , a former army typist , alleged on French television channel TF1 that he saw a report indicating a missile , misfired by the French army during a weapon test , in fact caused the crash . A 2019 article in `` The Guardian '' newspaper reported that after the crash , documents and photographs about it disappeared . The 11 September page in the log book for `` Le Suffren '' , a French Navy missile frigate in the area , was torn out . The aircraft 's black box flight recorder was said to have been damaged , with the recording of flight AF1611 unreadable , although earlier flights were recorded . Wreckage recovered was seized by France 's military . An investigation was started in 2011 by gendarmes , and in September 2019 the theory that a fire had started in a toilet was disproved . A family member of one of those killed said `` The investigating judge has said he is practically certain to almost 100 % that the plane was hit by a missile . Now we are waiting '' . French president Emmanuel Macron wrote to a victim 's family saying that he hoped the affair would be declassified , and that he had asked the armed forces minister to begin the process of releasing documents related to the crash . Official report from French transport ministry . In December 1972 BEA , the French air accident investigation bureau , published its official report . This rejected the suggestion of any missile strike , basing its findings on the aircraft 's survival time after the pilot 's initial report to air traffic control of a fire on board , the examination of the wreckage recovered from the seabed , knowledge of a similar accidental fire in another Sud Aviation Caravelle and the declaration by the French defence ministry that there were no surface ships in the area capable of launching missiles . The report surmised that the loss of the aircraft had been caused by a fire in the passenger toilet caused either by a defective water heater or a cigarette discarded in a waste bin .

rejected

the French air accident investigation bureau

the suggestion of any missile strike

france

hit

missile

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

killing all 95 on board

crashed

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

killing all 95 on board

crash

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

killing all 95 on board

crash

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

killing all 95 on board

incident

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

killing all 95 on board

accident

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

killing all 95 on board

crash

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

killing all 95 on board

crash

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

killing all 95 on board

crash

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

killing all 95 on board

fire

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

killing all 95 on board

fire

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

killing all 95 on board

cause

a fire which originated in the rear of the cabin

the crash

caused

a missile , misfired by the French army during a weapon test

the crash

basing

its findings on the aircraft 's survival time after the pilot 's initial report to air traffic control of a fire on board

the examination of the wreckage recovered from the seabed

knowledge of a similar accidental fire in another Sud Aviation Caravelle and the declaration by the French defence ministry that there were no surface ships in the area capable of launching missiles

This rejected the suggestion of any missile strike

caused

a fire in the passenger toilet

the crash

caused

a defective water heater

a cigarette discarded in a waste bin

a fire in the passenger toilet

cause

that the accident was the result of a missile strike or bomb

the crash

advanced

A radio programme broadcast by BBC Radio 4

the theory that the accident was the result of a missile strike or bomb

BBC Radio 4

originated

a fire

in the rear of the cabin

surmised

the French air accident investigation bureau

the loss of the aircraft

the loss of the aircraft had been caused by a fire in the passenger toilet caused either by a defective water heater or a cigarette discarded in a waste bin

wrote

he

Emmanuel Macron

he

he hoped the affair would be declassified , and that he had asked the armed forces minister to begin the process of releasing documents related to the crash

damaged

The aircraft 's black box flight recorder

dead

95 on board

the crash

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

killed

95 on board

the crash

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

torn

French army

a French Navy missile frigate

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

strike

a missile

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

killing all 95 on board

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

strike

a missile

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

killing all 95 on board

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

loss

air france flight 1611

it

aircraft

flight AF1611

aircraft

aircraft

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

declaration

French defence ministry

there were no surface ships in the area capable of launching missiles

suppressed

the French Government

the theory that the accident was the result of a missile strike or bomb

investigation

gendarmes

the crash

The probable cause

examination

the French air accident investigation bureau

the wreckage recovered from the seabed

france

The probable cause

killing

air france flight 1611 ( unk ) was a sud aviation unk caravelle iii en route from the island of corsica to nice , france , on 11 september 1968 when it crashed into the mediterranean sea

all 95 on board

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

findings

started

gendarmes

An investigation

The probable cause

begin

the armed forces minister

the process of releasing documents related to the crash

started

a fire

the crash

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

releasing

documents related to the crash

published

the French air accident investigation bureau

official report

recorded

earlier flights

recovered

French army

the wreckage

from the seabed

recovered

French army

Wreckage

mediterranean sea

Mediterranean Sea

reported

A 2019 article in `` The Guardian '' newspaper

documents and photographs about it

after the crash , documents and photographs about it disappeared

report

French transport ministry

asked

he

Emmanuel Macron

he

the armed forces minister

begin the process of releasing documents related to the crash

indicating

a report

a missile , misfired by the French army during a weapon test , in fact caused the crash

saying

he

Emmanuel Macron

he

he hoped the affair would be declassified , and that he had asked the armed forces minister to begin the process of releasing documents related to the crash

suggestion

any missile strike

said

The investigating judge

he is practically certain to almost 100 % that the plane was hit by a missile

said

The aircraft 's black box flight recorder was said to have been damaged

said

A family member of one of those killed

The investigating judge has said he is practically certain to almost 100 % that the plane was hit by a missile .

Now we are waiting

alleged

Michel Laty

he

he saw a report indicating a missile , misfired by the French army during a weapon test , in fact caused the crash

test

French army

a missile

fire


Input: The 2008 Stanford Super Series was a cricket tournament sponsored by Texan billionaire Allen Stanford . The tournament was played between 25 October – 1 November consisting of 5 warm-up matches and a US $ 20 million for the grand finale . This final match was played between the Stanford Superstars and England . Before it began , the tournament was threatened with cancellation due to a row between Digicel , the West Indies Cricket Board 's ( WICB ) main sponsor , and Stanford . Digicel argued that it should get sponsorship rights because it is WICB 's sponsorship rights holder and that the tournament was officially sanctioned by the WICB . All 2008 Super Series matches took place at the Stanford Cricket Ground in Antigua , and started at 5:30 pm local time ( 9:30 pm in the United Kingdom ) . All games were aired on Sky Sports in the UK .

match

between the Stanford Superstars

England

cricket

The 2008 Stanford Super Series

Stanford Cricket Ground

played

the Stanford Superstars

England

cricket

The 2008 Stanford Super Series

Stanford Cricket Ground

tournament

the Stanford Superstars

England

cricket

The 2008 Stanford Super Series

Stanford Cricket Ground

tournament

the Stanford Superstars

England

cricket

The 2008 Stanford Super Series

Stanford Cricket Ground

played

the Stanford Superstars

England

cricket

The 2008 Stanford Super Series

Stanford Cricket Ground

aired

Sky Sports

All games

Sky Sports

get

Digicel

Digicel

sponsorship rights

took place

Stanford Cricket Ground

The 2008 Stanford Super Series

began

The 2008 Stanford Super Series

Stanford Cricket Ground

started

The 2008 Stanford Super Series

Stanford Cricket Ground

sanctioned

WICB

WICB

The 2008 Stanford Super Series

argued

Digicel

Digicel

that it should get sponsorship rights because it is WICB 's sponsorship rights holder and that the tournament was officially sanctioned by the WICB

sponsored

Allen Stanford

Stanford

The 2008 Stanford Super Series

threatened

to a row between Digicel , the West Indies Cricket Board 's ( WICB ) main sponsor , and Stanford

The 2008 Stanford Super Series


Input: The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 sometimes referred to as the Great Upheaval , began on July 14 in Martinsburg , West Virginia , United States after the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad ( B & O ) cut wages for the third time in a year . This strike finally ended some 45 days later , after it was put down by local and state militias , and federal troops . Because of economic problems and pressure on wages by the railroads , workers in numerous other cities , in New York , Pennsylvania and Maryland , into Illinois and Missouri , also went out on strike . An estimated 100 people were killed in the unrest across the country . In Martinsburg , Pittsburgh , Philadelphia and other cities , workers burned down and destroyed both physical facilities and the rolling stock of the railroads—engines and railroad cars . Local populations feared that workers were rising in revolution such as the Paris Commune of 1871 . at the time , the workers were not represented by trade unions . The city and state governments organized armed militias , aided by national guard , federal troops and private militias organized by the railroads , who fought against the workers . Disruption was widespread and at its height , the strikes were supported by about 100,000 workers . With the intervention of federal troops in several locations , most of the strikes were suppressed by early August . Labor continued to work to organize into unions to work for better wages and conditions . Fearing the social disruption , many cities built armories to support their militias ; these defensive buildings still stand as symbols of the effort to suppress the labor unrest of this period . With public attention on workers ' wages and conditions , the B & O in 1880 founded an Employee Relief Association to provide death benefits and some health care . In 1884 it established a worker pension plan . Other improvements generally had to await further economic growth and associated wage increases .

organized

The city

state governments

armed militias

fought against the workers

plan

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

B & O

B & O

a worker pension plan

organized

the railroads

private militias

organize

Labor

unions

for better wages

conditions

aided

national guard

federal troops

private militias organized by the railroads

The city

state governments

fought against the workers

United States

work

Labor

United States

work

Labor

United States

burned

workers

physical facilities

rolling stock of the railroads—engines

railroads—engines

railroad cars

Pittsburgh

Philadelphia

Martinsburg

Martinsburg

other cities

established

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

B & O

B & O

a worker pension plan

built

many cities

armories

United States

support their militias

rising

workers

revolution

United States

feared

workers

Local populations

United States

suppress

local

state militias

federal troops

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

suppress

suppressed

of federal troops

most of the strikes

suppressed

founded

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

B & O

B & O

Employee Relief Association

Martinsburg

Martinsburg

provide death benefits

some health care

destroyed

workers

physical facilities

the rolling stock of the railroads—engines

railroads—engines

railroad cars

Philadelphia

Pittsburgh

Martinsburg

Martinsburg

other cities

killed

the unrest across the country

An estimated 100 people

United States

fought

the workers

The city

state governments

United States

went out

workers

New York

Pennsylvania

Maryland

Illinois

Missouri

referred

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

the Great Upheaval

stand

many cities

these defensive buildings

United States

represented

trade unions

ended

local

state militias

federal troops

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Martinsburg

Martinsburg

began

workers

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Martinsburg

Martinsburg

provide

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

B & O

B & O

workers

death benefits

some health care

supported

by about 100,000 workers

workers

United States

about 100,000 workers

support

many cities

their militias

United States

armories


Input: Zaire 74 was a three-day live music festival that took place on September 22 to 24 , 1974 at the 20th of May Stadium in Kinshasa , Zaire ( now Democratic Republic of the Congo ) . The concert , conceived by South African trumpeter Hugh Masekela and record producer Stewart Levine , was meant to be a major promotional event for the heavyweight boxing championship match between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman , known as The Rumble in the Jungle . When an injury forced Foreman to postpone the fight by six weeks , the festival 's intended audience of international tourists was all but eliminated and Levine had to decide whether or not to cancel the event . The decision was made to move forward , and 80,000 people attended . In addition to promoting the Ali-Foreman fight , the Zaire 74 event was intended to present and promote racial and cultural solidarity between African American and African people . Thirty one performing groups , 17 from Zaire and 14 from overseas , performed . Featured performers included top R & B and soul artists from the United States such as James Brown , Bill Withers , B.B . King , and The Spinners as well as prominent African performers such as Miriam Makeba , TPOK Jazz , and Tabu Ley Rochereau . Other performers included Celia Cruz and the Fania All-Stars .

eliminated

the festival 's intended audience of international tourists

an injury forced Foreman to postpone the fight by six weeks

eliminated

promote

the Zaire 74

racial

cultural solidarity

between African American and African people

promoting

Zaire 74

the Ali-Foreman fight

Kinshasa

postpone

an injury

the heavyweight boxing championship match

injury forced Foreman

cancel

Levine

Stewart Levine

conceived

Hugh Masekela

Levine

Stewart Levine

Zaire 74

Kinshasa

be a major promotional event for the heavyweight boxing championship match between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman

present and promote racial and cultural solidarity between African American and African people

made

Levine

Stewart Levine

The decision

move forward

decide

Levine

Stewart Levine

whether or not to cancel the event

an injury forced Foreman to postpone the fight by six weeks

performed

Thirty one performing groups

Kinshasa

Zaire 74

forced

George Foreman

Foreman

Kinshasa

attended

present

the Zaire 74 event

Kinshasa

took place

Hugh Masekela

Levine

Stewart Levine

Zaire 74

Kinshasa

promoting the Ali-Foreman fight

present and promote racial and cultural solidarity between African American and African people

festival

Hugh Masekela

Levine

Stewart Levine

Thirty one performing groups

James Brown

Bill Withers

King

The Spinners

Miriam Makeba

TPOK Jazz

Tabu Ley Rochereau

Celia Cruz

Fania All-Stars

Zaire 74

Kinshasa


Input: operation unk ( ) was a military offensive undertaken by the croatian army ( `` hrvatska vojska '' UNK hv ) against the yugoslav people 's army ( `` unk narodna armija '' UNK jna ) and sao western slavonia territorial defense forces in the sava river valley , in the region of western slavonia during the croatian war of independence . The operation began on 29 October 1991 and ended on 3 January 1992 when a nationwide ceasefire was signed to implement the Vance plan . The offensive was aimed at recapturing the region , in conjunction with two other HV offensives launched against SAO Western Slavonia in the north of the region within days . Even though the offensive captured a portion of the targeted area , including the town of Lipik as the first of the larger settlements captured by the HV during the war , the mission objectives were not met before the ceasefire took effect . SAO Western Slavonia retained control of the town of Okučani and its surroundings , including a short section of the Zagreb–Slavonski Brod motorway . The halting of Operation Hurricane-91 due to the ceasefire of 3 January 1992 led to opposing assessments on the possible outcomes of the offensive had there been no ceasefire . Assessments range from claims that the JNA was on the brink of defeat in the area , to estimates that the HV was too exhausted and its ammunition stocks too low to permit a successful conclusion of the offensive . The three HV offensives launched in Western Slavonia in late-1991 led to the displacement of approximately 20,000 Croatian Serb refugees who were later settled in the JNA-held Baranja region in eastern Croatia .

implement

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

JNA

yugoslav people 's army

jna

JNA-held

sao western slavonia territorial defense forces

Vance

Western Slavonia

western slavonia

undertaken

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

sao western slavonia territorial defense forces

JNA

yugoslav people 's army

jna

JNA-held

Western Slavonia

western slavonia

a military offensive

offensives launched against SAO Western Slavonia

a nationwide ceasefire was signed

aimed

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

two other HV offensives

a military offensive

Western Slavonia

western slavonia

SAO Western Slavonia

sao western slavonia

SAO Western Slavonia

led to

ceasefire

The halting of Operation Hurricane-91

led to

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

the displacement of approximately 20,000 Croatian Serb refugees

estimates

Assessments

range

ceasefire

took effect

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

SAO Western Slavonia

sao western slavonia

SAO Western Slavonia

Western Slavonia

western slavonia

ceasefire

captured

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

SAO Western Slavonia

sao western slavonia

SAO Western Slavonia

Lipik

Operation Hurricane-91

captured

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

SAO Western Slavonia

sao western slavonia

SAO Western Slavonia

Western Slavonia

western slavonia

Operation Hurricane-91

operation

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

sao western slavonia territorial defense forces

JNA

yugoslav people 's army

jna

JNA-held

SAO Western Slavonia

sao western slavonia

SAO Western Slavonia

launched

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

SAO Western Slavonia

sao western slavonia

SAO Western Slavonia

retained

SAO Western Slavonia

sao western slavonia

SAO Western Slavonia

Okučani

Okučani

permit

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

Operation Hurricane-91

ammunition stocks too low

ceasefire

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

JNA

yugoslav people 's army

jna

JNA-held

sao western slavonia territorial defense forces

Operation Hurricane-91

a nationwide ceasefire was signed

SAO Western Slavonia

sao western slavonia

SAO Western Slavonia

ended

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

JNA

yugoslav people 's army

jna

JNA-held

sao western slavonia territorial defense forces

Operation Hurricane-91

a nationwide ceasefire was signed

Western Slavonia

western slavonia

began

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

Operation Hurricane-91

Western Slavonia

western slavonia

offensives launched against SAO Western Slavonia

launched

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

offensives

Western Slavonia

western slavonia

settled

displacement of approximately 20,000 Croatian Serb refugees

settled in the JNA-held Baranja region

claims

the JNA was on the brink of defeat in the area

assessments

Operation Hurricane-91

opposing assessments

signed

croatian army

hrvatska vojska

hv

HV

HV

HV

HV

JNA

yugoslav people 's army

jna

JNA-held

sao western slavonia territorial defense forces

a nationwide ceasefire


Input: The Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas was an uprising against the Qing dynasty of China , which broke out in 1757 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor . The rebels were led by the Younger Khoja ( also known as Khwāja-i Jahān ) , leader of the . Qing era documents refer to the event as the `` Pacification of the Muslim regions '' ( ) . Hojijan and his brother , the Elder Khoja ( also known as Burhān al-Dīn ) , were members of the Central Asian Muslim Zhuo ( 卓 ) Clan . After the Qing at the end of the Dzungar–Qing Wars in 1755 , the Khoja Brothers were released from Dzungar captivity whereupon they began to recruit followers in the Western Regions around Altishahr . Not long afterwards , the Khoit-Oirat prince Amursana rose up against the Qing and the Khoja Brothers used the opportunity to seize control of the south west part of Xinjiang . In 1757 , Hojijan killed the Qing Amindao ( ) . Qianlong retaliated the following year by sending troops to locations including Kuqa County , ( modern day Yarkant County ) and Hotan ( ) to attack the Zhuo brothers . In 1759 , the rebel army fled west through the Pamir Mountains to Badakhshan ( now part of north east Afghanistan ) where it was captured and destroyed by the ruling Sultan Shah , causing the revolt to subside . With the revolt pacified , the Qing completed the reintegration of their territory in one of Qianlong 's Ten Great Campaigns . The end of the conflict saw the restoration of the territory south of the Tian Shan to Qing control meaning that the Qing now controlled the whole of Xinjiang . After the appointment of an the Xinjiang area remained peaceful for the next 60 years .

captured

Sultan Shah

the rebel army

Badakhshan

attack

Qianlong

Qianlong

Qianlong Emperor

the Zhuo brothers

Kuqa County

Kuqa County

Yarkant County

led

causing

it was captured and destroyed by the ruling Sultan Shah

the revolt to subside

rose

Amursana

Qing dynasty

Qing

Qing

Qing

Qing

Qing

Qing

control

Khoja Brothers

Khojas

Khoja Brothers

Zhuo brothers

Xinjiang

control

Qing

Xinjiang

controlled

the Qing

Xinjiang

destroyed

Sultan Shah

the rebel army

Badakhshan

seize

Khoja Brothers

Khojas

Khoja Brothers

Zhuo brothers

Xinjiang

killed

Hojijan

Hojijan

Amindao

conflict

Sultan Shah

the rebel army

Tian Shan

completed

the Qing

the reintegration of their territory in one of Qianlong 's Ten Great Campaigns

Tian Shan

broke out

Younger Khoja

Khwāja-i Jahān

The Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas

Altishahr

Altishahr

Xinjiang

Xinjiang

Xinjiang

the Qing dynasty of China

began

Khoja Brothers

Khojas

Khoja Brothers

Zhuo brothers

recruit followers

Altishahr

Altishahr

Xinjiang

Xinjiang

Xinjiang

released

Khoja Brothers

Khojas

Khoja Brothers

Zhuo brothers

Dzungar

fled

the rebel army

Badakhshan

retaliated

Qianlong

Qianlong

Qianlong Emperor

the Zhuo brothers

sending troops

Kuqa County

Kuqa County

Yarkant County

refer

Qing era documents

the event as the `` Pacification of the Muslim regions

Qing dynasty

Qing

Qing

Qing

Qing

Qing

Qing

used

Khoja Brothers

Khojas

Khoja Brothers

Zhuo brothers

opportunity

seize control of the south west part of Xinjiang


Input: the gulf war ( 2 august unk february 1991 ) , codenamed operation desert shield ( 2 august unk january 1991 ) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of saudi arabia and operation desert storm ( 17 january unk february 1991 ) in its combat phase , was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states against iraq in response to iraq 's invasion and annexation of kuwait arising from oil pricing and production disputes . The war is also known under other names , such as the Persian Gulf War , First Gulf War , Gulf War I , Kuwait War , First Iraq War or Iraq War , before the term `` Iraq War '' became identified instead with the post-2003 Iraq War . the war has also earned the nickname video game war after the daily broadcast of images from cameras on board us bombers during operation desert storm . On 2 August 1990 the Iraqi Army invaded and occupied Kuwait , which was met with international condemnation and brought immediate economic sanctions against Iraq by members of the UN Security Council . Together with the UK prime minister Margaret Thatcher , who had resisted the invasion by Argentina of the Falkland Islands a decade earlier , American President George H. W. Bush deployed US forces into Saudi Arabia , and urged other countries to send their own forces to the scene . An array of nations joined the coalition , forming the largest military alliance since World War II . The great majority of the coalition 's military forces were from the US , with Saudi Arabia , the United Kingdom and Egypt as leading contributors , in that order . Kuwait and Saudi Arabia paid around US $ 32 billion of the US $ 60 billion cost . The war marked the introduction of live news broadcasts from the front lines of the battle , principally by the US network CNN . The initial conflict to expel Iraqi troops from Kuwait began with an aerial and naval bombardment on 17 January 1991 , continuing for five weeks . This was followed by a ground assault on 24 February . This was a decisive victory for the coalition forces , who liberated Kuwait and advanced into Iraqi territory . The coalition ceased its advance and declared a ceasefire 100 hours after the ground campaign started . Aerial and ground combat was confined to Iraq , Kuwait , and areas on Saudi Arabia 's border . Iraq launched Scud missiles against coalition military targets in Saudi Arabia and against Israel .

deployed

George H. W. Bush

US forces

invasion

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

saudi arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

invaded

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

saudi arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

assault

coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states

Iraqi Army

Kuwait

became

the term `` Iraq War ''

identified instead with the post-2003 Iraq War

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

joined

35 nations led by the united states

coalition forces

in response to iraq 's invasion and annexation of kuwait arising from oil pricing and production disputes

brought

members of the UN Security Council

immediate economic sanctions

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

storm

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

operation desert storm

advanced

coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states

Iraqi

met with

On 2 August 1990 the Iraqi Army invaded and occupied Kuwait

international condemnation

arising

annexation of kuwait

saudi arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

oil pricing

production disputes

forming

the largest military alliance since World War II

coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states

paid

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

saudi arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

around US $ 32 billion of the US $ 60 billion cost

occupied

Iraqi Army

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

cost

the gulf war

US $ 60 billion

defense

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states

saudi arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

saudi arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

resisted

Argentina of the Falkland Islands

earned

the gulf war

the nickname video game war

declared

coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states

a ceasefire 100 hours after the ground campaign started

Iraqi

known

the gulf war

combat

coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

battle

coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

combat

coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states

Iraqi Army

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

areas on Saudi Arabia 's border

conflict

coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states

Iraqi Army

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

launched

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Israel

coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

ceased

coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states

the gulf war

Iraqi

started

coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states

the ground campaign

Iraqi

began

coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states

the gulf war

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

Kuwait

an aerial and naval bombardment

marked

CNN

the gulf war

the front lines of the battle

response

coalition forces from 35 nations led by the united states

iraq

Iraq

Iraq

Iraq

the gulf war

send

other countries

their own forces

saudi arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

urged

George H. W. Bush

other countries

send their own forces to the scene

send their own forces to the scene


Input: Braathens SAFE Flight 253 , also known as the Hummelfjell Accident ( ) , occurred on 7 November 1956 at 9:50 , when a de Havilland Heron crashed into the mountain Hummelfjell in Tolga , Norway . The Braathens SAFE aircraft was en route from Trondheim Airport , Værnes to Oslo Airport , Fornebu . While passing Røros the Heron started experiencing a rapidly accelerating atmospheric icing which soon was too extensive for the ice protection system to handle . Combined with downdraft , the aircraft lost sufficient lift to stay airborne . The pilots were able to turn around the aircraft , but it hit Hummelfjell at an altitude of above mean sea level . The aircraft 's captain was killed in the impact and a passenger died shortly afterwards . Ten people survived the crash , which was the first fatal accident of Braathens SAFE . Amongst the survivors was Rolf Kirkvaag , at the time Norway 's most popular radio host . The search and rescue operation was severely hindered by a blizzard and poor visibility . Kirkvaag and another person left the plane after a day and met a rescue party . The investigation concluded that there were neither technical faults with the aircraft nor pilot error , and that it was not possible to predict the weather conditions which caused the icing .

hit

de Havilland Heron

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

The aircraft 's captain was killed

a passenger died

Accident

Braathens SAFE Flight 253

Braathens SAFE aircraft

Heron

aircraft

aircraft

it

aircraft

aircraft

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

The aircraft 's captain was killed

a passenger died

crashed

Braathens SAFE Flight 253

Braathens SAFE aircraft

Heron

aircraft

aircraft

it

aircraft

aircraft

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

The aircraft 's captain was killed

a passenger died

impact

Braathens SAFE Flight 253

Braathens SAFE aircraft

Heron

aircraft

aircraft

it

aircraft

aircraft

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

The aircraft 's captain was killed

a passenger died

crash

Braathens SAFE Flight 253

Braathens SAFE aircraft

Heron

aircraft

aircraft

it

aircraft

aircraft

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

The aircraft 's captain was killed

a passenger died

accident

Braathens SAFE Flight 253

Braathens SAFE aircraft

Heron

aircraft

aircraft

it

aircraft

aircraft

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

The aircraft 's captain was killed

a passenger died

blizzard

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

caused

weather conditions

the icing

accelerating

atmospheric icing

Combined

downdraft

a rapidly accelerating atmospheric icing

the aircraft lost sufficient lift to stay airborne

turn

The pilots

de Havilland Heron

Røros

icing

Røros

met

a rescue party

another person

Rolf Kirkvaag

Kirkvaag

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

occurred

the Hummelfjell Accident

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

concluded

The investigation

there were neither technical faults with the aircraft nor pilot error

it was not possible to predict the weather conditions which caused the icing

died

a passenger

the Hummelfjell Accident

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

left

Rolf Kirkvaag

Kirkvaag

another person

de Havilland Heron

lost

de Havilland Heron

sufficient lift to stay airborne

Røros

hindered

a blizzard

poor visibility

The search and rescue operation

investigation

Norway

Norway

plane

the Hummelfjell Accident

killed

the Hummelfjell Accident

The aircraft 's captain

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

experiencing

de Havilland Heron

a rapidly accelerating atmospheric icing

Røros

operation

rescue party

people

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

passing

de Havilland Heron

Røros

Trondheim Airport

Oslo Airport

started

de Havilland Heron

experiencing a rapidly accelerating atmospheric icing

Røros

rescue

rescue party

people

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

rescue

rescue party

people

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

search

rescue party

people

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell

Hummelfjell


Input: The Hexthorpe rail accident occurred on 16 September 1887 at Hexthorpe railway platform some west of Doncaster on the South Yorkshire Railway line to Sheffield and Barnsley . The platform was situated within a block section between Hexthorpe Junction and Cherry Tree Lane and so had no signals of its own . The railway platform was a simple wooden structure on the Doncaster - bound line usually used for the collection of tickets from the many trains arriving in the town for the St. Leger race meeting . The usual method of working the section of line was to pass trains from Hexthorpe Junction under a 'permissive ' block ruling , not usually used on passenger lines , with additional control by two flagmen spaced between the junction box and the ticket platform . On this day two trains were in the section , the first , a Midland Railway train , stood at the platform , the second , another Midland train waiting just to its rear . As the first train moved off the second moved onto the platform so that tickets could be checked . The third train was a Liverpool to Hull express worked by a MS & LR crew and probably the crew who should have understood the working of the line better than any other . This train came over Hexthorpe Junction with , first the 'distant ' signal and then the 'home ' signal at danger . With speed down to a crawl the 'home ' signal was lowered , the driver assumed , wrongly , that with no other fixed signals to Cherry Tree Lane his route was clear and speed gradually rose . In the official report it was said that the first of the flagmen gave no indication and the second gave an ambiguous signal which was seen by the fireman but not properly understood . The express was reported travelling between 35 and 40 m.p.h . when they rounded the curve and saw the Midland train still in the platform . The driver applied the 'simple ' vacuum brake and threw the locomotive into reverse but could not stop within the short distance of less than 250 yards . The trial of the driver and fireman at York , before the Lord Chief Justice was the first big legal case in which the newly formed trade union A.S.L.E.F . were part and for which they engaged eminent counsel to defend their members . The jury returned a verdict of 'not guilty ' and the Lord Chief Justice said in his summing up that `` ... he could not but think that the railway company was seriously to blame for having had in use a brake which not only was not the best in existence , but which was known to be insufficient and liable to break down '' . The management were `` thick skinned '' over all safety matters and in this case Sir Edward Watkin , the company chairman , said `` ... it was a misfortune that the Lord Chief Justice should have exonerated the driver and fireman '' . Regardless of Sir Edward 's thinking the Hexthorpe accident , closely followed by the Armagh rail disaster in Northern Ireland sounded the death knell of the 'simple ' vacuum brake .

arriving in

many trains

Hexthorpe

came

a Liverpool to Hull express

Hexthorpe railway platform

disaster

the Armagh rail disaster in Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland

rose

a Liverpool to Hull express

speed

Hexthorpe railway platform

lowered

the 'home ' signal

Hexthorpe railway platform

sounded

the Armagh rail disaster in Northern Ireland

The Hexthorpe rail accident

the death knell of the 'simple ' vacuum brake

occurred

The Hexthorpe rail accident

Hexthorpe railway platform

formed

A.S.L.E.F

understood

the driver

an ambiguous signal

think

Lord Chief Justice

Lord Chief Justice

he

Lord Chief Justice

MS & LR

the railway company was seriously to blame for having had in use a brake which not only was not the best in existence , but which was known to be insufficient and liable to break down

said

Sir Edward Watkin

it was a misfortune that the Lord Chief Justice should have exonerated the driver and fireman

York

said

Lord Chief Justice

Lord Chief Justice

he

Lord Chief Justice

he could not but think that the railway company was seriously to blame for having had in use a brake which not only was not the best in existence , but which was known to be insufficient and liable to break down

York

race

St. Leger race meeting

Hexthorpe

control

two flagmen spaced between the junction box and the ticket platform

to pass trains from Hexthorpe Junction

case

Lord Chief Justice

Lord Chief Justice

he

Lord Chief Justice

the driver and fireman

The Hexthorpe rail accident

'not guilty

death

assumed

the driver

Hexthorpe railway platform

his route was clear

The Hexthorpe rail accident

defend

gave

the second

a Liverpool to Hull express

Hexthorpe railway platform

an ambiguous signal

returned

The jury

the driver and fireman

York

a verdict of 'not guilty '

gave

the first of the flagmen

a Liverpool to Hull express

Hexthorpe railway platform

no indication

block

checked

tickets

Hexthorpe railway platform

blame

Lord Chief Justice

Lord Chief Justice

he

Lord Chief Justice

MS & LR

had in use a brake which not only was not the best in existence , but which was known to be insufficient and liable to break down

exonerated

Lord Chief Justice

Lord Chief Justice

he

Lord Chief Justice

the driver and fireman

The jury returned a verdict of 'not guilty '

understood

by a MS & LR crew

the working of the line

Hexthorpe railway platform

moved

another Midland train

Hexthorpe Junction

Hexthorpe Junction

Hexthorpe railway platform

travelling

a Liverpool to Hull express

Hexthorpe Junction

Hexthorpe Junction

Hexthorpe railway platform

rounded

a Liverpool to Hull express

Hexthorpe Junction

Hexthorpe Junction

Hexthorpe railway platform

threw

a Liverpool to Hull express

Hexthorpe Junction

Hexthorpe Junction

Hexthorpe railway platform

moved

Midland Railway train

Hexthorpe railway platform

Cherry Tree Lane

Cherry Tree Lane

brake

a Liverpool to Hull express

Hexthorpe Junction

Hexthorpe Junction

Hexthorpe railway platform

pass

trains

Hexthorpe Junction

Hexthorpe Junction

Cherry Tree Lane

Cherry Tree Lane

thinking

Sir Edward Watkin

The Hexthorpe rail accident

York

seen

the driver

an ambiguous signal

Hexthorpe railway platform

situated

Hexthorpe railway platform

between Hexthorpe Junction and Cherry Tree Lane

stood

Midland Railway train

Hexthorpe railway platform

existence

a brake

stop

The driver

a Liverpool to Hull express

Hexthorpe railway platform

reported

a Liverpool to Hull express

travelling between 35 and 40 m.p.h

meeting

St. Leger race meeting

Hexthorpe

said

the first of the flagmen gave no indication and the second gave an ambiguous signal which was seen by the fireman but not properly understood

In the official report

waiting

another Midland train

Midland Railway train

Hexthorpe railway platform

used

Hexthorpe railway platform

Hexthorpe

for the collection of tickets from the many trains arriving in the town for the St. Leger race meeting

applied

The driver

the 'simple ' vacuum brake

Hexthorpe railway platform

stop

could not stop within the short distance of less than 250 yards

used

a 'permissive ' block ruling

Hexthorpe railway platform

pass trains from Hexthorpe Junction

use

MS & LR

a brake

The Hexthorpe rail accident


Input: The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League , a coalition of European Catholic states arranged by Pope Pius V , inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras . The Ottoman forces were sailing westward from their naval station in `` Lepanto '' ( the Venetian name of ancient `` Naupactus '' , Ottoman `` '' ) when they met the fleet of the Holy League which was sailing east from Messina , Sicily . The Spanish Empire and the Venetian Republic were the main powers of the coalition , as the league was largely financed by Philip II of Spain and Venice was the main contributor of ships . In the history of naval warfare , Lepanto marks the last major engagement in the Western world to be fought almost entirely between rowing vessels , namely the galleys and galeasses which were the direct descendants of ancient trireme warships . The battle was in essence an `` infantry battle on floating platforms '' . It was the largest naval battle in Western history since classical antiquity , involving more than 400 warships . over the following decades , the increasing importance of the galleon and the line of battle tactic would displace the galley as the major warship of its era , marking the beginning of the `` age of sail '' . The victory of the Holy League is of great importance in the history of Europe and of the Ottoman Empire , marking the turning-point of Ottoman military expansion into the Mediterranean , although the Ottoman wars in Europe would continue for another century . It has long been compared to the Battle of Salamis , both for tactical parallels and for its crucial importance in the defense of Europe against imperial expansion . It was also of great symbolic importance in a period when Europe was torn by its own wars of religion following the Protestant Reformation . Pope Pius V instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory , and Philip II of Spain used the victory to strengthen his position as the `` Most Catholic King '' and defender of Christendom against Muslim incursion . Historian Paul K. Davis writes that , `` More than a military victory , Lepanto was a moral one . For decades , the Ottoman Turks had terrified Europe , and the victories of Suleiman the Magnificent caused Christian Europe serious concern . The defeat at Lepanto further exemplified the rapid deterioration of Ottoman might under Selim II , and Christians rejoiced at this setback for the Ottomans . The mystique of Ottoman power was tarnished significantly by this battle , and Christian Europe was heartened . ''

arranged

Pope Pius V

Pope Pius V

Holy League , a coalition of European Catholic states

The Battle of Lepanto

caused

the victories of Suleiman the Magnificent

Christian Europe serious concern

strengthen

Philip II of Spain

his position as the `` Most Catholic King '' and defender of Christendom against Muslim incursion

exemplified

Reformation

met

the fleet of the Ottoman Empire

a fleet of the Holy League

Gulf of Patras

instituted

the feast of Our Lady of Victory

defeat

Holy League

Holy League

Holy League

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Gulf of Patras

The Battle of Lepanto

deterioration

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman

defense

Europe

Europe

Europe

Europe

Europe

torn

its own wars of religion following the Protestant Reformation

Europe

Europe

Europe

Europe

Europe

tarnished

The Battle of Lepanto

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Gulf of Patras

expansion

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

into the Mediterranean

expansion

victory

Holy League

Holy League

Holy League

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Gulf of Patras

victory

marking the turning-point of Ottoman military expansion into the Mediterranean

setback

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Battle

Holy League

Holy League

Holy League

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Gulf of Patras

engagement

Holy League

Holy League

Holy League

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Gulf of Patras

engagement

Holy League

Holy League

Holy League

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Gulf of Patras

battle

Holy League

Holy League

Holy League

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Gulf of Patras

battle

Holy League

Holy League

Holy League

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Gulf of Patras

battle

Holy League

Holy League

Holy League

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Gulf of Patras

fought

Holy League

Holy League

Holy League

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Gulf of Patras

battle

Holy League

Holy League

Holy League

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Gulf of Patras

wars

Ottoman

Ottoman

Ottoman

Europe

Europe

Europe

Europe

Battle

Europe

Salamis

wars

Europe

Europe

Europe

Europe

Europe

battle

sailing

the fleet of the Ottoman Empire

their naval station in `` Lepanto '' ( the Venetian name of ancient `` Naupactus '' , Ottoman `` '' )

westward

sailing

the fleet of the Holy League

Messina

east

took place

Holy League

Holy League

Holy League

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

The Battle of Lepanto

Gulf of Patras

beginning

the `` age of sail ''

marking

the beginning of the `` age of sail ''

marking

the turning-point of Ottoman military expansion into the Mediterranean

Ottoman

Ottoman

Ottoman

financed

Philip II of Spain

Holy League

Holy League

Holy League

financed

used

Philip II of Spain

The victory of the Holy League

strengthen his position as the `` Most Catholic King '' and defender of Christendom against Muslim incursion


Input: Hurricane Nate caused minor damage in southeastern Mexico in mid-September 2011 . The sixteenth named storm and fourth hurricane of the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season , Nate originated from a frontal trough in the Bay of Campeche on September 7 . Within a weak steering environment , the storm meandered southwestward while gradually gaining strength . though classified as a tropical storm operationally , data during a post-season review indicated that nate briefly attained category 1 hurricane status on the unk hurricane wind scale on september 8 . As a result of its slow motion , the storm caused significant upwelling , leading to a marked decrease in convection , and weakening accordingly . On September 11 , Nate moved ashore Mexico as a tropical storm , producing several inches of rainfall and damaging several hundred structures . Ten oil rig workers went missing ; seven were rescued , but one died of an unknown cause , and three other bodies were later recovered . In Veracruz , a boy was killed after being struck by lightning .

attained

Nate

a tropical storm

category 1 hurricane status on the unk hurricane wind scale

struck

lightning

a boy

Veracruz

storm

southeastern Mexico

southeastern Mexico

damaging several hundred structures

a boy was killed after being struck by lightning

one died of an unknown cause

three other bodies were later recovered

Hurricane

southeastern Mexico

southeastern Mexico

boy was killed after being struck by lightning

one died of an unknown cause

three other bodies were later recovered

storm

southeastern Mexico

southeastern Mexico

boy was killed after being struck by lightning

one died of an unknown cause

three other bodies were later recovered

hurricane

southeastern Mexico

southeastern Mexico

boy was killed after being struck by lightning

one died of an unknown cause

three other bodies were later recovered

storm

southeastern Mexico

southeastern Mexico

boy was killed after being struck by lightning

one died of an unknown cause

three other bodies were later recovered

storm

southeastern Mexico

southeastern Mexico

boy was killed after being struck by lightning

one died of an unknown cause

three other bodies were later recovered

storm

southeastern Mexico

southeastern Mexico

boy was killed after being struck by lightning

one died of an unknown cause

three other bodies were later recovered

caused

Hurricane Nate

minor damage in southeastern Mexico

cause

unknown

one died

leading to

significant upwelling

a marked decrease in convection

weakening accordingly

caused

Nate

the storm

significant upwelling

decrease

Nate

the storm

convection

significant upwelling

marked

weakening

Nate

the storm

indicated

nate briefly attained category 1 hurricane status on the unk hurricane wind scale

data during a post-season review

originated

Hurricane Nate

Bay of Campeche

a frontal trough

producing

Nate

a tropical storm

several inches of rainfall

southeastern Mexico

damage

Hurricane Nate

southeastern Mexico

a boy was killed after being struck by lightning

one died of an unknown cause

three other bodies were later recovered

southeastern Mexico

damaging

Nate

a tropical storm

structures

several hundred structures

southeastern Mexico

died

one

oil rig workers

unknown cause

Mexico

Mexico

gaining

Nate

the storm

strength

killed

being struck by lightning

a boy

Veracruz

lightning

upwelling

Nate

the storm

moved

Nate

a tropical storm

ashore Mexico

meandered

the storm

Nate

southwestward

Bay of Campeche

rescued

oil rig workers

Mexico

Mexico


Input: The Jin–Song Wars were a series of conflicts between the Jurchen Jin dynasty ( 1115–1234 ) and Han Chinese Song dynasty ( 960–1279 ) . In 1115 , Jurchen tribes rebelled against their overlords , the Khitan Liao dynasty ( 907–1125 ) , and declared the formation of the Jin . Allying with the Song against their common enemy the Liao dynasty , the Jin promised to return to the Song the Sixteen Prefectures that had fallen under Liao control since 938 . The Chinese agreed but the Jurchens ' quick defeat of the Liao dynasty combined with Song dynasty military failures made the Jin reluctant to cede these territories . After a series of negotiations that embittered both sides , the Jurchens attacked the Song dynasty in 1125 , dispatching one army to Taiyuan and the other to Bianjing ( modern Kaifeng ) , the Song capital . Surprised by news of an invasion , Song general Tong Guan retreated from Taiyuan , which was besieged and later captured . As the second Jin army approached the capital , Song emperor Huizong abdicated and fled south . Qinzong , his eldest son , was enthroned . The Jurchens laid siege to Kaifeng in 1126 , but Qinzong negotiated their retreat from the capital by agreeing to a large annual indemnity . Qinzong reneged on the deal and ordered Song forces to defend the prefectures instead of fortifying the capital . The Jin resumed war and again besieged Kaifeng in 1127 . They captured Emperor Qinzong of Song , many members of the imperial family and high officials of the Song imperial court in an event known as the Jingkang Incident . This separated north and south China between Jin and Song . Remnants of the Song imperial family retreated to southern China and , after brief stays in several temporary capitals , eventually relocated to Lin'an ( modern Hangzhou ) . The retreat divided the dynasty into two distinct periods , Northern Song and Southern Song . The Jurchens tried to conquer southern China in the 1130s , but were bogged down by a pro-Song insurgency in the north and a counteroffensive by Song generals Yue Fei , Han Shizhong , and others . The Song generals regained some territories but retreated on the orders of Southern Song emperor Gaozong , who supported a peaceful resolution to the war . the treaty of shaoxing ( 1142 ) set the boundary of the two empires along the huai river , but conflicts between the two dynasties continued until the fall of the jin in 1234 . A war against the Song begun by 4th Jin emperor , Wanyan Liang , was unsuccessful . He lost the Battle of Caishi ( 1161 ) and was later assassinated by his own disaffected officers . An invasion of Jin territory motivated by Song revanchism ( 1206–1208 ) was also unsuccessful . A decade later , the Jin launched an abortive military campaign against the Song in 1217 to replace territory they had lost to the invading Mongols . The Song allied with the Mongols in 1233 , and in the next year jointly captured Caizhou , last refuge of the Jin emperor . The Jin dynasty collapsed that year in 1234 . After the demise of the Jin , the Song dynasty itself became a target of the Mongols , and collapsed in 1279 . The wars engendered an era of swift technological , cultural , and demographic changes in China . Battles between the Song and Jin brought about the introduction of various gunpowder weapons . The siege of De'an in 1132 was the first recorded use of the fire lance , an early ancestor of firearms . There were also reports of battles fought with rudimentary gunpowder bombs like the incendiary `` huopao '' or the exploding `` tiehuopao '' , incendiary arrows , and other related weapons . In northern China , Jurchens were the ruling minority of an empire predominantly inhabited by former subjects of the Song . Jurchen migrants settled in the conquered territories and assimilated with the local culture . The Jin , a conquest dynasty , instituted a centralized imperial bureaucracy modeled on previous Chinese dynasties , basing their legitimacy on Confucian philosophy . Song refugees from the north resettled in southern China . The north was the cultural center of China , and its conquest by the Jin diminished the regional stature of the Song dynasty . The Southern Song , however , quickly returned to economic prosperity , and trade with the Jin was lucrative despite decades of warfare . Lin'an , the Southern Song capital , expanded into a major city for commerce .

instituted

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

a centralized imperial bureaucracy

agreed

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song dynasty

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

itself

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song

the Jin promised to return to the Song the Sixteen Prefectures

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

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Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

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agreeing

Qinzong

Qinzong

Qinzong

Qinzong

a large annual indemnity

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

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Jurchens

Jurchen

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Jin

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Jin

Bianjing

Kaifeng

Kaifeng

capital

capital

Kaifeng

their retreat from the capital

ordered

Qinzong

Qinzong

Qinzong

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Song forces

defend the prefectures

orders

Gaozong

who

The Song generals regained some territories but retreated

a peaceful resolution to the war

approached

the second Jin army

Bianjing

Kaifeng

Kaifeng

capital

capital

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returned

Southern Song

Southern Song

Southern Song

Southern Song

economic prosperity

attacked

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

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Jurchens

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jin

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Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song dynasty

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Song

Song

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itself

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Taiyuan

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which

Bianjing

Kaifeng

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capital

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invasion

Jurchen Jin dynasty

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Jurchens

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which

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invasion

Song

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Song

Song

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Song

Song dynasty

itself

Song

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Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

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Jurchens

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Jin

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unsuccessful

invading

Mongols

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Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

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became

Jurchen Jin dynasty

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besieged

Jurchen Jin dynasty

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siege

Jurchen Jin dynasty

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Jurchen Jin dynasty

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De'an

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collapsed

Song

Song

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itself

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demise

brought about

Battles between the Song and Jin

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itself

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the regional stature

conquest by the Jin

China

fortifying

Song forces

Bianjing

Kaifeng

Kaifeng

capital

capital

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combined

Jurchens ' quick defeat of the Liao dynasty

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Jin reluctant to cede these territories

assimilated

Jurchen migrants

local culture

changes

technological , cultural , and demographic changes

China

China

rebelled

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Khitan Liao dynasty

Liao dynasty

Liao

Liao dynasty

enthroned

Huizong

Qinzong

Qinzong

Qinzong

Qinzong

Huizong

emperor

emperor

Bianjing

Kaifeng

Kaifeng

capital

capital

Kaifeng

abdicated

Huizong

Qinzong

Qinzong

Qinzong

Qinzong

Huizong

emperor

emperor

Bianjing

Kaifeng

Kaifeng

capital

capital

Kaifeng

replace

allied

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song dynasty

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

itself

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song

Mongols

Mongols

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jointly captured Caizhou

promised

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

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Jin

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Song

Song

Song dynasty

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Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

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itself

Song

Song

Song

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Song

return to the Song the Sixteen Prefectures

negotiated

Qinzong

Qinzong

Qinzong

Qinzong

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

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Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

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their retreat from the capital by agreeing to a large annual indemnity

Bianjing

Kaifeng

Kaifeng

capital

capital

Kaifeng

defeat

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Khitan Liao dynasty

Liao dynasty

Liao

Liao dynasty

Sixteen Prefectures

captured

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Tong Guan

Taiyuan

Taiyuan

which

captured

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Qinzong

Qinzong

Qinzong

Qinzong

many members of the imperial family

high officials of the Song imperial court

Bianjing

Kaifeng

Kaifeng

capital

capital

Kaifeng

the Jingkang Incident

captured

Mongols

Mongols

Mongols

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song dynasty

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

itself

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Caizhou

conquered

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

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Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

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Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song dynasty

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

itself

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song

control

Khitan Liao dynasty

Liao dynasty

Liao

Liao dynasty

Sixteen Prefectures

made

Song dynasty military failures

the Jurchens ' quick defeat of the Liao dynasty

the Jin reluctant to cede these territories

defend

Song forces

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

prefectures

prefectures

collapsed

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song dynasty

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

itself

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song

Mongols

Mongols

Mongols

Jurchen Jin dynasty

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Jin

Jin

Jin

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Jurchens

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Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Caizhou

lost

Wanyan Liang

He

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song dynasty

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

itself

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song

the Battle of Caishi

Caishi

lost

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Mongols

Mongols

Mongols

territory

trade

Southern Song

Southern Song

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Southern Song

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

China

expanded

trade with the Jin

Lin'an

a major city for commerce

declared

Jurchen tribes

formation of the Jin

separated

north and south China between Jin and Song

assassinated

his own disaffected officers

Wanyan Liang

He

conflicts

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

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Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song dynasty

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

itself

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song

China

conflicts

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

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Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

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Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song dynasty

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

itself

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

Song

Battles

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

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Jurchens

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Jurchens

Jin

Jin

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Song

Song

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Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

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Song

Song

Song

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itself

Song

Song

Song

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China

fought

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Song

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Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

Song

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Song

Song

Song

Song

Song dynasty

itself

Song

Song

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Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

China

fallen

Sixteen Prefectures

under Liao control

fall

set

the treaty of shaoxing

the boundary of the two empires

huai river

resumed

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

war

Bianjing

Kaifeng

Kaifeng

capital

capital

Kaifeng

begun

Wanyan Liang

He

A war

against the Song

recorded

use of the fire lance

regained

Song generals

some territories

reports

battles

fought with rudimentary gunpowder bombs like the incendiary `` huopao '' or the exploding `` tiehuopao '' , incendiary arrows , and other related weapons

deal

fled

Huizong

Bianjing

Kaifeng

Kaifeng

capital

capital

Kaifeng

retreated

Tong Guan

Taiyuan

Taiyuan

which

retreat

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Bianjing

Kaifeng

Kaifeng

capital

capital

Kaifeng

retreated

Remnants of the Song imperial family

Bianjing

Kaifeng

Kaifeng

capital

capital

Kaifeng

Lin'an

Hangzhou

Lin'an

retreated

Song generals

dispatching

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

one army

Jurchen Jin dynasty

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchens

Jin

Jurchens

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jurchens

Jurchen

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Jin

Taiyuan

Taiyuan

which

Bianjing

Kaifeng

Kaifeng

capital

capital

Kaifeng

supported

Gaozong

who

a peaceful resolution to the war

Lin'an

Hangzhou

Lin'an

basing

legitimacy on Confucian philosophy

Chinese dynasties

China


Input: The First Peloponnesian War ( 460–445 BC ) was fought between Sparta as the leaders of the Peloponnesian League and Sparta 's other allies , most notably Thebes , and the Delian League led by Athens with support from Argos . This war consisted of a series of conflicts and minor wars , such as the Second Sacred War . There were several causes for the war including the building of the Athenian long walls , Megara 's defection and the envy and concern felt by Sparta at the growth of the Athenian Empire . The First Peloponnesian War began in 460 BC with the Battle of Oenoe , where Spartan forces were defeated by those of Athenian-Argive alliance . at first the athenians had the better of the fighting , winning the naval engagements using their superior fleet . They also had the better of the fighting on land , until 457 BC when the Spartans and their allies defeated the Athenian army at Tanagra . The Athenians , however , counterattacked and scored a crushing victory over the Boeotians at the Battle of Oenophyta and followed this victory up by conquering all of Boeotia except for Thebes . Athens further consolidated their position by making Aegina a member of the Delian League and by ravaging the Peloponnese . The Athenians were defeated in 454 BC by the Persians in Egypt which caused them to enter into a five years ' truce with Sparta . However , the war flared up again in 448 BC with the start of the Second Sacred War . In 446 BC , Boeotia revolted and defeated the Athenians at Coronea and regained their independence . The First Peloponnesian War ended in an arrangement between Sparta and Athens , which was ratified by the Thirty Years ' Peace ( winter of 446–445 BC ) . According to the provisions of this peace treaty , both sides maintained the main parts of their empires . Athens continued its domination of the sea while Sparta dominated the land . Megara returned to the Peloponnesian League and Aegina became a tribute-paying but autonomous member of the Delian League . The war between the two leagues restarted in 431 BC , leading to the Second Peloponnesian War . It ended with a conclusive Spartan victory , where , in 404 BC , Athens was occupied by Sparta .

returned

Megara

Peloponnesian League

enter

Athenian

a five years ' truce with Sparta

counterattacked

Athenian

the Spartans and their allies

Oenophyta

scored a crushing victory over the Boeotians

became

Aegina

a tribute-paying but autonomous member of the Delian League

making

making Aegina a member of the Delian League

ravaging the Peloponnese

Athens further consolidated their position

caused

The Athenians were defeated in 454 BC by the Persians in Egypt

enter into a five years ' truce with Sparta

leading to

the building of the Athenian long walls

Megara 's defection

envy and concern felt by Sparta at the growth of the Athenian Empire

the Second Peloponnesian War

consolidated

Athenian

their position

revolted

Boeotia

Boeotia

Athenian

Boeotia

defeated

the Spartans and their allies

Athenian

Tanagra

The First Peloponnesian War

defeated

Boeotia

Athenian

Coronea

The First Peloponnesian War

defeated

Persians

Athenian

Egypt

defeated

Athenian-Argive

Spartan

Oenoe

the Battle of Oenoe

conquering

Athenian

Boeotians

Boeotia

The First Peloponnesian War

dominated

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

the land

the Thirty Years ' Peace

occupied

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

domination

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

the sea

the Thirty Years ' Peace

ravaging

Athenian

Peloponnese

Peloponnese

regained

Boeotia

Athenian

Boeotia

their independence

Boeotia revolted and defeated the Athenians

scored

Athenian

Boeotians

Oenophyta

a crushing victory

followed this victory up by conquering all of Boeotia except for Thebes

winning

Athenian

Spartan

Peloponnese

the naval engagements

using their superior

at first the athenians had the better of the fighting

war

Peloponnesian League

Delian League

Peloponnese

war

Peloponnesian League

Delian League

Peloponnese

war

Peloponnesian League

Delian League

Peloponnese

wars

Peloponnesian League

Delian League

Peloponnese

fought

Peloponnesian League

Delian League

Peloponnese

maintained

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

the main parts of their empires

the provisions of this peace treaty

Peloponnese

ended

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

The First Peloponnesian War

an arrangement between Sparta and Athens

Peloponnese

ended

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

Sparta

the Second Peloponnesian War

a conclusive Spartan victory , where , in 404 BC , Athens was occupied by Sparta

Peloponnese

flared

Peloponnesian League

Delian League

The First Peloponnesian War

Peloponnese

the start of the Second Sacred War

restarted

Peloponnesian League

Delian League

the Second Peloponnesian War

Peloponnese

continued

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

its domination of the sea

began

Peloponnesian League

Delian League

The First Peloponnesian War

Peloponnese

the Battle of Oenoe

ratified

the Thirty Years ' Peace ( winter of 446–445 BC )

The First Peloponnesian War ended

using

Athenian

their superior fleet

Peloponnese

winning the naval engagements


Input: Tropical Cyclone Alan was considered to be one of the worst natural disasters experienced in French Polynesia . The system , first noted as a tropical disturbance on April 17 , 1998 east of the Northern Cook Islands , initially moved erratically prior to its designation as Alan upon developing into a tropical cyclone on April 21 . The following day , Alan reached its estimated peak intensity with 10-minute maximum sustained wind speeds of , posing several forecasting challenges due to difficulties in establishing its location and intensity . On April 23 , Alan appeared to become sheared with the low-level circulation center displaced about from the nearest atmospheric convection . However , over the next day , after the mid-level trough of low pressure shearing the system moved faster than expected , Alan became better organized . While situated about west-northwest of the French Polynesian island of Tahiti , the system drifted south-southeastward . Early on April 25 , Alan passed near to or over the French Polynesian Society Islands of Maupiti , Bora-Bora , and Raiatea . However , strong wind shear pulled the system apart , with visible imagery confirming the system 's degeneration into a depression with a fully exposed low-level circulation . The system affected French Polynesia with high winds and torrential rain , causing several landslides on the Society Islands . The landslides resulted in the collapse of two bridges , and also overturned trees , in turn obstructing roads . Overall , ten people died as a result of the system , while thirty others were injured , with a majority of the casualties a result of landslides . On the islands of Raiatea , Taha ' a and Huahine , several churches , schools and clinics were damaged , while water and electricity supplies were cut off . On the islands , around 750 houses were destroyed , with 430 and 150 wrecked on Huahine and Ra'iātea , respectively .

reached

Tropical Cyclone Alan

its estimated peak intensity with 10-minute maximum sustained wind speeds

organized

the mid-level trough of low pressure

Tropical Cyclone Alan

injured

Tropical Cyclone Alan

thirty others

sheared

establishing

disasters

French Polynesia

French Polynesia

Tropical Cyclone Alan

the collapse of two bridges

ten people died

thirty others were injured

several churches , schools and clinics were damaged

water and electricity supplies were cut off

around 750 houses were destroyed , with 430 and 150 wrecked on Huahine and Ra'iātea , respectively

collapse

two bridges

two bridges

obstructing roads

casualties

causing

Tropical Cyclone Alan

several landslides

resulted in

The landslides

the collapse of two bridges

overturned trees

obstructing roads

posing

difficulties in establishing its location and intensity

several forecasting challenges

experienced

developing

Tropical Cyclone Alan

Northern Cook Islands

a tropical disturbance

damaged

Tropical Cyclone Alan

several churches

schools

clinics

Raiatea

Taha ' a

Huahine

died

ten people

Tropical Cyclone Alan

destroyed

Tropical Cyclone Alan

750 houses

Raiatea

Taha ' a

Huahine

obstructing

Tropical Cyclone Alan

roads

wrecked

Tropical Cyclone Alan

houses

Huahine

Ra'iātea

affected

Tropical Cyclone Alan

French Polynesia

noted

a tropical disturbance

Northern Cook Islands

moved

a tropical disturbance

Northern Cook Islands

drifted

Tropical Cyclone Alan

west-northwest of the French Polynesian island

south-southeastward

moved

Tropical Cyclone Alan

rain

passed

Tropical Cyclone Alan

French Polynesian Society Islands of Maupiti

Bora-Bora

Raiatea

situated

Tropical Cyclone Alan

French Polynesian

appeared

Tropical Cyclone Alan

cut off


Input: The Chelyabinsk meteor was a superbolide that entered Earth 's atmosphere over Russia on 15 February 2013 at about 09:20 YEKT ( 03:20 UTC ) . It was caused by an approximately near-Earth asteroid with a speed of 19.16 ± 0.15 kilometres per second ( 60,000–69,000 km/h or 40,000–42,900 mph ) . It quickly became a brilliant superbolide meteor over the southern Ural region . The light from the meteor was brighter than the Sun , visible up to away . It was observed over a wide area of the region and in neighbouring republics . Some eyewitnesses also felt intense heat from the fireball . Due to its high velocity and shallow angle of atmospheric entry , the object exploded in an air burst over Chelyabinsk Oblast , at a height of around . The explosion generated a bright flash , producing a hot cloud of dust and gas that penetrated to , and many surviving small fragmentary meteorites , as well as a large shock wave . The bulk of the object 's energy was absorbed by the atmosphere , with a total kinetic energy before atmospheric impact estimated from infrasound and seismic measurements to be equivalent to the blast yield of 400–500 kilotons of TNT ( about 1.4–1.8 PJ ) range – 26 to 33 times as much energy as that released from the atomic bomb detonated at Hiroshima . The object was undetected before its atmospheric entry , in part because its radiant was close to the Sun . Its explosion created panic among local residents , and about 1,500 people were injured seriously enough to seek medical treatment . All of the injuries were due to indirect effects rather than the meteor itself , mainly from broken glass from windows that were blown in when the shock wave arrived , minutes after the superbolide 's flash . Some 7,200 buildings in six cities across the region were damaged by the explosion 's shock wave , and authorities scrambled to help repair the structures in sub-freezing temperatures . With an estimated initial mass of about 12,000–13,000 tonnes ( 13,000–14,000 short tons , heavier than the Eiffel Tower ) , and measuring about in diameter , it is the largest known natural object to have entered Earth 's atmosphere since the 1908 Tunguska event , which destroyed a wide , remote , forested , and very sparsely populated area of Siberia . The Chelyabinsk meteor is also the only meteor confirmed to have resulted in a large number of injuries . No deaths were reported . The earlier-predicted and well-publicized close approach of a larger asteroid on the same day , the roughly 367943 Duende , occurred about 16 hours later ; the very different orbits of the two objects showed they were unrelated to each other .

entered

Chelyabinsk meteor

Earth 's atmosphere over Russia

entered

Chelyabinsk meteor

Earth 's atmosphere

arrived

the shock wave

approach

a larger asteroid on the same day , the roughly 367943 Duende

help

authorities

Some 7,200 buildings

in six cities across the region

exploded

Chelyabinsk meteor

about 1,500 people

Some 7,200 buildings in six cities across the region

over Chelyabinsk Oblast

about 1,500 people were injured seriously enough to seek medical treatment

Some 7,200 buildings in six cities across the region were damaged by the explosion 's shock wave

detonated

atomic bomb

Hiroshima

Hiroshima

became

Chelyabinsk meteor

a brilliant superbolide meteor over the southern Ural region

over the southern Ural region

injuries

Chelyabinsk meteor

about 1,500 people

Chelyabinsk Oblast

injured

Chelyabinsk meteor

about 1,500 people

Chelyabinsk Oblast

injuries

Chelyabinsk meteor

about 1,500 people

Chelyabinsk Oblast

caused

an approximately near-Earth asteroid with a speed of 19.16 ± 0.15 kilometres per second ( 60,000–69,000 km/h or 40,000–42,900 mph )

The Chelyabinsk meteor

released

the atomic bomb detonated at Hiroshima

26 to 33 times as much energy

resulted in

Chelyabinsk meteor

about 1,500 people were injured seriously enough to seek medical treatment

Some 7,200 buildings in six cities across the region were damaged

generated

explosion

a bright flash

over Chelyabinsk Oblast

producing

explosion

a hot cloud of dust and gas that penetrated to

many surviving small fragmentary meteorites

a large shock wave

over Chelyabinsk Oblast

created

explosion

panic among local residents

over Chelyabinsk Oblast

treatment

about 1,500 people

injured seriously

explosion

damaged

the explosion 's shock wave

Some 7,200 buildings

Some 7,200 buildings in six cities across the region

Chelyabinsk Oblast

deaths

No deaths

The Chelyabinsk meteor

Chelyabinsk

Chelyabinsk meteor

destroyed

the 1908 Tunguska event

a wide , remote , forested , and very sparsely populated area of Siberia

destroyed a wide , remote , forested , and very sparsely populated area of Siberia

a wide , remote , forested , and very sparsely populated area of Siberia

impact

Chelyabinsk meteor

atmosphere

effects

broken glass from windows that were blown in when the shock wave arrived , minutes after the superbolide 's flash

about 1,500 people

observed

Chelyabinsk meteor

over a wide area of the region and in neighbouring republics

undetected

Chelyabinsk meteor

flash

Chelyabinsk meteor

atmospheric entry

air burst over Chelyabinsk Oblast

blown

broken glass from windows

scrambled

authorities

felt

Some eyewitnesses

intense heat from the fireball

southern Ural region

neighbouring republics

occurred

a larger asteroid on the same day , the roughly 367943 Duende

repair

authorities

Some 7,200 buildings

six cities across the region

reported

No deaths

confirmed

Chelyabinsk meteor

Chelyabinsk

have resulted in a large number of injuries


Input: severe tropical storm unk , known in the philippines as tropical storm unk , was a strong tropical storm which made a total of four landfalls in southeast asia , killing more than 100 people and causing damage estimated at us $ 126 million . It was the eighth named storm and the fourth severe tropical storm of the 2011 Pacific typhoon season . The depression formed on July 24 . though it was one of the deadliest tropical storms of 2011 , its anticipated landfall was well-publicized and appropriate preparations were made . ( cf . : Conson ) Its peak intensity was measured at on the SSHS east of the Philippines . at initial landfall , the storm killed 75 , leaving 9 missing , and causing damage around us $ 65.73 million . The storm exited land and started strengthening again as it moved into the South China Sea . The system turned towards China 's Island province of Hainan where a yellow alert was issued and heavy to very heavy rainfall was predicted . Fourteen flights from Hainan 's provincial capital Haikou were cancelled and rail ferry service to China was suspended . Some 27,700 people were evacuated from Hainan 's low-lying area . Nock-ten claimed 2 lives and caused widespread damage worth US $ 58 million in Hainan . The system again exited land and strengthened as it curved towards Vietnam . On approaching land , the system and its remnants affected Laos and Thailand . The storm poured extremely heavy rainfall flooding the Yom River and the Nan River . 650,000 people were evacuated from low-lying areas as some 6,200 acres of rice and other crop fields were reported completely submerged . Damages were expected to be US $ 2.33 million and the death toll was put at 42 . The name `` Nock-ten '' was contributed by Laos and is refers to a bird

refers

Nock-ten

unk

Nock-ten

a bird

turned

Nock-ten

unk

Nock-ten

Hainan

Hainan

Hainan

Hainan

caused

Nock-ten

unk

Nock-ten

widespread damage worth US $ 58 million in Hainan

strengthened

Nock-ten

unk

Nock-ten

cancelled

Fourteen flights from Hainan 's provincial capital Haikou

Nock-ten

unk

Nock-ten

formed

The depression

philippines

Philippines

predicted

Hainan

Hainan

Hainan

Hainan

heavy to very heavy rainfall

exited

Nock-ten

unk

Nock-ten

philippines

Philippines

South China Sea

evacuated

Some 27,700 people

Hainan 's low-lying area

evacuated

650,000 people

low-lying areas

contributed

Laos

Laos

Nock-ten

unk

Nock-ten

name

affected

Nock-ten

unk

Nock-ten

its remnants

Laos

Laos

Thailand

killed

Nock-ten

unk

Nock-ten

philippines

Philippines

poured

Nock-ten

unk

Nock-ten

Yom River

Nan River

suspended

rail ferry service to China

Hainan

Hainan

Hainan

Hainan

started

Nock-ten

unk

Nock-ten

South China Sea

reported

some 6,200 acres of rice

other crop fields

completely submerged

claimed

Nock-ten

unk

Nock-ten

2 lives

Hainan

Hainan

Hainan

Hainan


Input: The Quebec Expedition , or the Walker Expedition to Quebec , was a British attempt to attack Quebec in 1711 in Queen Anne 's War , the North American theatre of the War of Spanish Succession . It failed when seven transports and one storeship were wrecked and some 850 soldiers drowned in one of the worst naval disasters in British history . The expedition was planned by the administration of Robert Harley , chief minister of the crown , and was based on plans originally proposed in 1708 . Harley decided to mount the expedition as part of a major shift in British military policy , emphasizing strength at sea . The expedition 's leaders , Admiral Hovenden Walker and Brigadier-General John Hill , were chosen for their politics and connections to the crown , and its plans were kept secret even from the Admiralty . Despite the secrecy , French agents were able to discover British intentions and warn authorities in Quebec . The expedition expected to be fully provisioned in Boston , the capital of colonial Massachusetts , but the city was unprepared when it arrived , and Massachusetts authorities had to scramble to provide even three months ' supplies . Admiral Walker also had difficulty acquiring experienced pilots and accurate charts for navigating the waters of the lower Saint Lawrence River . The expedition reached the Gulf of Saint Lawrence without incident , but foggy conditions , tricky currents , and strong winds combined to drive the fleet toward the north shore of the river near a place now called Pointe-aux-Anglais , where the ships were wrecked . Following the disaster , Walker abandoned the expedition 's objectives and returned to England . although the expedition was a failure , harley continued to implement his `` blue water '' policy .

implement

Robert Harley

Harley

harley

blue water '' policy

England

British

British

British

planned

administration of Robert Harley

Quebec Expedition

attack Quebec

arrived

expedition

Boston

reached

expedition

Gulf of Saint Lawrence

attack

British

Quebec

Quebec

combined

foggy conditions

tricky currents

strong winds

drive the fleet toward the north shore of the river near a place now called Pointe-aux-Anglais

the ships were wrecked

chosen

crown

Hovenden Walker

Walker

Walker

John Hill

decided

Robert Harley

Harley

harley

England

British

British

British

mount the expedition

major shift in British military policy

wrecked

seven transports

one storeship

seven transports

one storeship

Pointe-aux-Anglais

wrecked

ships

Pointe-aux-Anglais

the fleet

acquiring

Hovenden Walker

Walker

Walker

Massachusetts authorities

Boston

experienced pilots

accurate charts for navigating the waters of the lower Saint Lawrence River

abandoned

Hovenden Walker

Walker

Walker

expedition 's objectives

disaster

attempt

drowned

naval disasters

850 soldiers

Pointe-aux-Anglais

discover

French agents

British intentions

Expedition

British

England

British

British

British

Quebec

returned

the fleet

Pointe-aux-Anglais

England

British

British

British

drive

the fleet

Gulf of Saint Lawrence

Pointe-aux-Anglais

mount

Robert

Quebec Expedition

England

British

British

British

to attack Quebec

proposed

plans

England

British

British

British

provide

Massachusetts authorities

expedition

three months ' supplies

provisioned

Massachusetts authorities

expedition

three months ' supplies

warn

French agents

authorities in Quebec

British intentions