Input: According to the historian Josephus, the forces of Ananus ben Ananus, one of the heads of the Judean provisional government and former High Priest of Israel, besieged the Zealots who held the Temple.

besieged

held


Input: When John of Giscala led the Zealots to believe that Ananus had contacted the Roman General Vespasian for assistance in retaking control of all Jerusalem, the Zealots, driven to desperation, asked the Edomites (Idumeans) for assistance in preventing the delivery of the city to the Romans.

assistance

contacted

control

preventing

asked

driven

delivery


Input: When the Edomites arrived, the Zealots opened the gates of Jerusalem to them, and the Edomites slaughtered ben Hanan's (Ananus ben Ananus) forces, killing him as well.

arrived

slaughtered

killing

opened


Input: After freeing the Zealots from the Temple, the Edomites and Zealots massacred the common people.

massacred

freeing


Input: Jerusalem mostly remained in the control of the Zealots until 70 AD, when it was sacked by Rome and the Temple was destroyed.

control

destroyed


Input: Avianca Flight 011, registration HK-2910X, was a Boeing 747-200B on an international scheduled passenger flight from Frankfurt via Paris, Madrid, and Caracas to Bogotá that crashed on 27 November 1983.

crashed


Input: It took off from Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris at 22:25 on 26 November 1983 for Madrid Barajas Airport; take-off was delayed to wait for additional passengers from a Lufthansa flight due to a cancellation of the segment Paris-Frankfurt by Avianca for operational reasons.

operational

delayed

cancellation

took off

take-off


Input: The jet had been cleared to land at Barajas Airport, the first of two scheduled en route stops originating at Paris, with a final destination of Bogota, Colombia.

land

final


Input: During the instrument landing system (ILS) approach to runway 33, the 747 crashed on a hill approximately 7.5 miles south east of the airport, killing 181 people, including 19 on-duty and four off-duty crew members.

approach

crashed

killing


Input: The 11 surviving passengers were seriously injured.

injured


Input: The cause of the accident was judged to be pilot error, having incorrectly determined the position of the plane.

accident

cause

judged

determined


Input: As of 2019, Avianca Flight 011 remains the second-deadliest aviation accident in Spanish territory behind the Tenerife airport disaster.

accident

disaster

Flight


Input: and the worst accident in the history of Avianca.

accident


Input: The Mexican War of Independence () was an armed conflict, lasting over a decade, which had several distinct phases and took place in different regions of the Spanish colony of New Spain.

War

conflict

took place


Input: Events in Spain itself had a direct impact on the outbreak of the insurgency in 1810 and in the alliance of insurgent leader Vicente Guerrero and royalist-officer-turned insurgent Agustín de Iturbide in 1821, which brought about independence.

brought about

impact


Input: Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Spain in 1808 touched off a crisis of legitimacy of crown rule, since he had placed his brother Joseph on the Spanish throne after forcing the abdication of the Spanish monarch Charles IV.

touched

placed

forcing


Input: In many of Spain's overseas possessions the local response was to set up juntas ruling in the name of the Bourbon monarchy.

set up

response


Input: In New Spain, however, peninsular-born Spaniards overthrew the rule of Viceroy José de Iturrigaray (1803–08).

overthrew


Input: In 1810, a few American-born Spaniards in favor of independence began plotting an uprising against Spanish rule.

began


Input: It occurred when the parish priest of the village of Dolores, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, issued the Cry of Dolores on September 16, 1810.

occurred

issued


Input: The Hidalgo Revolt touched off the armed insurgency for independence, lasting until 1821.

touched


Input: The colonial regime did not expect the size and duration of the insurgency, which spread from the Bajío region north of Mexico City to the Pacific and Gulf Coasts.

spread


Input: In 1820 when Spanish liberals overthrew the autocratic rule of Ferdinand VII and arch-conservatives in New Spain saw independence as a way to maintain their position, former royalists and old insurgents formed an alliance under the Plan of Iguala and forged the Army of the Three Guarantees.

forged

overthrew

formed

maintain


Input: The momentum of independence saw the collapse of royal government in Mexico and the Treaty of Córdoba ended the conflict.

collapse

ended


Input: The movement for independence was inspired by the Age of Enlightenment and the American and French revolutions.

inspired


Input: By that time the educated elite of New Spain had begun to reflect on the relations between Spain and its colonial kingdoms.

educated

begun


Input: Changes in the social and political structure occasioned by Bourbon Reforms and a deep economic crisis in New Spain caused discomfort among the native-born Creole elite.

caused


Input: The dramatic political events in Europe, the French Revolutionary Wars and the conquests by Napoleon deeply influenced events in New Spain.

influenced


Input: In 1808, Charles IV and Ferdinand VII were forced to abdicate in favor of the French Emperor, who made his elder brother Joseph king of New Spain.

abdicate

made

forced


Input: The same year, the ayuntamiento (city council) of Mexico City, supported by viceroy José de Iturrigaray, claimed sovereignty in the absence of the legitimate king.

claimed

supported


Input: That led to a coup against the viceroy; when it was suppressed, the leaders of the movement were jailed.

jailed

led to

suppressed


Input: Despite the defeat in Mexico City, small groups of rebels met in other cities of New Spain to raise movements against colonial rule.

raise

met


Input: In 1810, after being discovered, Querétaro conspirators chose to take up arms on September 16 in the company of peasants and indigenous inhabitants of Dolores (Guanajuato).

chose

discovered


Input: They were called to action by the secular Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo, former rector of the Colegio de San Nicolás Obispo.

called

action


Input: After 1810 the independence movement went through several stages, as leaders were imprisoned or executed by forces loyal to Spain.

imprisoned

executed


Input: At first the rebels disputed the legitimacy of the French-installed Joseph Bonaparte, while recognizing the sovereignty of Ferdinand VII over Spain and its colonies.

recognizing

disputed


Input: Later the leaders took more radical positions, rejecting the Spanish claim and espousing a new social order to include the abolition of slavery.

rejecting

took


Input: Secular priest José María Morelos called the separatist provinces to form the Congress of Chilpancingo, which beacme the legal framework for the insurgency.

form

legal

called


Input: After the defeat of Morelos, the movement survived as a guerrilla war under the leadership of Vicente Guerrero.


Input: By 1820, the few rebel groups survived most notably in the Sierra Madre del Sur and Veracruz.


Input: The reinstatement of the liberal Constitution of Cadiz in 1820 resulted in a change of mind among the elite groups who had supported Spanish rule.

resulted in

supported


Input: Monarchist Creoles affected by the constitution decided to support the independence of New Spain; they sought an alliance with the former insurgent resistance.

decided

affected

support


Input: Agustín de Iturbide led the military arm of the conspirators and in early 1821 he met Vicente Guerrero.

met


Input: Both proclaimed the Plan of Iguala, which called for the union of all insurgent factions.

called

proclaimed


Input: It was supported by both the aristocracy and clergy of New Spain.

supported


Input: It called for a monarchy in an independent Mexico.

called


Input: Finally, the independence of Mexico was achieved on September 27, 1821.

achieved


Input: After that, the mainland of New Spain was organized as the Mexican Empire.

organized


Input: This ephemeral Catholic monarchy was changed to a federal republic in 1823, due both to internal conflicts and the separation of Central America from Mexico.

due

changed

separation

conflicts


Input: After some Spanish reconquest attempts, including the expedition of Isidro Barradas in 1829, Spain under the rule of Isabella II recognized the independence of Mexico in 1836.

recognized


Input: Hurricane Kate was the final in a series of tropical cyclones to impact the United States during 1985, and the latest in any calendar year to strike the country at hurricane intensity on record.

strike

impact


Input: The eleventh named storm, seventh hurricane, and third major hurricane of the annual hurricane season, Kate originated from the interaction of an upper-level trough and tropical wave northeast of Puerto Rico on November 15.

storm

hurricane

hurricane

originated


Input: Though the system tracked erratically during the first hours of its existence, the intensification of a region of high pressure to the cyclone's north caused Kate to turn westward.

caused

tracked


Input: A favorable atmospheric pattern allowed the newly developed system to intensify to hurricane intensity on November 16, and further to Category 2 intensity three days later.

intensify

allowed


Input: Kate made its first landfall on the northern coast of Cuba at this intensity prior to emerging as a slightly weaker storm during the evening hours of November 19.

landfall

emerging


Input: Once clear of land, it began to strengthen quickly, becoming a Category 3 and reaching its peak intensity of 120 mph (195 km/h) the following day.

reaching

becoming

strengthen

began


Input: On November 21, a cold front moving across the Mississippi Valley resulted in a north and eventual northeast turn of the cyclone, and on November 22, Kate came ashore near Mexico Beach, Florida, as a minimal Category 2 hurricane with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) .

hurricane

resulted in

came


Input: Gradual weakening ensued as the cyclone moved along the Southeast United States coastline, and Kate transitioned to an extratropical cyclone on November 23, a day after exiting the coastline of North Carolina.

weakening

transitioned

exiting

ensued

moved


Input: The threat of Hurricane Kate in Cuba prompted the evacuation of 360,000 people.

prompted


Input: Heavy rainfall in Cuba caused numerous mudslides and flooding, killing 10 people and leading to severe agriculture damage.

caused

leading to

killing


Input: Wind gusts over hurricane intensity resulted in widespread power outages, significant building damage, and major crop damage.

resulted in


Input: Damage totaled roughly $400 million, making it the most damaging hurricane to strike the island in many decades.

hurricane

making it

strike

Damage


Input: In preparation for the system's arrival, many hurricane watches and warnings were put into effect.

arrival

put

warnings


Input: Hundreds of thousands of residents were evacuated, and Florida governor Bob Graham declared a state of emergency for six counties; this was later cancelled following the relatively minor impacts of Kate.

cancelled

declared

impacts

evacuated


Input: In addition, many shelters were opened.

opened


Input: When Kate struck the Florida Panhandle, it became the first hurricane to make landfall in that location since Hurricane Eloise in 1975.

became

hurricane

struck

make


Input: Storm surge and flooding rains destroyed much of the oyster industry, causing many people to lose their jobs in the weeks after the storm.

causing

destroyed


Input: Gusts over 100 mph (160 km/h) contributed to downed trees and building damage, while the combination of wind and rain led to downed power poles.

contributed


Input: Across the remainder of the southeast United States, several inches of rainfall led to flash flooding, damage to roadways, and major tree damage.

led to


Input: Overall, Kate resulted in 15 fatalities and $700 million in damage.

resulted in


Input: The "Virginius" Affair was a diplomatic dispute that occurred from October 1873 to February 1875 between the United States, the United Kingdom, and Spain (then in control of Cuba), during the Ten Years' War.

occurred


Input: "Virginius" was a fast American ship hired by Cuban insurrectionists to land men and munitions in Cuba to attack the Spanish regime there.

attack

hired


Input: It was captured by the Spanish, who wanted to try the men onboard (many of whom were American and British citizens) as pirates and execute them.

captured


Input: The Spanish executed 53 of the men but stopped when the British government demanded it.

stopped

demanded


Input: Throughout the ordeal there was loose talk that the U.S. might declare war on Spain.

declare


Input: During the lengthy negotiations the Spanish government had undergone several changes in leadership.

negotiations


Input: US consul Caleb Cushing ended the episode by negotiating $80,000 in reparations to be paid to the families of the Americans who were executed.

paid

negotiating

ended


Input: British families were compensated by the Spanish government through negotiation prior to American compensation.

negotiation

compensated


Input: The incident was remarkable for the use of international diplomacy for a peaceful settlement implemented by US Secretary of State Hamilton Fish, rather than opting for a costly war between the United States and Spain.

implemented

opting


Input: The "Virginius" Affair started a resurgence in the US Navy following the American Civil War; its fleet had been heretofore inferior to the warships of Spain.

started


Input: The Illinois State Fair is an annual festival, centering on the theme of agriculture, hosted by the U.S. state of Illinois in the state capital, Springfield.

hosted

centering

Fair

festival


Input: The state fair has been celebrated almost every year since 1853.

fair

celebrated


Input: In 2018 369,144 visits were tallied.

tallied

visits


Input: This marked a sharp decline from the more than 700,000 visitors counted in 2008, when the fair had been the 13th largest state fair in the United States.

decline

marked

fair

fair


Input: Currently, the fair is held annually at the Illinois State Fairgrounds over an 11-day period in mid-August of each year.

held

fair


Input: In 2018, the State Fair was held from August 9-19, and an admission fee was charged.

admission

charged

held

Fair


Input: The NKOTBSB Tour is a co-headlining concert tour between American boy bands New Kids on the Block and the Backstreet Boys, who together formed NKOTBSB.

formed

concert

Tour

tour


Input: The tour visited North America in 2011.

tour

visited


Input: Europe, Australia and Asia were added to the itinerary for 2012.

added


Input: The tour ranked 44th in Pollstar's "Top 50 Worldwide Tour (Mid-Year)", earning over 10 million dollars.

earning

ranked

tour

Tour


Input: At the conclusion of 2011, the tour placed 8th on Billboard's annual "Top 25 Tours", earning over $76 million with 51 shows.

earning

placed

shows

tour

Tours


Input: The London concert on April 29, 2012 in O2 Arena was shown live at select movie theaters at 9PM CET and streamed live with pay per view system.

view

select

pay

concert


Input: The Ash Wednesday bushfires, known in South Australia as Ash Wednesday II, were a series of bushfires that occurred in south-eastern Australia on 16 February 1983, which was Ash Wednesday in the Christian calendar.

bushfires

bushfires

occurred

known


Input: Within twelve hours, more than 180 fires fanned by winds of up to 110 km/h (68 mph) caused widespread destruction across the states of Victoria and South Australia.

fires

caused

destruction

fanned


Input: Years of severe drought and extreme weather combined to create one of Australia's worst fire days in a century.

drought

fire

combined

create


Input: The fires became the deadliest bushfire in Australian history until the Black Saturday bushfires in 2009.

became

fires

bushfire

bushfires


Input: In Victoria 47 people died.

died


Input: There were 28 deaths in South Australia.

deaths


Input: This included 14 CFA and 3 CFS volunteer fire-fighters who died across both states that day.

included

died


Input: Many fatalities were as a result of firestorm conditions caused by a sudden and violent wind change in the evening which rapidly changed the direction and size of the fire front.

fire

caused

change

changed

fatalities


Input: The speed and ferocity of the flames, aided by abundant fuels and a landscape immersed in smoke, made fire suppression and containment impossible.

aided

made

impossible

suppression

immersed

fuels


Input: In many cases, residents fended for themselves as fires broke communications, cut off escape routes and severed electricity and water supplies.

communications

fended

severed

escape

cut off

fires

supplies


Input: Up to 8,000 people were evacuated in Victoria at the height of the crisis and a state of disaster was declared for the first time in South Australia's history.

evacuated

declared


Input: More than 35 townhouses were burned in a small town in Victoria.

burned


Input: Ash Wednesday was one of Australia's costliest natural disasters.

disasters


Input: More than 3,700 buildings were destroyed or damaged and 2,545 individuals and families lost their homes.

damaged

destroyed

lost


Input: Livestock losses were very high, with more than 340,000 sheep, 18,000 cattle and numerous native animals either dead or later destroyed.

dead

destroyed

losses


Input: A total of 4,540 insurance claims were paid totalling A$176 million with a total estimated cost of well over $400 million (1983 values) for both states or $1.3 billion in adjusted terms (2007).

adjusted

paid

cost

claims


Input: The emergency saw the largest number of volunteers called to duty from across Australia at the same time—an estimated 130,000 firefighters, defence force personnel, relief workers and support crews.

relief

called

support


Input: The Gulf War (2 August 199028 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Shield (2 August 199017 January 1991) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm (17 January 199128 February 1991) in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait arising from oil pricing and production disputes.

invasion

Storm

arising

defense

combat

response


Input: The war is also known under other names, such as the Persian Gulf War, First Gulf War, Gulf War I, Kuwait War, First Iraq War or Iraq War, before the term "Iraq War" became identified instead with the post-2003 Iraq War.

became

known


Input: The war has also earned the nickname Video Game War after the daily broadcast of images from cameras on board US bombers during Operation Desert Storm.

earned

nickname


Input: On 2 August 1990 the Iraqi Army invaded and occupied Kuwait, which was met with international condemnation and brought immediate economic sanctions against Iraq by members of the UN Security Council.

invaded

brought

met with

occupied


Input: Together with the UK prime minister Margaret Thatcher, who had resisted the invasion by Argentina of the Falkland Islands a decade earlier, American President George H. W. Bush deployed US forces into Saudi Arabia, and urged other countries to send their own forces to the scene.

deployed

urged

resisted

send


Input: An array of nations joined the coalition, forming the largest military alliance since World War II.

joined

forming


Input: The great majority of the coalition's military forces were from the US, with Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom and Egypt as leading contributors, in that order.

order


Input: Kuwait and Saudi Arabia paid around US$32 billion of the US$60 billion cost.

paid

cost


Input: The war marked the introduction of live news broadcasts from the front lines of the battle, principally by the US network CNN.

battle

marked


Input: The initial conflict to expel Iraqi troops from Kuwait began with an aerial and naval bombardment on 17 January 1991, continuing for five weeks.

conflict

began


Input: This was followed by a ground assault on 24 February.

assault


Input: This was a decisive victory for the coalition forces, who liberated Kuwait and advanced into Iraqi territory.

advanced


Input: The coalition ceased its advance and declared a ceasefire 100 hours after the ground campaign started.

declared

ceased

started


Input: Aerial and ground combat was confined to Iraq, Kuwait, and areas on Saudi Arabia's border.

combat


Input: Iraq launched Scud missiles against coalition military targets in Saudi Arabia and against Israel.

launched


Input: The invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 was a two-day operation conducted by Iraq against the neighboring State of Kuwait, which resulted in the seven-month-long Iraqi occupation of the country.

conducted

resulted in


Input: This invasion and Iraq's subsequent refusal to withdraw from Kuwait by a deadline mandated by the United Nations led to military intervention by a United Nations-authorized coalition of forces led by the United States.

led to

withdraw


Input: These events came to be known as the first Gulf War and resulted in the expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait and the Iraqis setting 600 Kuwaiti oil wells on fire during their retreat.

resulted in


Input: In early 1990 Iraq was accusing Kuwait of stealing Iraqi petroleum through slant drilling, although some Iraqi sources indicated Saddam Hussein's decision to attack Kuwait was made a few months before the actual invasion.

attack

indicated


Input: Some feel there were several reasons for the Iraqi move, including Iraq's inability to pay the more than US$14 billion that it had borrowed to finance the Iran–Iraq War, and Kuwaiti high petroleum production levels which kept revenues down for Iraq.

pay


Input: The invasion started on 2 August 1990, and within two days most of the Kuwait Armed Forces were either overrun by the Iraqi Republican Guard or fell back to neighbouring Saudi Arabia and Bahrain.

fell

started


Input: Iraq set up a puppet government known as the "Republic of Kuwait" to rule over Kuwait and then annexed it outright, when Saddam Hussein announced a few days later that it was the 19th province of Iraq.

rule

announced

set up


Input: The Battle of Stavishche (Polish: Bitwa pod Stawiszczami), also called the Siege of Stawiszcze, took place between July 7 - October 7, 1664, during the Russo-Polish War (1654–67).

Battle

called

took place


Input: Polish Crown forces under Stefan Czarniecki besieged the town of Stavyshche (Stawiszcze), which at that time belonged to Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s Kiev Voivodeship.

besieged

forces


Input: The residents of Stavyshche rebelled against Polish rule, and as a result, the town was destroyed in January 1665.

destroyed

rebelled


Input: In mid-1664, Polish forces under Czarniecki raided Right-bank Ukraine.

raided

forces


Input: At the same time, the town of Stavyshche/Stawiszcze, located near Kiev rebelled against Polish rule (see Treaty of Andrusovo).

rebelled


Input: Its siege began on July 7, and lasted four months, after which the defenders surrendered, due to hunger and lack of ammunition.

began

surrendered


Input: Leaders of the rebellion were caught and killed, and the town had to pay a large fine to Polish troops.

pay

killed


Input: Soon afterwards, another rebellion began at Stavyshche.

began


Input: This time, Czarniecki ordered to murder all residents, and burn the town to the ground.

burn

murder

ordered


Input: Hurricane Dora was the first tropical cyclone on record to make landfall over the First Coast of Florida at hurricane intensity.

hurricane

record


Input: The sixth tropical storm and second hurricane of the 1964 season, Dora developed from a tropical wave near the coast of Senegal on August 28.

storm

hurricane

developed


Input: After a reconnaissance aircraft flight on September 1, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Dora.

upgraded


Input: It then curved northeastward and continued to strengthen.

strengthen

curved

continued


Input: By early on September 3, Dora became a Category 1 hurricane.

became


Input: Six hours later, the storm reached Category 2 intensity.

reached


Input: Intensification slowed somewhat, though Dora became a Category 3 on September 5.

became

slowed


Input: Deepening further, the storm peaked as a Category 4 with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km/h) early the following day.


Input: At 18:00 UTC on September 6, Dora weakened to a Category 3 hurricane, then a Category 2 hurricane while curving westward early the following day.

weakened

curving


Input: Later on September 7, Dora re-strengthened into a Category 3 hurricane.

re-strengthened


Input: Approaching the east coast of Florida, Dora's motion became erratic, making a few cyclonic loops.

Approaching

became

making


Input: Around 04:00 UTC on September 10, the hurricane made landfall near St. Augustine, Florida, with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h).


Input: Two hours later, Dora weakened to a Category 2 hurricane.

weakened


Input: However, deterioration then slowed, with the hurricane falling to tropical storm intensity over Jefferson County on September 11.

storm

slowed


Input: Dora then briefly drifted over southwestern Georgia, until turned east-northeastward late the next day.

turned

drifted


Input: Early on September 14, the storm re-emerged into the Atlantic Ocean near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone several hours later.

transitioned

re-emerged


Input: The remnants of Dora moved rapidly northeastward and dissipated offshore Newfoundland early on September 16.

moved

dissipated


Input: Along the coast, tides reached up to above mean sea level.

reached


Input: Strong winds lashed North Florida, with sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h) observed in St. Augustine.

lashed

observed


Input: In Jacksonville, approximately 156,000 customers were left without electricity, while about 19% of phones in Duval County were out of service.

left


Input: Much of the damage in the Jacksonville area occurred to older buildings and those located in coastal areas.

occurred

damage


Input: Additionally, sections of the city experienced wind-induced river flooding in the vicinity of the St. Johns River.

flooding


Input: Heavy rainfall damaged many unharvested crops and inundated numerous roads and bridges, isolating some communities for several days.

damaged

inundated


Input: Throughout Florida, 74 dwellings were flattened and 9,374 received damage, while 14 mobile homes were destroyed and 218 others suffered severe impact.

suffered

flattened

damage

destroyed

impact

received


Input: About 50 farm buildings and 423 small businesses were severely damaged or demolished.

damaged

demolished


Input: Three deaths and at least $230 million in damage occurred.

occurred

damage

deaths


Input: In Georgia, the storm damaged about 1,135 homes and obliterated five others.

damaged

obliterated


Input: Additionally, 18 trailers suffered major impact, while 43 small businesses were destroyed or experienced severe damage.

suffered

damage

destroyed


Input: There was one death in the state and at least $9 million in damage.

damage

death


Input: A few other states were affected by the storm, though impact there was much less.

storm

affected

impact


Input: One death occurred in Virginia.

occurred

death


Input: Overall, Dora caused $280 million in damage and five deaths.

caused

damage

deaths


Input: The French Wars of Religion were a prolonged period of war and popular unrest between Catholics and Huguenots (Reformed/Calvinist Protestants) in the Kingdom of France between 1562 and 1598.

prolonged

war

unrest


Input: It is estimated that three million people perished in this period from violence, famine, or disease in what is considered the second deadliest religious war in European history (surpassed only by the Thirty Years' War, which took eight million lives).

surpassed

took

perished

war

violence


Input: Much of the conflict took place during the long regency of Queen Catherine de' Medici, widow of Henry II of France, for her minor sons.

took place

conflict


Input: It also involved a dynastic power struggle between powerful noble families in the line for succession to the French throne: the wealthy, ambitious, and fervently Catholic ducal House of Guise (a cadet branch of the House of Lorraine, who claimed descent from Charlemagne) and their ally Anne de Montmorency, Constable of France (i.e., commander in chief of the French armed forces) versus the less wealthy House of Condé (a branch of the House of Bourbon), princes of the blood in the line of succession to the throne who were sympathetic to Calvinism.

armed

involved

struggle

forces

claimed


Input: Foreign allies provided financing and other assistance to both sides, with Habsburg Spain and the Duchy of Savoy supporting the Guises, and England supporting the Protestant side led by the Condés and by the Protestant Jeanne d'Albret, wife of Antoine de Bourbon, King of Navarre, and her son, Henry of Navarre.

assistance

provided

supporting

supporting


Input: Moderates, primarily associated with the French Valois monarchy and its advisers, tried to balance the situation and avoid open bloodshed.

associated

open

avoid


Input: This group (pejoratively known as Politiques) put their hopes in the ability of a strong centralized government to maintain order and harmony.

put

maintain


Input: In contrast to the previous hardline policies of Henri II and his father Francis I, they began introducing gradual concessions to Huguenots.

began


Input: A most notable moderate, at least initially, was the queen mother, Catherine de' Medici.


Input: Catherine, however, later hardened her stance and, at the time of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572, sided with the Guises.

hardened


Input: This pivotal historical event involved a complete breakdown of state control resulting in series of riots and massacres in which Catholic mobs killed between 5,000 and 30,000 Protestants over a period of weeks throughout the entire kingdom.

resulting in

involved

control

massacres

killed


Input: At the conclusion of the conflict in 1598, the Protestant Henry of Navarre, heir to the French throne, converted to Catholicism and was crowned Henry IV of France.

converted

crowned

conflict


Input: He issued the Edict of Nantes, which granted Huguenots substantial rights and freedoms though this did not end Catholic hostility towards them or towards him, personally.

granted


Input: The wars of religion threatened the authority of the monarchy, already fragile under the rule of Catherine's three sons and the last Valois kings: Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III.

wars

threatened


Input: This changed under the reign of their Bourbon successor Henry IV.

changed


Input: The edict of Nantes was revoked later in 1685 with the Edict of Fontainebleau by Louis XIV of France.

revoked


Input: Henry IV's wise governance and selection of able administrators did leave a legacy of a strong centralized government, stability, and economic prosperity that has gained him the reputation as France's best and most beloved monarch, earning him the designation "Good King Henry".

selection

leave

earning

gained


Input: On 18 November 1987, at approximately 19:30, a fire broke out at King's Cross St Pancras tube station, a major interchange on the London Underground.

broke out


Input: As well as the mainline railway stations above ground and subsurface platforms for the Metropolitan, Circle and Hammersmith & City lines, there were platforms deeper underground for the Northern, Piccadilly, and Victoria lines.


Input: The fire started under a wooden escalator serving the Piccadilly line and, at 19:45, erupted in a flashover into the underground ticket hall, killing 31 people and injuring 100.

started

erupted


Input: A public inquiry was conducted from February to June 1988.

conducted


Input: The investigators reproduced the fire twice, once to determine whether grease under the escalator was ignitable, and the other to determine whether a computer simulation of the fire—which would have determined the cause of the flashover—was accurate.

reproduced

determine

determine


Input: The inquiry determined that the fire had started due to a lit match being dropped onto the escalator.

determined

started


Input: The fire seemed minor until it suddenly increased in intensity, and shot a violent, prolonged tongue of fire, and billowing smoke, up into the ticket hall.

increased

prolonged

seemed

shot


Input: This sudden transition in intensity, and the spout of fire, was due to the previously unknown trench effect, discovered by the computer simulation of the fire, and confirmed in two scale model tests.

confirmed

discovered


Input: London Underground were strongly criticised for their attitude toward fires.

criticised


Input: Staff were complacent because there had never been a fatal fire on the Underground, and had been given little or no training to deal with fires or evacuation.

given


Input: A report was published on the inquiry, leading to resignations of senior management in both London Underground and London Regional Transport and to the introduction of new fire safety regulations.

published


Input: Wooden escalators were gradually replaced with metal escalators on the London Underground.


Input: The 1870 Open Championship was a golf competition held at Prestwick Golf Club, Ayrshire, Scotland.

competition

Open


Input: It was the 11th Open Championship and the last to be contested for the Challenge Belt.

contested

Open


Input: Tom Morris, Jr. won the championship by 12 shots from Bob Kirk and Davie Strath.

shots


Input: By winning for a third successive time Tom Morris, Jr. gained permanent possession of the Challenge Belt.

winning

gained


Input: The contest took place the day after the autumn meeting of the club.

took place


Input: A published notice for the benefit of prospective entrants to the tournament read, "On Thurs the 15th Sept. the CHAMPION BELT, given by the Prestwick Golf Club, and open to all Members of Established Golf Clubs and Professionals, will be competed for".

competed

given

open

read


Input: Tommy Morris's first round of 47 (3-5-3-5-6-3-3-3-4-3-4-5) was two shots better than his previous record round in 1868.

record


Input: This gave him a five shot lead over Bob Kirk.

gave


Input: After a second round 51 he held a five shot lead over Davie Strath.

held


Input: A final 51 extended his lead to 12 shots.

extended

final


Input: His final score of 149 was 5 shots better than the previous record set in 1868.

score

record


Input: There were 20 starters but only 17 returned scores.

returned


Input: Morris returned to St Andrews by train, late on Saturday evening.

returned


Input: A "great multitude" were there to meet him and he was carried, shoulder high, to Mr. Leslie's Golf Hotel, where his health was drunk.

meet

carried


Input: The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of European Catholic states arranged by Pope Pius V, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras.

arranged

Battle

engagement

fleet

fleet

took place


Input: The Ottoman forces were sailing westward from their naval station in "Lepanto" (the Venetian name of ancient "Naupactus" , Ottoman "") when they met the fleet of the Holy League which was sailing east from Messina, Sicily.

met

forces

fleet

sailing

sailing


Input: The Spanish Empire and the Venetian Republic were the main powers of the coalition, as the league was largely financed by Philip II of Spain and Venice was the main contributor of ships.

financed


Input: In the history of naval warfare, Lepanto marks the last major engagement in the Western world to be fought almost entirely between rowing vessels, namely the galleys and galeasses which were the direct descendants of ancient trireme warships.

warfare

engagement

fought


Input: The battle was in essence an "infantry battle on floating platforms".

battle

battle


Input: It was the largest naval battle in Western history since classical antiquity, involving more than 400 warships.

battle


Input: Over the following decades, the increasing importance of the galleon and the line of battle tactic would displace the galley as the major warship of its era, marking the beginning of the "Age of Sail".

battle

beginning

marking


Input: The victory of the Holy League is of great importance in the history of Europe and of the Ottoman Empire, marking the turning-point of Ottoman military expansion into the Mediterranean, although the Ottoman wars in Europe would continue for another century.

expansion

victory

military

wars

marking


Input: It has long been compared to the Battle of Salamis, both for tactical parallels and for its crucial importance in the defense of Europe against imperial expansion.

defense

expansion

Battle


Input: It was also of great symbolic importance in a period when Europe was torn by its own wars of religion following the Protestant Reformation.

Reformation

torn

wars


Input: Pope Pius V instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory, and Philip II of Spain used the victory to strengthen his position as the "Most Catholic King" and defender of Christendom against Muslim incursion.

strengthen

instituted

Victory

used


Input: Historian Paul K. Davis writes that, "More than a military victory, Lepanto was a moral one.

military


Input: For decades, the Ottoman Turks had terrified Europe, and the victories of Suleiman the Magnificent caused Christian Europe serious concern.

caused


Input: The defeat at Lepanto further exemplified the rapid deterioration of Ottoman might under Selim II, and Christians rejoiced at this setback for the Ottomans.

exemplified

defeat

deterioration

setback


Input: The mystique of Ottoman power was tarnished significantly by this battle, and Christian Europe was heartened."

tarnished

battle

heartened


Input: Hurricane Debbie is the most powerful cyclone on record to strike Ireland in September, and possibly the only tropical cyclone on record to ever strike Britain and Ireland while still tropical.

strike

strike

record

record


Input: The fourth named storm of the 1961 Atlantic hurricane season, Debbie originated from a well-defined tropical disturbance that was first identified in late August over Central Africa.

storm

identified

originated


Input: Tracking generally westward, the system moved off the coast of Senegal on September 5 into the Atlantic Ocean.

moved


Input: By this time, it was estimated to have become a tropical storm, but forecasters did not issue advisories on the system until two days later.

become

storm

issue


Input: Late on September 6, Debbie passed through the southern Cape Verde Islands as a strong tropical storm or minimal hurricane, resulting in a plane crash that killed 60 people in the islands.

storm

hurricane

resulting in

killed

passed


Input: Once clear of the islands, data on the storm became sparse, and the status of Debbie was uncertain over the following several days as it tracked west-northwestward and later northward.

became

storm

tracked


Input: It was not until a commercial airliner intercepted the storm on September 10 that its location became certain.

became

storm


Input: The following day, Debbie intensified and reached its peak intensity as a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale, with maximum winds of 120 mph (195 km/h).

reached

intensified


Input: Maintaining its peak intensity for over a day, the hurricane gradually slowed its forward motion and weakened.

weakened

slowed


Input: By September 13, Debbie's motion became influenced by the Westerlies, causing the system to accelerate east-northeastward.

became

causing

accelerate

influenced


Input: The system passed over the western Azores as a minimal hurricane on September 15.

hurricane

passed


Input: At this point, there is uncertainty as to the structure of Debbie, whether it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone or maintained its identity as a tropical system.

transitioned

maintained


Input: Regardless of which took place, the system deepened as it neared Ireland, skirting the coast of Western Ireland on September 16.

deepened

took place


Input: Shortly thereafter, the system was confirmed to have become extratropical as it continued towards the northeast.

become

confirmed


Input: The remnants of the storm later turned eastward, striking Norway and Russia, before dissipating on September 19.

turned

storm

dissipating


Input: Striking Ireland as a powerful storm, Debbie brought record winds to much of the island, with a peak gust of measured just offshore.

Striking

brought

storm

record


Input: These winds caused widespread damage and disruption, downing tens of thousands of trees and power lines.

downing

caused

damage


Input: Countless structures sustained varying degrees of damage, with many smaller buildings destroyed.

damage

destroyed


Input: Agriculture experienced extensive losses to barley, corn and wheat crops.

experienced

losses


Input: Throughout Ireland, Debbie killed 18 people (12 in the Republic of Ireland and six in Northern Ireland).

killed


Input: It caused US$40–50 million in damage in the Republic and at least £1.5 million (US$4 million) in Northern Ireland.

caused

damage


Input: The storm also battered parts of Great Britain with winds in excess of .

battered


Input: Typhoon Dot, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Saling, was the strongest storm of the 1985 season.

storm


Input: Dot originated from a small area of thunderstorm activity in early to mid October.

originated


Input: The system was first classified on October 11, and steadily intensified over the next few days.

intensified


Input: Dot attained typhoon strength on October 15, and subsequently entered a period of explosive deepening, which was not anticipated by forecasters.

entered

attained


Input: The next day the intensification rate slowed, but that evening, Dot attained its maximum intensify.

slowed

attained


Input: A steady weakening trend began on October 17, though the system maintained typhoon intensity through the passage of the Philippines.

maintained

began


Input: After entering the South China Sea late on October 18, Dot briefly re-intensified, only to weaken as it approached Vietnam.

entering

approached

re-intensified

weaken


Input: On October 21, Dot struck Vietnam while still a typhoon, but dissipated the next day over the high terrain of the nation.

struck

dissipated


Input: Although damage across the Philippines was less than initially expected, the typhoon lashed the nation with heavy rains.

damage


Input: Province of Nueva Ecija suffered the worst effects from Dot.

suffered

effects


Input: There, of crops and 90% of all buildings were damaged.

damaged


Input: In Cabanatuan, 2,500 homes and 90% of structures were destroyed.

destroyed


Input: Overall, 42 towns were flooded, forcing a total of 125,000 people to flee their homes, 35,000 of which were homeless.

flooded

flee

forcing


Input: Furthermore, 52,933 houses were leveled while an additional 200,450 were damaged.

damaged

leveled


Input: Nationwide, 24 were hurt.

hurt


Input: While tracking through the South China Sea, Dot passed through Hainan Island.

passed

tracking


Input: There, two casualties occurred while 34 others suffered injuries.

suffered

injuries

occurred


Input: Across the island, over 2,300 dwellings were destroyed.

destroyed


Input: In all, Dot was responsible for 90 deaths and $104.9 million (1985 USD) in damage.

damage

deaths


Input: At approximately 11 pm local time, 13 April 2010, a severe storm struck parts of Bangladesh and eastern India.

struck

storm


Input: It lasted about 90 minutes, with the most intense portion spanning 30–40 minutes.

spanning

lasted


Input: As of 16 April, more than 140 deaths have been reported.

deaths

reported


Input: At least 91 people died in the Indian state of Bihar, 44 in West Bengal, and 4 in Assam.

died


Input: In Bangladesh, five deaths and two hundred injuries were reported.

injuries

deaths

reported


Input: Most of the deaths were women and children crushed when their huts were destroyed.

crushed

deaths

destroyed


Input: Over 91,000 dwellings were destroyed in India and several thousand in Bangladesh; approximately 300,000 dwellings were at least partially damaged.

damaged

destroyed


Input: Both mud and pucca housing was damaged by the storm.

storm

damaged


Input: Nearly 500,000 people were left homeless or otherwise affected by the storm.

storm

left

affected


Input: The 1991 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships was the 55th such event sanctioned by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), and at the same time served as the 66th and last Ice Hockey European Championships.

sanctioned

Championships

Championships


Input: Teams representing 25 countries participated in several levels of competition.

competition

participated


Input: The competition also served as qualifications for group placements in the 1992 competition.

competition

competition


Input: The top Championship Group A tournament took place in Finland from 19 April to 4 May 1991, with games played in Turku, Helsinki and Tampere.

tournament

played

took place


Input: Eight teams took part, with each team playing each other once.

playing


Input: The four best teams then played each other once more.

played


Input: Sweden became world champions for the fifth time, and the Soviet Union won their 27th European title.

became

title


Input: In the European Championships, only matches between European teams in the first round were counted towards scoring.

Championships


Input: There were three significant 'lasts' in this year's championships.

championships


Input: This would be the last year that a separate European title would be awarded, which the Soviets captured in their last appearance before the dissolution of the Soviet Union seven months later.

captured

awarded

title


Input: Their position in Group A would be inherited by Russia, while newly independent former Soviet member states Belarus, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, and Ukraine began play in 1993 in qualification tournaments for Group C. The tournament itself would change significantly after this year as well.

change

tournaments

tournament

inherited

began


Input: This was the last time the top level was contested by eight teams; beginning in 1992 it would expand to twelve, requiring both Groups B and C to promote four nations each.

promote

expand

contested

beginning


Input: The final round of four teams was a very tight battle, except for the United States.

battle


Input: Getting only a tie against the last place Germans, the Americans only advanced to the final round by narrowly defeating the host Finns.

advanced

defeating


Input: The USA were easily defeated by the three other teams in the final round, but were involved in a controversial finish.

defeated

involved


Input: The Canadians, having tied both the Swedes and the Soviets, needed to win their game against the US by five goals, then hope that the Swedes and Soviets tied, ensuring Canada the gold.

tied

tied

ensuring


Input: Winning 7-4 in the final minute, and despite playing short-handed, they miraculously got the two goals they needed.

playing

got


Input: American coach Tim Taylor, trailing 9-4, pulled his goalie in the final minute, later claiming that he was trying to score the necessary number of goals to win the bronze medal.

score

win

pulled

claiming


Input: It was the last of many questionable finishes over the years that hastened the IIHF to change the format of the tournament.

change

hastened

tournament

finishes


Input: The Soviets and Swedes took a 1-1 tie into the third period of the last game, which would have given the gold medal to Canada had it held up.

given


Input: However, Mats Sundin scored at 9:37, and the Swedes held on to capture gold.

held on to

scored

capture


Input: The 2003 Youth Asia Cup was an international under-19 cricket tournament held in Karachi, Pakistan, from 14 to 27 July 2003.

tournament

held


Input: The fifth ACC under-19 tournament to be held, it was originally scheduled to be held in Singapore, but was moved to Karachi as a precaution against the SARS outbreak.

held

held

moved


Input: The Asian Cricket Council (ACC) and Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) shared organising responsibilities.


Input: Nepal defeated Malaysia in the final, winning its second title and qualifying for the 2004 Under-19 World Cup in Bangladesh.

qualifying

winning

defeated


Input: Played during the usual off-season in Pakistan, the tournament was heavily impacted by monsoon rains – three matches (including the final) were shortened, three ended in no result (including a semi-final), and five were abandoned entirely (including the other semi-final), with no play possible.

shortened

Played

abandoned

impacted

ended


Input: The player of the tournament was Oman's Adnan Ilyas, who was the leading runscorer, and also one of three players who led the tournament's wicket-taking, alongside Nepal's Manjeet Shrestha and Kuwait's Waqas Jamil.

led


Input: The 20 March 2012 Iraq attacks were the sixth simultaneous wave of bombings to hit Iraq during the insurgency and the second such major assault since the US withdrawal at the end of 2011.

attacks

hit

assault

withdrawal

insurgency

end

bombings


Input: At least 50 people were killed and around 250 wounded in highly coordinated attacks spread out in at least 10 cities.

attacks

wounded

spread

killed


Input: The deadliest attack of the day took place in Karbala where twin bombings left 13 dead and 50 injured.

attack

bombings

injured

left

deadliest

dead

took place


Input: In the northern city of Kirkuk a car parked in the parking lot of a local security office exploded, killing 13 and leaving almost 60 wounded.

exploded

wounded

killing

parked


Input: Several explosions rocked the capital Baghdad, including mortar attacks close to the Green Zone and a suicide blast near an intelligence building opposite the Foreign Ministry – three people were killed and nine wounded in that attack.

explosions

attacks

blast

attack

wounded

suicide

killed

rocked


Input: Numerous other bombings and shootings took place all across the country, including Fallujah, Samarra, Baiji, Hillah, Latifiya, Tuz Khormato and others.

took place

bombings

shootings


Input: A car bomb in Ramadi killed two and injured 11, as unidentified gunmen shot and killed two police officers in a nearby village.

injured

killed

killed

car bomb

shot


Input: Authorities in Baqubah discovered and successfully disarmed at least eight explosive devices.

disarmed

discovered


Input: The 138th Kentucky Derby was the running of the Kentucky Derby in 2012, and took place on May 5 at 6:24 pm Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) at Churchill Downs.

running

took place


Input: Due to sponsorship, the race was known as the Kentucky Derby Presented by Yum!

race


Input: Brands.


Input: The race was televised in the United States on the NBC television network.

televised

race


Input: Prior to the race, the field was considered "unusually strong"; four time Derby winning trainer D. Wayne Lukas called it the "best bunch I've seen in a long time".

considered

race

seen


Input: The race was won by I'll Have Another, ridden by Mario Gutierrez, with a time of 2:01.83, while favorite Bodemeister finished second and Dullahan was third.

race

ridden

finished


Input: A record crowd of 165,307 was on hand at the track for the race.

race

track


Input: The September 1948 Florida hurricane was the most intense tropical cyclone to make landfall in the state since the 1935 Labor Day hurricane.

cyclone

landfall


Input: The fourth hurricane and third major hurricane of the season, this storm developed from a tropical wave over the Caribbean Sea on September 18.

developed


Input: Early the next day, the system strengthened into a hurricane while moving westward.

strengthened

moving


Input: Thereafter, it curved northwestward and continued to deepen.

deepen

curved


Input: By September 20, the system turned northward and later that day made landfall in Zapata Peninsula, Cuba as a Category 3 hurricane on the modern day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.

landfall

made

turned


Input: Another landfall occurred in Cuba early the next day to the south of Güines.

occurred


Input: Severe destruction was reported on the island, with winds up to observed in Havana.

destruction

observed

reported


Input: Over 700 buildings were destroyed.

destroyed


Input: Ten deaths occurred and damage totaled at least $2 million (1948 USD), while other sources estimate "several million dollars."

occurred

damage

deaths


Input: After emerging into the Straits of Florida on September 21, the storm resumed intensification, before striking near Boca Chica Key, Florida with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h).

striking

emerging


Input: By early on September 22, the system peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km/h).


Input: Shortly thereafter, another landfall occurred near Chokoloskee, Florida at the same intensity.

occurred


Input: Severe damage was reported in the state due to strong winds.

damage

winds

reported


Input: The storm was considered the worst in Key West since the 1919 Florida Keys hurricane.

storm


Input: Throughout the state, 1,200 homes were severely damaged or destroyed, while 40 businesses were demolished and 237 suffered impact.

suffered

damaged

destroyed

demolished

impact


Input: Throughout Florida, there were three fatalities and approximately $12 million (1948 USD) in damage, over half of which was inflicted on crops.

inflicted

damage

fatalities


Input: The storm rapidly weakened while crossing the state and emerged into the Atlantic Ocean as only a Category 1 hurricane later on September 22.

storm

weakened

emerged

crossing


Input: Slight fluctuations in intensity occurred before the hurricane became extratropical early on September 24, while located northwest of Bermuda.

became

occurred


Input: The Sunda Strait campaign of January 1794 was a series of manoeuvres and naval actions fought between warships and privateers of the French Republic and a squadron of vessels sent by the British East India Company to protect trade in the region, later augmented by Dutch warships.

augmented

protect

fought

sent


Input: The campaign developed as French forces based on Île de France reacted more quickly than the British forces in the Indian Ocean to the expansion of the French Revolutionary Wars on 1 February 1793.

developed

expansion

reacted


Input: French privateers rapidly spread along the British trade routes in the Far East, becoming concentrated around the narrow Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Dutch East Indies.

spread


Input: These ships were soon joined by French Navy frigates and began to inflict losses on shipping in the region.

joined

losses

began


Input: The Royal Navy forces in the Indian Ocean were deployed elsewhere and so the East India Company, the private enterprise that ruled much of British India in the 1790s and maintained their own fleet and navy, raised a squadron of armed merchant ships to patrol the Strait and drive off the raiders.

deployed

armed

raised

drive

maintained


Input: The arrival of this British force on 2 January 1794 was initially a success, the squadron over-running and capturing two large and well-armed privateers on 22 January, not long after the French vessels had been beaten off during an attack on the British trading post at Bencoolen.

success

arrival

attack

beaten

capturing


Input: On 24 January an action against a larger French squadron was fought in the Strait itself, but ended inconclusively and the squadrons divided, the British receiving the Dutch frigate "Amazone" as reinforcements.

fought

ended

receiving


Input: The French subsequently turned southwards out of the Strait and attacked Bencoolen again on 9 February, capturing an East Indiaman in the harbour before returning to Île de France with their prize.

returning

attacked

capturing

turned


Input: The Jonesborough ambush took place on 20 March 1989 near the Irish border outside the village of Jonesborough, County Armagh, Northern Ireland.

ambush

took place


Input: Two senior Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) officers, Chief Superintendent Harry Breen and Superintendent Bob Buchanan, were shot dead in an ambush by the Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade.

ambush

dead

shot


Input: Breen and Buchanan were returning from an informal cross-border security conference in Dundalk with senior Garda officers when Buchanan's car – a red Vauxhall Cavalier — was flagged down and fired upon by six IRA gunmen, who the policemen had taken for British soldiers.

flagged

returning

gunmen

conference

taken

fired


Input: Buchanan was killed outright whilst Breen, suffering gunshot wounds, was deliberately shot in the back of the head after he had left the car waving a white handkerchief.

suffering

wounds

left

killed

waving

shot


Input: They were the highest-ranking RUC officers to be killed during the Troubles.

killed


Input: To date nobody has been charged with killing the two officers.

charged

killing


Input: There have been allegations that the attack was the result of collusion between the Gardaí and the Provisional IRA.

attack

result


Input: Canadian judge Peter Cory investigated the killings in 2003; his findings were published in a report.

investigated

killings

findings

judge

published

report


Input: This led to the Irish government setting up the Smithwick Tribunal, a judicial inquiry into the killings which opened in Dublin in June 2011 and published its final report in December 2013.

led to

inquiry

killings

final

setting up

opened

published

report


Input: In the report Judge Peter Smithwick stated that ‘on balance of probability’, somebody inside the Dundalk Garda station had passed on information to the IRA regarding the presence of Breen and Buchanan.

passed

report

stated


Input: Hurricane Belle was a strong tropical cyclone that caused moderate damage across the East Coast of the United States in August 1976.

Hurricane

caused

damage


Input: In late July, a tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa.

emerged


Input: Traversing the Atlantic Ocean for more than a week, the system eventually consolidated into a tropical depression near the Bahamas on August 6.

consolidated

Traversing


Input: Remaining nearly stationary for a day, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm on August 7 and a hurricane later that day as it acquired a northwest motion.

storm

hurricane

strengthened

acquired

Remaining


Input: Formation of an eye accompanied quick intensification and Belle reached its peak the following day with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h).

reached


Input: The hurricane subsequently turned north and accelerated, skirting the Outer Banks of North Carolina.

hurricane

accelerated

turned


Input: Early on August 10, Belle made landfall on Long Island, New York, as a minimal hurricane crossing Long Island Sound and hitting the central coast of Connecticut as strong tropical storm.

hitting

hurricane

storm

landfall

made

crossing


Input: Thereafter, Belle transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over New England before moving over Atlantic Canada.

transitioned

moving


Input: The system turned east while over the north Atlantic and ultimately dissipated on August 15 to the south of Iceland.

dissipated

turned


Input: Threatening much of the East Coast of the United States, hurricane warnings were issued from Georgia to Maine.

hurricane

issued

Threatening

warnings


Input: An estimated 500,000 people evacuated coastal areas accordingly.

evacuated


Input: Overall, impacts from Belle were less than expected and mainly attributed to flooding across New England.

attributed

impacts

flooding


Input: Hundreds of thousands of residents lost power due to high winds.

due

lost


Input: A total of 12 people lost their lives, mostly incidents indirectly related to the hurricane, and damage reached an estimated $100 million.

hurricane

damage

lost

reached


Input: Portions of New Jersey, New York, and Vermont were later declared major disaster areas by then-President Gerald Ford.

disaster

declared


Input: Some damage also took place in New Brunswick, Canada, from heavy rain.

damage

took place


Input: The 1940 Louisiana hurricane caused record flooding across much of the Southern United States in August 1940.

hurricane

flooding

caused


Input: The second tropical cyclone and hurricane of the annual hurricane season, it formed from a frontal low off the west coast of Florida on August 3.

cyclone

hurricane

formed


Input: Initially a weak disturbance, it moved generally westward, slowly gaining in intensity.

gaining

moved

disturbance


Input: Early on August 4, the depression attained tropical storm intensity.

depression

storm

attained


Input: Ships in the vicinity of the storm reported a much stronger tropical cyclone than initially suggested.

storm

cyclone

suggested

reported


Input: After reaching hurricane strength on August 5 south of the Mississippi River Delta, the storm strengthened further into a Category 2 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 100 mph and a minimum barometric pressure of 972 mbar (hPa; 28.71 inHg) at 0600 UTC on August 7.

storm

hurricane

reaching

strengthened


Input: The hurricane moved ashore near Sabine Pass, Texas later that day at peak strength.

hurricane

moved


Input: Once inland, the storm executed a sharp curve to the north and quickly weakened, degenerating into a tropical storm on August 8 before dissipating over Arkansas on August 10.

storm

storm

weakened

degenerating

dissipating

curve


Input: Reports of a potentially destructive hurricane near the United States Gulf Coast forced thousands of residents in low-lying areas to evacuate prior to the storm moving inland.

hurricane

storm

forced

evacuate

moving

Reports


Input: Offshore, the hurricane generated rough seas and a strong storm surge, peaking at 6.4 ft (1.95 m) on the western edge of Lake Pontchartrain.

hurricane

storm

generated


Input: The anomalously high tides flooded many of Louisiana's outlying islands, inundating resorts.

flooded


Input: Strong winds caused moderate infrastructural damage, primarily in Texas, though its impact was mainly to communication networks along the US Gulf Coast which were disrupted by the winds.

caused

damage

disrupted

winds


Input: However, much of the property and crop damage wrought by the hurricane was due to the torrential rainfall it produced in low-lying areas, setting off record floods.

hurricane

floods

setting off

produced

damage


Input: Rainfall peaked at 37.5 in (953 mm) in Miller Island off Louisiana, making it the wettest tropical cyclone in state history.

cyclone


Input: Nineteen official weather stations in both Texas and Louisiana recorded record-level 24-hour rainfall totals for the month of August as a result of the slow-moving hurricane.

hurricane

recorded


Input: Property, livestock, and crops–especially cotton, corn, and pecan crops–were heavily damaged.

damaged


Input: Entire ecosystems were also altered by the rainfall.

altered


Input: Overall, the storm caused $10.75 million in damages and seven fatalities.

storm

caused

damages

fatalities


Input: Hurricane Gracie was a major hurricane that formed in September 1959, the strongest during the 1959 Atlantic hurricane season and the most intense to strike the United States since Hurricane Hazel in 1954.

strike

hurricane

hurricane

formed


Input: The system was first noted as an area of thunderstorms east of the Lesser Antilles which moved just north of the Greater Antilles, quickly intensifying into a hurricane on September 22.

hurricane

intensifying

noted

moved


Input: Gracie was a storm that was very difficult to forecast, with its movement unpredictable.

storm


Input: After five days of erratic motion, Gracie became a major hurricane which struck South Carolina, and weakened as it moved up the Appalachians, bringing much needed rain to a drought-plagued region.

struck

became

bringing

hurricane

weakened

moved up


Input: Much of the destruction related with Gracie was centered on Beaufort, South Carolina.

centered


Input: Gracie became an extratropical cyclone on September 30 while moving through the Eastern United States.

became

cyclone

moving


Input: Severe Tropical Storm Nock-ten, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Juaning, was a strong tropical storm which made a total of four landfalls in Southeast Asia, killing more than 100 people and causing damage estimated at US$126 million.


Input: It was the eighth named storm and the fourth severe tropical storm of the 2011 Pacific typhoon season.


Input: The depression formed on July 24.

formed


Input: Though it was one of the deadliest tropical storms of 2011, its anticipated landfall was well-publicized and appropriate preparations were made.


Input: (cf.


Input: :Conson)  Its peak intensity was measured at on the SSHS east of the Philippines.


Input: At initial landfall, the storm killed 75, leaving 9 missing, and causing damage around US$65.73 million.

killed


Input: The storm exited land and started strengthening again as it moved into the South China Sea.

exited

started


Input: The system turned towards China's Island province of Hainan where a yellow alert was issued and heavy to very heavy rainfall was predicted.

turned

predicted


Input: Fourteen flights from Hainan's provincial capital Haikou were cancelled and rail ferry service to China was suspended.

cancelled

suspended


Input: Some 27,700 people were evacuated from Hainan's low-lying area.

evacuated


Input: Nock-ten claimed 2 lives and caused widespread damage worth US$58 million in Hainan.

caused

claimed


Input: The system again exited land and strengthened as it curved towards Vietnam.

strengthened


Input: On approaching land, the system and its remnants affected Laos and Thailand.

affected


Input: The storm poured extremely heavy rainfall flooding the Yom River and the Nan River.

poured


Input: 650,000 people were evacuated from low-lying areas as some 6,200 acres of rice and other crop fields were reported completely submerged.

evacuated

reported


Input: Damages were expected to be US$2.33 million and the death toll was put at 42.


Input: The name "Nock-ten" was contributed by Laos and is refers to a bird

refers

contributed


Input: The 1970 Tonghai earthquake () occurred at with a moment magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X ("Extreme").

earthquake


Input: The strike-slip rupture originated on the Red River Fault, which had not experienced an earthquake above magnitude 7 since 1700, and affected Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China.

originated

affected


Input: At least 10,000 people were killed, making it one of the deadliest in its decade.

killed


Input: The tremor caused between US$5 to $25 million in damage, felt over an area of .

caused


Input: In Hanoi, North Vietnam, almost from the epicenter, victims left their homes as the rupture rumbled through the city.

left


Input: Occurring during the height of the Cultural Revolution, it was not widely publicized by the Chinese government for well over a decade.

Revolution


Input: The amount of aid and finances distributed was described by the "Beijing Morning Post" as "pathetically small".

distributed

described


Input: Much of the aid provided to survivors was in "spiritual" form, including Mao Zedong badges and condolence letters.

provided


Input: Nevertheless, the earthquake was among the first to be studied over a long term by the Chinese government.

studied


Input: It was cited as one of the reasons behind creating the largest earthquake monitoring system in China, 25 years later.

cited


Input: The Speak Now World Tour was the second concert tour by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.

tour


Input: Also referred to as the Speak Now World Tour 2011 and Speak Now World Tour 2012, the tour was launched in support of her third studio album "Speak Now" (2010).

referred

launched

support


Input: The tour visited Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania.

visited


Input: It was ranked 10th in Pollstar's "Top 50 Worldwide Tour (Mid-Year)", earning over $40 million.

earning

ranked


Input: At the conclusion of 2011, the tour was placed fourth on Pollstar's annual "Top 25 Worldwide Tours", earning $104.2 million with 100 shows.

earning

placed


Input: This made it the highest-grossing female and solo tour of 2011.

made it


Input: Flying Tiger Flight 282 refers to the crash of a Lockheed Constellation aircraft, N6915C, shortly after take-off from San Francisco International Airport in the early morning hours of Thursday, December 24, 1964.

refers

take-off


Input: On Wednesday, December 23, 1964, Flying Tiger Line Flight 282 arrived at San Francisco International Airport from Japan.

arrived at


Input: Filled with a cargo of electronic equipment, bolts of fabric, women's scarves, bandannas, purses, and costume jewelry for the Christmas holiday, the craft was refueled and departed just after midnight with a crew of three, of cargo, of mail, and 5,000 gallons of high-octane aviation fuel.

departed

Filled


Input: The weather was that of heavy fog and rain.


Input: A large cold frontal system was moving onshore, and on the north coast of California heavy flooding was destroying homes.

destroying

moving


Input: A Coast Guard helicopter had already been lost in these conditions.

lost


Input: Leaving just after midnight on December 24 from Runway 28, going northwest from the bay, flight 282 planned to head out over the ocean to circle and gain altitude, then travel east toward its destination of JFK International Airport in New York City.

planned

Leaving

gain

going

travel


Input: Shortly after takeoff, however, the plane veered to the left of its planned course.

planned

takeoff

veered


Input: The pilot, Jabez A. Richards, 49, of Bayhead, New Jersey, asked the tower for permission to change his radio setting from takeoff to departure frequency.

departure

takeoff

setting

permission

asked


Input: With him were Daniel W. Hennessy, 33, of Hillsborough, California, as co-pilot, and Paul M. Entz, 37, of North Hollywood, California, as flight engineer.

flight


Input: Seconds later, the plane vanished from the tower's radar scope.


Input: The "Super Connie" crashed near the top of Sweeney Ridge in San Bruno, very close to the site of a Coast Guard radio station.

crashed


Input: All three crew members aboard were killed.

killed


Input: No one on the ground was killed or injured.

injured

killed


Input: The Civil Aeronautics Board determined that the probable cause of the accident was that the pilot, for undetermined reasons, deviated from departure course into an area of rising terrain, where downdraft activity and turbulence affected the ability of the craft to climb.

cause

rising

deviated

determined

affected

climb


Input: The 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 was hosted in the West Indies from 9 to 24 November 2018, during the 2018–19 international cricket season.

hosted


Input: It was the sixth edition of the ICC Women's T20 World Cup, and the second hosted by the West Indies (after the 2010 edition).

hosted


Input: The West Indies were the defending champions.


Input: The tournament was awarded to the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) at the 2013 annual conference of the International Cricket Council (ICC).

awarded

tournament


Input: The tournament's dates were confirmed at an ICC board meeting in January 2015.

confirmed

tournament


Input: In February 2017, the ICC confirmed that this would be the first T20 tournament that uses the Umpire Decision Review System, with one review per side.

confirmed

uses


Input: The qualifier tournament for the competition was held in July 2018 in the Netherlands.

tournament

competition

held


Input: Both Bangladesh and Ireland won their respective semi final matches in the qualifier, to advance to the Women's World Twenty20 tournament.

advance


Input: The first match scheduled to be played in Saint Lucia, between England and Sri Lanka, was abandoned due to rain.

match

abandoned

rain


Input: With further rain forecast in Saint Lucia, the ICC looked at a contingency plan of moving other group games to Antigua.

looked

moving


Input: The following day, the ICC confirmed that the Group A matches would remain in Saint Lucia.

confirmed


Input: The ICC cited logistical issues and cost as the main factors for not moving the fixtures.

cited

cost

issues


Input: Australia in Group B qualified for the semi-finals, with their win against New Zealand, to give them three wins from three matches.

qualified

wins


Input: India, also in Group B, qualified for the semi-finals, after they beat Ireland by 52 runs, with three wins from three matches.

qualified

beat

wins


Input: In Group A, tournament hosts the West Indies, along with England, progressed to the semi-finals, after wins in their penultimate group-stage fixtures.

progressed

tournament

hosts


Input: In the first semi-final, the West Indies faced Australia, with England and India playing each other in the second semi-final.

playing

faced


Input: Australia beat the West Indies by 71 runs and England beat India by 8 wickets to progress to the final.

progress

beat

beat

final


Input: Australia won their fourth title after beating England in the final by 8 wickets.

beating

final


Input: Meg Lanning, captain of the Australian team said that the victory was "the most satisfying win I've been involved in" adding that "there will be some big celebrations".

said


Input: England's captain, Heather Knight, said that the team did not post a competitive total, but was "proud of the girls for reaching another world final".

proud

said


Input: Australia's Alyssa Healy was named the player of the tournament.

tournament

named


Input: On July 16, 2009, Harvard University professor Henry Louis Gates Jr. was arrested at his Cambridge, Massachusetts home by local police officer Sgt.

arrested


Input: James Crowley, who was responding to a 9-1-1 caller's report of men breaking and entering the residence.

responding


Input: The arrest initiated a series of events that unfolded under the spotlight of the international news media.

arrest

initiated


Input: The arrest occurred just after Gates returned home to Cambridge after a trip to China to research the ancestry of Yo-Yo Ma for "Faces of America".

arrest

returned

occurred


Input: Gates found the front door to his home jammed shut and, with the help of his driver, tried to force it open.

help

found

force


Input: A local witness reported their activity to the police as a potential burglary in progress.

reported


Input: Accounts regarding the ensuing confrontation differ, but Gates was arrested by the responding officer, Cambridge Police Sgt.

arrested

differ


Input: James Crowley, and charged with disorderly conduct.

charged


Input: On July 21, the charges against Gates were dropped.

dropped


Input: The arrest generated a national debate about whether or not it represented an example of racial profiling by police.

arrest

generated

debate


Input: On July 22, President Barack Obama said about the incident, "I don't know, not having been there and not seeing all the facts, what role race played in that.

said


Input: But I think it's fair to say, number one, any of us would be pretty angry; number two, that the Cambridge police acted stupidly in arresting somebody when there was already proof that they were in their own home, and, number three, what I think we know separate and apart from this incident is that there's a long history in this country of African Americans and Latinos being stopped by law enforcement disproportionately."

arresting

know

stopped

proof


Input: Law enforcement organizations and members objected to Obama's comments and criticized his handling of the issue.

criticized


Input: In the aftermath, Obama stated that he regretted his comments and hoped that the situation could become a "teachable moment".

become

stated


Input: On July 24, Obama invited both parties to the White House to discuss the issue over beer, and on July 30, Obama and Vice President Joe Biden joined Crowley and Gates in a private, cordial meeting in a courtyard near the White House Rose Garden; this became known colloquially as the "Beer Summit".

became

joined

discuss

invited

meeting


Input: An independent panel with experts from across the nation published a report on June 30, 2010, which states that "Sergeant Crowley and Professor Gates each missed opportunities to 'ratchet down' the situation and end it peacefully" and share responsibility for the controversial July 16 arrest.

published

states


Input: Crowley could have better explained how uncertain and potentially dangerous it is to respond to a serious crime-in-progress call and why this can result in a seemingly rude tone.

respond

explained


Input: Gates could have tried to understand Crowley's view of the situation and could have spoken respectfully to Crowley.

understand

spoken


Input: The report cites research that shows people's feelings about a police encounter depend significantly on whether they feel the officer displays respect and courtesy.

cites

feel

depend


Input: The Kerensky Offensive (), also commonly known as the July Offensive () or Galician Offensive, was the last Russian offensive in World War I.


Input: It took place in July 1917.

took place


Input: It was decided by Alexander Kerensky, Minister of War in the Russian provisional government, and led by General Brusilov.

led

decided


Input: Such a decision was ill-timed, because, following the February Revolution, there were strong popular demands for peace, especially within the Russian Army, whose fighting capabilities were quickly deteriorating.

Revolution

fighting

demands


Input: Discipline within the Russian Army had reached a point of crisis since the Tsar's abdication.

reached

crisis

abdication


Input: The Petrograd Soviet's "Order Number 1" tremendously weakened the power of officers, giving an over-riding mandate to "soldier committees".

weakened

giving


Input: The abolition of the death penalty was another contributing factor, as was the high presence of revolutionary agitators at the front including Bolshevik agitators, who promoted a defeatist agenda (and whom Kerensky tolerated considerably more than conservative agitators).

promoted

revolutionary

death

contributing


Input: Riots and mutineering at the front became common, officers were often the victims of soldier harassment and even murder.

became

victims

murder


Input: Furthermore, the policy of the new government towards the war effort was one of fulfilling obligations towards Russia's allies, as opposed to fighting for the sake of total victory, thus giving soldiers a less credible motivation to fight.

fulfilling

opposed

giving

fighting

fight


Input: However, Kerensky hoped that an important Russian victory would gain popular favour and restore the soldiers' morale, thus strengthening the weak provisional government and proving the effectiveness of "the most democratic army in the world", as he referred to it.

referred

strengthening

gain

restore


Input: Starting on July 1, 1917 the Russian troops attacked the Austro-Germans in Galicia, pushing toward Lviv.

attacked

Starting

pushing


Input: The operations involved the Russian 11th, 7th and 8th Armies and the Austro-German South Army (General von Bothmer) and the Austrian 7th and 3rd Armies.

involved


Input: After an initial success, the offensive was halted because the Russian soldiers soon mutinied and refused to fight.

refused

mutinied

fight

halted


Input: It collapsed altogether by July 16.

collapsed


Input: On the 18th the Austro-Germans counterattacked, meeting little resistance and advancing through Galicia and Ukraine until the Zbruch River.

advancing

counterattacked

meeting


Input: The Russian lines were broken on the 20th, and by the 23rd, the Russians had retreated about 240 kilometres (150 miles).

broken

retreated


Input: The Russian provisional government was greatly weakened by this military catastrophe, and the possibility of a Bolshevik coup d'état became increasingly real.

became

weakened


Input: Far from strengthening Russian army morale, this offensive proved that Russian army morale no longer existed.

strengthening

proved

existed


Input: No Russian general could now count on the soldiers under his command actually doing what they were ordered to do.

ordered

count on

command


Input: This offensive also helped the start of the July Days.

helped

start


Input: One last fight took place between the Germans and the Russians in this war.

fight

took place


Input: On September 1, 1917 the Germans attacked and captured Riga.

attacked

captured


Input: The Russian soldiers defending the town refused to fight and fled from the advancing German troops.

refused

defending

fled

fight


Input: The People Power Revolution (also known as the EDSA Revolution, the Philippine Revolution of 1986, EDSA 1986, EDSA I and EDSA People Power) was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly in Metro Manila from February 22–25, 1986.


Input: There was a sustained campaign of civil resistance against regime violence and alleged electoral fraud.


Input: The nonviolent revolution led to the departure of Ferdinand Marcos, the end of his 21-year presidential rule, and the restoration of democracy in the Philippines.

led to


Input: It is also referred to as the Yellow Revolution due to the presence of yellow ribbons during demonstrations following the assassination of Filipino senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. in August 1983.

referred


Input: It was widely seen as a victory of the people against two decades of presidential rule by President Marcos, and made news headlines as "the revolution that surprised the world".

seen


Input: The majority of the demonstrations took place on a long stretch of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, more commonly known by its acronym "EDSA", in Metro Manila from February 22–25, 1986.

took place


Input: They involved over two million Filipino civilians, as well as several political and military groups, and religious groups led by Cardinal Jaime Sin, the Archbishop of Manila, along with Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines President Cardinal Ricardo Vidal, the Archbishop of Cebu.

involved


Input: The protests, fueled by the resistance and opposition from years of governance by President Marcos and his cronies, culminated with the absolute ruler and his family fleeing Malacañang Palace to exile in Hawaii.

culminated


Input: Ninoy Aquino's widow, Corazon Aquino, was immediately installed as the eleventh President as a result of the revolution.

installed


Input: The Siachen conflict, sometimes referred to as the Siachen War, was a military conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed Siachen Glacier region in Kashmir.

referred

conflict

conflict

disputed


Input: A cease-fire went into effect in 2003.

went into effect


Input: The contended area is nearly of territory.


Input: The conflict was started in 1984 by India's successful capture of the Siachen Glacier as part of Operation "Meghdoot".

capture

started


Input: India took control of the Siachen Glacier and its tributary glaciers, as well as all the main passes and heights of the Saltoro Ridge immediately west of the glacier, including Sia La, Bilafond La, and Gyong La.

control


Input: Pakistan controls the glacial valleys immediately west of the Saltoro Ridge.

controls


Input: According to "TIME" magazine, India gained more than of territory because of its military operations in Siachen.

gained

operations


Input: The Jewish–Roman wars were a series of large-scale revolts by the Jews of the Eastern Mediterranean against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 CE.

revolts


Input: While the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE) and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE) were nationalist rebellions, striving to restore an independent Judean state, the Kitos War was more of an ethno-religious conflict, mostly fought outside the Judea Province.

revolt

rebellions

conflict

fought

restore

state


Input: Hence, some sources use the term Jewish-Roman Wars to refer only to the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE) and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135 CE), while others include the Kitos War (115–117 CE) as one of the Jewish–Roman wars.

refer

include

revolt

use


Input: The Jewish–Roman wars had a dramatic impact on the Jewish people, turning them from a major population in the Eastern Mediterranean into a scattered and persecuted minority.

turning

scattered

impact


Input: The Jewish–Roman wars are often cited as a disaster to Jewish society.

cited


Input: The events also had a major impact on Judaism, after the central worship site of Second Temple Judaism, the Second Temple in Jerusalem, was destroyed by Titus' troops.

destroyed

impact


Input: Although having a sort of autonomy in Galilee until the 4th century and later a limited success in establishing the short-lived Sasanian Jewish autonomy in Jerusalem in 614–617 CE, Jewish dominance in parts of the Southern Levant was regained only in the mid-20th century, with the founding of the modern state of Israel in 1948 CE.

establishing

founding

limited

regained


Input: Operation Vistula () was a codename for the 1947 forced resettlement of the Ukrainian minority as well as Boykos and Lemkos from the south-eastern provinces of post-war Poland, to the Recovered Territories in the west of the country.


Input: The action was carried out by the Soviet-installed Polish communist authorities with the aim of removing material support and assistance to the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.

carried out


Input: The Ukrainian Insurgent Army continued its guerilla activities until 1947 in both Subcarpathian and Lublin Voivodeships with no hope for any peaceful resolution.


Input: Operation Vistula effectively brought an end to the hostilities.

brought

end


Input: In a period of three months beginning on 28 April 1947 and with Soviet approval and aid, about 141,000 civilians residing around Bieszczady and Low Beskids were forcibly resettled to formerly German territories, ceded to Poland at the Yalta Conference at the end of World War II.

resettled

ceded


Input: The operation was named after the Vistula River, "Wisła" in Polish.

named


Input: Some Polish and Ukrainian politicians as well as historians condemned the operation following the 1989 fall of communism in Eastern Europe, and described it as ethnic cleansing.

condemned

described


Input: Others pointed out that no other means of stopping the violence existed at the time since partisans used to regroup outside the Polish borders.

regroup

pointed out


Input: During Operation Vistula the conditions of the United Nations Charter of 26 June 1945, on the right of self-determination and international laws, were respected.


Input: The deported farmers received financial help from the Polish government and took over homes and farms left behind by the Germans, in some cases experiencing an improvement in their living conditions as a result of the increased size of the newly acquired properties, their brick construction, and the provision of running water.

took over

received


Input: In the years 1956 to 1958 they received mostly non-repayable credits totalling 170 million PLN which was a considerable amount of money in the Polish national budget.

received


Input: At exactly the same time the Soviet Union carried out a parallel operation, dubbed "Operation West", in the Ukrainian SSR by the Soviet Union at exactly the same time.

carried out

dubbed


Input: Although both operations were coordinated from Moscow, there was a shocking difference between their outcomes.

coordinated


Input: Operation West was conducted in West Ukraine by the Soviet NKVD and targeted the families of suspected UPA members.

conducted

targeted


Input: Over 114,000 individuals, mostly women and children, were deported to the Kazakh SSR and Siberia and forced into extreme poverty.

forced

deported


Input: Of the 19,000 adult males deported by the NKVD deportees, most were sent to coal mines and stone quarries in the north.

deported

sent


Input: None of the people deported by the NKVD received any farms or empty homes to live in.

received


Input: The Second EDSA Revolution (EDSA II or EDSA Dos) was a three-day political protest from January 17–20, 2001 that peacefully overthrew the government of Joseph Estrada, the thirteenth President of the Philippines.


Input: Estrada resigned and was succeeded by his Vice-President, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who was sworn into office by then-Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. at around noon on January 20, 2001, several hours before Estrada fled Malacañang Palace.

succeeded

resigned


Input: EDSA is an acronym derived from Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, the major thoroughfare connecting five cities in Metro Manila, namely Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong, Quezon City, and Caloocan, with the revolution's epicentre at the EDSA Shrine church at the northern tip of Ortigas Center, a business district.


Input: Advocates described EDSA II as "popular" but critics view the uprising as a conspiracy among political and business elites, military top brass and Catholic Cardinal Jaime Sin.

view

described


Input: International reaction to the revolt was mixed, with some foreign nations including the United States immediately recognising the legitimacy of Arroyo's presidency, and foreign commentators describing it as "a defeat for due process of law", "mob rule", and a ""de facto" coup".


Input: The only means of legitimizing the event was the last-minute Supreme Court ruling that "the welfare of the people is the supreme law."


Input: But by then, the Armed Forces of the Philippines had already withdrawn support for the president, which some analysts called unconstitutional, and most foreign political analysts agreeing with this assessment.

withdrawn


Input: William Overholt, a Hong Kong-based political economist said that "It is either being called mob rule or mob rule as a cover for a well-planned coup, ... but either way, it's not democracy."

said


Input: It should also be noted that opinion was divided during EDSA II about whether Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as the incumbent Vice President should be President if Joseph Estrada was ousted; many groups who participated in EDSA II expressly stated that they did not want Arroyo for president either, and some of them would later participate in EDSA III.

divided

noted


Input: The prevailing Constitution of the Philippines calls for the Vice President of the Philippines, Arroyo at the time, to act as interim president only when the sitting President dies, resigns, or becomes incapacitated, none of which occurred during EDSA II.

calls


Input: On October 4, 2000, Ilocos Sur Governor Luis "Chavit" Singson, a longtime friend of President Joseph Estrada, went public with accusations that Estrada, his family and friends received millions of pesos from operations of the illegal numbers game, "jueteng".


Input: The exposé immediately ignited reactions of rage.

ignited


Input: The next day, Senate Minority Leader Teofisto Guingona, Jr. delivered a fiery privilege speech accusing Estrada of receiving P220 million in jueteng money from Governor Singson from November 1998 to August 2000, as well as taking P70 million on excise tax on cigarettes intended for Ilocos Sur.

delivered


Input: The privilege speech was referred by Senate President Franklin Drilon, to the Blue Ribbon Committee and the Committee on Justice for joint investigation.

referred


Input: Another committee in the House of Representatives decided to investigate the exposé, while other house members spearheaded a move to impeach the president.

decided


Input: More calls for resignation came from Manila Cardinal Archbishop Jaime Sin, the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines, former Presidents Corazon Aquino and Fidel Ramos, and Vice President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (who had resigned her cabinet position of Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development).


Input: Cardinal Sin stated in a statement "In the light of the scandals that besmirched the image of presidency, in the last two years, we stand by our conviction that he has lost the moral authority to govern."

stated


Input: More resignations came from Estrada's cabinet and economic advisers, and other members of congress defected from his ruling party.

defected


Input: On November 13, 2000, the House of Representatives led by Speaker Manuel Villar transmitted the Articles of Impeachment, signed by 115 representatives, to the Senate.

transmitted


Input: This caused shakeups in the leadership of both houses of congress.

caused


Input: The impeachment trial was formally opened on November 20, with twenty-one senators taking their oaths as judges, and Supreme Court Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. presiding.

opened


Input: The trial began on December 7.

began


Input: The day-to-day trial was covered on live television and received the highest viewing rating, mostly by the broadcasting giant ABS-CBN at the time.

covered

received


Input: Among the highlights of the trial was the testimony of Clarissa Ocampo, senior vice president of Equitable PCI Bank, who testified that she was one foot away from Estrada when he signed the name "Jose Velarde" documents involving a P500 million investment agreement with their bank in February 2000.


Input: Super Bowl XXXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2003 season.

decide

game

Conference

Conference


Input: The Patriots defeated the Panthers by a score of 32–29.

defeated


Input: The game was played at Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 1, 2004.

played

game


Input: At the time, this was the most watched Super Bowl ever with 144.4 million viewers.

watched


Input: The Panthers were making their first ever Super Bowl appearance after posting an 11–5 regular season record.

making

appearance

record

posting


Input: They also made it the second straight year that a team from the NFC South division made the Super Bowl, with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers winning Super Bowl XXXVII.

made it

made

winning


Input: The Patriots were seeking their second Super Bowl title in three years after posting a 14–2 record.

record

posting


Input: NFL fans and sports writers widely consider this game one of the most well-played and thrilling Super Bowls; "Sports Illustrated" writer Peter King hailed it as the "Greatest Super Bowl of all time."

game

consider


Input: Although neither team could score in the first and third quarters, they ended up with a combined total of 868 yards and 61 points.

combined

score

ended up


Input: The game was scoreless for a Super Bowl record 26:55 before the two teams combined for 24 points prior to halftime.

combined

record

game


Input: The clubs then combined for a Super Bowl record 37 points in the fourth quarter.

combined

record


Input: The contest was finally decided when the Patriots kicker Adam Vinatieri's 41-yard field goal was made with four seconds left.

contest

made

decided


Input: Patriots quarterback Tom Brady was named Super Bowl MVP for the second time in his career.

named


Input: The game is also known for its controversial halftime show in which Janet Jackson's breast, adorned with a nipple shield, was exposed by Justin Timberlake for about half a second, in what was later referred to as a "wardrobe malfunction".

referred

known

exposed

game


Input: Along with the rest of the halftime show, it led to an immediate crackdown by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and widespread debate on perceived indecency in broadcasting.

led to

debate

perceived


Input: The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from July 7, 1937, to September 2, 1945.

fought

conflict


Input: It began with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937 in which a dispute between Japanese and Chinese troops escalated into a battle.

began


Input: Some sources in the modern People's Republic of China date the beginning of the war to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931.

invasion

beginning


Input: It is known as the War of Resistance (; lit.

Resistance


Input: "Chinese War of Resistance Against Japan") in China.

Resistance


Input: China fought Japan with aid from the Soviet Union and the United States.

fought


Input: After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the war merged with other conflicts of World War II as a major sector known as the China Burma India Theater.

attack

merged


Input: Some scholars consider the start of the full-scale Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 to have been the beginning of World War II.

consider

start


Input: The Second Sino-Japanese War was the largest Asian war in the 20th century.


Input: It accounted for the majority of civilian and military casualties in the Pacific War, with between 10 and 25 million Chinese civilians and over 4 million Chinese and Japanese military personnel dying from war-related violence, famine, and other causes.


Input: The war was the result of a decades-long Japanese imperialist policy to expand its influence politically and militarily in order to secure access to raw material reserves, food, and labor.

expand


Input: The period after World War I brought about increasing stress on the Japanese polity.

brought about


Input: Leftists sought universal suffrage and greater rights for workers.


Input: Increasing textile production from Chinese mills was adversely affecting Japanese production.

affecting

production


Input: The Great Depression brought about a large slowdown in exports.

brought about