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mnsm92
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[ { "content": "the pioneering work of weinberg @xcite launched the basis for the effective field theory ( eft ) of nuclear forces starting from the expansion of an effective chiral lagrangian . \n it gives a nucleon - nucleon ( nn ) interaction which is , in leading order , the one - pion - exchange potential (...
[ { "content": "the discovery of iron - based superconductors @xcite has triggered great interests in the field of condensed matter physics . \n a lot of theoretical and experimental works suggest complicated fermi surfaces and unconventional pairing mechanism@xcite . \n there is a common issue between the iron ...
[ { "content": "recent discoveries have underlined a key role of astrophysics in the study of nature . in this paper \n we are presenting a potential instrument for measuring high energy photon polarization with a proven detector technique which should allow preparation of a reliable tool for the space - borne ob...
[ { "content": "the past decade has seen a renewed interest in low frequency radio astronomy with a strong focus on cosmology with the highly redshifted 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen . \n numerous facilities and experiments are already online or under construction , including the giant metre - wave radio telesco...
[ { "content": "when cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) photons pass through galaxy clusters , they compton up - scatter on hot electrons , making a small increment ( decrement ) above ( below ) the peak of the cmb primary spectrum . \n the size of this distortion in the cmb spectrum , the sunyaev - zeldovich ( ...
[ { "content": "experimental observations and robust theoretical arguments have established that our universe is essentially non - visible , the luminous matter scarcely accounting for one per cent of the critical density of a flat universe ( @xmath0 ) . \n the current picture describes an universe consisting of ...
[ { "content": "the estimation of quantum states by using measured data is crucial to verify the quality of any quantum device . to fully determine a quantum state , i.e. to perform a quantum state tomography \n , one needs to accumulate enough data to compute the expectation values of an informationally complete...
[ { "content": "the prediction of the yield stress for electrorheological ( er ) fluids is the main concern in theoretical investigations of er fluids . \n early studies failed to derive the experimental yield stress data @xcite because these studies were almost based on a point - dipole approximation @xcite . \n...
[ { "content": "in order for hydrodynamics codes to be able to simulate shocks it is necessary that the width of the shock be spread over a few mesh cells , or represent a few inter - particle spacings , depending on whether a grid or particle based code is being used . in reality \n , however , the true width of...
[ { "content": "weakly interacting massive particles ( wimps ) are believed to be the most plausible candidate for dark matter ( dm ) in the universe . \n wimps are predicted to exist in many extensions of the standard model of particle physics . \n most of the well - motivated wimp candidates are majorana ( _ i....
[ { "content": "a precise determination of the bottom quark mass , being one of the fundamental parameters in the standard model ( sm ) , is of paramount interest in several areas of present day particle phenomenology . in the past \n , qcd moment sum rule analyses have been successfully applied for extracting ch...
[ { "content": "ngc7538irs1 was first detected in the radio at 5 ghz by @xcite , who found three compact radio sources at the se edge of the large ( @xmath3 4 ) region ngc7538 , which is at a distance 2.65 kpc @xcite . \n the brightest of the three , source b , has later become known as irs1 @xcite . \n the far -...
[ { "content": "current models of hierarchical galaxy formation predict that galaxies form via the accretion of smaller lumps of gas , stars , and dark matter ( e.g. silk & norman 1981 ; kauffman , white , & guiderdoni 1993 ; cole et al . \n recent simulations of this process assuming a lambda - dominated cold d...
[ { "content": "groups of galaxies are useful tracers of large - scale structure . \n they provide sites in which to study the environmental dependence of galaxy properties , the galactic content of dark matter haloes , the small - scale clustering of galaxies , and the interaction between galaxies and hot x - ra...
[ { "content": "molecular species are useful diagnostics for understanding the physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium ( ism ) , and have been studied in various ways for many years . \n most molecules are observed in dense molecular clouds via rotational emission lines in the radio band . \n these emiss...
[ { "content": "the two - level model of atoms interacting with light fields @xcite has often been used to explore optical cooling mechanisms @xcite . its inherent simplicity \n the atom has one ground state and one excited state makes the resulting models amenable to analysis , but also suppresses mechanisms ...
[ { "content": "recent measurements of the positron fraction in cosmic rays ( crs ) up to 100 gev by the pamela experiment @xcite ( and of the sum of the electron plus positron fluxes by atic @xcite and ppb - bets @xcite ) have triggered a lot of interest on the possibility that there may be a dominant contri...
[ { "content": "the hope to develop a quantum information processing machine has made a strong impact in several distinct branches of science , e.g. , in theoretical and experimental quantum physics , in computer science , and in electrical and chemical engineering . \n to succeed , it is essential to achieve hig...
[ { "content": "recently , economy has become an active research area for physicists . \n they have investigated stock markets using statistical tools , such as the correlation function , multifractal , spin - glass models , and complex networks @xcite . as a consequence , it is now found evident that the interac...
[ { "content": "the origin of water on earth is still puzzling ( e.g. the reviews by * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * and references therein ) . at one end of the models , \n the high temperature in the inner accretion disk hampered hydrous phases to exist so that external sources were ne...
[ { "content": "the phoenix dwarf galaxy , discovered by schuster & west ( 1976 ) , has a morphological type of dirr / dsph ( mateo 1998 ) , meaning that although this galaxy has a low surface brightness and a mass and morphology like a dwarf spheroidal ( dsph ) galaxy , there is evidence of recent star formation...
[ { "content": "in astrophysical plasmas , such as the solar corona , the three - dimensional ( 3d ) magnetic field topology is often highly complex . in such complex 3d magnetic fields , where traditional two - dimensional ( 2d ) x - point magnetic reconnection models may no longer be applicable , determining th...
[ { "content": "it is known that the most important component of an adaptive optics ( ao ) system is the corrector , which is the deformable mirror ( dm ) . \n it can be a continuous face sheet or a surface formed by mirror segments @xcite . in the former the mirror boundary \n is fixed and voltage applied to any...
[ { "content": "we , two non - experts , present several \" calculations and some simple measurements related to global warming and the carbon cycle . \n our purpose is to understand which phenomena are important in determining the temperature of the earth . \n in this article we will use the following measured d...
[ { "content": "an analysis of spin dynamics involves calculations of spin correlators . \n spin operators do not satisfy the wick theorem , and various methods have been used to still enable the use of perturbative ( diagrammatic ) methods . \n one of the approaches is based on the majorana - fermion representat...
[ { "content": "it is the object of relativistic heavy - ion collisions to create and study strongly interacting matter excited beyond its hadronic phase @xcite . \n the existence of such a phase [ the quark gluon plasma ( qgp ) ] has been predicted by lattice qcd calculations @xcite which exhibit a sudden rise...
[ { "content": "in 1998 , bender and boettcher showed that a wide class of non - hermitian hamiltonians @xmath2 can possess entirely real spectra as long as they respect parity - time ( @xmath0 ) symmetry @xcite . \n while the implications of @xmath0 symmetry in theoretical physics are still a matter of debate @x...
[ { "content": "we report on the development of the medium \n resolution spectrophotometer to accompany ( in real time ) spectral observations performed with the high resolution spectrographs @xcite on the 6meter telescope bta of the special astrophysical observatory . \n the spectrophotometer uses a 0.7meter op...
[ { "content": "to securing communications through the use of information theoretic notions was started by shannon in the 1940 s . in his papers he related fundamental notions , such as entropy , to the secrecy of cryptographic systems @xcite . \n inspired by the work of shannon , wyner published a paper proving ...
[ { "content": "the axion @xcite was postulated approximately twenty years ago to explain why the strong interactions conserve the discrete symmetries p and cp in spite of the fact that the standard model of particle interactions as a whole violates those symmetries . \n it is the quasi - nambu - goldstone boson ...
[ { "content": "organic molecules are promising candidates for the next generation of electronic devices and for solar energy conversion.@xcite among these , assemblies of dye molecules in the form of j - aggregates have attracted attention for their special optical properties.@xcite these are understood from del...
[ { "content": "in the present year 2000 we are celebrating the 100th birthday of quantum theory and the 75th birthday of quantum mechanics . \n thus it took only 25 years from the first inception of the new theory until its final consolidation . \n quantum field theory is almost as old as quantum mechanics . \n ...
[ { "content": "the enhancement of _ photoacoustic tomography _ ( pat ) by taking dissipation into account is currently a very active subfield of pat with various contributions from engineers , mathematicians and physicists . for basic facts on pat in the absence and presence of dissipation , \n we refer for exam...
[ { "content": "the periodically forced sir model @xmath2 @xmath3 @xmath4 and variants of it , are extensively used to model seasonally recurrent diseases @xcite . here \n @xmath5 are the fractions of the population which are susceptible , infective , and recovered , @xmath6 denotes the birth and death rate , @xm...
[ { "content": "shear flow can drive dense colloidal dispersions into states far from equilibrium . \n especially of interest is the possibility to shear melt colloidal solids , in particular metastable colloidal glasses and gels , and to investigate shear - melted ( yielding ) colloidal glasses . \n does a yield...
[ { "content": "according to the theory of relativity or quantum electrodynamics ( qed ) , the rest mass of photon should be exactly zero . \n however , even if the photon rest mass is not zero , qed and classical electromagnetism remain intact @xcite . \n this is because a non - zero photon mass would not damage...
[ { "content": "the known galactic globular clusters ( gc ) - less than 150 ( harris @xcite ) - were discovered mostly through optical searches , that are obviously biased against highly obscured gcs . \n since the galaxy is estimated to have @xmath9 gcs ( harris @xcite ) , a certain number of them may still be h...
[ { "content": "in quasi - one dimensional organic conductors tmtsf ( tetrametyltetraselenafulvalence ) salts , there are several experimental evidences of superconductivity , @xcite which exhibit the large critical field being much larger than the pauli limit.@xcite for @xmath1 , the triplet superconducting(sc )...
[ { "content": "over the past twenty years , discoveries of planets , stars and substellar objects have demonstrated the enormous diversity of astrophysical bodies in the universe . \n thanks to modern techniques and technology , it is now possible to study the atmospheres of these objects and retrieve some knowl...
[ { "content": "very significant resources are being invested in large surveys of the stellar content of our galaxy . \n we clearly are under an obligation to make every effort to extract as much science from these expensive data as we can . \n a survey catalogue is always dominated by selection effects : it cont...
[ { "content": "this work was supported by air force office of scientific research ( afosr ) ( fa8655 - 09 - 1 - 3020 ) ; engineering and physical sciences research council ( epsrc ) ( ep / k034480/1 ( bloqs ) ; ep/ j000051/1 , nqit ) ; european commission ( ec ) ( piefga-2013 - 62737 , ief - ga-2012 - 331859 , i...
[ { "content": "during the past decade study of nonlinear behavior of magnetic crystals has been attracted large attention , specially it accompany with the progress in some other fields such as development of theory of nonlinear differential equation , achieving new laboratory results and also potential applicat...
[ { "content": "interference of waves both in the form of light and massive particles , such as electrons , neutrals , and atoms , has proven to be a very sensitive method of measuring physical quantities ( see e.g. ref . \n @xcite and references therein ) . \n this includes precise measurements of electromagneti...
[ { "content": "let @xmath15 be an oriented closed @xmath16-manifold , and @xmath17 a homomorphism between the tangent bundle @xmath18 and an oriented vector bundle @xmath19 of rank @xmath16 on @xmath20 . \n suppose that @xmath21 allows only generic corank one singularities , namely it has only @xmath22-singulari...
[ { "content": "the discovery of the first transiting exoplanet , hd209458 ( charbonneau et al . 2000 ) was quickly followed by a measurement and characterization of the planet s atmospheric transmission spectrum ( charbonneau et al . 2002 ) . \n spectroscopic observations of this type provide invaluable probes o...
[ { "content": "the main goal of the lhc physics program is to unravel the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking , with the leading explanation being the standard model higgs boson . in considering the sm higgs hypothesis , or more generally the correct description of electroweak symmetry breaking ( ewsb ) as r...
[ { "content": "collective behaviour of interacting _ intelligent _ agents such as birds , insects or fishes shows highly non - trivial properties and sometimes it seems to be quite counter - intuitive @xcite . as well - known , many - body systems having a lot of _ non - intelligent _ elements , for instance , s...
[ { "content": "prime numbers have attracted mathematically oriented minds . \n they are fountains of the interesting problems which are left unresolved to the present . as well as prime numbers , natural numbers themselves sometimes show unexpected behaviors in spite of their simple appeal . in this note \n , we...
[ { "content": "the simplest model of strongly interacting bosons is the bose - hubbard model ( bhm ) , which has been used to describe superfluid helium@xcite , cooper pairs in thin granular superconducting films@xcite and josephson junction arrays@xcite . \n much theoretical work has concentrated on the phase d...
[ { "content": "this work was supported by the french anr project no . anr-13-bs04 - 0013 - 01 . \n we thank j. debray for sample preparation and f. lvy - bertrand for infrared measurements . \n m. j. harris , s. t. bramwell , d. f. mcmorrow , t. zeiske and k. w. godfrey , phys . \n lett . * 79 * , 2554 ( 1997 ) ...
[ { "content": "[ [ section ] ] in the paper @xcite published in 1987 , a. beilinson formulated his famous conjectures on the properties of hypothetical categories of mixed motivic sheaves over a scheme . \n in addition to the classical case of motives with rational coefficients , some conjectures about the ...
[ { "content": "nuclear cluster structure in the hoyle state , the second @xmath0 state at @xmath9 mev in @xmath2 , has been discussed for a long time by many authors @xcite . \n cluster model approaches play an important role in understanding the structure and clarified that it has well developed @xmath8 cluste...
[ { "content": "two outstanding mysteries in particle theory are the cause of electroweak symmetry breaking and the origin of flavor symmetry breaking by which the quarks and leptons obtain their diverse masses . \n the standard model of particle physics , based on the gauge group @xmath0 accommodates both symmet...
[ { "content": "substantial progress achieved during the past decade in studies of active galactic nuclei has brought an increasingly wider recognition of the ubiquity of relativistic outflows ( jets ) in galactic nuclei , turning them into an effective probe of nuclear regions in galaxies @xcite . \n emission pr...
[ { "content": "multi - particle and multi - jet final states are of great importance at the tevatron and at the future lhc or @xmath3 linear collider . \n they serve both as signals and as important backgrounds to many new and already discovered physics channels . as an example \n the production and decay of top...
[ { "content": "the meson - cloud model plays an important role in dealing with non - perturbative quantum chromodynamics effects in the nucleon . \n it has been used by several groups to interpret momentum distributions of sea quarks in the nucleon @xcite , measured in deep inelastic scattering . \n the standard...
[ { "content": "when lines coalesce into broad unresolved patterns due to physical broadening mechanisms ( stark effect , auto - ionization , etc . ) , they can be handled by global methods @xcite . \n on the other hand , some transition arrays exhibit a small number of lines that must be taken into account indiv...
[ { "content": "the emergence of spatio - temporal ordered structures in nonlinear systems is an ideal laboratory for investigating the trend toward complexification observed in nature at the physical , chemical , and biological level @xcite . \n it is known that localized , or spatially - bound , order emerges i...
[ { "content": "inflation was invented to resolve problems existing in hot big bang cosmology , such as flatness , horizon , primordial monopole problem@xcite ( for some early attempts see refs . \n @xcite ) . after more than twenty years development \n , one has obtained a deep sight at this theory . \n however ...
[ { "content": "in @xcite it was shown that the combinatorics of the subtraction procedure inherent to perturbative renormalization gives rise to a hopf algebra @xmath0 which provides a conceptual framework to understand the intricacies of the forest formula of zimmermann . in @xcite \n , it was shown that the...
[ { "content": "the old nova v842 cen ( nova cen 1986 ) was discovered on 1986 november 22 by mcnaught ( 1986 ) and reached a maximum magnitude of 5.6 from its pre - outburst brightness of about 18.5 . \n whitelock ( 1987 ) and sekiguchi et al . \n ( 1989 ) estimated the @xmath2 decay time to be 48 d , thus class...
[ { "content": "future electron - positrons colliders will require a flux of positrons much higher than what can be produced with current methods . \n one of the scheme that has been proposed to achieve such flux is to use an intense flux of polarized high energy gamma rays @xcite which can be converted into pol...
[ { "content": "controllable single - photon transport is of central importance in quantum information processing . \n there have been many recent experimental @xcite and theoretical @xcite works probing the photon transport properties of a wavelength - scale cavity that incorporates a two- or multi - level sys...
[ { "content": "recurrent novae ( rne ) are ordinary novae ( binary systems with mass accreting onto a white dwarf until thermonuclear runaway is triggered ) for which the recurrence time scale is between a decade and a century , such that more than one eruption has been observed ( payne - gaposchkin 1964 ; bode ...
[ { "content": "the study of the role of electronic correlations in transition metal compounds is one of the most actively developing fields of modern condensed matter physics . \n this class of materials exhibits rich and highly nontrivial physical phenomena such as unconventional transport properties including ...
[ { "content": "the idea of noncommutative analogues of classical mathematical notions like topology , geometry , measure theory , or probability , derives from operator algebras . in the classical ( commutative ) context \n , one can usually associate to a given space an appropriate set of complex - valued funct...
[ { "content": "optical frequency combs have been very useful scientific and technological tools in a wide range of applications such as optical clocks , precision spectroscopy , low phase noise microwave generation and optical communications . the general approach for producing frequency combs \n is based on mod...
[ { "content": "let @xmath10 be @xmath2-dimensional complex - valued vectors . \n we denote their inner product as @xmath11 now suppose we have a directed graph @xmath12 . \n let us associate a vector @xmath13 with each vertex @xmath4 , and consider the product over all edges @xmath6 of the inner products of the ...
[ { "content": "this work is funded by ` agence nationale de la recherche ' under grant anr-08-blan-0093 - 01 . \n + 00 b. i. abelev _ et al . _ [ the star collaboration ] , phys . \n c * 75 * ( 2007 ) 054906 . \n s. huang [ phenix collaboration ] , j. phys . \n g * 35 * ( 2008 ) 104105 . \n n. borghini a...
[ { "content": "description of nuclear pairing correlation has been a major subject in recent nuclear physics . for instance , in self - consistent meanfield ( scmf ) description of atomic nuclei , there have been various approaches in order to take the nuclear pairing correlation into account @xcite . these appr...
[ { "content": "in parametric down - conversion , a pump photon of frequency @xmath0 incident on a medium with a second - order nonlinear susceptibility @xmath1 is split into two photons with lower frequency @xcite . \n spontaneous parametric down conversion produces photon pairs that can be entangled in many de...
[ { "content": "low - frequency radio telescopes have relatively large fields - of - view , because the telescope primary beam size scales with wavelength . current high - resolution ( sub - arcminute ) radio interferometers that operate at sub - ghz frequencies , like the giant metrewave radio telescope ( gmrt )...
[ { "content": "the exceptional luminosity of type ia supernovae ( sn ia ) , and the tight empirical relationships among the decline rate , color , and peak luminosity of their light curves @xcite , make sn ia useful probes of the cosmic expansion history @xcite . \n sn ia spectra and \n inferred @xmath5ni mas...
[ { "content": "it is a long - standing problem to reproduce irreversible heat conduction phenomena , which are described by the fourier law , @xmath2 , where @xmath3 denotes the heat conductivity , on the basis of time - reversible microscopic dynamics . \n recent studies have succeeded in reproducing the fourie...
[ { "content": "there is bountiful evidence for efficient particle acceleration at collisionless shocks in the universe . \n the heliosphere , with its planetary bow shocks and traveling interplanetary shocks , has provided interesting and useful test cases for shock acceleration theories . in the remote regions ...
[ { "content": "in recent years , compressive sensing ( cs ) has influenced many fields in signal processing . \n basically , the theory states that if an unknown signal @xmath0 can be sparsely represented , only a few @xmath1 linear and non - adaptive measurements @xmath2 of the signal suffice to accurately reco...
[ { "content": "strongly interacting bosonic systems have attracted a lot of recent interest@xcite . \n physical realizations include short correlation - length superconductors , granular superconductors , josephson arrays , the dynamics of flux lattices in type ii superconductors , and critical behavior of @xmat...
[ { "content": "aging experiments in spin glasses @xcite first carried out by lundgren \n _ et al . _ , have generated a large amount of experimental as well as theoretical work . \n two types of experiments have been investigated : the zero - field - cooled experiment and the thermoremanent magnetization experim...
[ { "content": "as the only missing particle in the standard model ( sm ) , the higgs boson is being intensively hunted at the lhc . recently , \n both the atlas and cms experiments have revealed hints of a higgs particle around @xmath6 @xcite . \n while such a higgs mass can be well accommodated in the sm and th...
[ { "content": "search for the quark - gluon plasma ( qgp ) at relativistic heavy - ion collision experiments ( rhice ) has reached a very exciting stage with the ongoing experiments at rhic and with the upcoming heavy - ion experiments at the large hadron collider . \n no one doubts that the qgp phase has alread...
[ { "content": "hd50230 is a star of the b3v spectral type and a visual brightness of 8.95 mag . \n the star had been regarded as constant until its first satellite observations were conducted . \n * degroote et al . \n ( 2010 , 2012 ) ) detected more than 500 significant peaks in the _ corot _ data . with their ...
[ { "content": "the torsional oscillation was discovered by howard and labonte 1980 as a travelling wave pattern superposed on the differential rotation . \n the waves propagate from the poles toward the equator and they consist of prograde and retrograde zones with respect to the mean differential rotation profi...
[ { "content": "magnetic multilayered films have been receiving much attention from the research community in the field of spintronics . \n recently , a device has been proposed @xcite and demonstrated @xcite , in which the magnetic and spin - transport properties are controlled thermo - electrically . at the cor...
[ { "content": "the kondo lattice model ( klm ) is used to describe compounds containing localized magnetic moments , such as heavy fermion systems and kondo insulators . \n @xcite the klm hamiltonian is given by : @xmath3here , @xmath4 and @xmath5 are itinerant and local ( @xmath6- ) spins on site @xmath7 , resp...
[ { "content": "the physics of exotic nuclei with unusual @xmath5 ratios ( isospin ) has attracted world - wide attention . these nuclei are usually loosely bound and often exhibit resonances with a pronounced single - particle character since the fermi surface approaches the continuum . in some nuclei , the vale...
[ { "content": "for the past two decades , extensive studies of high-@xmath0 cuprates have spotlighted many curious phenomena . \n it has been argued that most phenomena are attributable to the strong correlations among electrons , which play significant roles in these materials . \n however , since the discovery...
[ { "content": "most stars are born in stellar clusters , which in turn form from dense cores in giant molecular clouds ( gmcs ) . at least for massive clusters ( @xmath4 ) , it is known that they are highly dynamical structures and follow well - defined evolutionary tracks , depending on their initial mass and s...
[ { "content": "there has been a flourish of recent work concerned with time dependence in string theory ( see , for example @xcite,@xcite , @xcite , @xcite and references therein ) , where we have a @xmath0-brane probing the backgrounds of various supergravity solutions . whilst some of this work has focused on ...
[ { "content": "metastable states in finite volume statistical mechanics lattice systems , in which stochastic transition between states are controlled by an energy function , is a well understood phenomenon . \n different mathematical theories have been developed in the last decades . \n the pioneering _ pathwis...
[ { "content": "existence of minimal symplectic structures on @xmath1-manifolds is a fundamental question in smooth @xmath1-manifold topology . \n there has been much interest especially in producing minimal symplectic @xmath1-manifolds in the homeomorphism classes of standard simply - connected @xmath1-manifolds...
[ { "content": "t dwarfs are a spectral class of brown dwarfs distinguished by the presence of ch@xmath3 , h@xmath2o , and h@xmath2 collision - induced absorption ( cia ) in the near - infrared @xcite , and heavily pressure - broadened and absorption at optical wavelengths @xcite . \n these objects have effective...
[ { "content": "many physical and biological systems under multi - component control mechanisms exhibit scale - invariant features characterized by long - range power - law correlations in their output . \n these scaling features are often difficult to quantify due to the presence of erratic fluctuations , hetero...
[ { "content": "the concept of entanglement , as first introduced by schrdinger @xcite and discussed by einstein , podolsky , and rosen @xcite in 1935 , has historically been associated with systems of two or more quanta . \n its counterintuitive consequences found a mathematical formulation in the work of bell @...
[ { "content": "the development of large - scale structure had to take place at epochs coresponding to redshifts greater than 0.2 ; moreover structure is now known to extend beyond scales of @xmath2 mpc . \n both factors place the extent and evolution of large - scale structure beyond the reach of current optical...
[ { "content": "astronomical ultraviolet studies were not possible before the advent of rocket - borne instruments and satellites due to atmospheric absorption and rayleigh scattering . the first satellite capable of uv observations , oao-2 , was launched in 1968 , and was followed by a host of other satellites (...
[ { "content": "coronal mass ejections ( cmes ) are one of the most spectacular phenomena in the solar corona . \n cmes show some kind of association with various forms of solar activities ; 40% of cmes were associated with flares , but more than 70% were associated with eruptive prominence or disappearing filame...
[ { "content": "the recent superkamiokande data suggests the large neutrino flavor mixing between @xmath0 and @xmath1@xcite . according to this experimental result \n , there have been a lot of theoretical attempts to explain why the large flavor mixing is realized in the lepton sector@xcite . \n one of the inter...
[ { "content": "game theory provides a useful framework for describing the evolution of systems consisting of selfish individuals @xcite . \n the prisoner s dilemma game ( pdg ) as a metaphor for investigating the evolution of cooperation has drawn considerable attention @xcite . in the pdg \n , two players simul...
[ { "content": "the low - energy interaction between hadrons contains a parity - violating ( pv ) component due to the weak interactions of quarks contained in the hadrons . \n hadronic parity violation has received renewed interest with a number of ongoing and planned experiments @xcite as well as theoretical de...
[ { "content": "in fig . [ fig01]a below ( see also fig . 3 of the main text ) , a sheet of paper is wrapped around a cylinder to model the shape adopted by the thin adhesive film during our peeling / tearing experiments . \n the blue solid line indicates the peeling front whose shape is identified to a curve @...