Datasets:
mnsm92
/
article_summarization

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
1
text
listlengths
2
2
[ { "content": "in classical coding theory , the _ weight distribution _ of a code is a useful tool for measuring a linear code s performance under maximum likelihood ( ml ) decoding . for codes \n decoded using modern high - performance suboptimal decoding algorithms such as sum - product ( sp ) or linear - prog...
[ { "content": "almost all planet - hosting stars known today are cool stars ( spectral types f - m ) . \n all cool stars display stellar activity a summarizing term for the occurrance of magnetic phenomena including flares , spots , and coronal high - energy emission . \n the magnetic activity of planet - hosti...
[ { "content": "over the last year and a half , a number of very high redshift ( @xmath0 ) galaxies have been reported ( dey et al . \n 1998 , hu et al . \n 1998 , weymann et al . \n 1998 , spinrad et al . \n 1998 , chen et al . 1999 , \n hu et al . 1999 ) , and our knowledge of the @xmath8 galaxy population ( ...
[ { "content": "the motion of quarks inside the nucleons plays an important role in some effects which are at present intensively investigated both experimentally and theoretically \n . actual goal of this effort is to obtain a more consistent 3-d picture of the quark - gluon structure of nucleons . \n for exampl...
[ { "content": "elections are a general and widely used framework for preference aggregation in human and artificial intelligence applications . \n an important negative result from social choice theory , the gibbard - satterthwaite theorem @xcite , states that every reasonable election system is manipulable . \...
[ { "content": "symmetries are among the most important guiding principles in all of physics and mathematics . \n it often happens that a problem may be solved by symmetry considerations alone , and even if not , understanding the symmetries of the solution can greatly reduce the amount of work needed to find it ...
[ { "content": "in the next - to - minimal supersymmetric standard model ( nmssm ) @xcite , the soft supersymmetry ( susy)-breaking higgs sector is described by the lagrangian contribution @xmath4 where @xmath5 and @xmath6 are the higgs doublet fields , @xmath7 the singlet one , @xmath8 and @xmath9 yukawa couplin...
[ { "content": "in the integrated spectra of old stellar systems , the strength of the balmer absorption lines reflects the luminosity - weighted effective temperature , which is dominated by the main sequence turn - off . in a simple ( i.e. single - age , single - metallicity ) system , \n the turn - off luminos...
[ { "content": "the ` streaming motions of abell clusters ' ( smac ) project is a fundamental plane ( fp ) survey of @xmath2700 early - type galaxies in 56 local rich clusters . \n the cluster sample has approximately full - sky coverage , and a limiting depth of @xmath3kms@xmath1 . within each cluster \n , dista...
[ { "content": "one - dimensional exactly solvable models ( spin chains , rings ) @xcite have been actively employed for studying various problems of spin dynamics @xcite and quantum information theory @xcite . \n substantial progress in our understanding of spin dynamics has been achieved on the basis of a ho...
[ { "content": "the camassa \n holm equation was introduced in @xcite in the form @xmath1 and was intensively explored afterwards ( see , for example , refs . \n its superizations were also constructed , see @xcite . since is not an evolution equation , its integrability properties ( existence and even defini...
[ { "content": "a lattice @xmath1 is _ biatomic _ , if it is atomic ( i.e. , every element of @xmath2 lies above some atom of @xmath1 ) and whenever @xmath3 , @xmath4 , and @xmath5 are elements of @xmath1 such that @xmath3 is an atom , @xmath4 and @xmath5 are nonzero , and @xmath6 , there are atoms @xmath7 and @x...
[ { "content": "the aim of any notation for software system design must be to faithfully capture the structure and behaviour of the proposed system . \n the aim of any tooling that supports such a notation must be that it is reliable and provides useful functionality . \n what kind of functionality ? \n certainly...
[ { "content": "the ability to determine an unknown quantum state produced by some source is central for many applications in quantum information science . \n the procedure of reconstructing the quantum state , known as quantum state tomography , has therefore been under intense investigations and continues to at...
[ { "content": "the galactic rotation curve has been determined for the inner parts of the galactic disk , interior to the solar annulus , from hi - measurements using the tangential point method ( burton & gordon 1978 ) , whereas the outer rotation curve has been determined using radial velocities of objects wit...
[ { "content": "star forming galaxies in the early universe have been found in large numbers both by looking for strong lyman breaks , and by looking for line emission . \n galaxies found by these two methods differ greatly in their typical properties . \n this may indicate physically distinct galaxy populations...
[ { "content": "in the next years , the first generation of large interferometric gravitational - wave detectors @xcite should reach a sensitivity good enough to expect the first direct detection of gw signals . in parallel of the experimental work consisting in operating the detectors at their working point with...
[ { "content": "the heavy elements ( z@xmath130 ) are mainly produced by neutron - capture processes @xcite . \n the slow neutron - capture process ( s - process ) contains two categories . \n the weak s - process mainly produces the lighter neutron - capture elements and takes place in the massive stars @xcite ....
[ { "content": "the density of dark matter in the present universe is observed via its gravitational effects on galaxies and clusters of galaxies to constitute at least about 30% of the critical density of the universe , but the nature of this dark matter is still unknown . \n primordial nucleosynthesis constrain...
[ { "content": "in this paper we consider the gibbsian properties of homogeneous low - temperature ising gibbs measures on trees , subjected to an infinite - temperature glauber evolution . \n this problem has been considered before on regular lattices see e.g. @xcite , for ising spins , @xmath0-vector and unboun...
[ { "content": "neutron stars are spotted as pulsars by radio telescopes and x - ray satellites . \n they are more massive ( i.e. @xmath1 ) than our sun but are typically only about @xmath2 kilometers across so that the matter in their centers is compressed to densities that are up to an order of magnitude higher...
[ { "content": "in the framework of discrete flavor symmetries one of the most used ansatz for the lepton mixing matrix @xmath0 is the tribimaximal mixing ( tbm ) matrix @xcite , which despite the non - zero value for @xmath2 recently confirmed by the t2k collaboration @xcite , double chooz @xcite , daya bay ...
[ { "content": "large extra dimensions have recently attracted a lot of interest . \n they provide many new theoretical ideas to explore questions in particle physics . \n most excitingly , they also predict signals which will be tested at the upcoming collider experiments . \n in this talk we focus on the scenar...
[ { "content": "following the proposal of paczyski ( 1986 ) , experiments to search for lensing - induced light variations of stars ( microlensing events ) located in the galactic bulge and the magellanic clouds have been or are being conducted by several groups ( macho : alcock et al . \n 1993 ; eros : aubourg e...
[ { "content": "in the recent years effective field theories constructed from quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) have been enormously successful to describe phenomena where masses and momenta follow certain limits . among them \n is non - relativistic qcd ( nrqcd ) @xcite which is applicable to a system of two heavy...
[ { "content": "the high precision of current collider data requires comparable precision in the phenomenological predictions . \n the state of the art in high - energy calculations is at next - to - next - to - leading order ( nnlo ) in quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) . \n consequently , major efforts have been u...
[ { "content": "neutrino interactions have been studied in the resonance region in terms of form factors and have been compared with available data @xcite with considerable success . after the early experiments with larger errors , there is a new generation of experiments that provide more accurate data . \n in ...
[ { "content": "the identification of scalar mesons and particularly the determination of the lightest scalar @xmath13 nonet is of extreme importance both for quark systematics and searches for non-@xmath13 objects like glueballs and multiquark states ( see the discussion of this problem in the minireview on scal...
[ { "content": "1.0truecm _ institut fr kernphysik , technische universitt wien , _ + + 1.0truecm 1.0truecm 1.0truecm pacs:11.10.ef , 13.75 . \n cs , 14.20 . \n + keywords : relativistic field theory , deuteron , neutron , proton , radiative capture , weak interaction , w boson , fusion 1.0tr...
[ { "content": "based on penetrative analysis of metal - poor halo stars and globular clusters ( gcs ) in the galaxy , two canonical galaxy formation scenarios the monolithic collapse scenario @xcite and the accretion / merging one @xcite were proposed , that have long been influential for later observational an...
[ { "content": "the microscopic study of atomic nuclei has gained in the recent years a noticeable level of reliability , following the improved knowledge of the interaction between the nucleons and the development of new and more sophisticated many body theories . \n it is now possible to exactly solve the schr...
[ { "content": "the highest redshift quasar known at the present time , at @xmath7 , is the first one to show a complete gunn - peterson trough ( becker et al . \n 2001 ; djorgovski et al . \n this suggests that the reionization of hydrogen was probably completed near the epoch @xmath2 . \n this conclusion is not...
[ { "content": "mapping the location of stars and galaxies as a function of distance or redshift helps us understand not only the contents of the universe but also its structure and evolution and the physical principles shaping what we observe . \n quasars , or active galactic nuclei ( agn ; used synonymously i...
[ { "content": "the transition metal perovskite oxides exhibit many interesting physical phenomena . \n in some of these compounds , the orbital degrees of freedom play an important role in their magnetic properties due to the strong spin - orbital coupling @xcite . \n examples include the mott - hubbard type in...
[ { "content": "one of the objectives of systems control is _ performance regulation _ , namely the output tracking of a given setpoint reference despite modeling uncertainties , time - varying system s characteristics , noise , and other unpredictable factors having the effects of system - disturbances . \n a co...
[ { "content": "metal oxides demonstrate a variety of physical and chemical properties , sometimes in intriguing combinations . \n apart from being ubiquitous in nature , metal - oxide surfaces and interfaces find diverse technological applications and are being explored for potential use in future electronic dev...
[ { "content": "m dwarfs have received considerable attention regarding their internal stellar structure , their atmospheres , and their distribution in the galaxy ( see reviews by @xcite , @xcite and @xcite and references therein ) . however , their atmospheric structure , dynamics , and magnetic processes remai...
[ { "content": "deep neural networks have recently been applied to various tasks @xcite , including image processing @xcite , speech recognition @xcite , natural language processing @xcite , and bioinformatics @xcite . \n although they have simple layered structures of units and connections , they outperform othe...
[ { "content": "the vela pulsar is one of the isolated neutron stars with the widest observational database , spanning from radio waves to high - energy @xmath2-rays . nevertheless , the value of its distance is still in debate . \n the canonical value of 500 parsec , derived by milne ( 1968 ) from the radio sign...
[ { "content": "in this work we calculate very high lying eigenvalues of a billiard system using the so - called scaling method @xcite . \n this method has two main advantages , it is formulated on the boundary of the billiard ( allowing matrices of order @xmath0 , the wavenumber ) and it avoids zeroes searching...
[ { "content": "ultra - luminous x - ray sources ( ulxs ) , also named super - eddington sources or super - luminous sources , were discovered by einstein observatory in 1980 s ( fabbiano 1989 ) . \n they are usually thought as the point sources with luminosity about @xmath5 or above in the accreting systems . \n...
[ { "content": "in this section , we define the notion of a rudin - keisler mapping and associate to each mapping a dedekind cut . \n then we state some results of blass in @xcite characterizing , under ch , the types of cuts obtainable for rudin - keisler mappings from a p - point or a weakly - ramsey ultrafilte...
[ { "content": "no - slip ( or rough ) billiards are a type of billiard dynamical system based upon a model in which linear and angular momentum of a hard spherical particle , moving in an n - dimensional euclidean domain , may be exchanged on collisions at the boundary with total energy conserved , as indicated ...
[ { "content": "underwater exploration represents a very important economic , technologic and scientific challenge . \n this is closely related to arctic and antarctic offshore resources , pollution monitoring , general oceanographic data collection and , recently , to underwater actuation @xcite . \n due to ver...
[ { "content": "the structurally simplest fe - based superconductor , fese , is one of the most mysterious at the present writing . \n it exhibits a tetragonal to orthorhombic structural phase transition at @xmath4 , and displays very strong electronic nematic behavior below this temperature ( @xmath5 ) , but nev...
[ { "content": "recently we proposed a new algorithm for computation of cohomology of a wide class of lie superalgebras . \n this algorithm reduces the computation for the whole cochain complex to a number of smaller tasks within smaller subcomplexes . \n one can demonstrate that if @xmath7 is the computation tim...
[ { "content": "a _ ripplet _ is a function @xmath2 whose integer translate are _ totally positive _ \n @xcite , i.e. for any ordered real numbers @xmath3 , and any ordered integers @xmath4 , @xmath5 , it holds @xmath6 total positivity implies that the integer translates of @xmath2 are _ variation diminishing _ ,...
[ { "content": "on 2005 july 4 at 05:52:03 ut ( as seen from earth ) a 370 kg nasa spacecraft was maneuvered into the path of comet 9p / tempel 1 @xcite . \n the results of the impact were recorded by a host of ground and space based observatories with wavelength coverage spanning the sub - mm to the ultraviolet ...
[ { "content": "the properties of materials are strongly influenced by electronic interaction and randomness . \n in particular , coulomb correlations and disorder are both driving forces behind metal - insulator transitions ( mit ) connected with the localization and delocalization of particles . \n the mott - h...
[ { "content": "detecting and characterising periodic variations in the brightness ( and other properties ) of astrophysical sources is a cornerstone of observational astronomy . \n examples include the discovery of extrasolar planetary systems , using stellar pulsations to establish the cosmological distance sca...
[ { "content": "the quantum heisenberg antiferromagnet ( qhafm ) is a prototype model to describe the magnetic properties in the parent compounds of high temperature superconducting cuprates.@xcite non - linear sigma model is shown that its ground state has long - range order and its low energy excitations are in...
[ { "content": "studies of the clustering of cosmological dark matter have progressed enormously in the past twenty years . \n the dynamical evolution of the dark matter is driven by gravity and fully specified initial conditions are provided in current cosmological models . this problem can therefore be attacked...
[ { "content": "recent proper motion measurements of the lmc and the small magellanic cloud ( smc ) have suggested that the lmc is now moving around the galaxy with a velocity ( @xmath6 ) of @xmath7 km s@xmath8 with respect to the galaxy ( e.g. , kallivayalil et al . \n 2006 , k06 ; piatek et al . \n the latest o...
[ { "content": "a major result in ergodic theory in the late 1980 s was the proof of the return times theorem by j. bourgain @xcite ( which was later simplified by j. bourgain , h. furstenberg , y. katznelson , d. ornstein in @xcite ) . \n this theorem created a key strengthening of the birkhoff s pointwise ergod...
[ { "content": "the classical problem of water waves over a variable seabed has attracted much attention ( see @xcite and references therein ) . \n there are some significant differences in this interesting and practically important problem , as compared to the theory of waves on a deep water or in canals with a ...
[ { "content": "the knowledge of the qcd dynamics at high energies is essential in understanding the hadronic interactions studied at current ( hera , tevatron ) and future ( lhc ) accelerators . in the physics of saturation \n @xcite the relevant observable is the forward scattering amplitude of a quark - antiqu...
[ { "content": "radio - quiet quasars ( rqq ) represent more than half the known agn at high redshift ( @xmath3 ) , yet information on the galaxies that host these active nuclei is currently extremely limited . at lower redshift , \n the luminous rqq are found primarily in giant ellipticals with luminosities of s...
[ { "content": "sensors are sometimes distributed in a regular fashion to monitor an area . \n we assume that the sensors use wireless communication . \n most wireless communication protocols allow the sensors to send at arbitrary times . however , this can cause the following _ collision problems _ : if two dist...
[ { "content": "the appearance of initial singularities in the classical cosmological models which better describe the universe we live in constitutes a big puzzle to all cosmologists . until now \n , singularities are out of the scope of any physical theory . \n if we assume that a physical theory can describe t...
[ { "content": "integral field spectroscopy ( ifs ) provides a spectrum simultaneously for each spatial sample of an extended , two - dimensional field . \n basically , an ifs is located in the focal plane of a telescope and is composed by an integral field unit ( ifu ) and a spectrograph . the ifu acts as a coup...
[ { "content": "understanding the frequency and mass function of free - floating planets ( ffps ) is integral for a complete comprehension of the formation and evolution of planetary systems . using deep photometric imaging primarily in near - infrared bands and , in some cases , \n astrometric and/or spectroscop...
[ { "content": "the diffusion process of a particle in a potential with the presence of a sink studied through solution of the smoluchowski equation@xcite is of keen interest to many scientists in chemical dynamics as it serves a reference model for a wide variety of dynamical processes . \n various attempts has ...
[ { "content": "in many physics analyses , one seeks to extract information from a reaction with multi - dimensional kinematics \n . fits to binned data are often limited by statistical uncertainties ; thus , use of the unbinned maximum likelihood method is generally preferred . \n this method is well suited to o...
[ { "content": "extensive neutron - scattering experiments clarified a close relation between the spin correlations and the superconductivity in high-_t_@xmath13 superconductors@xcite . in the prototypical high-_t_@xmath13 superconductor la@xmath5sr@xmath2cuo@xmath4 ( lsco ) , in which the doping - dependence of ...
[ { "content": "in the first paper in this series @xcite , we developed a _ \n t_-matrix theory of light scattering by spherical but optically anisotropic either radially or uniformly scatterers . whereas for radial anisotropic scatterers it is possible to derive closed form expressions for the elements of the...
[ { "content": "in recent literature a lot of attention has been given to systems that are able to sense electromagnetic near fields ( evanescent waves ) and even to `` amplify '' them . \n the superlens proposed by pendry@xcite is one of such systems . \n his superlens is based on a veselago medium@xcite slab . ...
[ { "content": "the evolution of lattice gauge theory techniques has greatly enhanced our understanding of quark - gluon dynamics in qcd . \n heavy - light mesons provide an ideal laboratory for lattice qcd studies . \n the static approximation ( @xmath0 ) in which the heavy quark propagator is replaced by a stra...
[ { "content": "the paper deals with the estimation problem in the heteroscedastic nonparametic regression model @xmath0 where the design points @xmath1 , @xmath2 is an unknown function to be estimated , @xmath3 is a sequence of centered independent random variables with unit variance and @xmath4 are unknown scal...
[ { "content": "let @xmath1 denote the symmetric group of permutations acting on a set @xmath2 of cardinality @xmath3 , and @xmath4 denote the uniform law on @xmath1 , @xmath5 a seminal concentration result on @xmath1 obtained by maurey is the following . \n @xcite[permmau ] let @xmath6 be the hamming distance on...
[ { "content": "recent satellite observations indicate that the earth s magnetotail is generally in a state of intermittent turbulence constantly intermixed with localized fast bursty bulk flows ( bbf ) [ _ angelopoulos et al . \n _ , 1996 ; _ lui _ , 1998 ] . a model of sporadic and localized merging of coherent...
[ { "content": "gaia is the ambitious flagship mission approved by esa for a launch not later than 2012 , and possibly already by q2 of 2010 . \n the mission is designed to obtain extremely precise astrometry ( in the _ micro-_arcsec regime ) , multi - band photometry and medium / high resolution spectroscopy for...
[ { "content": "because an utterance is best understood in the context in which it is delivered , its interpreters must be able to identify the relevant context and recognize when it is altered , supplanted or revived . \n the transient nature of speech makes this task difficult . \n however , the difficulty is a...
[ { "content": "how the hadrons are built from quarks and gluons , the fundamental degrees of freedom of qcd , is one of the main open questions in the theory of strong interactions . an efficient way to probe \n the hadron structure is to study the hadron form factors as these quantities include direct informati...
[ { "content": "in recent years the area of numerical analysis of stochastic differential equations ( sdes ) has expanded at a fast pace . \n this interest has been driven by different application areas , such as computational finance , neuroscience or electrical circuit engineering . \n a large part of research ...
[ { "content": "in the last few years most cosmological parameters have been determined up to a few percent . \n the values of @xmath1 , @xmath2 , @xmath3 and @xmath4 can now be constrained with an unprecedent degree of accuracy ( see , for example , * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * and r...
[ { "content": "the current decade has witnessed a significant amount of effort towards discovering the networks of protein - protein interactions ( interactomes ) in a number of model organisms . \n these efforts resulted in hundreds of thousands of individual interactions between pairs of proteins being reporte...
[ { "content": "the stability analysis of stochastic switched linear systems has attracted a significant amount of attention in the last two decades . in particular , their mean stability , which requires that the power of the norm of the state variable converges to zero in expectation . \n some early results on ...
[ { "content": "the reissner - nordstrm ( rn ) spacetime describes a vacuum where matter and electric charge exist in a singularity at the center @xmath0 . \n when the mass is large enough compared to the electric charge , @xmath1 , which is the case we explore here , a black hole engulfs the singularity . \n thi...
[ { "content": "the `` off '' state of the x - ray pulsar her x-1 was observed with the telescope art - p on board granat three times in 1990 - 1991 . \n the source persistent flux in this state was detected at the level of few mcrabs ( several percents of its high - state flux ) and was characterized by the abse...
[ { "content": "several studies have shown that measures of trabecular bone micro - architecture and bone strength are correlated . @xcite together with loss of bone mass , changes in the trabecular bone micro - architecture occur during ageing , during development of osteopenia and osteoporosis as well as in con...
[ { "content": "the density of states ( dos ) is a fundamental quantity from which many macroscopic quantities can be derived . indeed , once the dos is known , the partition function can be computed yielding the free energy of the system . \n it follows that the heat capacity , forces , etc can be derived . \n a...
[ { "content": "in the 105 deg@xmath5 field of the _ kepler _ space telescope there are @xmath140 rr lyr stars brighter than 17th magnitude being observed at both long and short cadence ( _ i.e. _ , integrated exposure times of @xmath130-min and 1-min , respectively ) . with the notable exception of rr lyrae it...
[ { "content": "the top quark reaches great interest since it breaks the @xmath3 symmetry maximally and it has rich decay products due to its large mass . \n the rare decays of the top quark have been studied in the literature , in the framework of the standard model ( sm ) and beyond @xcite-@xcite ; the one - lo...
[ { "content": "current cosmological observations are very precise to give us a lot of information on the evolution and present state of the universe . \n we usually extract the information by constraining cosmological parameters such as energy densities of baryon , dark matter and dark energy , the hubble consta...
[ { "content": "weak interaction processes play a decisive role in the early stage of the core collapse of a massive star @xcite . \n first , electron capture on nuclei in the iron mass region , starting after the core mass exceeds the appropriate chandrasekhar mass limit , reduces the electron pressure , thus ac...
[ { "content": "the tully - fisher relation ( tully & fisher , 1977 ) is a direct indication of a close relationship between the detected baryons and the total mass in spiral galaxies . \n the detected baryons consist of the stellar and gaseous content , i.e. the visible mass , and this sets the luminosity profil...
[ { "content": "appearance of the geometric phases in physical systems has been , since their first systematic treatment by @xcite , among the most fascinating physical phenomena . \n generalized to systems with degenerate spectrum,@xcite they give the possibility to devise systems in which the dynamical contribu...
[ { "content": "during the past decade , we have learned ( at last ) how to make rigorous contact between experimental low energy hadronic physics and qcd which is presumed to underlie such processes . \n this contact is provided by chiral perturbation theory ( chpt ) @xcite , which exploits the ( broken ) chiral...
[ { "content": "in condense matter physics , quantum phase transitions imply fluctuations , which happened at the zero temperature @xcite . \n when a controlling parameter changes across critical point , some properties of the many - body system will change dramatically . \n many results show that entanglement e...
[ { "content": "the phenomena of flux creep@xcite and thermally activated flux flow@xcite were initially discovered in conventional hard type - ii superconductors . \n the irreversibility line \" in the @xmath4 plane , which separates the reversible ( or flux flow ) and irreversible magnetization ( or flux pinne...
[ { "content": "the inverse scattering problem , non - destructive evaluation , is one of the intriguing research topics since it is closely related to human life . it is because it applies not only to physics , engineering , or image medical science but also to identifying the cracks of the structures such as co...
[ { "content": "in the last decade , the ly@xmath0 forests of qso s absorption spectra at redshifts @xmath8 have played an important role in understanding the diffuse cosmic baryon gas and the uv ionizing photon background , and constraining cosmological models and parameters ( e.g. rauch et al . \n 1997 ; croft ...
[ { "content": "the possibility of muon colliders was introduced by skrinsky et al.@xcite , neuffer@xcite , and others . \n more recently , several workshops and collaboration meetings have greatly increased the level of discussion@xcite,@xcite . \n a detailed feasibility study@xcite was presented at snowmass 96 ...
[ { "content": "in this note we consider three reactions @xmath0 + h + [ lrg ] + p \\,\\ , ; \\label{r1}\\\\ p + p & \\longrightarrow & x_1 + [ lrg ] + h + [ lrg ] + x_2 \\,\\ , ; \\label{r2}\\\\ p + p & \\longrightarrow & b + \\bar b + x + [ lrg ] + p \\,\\,;\\label{r3}\\end{aligned}\\ ] ] where lrg denotes th...
[ { "content": "since the early 1960 s , determinantal ( and closely related pfaffian ) random point processes have served as a key tool in asymptotic analysis of exactly solvable probabilistic systems in mathematics and physics . in the late 1990 s , the domain of their applicability \n was extended to random gr...
[ { "content": "one success of network science has been to identify that some complex systems can be simplified by considering just the topology of the pairwise interactions between their parts . abstracting a complex system as a graph can bring physical insights and predictive power . \n yet these graphs can sti...
[ { "content": "during the last decades a variety of metal surfaces , such as be(0001 ) and the ( 111 ) surfaces of the noble metals cu , ag , and au , have become a testing ground for many experimental and theoretical investigations.@xcite these surfaces are known to support a partially occupied band of shockley...
[ { "content": "fetal distress is generally used to describe the lack of the oxygen of the fetus , which may result in damage or death if not reversed or the fetus is delivered immediately . \n thus the emergent action by discriminating the fetal distress is an important issue in the obstetrics . in particular \n...
[ { "content": "one of the promising mechanisms of primordial black holes and wormholes formation is a collapse of vacuum bubbles during phase transitions in the early universe @xcite . \n the supermassive black holes in the centers of galaxies may be also originated by this mechanism . \n we will describe the po...
[ { "content": "the gluonium states of qcd have remained intriguing for almost four decades@xcite . \n their `` exotic '' nature reflects itself not least in several long - standing problems which the qcd sum rule approach faces in the spin-0 glueball channels@xcite . in the scalar ( @xmath0 ) glueball correlator...