Input: The English and Scottish Parliaments refused to raise an army to put down the rebellion unless it was under their command rather than the King's.

refused

army

raise

command


Input: The Irish rebellion broke out in October 1641 and was followed by several months of violent chaos before the Irish Catholic upper classes and clergy formed the Catholic Confederation in the summer of 1642.

formed

broke out


Input: The Confederation became a de facto government of most of Ireland, free from the control of the English administration and loosely aligned with the Royalist side in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

became

aligned

control

free


Input: The subsequent Irish Confederate Wars continued in Ireland until the 1650s, when Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army decisively defeated the Irish Catholics and Royalists, and re-conquered the country.

defeated


Input: The 1641 Irish Rebellion is seen as a key event in the mid-17th century collapse of the Stuart monarchy.

collapse

seen


Input: On Saturday, 21 September 2013, four masked gunmen attacked the Westgate shopping mall, an upscale mall in Nairobi, Kenya.

attacked

gunmen

shopping


Input: There are conflicting reports about the number killed in the attack, since part of the mall collapsed due to a fire that started during the siege.

attack

siege

due

conflicting

killed

started


Input: The attack resulted in 71 total deaths, including 62 civilians, five Kenyan soldiers, and four attackers.

resulted in


Input: Approximately 200 people were wounded in the mass shooting.

wounded

shooting


Input: The extremist Islamic group al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the incident, which it characterised as retribution for the Kenyan military's deployment in the group's home country of Somalia.

deployment

claimed


Input: Many media outlets also suspected the insurgent group's involvement in the attack based on earlier reprisal warnings it had issued in the wake of Operation Linda Nchi from 2011 to 2012.

attack

issued

suspected

warnings


Input: Kenyan authorities arrested dozens of people in the aftermath of the attack, but had not announced any suspects directly related to the siege.

arrested

attack

announced


Input: On 4 November 2013, a Kenyan court charged four Somali nationals with harbouring the gunmen in their homes, with each pleading not guilty.

charged

pleading


Input: On 20 September 2015, "Foreign Policy" magazine reported the Westgate attack on 21 September lasted several hours, with the last victim killed before special Kenyan security forces entered the mall, which was also corroborated by New York City Police Department, HBO, and United States Army.

attack

victim

corroborated

reported


Input: The mall was officially declared secured on 24 September.

declared


Input: The 2012 Burgas bus bombing was a terrorist attack carried out by a suicide bomber on a passenger bus transporting Israeli tourists at the Burgas Airport in Burgas, Bulgaria, on 18 July 2012.

attack

carried out

transporting

suicide bomber

bombing


Input: The bus was carrying 42 Israelis, mainly youths, from the airport to their hotels, after arriving on a flight from Tel Aviv.

arriving

carrying


Input: The explosion killed the Bulgarian bus driver and five Israelis and injured 32 Israelis, resulting in international condemnation of the bombing.

explosion

injured

resulting in

killed

bombing


Input: In February 2013, Tsvetan Tsvetanov, the Bulgarian Interior Minister, said there was "well-grounded" evidence that Hezbollah was behind the attack.

attack

said


Input: Tsvetanov stated that the two suspects had Canadian and Australian passports and lived in Lebanon.

stated


Input: According to the Europol, forensic evidence and intelligence sources all point to Hezbollah's involvement in the blast.

blast

point to


Input: Both Iran and Hezbollah have denied any involvement.

denied


Input: On 5 June 2013, new Bulgarian Foreign Affairs Minister Kristian Vigenin stated that: "There is no conclusive evidence for the implication of Hezbollah in the July 2012 bombing in Burgas.

stated

bombing


Input: The authorities continue to gather evidence."


Input: However, two weeks later a Bulgarian representative to the European Union revealed that investigators discovered new evidence that implicates Hezbollah operatives were connected to the terrorist attacks.

attacks

connected

discovered

revealed


Input: Investigators found that the forged documents used by the perpetrators of the attack were facilitated by a man with ties to Hezbollah.

found

facilitated

attack

used


Input: In July 2013, the newly appointed Bulgarian Interior Minister Tsvetlin Yovchev stated: "there are clear signs that say Hezbollah is behind the Burgas bombing."

bombing

stated

say


Input: On 25 July 2013, the Bulgarian Interior Ministry released photographs of two Hezbollah operatives suspected in the bombing: Australian citizen Malid Farah (also known as "Hussein Hussein"), and Canadian citizen Hassan al-Haj.

suspected

bombing


Input: In 2013, and partly in response to the bombing, the EU unanimously voted to list the military branch of Hezbollah as a terrorist organization.

voted

response

bombing


Input: On 18 July 2014, Bulgaria announced that they identified the bomber as a dual Lebanese-French citizen named Mohamad Hassan El-Husseini.

identified

announced

named


Input: The Dunmanway killings, also known as the Dunmanway murders or the Dunmanway massacre, refers to the killing (and in some cases, disappearances) of thirteen Protestant men and boys in and around Dunmanway, County Cork, between 26–28 April 1922.

killing


Input: This happened in a period of truce after the end of the Irish War of Independence (in July 1921) and before the outbreak of the Irish Civil War in June 1922.

War

War

happened

truce

end

outbreak


Input: All the dead and missing were Protestants, which has led to the killings being described as sectarian.

led to

dead

killings

described


Input: Six were killed as purported British informers and loyalists, while four others were relatives killed in the absence of the target.

killed

killed


Input: Three other men were kidnapped and executed in Bandon as revenge for the killing of an IRA officer Michael O'Neill during an armed raid.

raid

kidnapped

executed

killing

revenge


Input: One man was shot and survived his injuries.

injuries

shot


Input: It is not clear who ordered the attacks or carried them out.

ordered

attacks

carried


Input: However, in 2014 the "Irish Times" released a confidential memo from the then-Director of Intelligence Colonel Michael Joe Costello (later managing director of the Irish Sugar Company) in September 1925 in relation to a pension claim by former Irish Republican Army (IRA) volunteer Daniel O'Neill of Enniskean, County Cork, stating: "O'Neill is stated to be a very unscrupulous individual and to have taken part in such operations as lotting [looting] of Post Offices, robbing of Postmen and the murder of several Protestants in West Cork in May 1922.

taken part

managing

murder

operations

released

looting

robbing

claim

stating

stated


Input: A brother of his was shot dead by two of the latter named, Woods and Hornbrooke [sic], who were subsequently murdered."

dead

murdered

shot


Input: Sinn Féin and IRA representatives, from both the pro-Treaty side, which controlled the Provisional Government in Dublin and the anti-Treaty side, which controlled the area the killings took place in, immediately condemned the killings.

controlled

controlled

condemned

killings

killings

took place


Input: The motivation of the killers remains unclear.

remains


Input: It is generally agreed that they were provoked by the fatal shooting of IRA man Michael O'Neill by a loyalist whose house was being raided on 26 April.

agreed

raided

provoked

shooting


Input: Some historians have claimed there were sectarian motives; others claim that those killed were targeted only because they were suspected of having been informers during the Anglo-Irish War, and argue that the dead were associated with the so-called "Murragh Loyalist Action Group", and that their names may have appeared in captured British military intelligence files which listed "helpful citizens" during the Anglo-Irish War (1919–1921),

targeted

associated

War

War

argue

claimed

claim

suspected

listed


Input: The Action of 18 September 1810 was a naval battle fought between British Royal Navy and French Navy frigates in the Indian Ocean during the Napoleonic Wars.

battle

fought

Wars


Input: The engagement was one of several between rival frigate squadrons contesting control of the French island base of Île de France, from which French frigates had raided British trade routes during the war.

raided

contesting

control

engagement

war


Input: The action came in the immediate aftermath of the Battle of Grand Port, in which four British frigates had been lost, and just four days after a fifth British frigate had been captured and subsequently recaptured in the Action of 13 September 1810.

came

aftermath

captured

recaptured

lost

Battle


Input: In consequence of the heavy losses the British force had suffered, reinforcements were hastily rushed to the area and became individual targets for the larger French squadron blockading the British base at Île Bourbon.

became

blockading

reinforcements

losses

suffered

rushed


Input: HMS "Ceylon" had been despatched by the British authorities at Madras after the Battle of Grand Port to reinforce the remains of the squadron under Commodore Josias Rowley on Île Bourbon.

reinforce

Battle

despatched


Input: Searching for Rowley off Île de France, "Ceylon" was spotted by French Commodore Jacques Hamelin who gave chase in his flagship "Vénus", supported by a corvette.

gave

spotted

chase

supported


Input: "Vénus" was faster than "Ceylon", and although Captain Charles Gordon almost reached the safety of Île Bourbon, he was run down and forced to engage the French ship during the night, both frigates inflicting severe damage on one another before the wounded Gordon surrendered to the approaching corvette.

reached

wounded

forced

inflicting

damage

engage

run

surrendered


Input: As dawn broke, Rowley's flagship HMS "Boadicea" arrived, recaptured "Ceylon", drove off the corvette and forced the battered French flagship to surrender, capturing Hamelin.

arrived

forced

recaptured

capturing

broke

drove

surrender


Input: This was the last ship-to-ship action in the region before the successful invasion of Île de France in December 1810: without Hamelin the French squadron, short on supplies and low on morale, did not contest British control of the region and failed to even attempt to disrupt the invasion fleet.

invasion

invasion

contest

control

failed

disrupt

attempt

supplies


Input: The Harrying of Buchan, also known as the Herschip (hardship) or Rape of Buchan, took place in 1308 during the Wars of Scottish Independence.

took place


Input: It saw vast areas of Buchan in northeast Scotland, then ruled by Clan Comyn, burned to the ground by Robert the Bruce and his brother Edward, immediately following their May 1308 success at the Battle of Barra.

ruled

burned


Input: After his defeat at Barra, John Comyn, Earl of Buchan fled to England.

defeat

fled


Input: Bruce's men chased him as far as Turriff, a distance of sixteen miles (25 km).

chased


Input: Before heading south to lay siege to Aberdeen Castle, the Bruces laid waste the Earldom of Buchan, including all the castles and strongholds, principally Rattray Castle and Dundarg Castle.

siege

heading


Input: Bruce's men proceeded to kill those loyal to the Comyns, destroying their homes, farms, crops and slaughtering their cattle.

destroying

kill

slaughtering

proceeded


Input: This was a ruthless exercise by fire and sword which even in an age of violence was regarded as unprecedentedly savage.

regarded


Input: Terrorising the locals, Bruce prevented any possible chance of future violent hostility towards him and his men.

Terrorising

prevented


Input: The Comyns had ruled Buchan for nearly a century, from 1214, when William Comyn inherited the title from his wife.

inherited

ruled


Input: Such was the destruction however, that the people of Buchan lost all loyalties to the Comyns and never again rose against Bruce's supporters.

rose

lost


Input: It took thirty years before John Comyn's successor to the Earldom, Henry Beaumont, made an appearance in the area.

took


Input: Between 1333–34, he repaired Dundarg Castle which Bruce had destroyed during the harrying, only for it to be laid siege to and destroyed by Sir Andrew Murray of Bothwell in December 1336.

siege

destroyed

destroyed

repaired


Input: Finding little support, he left after the siege to England where he died in 1340.

Finding

died

left


Input: His son John refused the Earldom, ending the Comyn lineage and the first creation, Mormaers of Buchan.

refused

ending


Input: The 2004 Iranian seizure of Royal Navy personnel took place in the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rud in Persian) waterway on 21 June.

seizure

took place


Input: Six Royal Marines and two Royal Navy sailors were captured.

captured


Input: The British servicemen were seized while training Iraqi river patrol personnel after Iran said they had strayed to the Iranian side of the waterway.

seized

training

strayed

said


Input: They were threatened with legal action initially but released three days later following diplomatic discussions between Jack Straw, then British Foreign Secretary, and Kamal Kharazi, then Iranian Minister of Foreign Affairs.

released

discussions

threatened


Input: The weapons and boats of the British personnel were confiscated and have not been returned.

returned

confiscated


Input: They were released unharmed three days later, on 24 June, after the British and Iranian governments agreed there had been a misunderstanding.

agreed

released


Input: Their equipment was not returned and a rigid inflatable boat (RIB) was put on display in a museum in Tehran.

returned

put on display


Input: During their detention, according to former detainee Marine Scott Fallon, they endured a mock execution in which they were marched into the desert and made to stand blindfolded in front of a ditch while their captors cocked their weapons.

detention

cocked

endured

stand

marched


Input: They also appeared blindfolded on Iranian TV, where they were forced to apologise for their "mistake".

apologise

appeared

forced


Input: The Royal Navy boats were operating close to the northern coast of the Persian Gulf in the mouth of the Shatt al-Arab waterway which divides southern Iran and Iraq.

operating


Input: The weather was bad causing negligible visibility which may have contributed to a potential crossing of the Iranian border by the Royal Navy.

causing

contributed

crossing


Input: After the crew were returned and events analysed the British government affirmed its belief that the personnel were actually still in Iraqi waters, however they consigned the incident to a misunderstanding and requested the return of the equipment.

analysed

returned

return

affirmed

requested


Input: In 2015, an FOIA request released a redacted report.

released

report

request


Input: April Sue-Lyn Jones (4 April 2007 – c. 1 October 2012) was a child murder victim in Wales, UK.

victim

murder


Input: April, from Machynlleth, Powys, Wales, who was aged five, disappeared on 1 October 2012, after being sighted willingly getting into a vehicle near her home.

sighted

getting


Input: Her disappearance generated a large amount of national and international press coverage.

generated


Input: A 46-year-old local man, Mark Bridger, was subsequently arrested.

arrested


Input: On 30 May 2013, Bridger was found guilty of April's abduction and murder, in addition to perverting the course of justice.

guilty

abduction

murder

found


Input: He was sentenced to life imprisonment, with the trial judge ordering that he never be released from prison.

ordering

sentenced

imprisonment

released


Input: Raúl Alfonsín was the president of Argentina from 1983 to 1989.


Input: He died on March 31, 2009, aged 82.

died


Input: He had lung cancer and died at his home; a massive candlelight vigil took place in the vicinity of it.

died

vigil


Input: Vice president Julio Cobos, the acting president at the time, arranged three days of national mourning and a state funeral at the Palace of the Argentine National Congress.

arranged

mourning

funeral


Input: Alfonsín was seen by 40,000 people and the senior politicians of the country; people from other countries also voiced their respect for him.

voiced

seen


Input: A military escort took his coffin to the La Recoleta Cemetery, and left him at the pantheon for the veterans of the Revolution of the Park.

took

Revolution

left


Input: Survivor Series (1999) was the 13th annual Survivor Series professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).

wrestling

produced


Input: It took place on November 14, 1999, at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan.

took place


Input: The main event was a Triple Threat match–a non-elimination match involving three wrestlers against each other; for the WWF Championship between Triple H, Big Show and The Rock.

involving

Threat


Input: Big Show won the title.


Input: He was a replacement for Stone Cold Steve Austin, who had been run down by a car earlier in the night (which was an angle for Austin to take time to recover from his injuries).

take

recover

run


Input: In reality Austin needed spinal surgery to repair damage suffered by a botched tombstone piledriver delivered by the late Owen Hart 27 months earlier at Summerslam 1997 The undercard included the New Age Outlaws defending WWF Tag Team Championship against Al Snow and Mankind, Chyna defending the Intercontinental Championship against Chris Jericho, three four-on-four Survivor Series elimination match (including a Handicap match involving Big Show) and event also featured the WWF in-ring debut of Olympic Gold Medalist Kurt Angle.

suffered

included

defending

defending

involving

debut

delivered


Input: The Annecy shootings, also the French Alps shootings or the Chevaline killings, were the deaths on 5 September 2012 of three members of a British family and a French citizen on the "Route Forestière Domaniale de la Combe d'Ire" near Chevaline, Haute-Savoie, near the southern end of Lake Annecy.

deaths

killings

shootings

shootings


Input: Four people were killed: an Iraqi-born British tourist named Saad al-Hilli, 50; his wife Iqbal, 47; her mother Suhaila al-Allaf, 74, who held a Swedish passport; and French cyclist Sylvain Mollier, 45.

held

killed

named


Input: The al-Hillis' two daughters both survived the attack.

attack

survived


Input: One, aged four, was hidden under the legs of her dead mother in the rear footwell for eight hours even while the gendarmerie were on the scene; she was only discovered by specialist forensic investigators.

dead

hidden

discovered


Input: The elder daughter, aged seven, was shot in the shoulder and also suffered a head wound; she returned to the United Kingdom on 14 September 2012.

returned

suffered

wound

shot


Input: Police investigated al-Hilli's past in Iraq as an engineer on sensitive topics, as well as his work at the time of his death, as a potential motive for the attack.

attack

investigated

death


Input: Al-Hilli's work in the UK involved nuclear and satellite technology, whilst Mollier was also probed to determine if he was the primary target of the attack.

attack

involved

probed


Input: The attack has been compared to the 1952 killing of biochemist Jack Drummond in the Dominici Affair.

attack

killing


Input: In September 2017, after 5 years of investigation, French police said they had "no working theory" to explain the murders and no suspects.

investigation

murders

explain

said


Input: Veronique Dizot, the lead prosecutor, suggested that the family "may have been targeted randomly."

targeted

suggested


Input: The First Peloponnesian War (460–445 BC) was fought between Sparta as the leaders of the Peloponnesian League and Sparta's other allies, most notably Thebes, and the Delian League led by Athens with support from Argos.

fought


Input: This war consisted of a series of conflicts and minor wars, such as the Second Sacred War.

consisted

war

wars


Input: There were several causes for the war including the building of the Athenian long walls, Megara's defection and the envy and concern felt by Sparta at the growth of the Athenian Empire.

war


Input: The First Peloponnesian War began in 460 BC with the Battle of Oenoe, where Spartan forces were defeated by those of Athenian-Argive alliance.

defeated

began


Input: At first the Athenians had the better of the fighting, winning the naval engagements using their superior fleet.

winning

using


Input: They also had the better of the fighting on land, until 457 BC when the Spartans and their allies defeated the Athenian army at Tanagra.

defeated


Input: The Athenians, however, counterattacked and scored a crushing victory over the Boeotians at the Battle of Oenophyta and followed this victory up by conquering all of Boeotia except for Thebes.

counterattacked

conquering

scored


Input: Athens further consolidated their position by making Aegina a member of the Delian League and by ravaging the Peloponnese.

making

consolidated

ravaging


Input: The Athenians were defeated in 454 BC by the Persians in Egypt which caused them to enter into a five years' truce with Sparta.

enter

caused

defeated


Input: However, the war flared up again in 448 BC with the start of the Second Sacred War.

flared


Input: In 446 BC, Boeotia revolted and defeated the Athenians at Coronea and regained their independence.

revolted

defeated

regained


Input: The First Peloponnesian War ended in an arrangement between Sparta and Athens, which was ratified by the Thirty Years' Peace (winter of 446–445 BC).

ended

ratified


Input: According to the provisions of this peace treaty, both sides maintained the main parts of their empires.

maintained


Input: Athens continued its domination of the sea while Sparta dominated the land.

domination

dominated

continued


Input: Megara returned to the Peloponnesian League and Aegina became a tribute-paying but autonomous member of the Delian League.

returned

became


Input: The war between the two leagues restarted in 431 BC, leading to the Second Peloponnesian War.

leading to

war

restarted


Input: It ended with a conclusive Spartan victory, where, in 404 BC, Athens was occupied by Sparta.

occupied

ended


Input: The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social revolution across the territory of the Russian Empire which started with the abolishment of monarchy and concluded with the establishment of the Soviet Union by the bolsheviks and the end of the civil war.

Revolution

revolution

concluded

end

started


Input: It began with the February Revolution which was focused around Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg), the capital of Russia at that time.

focused

began


Input: It took place in the context of heavy military setbacks during the First World War, which left much of the Russian Army in a state of mutiny.

left

War

took place

state


Input: In the chaos, members of the Duma, Russia's parliament, assumed control of the country, forming the Russian Provisional Government which was heavily dominated by the interests of large capitalists and the noble aristocracy.

forming

control

dominated


Input: The army leadership felt they did not have the means to suppress the revolution, resulting in the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II.

resulting in

revolution

abdication

felt

suppress


Input: Grassroots community assemblies called 'Soviets', which were dominated by soldiers and the urban industrial working class, initially permitted the Provisional Government to rule, but insisted on a prerogative to influence the government and control various militias.

assemblies

dominated

control

working

called

permitted

insisted


Input: A period of dual power ensued, during which the Provisional Government held state power while the national network of Soviets, led by socialists, had the allegiance of the lower classes and, increasingly, the left-leaning urban middle class.

ensued

led

held

state


Input: During this chaotic period there were frequent mutinies, protests and strikes.

strikes

mutinies

protests


Input: Many socialist political organizations were engaged in daily struggle and vied for influence within the Duma and the Soviets, central among which were the Bolsheviks ("Ones of the Majority") led by Vladimir Lenin who campaigned for an immediate end to the war, land to the peasants, and bread to the workers.

vied

war

campaigned

engaged

end


Input: When the Provisional Government chose to continue fighting the war with Germany, the Bolsheviks and other socialist factions were able to exploit virtually universal disdain towards the war effort as justification to advance the revolution further.

revolution

chose

fighting


Input: The Bolsheviks turned workers' militias under their control into the Red Guards (later the Red Army) over which they exerted substantial control.

turned

control

control


Input: The situation climaxed with the October Revolution, a Bolshevik-led armed insurrection by workers and soldiers in Petrograd that successfully overthrew the Provisional Government, transferring all its authority to the Soviets with the capital being relocated to Moscow shortly thereafter.

overthrew

transferring

relocated


Input: The Bolsheviks had secured a strong base of support within the Soviets and, as the now supreme governing party, established a federal government dedicated to reorganizing the former empire into the world's first socialist state, practicing Soviet democracy on a national and international scale.

governing

established

practicing

reorganizing

party

state

support


Input: The promise to end Russia's participation in the First World War was honored promptly with the Bolshevik leaders signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany in March 1918.

promise

Treaty

March

signing


Input: To further secure the new state, the Cheka was established which functioned as a revolutionary security service that sought to weed out and punish those considered to be "enemies of the people" in campaigns consciously modeled on similar events during the French Revolution.

functioned

revolutionary

Revolution

established

punish

state

service


Input: Soon after, civil war erupted among the "Reds" (Bolsheviks), the "Whites" (counter-revolutionaries), the independence movements and other socialist factions opposed to the Bolsheviks.

opposed

war

erupted


Input: It continued for several years, during which the Bolsheviks defeated both the Whites and all rival socialists and thereafter reconstituted themselves as the Communist Party.

defeated

reconstituted

Party


Input: Soviet power was established in the newly independent republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia and Ukraine which led to their unification into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1922.

led to

established


Input: While many notable historical events occurred in Moscow and Petrograd, there was also a visible movement in cities throughout the state, among national minorities throughout the empire and in the rural areas, where peasants took over and redistributed land.

occurred

took over

state


Input: The Irish Civil War (; 28 June 1922 – 24 May 1923) was a conflict that followed the Irish War of Independence and accompanied the establishment of the Irish Free State, an entity independent from the United Kingdom but within the British Empire.

establishment

War

conflict

War

followed


Input: The civil war was waged between two opposing groups, the pro-treaty Provisional Government and the anti-treaty IRA, over the Anglo-Irish Treaty.

opposing

war

Treaty


Input: The forces of the Provisional Government (which became the Free State in December 1922) supported the Treaty, while the Republican opposition saw it as a betrayal of the Irish Republic (which had been proclaimed during the Easter Rising).

became

Rising

betrayal

State

proclaimed

supported


Input: Many of those who fought on both sides in the conflict had been members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) during the War of Independence.

fought

conflict

War


Input: The Civil War was won by the Free State forces, who benefitted from substantial quantities of weapons provided by the British Government.

War

benefitted

forces

provided


Input: The conflict may have claimed more lives than the War of Independence that preceded it, and left Irish society divided and embittered for generations.

left

conflict

War

preceded

claimed


Input: Today, two of the main political parties in the Republic of Ireland, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, are direct descendants of the opposing sides of the war.

opposing

war


Input: Operation Deny Flight was a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) operation that began on 12 April 1993 as the enforcement of a United Nations (UN) no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina.

began

Treaty


Input: The United Nations and NATO later expanded the mission of the operation to include providing close air support for UN troops in Bosnia and carrying out coercive air strikes against targets in Bosnia.

carrying out

expanded

providing


Input: Twelve NATO members contributed forces to the operation and, by its end on 20 December 1995, NATO pilots had flown 100,420 sorties.

contributed

end

flown


Input: The operation played an important role in shaping both the Bosnian War and NATO.

played


Input: The operation included the first combat engagement in NATO's history, a 28 February 1994 air battle over Banja Luka, and in April 1994, NATO aircraft first bombed ground targets in an operation near Goražde.

bombed

combat


Input: These engagements helped show that NATO had adapted to the post-Cold War era and could operate in environments other than a major force on force engagement on the plains of Central Europe.

helped

operate

adapted


Input: Cooperation between the UN and NATO during the operation also helped pave the way for future joint operations.

helped


Input: Although it helped establish UN-NATO relations, Deny Flight led to conflict between the two organizations.

helped

led to

establish

conflict


Input: Most notably, significant tension arose between the two after UN peacekeepers were taken as hostages in response to NATO bombing.

bombing

arose

taken

response


Input: The operations of Deny Flight spanned more than two years of the Bosnian War and played an important role in the course of that conflict.

conflict

played

spanned


Input: The no-fly zone operations of Deny Flight proved successful in preventing significant use of air power by any side in the conflict.

use


Input: Additionally, the air strikes flown during Deny Flight led to Operation Deliberate Force, a massive NATO bombing campaign in Bosnia that played a key role in ending the war.

strikes

bombing

led to

Operation

played

ending

flown


Input: The Abkhaz–Georgian conflict involves ethnic conflict between Georgians and the Abkhaz people in Abkhazia, a "de facto" independent, partially recognized republic.

involves

independent

conflict

conflict

recognized


Input: In a broader sense, one can view the Georgian–Abkhaz conflict as part of a geopolitical conflict in the Caucasus region, intensified at the end of the 20th century with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

intensified

dissolution

conflict

conflict

view

end


Input: The conflict, one of the bloodiest in the post-Soviet area, remains unresolved.

unresolved

conflict


Input: The Georgian government has offered substantial autonomy to Abkhazia several times.

offered


Input: However, both the Abkhaz government and the opposition in Abkhazia refuse any form of union with Georgia.

refuse

form


Input: Abkhaz regard their independence as the result of a war of liberation from Georgia, while Georgians believe that historically Abkhazia has always formed part of Georgia.

result

liberation

formed

independence

regard

war

believe


Input: Georgians formed the single largest ethnic group in pre-war Abkhazia, with a 45.7% plurality as of 1989 but most Georgians left in Abkhazia want to remain independent of Georgia.

formed

independent

left

remain


Input: Many accuse the government of Eduard Shevardnadze (in office 1992-2003) of the initiation of senseless hostilities, and then of ineffective conduct of the war and post-war diplomacy.

conduct

diplomacy

hostilities

war


Input: During the war the Abkhaz separatist side carried out an ethnic cleansing campaign which resulted in the expulsion of up to 250,000 ethnic Georgians and in the killing of from 4,000 to 15,000.

carried out

resulted in

killing

war

campaign

expulsion


Input: The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) conventions of Lisbon, Budapest and Istanbul have officially recognized the ethnic cleansing of Georgians, which UN General Assembly Resolution GA/10708 also mentions.

Resolution

recognized

cleansing

Assembly

mentions


Input: The UN Security Council has passed a series of resolutions in which it appeals for a cease-fire.

resolutions

passed

cease-fire

appeals


Input: The Crimean War (; or ; ; ) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and Sardinia.

lost

conflict

fought


Input: The immediate cause involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was a part of the Ottoman Empire.

involved


Input: The French promoted the rights of Roman Catholics, while Russia promoted those of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

promoted

promoted


Input: The longer-term causes involved the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the unwillingness of Britain and France to allow Russia to gain territory and power at Ottoman expense.

causes

decline

involved

expense

gain

allow


Input: It has widely been noted that the causes, in one case involving an argument over a key, have never revealed a "greater confusion of purpose", yet they led to a war noted for its "notoriously incompetent international butchery".

causes

involving

noted

noted

revealed


Input: While the churches worked out their differences and came to an agreement, Nicholas I of Russia and the French Emperor Napoleon III refused to back down.

refused

worked out

came to


Input: Nicholas issued an ultimatum that the Orthodox subjects of the Ottoman Empire be placed under his protection.

placed

issued


Input: Britain attempted to mediate and arranged a compromise that Nicholas agreed to.

agreed

arranged

attempted

mediate


Input: When the Ottomans demanded changes, Nicholas refused and prepared for war.

refused

changes

prepared

demanded


Input: Having obtained promises of support from France and Britain, the Ottomans declared war on Russia in October 1853.

declared

obtained

support


Input: The war started in the Balkans in July 1853, when Russian troops occupied the Danubian Principalities (now part of Romania), which were under Ottoman suzerainty, then began to cross the Danube.

occupied

started

began


Input: Led by Omar Pasha, the Ottomans fought a strong defensive campaign and stopped the advance at Silistra.

Led

defensive

fought

stopped


Input: A separate action on the fort town of Kars in eastern Anatolia led to a siege, and a Turkish attempt to reinforce the garrison was destroyed by a Russian fleet at Sinop.

reinforce

destroyed

attempt


Input: Fearing an Ottoman collapse, France and Britain rushed forces to Gallipoli.

forces

rushed


Input: They then moved north to Varna in June 1854, arriving just in time for the Russians to abandon Silistra.

arriving

abandon

moved


Input: Aside from a minor skirmish at Köstence (today Constanța), there was little for the allies to do.


Input: Karl Marx quipped, "there they are, the French doing nothing and the British helping them as fast as possible".

helping

quipped


Input: Frustrated by the wasted effort, and with demands for action from their citizens, the allied force decided to attack Russia's main naval base in the Black Sea at Sevastopol on the Crimean peninsula.

attack

decided

Frustrated


Input: After extended preparations, the forces landed on the peninsula in September 1854 and marched their way to a point south of Sevastopol after the successful Battle of the Alma.

forces

extended

landed

marched


Input: The Russians counterattacked on 25 October in what became the Battle of Balaclava and were repulsed, but at the cost of seriously depleting the British Army forces.

counterattacked

became

forces

cost

repulsed

depleting

Battle


Input: A second counterattack, at Inkerman, ended in stalemate.

counterattack

ended


Input: The front settled into a siege and led to brutal conditions for troops on both sides.

settled


Input: Smaller military actions took place in the Baltic, the Caucasus, the White Sea, and the North Pacific.

took place


Input: Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and neutral countries began to join the Allied cause.

join

fell

began


Input: Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856.

invasion

facing

Isolated

sued


Input: France and Britain welcomed this development, as the conflict was growing unpopular at home.

growing

conflict

welcomed


Input: The Treaty of Paris, signed on 30 March 1856, ended the war.

ended

Treaty

signed on


Input: It forbade Russia from basing warships in the Black Sea.

forbade


Input: The Ottoman vassal states of Wallachia and Moldavia became largely independent.

became


Input: Christians there were granted a degree of official equality, and the Orthodox Church regained control of the Christian churches in dispute.

control

granted

regained


Input: The Crimean War was one of the first conflicts in which the military used modern technologies such as explosive naval shells, railways, and telegraphs.

conflicts

used


Input: The war was one of the first to be documented extensively in written reports and photographs.

documented

photographs

reports


Input: As the legend of the "Charge of the Light Brigade" demonstrates, the war quickly became an iconic symbol of logistical, medical and tactical failures and mismanagement.

became


Input: The reaction in Britain was a demand for professionalisation, most famously achieved by Florence Nightingale, who gained worldwide attention for pioneering modern nursing while treating the wounded.

achieved

wounded

treating

gained

demand


Input: The Crimean War proved to be the moment of truth for Nikolaevan Russia.

proved


Input: The humiliation forced Russia's educated elites to identify the Empire's problems and to recognize the need for fundamental transformations aimed at modernizing and restoring Russia's position in the ranks of European powers.

aimed

identify

educated

recognize

forced

restoring


Input: Historians have studied the role of the Crimean War as a catalyst for the reforms of Russia's social institutions: serfdom, justice, local self-government, education, and military service.

studied

reforms

social

service


Input: More recently, scholars have also turned their attention to the impact of the Crimean War on the development of Russian nationalistic discourse.

turned

impact


Input: Tropical Cyclone Alan was considered to be one of the worst natural disasters experienced in French Polynesia.

disasters

experienced


Input: The system, first noted as a tropical disturbance on April 17, 1998 east of the Northern Cook Islands, initially moved erratically prior to its designation as Alan upon developing into a tropical cyclone on April 21.

developing

noted

moved


Input: The following day, Alan reached its estimated peak intensity with 10-minute maximum sustained wind speeds of , posing several forecasting challenges due to difficulties in establishing its location and intensity.

reached

establishing

posing


Input: On April 23, Alan appeared to become sheared with the low-level circulation center displaced about from the nearest atmospheric convection.

become

sheared

appeared


Input: However, over the next day, after the mid-level trough of low pressure shearing the system moved faster than expected, Alan became better organized.

organized

became

shearing

moved


Input: While situated about west-northwest of the French Polynesian island of Tahiti, the system drifted south-southeastward.

drifted

situated


Input: Early on April 25, Alan passed near to or over the French Polynesian Society Islands of Maupiti, Bora-Bora, and Raiatea.

passed


Input: However, strong wind shear pulled the system apart, with visible imagery confirming the system's degeneration into a depression with a fully exposed low-level circulation.

pulled


Input: The system affected French Polynesia with high winds and torrential rain, causing several landslides on the Society Islands.

causing

affected

rain


Input: The landslides resulted in the collapse of two bridges, and also overturned trees, in turn obstructing roads.

collapse

resulted in

obstructing


Input: Overall, ten people died as a result of the system, while thirty others were injured, with a majority of the casualties a result of landslides.

injured

casualties

died


Input: On the islands of Raiatea, Taha'a and Huahine, several churches, schools and clinics were damaged, while water and electricity supplies were cut off.

damaged

cut off

supplies


Input: On the islands, around 750 houses were destroyed, with 430 and 150 wrecked on Huahine and Ra'iātea, respectively.

destroyed

wrecked


Input: Osama bin Laden, the founder and first leader of the Islamist terrorist group, Al-Qaeda, was killed in Pakistan on May 2, 2011, shortly after 1:00 am PKT (20:00 UTC, May 1) by United States Navy SEALs of the U.S.

killed

terrorist


Input: Naval Special Warfare Development Group (also known as DEVGRU or SEAL Team Six).


Input: The operation, code-named Operation Neptune Spear, was carried out in a CIA-led operation with Joint Special Operations Command, commonly known as JSOC, coordinating the Special Mission Units involved in the raid.

carried out

raid

involved

Joint

coordinating

Command

operation

Operation

operation

code-named


Input: In addition to SEAL Team Six, participating units under JSOC included the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne)—also known as "Night Stalkers"—and operators from the CIA's Special Activities Division, which recruits heavily from former JSOC Special Mission Units.

recruits

included

participating


Input: The operation ended a nearly 10-year search for bin Laden, following his role in the September 11 attacks on the United States.

attacks

operation

ended

search


Input: The raid on bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan was launched from Afghanistan.

raid

compound

launched


Input: U.S. military officials said that after the raid U.S. forces took the body of bin Laden to Afghanistan for identification, then buried it at sea within 24 hours of his death in accordance with Islamic tradition.

took

raid

identification

death

buried

said


Input: Al-Qaeda confirmed the death on May 6 with posts made on militant websites, vowing to avenge the killing.

confirmed

vowing

death

killing

avenge


Input: Other Pakistani militant groups, including the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, vowed retaliation against the U.S. and against Pakistan for not preventing the operation.

vowed

operation

preventing

retaliation


Input: The raid was supported by over 90% of the American public, was welcomed by the United Nations, NATO, the European Union and a large number of governments, but was condemned by others, including two-thirds of the Pakistani public.

raid

condemned

supported


Input: Legal and ethical aspects of the killing, such as his not being taken alive despite being unarmed, were questioned by others, including Amnesty International.

unarmed

questioned

taken

killing


Input: Also controversial was the decision not to release any photographic or DNA evidence of bin Laden's death to the public.

death

decision

release


Input: In the aftermath of the killing, Pakistani Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani formed a commission under Senior Justice Javed Iqbal to investigate the circumstances surrounding the attack.

attack

aftermath

formed

investigate

killing

surrounding


Input: The resulting Abbottabad Commission Report, which revealed Pakistani state military and intelligence authorities' "collective failure" that enabled bin Laden to hide in Pakistan for nine years, was leaked to Al Jazeera on July 8, 2013.

hide

enabled

Report

revealed

leaked


Input: The Action of 31 July 1793 was an inconclusive engagement between a British Royal Navy frigate and French frigate off the New Jersey coastline in the first year of the French Revolutionary Wars.

engagement

Wars


Input: The British captain, George Courtenay of HMS "Boston", had arrived off New York City on 28 May and deliberately disguised his ship as a French vessel, fooling a French officer into coming aboard and making him a prisoner of war.

making

arrived

coming

prisoner

disguised


Input: Courtenay then sent a message into New York, where he knew a French frigate lay at anchor, challenging the French captain to battle within the next three days.

challenging

battle

knew

lay

sent


Input: The challenge was accepted and widely disseminated throughout the city, so that when Captain Jean-Baptiste-François Bompart of "Embuscade" sailed out to meet Courtenay on the morning of 31 July, the shore was crowded with thousands of sightseers.

meet

challenge

disseminated

crowded

accepted

sailed


Input: The engagement between the ships was fiercely contested, but the smaller and more lightly armed "Boston" seemed to be taking the more serious damage when at 6:20 Captain Courtenay was thrown to the deck.

seemed

contested

damage

taking

engagement

thrown


Input: What happened next has been subject to debate, with the second-in-command, Lieutenant John Edwards claiming that Courtenay had been killed and he was thrown overboard as was the custom at the time.

debate

killed

claiming


Input: However rumours subsequently circulated that Courtenay had only been knocked unconscious when Edwards gave the order to jettison him, a story that his family credited and was later taken up by the contemporary historian Edward Pelham Brenton, although historian William James subsequently defended Edwards' actions.

knocked

rumours

defended

circulated

taken up

jettison

gave

credited


Input: With Courtenay gone, "Boston" continued to suffer severe damage until just after 07:00, when the remaining officers ordered all surviving sails set and the British ship attempted to escape.

suffer

damage

gone

escape

continued

ordered


Input: Although Bompart pursued, by 08:00 the strain had proved too much for his ship and he fell back.

proved

fell


Input: After a close encounter with French ships in the Delaware River, "Boston" eventually escaped to St John's, Newfoundland while "Embuscade" refitted in New York.

escaped

encounter


Input: The King David Hotel bombing was a terrorist attack carried out on Monday, July 22, 1946, by the militant right-wing Zionist underground organization the Irgun on the British administrative headquarters for Palestine, which was housed in the southern wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem during the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine.

carried out

bombing

terrorist

attack


Input: 91 people of various nationalities were killed, and 46 were injured.

injured

killed


Input: The hotel was the site of the central offices of the British Mandatory authorities of Palestine, principally the Secretariat of the Government of Palestine and the Headquarters of the British Armed Forces in Palestine and Transjordan.


Input: When planned, the attack had the approval of the Haganah, the principal Jewish paramilitary group in Palestine, though, unbeknownst to the Irgun, this had been cancelled by the time the operation was carried out.

planned

carried out

cancelled

operation

approval

attack


Input: It was conceived as part of a response to Operation Agatha (a series of widespread raids, including one on the Jewish Agency, conducted by the British authorities) and was the deadliest directed at the British during the Mandate era (1920–1948).

conducted

directed

raids

conceived

response


Input: Disguised as Arab workmen and as hotel waiters, members of the Irgun planted a bomb in the basement of the main building of the hotel, whose southern wing housed the Mandate Secretariat and a few offices of the British military headquarters.

planted

Disguised


Input: The resulting explosion caused the collapse of the western half of the southern wing of the hotel.

explosion

collapse

caused


Input: Some of the inflicted deaths and injuries occurred in the road outside the hotel and in adjacent buildings.

injuries

occurred

deaths


Input: The Irgun sent warnings by telephone, including one to the hotel's own switchboard, which, possibly because hoax bomb warnings were rife at the time, the staff decided to ignore, but none directly to the British authorities.

decided

sent

warnings

warnings


Input: From the fact that a bomb search had already been carried out, it appears that a hoax call or tip-off had been received at the hotel earlier that day.

carried out

received

search


Input: Subsequent telephone calls from a concerned "Palestine Post" staff member and the police caused increasing alarm, and the hotel manager was notified.

caused

calls

notified


Input: In the closing minutes before the explosion, he called an unknown British officer, but no evacuation was ordered.

ordered

explosion

called

evacuation


Input: Controversy has arisen over the timing and adequacy of the warnings, and the reasons why, given that warnings were made, the hotel was not evacuated.

arisen

made

given

evacuated

warnings

warnings


Input: Typhoon Ma-on, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Ineng, was a large and powerful typhoon that affected southern Japan in July 2011.

affected

known


Input: It was the sixth named storm and second typhoon of the 2011 Pacific typhoon season.


Input: Originating from an area of low pressure near Wake Island on July 9, the precursor to Ma-on gradually developed as it moved westward.

developed

moved


Input: By July 11, it had become sufficiently organized to be declared a tropical depression, although the cyclone's circulation remained broad.

become

organized

declared

remained


Input: Over the following days, Ma-on gradually intensified and attained typhoon status on July 14.

attained

intensified


Input: Favorable environmental conditions allowed for additional strengthening, and the storm ultimately attained peak ten-minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph) on July 16.

attained

storm

strengthening

allowed


Input: After turning northward in response to a weakening subtropical ridge, the typhoon underwent a series of eyewall replacement cycles that caused it to weaken.

caused

weakening

weaken

turning

response


Input: On July 19, Ma-on struck Shikoku before turning southeastward and moving back over water.

struck

turning

moving back


Input: Slow weakening continued as Ma-on succumbed to the effects of high wind shear.

weakening

succumbed


Input: The system ultimately became extratropical on July 24, and was last noted by the Japan Meteorological Agency a week later near the Kamchatka Peninsula.

became


Input: Initially, Ma-on posed a slight threat to the Mariana Islands and prompted the issuance of tropical storm warnings.

posed

prompted

issuance

warnings


Input: However, the system remained far away from the area and only produced scattered rainfall.

remained


Input: In Japan, hundreds of people evacuated from mudslide-prone areas.

evacuated


Input: Torrential rains produced by the storm, estimated at more than 1,200 mm (48 in), led to widespread and damaging floods.

storm

led to


Input: Five people perished as a result of Ma-on, and damage reached ¥3.9 billion (2011 JPY, $50 million 2011 USD).

damage

perished


Input: The Reading and Leeds Festivals are a pair of annual music festivals that take place in Reading and Leeds in England.


Input: The events take place simultaneously on the Friday, Saturday and Sunday of the August bank holiday weekend, sharing the same bill.

take place


Input: The Reading Festival is held at Little John's Farm on Richfield Avenue in central Reading, near the Caversham Bridge The Leeds event is held in Bramham Park, near Wetherby, the grounds of a historic house Campsites are available at both sites and weekend tickets include camping.

held


Input: Day tickets are also sold.

sold


Input: The Reading Festival, the older of the two festivals, is the world's oldest popular music festival still in existence.


Input: Many of the UK's most successful rock and pop bands have played at the festival, including The Rolling Stones, Fleetwood Mac, The Kinks, Pink Floyd, Deep Purple, The Who, Cream, Black Sabbath, Judas Priest, Genesis, Iron Maiden, The Jam, The Police, Status Quo, The Pogues, Blur, Pulp, Muse, The Cure, Radiohead, The Libertines, Arctic Monkeys, Biffy Clyro and Oasis.

played


Input: The festival has also hosted prominent international acts such as Alice Cooper, Twisted Sister, Iggy Pop, AC/DC, Metallica, Mika, Slipknot, Guns n' Roses, Eminem, Nirvana, Hole, Foo Fighters, blink-182, The Strokes, Green Day, Faith No More, My Chemical Romance and Red Hot Chili Peppers.


Input: The festival has had various musical phases over the years, but since the current two-site format was adopted in 1999, rock, alternative, indie, punk and metal have been the main genres featured in the line-up.

adopted


Input: The festivals are run by Festival Republic, which was divested from Mean Fiddler Music Group.

run


Input: From 1998–2007 the festivals were known as the "Carling Weekend: Reading" and the "Carling Weekend: Leeds" for promotional purposes.


Input: In November 2007 the sponsored title was abolished after nine years and the Reading Festival reclaimed its original name.

reclaimed

abolished


Input: In 2011, the capacity of the Reading site was 87,000, and the Leeds site was 75,000, an increase of several thousand on previous years.


Input: The Toulouse and Montauban shootings were a series of Islamist terrorist attacks committed by Mohammed Merah from 11–19 March 2012 in the cities of Montauban and Toulouse in the Midi-Pyrénées region of France.

attacks


Input: He targeted French Army soldiers as well as children and teachers at a Jewish school.

targeted


Input: Seven people were killed and five wounded.

wounded

killed


Input: On 11 March, Merah shot dead an off-duty French Army paratrooper in Toulouse.

shot


Input: On 15 March, he killed two off-duty uniformed French soldiers and seriously wounded another in Montauban.

wounded

killed


Input: On 19 March, he opened fire at the Ozar Hatorah Jewish day school in Toulouse, killing a rabbi and three children, also wounding four others.

killing

opened


Input: Merah filmed his attacks with a body-worn camera.


Input: Thereafter, France raised its "Vigipirate," the terror alert system, to the highest level in the Midi-Pyrénées region and surrounding departements.

raised


Input: The United Nations, many governments around the world and the French Council of the Muslim Faith condemned the attacks.

condemned


Input: The gunman, Mohammed Merah, was a 23-year-old French petty criminal of Algerian descent who was born and raised in Toulouse.

criminal


Input: He claimed allegiance to Al-Qaeda and said he carried out his attacks because of France's participation in the War in Afghanistan and its ban on Islamic face veils, and justified his attack on the Jewish school because "The Jews kill our brothers and sisters in Palestine".

carried out

justified

kill

claimed

said


Input: He was killed on 22 March by a police tactical unit after a 30-hour siege at his rented apartment there, during which he wounded six agents.

wounded

killed

rented


Input: His brother and another man were later convicted of taking part in a "terrorist conspiracy" over the attacks.

convicted


Input: The Spanish Armada () was a Habsburg Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from Corunna in late May 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England.

command

escorting

sailed


Input: Medina Sidonia was an aristocrat without naval command experience but was made commander by King Philip II.

made


Input: The aim was to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I and her establishment of Protestantism in England, to stop English interference in the Spanish Netherlands and to stop the harm caused by English and Dutch privateering ships that interfered with Spanish interests in the Americas.

aim

caused

interfered

stop


Input: English ships sailed from Plymouth to attack the Armada and were faster and more manoeuvrable than the larger Spanish Galleons, enabling them to fire on the Armada without loss as it sailed east off the south coast of England.

attack

enabling

sailed

sailed


Input: The Armada could have anchored in The Solent between the Isle of Wight and the English mainland and occupied the Isle of Wight, but Medina Sidonia was under orders from King Philip II to meet up with the Duke of Parma's forces in the Netherlands so England could be invaded by Parma's soldiers and other soldiers carried in ships of the Armada.

invaded

carried

meet

anchored

occupied


Input: English guns damaged the Armada and a Spanish ship was captured by Sir Francis Drake in the English Channel.

captured

damaged


Input: The Armada anchored off Calais.

anchored


Input: While awaiting communications from Duke of Parma, the Armada was scattered by an English fireship night attack and abandoned its rendezvous with Parma's army, that was blockaded in harbour by Dutch flyboats.

attack

blockaded

scattered

abandoned


Input: In the ensuing Battle of Gravelines, the Spanish fleet was further damaged and was in risk of running aground on the Dutch coast when the wind changed.

changed

damaged

running


Input: The Armada, driven by southwest winds, withdrew north, with the English fleet harrying it up the east coast of England.

withdrew

driven


Input: On return to Spain round the north of Scotland and south around Ireland, the Armada was disrupted further by storms.

storms

disrupted


Input: A large number of ships were wrecked on the coasts of Scotland and Ireland and more than a third of the initial 130 ships failed to return.

wrecked

return


Input: As Martin and Parker explain, "Philip II attempted to invade England, but his plans miscarried.

miscarried

explain


Input: This was due to his own mismanagement, including appointing an aristocrat without naval experience as commander of the Armada, unfortunate weather, and the opposition of the English and their Dutch allies including the use of fire-ships sailed into the anchored Armada."

use


Input: The expedition was the largest engagement of the undeclared Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604).

expedition


Input: The following year, England organised a similar large-scale campaign against Spain, the English Armada, sometimes called the "counter-Armada of 1589".

organised

called


Input: The Defense of Van (also known as the Siege of Van or Van Resistance to the Armenians ( "Vani herosamard") was a battle between forces of the Ottoman army against the inhabitants of the strategically located city of Van.

Defense

battle


Input: The resistance broke out during the Caucasus Campaign, in which the Dashnak militias were supported by the Imperial Russian army to oppose the Ottomans.

oppose

resistance

Campaign

broke out

supported


Input: Such measures had not been intended or planned by the Armenians.

planned


Input: Several contemporaneous observers and later historians have concluded that the Ottoman government deliberately instigated the armed Armenian resistance by enforcing the conditions on their subjects and then used this insurgency as a main pretext to justify the forced deportations of Armenians from all over the empire.

enforcing

concluded

resistance

insurgency

justify

instigated

deportations

used


Input: However, the decisions of deportation and extermination were made before the Van resistance.

made

decisions

extermination

deportation


Input: The assessment of witness reports maintained that the Armenian posture at Van was defensive and an act of resistance to massacre.

resistance

massacre

maintained

assessment


Input: Based mostly in the city of Van, it was one of the few successful instances during the Armenian Genocide when Armenians fought against the Ottoman Empire's armed forces.

fought


Input: The Prague uprising () of 1945 was a partially-successful attempt by the Czech resistance to liberate the city of Prague from German occupation during World War II.


Input: The preceding six years of occupation had fuelled anti-German sentiment and the approach of the Soviet Red Army and the US Third Army offered a chance of success.

approach

offered

fuelled


Input: On 5 May 1945, in the last moments of the war in Europe, Czech citizens spontaneously attacked the German occupiers and Czech resistance leaders emerged from hiding to join the uprising.

attacked

uprising

emerged

hiding

join


Input: The Russian Liberation Army, which had been fighting for the Germans, defected and supported the Czechs.

defected

fighting

supported


Input: German troops counter-attacked, but their progress was slowed by barricades constructed by the Czech citizenry.

counter-attacked

slowed


Input: On 8 May, the Czech and German leaders signed a ceasefire allowing the German forces to withdraw from the city, but not all Waffen-SS units obeyed.

obeyed

withdraw

signed


Input: Fighting continued until 9 May, when the Red Army entered the nearly liberated city.

entered


Input: The uprising was brutal, with both sides committing war crimes.

crimes


Input: Violence against Germans, sanctioned by the Czechoslovak government, continued after the liberation, and was justified as revenge for the occupation or as a means to encourage Germans to flee.

flee

justified

revenge


Input: George Patton’s US Third Army was ordered by General Dwight Eisenhower not to come to the aid of the Czech insurgents, which undermined the credibility of the Western powers in postwar Czechoslovakia.

aid

ordered


Input: Instead, the uprising was presented as a symbol of Czech resistance to Nazi rule, and the liberation by the Red Army was exploited by the Czechoslovak Communist Party to increase popular support for communism.

increase

presented


Input: The Louisiana Renaissance Festival (abbreviated LARF) is a renaissance fair near Hammond, Louisiana.

Festival


Input: The festival takes place on a location that emulates a historical 16th century village (Albright) in England during the 1565 fall harvest festival.

takes place

festival


Input: Renaissance fairs began in the 1960s in California.

began


Input: The Louisiana Renaissance Festival started in 2000 and explores Subcultural movements in Renaissance art, crafts, music, and theatre.

started


Input: Cast members are dressed as people would have been dressed during the 1560s.

dressed

dressed


Input: The local cast at LARF is composed of enthusiasts from all over southeast Louisiana.

cast


Input: The cast members regularly interact with the patrons of the fair and have been known to try to marry them, dance with them, bring patrons into random shows, and other mischief.

bring

interact

marry

known

cast

shows


Input: The cast members dress in renaissance inspired clothing.

inspired

cast

dress

clothing


Input: Females wear an underskirt or petticoat with an outer skirt and accessories such as collars.

wear


Input: Males wear knee length trousers, stockings, and a shirt.

wear


Input: LARF features seven stages with day-long interactive entertainment.


Input: There are over 100 merchants offering hand crafted wares.

crafted

hand

offering


Input: These merchants also provide renaissance clothing, perfumes, ceramic horns, jewelry, and other distinct 16th century gift options.

provide

clothing


Input: The festival includes lots of food, drink, treats and spirits—both modern and historical.

includes

festival


Input: Foods such as jester chips, bread bowls, turkey legs, and gourmet mushrooms are served.


Input: There is also a large "living village" reenactment with live cast members ready to show visitors a glimpse of pre-industrial life.

reenactment

cast

show

visitors


Input: While still small in comparison to other older renaissance festivals including the neighboring giant Texas Renaissance Festival whose open season partly overlaps LARF, LARF enjoys a reputation of hospitality that has built a strong base of loyal visitors from all over the country.

built

open

visitors


Input: LARF was opened in 2000 to become Louisiana's first public annual renaissance festival.

become

opened


Input: It opens the first weekend in November and runs for the following six weeks, including the Friday after Thanksgiving.

opens

runs


Input: LARF is also the last renaissance festival of the year-long season and ends the season with a closing gate jam and firework display over the lake.

closing

ends

festival


Input: In 2002 LARF received an award for best New Event of the Year Division, and it has been selected twice as one of the Southeast Tourism Society's TOP 20 Events in the Southeast.

award

selected

received


Input: LARF is a sponsor of the Renaissance Living History Center.

sponsor


Input: The Romanian Revolution () was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania during December 1989 as a part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries.

occurred


Input: The Romanian Revolution started in the city of Timișoara and soon spread throughout the country, ultimately culminating in the show trial and execution of longtime Communist Party General Secretary Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife Elena, and the end of 42 years of Communist rule in Romania.

spread

started


Input: It was also the last removal of a Marxist-Leninist government in a Warsaw Pact country during the events of 1989, and the only one that violently overthrew a country's government and executed its leader.

overthrew


Input: Early protests occurred in the city of Timișoara in mid-December on the part of the Hungarian minority in response to an attempt by the government to evict Hungarian Reformed church pastor László Tőkés.

occurred

evict


Input: In response, Romanians sought revolution and a change in government in light of similar recent events in neighbouring nations.


Input: The country's ubiquitous secret police force, the Securitate, which was both one of the largest in the Eastern Bloc and for decades had been the main suppressor of popular dissension, frequently and violently quashing political disagreement, ultimately proved incapable of stopping the looming, and then highly fatal and successful revolt.


Input: Social and economic malaise had been present in socialist Romania for quite some time, especially during the austerity years of the 1980s.

present


Input: The austerity measures were designed in part by Ceaușescu to repay foreign debts.

designed


Input: Shortly after a botched public speech by Ceaușescu in Bucharest (Romania's capital city) that was broadcast to millions of Romanians on state television, rank-and-file members of the military switched, almost unanimously, from supporting the dictator to backing the protesting population.

switched

broadcast


Input: Riots, street violence and murder in several Romanian cities over the course of roughly a week led the Romanian leader to flee the capital city on 22 December with his wife, Deputy Prime Minister Elena Ceaușescu.

led

flee


Input: Evading capture by hastily departing via helicopter effectively portrayed the couple as both fugitives and also acutely guilty of accused crimes.

portrayed


Input: Captured in Târgoviște, they were tried by a drumhead military tribunal on charges of genocide, damage to the national economy and abuse of power to execute military actions against the Romanian people.

Captured


Input: They were convicted on all charges, sentenced to death, and immediately executed on Christmas Day 1989, and to this day, are the last people to be condemned to death and executed in Romania.

condemned

convicted

sentenced


Input: Present-day Romania has unfolded in the shadow of the Ceaușescus along with its communist past, and the tumultuous departure from it.


Input: The National Salvation Front quickly took power after Ceaușescu was toppled, promising free and fair elections within five months.

toppled

elections


Input: Elected in a landslide the following May, the National Salvation Front, reconstituted as a political party, installed a series of economic and democratic reforms, with further social policy changes being implemented by later governments.

implemented

Elected


Input: Since that point Romania has become far more integrated with the West than its former, albeit tepid, relations with Moscow.

become


Input: Romania became a member of NATO and the European Union in 2004 and 2007, respectively.

became


Input: Democratic reforms have proven to be moderately successful, though issues with corruption remain.

proven

issues


Input: Economic reforms continue, with Romania still possessing, for example, one of the highest child poverty rates in the developed world.


Input: The Tay Bridge Disaster occurred during a violent storm on Sunday 28 December 1879, when the first Tay Rail Bridge collapsed as a train from Wormit to Dundee passed over it, killing all aboard.

occurred

collapsed

killing

passed


Input: The bridge—designed by Sir Thomas Bouch—used lattice girders supported by iron piers, with cast iron columns and wrought iron cross-bracing.

cast

supported


Input: The piers were narrower and their cross-bracing was less extensive and robust than on previous similar designs by Bouch.

designs


Input: Bouch had sought expert advice on wind loading when designing a proposed rail bridge over the Firth of Forth; as a result of that advice he had made no explicit allowance for wind loading in the design of the Tay Bridge.

designing

design

made

sought


Input: There were other flaws in detailed design, in maintenance, and in quality control of castings, all of which were, at least in part, Bouch's responsibility.

control


Input: Bouch died within the year, his reputation ruined.

died

ruined


Input: Future British bridge designs had to allow for wind loadings of up to .

allow


Input: Bouch's design for the Forth Bridge was not used.

used


Input: The United States occupation of Nicaragua from 1912 to 1933 was part of the Banana Wars, when the US military intervened in various Latin American countries from 1898 to 1934.


Input: The formal occupation began in 1912, even though there were various other assaults by the U.S. in Nicaragua throughout this period.

began


Input: American military interventions in Nicaragua were designed to stop any other nation except the United States of America from building a Nicaraguan Canal.

designed


Input: Nicaragua assumed a quasi-protectorate status under the 1916 Bryan–Chamorro Treaty.

assumed


Input: President Herbert Hoover (1929–1933) opposed the relationship.

opposed


Input: Finally in 1933 President Franklin D Roosevelt, invoking his new Good Neighbor policy ended American intervention.

ended


Input: Frontier Fiesta is a three-day event at the University of Houston that takes place on campus every spring semester, usually in the last weekend of March to the first weekend in April.

takes place

Fiesta

event


Input: At this event student groups perform variety shows, host carnival booths and put on multicultural performances, cookers participate in a large cook-off competition, and the night offers free concerts by big name performers.

put on

perform

participate


Input: Money raised from Frontier Fiesta goes to ten scholarships offered to incoming freshmen.

raised

offered


Input: At its peak from 1946 through 1959, the Frontier Fiesta received national attention by drawing huge crowds of up to 200,000 people and was profiled in "Life" magazine.

drawing

received


Input: However, in 2012, Frontier Fiesta is still an active "student–run, student–led festival hosted by the University of Houston to promote scholarship, community, and education in the University of Houston students, staff, and faculty, as well as in the Houston community."

promote


Input: Frontier Fiesta exhibits talents of the University of Houston student body.

exhibits


Input: "Each year a piece of the University of Houston campus is transformed into a fully functional town called 'Fiesta City.'

transformed

called


Input: Frontier Fiesta features free live concerts each night, variety shows by student organizations, carnival booths, multicultural performances, and a BBQ Cook–Off and Bake Fiesta."


Input: On 23 July 2011, two high-speed trains travelling on the Yongtaiwen railway line collided on a viaduct in the suburbs of Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China.

travelling


Input: The two trains derailed each other, and four cars fell off the viaduct.

fell

derailed


Input: 40 people were killed, at least 192 were injured, 12 of which were severe injuries.

injured

killed


Input: This serious traffic disaster was caused by both the critical defects of design and the rough management of the bullet train company.

caused

design


Input: Officials responded to the accident by hastily concluding rescue operations and ordering the burial of the derailed cars.

ordering

rescue

responded

derailed


Input: These actions elicited strong criticism from Chinese media and online communities.

elicited


Input: In response, the government issued directives to restrict media coverage, which was met with limited compliance, even on state-owned networks.

met with

issued

restrict

limited

response


Input: The collision is the only fatal crash involving high-speed rail (HSR) in China, and is the third-deadliest HSR accident in history, after the 1998 Eschede train disaster in Germany and 2013 Santiago de Compostela rail disaster in Spain.

fatal

involving


Input: High speed was not a factor in the accident, however, since neither train was moving faster than , a moderate speed for a passenger train.

moving


Input: The accident, the first of its kind, had a profound impact on the development of high-speed rail in China.

impact


Input: Public confidence in high-speed rail eroded, resulting in fewer passengers using the service.

using


Input: Construction of high-speed rail lines in China was temporarily suspended as the accident was under investigation.

investigation

suspended


Input: Speeds on other major high-speed rail lines in China were reduced.

reduced


Input: China's reputation in high-speed railway technology was scrutinized internationally.

scrutinized


Input: In response to the accident, Railways minister Sheng Guangzu announced a comprehensive two-month railway safety review.

announced

response


Input: The official investigation completed in December 2011 blamed faulty signal systems which failed to warn the second train of the stationary first train on the same track, as well as a series of management failures on the part of railway officials in carrying out due procedure.

carrying out

blamed

completed


Input: The accident and subsequent safety improvements helped implement further safety measures helping prevent any further safety accidents in China's high speed rail network.

helped

helping


Input: During the years 2012 to 2019, China's high speed rail network did not have any serious accidents.

accidents


Input: During the annual Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013, two homemade pressure cooker bombs detonated 14 seconds and apart at 2:49p.m., near the finish line of the race, killing three people and injuring several hundred others, including 16 who lost limbs.

detonated

injuring

Marathon

race

lost

killing

finish

bombs


Input: Three days later, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) released images of two suspects, who were later identified as Chechen Kyrgyzstani-American brothers Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and Tamerlan Tsarnaev.

identified

released


Input: They killed an MIT policeman, kidnapped a man in his car, and had a shootout with the police in nearby Watertown, during which two officers were severely injured, one of whom died a year later.

injured

died

kidnapped

killed

shootout


Input: Tamerlan was shot several times, and his brother ran him over while escaping in the stolen car; Tamerlan died soon after.

died

escaping

shot


Input: An unprecedented manhunt for Dzhokhar ensued on April 19, with thousands of law enforcement officers searching a 20-block area of Watertown; residents of Watertown and surrounding communities were asked to stay indoors, and the transportation system and most businesses and public places closed.

closed

unprecedented

ensued

asked

manhunt

searching

surrounding


Input: Around 6:00p.m., a Watertown resident discovered Dzhokhar hiding in a boat in his backyard.

hiding

discovered


Input: He was shot and wounded by police before being taken into custody.

wounded

taken

custody

shot


Input: During questioning, Dzhokhar said that he and his brother were motivated by extremist Islamist beliefs and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, that they were self-radicalized and unconnected to any outside terrorist groups, and that he was following his brother's lead.

questioning

wars

motivated

said

terrorist


Input: He said they learned to build explosive devices from an online magazine of the al-Qaeda affiliate in Yemen.

explosive

build

learned

said


Input: He also said they had intended to travel to New York City to bomb Times Square.

travel

said

bomb


Input: On April 8, 2015, he was convicted of 30 charges, including use of a weapon of mass destruction and malicious destruction of property resulting in death.

resulting in

death

destruction

convicted

use


Input: Two months later, he was sentenced to death.

death

sentenced


Input: The First International Silent Games, or First International Games for the Deaf, now referred to retroactively as the 1924 Summer Deaflympics, were the inaugural edition of the Deaflympics.

referred


Input: The Games were held in Paris, France, from 10 to 17 August 1924, as an equivalent to the Olympic Games for deaf athletes.


Input: They were organised on the initiative of deaf Frenchman Eugène Rubens-Alcais, who, just after the Games, co-founded the Comité International des Sports des Sourds with other "deaf sporting leaders".

organised

co-founded


Input: (Rubens-Alcais had previously founded France's first sports federation for the deaf and mute, in 1918.)

founded


Input: The 1924 Games were "the first games ever" for athletes with a disability, preceding the World Wheelchair and Amputee Games in 1948, which became the Paralympic Games in 1960 but which did not include events for deaf athletes.

became

games


Input: These First Silent Games were held just two weeks after the end of the 1924 Summer Olympics, also in Paris.

held

end


Input: The Games for the deaf were "modelled on the Olympic Games".


Input: Nine countries, "including six official national federations already in existence", sent 148 athletes to compete, in seven sports: athletics, road cycling, diving, football, shooting, swimming, and tennis.

compete

existence

sent

shooting


Input: Demonstration events were also held in gymnastics.

held


Input: Not counting gymnastics, a total of 31 events were held.

held


Input: Specifically, France, Belgium, Great Britain, Latvia, the Netherlands, and Poland "already had a sports federation" for the deaf, while Italy, Romania and Hungary each sent one athlete despite having no such federation yet.

sent


Input: There were 147 male athletes, and only one female athlete: Hendrika Nicoline Van der Heyden, of the Netherlands.


Input: She "competed" alone in the 100m backstroke event for women in swimming, completing it in 2:03.6, which set a world record.

competed

completing


Input: It was the only walkover, as there were at least two competitors in each of the men's thirty events (three competitors in all but one).

competitors

competitors


Input: The host country, France, dominated, winning sixteen of the seventeen events in athletics; the sole exception was the javelin throw, where Belgian Nicolas François came first ahead of Frenchman Raymond Code.

winning

came


Input: Frenchman Émile Van den Torren won the most events overall, coming first in the 1,500 metres, 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres in athletics.

coming


Input: France also swept up all three gold medals in cycling, the only gold medal in shooting, one of the two gold in tennis, and won the football competition.

competition

swept


Input: By contrast, the six swimming events were much more open; France won none, and the six gold medals were shared between the Netherlands, Italy and the United Kingdom (competing as "Great Britain").


Input: The British also won one of the tennis events: the men's doubles.


Input: The Games were deemed a success, and a second edition was held four years later in Amsterdam, with 212 athletes from ten nations – including, this time, fourteen women.

held


Input: (Amsterdam also held the Olympic Games that year.)

held


Input: With the 1924 Games being the first in a regular series, the International Games for the Deaf were established as "the second oldest international multi-sport event in the world", after the Olympic Games.

established


Input: Star Dust (registration G-AGWH) was a British South American Airways (BSAA) Avro Lancastrian airliner which crashed into Mount Tupungato in the Argentine Andes on 2 August 1947, during a flight from Buenos Aires to Santiago, Chile.

crashed


Input: A comprehensive search of a wide area (including what is now known to have been the crash site) was fruitless, and the fate of the aircraft and its occupants remained unknown for over 50 years, giving rise to various conspiracy theories about its disappearance.

crash

giving rise

search


Input: In the late 1990s, pieces of wreckage from the missing aircraft began to emerge from the glacial ice.

emerge

began


Input: It is now believed that the crew became confused as to their exact location while flying at high altitudes through the (then poorly understood) jet stream.

became

flying


Input: Mistakenly believing they had already cleared the mountain tops, they started their descent when they were in fact still behind cloud-covered peaks, and "Star Dust" crashed into Mount Tupungato, killing all aboard and burying itself in snow and ice.

crashed

cleared

killing

believing

descent

started


Input: The last word in "Star Dust" final Morse code transmission to Santiago airport, "STENDEC", was received by the airport control tower four minutes before its planned landing and repeated twice; it has never been satisfactorily explained.

landing

received

explained

repeated


Input: The was a nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Ōkuma, Fukushima Prefecture.

accident


Input: The disaster was the most severe nuclear accident since the 26 April 1986 Chernobyl disaster and the only other disaster to be given the Level 7 event classification of the International Nuclear Event Scale.

disaster

disaster

given


Input: The accident was started by the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011.

started


Input: On detecting the earthquake, the active reactors automatically shut down their fission reactions.

shut down

detecting


Input: Because of the reactor trips and other grid problems, the electricity supply failed, and the reactors' emergency diesel generators automatically started.

started


Input: Critically, they were powering the pumps that circulated coolant through the reactors' cores to remove decay heat, which continues after fission has ceased.

ceased

remove

powering


Input: The earthquake generated a 14-meter-high tsunami that arrived 46 minutes later, sweeping over the plant's seawall and flooding the plant's lower grounds around the Units 1-4 reactor buildings with sea water, which filled the basements and knocked out the emergency generators.

arrived

generated

flooding

filled

sweeping


Input: The resultant loss-of-coolant accidents led to three nuclear meltdowns, three hydrogen explosions, and the release of radioactive contamination in Units 1, 2 and 3 between 12 and 15 March.

led to


Input: The spent fuel pool of previously shutdown Reactor 4 increased in temperature on 15 March due to decay heat from newly-added spent fuel rods; but did not boil down sufficiently to expose the fuel.

increased

boil down

expose


Input: In the days after the accident, radiation released to the atmosphere forced the government to declare an ever larger evacuation zone around the plant, culminating in an evacuation zone with a 20-kilometer radius.

forced

declare

culminating


Input: All told, some 154,000 residents evacuated from the communities surrounding the plant due to the rising off-site levels of ambient ionizing radiation caused by airborne radioactive contamination from the damaged reactors.

caused

evacuated


Input: Large amounts of water contaminated with radioactive isotopes were released into the Pacific Ocean during and after the disaster.


Input: Michio Aoyama, a professor of radioisotope geoscience at the Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, has estimated that 18,000 terabecquerel (TBq) of radioactive caesium 137 were released into the Pacific during the accident, and in 2013, 30 gigabecquerel (GBq) of caesium 137 were still flowing into the ocean every day.

flowing

estimated


Input: The plant's operator has since built new walls along the coast and also created a 1.5-kilometer-long "ice wall" of frozen earth to stop the flow of contaminated water.

built

created


Input: While there has been ongoing controversy over the health effects of the disaster, a 2014 report by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and World Health Organization projected no increase in miscarriages, stillbirths or physical and mental disorders in babies born after the accident.

disaster

increase

effects

report

projected


Input: An ongoing intensive cleanup program to both decontaminate affected areas and decommission the plant will take 30 to 40 years, plant management estimate.


Input: On 5 July 2012, the National Diet of Japan Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission (NAIIC) found that the causes of the accident had been foreseeable, and that the plant operator, Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), had failed to meet basic safety requirements such as risk assessment, preparing for containing collateral damage, and developing evacuation plans.

developing

found

preparing


Input: At a meeting in Vienna three months after the disaster, the International Atomic Energy Agency faulted lax oversight by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, saying the ministry faced an inherent conflict of interest as the government agency in charge of both regulating and promoting the nuclear power industry.

promoting

meeting

faced

regulating

oversight

saying


Input: On 12 October 2012, TEPCO admitted for the first time that it had failed to take necessary measures for fear of inviting lawsuits or protests against its nuclear plants.

lawsuits


Input: The Chicago Tylenol Murders were a series of poisoning deaths resulting from drug tampering in the Chicago metropolitan area in 1982.

poisoning

resulting

deaths

Murders


Input: The victims had all taken Tylenol-branded acetaminophen capsules that had been laced with potassium cyanide.

taken

laced


Input: A total of seven people died in the original poisonings, with several more deaths in subsequent copycat crimes.

poisonings

died

deaths


Input: No suspect was ever charged or convicted of the poisonings.

poisonings

charged

convicted


Input: New York City resident James William Lewis was convicted of extortion for sending a letter to Johnson & Johnson that took credit for the deaths and demanded $1 million to stop them, but evidence tying him to the actual poisoning never emerged.

poisoning

emerged

extortion

deaths

took

convicted

stop

demanded

sending


Input: The incidents led to reforms in the packaging of over-the-counter substances and to federal anti-tampering laws.

incidents

led to

reforms


Input: The actions of Johnson & Johnson to reduce deaths and warn the public of poisoning risks have been widely praised as an exemplary public relations response to such a crisis.

poisoning

crisis

reduce

deaths

praised

response

warn


Input: The Chelyabinsk meteor was a superbolide that entered Earth's atmosphere over Russia on 15 February 2013 at about 09:20 YEKT (03:20 UTC).

entered


Input: It was caused by an approximately near-Earth asteroid with a speed of 19.16 ± 0.15 kilometres per second (60,000–69,000 km/h or 40,000–42,900 mph).

caused


Input: It quickly became a brilliant superbolide meteor over the southern Ural region.

became


Input: The light from the meteor was brighter than the Sun, visible up to away.


Input: It was observed over a wide area of the region and in neighbouring republics.

observed


Input: Some eyewitnesses also felt intense heat from the fireball.

heat

felt


Input: Due to its high velocity and shallow angle of atmospheric entry, the object exploded in an air burst over Chelyabinsk Oblast, at a height of around .

exploded

burst


Input: The explosion generated a bright flash, producing a hot cloud of dust and gas that penetrated to , and many surviving small fragmentary meteorites, as well as a large shock wave.

explosion

generated

producing

penetrated


Input: The bulk of the object's energy was absorbed by the atmosphere, with a total kinetic energy before atmospheric impact estimated from infrasound and seismic measurements to be equivalent to the blast yield of 400–500 kilotons of TNT (about 1.4–1.8 PJ) range – 26 to 33 times as much energy as that released from the atomic bomb detonated at Hiroshima.

detonated

released

impact


Input: The object was undetected before its atmospheric entry, in part because its radiant was close to the Sun.

undetected


Input: Its explosion created panic among local residents, and about 1,500 people were injured seriously enough to seek medical treatment.

injured

explosion

created

treatment


Input: All of the injuries were due to indirect effects rather than the meteor itself, mainly from broken glass from windows that were blown in when the shock wave arrived, minutes after the superbolide's flash.

arrived

injuries

broken

effects

flash

blown


Input: Some 7,200 buildings in six cities across the region were damaged by the explosion's shock wave, and authorities scrambled to help repair the structures in sub-freezing temperatures.

help

explosion

damaged

repair

scrambled


Input: With an estimated initial mass of about 12,000–13,000 tonnes (13,000–14,000 short tons, heavier than the Eiffel Tower), and measuring about in diameter, it is the largest known natural object to have entered Earth's atmosphere since the 1908 Tunguska event, which destroyed a wide, remote, forested, and very sparsely populated area of Siberia.

entered

destroyed


Input: The Chelyabinsk meteor is also the only meteor confirmed to have resulted in a large number of injuries.

injuries

resulted in

confirmed


Input: No deaths were reported.

deaths

reported


Input: The earlier-predicted and well-publicized close approach of a larger asteroid on the same day, the roughly 367943 Duende, occurred about 16 hours later; the very different orbits of the two objects showed they were unrelated to each other.

approach

occurred


Input: Operation Mincemeat was a successful British deception operation of the Second World War to disguise the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily.


Input: Two members of British intelligence obtained the body of Glyndwr Michael, a tramp who died from eating rat poison, dressed him as an officer of the Royal Marines and placed personal items on him identifying him as the fictitious Captain (Acting Major) William Martin.

identifying

died

obtained

eating

placed

dressed


Input: Correspondence between two British generals which suggested that the Allies planned to invade Greece and Sardinia, with Sicily as merely the target of a feint, was also placed on the body.

planned

placed

suggested


Input: Part of the wider Operation Barclay, Mincemeat was based on the 1939 Trout memo, written by Rear Admiral John Godfrey, the Director of the Naval Intelligence Division and his personal assistant, Lieutenant Commander Ian Fleming.


Input: With the approval of the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill and the military commander in the Mediterranean, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the plan began by transporting the body to the southern coast of Spain by submarine and releasing it close to shore, where it was picked up the following morning by a Spanish fisherman.

picked up

began

transporting

approval


Input: The nominally neutral Spanish government shared copies of the documents with the , the German military intelligence organisation, before returning the originals to the British.

shared


Input: Forensic examination showed they had been read and Ultra decrypts of German messages showed that the Germans fell for the ruse.

showed

showed

examination


Input: Reinforcements were shifted to Greece and Sardinia before and during the invasion of Sicily; Sicily received none.

invasion

shifted

received


Input: The effect of Operation Mincemeat is unknown, although Sicily was liberated more quickly than anticipated and losses were lower than predicted.

losses


Input: The events were depicted in "Operation Heartbreak", a 1950 novel by the former cabinet minister Duff Cooper, before one of the agents who planned and carried out Mincemeat, Ewen Montagu, wrote a history in 1953.

carried out

planned

depicted

wrote


Input: Montagu's work formed the basis for the 1956 British film "The Man Who Never Was".

work

formed


Input: Hurricane Iris was the first of three tropical cyclones to affect the Lesser Antilles in a three-week period, preceding the more destructive hurricanes Luis and Marilyn.

Hurricane

hurricanes

destructive

affect


Input: The ninth named storm and fifth hurricane of the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season, Iris developed from a tropical wave to the east of the Lesser Antilles on August 22 and attained hurricane status within 30 hours.

attained

storm

hurricane

hurricane

hurricane

developed

named


Input: The hurricane weakened to a tropical storm before crossing the islands of the eastern Caribbean from August 26 through August 28.

hurricane

storm

weakened

crossing


Input: During that time, Iris became one of four active tropical storms in the Atlantic basin.

became

storms


Input: Earlier it had interacted with Hurricane Humberto, and beginning on August 30, Iris interacted with Tropical Storm Karen.

Hurricane

Storm

interacted

interacted

beginning


Input: Iris re-intensified into a hurricane and attained peak sustained winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) while moving slowly across the central Atlantic.

attained

hurricane

re-intensified

moving


Input: The hurricane accelerated to the north and absorbed a dissipating Karen on September 3.

hurricane

accelerated

dissipating

absorbed


Input: Iris weakened to a tropical storm and became extratropical on September 4, though its remnants reattained hurricane-force winds before affecting western Europe on September 7.

became

storm

weakened

affecting


Input: As a tropical storm, Iris produced heavy rainfall across much of the Leeward Islands.

storm

produced


Input: In the southern Lesser Antilles, high waves caused coastal flooding in Trinidad, while in Martinique further north, significant amounts of precipitation led to flooding and landslides.

caused

led to

flooding

flooding


Input: The threat from the hurricane halted airplane evacuations on Montserrat, which was being threatened by the eruption of the Soufrière Hills volcano.

hurricane

evacuations

halted

eruption

threatened


Input: There were five deaths in association with Iris—four in Martinique, and one in Guadeloupe.

deaths


Input: The floods in Pakistan began in late July 2010, resulting from heavy monsoon rains in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, Punjab and, Balochistan regions of Pakistan, which affected the Indus River basin.

floods

affected

began


Input: Approximately one-fifth of Pakistan's total land area was affected by floods, with the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province facing the brunt of the damage and casualties (above 90% of the deaths occurred in that Province).

floods

damage

casualties

brunt

affected


Input: According to Pakistani government data, the floods directly affected about 20 million people, mostly by destruction of property, livelihood and infrastructure, with a death toll of close to 2,000.

floods

death

destruction

affected


Input: UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon had initially asked for US$460 million (€420 million) for emergency relief, noting that the flood was the worst disaster he had ever seen.

asked

noting


Input: Only 20% of the relief funds requested had been received on 15 August 2010.

relief

received

funds


Input: The U.N. had been concerned that aid was not arriving fast enough, and the World Health Organization reported that ten million people were forced to drink unsafe water.

arriving

drink

reported


Input: The Pakistani economy was harmed by extensive damage to infrastructure and crops.

harmed

damage


Input: Damage to structures was estimated to exceed US$4 billion (€2.5 billion), and wheat crop damages were estimated to be over US$500 million (€425 million).

Damage

damages


Input: Total economic impact may have been as much as US$43 billion (€35 billion).