Input: I leave you with the film which saddens the heart and makes it bleed ....


Input: the link to the film ..


Input: The Islam Diary: A leader of the Shiite death squads in Sadr City, east of Baghdad, acknowledged that the Mahdi Army militia was involved in killing operations of Arab Sunni men after kidnapping them, despite their relatives having paid the blood money demanded by the hostage - takers in return for their being freed.

The Islam Diary

Shiite

Arab

Sunni

Sadr City

Baghdad

Mahdi Army


Input: Speaking at the same time about an Iranian role in the financing and support of the war of genocide against the Sunnis. " Fadil ", a commander in the Mahdi Army tells how he had followed three Arab Sunni men for a period of some weeks and detained them when they were crossing the Karada bridge, after having informed an Iraqi army road block close to the area that he was pursuing " terrorists ", then attacked the car of the group in question.

Iranian

Sunnis

Arab

Sunni

Iraqi

Fadil

the Mahdi Army

three

some weeks

the Karada bridge


Input: He also told the British Guardian that he took the three men to Sadr City where his group had interrogated them then executed them, indicating that the members of the Mahdi Army usually demanded a ransom from the families of the hostages in return for freeing their relatives, and would liquidate them anyway after they receive the ransom.

the British Guardian

the Mahdi Army

three

Sadr City


Input: The newspaper quoted another commander in the Mahdi Army as saying; " We have taken 10 Sunnis hostages, we will get a ransom for five of them, then we will kill them all. In every major hostage - taking operation we get 50 thousand dollars, " and he considered it to be the best business a person could be running in Baghdad now!

the Mahdi Army

five

Sunnis

50 thousand dollars

Baghdad


Input: The newspaper described " Fadil " as a valuable commander to this squad because he is a Shiite who grew up in the Sunni area south of Baghdad.

Fadil

Shiite

Sunni

Baghdad


Input: He speaks in the Sunni dialect and carries an identity card from the Yusufiyah Sunni village.

Sunni

Sunni

Yusufiyah


Input: He was quoted as saying: " I can enter the Sunni areas without anyone knowing that I am a Shiite. "

Sunni

Shiite


Input: It pointed out that Fadil and the likes are responsible for the dozens of corpses which are being found daily in Baghdad.

Fadil

dozens

Baghdad


Input: This means that the Baghdad security plan will not be successful unless the Americans control squads such as these to put breaks on the civil war.

Baghdad

Americans


Input: " Fadil " was quoted as saying that the Mahdi Army is resorting in its operations to reinforcements from Iraqi army units commanded by its members or sympathizers, and confirmed that all the police belong to the Shiite militia.

Fadil

the Mahdi Army

Iraqi

Shiite


Input: He added that the Mahdi Army is receiving logistic and military support from Iran and that they are not encountering any problems in getting weapons through to Sadr City because they usually present a letter to each of the checkpoints they pass through.

the Mahdi Army

Iran

Sadr City


Input: Son of the Interior

Son of the Interior


Input: " The Al - Jazeera channel is superior to the Al - Arabiya in many areas " " even though it has some bad faults "

Al - Jazeera

the Al - Arabiya


Input: " ______________ al - Mu'tasim ____________ "


Input: Abu Bakr al - Razi

Abu Bakr al - Razi


Input: I swear !!!!!


Input: You are like a Zubairi Chairman of the Club

Zubairi

Chairman of the Club


Input: -LSB- QUOTE


Input: You are like a Zubairi -LSB- /quote -RSB-

Zubairi


Input: Source of the Word

Source of the Word


Input: God bless you, my brother, Son of the Interior

Son of the Interior


Input: As for it being superior, it is superior to the Hebrew, I mean the'Arabiya channel and there is no competition between them.

Hebrew

'Arabiya


Input: It is the best one at conveying the incidents on the ground in Iraq, and has not covered many of the facts.

Iraq


Input: As regards some of the faults they are many - especially its view of Saudi Arabia ..

Saudi Arabia


Input: As we have said this is a unique precedent for it ...


Input: The Glare

The Glare


Input: Brother Source of the Word, a very good morning to you.

Source of the Word

morning


Input: This Zionist - American and Safavid evil triangle has nothing else to do but put an end to the Sunnis and the Book so that there is no one to resist them.

Zionist - American

Safavid

Sunnis

Book


Input: But however much they try, Baghdad will remain, by God's decree, the capital of the Islamic caliphate.

Baghdad

Islamic


Input: It will return, God permitting!


Input: The victories of the Mujahideen are obvious and America and its Safavid henchmen are no longer able to hide this fact.

America

Safavid


Input: God be praised and blessed and we ask Him the Almighty on high to empower the Mujahideen to be victorious and strong; He has the power and ability to do so.


Input: Unique of His Kind

Unique of His Kind


Input: My brother Source of the Word. The truth is that I saw the film and it was really terrifying to the extent that I thought I was watching a fictional film ... because I could not imagine the extent of the Safavid hatred and criminality.

Source of the Word

Safavid


Input: Despite what I had already imagined regarding their hatred and criminality nevertheless I did not imagine them reaching this level of hatred and criminality.


Input: Al - Jazeera deserves every appreciation for showing this film to the Arab viewer.

Al - Jazeera

Arab


Input: But as for the Al - Arabiya channel, as long as al - Rashed is its director I wash my hands of it completely.

Al - Arabiya

al - Rashed


Input: Greetings.


Input: Abu Juri

Abu Juri


Input: Permit me to differ.


Input: The Al - Arabiya channel in a short time has pulled the rug out from under the lying al - Jazeera channel.

Al - Arabiya

al - Jazeera


Input: If the al - Jazeera channel has, as you say, shown a tape about the Shiites then it, in contrast, has not presented more important tapes about the treacherous government of Qatar.

al - Jazeera

Shiites

Qatar


Input: The last of these tapes or news is Peres' visit to Doha and the warm reception which he and his delegation enjoyed.

last

Peres

Doha


Input: There is no channel without faults.


Input: But Al - Arabiya is the best of them and it is more credible than Al - Jazeera whose first aim, as we all know, is to attack Saudi Arabia and to interfere in our country's affairs, even the private ones.

Al - Arabiya

Al - Jazeera

first

Saudi Arabia


Input: I wish, even if it was only once, to watch one of those al - Jazeera's programs in which there is a lot of shouting and fighting, talking about the Al - Udeid Base, or the Israeli trade office and what the Israelis are doing exactly.

one

those al - Jazeera's

the Al - Udeid Base

Israeli

Israelis


Input: There are hidden matters in the state of Qatar and its government.

Qatar


Input: But Al - Jazeera tries to cover up these failings by attacking other states and governments.

Al - Jazeera


Input: Source of the Word

Source of the Word


Input: Try again perhaps we can understand what you wrote ...


Input: Source of the Word

Source of the Word


Input: By God's will I have just understood it.


Input: Source of the Word

Source of the Word


Input: May God grant you long life, my esteemed brother Glare.

Glare


Input: You are right in what you wrote.


Input: And victory is coming by God's leave.


Input: Salem

Salem


Input: Neither Al - Arabiya nor Al - Jazeera --

Al - Arabiya

Al - Jazeera


Input: How I wish success to the Al - Majd channels, as they are truly the most pure and credible media channels on the face of the Earth.

Al - Majd

Earth


Input: As for the rest of the channels they serve dubious agendas.


Input: If they hit the spot once they miss a thousand times.

a thousand


Input: Son of the Interior

Son of the Interior


Input: "!!" we have al - Razi here; who is his equal "!!"

al - Razi


Input: " A scholar and a genius, an inventor and discoverer "


Input: " Abu Bakr! You said nothing new "

Abu Bakr


Input: " _______________ Al - Mu'tasim _________ "

Al - Mu'tasim


Input: the Source of the Word.

the Source of the Word


Input: May God grant you long life, my brother Unique, welcome back!

Unique


Input: The Al - Arabiya started as a rival to Al - Jazeera but it failed and the reason is famously unknown ... you find it in the word Hebrew

The Al - Arabiya

Al - Jazeera

Hebrew


Input: And so the news started and the competition was won with make - up and women's concerns.


Input: May you stay in good health ..


Input: -LSB- -RSB-


Input: Children are left at home in the rural areas, after parents leave to work in the city.


Input: These are called left - behind children.


Input: The parents are also forced to work in the city.


Input: In fact, they have no alternatives but to make such a decision.


Input: There are 120 million farmers who work in the city all year round in China, thus creating nearly 20 million left - behind children.

120 million

20 million

China


Input: I want to tell them that I miss them a lot.


Input: Day after day and year after year, they long for love in loneliness and wait for family affection in defect.


Input: I think that it is especially important to have emotional exchanges with the children.


Input: Visit the children more often whenever possible.


Input: -LSB- -RSB-


Input: In September 2005, a study report titled " Concern for Left - behind Children " had drawn wide public attention.

September 2005

" Concern for Left - behind Children "


Input: While the situation of peasant workers in the city has repeatedly put society into question, the phenomenon of left - behind children in rural areas has gradually entered the view of the public.


Input: Ye Jingzhong is the assistant dean of the College of Humanities and Development at China Agricultural University, and team leader of the Left - behind Children Task Force.

Ye Jingzhong

the College of Humanities and Development

China Agricultural University

the Left - behind Children Task Force


Input: In the last two years, he has led the task force to conduct many field interviews and investigations on left - behind children in numerous rural areas in central and western China, including Shaanxi, Ningxia, Hebei, and Beijing.

the last two years

China

Shaanxi

Ningxia

Hebei

Beijing


Input: Why did you pick the central and western parts of China, and not the south, to conduct this study?

China


Input: First of all, for people who work in the city from the central and western regions um, uh, according to their educational level, they generally engage in strenuous manual labor when they leave for the city to work.

First


Input: They are not in a position to bring their children to the city.


Input: When we conducted this research study, our focus was to analyze the impact on children when their parents, work in the city.


Input: , its main impact is the lack of love because of the absence of their parents.


Input: Therefore, we believe that whether it's in southern or northern part, no matter which part of the country the research is conducted in, the results should be consistent.


Input: According to your estimation, how many left - behind children are there in China now?

China


Input: This group should be the biggest in number.


Input: Um, the most conservative statistics for the group of people who leave the country to work in the city in our country is 100 million.

100 million


Input: Nowadays, um,, um, many places, um, cite a figure of 120 million.

120 million


Input: Many people quote a figure of 150 million.

150 million


Input: Let's think about it this way.


Input: If we actually use 120 million as the statistic for the group who leave the country to work in the city,, at least half of them are um, married before they work in the city.

120 million

half


Input: Of course, families of these married people will usually have children.


Input: Moreover, they will usually have more than one child in rural areas.

more than one


Input: So you can imagine.


Input: I believe the left - behind children group is definitely more than 10 or 20 million.

more than 10 or 20 million


Input: It, uh,, in my opinion, should be around 50 million.

50 million


Input: Of course, we have not conducted exact statistical calculations.


Input: I believe the number of this group should be particularly large.


Input: According to the study by the task force, at present, the four main types of custody for left - behind children include single - parent custody, skip - generation custody, relative custody, and same - generation custody. Among which, single - parent custody had the highest number, accounting for 79.2 percent of the people surveyed.

four

79.2 percent


Input: The next one was skip - generation custody, accounting for 16.9 percent. While those who lived with relatives or were entrusted to the care of someone else made up 4.1 percent and .9 percent of the total number of left - behind children, respectively.

one

16.9 percent

4.1 percent

.9 percent


Input: According to your study, what do these left - behind children generally do with their daily life if their parents or parent work in the city?


Input: Different types of custody have different impacts on their life.


Input: No doubt,, single - parent custody definitely creates less impact compared to the other types.


Input: The impact of single - parent custody is smaller because at least the mother is at home.


Input: There is no major problem in the children's material life.


Input: Of course, there are many impacts in other aspects, for instance, peer socialization.


Input: The one that creates a huge impact is definitely skip - generation custody.

one


Input: Skip - generation custody means the grandparents look after the children.


Input: There is also relative or neighbor custody that asks neighbors or relatives to look after the children, and there is a type called self - custody.


Input: These three types create the biggest and the most impact.

three


Input: If we want to discuss this in more detail, let's say, the skip - generation custody.


Input: First, in skip - generation custody, their material life will no doubt be a lot less taken care of when compared to the usual both parents or one parent at home situation.

First


Input: This is indisputable.


Input: This type of family is not as good as the others.


Input: We had an example of a child in Shaanxi province.

Shaanxi province


Input: Um, there was a family!


Input: This family had an older brother and a younger sister.


Input: Both parents wanted to go to the city to work.


Input: The father went first, and later the mother wanted to go, too.

first


Input: What happened to these two children?

two


Input: The grandparents were unwilling to take care of them because in rural areas, grandparents also have to work in the field!


Input: As a result,, this mother sent, these brother and sister, to martial arts school to study.


Input: After they went to the martial arts school for a while, um, their mother was, um, a little worried, so she went to visit them.


Input: She went to visit them.


Input: When she saw them,, the girl cried to her and said, " I really don't want to stay here.


Input: I want to go home. "


Input: Later, the mother was moved and brought, this girl home and had the grandparents look after her.


Input: Um, she still, ai, left him at the martial arts school.


Input: Um, um, after the girl returned, the mother continued to work in the city.


Input: When she came back one time in between work, she found that the girl's body was dotted with red marks and red swellings.

one


Input: She then discovered ah, um, the grandparents had not washed her clothes for a very long time.


Input: The situation you mentioned, is it common or is it a rather extreme example, because generally, people will think that grandparents will particularly love and care about their grandchildren?


Input: The situation that I just mentioned regarding skip - generation custody is no doubt common.


Input: Why is it so?


Input: You said that grandparents certainly have special love for the children.


Input: It is true.


Input: It is true that they will go out of their way to pamper the children.


Input: However, for the elderly, with the difference in age and time,, their, ways of taking care and loving the children are different.


Input: They are influenced by their own habits.


Input: For instance, there was a child who was sick.


Input: Um, the grandparents asked him to take, a small pill that was made in Shaanxi.

Shaanxi


Input: They did not even know what it was made of.


Input: It was a local method.


Input: Um, after all, they are different from, um, young people in this respect.


Input: Instead of sending the child to the hospital as quickly as possible, they are influenced by, some habits in this aspect.


Input: , they raised this point themselves.


Input: Another important point they mentioned was that they had to take care of the entire family.


Input: " Her father and mother are not home, so the entire family falls onto our shoulders, especially when we still have to be responsible for the farm work on the farmland.


Input: So, all I can do is to feed her and make sure that she is not cold. "


Input: They also had to face such a reality, one that they could not resolve.


Input: After all, a family that had so many people in the beginning,, the parents of the children were a very important um, workforce.


Input: Now it was down to the two grandparents.

two


Input: No doubt, they could not help.


Input: In the study of left - behind children, many staff found out by surprise that the biological cycle of the farmers who work in the city, and the inculcation and upbringing cycle of their children, have formed two parallel lines that will never meet.

two


Input: Farmers who work in the city are generally a young workforce in their prime, while this is the period in which their children attend primary or junior high school.


Input: Originally, they work in the city out of the hope that their children can receive a better education.


Input: However, adolescent children need the loving care and guidance of their parents even more.


Input: During this period, the absence of both or even one parent will create obstacles to the character development of the children.


Input: This pair of unavoidable contradictions has made the problem of left - behind children in rural areas become more obvious.


Input: You have seen many kinds of left - behind children.


Input: Was there a particular case or a particular child who had left an especially deep impression on you that you still remember now?


Input: , um, there was a child in Ningxia whose name was Yao Zhengang.

Ningxia

Yao Zhengang


Input: This child, um, did not do exceptionally well in school.


Input: What impressed me the most about him was that he really missed his parents.


Input: He felt particularly lonely and especially wanted his father to come back.


Input: He said that he was sick one time.

one


Input: His father worked in Guyuan, about 40 to 50 kilometers away from home.

Guyuan

40 to 50 kilometers


Input: After his father learned that he was very sick, he ran back to the village right away.


Input: After he arrived at the village, he did not say anything, but to put him on his back and carry him to the town to see a doctor.


Input: He just carried him like that without saying a word.


Input: When the doctor in the town took a look and told him that they were unable to cure the sickness, he carried the child to the county.


Input: When Yao Zhengang told us what happened, he said, " My father had never bought me so many tasty foods before.

Yao Zhengang


Input: On that day, he bought me a lot of tasty food while we were in the county, but he did not eat any himself. "

that day


Input: I thought about this at that time.


Input: After I heard this incident, I particularly understood what was in the mind of Yao Zhengang's father.

Yao Zhengang's


Input: He might have felt especially guilty toward his child.


Input: What he felt was that " I go out to work and leave my child home. "


Input: He said that his child had also said, " When he was at home, he always encouraged me. "


Input: He would say, " No problem. You work hard and get a better grade next time, " when I had low grades.


Input: If he could receive many, such encouragements, he would not have um, um, disliked school sometimes.


Input: He does not want to go to school now.


Input: However, in his example, I could imagine what went through his father's mind at that time.


Input: I think that he felt very guilty toward his child.


Input: Therefore, I can feel that um, um, parents who work in the city also have no alternative.


Input: They are forced into making such decisions.


Input: Um, there was also this child.


Input: There was a child, a girl in Xixiang county, Shaanxi province.

Xixiang county

Shaanxi province


Input: Um, when I asked, " What do you think are the changes that your parents working in the city have caused you? " She did not answer.


Input: She went home to get a small box.


Input: There was a small finger inside the box.


Input: This was a very terrifying incident.


Input: What was the small finger all about?


Input: What happened was that when her um, parents left to work in the city, her grandparents looked after her.


Input: They had a cellar at home and inside was a hay cutter for cutting hay.


Input: When she went downstairs to play by herself, an accident happened.


Input: Her grandparents said, " We can't help.


Input: We can't keep an eye on her all the time. "


Input: , before they went to work in the city, they could watch her and forbade her to go down to the cellar.


Input: He had told her not to do that before.


Input: However, I said that sometimes it is very difficult to ask children to have self control.


Input: That was why she turned this way.


Input: -LSB- -RSB-


Input: This is Ruangang village, Bocang town, Yi county, Hebei province.

Ruangang village, Bocang town, Yi county, Hebei province


Input: Among the 303 households in the village, one - third of the families have people who work in the city.

one - third


Input: More than half of the children in the village are left - behind children.

More than half


Input: Most of the children's parents are in the southern part of the country.


Input: Many people want to save some travel expenses and earn some more money, so it is very common for them not to return home for a year or two.

a year or two


Input: Life is so vast.


Input: Life is an ocean wherever life exists.


Input: It has been six years since 14 - year - old Jiang Beiwen was sent by his parents to live with his maternal grandfather in Ruangang village.

six years

14 - year

Jiang Beiwen

Ruangang village


Input: His parents rely on selling rice in Guangzhou to support their child's education.

Guangzhou


Input: They live a very hard life.


Input: Little Beiwen has not seen them once in the past six years.

Beiwen

the past six years


Input: Oh, I see so many children here who can turn for comfort in their parents' arms!


Input: Ah, I envy them.


Input: So, I also, want to be able to turn to comfort in my parents' arms.


Input: I was at school the time I missed my mother the most.


Input: Uh huh.


Input: We had a market!


Input: Oh, every day, there were parents who bought things for their oh, sons and daughters.


Input: I also wish that my parents could buy me things.


Input: I envied them very much.


Input: That was when I missed my mother the most.


Input: This is Jiang Beiwen's favorite photo.

Jiang Beiwen's


Input: It was taken with his father six years ago, before he sent him to live with his maternal grandfather.

six years ago


Input: He was only eight years old at that time.

eight years


Input: The only connection that little Beiwen has with his parents now is to talk on the phone with them once a week.

Beiwen


Input: In his opinion, affection among family members is something unreachable.


Input: How often can your mother call you?


Input: Uh, once a week!


Input: What do you talk about?


Input: I will talk about my studies and life.


Input: My schoolwork was not quite good when I first came!

first


Input: My mother scolded me in the beginning when my schoolwork was poor.


Input: She said that I was losing honor for not doing well at school!


Input: Then I cried and after that, my mother cried, too.


Input: Since they move from place to place in the city to work all year round, parents of left - behind children have little communication with their children.


Input: While for temporary custodians, they are only limited to providing superficial care, such as making sure the children have food and stay warm, but can not fulfill the responsibility of educating the children.


Input: The survey found that 36.7 percent of the children had never been to their parents' workplace.

36.7 percent


Input: 8.2 percent of the parents almost never contacted their children.

8.2 percent


Input: 21.4 percent of the parents contacted their children less than once a month.

21.4 percent


Input: Since their parents are absent, how can these children communicate and exchange with their parents?


Input: Our study found that um, um, the principal means of contact between the left - behind children and their parents was through the telephone.


Input: However, contrary to our belief that they could talk on the phone for a long time when they called, approximately 50 percent of the left - behind children we surveyed talked on the phone with their parents for three minutes or so.

approximately 50 percent

three minutes


Input: What could they talk about in three minutes?

three minutes


Input: I think it is hard to say anything meaningful in three minutes.

three minutes


Input: Of course, we also studied what these children talked to their parents about in these three - minute telephone conversations.

three - minute


Input: What did the parents who worked in the city talk about with their children?


Input: What touched us very deeply was that 70 percent of the content of the children's conversations with their parents was to ask about their safety and not other things, such as how much they had earned.

70 percent


Input: As for the content of the parents' conversations with their children, first, it was school.

first


Input: Whether they were good and how their schoolwork was.


Input: Second, it was whether they obeyed their custodians and what they ate and things like that.

Second


Input: Uh, as for safety matters, in fact, they could not have any emotional exchange.


Input: We know that sometimes when we talk on the phone, even a pause is a need for emotional exchange.


Input: However, the parents may not have realized this.


Input: For instance, the child has stopped talking.


Input: He stops talking because he needs to pause to consider how to say what is in his mind.


Input: The parents may not have realized this point, so they hang up the phone immediately.


Input: Of course, for three minutes, why was it only for three minutes?

three minutes

three minutes


Input: In many cases, it was because they worried about the charge.


Input: , many left - behind children told us that they especially wanted to call their parents on the phone.


Input: However, um, they considered that um, one thing, sometimes they did not have a telephone at home.

one


Input: It was very difficult for children to borrow the phone from their neighbors.


Input: Second, um, they considered that they needed money to make a phone call.

Second


Input: Some children told me, " I secretly called my parents when my custodians were not home. "


Input: The children have a great need for this type of telephone exchange.


Input: Do the left - behind children understand why their parents work in the city?


Input: Um, um, we conducted a survey on this question.


Input: We were very surprised to find that 40 percent of the left - behind children had no idea what jobs their parents held away from home.

40 percent


Input: How could that be possible?


Input: How could that be possible?


Input: We interviewed some left - behind children, their custodians, and the people who work in the city.


Input: Why wouldn't the children know what they did?


Input: First, we can tell from the content of the three - minute telephone conversations we mentioned earlier that children are particularly concerned about the safety of the parents who work in the city.

First

three - minute


Input: However, a lot of the work that the parents engaged in is dangerous work, including coalmines, construction, and some others, many of them are dangerous jobs.


Input: Thus, I believe the parents of these left - behind children also choose not to take the initiative and tell them the nature of their job.


Input: Why do they do that?


Input: It is because they are afraid that their children will worry.


Input: Second,, parents, especially fathers, who work in the city have a particularly lofty image in the children's mind.

Second


Input: Maybe they do not want their children to know about the nature of their job or tell them what they do.


Input: They, do not want to destroy the lofty image of themselves in the child's mind.


Input: At noon, the maternal grandmother and maternal grandfather went to work in the field and did not come home.

noon


Input: Jiang Beiwen has to make lunch for himself.

Jiang Beiwen


Input: This happens to him very often.


Input: He could look after himself since he was nine.

nine


Input: What work are you going to do today, other than cooking?

today


Input: Uh, I will do the dishes after I finish eating.


Input: If it is Sunday when I am free, I will, also do some farm work.

Sunday


Input: What kind of work?


Input: Uh, I will hoe the field, uh, when we are in a hurry to till the land for growing crops, I will help do some work.


Input: Do you still remember your mother's cooking?


Input: Uh huh, I do.


Input: It was especially tasty.


Input: Now, the most I want to know is, my parents' health.


Input: Why do you want to know about that?


Input: It is because I care about my parents very much.


Input: I think about their work because I know that they work in the city because of me, so I care about them a lot.


Input: They will be worn out from working in the city, working in the city to make money.


Input: I believe it is also because of me, so I care about their health a lot.


Input: Because of you, why is it because of you?


Input: Because if they didn't have me, I think they uh, would be a lot more, relaxed when they worked.


Input: Then, are these children willing to live with their parents? Or go to the city with them?


Input: In regard to this, first,, children all want their parents to come back to live with them.

first


Input: However, 51 percent of the children we surveyed were unwilling to go to the city with their parents, go to the city, to live in the city.

51 percent


Input: However, they all wanted their parents to come back, but half of the children did not want to go to the city.

half


Input: We also asked them why they did not want to go to the city.


Input: This was also very surprising to us.


Input: They said that the city is another world and they were especially worried.


Input: They were afraid that once they go to the city, they will not be able to assimilate into the schools and things like that.


Input: Second, they realized that it is already a very difficult task for their parents to work in the city.

Second


Input: Their parents have to send money home, among other things.


Input: If they go live with them, they will add more burdens to their parents.


Input: If we are in the city every day, live in the city every day, we may know that oh, city life is like this.


Input: As for children from rural areas and people from rural areas who work in the city, they are not familiar with this world and they have a type of fear.


Input: As for parents, are they more willing to bring their children with them or leave them at home?


Input: I believe when parents make this decision, their main consideration is not willing or unwilling.


Input: All parents, I can say the majority of the parents, definitely want to live with their children.


Input: However, with the reality that they have to face, I believe that they can not solve this problem.


Input: Of course, we know what the reality is.


Input: First, their families are rather poor to begin with.

First


Input: Only the lower - middle class will leave the rural areas and work in the city.


Input: They have to make money to support the family.


Input: They will need a huge sum of money in order to bring their children to the city.


Input: Nonetheless, I believe there are also many other reasons.


Input: They also have to consider whether their children can go to school in the city.


Input: They have to find a place to live.


Input: All these are problems that they need to resolve.


Input: The problems they face are too many.


Input: If the children go to the city, the expenses will be very high.


Input: Since circumstances do not permit, they can not bring their children with them, according to their will or their psychological need.


Input: Many parents are unable to bring their children with them.


Input: What would you tell your parents if you could see them now?


Input: I want to tell them that I miss them very much.


Input: Judging from the surface, is there any obvious difference between the character of these left - behind children and non-left - behind children?


Input: It is hard to tell from the surface.


Input: Why is it so?


Input: For these children, it depends on how long their parents have been working in the city.


Input: For example, some have just gone for a year, while others have gone for 10 years already.

a year

10 years


Input: In this case, um, generally speaking, uh, we did not conduct any psychological testing or comparison in this psychological aspect.


Input: However, many schools and custodians reported that many left - behind children had become very withdrawn.


Input: They had very strange um, um, temperaments.


Input: They did not like to speak.


Input: There was, a child who was in the first year of junior high school.

the first year


Input: Um, um, he told us himself that he particularly, um, um, misses his father.


Input: He was very good at school.


Input: However, one time we visited him, his um, family told us that he was second in his class in his examination.

second


Input: After that, he became extremely, extremely, annoyed.


Input: Um, um, um, his language and other things became very strange.


Input: Um, um, we also asked his um, um, grandparents who had custody of him.


Input: They said that when his father was home, he would always encourage him and um, exchange with him.


Input: Um, of course, it was not necessarily because his parents worked in the city.


Input: However, for some left - behind children, their parents working in the city has caused some psychological abnormalities and unusual development.


Input: This situation indeed exists.


Input: After all, these are families whose love is inadequate and incomplete.


Input: I believe love is especially important.


Input: Children need love from the time they are small.


Input: We have to understand our Chinese saying, " The child is father to the man. "

Chinese


Input: What it says is that the character that children form at a very young age will affect their entire life.


Input: Only children who are loved and who realize the importance of love since they are young will be able to love other people in the future.


Input: This is the case.


Input: Therefore, for this type, um, um, um, this group of left - behind children, psychologically, they do not have family love.


Input: Um,, if the parents work in the city, these children perhaps will not receive timely attention when they encounter many difficulties at home.


Input: Perhaps the neighbors around are all facing different realities and can not offer them timely love.


Input: Under this situation, I believe, I am not sure, um, I am unwilling to imagine what mentality and character these children will develop when they grow up.


Input: Will they believe there is love in society or not?


Input: Will they think that love is important in society or not, because they have never experienced it.


Input: They have never completely experienced it.


Input: Thus, if such a large group in society does not realize that love should be, um, given or received in society, I think this is, something that I do not want to imagine.


Input: Despite the guarantee in food, clothing, and school that left - behind children get because their parents work in the city to make money, they do not have the psychological and physiological satisfaction that they require.


Input: According to the survey, more than half of the left - behind children were dissatisfied with their current life.

more than half


Input: 58 percent of the left - behind children believed that they were unhappy.

58 percent


Input: Are the parents worried about leaving their children at home by themselves?


Input: Do they understand the living conditions of their children at home?


Input: They thought that this was a reality that they could not um, um, face.


Input: They were condemned to this reality.


Input: No doubt, I think some, um, parents have not had such profound consideration.


Input: Why don't they?


Input: I believe people are all the same.


Input: If they face such an urgent need for a livelihood, their first consideration will be the need for a livelihood.

first


Input: They can not consider the deeper issue of children's safety and psychology when their livelihood has not been solved, satisfied, and guaranteed.


Input: For example, there were two sisters who lived in a cave dwelling in Shaanxi province.

two

Shaanxi province


Input: Many people whom we interviewed lived in cave dwellings.


Input: Once there was a flood.


Input: , these sisters stayed in the cave dwelling to look after the home!


Input: This happened in the rural area.


Input: These two children were looking after the home.

two


Input: Their uncle saved them when the flood was almost past their bellies.


Input: Their father called later to see if they were fine.


Input: The family told him that they were fine.


Input: He did not come back after that.


Input: He did not come back to check if everything was fine.


Input: I believe the reason he did not return was that he would ponder whether he should return or not.


Input: Dealing with serial crimes per se /.


Input: We can see the emerging behavior /.


Input: we can see that this is a behavior that is not going to stop /.


Input: You can have hundreds of individuals as suspects and can narrow the focus of your investigation to a smaller pool of people /.

hundreds


Input: And it gives you a starting point /.


Input: The good news is even though at any given point in time that there are these people out there perpetrating these crimes we are getting better at catching them and better at catching them sooner So that instead of waiting until they've committed twelve crimes or instead of having twelve murders take place before we catch somebody now we may catch them after the first or second murder /.

twelve

twelve

first

second


Input: I will never in my lifetime learn why a serial killer becomes a serial killer /.


Input: But maybe the work that I'm doing now will be able to take other people down avenues to explore with more tools with more ability to experiment with more ability to study on a hands - on basis /.


Input: But I will never learn that /.


Input: As a psychologist through all the interviews that I've conducted all the cases that I've reviewed what I've learned is that these people while bright um and while at some level charming are emotionally and spiritually bankrupt /.


Input: and I've learned that there is such a thing as evil /.


Input: While criminal profiling has been the topic of best selling books and award winning films it is merely one tool used to solve crimes /.

one


Input: The fact is that often offenders are caught while committing minor crimes like traffic violations or simply because they raise suspicion of local police /.


Input: That's our crime files investigation /.


Input: I'm John Seganthaler /.

John Seganthaler


Input: From NBC news in Washington this is Meet The Press with Tim Russet /.

NBC news

Washington

Meet The Press with Tim Russet


Input: Our issues this Sunday North Korea's Kim Jong - Il defies the world testing long range missiles which one day could deliver nuclear warheads /.

this Sunday

North Korea's

Kim Jong - Il


Input: Can this man be stopped /?


Input: With us from the Bush administration the third ranking official at the state department Ambassador Nicholas Burns The former Assistant Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter of Harvard University's Kennedy school of government The man who led the negotiations for the nineteen ninety four nuclear agreement with North Korea Robert Gallucci Dean of the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University And the former US Ambassador to the United Nations who has visited North Korea five times Governor Bill Richardson of New Mexico /.

Bush

Nicholas Burns

Ashton Carter

Robert Gallucci

Bill Richardson

third

Defense

Harvard University's

Kennedy school of government

the School of Foreign Service

Georgetown University

the United Nations

nineteen ninety four

North Korea

US

North Korea

New Mexico

five


Input: And in our Meet the Press Minute former President Gerald Ford turns ninety three this week /.

Meet the Press Minute

Gerald Ford

ninety three

this week


Input: He last appeared as president on Meet the Press thirty one years ago when he talked about age as a state of mind /.

Meet the Press

thirty one years ago


Input: But first North Korea /.

first

North Korea


Input: on the fourth of July North Korea tested medium and long range +missiles /.

the fourth of July

North Korea


Input: and their nuclear program appears to be full speed ahead /.


Input: What is the Bush administration going to do about it /?

Bush


Input: Here with us the Undersecretary of State Nicholas Burns /.

State

Nicholas Burns


Input: Mr. Ambassador good morning /.

morning


Input: Thank you Tim /.

Tim


Input: good morning /.

morning


Input: Will the United States insist that the United Nations impose sanctions against North Korea /?

the United States

North Korea

the United Nations


Input: Well we are pursuing a very aggressive resolution up in New York at the Security Council /.

New York

the Security Council


Input: and we think we've got the votes to pass that /.


Input: But we're also operating on multiple diplomatic fronts /.


Input: We have our lead negotiator Chris Hill Ambassador Hill in Beijing Seoul and Tokyo this week /.

Chris Hill

Hill

Beijing

Seoul

Tokyo

this week


Input: President Bush and Secretary Rice have been working the phones with uh their counterparts /.

Bush

Rice


Input: And we've also had a very interesting development today /.

today


Input: the Chinese Government is sending tonight to a senior delegation /.

Chinese

tonight


Input: And you know frankly we think it's time for China to use its influence with North Korea /.

China

North Korea


Input: The Chinese have influence certainly more than the United States and the other members of the international community dealing with this problem /.

Chinese

the United States


Input: China now has an opportunity to put its best foot forward, to send the North Koreans a direct message that these missile tests can not be tolerated and the North Koreans now have to come back to the September nineteenth two thousand five agreement and they've got to denuclearize give up their nuclear ambitions and abide by the agreement that they made with the rest of us nearly a year ago /.

China

the North Koreans

the North Koreans

September nineteenth two thousand five

nearly a year ago


Input: But the South Koreans and the Chinese have both said they do not believe there should be sanctions against North Korea /.

the South Koreans

Chinese

North Korea


Input: Will the US absolutely insist that there be sanctions in the UN resolution /?

US

UN


Input: If you look at this UN resolution that's under debate in New York it does /.

UN

New York


Input: it's a chapter seven resolution so it has the effect of compulsory behavior by all the member states /.

chapter seven


Input: It says that what the North Koreans did was a threat to international peace and security /.

the North Koreans


Input: It does ask all member states not to engage in nuclear trade with North Korea /.

North Korea


Input: That strikes us as an obvious point /.


Input: And I think what we have to do we'll see a lot of diplomacy over the next couple of days /.

the next couple of days


Input: we'll have to see how the Chinese and Russians react to this /.

Chinese

Russians


Input: but our view is that the five parties ought to remain united and that the goal of the current diplomacy should be to use the combined leverage of China and Russia's of South Korea Japan and the United States to force the North Koreans back to the negotiating table /.

five

China

Russia

South Korea

Japan

the United States

the North Koreans


Input: That's certainly the best policy for the United States /.

the United States


Input: Force the North Koreans back to the negotiating table /.

the North Koreans


Input: there are many as you know Mister Ambassador who believe the North Koreans did this launch on the fourth of July to get our attention Because they saw the way we were treating Iran differently than we were treating North Korea /.

the North Koreans

the fourth of July

Iran

North Korea


Input: Here's one Nicholas Burns on National Public Radio /.

Nicholas Burns

National Public Radio


Input: With Iran the United States has made an offer /.

Iran

the United States


Input: and that is we are willing to sit down and negotiate with the Iranians assuming and contingent upon their suspension of their nuclear activities at their plant in the in Iran /.

Iranians

Iran


Input: Why not sit down in the same way with North Koreans Say to them stop developing your program /.

North Koreans


Input: and we'll sit down with you one on one /.

one

one


Input: Well Tim we're trying to sit down with the North Koreans in the context of the six party talks /.

Tim

the North Koreans

six


Input: We've been saying for months now that the right step forward is for North Korea to return to these talks /.

months

North Korea


Input: but we really don't see the logic in turning this into a test of wills between two countries the United States and North Korea /.

two

the United States

North Korea


Input: The fact is that China has the same interest as the United States /.

China

the United States


Input: It should have the same interest /.


Input: And that is to stop the North Korea nuclear program /.

North Korea


Input: Our allies Japan and South Korea have the same interests /.

Japan

South Korea


Input: and the Russians do as well /.

Russians


Input: And so we think we're far better off working within the framework of the six party talks because you get in that process the combined leverage the combined strength and frankly the combined pressure on North Korea of all these different countries /.

six

North Korea


Input: I simply don't see why it's in the interest of the United States to get those countries out of the way and only deal with North Korea directly /.

the United States

North Korea


Input: So the problem here is not the lack of discussion between the United States and North Korea /.

the United States

North Korea


Input: We're perfectly willing to sit down with them in that six party environment /.

six


Input: and in that sense it's analogous to what we're trying to do with Iran /.

Iran


Input: Secretary Rice announced about a month ago that should the Iranians meet the condition of suspension of their own nuclear activities we'd be willing to sit down in another multilateral forum /.

Rice

about a month ago

Iranians


Input: and that's with the Europeans and Russians and Chinese /.

Europeans

Russians

Chinese


Input: So really you know the North Korea problem is not a problem just for the United States /.

North Korea

the United States


Input: What they did the other day on July fourth was to disrupt the peace and harmony of their relations with the Asian countries /.

the other day

July fourth

Asian


Input: And the Asian countries want to be involved in these negotiations /.

Asian


Input: Is it the policy of the Bush administration that we'd like to see regime change in North Korea /?

Bush

North Korea


Input: Well this is one of the most despotic regimes in the world /.

one


Input: it's a major human rights violator /.


Input: There's massive famine /.


Input: And certainly we hope for the day will come when those people will live in peace and be governed by a different type of government /.


Input: Uh what we've got to do now of course is focus on the most immediate problem /.


Input: And that problem is nuclear weapons /.


Input: The problem is the ballistic launches of the other day /.

the other day


Input: I think the thing to remember about those launches by the way they were provocative, they were reckless, they were also unsuccessful /.


Input: They fired four scud missiles intermediate range missiles /.

four


Input: They tried to fire the longer range missile the /.


Input: and that was spectacularly unsuccessful /.


Input: It crashed in the sea of Japan /.

the sea of Japan


Input: So we obviously have an opportunity now for diplomacy. And an opportunity to use the combined strength of all these countries to provide some leverage put some leverage against the North Koreans /.

the North Koreans


Input: and that's what we will continue to try to do in the coming days and coming weeks /.

coming days

coming weeks


Input: Will the United States give North Korea security assurances that we will not attack their country or seek to undermine their regime /?

the United States

North Korea


Input: If you look back at this historic agreement that was signed in the six party frameworks on September nineteenth of two thousand five those types of assurances are in that agreement /.

six

September nineteenth of two thousand five


Input: But the North Koreans have obligations /.

the North Koreans


Input: and that is to take down their nuclear program dismantle it dismantle their weapons of mass destruction programs in a verifiable way before all those assurances can go into place /.


Input: All the other elements of the agreement can be put into place /.


Input: And what we've seen since then is we've seen the United States and Russia and China and Japan and South Korea willing to go forward willing to sit down willing to implement this entire agreement that you just referred to Tim /.

the United States

Russia

China

Japan

South Korea

Tim


Input: but we see the North Koreans walking away from it /.

the North Koreans


Input: So we've got to be very persistent and frankly very tough in combining with these other countries to pressure the North Koreans to live up to their commitments /.

the North Koreans


Input: But we would be willing to give North Korea increased economic aid perhaps light nuclear reactors for peaceful means and security assurance if in fact they sat down and negotiated /?

North Korea


Input: The North Koreans know what's in the September nineteenth agreement /.

The North Koreans

September nineteenth


Input: and it's very specific about what the United States is willing to do uh to take a step forward towards them should they dismantle all their nuclear programs and their weapons of mass destruction /.

the United States


Input: But they've got responsibilities in this agreement /.


Input: and no agreement is whole until both sides meet their agreement /.


Input: And what we've seen Tim especially on July Fourth is the North Koreans in outright violation of the agreement that we made with them last September /.

July Fourth

last September

the North Koreans


Input: Why do you think the North Koreans chose July Fourth /?

the North Koreans

July Fourth


Input: Oh I don't think it was coincidental /.


Input: You know it's a very unreliable and unpredictable regime /.


Input: The last thing we want to do is react to every wild statement that they make /.


Input: but they certainly chose that to get our attention and that of the international community /.


Input: Uh but what they've got to realize is there is no magic bullet here /.


Input: They can't just think that they can sit down with the United States alone /.

the United States


Input: That doesn't work for Japan /.

Japan


Input: it doesn't work with South Korea /.

South Korea


Input: and frankly it doesn't work with the Chinese /.

Chinese


Input: So I said before that one of the most interesting developments here is this Chinese delegation going to /.

Chinese


Input: And Chris Hill our ambassador was in China a few days ago /.

Chris Hill

China

a few days ago


Input: he made the point and Secretary Rice made the point yesterday to the Chinese Foreign minister, we want to see China use its influence /.

Rice

Chinese

China


Input: We want to see China push forward and ask the North Koreans to meet these commitments that they've made to all of us /.

China

the North Koreans


Input: Speaker Newt Gingrich the former speaker Republican weighed in on this debate in this way /.

Newt Gingrich

Republican


Input: he offered this /.


Input: The time to replace the state department's failed North Korea strategy of talk forever, act never has come /.

North Korea


Input: For thirteen years the United States has talked loudly about a North Korea nuclear weapons and ballistic missile threat /.

thirteen years

the United States

North Korea


Input: For thirteen years the North Korean dictatorship has lied and hunkered down and continued to build nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles /.

thirteen years

North Korean


Input: The strategy of talking has failed /.


Input: America's actions must be decisive or faced with a brutal totalitarian dictatorship about which we know little /.

America


Input: It is acting in defiance of all its own international commitments /.


Input: But the time for talk is over /.


Input: either they dismantle the missile /.


Input: or we the United States should dismantle it /.

the United States


Input: Well uh with all due respect to Speaker Gingrich we are on a course which has a reasonable chance of success /.

Gingrich


Input: And you never want to disavow a diplomatic track a negotiating track if you think you can resolve the problem in that fashion /.


Input: And as I said before we are not alone in this endeavor /.


Input: we have countries united with us who can apply the same type of pressure /.


Input: I will say this what the North Koreans have done over the past week is going to give a lot of strength in our efforts to develop a missile defense system /.

the North Koreans

the past week


Input: You've seen very strong statements by the Japanese government wanting to work with us in that realm /.

Japanese


Input: So obviously we're going to pursue a very tough very decisive policy over the coming weeks designed to focus the North Koreans on their obligations To pressure them to come back to the talks But also certainly to provide for our own defense and the defense of our treaty allies in Asia /.

the coming weeks

the North Koreans

Asia


Input: And I think you'll see us move ahead smartly in that direction as well /.


Input: Uh Mister Ambassador many critics will say the six years George Bush has been president North Korea's program has developed rather dramatically That the policy at first of isolation and then the six party talk just hasn't worked /.

the six years

George Bush

North Korea's

first

six


Input: Here's the latest study from the Institute for Science and International Security /.

the Institute for Science and International Security


Input: They estimated a report that North Korea has enough separated plutonium to develop now an arsenal of four to thirteen nuclear weapons compared with estimates of just one or two weapons in two thousand when George bush became president /.

North Korea

four to thirteen

just one or two

two thousand

George bush


Input: The group says that by two thousand eight North Korea could have enough plutonium for eight to seventeen nuclear weapons /.

two thousand eight

North Korea

eight to seventeen


Input: The group's assessment based on analysis of satellite imagery media reports and statements by North Korean officials which lead Nick Everstat a conservative critic from the American Enterprise Institute these are not Democrats /-

North Korean

Democrats

Nick Everstat

the American Enterprise Institute


Input: he offered this /.


Input: although the Bush administration's rhetoric about Kim Jong - Il and his regime has sometimes seemed ferocious North Korea's leaders seem to have concluded that the Bush North Korea policy consists mainly of empty words and that oft repeated warning need not be taken terribly seriously /.

Bush

Kim Jong - Il

Bush

North Korea's

North Korea


Input: By more than one criteria indeed strategic successes on the Bush watch outshine those from its during the Clinton years /.

one

Bush

Clinton


Input: Would you acknowledge a significant increase in the nuclear capability by North Korea on the watch of President Bush /?

North Korea

Bush


Input: Tim um obviously we profoundly disagree with um some of the statements that we've just heard /.

Tim


Input: Eh you know we've got a very strong military force and deterrent force at work in Asia and particularly on the Korean peninsula /.

Asia

the Korean peninsula


Input: And that military can handle any contingency that should arise /.


Input: We also have a very tough policy and I think forward looking policy to develop missile defense to handle those contingencies /.


Input: But you've got to combine military measures with diplomacy to be effective in a situation like this /.


Input: The fact is that a lot of this criticism seems to direct the United States back to a test of wills bilaterally between North Korea and the United States /.

the United States

North Korea

the United States


Input: What we want to do is we want to ask countries that do have a great deal of influence on North Korea certainly more than we have to use that influence /.

North Korea


Input: We can do that by channeling those efforts through the six party framework /.

six


Input: And you know diplomacy sometimes can't succeed in a day or two or a week or two /.

a day or two

a week or two


Input: Sometimes it takes many months or even years to succeed /.

many months

years


Input: But if you have the right policy in place, if you know what you're trying to accomplish and if you're very tough - minded about applying that policy we can be successful /.


Input: So we have not given up hope that we can engineer a policy that will effectively put the North Koreans back in the box take away their nuclear programs and take away their ability to inflict threats and damage on their neighbors /.

the North Koreans


Input: We have got to be single - minded about this /.


Input: we certainly understand the gravity of a challenge posed by North Korea /.

North Korea


Input: but frankly I don't think these critics have offered any alternative that would have a reasonable prospect of success or lead us to unintended consequences uh if you went down the road that some of them are suggesting /.


Input: And we think we've got the right policy in place /.


Input: and I can assure you we're going to drive with a great deal of energy and determination /.


Input: But you do not deny that North Korea's nuclear capability has increased during the presidency of George Bush /?

North Korea's

George Bush


Input: Well North Korea says that it has a nuclear weapons capability /.

North Korea


Input: and we believe that it has produced that over the last several years /.

the last several years


Input: and that's why we've put in place this policy designed to take it away from them /.


Input: And if we can have the September nineteenth two thousand five agreement implemented it will do just that /.

September nineteenth two thousand five


Input: It will effectively de-nuclearize North Korea /.

North Korea


Input: And so that is a good bet for the United States /.

the United States


Input: It's obviously the goal that I think all these critics that you cite would share /.


Input: But we think we've got a much more realistic in the real world strategy put in place to deal with that problem /.


Input: But there has been a profound change in the rhetoric certainly of the President on this subject /.


Input: Here's the President Friday at this news conference in Chicago about North Korea /.

Friday

Chicago

North Korea


Input: It takes a while for a problem to fester and grow /.


Input: and then it takes a while to solve them diplomatically /.


Input: It just's the nature of diplomacy /.


Input: Wish we could solve them overnight /.

overnight


Input: And let me go back to January of two thousand two in the President's axis of evil speech before congress /.

January of two thousand two

congress


Input: Let's watch /.


Input: North Korea has a regime arming with missiles and weapons of mass destruction While starving its citizens /.

North Korea


Input: States like these and their terrorist allies constitute an axis of evil arming to threaten the peace of the world /.


Input: By seeking weapons of mass destruction these regimes pose a grave and growing danger /.


Input: We'll be deliberate /.


Input: yet time is not on our side /.


Input: I will not wait on events while dangers gather /.


Input: I will not stand by as peril draws closer and closer /.


Input: The United States of America will not permit the world's most dangerous regimes to threaten us with the world's most destructive weapons /.

The United States of America


Input: Since the President uttered those words Mister Ambassador every estimate is that North Korea has doubled its capacity to develop nuclear weapons /.

North Korea


Input: And yet we've driven forward with this policy designed to respond to all the things the President talked about back in two thousand two /.

two thousand two


Input: But he has been very consistent since then in putting forward the proposition that we have to oppose the human rights abuses of the government /.


Input: We have to try to draw a net around the fact that North Korea is the leading exporter of ballistic missile technology around the world The proliferator of it /.

North Korea


Input: we've done a lot to develop missile defense /.


Input: And we've created and driven forward this diplomatic coalition designed to bring us to a victory in denying North Korea the nuclear weaponry that you talk about /.

North Korea


Input: So we have been very activist /.


Input: We have followed this policy for a number of years /.

a number of years


Input: Uh the President is right /.


Input: And as I said before diplomacy can't be measured in a snapshot /.


Input: You can't just say in a Sunday morning in July that somehow because we haven't come to the end of negotiations these negotiations are bound to fail /.

a Sunday morning

July


Input: You've got to be very purposeful and directed in what you're trying to do and apply the weight of your country and that of others to the test /.


Input: And that's what we're doing /.


Input: We have not given up on this quest to come to the end of these negotiations and put the North Koreans back into a place where they can no longer be a threat to their neighbors or to the United States /.

the North Koreans

the United States


Input: But again it's the tone and the rhetoric /.


Input: Let me go back and review some of the things the President has said about Kim Jong - Il of North Korea /.

Kim Jong - Il

North Korea


Input: I loathe Kim Jong - Il /.

Kim Jong - Il


Input: I got a visceral reaction to this guy /.


Input: And then in two thousand four there's a tyrant in North Korea that wants to develop a nuclear weapon /.

two thousand four

North Korea


Input: And then this in two thousand two /.

two thousand two


Input: the President called him a pygmy And compared him to a spoiled child at a dinner table /.


Input: Does the President still believe that Kim Jong - Il is a tyrant a pygmy and a spoiled child /.

Kim Jong - Il


Input: Kim Jong - Il is a despot /.

Kim Jong - Il


Input: And he is someone who is one of the worst offenders of human rights all over the world /.


Input: Uh these missile tests the other day were certainly reckless /.

the other day


Input: They were provocative /.


Input: And so uh we haven't changed our opinion of the nature of the regime in North Korea /.

North Korea


Input: No one in our government has /.


Input: We are very clear - eyed about who they are, what they represent, how much they've denied their own people the basic human rights that people should have around the world /.


Input: And we're focused on this nuclear question as well /.


Input: So I think there's been a lot of continuity over American policy both in the substance of the policy and in the way we've talked about North Korea over the last several years /.

American

North Korea

the last several years


Input: And uh we're determined to press ahead /.


Input: When the president talked about the axis of evil he said Iraq North Korea and Iran /.

Iraq

North Korea

Iran


Input: The United States invaded one of those countries Iraq /.

The United States

Iraq

one


Input: Some now make the case that Iran and North Korea took from that the following lesson that if you develop a nuclear bomb and have a strong military you will not be invaded by the US /.

Iran

North Korea

US


Input: And both of those countries have clearly miscalculated their own situation /.


Input: Now the North Koreans felt I guess that by testing these ballistic missiles they would somehow put themselves in a position of greater weight in the negotiations /.

the North Koreans


Input: They've miscalculated because you've seen very tough statements from the Chinese and the Russians and the South Koreans and the Japanese against what they've done /.

Chinese

Russians

the South Koreans

Japanese


Input: and you see momentum building in the UN security council toward a very tough chapter seven resolution against them /.

UN

chapter seven


Input: The Iranians have miscalculated /.

Iranians


Input: They thought that they could divide the United States from both our European allies and from Russia and China /.

the United States

Russia

China

European


Input: But we've been able to craft a major and united coalition of all those countries /.


Input: And we've essentially given the Iranians a clear choice /.

Iranians


Input: And you'll see a lot of this unfold this week both in Europe when Secretary Rice meets with her counterparts on Wednesday at the GA summit in St. Petersburgh At the end of the week when the president is there /.

this week

Wednesday

the end of the week

Europe

Rice

St. Petersburgh


Input: the Iranians are going to have to choose /.

Iranians


Input: Negotiations with us after they suspend their nuclear programs or further action in the Security Council /.

the Security Council


Input: So I don't think either of these countries is on the offensive /.


Input: Frankly I think both of these countries are rather cornered and isolated /.


Input: There are very few countries defending them /.


Input: and they're running out of options /.


Input: So we think this policy of patient diplomacy and of crafting multilateral coalitions to tighten the pressure around them is going to work /.


Input: And it's the right way to go clearly for the United States /.

the United States


Input: we want to exhaust diplomatic means before we consider other means /.


Input: Based on our experience in Iraq particularly with our emphasis on the weapons of mass destruction that did not materialize John Deutch the former head of the CIA offered this observation /.

Iraq

John Deutch

CIA


Input: the next time military intervention is judged necessary to combat the spread of weapons of mass destruction for example North Korea there will be skepticism about the quality of our intelligence /.

North Korea


Input: Do you agree with that /?


Input: I don't /.


Input: not in the case of North Korea not in the case of Iran /.

North Korea

Iran


Input: Tim I've been to Europe twenty times over the last fourteen months to talk to the Europeans and the Russians and Chinese about Iran for instance /.

Tim

Europe

twenty

the last fourteen months

Europeans

Russians

Chinese

Iran


Input: There's not a single person at the higher levels of those government who doesn't believe Iran is trying to create a nuclear weapons capability /.

Iran


Input: There isn't a single person in the governments of China or Russia or South Korea or Japan who doesn't believe that North Korea is bent on building up its nuclear capability /.

China

Russia

South Korea

Japan

North Korea


Input: There is no argument in the real world today about what these two countries Iran and North Korea are trying to do /.

today

two

Iran

North Korea


Input: There is no argument remotely similar to what we went through in two thousand and two and three with our European allies over Iraq /.

two thousand and two and three

European

Iraq


Input: In fact we are now tightly knit up with these countries /.


Input: And if you look at what the French German and British governments are saying as well as the Russian and Chinese governments about whether or not these countries are intending to create a nuclear weapons capability they agree with our assessment /.

French

German

British

Russian

Chinese


Input: So I don't agree at all that we're somehow limited in what we can do and limited in our effectiveness because of the disagreements that we had over WMD in Iraq /.

Iraq


Input: Let me conclude with comments by Bill Crystal the editor of Weekly Standard /.

Bill Crystal

Weekly Standard


Input: he used to work for Vice President Dan Quail /.

Dan Quail


Input: North Korea is firing missiles /.

North Korea


Input: Iran is going nuclear /.

Iran


Input: Somalia is controlled by radical Islamists /.

Somalia

Islamists


Input: Iraq isn't getting better /.

Iraq


Input: and Afghanistan is getting worse /.

Afghanistan


Input: I give the President a lot of credit for hanging tough on Iraq /.

Iraq


Input: but I am worried that it has made them too passive in confronting the other threats /.


Input: Have a preoccupation with Iraq allowed North Korea and Iran to go forward with their nuclear programs and limited our options /?

Iraq

North Korea

Iran


Input: Well I strongly disagree with that criticism from Bill Crystal /.

Bill Crystal


Input: And I disagree for one reason /.

one


Input: We have a very strong and active government /.


Input: from the Pentagon from the State Department the White House Treasury we are focused on all these problems /.

Pentagon

the State Department

the White House

Treasury


Input: We created over the last fifteen months a major international coalition to corner the Iranian government And to isolate them /.

the last fifteen months

Iranian


Input: And that's been a diplomatic success over the last several months /.

the last several months


Input: We've now got this six party talk framework we hope coming back together /.

six


Input: and certainly the five countries are united /.

five


Input: Uh Secretary Rumsfeld was in Afghanistan this morning /.

Rumsfeld

Afghanistan

this morning


Input: and Secretary Rice was there ten days ago /.

Rice

ten days ago


Input: and we're giving that government president government all the support it can get /.


Input: We are a government that can operate /.


Input: and we have to operate in every part of the world /.


Input: We're a global superpower /.


Input: We have tremendous resources at our disposal /.


Input: and frankly we've got a first class military and a first class diplomatic effort /.


Input: and we can certainly take on all these issues and be successful simultaneously /.


Input: And we will be watching /.


Input: Ambassador Nicholas Burns we thank you for sharing your views /.

Nicholas Burns


Input: Thanks Tim /.

Tim


Input: Coming next the view of three former Clinton Administration officials who spent years dealing with the North Korea problem former Assistant Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter chief State Department negotiator now at the Georgetown University Robert Gallucci And former US ambassador to the UN now Governor of New Mexico Bill Richardson /.

three

Clinton

Ashton Carter

Robert Gallucci

Bill Richardson

North Korea

US

New Mexico

Defense

State Department

the Georgetown University

UN


Input: They are all right here next only on Meet The Press /.

Meet The Press


Input: And we are back /.


Input: Welcome all /.


Input: Governor Richardson should the United States negotiate directly one on one with North Korea /?

Richardson

the United States

North Korea

one

one


Input: Yes it should /.


Input: Uh our policy so far is not working /.


Input: Uh what you have is North Korea has quadrupled its enriched plutonium since two thousand and two /.

North Korea

two thousand and two


Input: Uh the six party talks are going nowhere /.

six


Input: We should talk directly to the North Koreans to discuss what is next /.

the North Koreans


Input: They need to dismantle their nuclear weapons /.


Input: they need to destroy their missile capability /.


Input: The only way to do that in my judgment is face to face talks at a level of Christopher Hill /.

Christopher Hill


Input: He is a competent diplomat /.


Input: Uh the successes we've had with the North Koreans have been through direct engagement When I got some pilots out of North Korea When Bob Gallucci negotiated the agreed framework /.

the North Koreans

North Korea

Bob Gallucci


Input: Secretary Albright close to having an agreement on reducing or terminating their missiles /.

Albright


Input: What North Korea is seeing right now is Iran getting a nuclear reactor /.

North Korea

Iran


Input: They see Iran getting a nuclear fuel cycle that is assured economic incentives /.

Iran


Input: On the other hand what they want to see is treated with respect direct talks with the United States /.

the United States


Input: But also they want to see an effort by the United States to give them the recognition that they feel they deserve /.

the United States


Input: I don't believe they do /.


Input: They are a desolate isolated regime /.


Input: But right now our policy is not working /.


Input: It makes sense to talk directly with North Korea /.

North Korea


Input: But wouldn't the world then say oh I see /.


Input: you test a missile on the fourth of July /.

the fourth of July


Input: you get the US attention /.

US


Input: and you bring them to the bargaining table /.


Input: Our policy right now does not work /.


Input: Look where we are right now /.


Input: Uh Asia is destabilized /.

Asia


Input: We are trying to outsource our foreign policy to China /.

China


Input: I believe China is not necessarily interested in helping us on North Korea /.

China

North Korea


Input: They don't want to see a bunch of refugees go into their country /.


Input: I believe that China is a competitor /.

China


Input: They control a lot of our debt /.


Input: Right now we do not have leverage over China /.

China


Input: The best effort in my judgment is face to face talks /.


Input: Hard negotiating /.


Input: Get that agreement that was uh signed in September that North Korea has not abided to /.

September

North Korea


Input: A time table for North Korea to dismantle its nuclear weapons /.

North Korea


Input: Efforts to set up bench marks in exchange for that armistice agreement where we don't attack North Korea /.

North Korea


Input: They get economic assistance /.


Input: But our objective should be firm /.


Input: To get them to dismantle their nuclear weapons /.


Input: The best way to do it is face to face talks /.


Input: If the President now changed his course won't the headlines be Bush blinks /?

Bush


Input: No /.


Input: I believe the headlines would be Bush deals realistically with North Korea /.

Bush

North Korea


Input: He reverses a policy that is not working /.


Input: Ambassador Gallucci do you agree with that /?

Gallucci


Input: Just about entirely /.


Input: uh I have nothing against the idea of the six party talks something Nick pounded on /.

six

Nick


Input: Uh uh the virtue of having all these parties in Asia engaged that's /-

Asia


Input: it's true /.


Input: it is their problem as well as ours /.


Input: But the fact is it hasn't worked /.


Input: And to make the form more important than a substance To care more about whether we have six parties meeting together than whether we stop the accumulation of plutonium is absurd in my view /.

six


Input: You'd have some conditions /.


Input: you had said prior to the missile test that if they took that missile off the launch pad you'd negotiate face to face /.


Input: Now that they've launched it would you have any conditions before you went back to the table one on one /?

one

one


Input: This is kind of a rule I think that you really try hard not to negotiate with a gun or missile to your head /.


Input: And I think a decent interval now and some work at the United Nations is the appropriate thing to do /.

the United Nations


Input: But I think we're taking a view from thirty thousand feet right now /.

thirty thousand feet


Input: what should the administration do /?


Input: It needs to find a way to get back to the negotiating table /.


Input: And the fact that you may get a headline like the President is reversing course as indeed we have in the case of Iran that's not so bad if you find you're on the wrong course /.

Iran


Input: and we have been /.


Input: Ashton Carter do you agree there should be one on one direct negotiations between North Korea and the US /?

Ashton Carter

one

one

North Korea

US


Input: No I actually think the six party talks is a perfectly appropriate forum including for us to speak directly to the North Koreans if others are at the table /.

six

the North Koreans


Input: Let's go back to the logic of the six party talks in the first place /.

six

first


Input: The reason to have everybody at the table with the North Koreans is not only that they have a stake in the outcome as well but uh in dealing with North Korea diplomacy has to have a coercive dimension /.

the North Koreans

North Korea


Input: And we don't trade with North Korea /.

North Korea


Input: we don't recognize North Korea diplomatically /.

North Korea


Input: uh there's almost nothing we can do short of military action to apply pressure to North Korea /.

North Korea


Input: We're capable of military action /.


Input: and it's important that that be an ingredient of course in diplomacy /.


Input: But the real levers on Kim Jong - Il are the Chinese and the South Koreans /.

Kim Jong - Il

Chinese

the South Koreans


Input: It is they who essentially support the regime economically and politically /.


Input: But makes sense to have them at the table /.


Input: The six party talks I totally agree with my colleagues here have produced nothing so far except a quadrupling of the amount of plutonium as ambassador Richardson said um in North Korean hands and now missile launches /.

six

Richardson

North Korean


Input: So they've been running wild for three years or so /.

three years or so


Input: Um the reason for that /-


Input: there's a lot of blame to go around /.


Input: you have to start with the North Koreans and their own intransigence /.

the North Koreans


Input: The Chinese and the South Koreans have not done everything that they should /.

Chinese

the South Koreans


Input: uh they've shown the carrots /.


Input: they've been unwilling to show the sticks that they can also wield /.


Input: I think on our side um it matters less who else is at the table than that we have our own wits about us as we sit down with the North Koreans /.

the North Koreans


Input: And our government I believe has been divided over the last few years as the six party talks between two camps /.

the last few years

six

two


Input: One camp which believes that we have to give diplomacy a try and is earnest about pursuing diplomacy with North Korea /.

One

North Korea


Input: But there's another camp uh in this country and I think represented in the government that believes that negotiating with the North Koreans is a fools game or is even immoral because of the nature of the regime /.

the North Koreans


Input: I don't agree with that view because I think it's more immoral to let North Korea go nuclear than to try to reach a deal with North Korea /.

North Korea

North Korea


Input: But we have been of two minds /.

two


Input: and therefore I don't think we at the table has been as effective as we might have been /.


Input: you showed some of that ambivalence in the earlier part of your segment where you see the US government saying one thing at one time and another thing at the other times /.

US

one

one


Input: Though it's important that we get our story straight /.


Input: and that's more important than who else is at the table /.


Input: You had advocated several weeks ago a preemptive military strike on the missile that was about to be tested /.

several weeks ago


Input: Many criticize that as belligerent /.


Input: and perhaps could even trigger a North Korea response against South Korea or against Japan /.

North Korea

South Korea

Japan


Input: who knows /.


Input: In hindsight do you still stand by that preemptive military strike /?


Input: Well I do /.


Input: and I want to put that in some context /.


Input: By the way I would say we should have that same position today That is if the North Koreans go out to the launch pad and erect that missile and prepare to launch it we can destroy that uh before they can do it /.

the North Koreans


Input: To do so would be a very limited military action a single bomb a single cruise missile /.


Input: the north Koreans aren't going to start a war in response uh to that kind of action /.

the north Koreans


Input: And to those that think that's too much I can only say where are you going to draw a line in the sand with North Korea /?

North Korea


Input: At some point we have to draw a line in the sand and defend it /.


Input: We say things are intolerable /.


Input: we say they're unacceptable /.


Input: and then we tolerate and accept /.


Input: former Secretary of Defense Bill Perry and I thought long and hard about this /.

Defense

Bill Perry


Input: and we thought that this was a relatively nonprovocative way to draw a line in the sand with North Koreans /.

North Koreans


Input: Now I have to emphasize there's risk in inaction also /.


Input: you may say there's risk in this action /.


Input: but I have to emphasize there's risk in inaction as well letting North Korea go nuclear /.

North Korea


Input: Governor Richardson well how do you think the North Koreans would react if we took out their test missile /?

Richardson

the North Koreans


Input: Well I respectfully disagree with Assistant Secretary Carter there /.

Carter


Input: But at least he's got a new idea which the administration does not put forth /.


Input: I think if we are seriously attacked or threatened, that missile which was a test was geared to the United States or to our allies we have allied responsibilities with South Korea or Japan /. /.

the United States

South Korea

Japan


Input: Uh you do take that step /.


Input: but the fact is that you risk uh the uh North Koreans shooting missiles at South Korea /.

North Koreans

South Korea


Input: and we've got thirty seven thousand American forces at the DMZ /.

thirty seven thousand

American


Input: Uh but Tim I think another reason for the face to face talks is that there're two issues that are separate from the six party talks that are a serious grievance in our relationship /.

Tim

two

six


Input: one is the fact that we have frozen financial assets of the North Koreans /.

one

the North Koreans


Input: I believe rightly so /.


Input: but that is a separate bilateral issue /.


Input: The second is our objection to dealing with North Koreans' request for a light water reactor Which I believe has bogged down the six party talks /.

second

North Koreans'

six


Input: Which by the way I believe you could have a separate bilateral face to face negotiation with the United States and also continue the efforts with the six party talks because it is the South Koreans and the Japanese that are providing financial and fuel incentives /.

the United States

six

the South Koreans

Japanese


Input: So you can't cut them out /.


Input: but I think it's essential to have face to *face private bilateral talks between United States and North Korea /.

United States

North Korea


Input: But in the end it's a judgment of North Korean intentions /.

North Korean


Input: You'd been there five times /.

five


Input: you know them /.


Input: and yet a few weeks before the missile launch you said I don't think they're going to test /.

a few weeks


Input: And they did /.


Input: No Tim I said I believe that they were going to test /.

Tim


Input: I did say that /.


Input: And what I sense in my negotiations in dealing with North Koreans /-

North Koreans


Input: You said as days go by I don't believe they're going to do it /.

days


Input: But early on I said that they did on CBS /.

CBS


Input: Uh my point is that when you deal with North Korea you're not dealing with individuals like you and me /.

North Korea


Input: Don't believe in compromise /.


Input: they believe in their only way or the highway /.


Input: Their view is that their cause is right /.


Input: and they're going to wait you out /.


Input: So they're totally unpredictable /.


Input: and I believe the only way to deal with them and we have shown that effectively in past dealings with the Clinton Administration is direct engagement To get them to curb their nuclear weapons as Bob Gallucci did /.

Clinton

Bob Gallucci


Input: Secretary Albright almost got a missile agreement /.

Albright


Input: Uh Jimmy Carter got uh an agreement which was later violated regrettably with the father Kim Jong - Il /.

Jimmy Carter

Kim Jong - Il


Input: My point is that face to face discussions with the United States directly I believe is a precursor /.

the United States


Input: the continuation of the six party talks is the best way to go /.

six


Input: But do they keep their word /?


Input: Here's Madeline Albright toasting Kim Jong - Il in North Korea October of two thousand /.

Madeline Albright

Kim Jong - Il

North Korea

October of two thousand


Input: She appeared on this program four years later /.

four years later


Input: and this was our exchange /.


Input: But didn't North Korea develop a nuclear bomb on Bill Clinton's watch /?

North Korea

Bill Clinton's


Input: No what they were doing uh as it turns out, they were cheating /.


Input: and the reason that you have arms control agreements is that you don't make them with your friends, you make them with your enemies /.


Input: and it is the process that is required to hold uh countries accountable /.


Input: Ambassador Gallucci you negotiated that ninety four agreement /.

Gallucci

ninety four


Input: The North Koreans stopped processing in one plant if you will /.

The North Koreans

one


Input: but we later found out that at the same time they were making uranium in another plant /.


Input: Not actually /.


Input: No that's not what we found out /.


Input: What happened was we did do a deal /.


Input: We did stop a uh plutonium based pro-nuclear weapons program /.


Input: We made sure that eight thousand fuel rods containing around thirty kilograms enough for five nuclear weapons worth of plutonium stayed in a storage pond /.

eight thousand

five

around thirty kilograms


Input: And the deal would have had the North Koreans end their nuclear weapons program /.

the North Koreans


Input: We think they started cheating in the late nineties by getting some gas centrifuge equipment from Pakistan /.

the late nineties

Pakistan


Input: We don't know a lot about that where it is whether the equipment has been put together /.


Input: We think over a period of time they'll do what the Pakistanis did, what the Iranians appear to be wanting to do and put together this gas centrifuge /.

Pakistanis

Iranians


Input: But they never got there yet /.


Input: Or we don't think they've gotten there yet /.


Input: But they broke their word /.


Input: They absolutely cheated /.


Input: There's no question about that /.


Input: But really you ought to be clear here what's happened /.


Input: There was a nuclear weapons program that was stopped /.


Input: Plutonium production was stopped /.


Input: Right /.


Input: And afterwards tragically I believe that agreement which locked them up was allowed to collapse /.


Input: And we find ourselves now with the North Koreans accumulating plutonium a bomb's worth a year /.

the North Koreans


Input: And freed up that plutonium that was um controlled for that period of time /.


Input: And they say they've used it to make bombs /.


Input: we'd have to estimate about five more /.

five


Input: And with each passing day I would argue to you more important than that missile that Ash would take out on the gantry if it turns up again with each passing day we're going to find ourselves more and more closer than we were before to the day where that material could be transferred or sold to Al - Queda Presenting a threat far greater than the threat that is posed to us by nuclear weapons aboard ballistic missiles /.

each passing day

the day

Ash


Input: We can deter a country with ballistic missiles /.


Input: We know the return address /.


Input: We do /.


Input: But with a terrorist unconventional delivery your national missile defense will not be very good against United Airlines or American Airlines Or a bus or a truck /.

United Airlines

American Airlines


Input: And deterrents doesn't work terribly well when an enemy values your death more than his life /.


Input: So no defense no deterrents /.


Input: we need to lock up the nuclear program /.


Input: You would not care about the ballistic missile program if they did not have the nuclear weapons program /.


Input: But you can have all the agreements you want /.


Input: if they're going to cheat what good are they /?


Input: Madeline Albright essentially had it correct in my view /.

Madeline Albright


Input: You make a deal /.


Input: Nobody did that deal in ninety four thinking we were trusting North Koreans /.

ninety four

North Koreans


Input: We had some transparency a measure of it /.


Input: and you verify /.


Input: We caught them cheating /.


Input: You might make another deal /.


Input: I think you should /.


Input: You ask the question you make another deal are you better off with the deal /.


Input: or are you better off without it /?


Input: If the answer to the former is yes you do the deal /.


Input: You don't +ask I think the simple question have they fooled us before /.


Input: then don't let them fool us again /.


Input: I don't believe that's the way you proceed in international affairs /.


Input: It asks a very tough question about the national security /.


Input: should we do this /?


Input: Is it better for us /?


Input: Ask for more transparency /.


Input: Insist on it /.


Input: Be tough in the negotiations Not in the formality of whether it's six parties or it's bilateral /.

six


Input: Let me show you all two presidents Bill Clinton back in nineteen ninety three George Bush ten years later talking to the North Koreans in effect /.

two

Bill Clinton

George Bush

nineteen ninety three

ten years later

the North Koreans


Input: And I'm asking you to put your mind in place of a North Korean watching this /.

a North Korean


Input: President Clinton President Bush /.

Clinton

Bush


Input: North Korea can not be allowed to develop a nuclear bomb /.

North Korea


Input: We had to be very firm about it /.


Input: We will not tolerate nuclear weapons in North Korea /.

North Korea


Input: Ash Carter both presidents making very firm resolved statements /.

Ash Carter


Input: if you're in North Korean watching that knowing that you now have the potential of building eight nuclear bombs what are you thinking /?

North Korean

eight


Input: Well I'm concerned that they're thinking that we're giving a new meaning to the word intolerable Because they keep doing things that we say are intolerable and then we tolerate them /.


Input: That's why I think at some point you have to draw the line with the North Koreans /.

the North Koreans


Input: I do think and here I agree with both of the other gentlemen you have on the show who have shown it's possible to reach an agreement with North Korea and to get agreements that serve our interests The much maligned agreed framework as Bob Galluci pointed out without that agreed framework North Korea by all the calculations of the experts would now have fifty nuclear weapons /.

North Korea

North Korea

Bob Galluci

fifty


Input: So we were better off with the agreement than without it /.


Input: It is possible to reach agreement with the North Koreans But not when they see the kind of footage that you uh showed Which is uh uh uh Americans drawing a line in the sand and then stepping back from that line And drawing a line in the sand and then stepping back /.

the North Koreans

Americans


Input: I think our diplomacy has to have carrots in it but it has to stand somewhere /.


Input: and as I suggested earlier I think the missile tests are a good place to take a stand /.


Input: Governor Richardson draw a line in the stand and step back /.

Richardson


Input: the North Koreans watch that /.

the North Koreans


Input: they observe that /.


Input: they know what their own has been /.


Input: How do you have any strength in negotiating with people like that /?


Input: The North Koreans in my dealings with them they care more about form than they do substance /.

The North Koreans


Input: In your earlier segment you showed president Bush calling him a tyrant /.

Bush


Input: But then later he called him Mister Kim Jong - Il /.

Kim Jong - Il


Input: I was in North Korea when that happened /.

North Korea


Input: The North Koreans were delighted because they felt they'd been treated with respect /.

The North Koreans


Input: They care deeply about protocol /.


Input: And this is another reason why I think for a relatively cheap price a face to face negotiation at the level of Chris Hill who again is very competent I believe would set the stage for a final agreement at the six party talks Which is essential Which is basically a good agreement /.

Chris Hill

six


Input: In exchange for North Korea dismantling its nuclear weapons its missiles they get an armistice agreement where they are not attacked /.

North Korea


Input: they get food fuel energy assistance /.


Input: Security assurances we will not topple their regime /.


Input: That's right /.


Input: yeah that's right /.


Input: that's in that September agreement that Chris Hill negotiated /.

September

Chris Hill


Input: My point is if it's just going to be a face to face meeting that serves as a precursor that also deals with this frozen assets issue which has directly hit the North Korean regime cause it controls the foreign expenditures of Kim Jong - Il and you deal with this light water reactor especially now after we've promised it to Iran and economic incentives to Iran I think the timing is right for this new stage of direct negotiation /.

North Korean

Kim Jong - Il

Iran

Iran


Input: Ambassador Galluci based on your experience do you believe the North Koreans would give up their nuclear program give up their nuclear bombs which they believe in their mind is an insurance policy against an American invasion for economic assistance light water reactors /?

Galluci

the North Koreans

American


Input: At the end of the day I don't know /.


Input: Um but that leaves me to conclude since I really don't know that it's a good idea to find out /.


Input: It's a good idea it was in nineteen ninety four to do a deal with the North that required them to give up the program /.

nineteen ninety four

the North


Input: We did that /.


Input: and for a period of years we were in a position to monitor that closely /.

a period of years


Input: and they did give it up /.


Input: Indeed you can make an argument that while the centrifuge program with the Pakistanis is clearly cheating wasn't yet a genuine nuclear weapons program hadn't produced anything and probably still hasn't produced anything /.

Pakistanis


Input: So you have the possibility if the North Koreans are thinking the way they may be thinking that they need one or the other, they need either nuclear weapons to deter the United States from regime change or they need a relationship with us that makes it unnecessary for them to have nuclear weapons /.

the North Koreans

one

the United States


Input: The only way to find out whether they'll ultimately give up those weapons is to do a deal /.


Input: We hear so much talk about Kim Jong - Il tyrant spoiled child /.

Kim Jong - Il


Input: others have said madman /.


Input: you've been in that country five times /.

five


Input: who is he /?


Input: What is he /?


Input: Well I've never met him /.


Input: I met the number two in command /.

the number two


Input: He is the entire nation /.


Input: he is basically a cult of personality /.


Input: He runs everything /.


Input: He knows everything that's happening /.


Input: All power flows through him /.


Input: Uh what that causes unfortunately is an isolated North Korea /.

North Korea


Input: His people are in terrible shape economically /.


Input: I been there five times /.

five