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[ { "content": "the first evidence for a new kind of long - lived isomeric states was obtained in actinide fractions @xcite produced via secondary reactions in a cern w target which had been irradiated with 24-gev protons @xcite . \n isomeric states with t@xmath5 @xmath6 0.6 y and @xmath7 30 d ( 10@xmath8 - 10@xm...
[ { "content": "in two classic papers @xcite , by solving the master - slave optical system @xmath2 the author predicted that ultrafast pulses with energies lower than that required to self - sustain soliton shape in the anomalous dispersion regime of an optical medium may preserve their shape , provided an inte...
[ { "content": "the path - integral formulation of quantum mechanics is the foundation of many numerical methods that allow one to study with great accuracy the rich physics of interacting quantum systems . at finite temperature , \n a path - integral monte carlo ( pimc ) technique for continuous systems has been...
[ { "content": "transport properties of deterministic chaotic hamiltonian dynamics can exhibit a rich variety of phenomena . in many situations where chaos is strong , \n transport through phase space tends to be uniform and can imitate random processes of the brownian type . the motion on average is a normal dif...
[ { "content": "in compressive imaging @xcite , we aim to estimate an image @xmath0 from @xmath1 noisy linear observations @xmath2 , @xmath3 assuming that the image has a representation @xmath4 in some wavelet basis @xmath5 ( i.e. , @xmath6 ) containing only a few ( @xmath7 ) large coefficients ( i.e. , @xmath8 ...
[ { "content": "[ sec : intro ] the classical area of _ combinatorial designs _ ( see , e.g. , @xcite ) asks about extremal subset systems of a finite set that have specified intersection patterns . in this paper , we are interested in extremal families of curves in a closed , orientable surface with specified in...
[ { "content": "the study of statistical gravitational lensing effects on large numbers of source galaxies due to intervening matter has been a subject of major and rapid progress both from the methodological and from the observational point of view ( e.g. , see kaiser & squires 1993 ; luppino & kaiser 1997 ; tay...
[ { "content": "the coupling of electronic and mechanical degrees of freedom is at the core of the physics of nanoelectromechanical systems ( nems)@xcite . \n pronounced vibrational effects in electronic transport have been observed in several recent experiments on molecules @xcite and single wall carbon nanotub...
[ { "content": "the field of cold atoms has expanded dramatically over the last 15 years . \n it has now reached a stage where experimentalists are capable of designing the form of the confining potential . \n going to extreme aspect ratios , conditions of quasi - one- and quasi - two - dimensional behavior have ...
[ { "content": "lagrangian correspondences were described by weinstein @xcite as generalizations of symplectomorphisms , in an attempt to build a symplectic category with composable morphisms between non - symplectomorphic manifolds . by definition a lagrangian correspondence from @xmath0 to @xmath1 \n is a lagra...
[ { "content": "adaptive network consists of a collection of agents that are interconnected to each other and solve distributed estimation and inference problems in a collaborative manner . \n two useful strategies that enable adaptation and learning over such networks in real - time are the incremental strategy ...
[ { "content": "the very notion of _ really existing objects _ , i.e. _ physical objects carrying energy - momentum _ , necessarily implies that all such objects must have definite stability properties , as well as propertiies that do not change with time ; otherwise everything would constantly change and we coul...
[ { "content": "many authors have studied the neutrino charge radius ( ncr ) @xcite . in 1972 , \n bardeen , gastmans and lautrup @xcite showed in the frame of the sm and using the unitary gauge that the ncr is infinite and therefore it is not a physical quantity . \n later , in the same year , s.y . \n lee @xcit...
[ { "content": "the main impediment towards the use of single photons in schemes for deterministic quantum logic and teleportation @xcite as very robust and versatile carriers of quantum information @xcite is the weakness of optical nonlinearities in conventional media . a major trend aimed at the enhancement of ...
[ { "content": "it has long been appreciated that high energy @xmath2-rays from sources at cosmological distances will be absorbed via electron - positron pair production @xcite on the diffuse background of long wavelength photons produced over the history of the universe . \n now that several extragalactic tev s...
[ { "content": "lyman alpha ( ly@xmath2 ) galaxies have been studied in detail for nearly a decade now , and we are only just beginning to learn about the properties of individual objects . \n most initial narrow - band studies ( e.g. , hu et al . 1998 ; rhoads et al . 2000 ) observed blank fields with two filter...
[ { "content": "tunneling represents the wave mechanical analogy to the propagation of evanescent modes @xcite . \n evanescent modes are observed , e.g. in the case of total reflection , in undersized waveguides , and in periodic dielectric heterostructures @xcite . \n compared with the wave solutions an evanesce...
[ { "content": "quantum fisher information ( qfi)@xcite which is one of the most important ingredients in parameter estimation fields has been extensively investigated in both the classical and quantum worlds . \n qfi characterizing the sensitivity of a state with respect to perturbation of the parameters is empl...
[ { "content": "the linking number @xmath1 of disjoint , oriented curves @xmath2 is among the most basic invariants in knot theory , and as such it admits many different descriptions . \n we begin with three . \n let @xmath3 be euclidean coordinates on @xmath0 and consider the global angular form @xcite @xmath4^{...
[ { "content": "three - dimensional ( 3d ) topological insulators ( tis ) are characterized by a novel topological order @xcite which dictates the appearance of spin - filtered massless dirac fermions on the surface.@xcite to experimentally address the peculiar physics of 3d tis , it is desirable to access the di...
[ { "content": "spectroscopic observations of solar chromospheric flares show that the line profiles emitted by the flaring plasma almost always exhibit asymmetries or shifts . \n these features are surely due to the chromospheric plasma motion and the resulting doppler - shifts effects . \n interpretation of the...
[ { "content": "the dynamical processes by which atoms lose their electrons when subjected to strong laser pulses usually fall into two main categories @xcite : sequential double ionization ( sdi ) in which electrons are removed one after the other , and a less trivial class of processes coined nonsequential dou...
[ { "content": "+ [ toc ] strong electron correlation effects remain a highly relevant topic in the physics and chemistry of carbon - based materials . \n extensive experimentation has confirmed strong electron correlation effects in quasi - one - dimensional ( quasi-1d ) carbon - based systems such as linear ...
[ { "content": "double neutron star ( dns ) systems , i.e. binaries consisting of a radio pulsar and a usually undetected second neutron star , have provided an excellent test bed for general relativity theory . \n the orbital decay observed in dnss is the first indirect evidence for gravitational - wave radiatio...
[ { "content": "in this article , we show the following result . \n [ theo:0 ] let @xmath0 be a closed riemannian @xmath1-manifold with nonnegative ricci curvature . \n there exists an embedded closed minimal hypersurface @xmath2 in @xmath0 with a singular set of hausdorff dimension at most @xmath3 such that @...
[ { "content": "the seesaw mechanism @xcite seems to provide a simple way to understand the smallness of neutrino masses . \n the simplest among the various seesaw mechanisms is the type - i seesaw , which requires the introduction of standard model ( sm ) gauge - singlet right - handed ( rh ) neutrinos ( @xmath...
[ { "content": "for a system of @xmath1 particles in volume @xmath2 at temperature @xmath3 in thermal and mechanical equilibrium the true entropy is the gibbs entropy @xcite @xmath4 where @xmath5 is the probability that an @xmath1 particle system has a particular set of particle positions and velocities @xmath6 ....
[ { "content": "relativistic heavy ion reactions exhibit dominant collective flow behaviour , especially at higher energies where the number of involved particles , including quarks and gluons , increases dramatically . at intermediate stages \n approximate local equilibrium is reached , while the initial and fin...
[ { "content": "over the past few years it has been shown that a lepton asymmetry can be generated by the mixing of heavy majorana neutrinos . \n majorana neutrinos have the remarkable property of being mixed states of particles and antiparticles . by definition \n they induce @xmath0 and consequently @xmath1 tra...
[ { "content": "cosmological models obtained by dimensional reduction of 10-dimensional supergravity theories are an active field of research @xcite@xcite . \n since supergravity is the low energy limit of string theory , these models should provide a way towards understanding the quantum effects in cosmology . \...
[ { "content": "complex networks are natural structures for representing many real - world systems . \n their flexible and adaptive features make them ideal for interrelating various types of information and to update them as time goes by . \n recently , there has been tremendous interest , from various fields of...
[ { "content": "in materials science and engineering , a class of simple models , known as fiber bundle models ( fbm ) , has proven to be very effective in practical applications such as fiber reinforced composites . in this context , \n such models have a history that goes back to the twenties @xcite , and they ...
[ { "content": "the supersymmetrized ( susy ) standard model ( sm ) , _ e.g. _ , the minimal supersymmetric standard model ( mssm ) , has for a long time intrigued particle theorists in that it is free of the scalar field quadratic divergences that plague non - supersymmetric theories @xcite . \n in addition , th...
[ { "content": "there are several motives to find the explicit form of conserved densities of differential - difference equations ( ddes ) . \n the first few conservation laws have a physical meaning , such as conservation of momentum and energy . \n additional ones facilitate the study of both quantitative and q...
[ { "content": "the error function @xmath4 is defined by @xcite @xmath5 and its inverse @xmath6 , which we will denote by @xmath7 satisfies @xmath8 = \\operatorname{erf}\\left [ \\mathfrak{i}(x)\\right ] = x.$ ] the function @xmath9 appears in several problems of heat conduction @xcite . in @xcite \n we con...
[ { "content": "the _ hubble space telescope _ ( hst ) has been used to undertake a systematic survey of extragalactic radio sources , the 3cr snapshot survey ( de koff et al . \n 1996 ; martel et al . 1998,1999 \n ; mccarthy et al . 1997 , de vries et al . 1997 ) selected from the _ revised third cambridge catal...
[ { "content": "pelupessy et al . ( 2000 ) formulated the wind momentum equation for sectorial line driven winds including the finite disk correction factor for an oblate rotating star with gravity darkening for both the continuum and the lines . \n they calculated models with line force parameters around the bi...
[ { "content": "two of the most influential models of the interstellar medium ( ism ) to date are the two- and three - phase models of field , goldsmith & habing ( 1969 ) and of mckee & ostriker ( 1977 , hereafter , mo ) . \n these models relied on the then known atomic and radiative heating and cooling processes...
[ { "content": "universal spectral bounds for laplace and schrdinger operators , i.e. , bounds that control eigenvalues with expressions that do not depend on the specific geometry of the domain or on details of the potential ( cf . \n @xcite ) , can be derived from fundamental identities involving traces of oper...
[ { "content": "a number of brief accounts of the modern application of dyson - schwinger equations ( dses ) to hadron physics and qcd have recently appeared @xcite . \n they have recapitulated on aspects of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and confinement , and the expression of these phenomena in the hadron s...
[ { "content": "the world changes . \n this basic fact is expressed in the second law of thermodynamics : _ the entropy of a closed system never decreases _ : @xmath1 where the entropy is denoted by @xmath2 . in the 1870s , \n ludwig boltzmann @xcite@xcite provided a description of the entropy relating the sta...
[ { "content": "the exchange interaction is of increasing importance in the study of controllable quantum mechanics using solid - state systems . \n as well as being fundamentally important in manybody physics , it is this interaction which is often used to mediate spin flips or entanglement in spintronics and qu...
[ { "content": "how is the critical behaviour affected by the introduction of disorder ( usualy dilution or bond - randomness ) into a model ? \n the harris criterion @xcite states that @xmath5 , the scaling index of the operator corresponding to randomness at the pure system fixed point ( also called the crossov...
[ { "content": "can a local excitation ( source ) in classical field theories be invisible to observers outside the region of excitation ? \n this question has recently received renewed interest . \n berry _ et al . _ \n @xcite described a peculiar excitation case for the one - dimensional wave - equation of a pe...
[ { "content": "superfluids are peculiar states of matter in which , at the cost of losing part of their individuality , particles gain the ability of cooperative lossless motion @xcite . \n the occurrence of superfluidity can be attributed to the formation of certain non - local correlations within the system . ...
[ { "content": "investigating many applied problems , we can consider a second - order parabolic equation with mixed derivatives as the basic equation . \n an example is diffusion processes in anisotropic media . in desining various approximations for the corresponding boundary - value problems , we focus on the ...
[ { "content": "recent cosmological observations suggest that there is a dark energy component to the energy density of the universe , which should be added to the matter component so as to reach the critical density . \n theorists have considered various possibilities for the nature of this dark energy , notably...
[ { "content": "what is the energy source of a macronova ( or kilonova ) ? \n macronovae are considered as the emission from the ejecta with mass @xmath2 and the velocity @xmath3 , which are accompanied by the mergers of a ns binary ( e.g. , * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n a...
[ { "content": "in many wireless sensor applications , temperature increase caused by sensor operation has to be carefully managed . \n for example , wireless sensors implanted in the human body have to be designed such that the temperature due to their operation does not cause any threat for the metabolism . \n ...
[ { "content": "over the recent past there has been considerable experimental activity in the direct detection of dark matter@xcite and further progress is expected in the ongoing experiments@xcite and new experiments that may come online in the future@xcite . at the same time \n there have been several theoretic...
[ { "content": "the problem of understanding the large gluon density regime in high energy scattering has always been one of the challenges of perturbative qcd ( pqcd ) . \n unitarity of the total cross section and saturation of the gluon distribution are among the most important issues related to the problem . ...
[ { "content": "the interchain , interplane transport of electrons in low dimensional ( quasi 1d , 2d ) materials attracts much attention @xcite in view of striking differences between longitudinal and transverse transport mechanisms revealing a general problematics of strongly correlated electronic systems . bey...
[ { "content": "the properties of magnetic impurities in a metal is one of the most intensively studied problems in solid state physics . \n the work of friedel @xcite and anderson @xcite laid the foundation to understand why some transition - metal impurities form a local magnetic moment while others do nt . \n ...
[ { "content": "the rapid experimental progress in the manipulation of ultracold quantum gases has enabled the creation of strongly correlated many - body systems , which are challenging to describe theoretically @xcite . the unambiguous identification of these phases requires precise measurements to characterize...
[ { "content": "a superfluid flows without friction but becomes dissipative above a certain critical velocity @xmath1 via generating its elementary excitations such as phonons and vortices . \n the landau criterion provides a conventional energetic consideration to determine the critical velocity , stating @xmath...
[ { "content": "the seesaw mechanism is implemented by the inclusion of a majorana mass @xmath6 for the right handed neutrinos ( allowed due to their singlet character under all the symmetries of the standard model ( sm ) ) and by considering a large separation between this mass and the electroweak ( ew ) scale ...
[ { "content": "a cell is a system that transforms nutrients into substrates for growth and division . by assuming that the nutrient flow from the outside of a cell is an energy and material source \n , the cell can be regarded as a system to transform energy and matter into cellular reproduction . \n it is impor...
[ { "content": "electron decoherence is one of the key ingredients of the many - body ground state in the presence of disorder and electron - electron interactions . \n the existing non - perturbative theory of this phenomenon at low temperatures in realistic disordered conductors @xcite is rather complicated , t...
[ { "content": "it has long been recognized that a periodic potential , such as a rotating bar , can drive density waves in a differentially rotating disk . \n a linear inviscid theory of the excitation and propagation of these waves in such disks was described in the seminal work of goldreich & tremaine ( 1979 ,...
[ { "content": "the inner @xmath9au of protoplanetary disks is thought to be the region in which most exoplanets form @xcite . \n initially , the inner disk likely has a smooth radial distribution of gas and dust that is truncated by the stellar magnetic field at the co - rotation radius , within 0.1au . \n from ...
[ { "content": "clusters of galaxies are the largest self - gravitating systems in the universe , and x - ray observations have revealed characteristics of intracluster medium ( icm ) which carries @xmath19% mass of known baryons , such as temperature , icm mass , and metals therein \n . however , the icm emissio...
[ { "content": "lattice calculations of bulk thermodynamic observables , e.g. the energy density and pressure , clearly show that the transition to the high temperature phase of qcd is accompanied by the liberation of partonic degrees of freedom . \n asymptotically , at infinite temperature , energy density and p...
[ { "content": "the so(10 ) grand unified theory has several interesting features @xcite . it can accommodate left - right symmetry as one of the intermediate symmetry and hence provides an explanation of parity violation @xcite . \n @xmath4 is a generator of the group so(10 ) and hence lepton number violation ta...
[ { "content": "dihadron azimuthal correlation has been a successful tool in understanding the interactions between jet and medium , and in extracting the properties of the sqgp . over the years \n , the correlation analyses have been carried out in various regions of transverse momentum ( @xmath0 ) for the trigg...
[ { "content": "anisotropic flow is an important observable in ultra - relativistic heavy - ion collisions as it signals the presence of multiple interactions between the constituents of the created matter . \n anisotropic flow has been observed in nucleus \n nucleus collisions from low energies up to @xmath0 te...
[ { "content": "since the detection of the first extra - solar planet orbiting a solar - like star in 1995 , 51 peg b @xcite , several new discoveries have been made . \n the most used planetary detection methods are radial velocity and transit . \n together , both techniques led to the discovery of the vast majo...
[ { "content": "there has been a lot of interest in neutrino interactions in the few gev energy region , coming from the oscillation experiments and the demand to better constrain the systematic errors . for the neutrino energies around @xmath3 gev the most abundant reaction \n is charged current quasi - elastic...
[ { "content": "there are more than 100 giant molecular clouds in the galaxy with mass of 10@xmath11m@xmath12 or greater . \n the internal velocity dispersion of these clouds , measured using @xmath3co emission , is in most cases approximately equal to their virial velocity of about 15 ( dame 1986 ) . \n however...
[ { "content": "an intense gamma - ray burst , grb030329 , allowed us to carry out the very detailed observations of optical , x - ray , and radio counterparts to the burst . \n its photometry and spectroscopy led to the separation between the afterglow and sn contributions @xcite . \n the sn component is similar...
[ { "content": "galactic studies have been one of the main topics of the tartu observatory over the whole period of its existence . \n these studies began with the work by f.g.w . \n struve on double stars and measurements of stellar parallaxes in early 19th century , when tartu observatory was founded in the ka...
[ { "content": "the science of nanostructures is one of the fields of growing interest in materials science . \n nanotubes , in particular , are of both fundamental and technological importance ; being quasi - one - dimensional ( 1d ) structures , they possess a number of exceptional properties . \n while the pec...
[ { "content": "to maintain activities of central starbursts or active galactic nuclei in galaxies , fueling of molecular gas toward the center is necessary . \n bar is one of the possible mechanisms , for the gas fueling . \n many numerical simulations of gas motion in the bar potential show that bars can accumu...
[ { "content": "let us first explain the unconventional way of determining neutrino mass hierarchy , the `` @xmath0 disappearance '' method @xcite , to be explored in this paper . \n suppose that we measure the atmospheric @xmath0 by doing disappearance measurements of @xmath21 and @xmath22 in vacuum . for clarit...
[ { "content": "in social sciences , people in social organizations ( e.g. , a country or a company ) can be categorized into different rankings of socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth , income , social status , occupation , power , etc . in this paper \n , we will take `` company '' as an example and...
[ { "content": "measurement of the @xmath0 spectrum gives an excellent test for studying the dynamical content of the configurations being used . \n nrqcd can be used to give precise results which indicate how the light dynamical quarks feed in to the heavy meson properties . \n the program at cleo - c will enabl...
[ { "content": "for any two non - zero integers @xmath0 and @xmath1 the baumslag \n solitar group @xmath2 is given by the presentation @xmath3 . \n these groups were introduced by baumslag and solitar in @xcite , who identified @xmath4 as the first example of a two - generator one - relator non - hopfian group an...
[ { "content": "most of our knowledge of the universe at far infrared wavelengths has been obtained with photoconductive detectors , particularly as used in the infrared astronomy satellite ( iras ) and the infrared space observatory ( iso ) . \n these detectors have been selected because they provide excellent p...
[ { "content": "with the development of electromagnetic and optics technology and the increasing demands in industrial and military applications , scattering from periodic structures @xcite have attracted much interest in recent years . a variety of numerical methods including finite difference methods @xcite , f...
[ { "content": "we consider two - level systems as described by the following hamiltonian @xmath114 where @xmath1 ( @xmath2 ) represent pauli operators , noise can occur along all three axes @xmath115}\\sigma_{\\alpha}^k$ ] . \n given the usual case of @xmath116 , the effect of transverse noise is suppressed by t...
[ { "content": "on february 28 , 1997 , the first x - ray afterglow of a gamma - ray burst ( grb ) was detected , leading to the identification of its progenitor at cosmological distances @xcite . in a few days , \n the afterglow faded away with time as a power law . \n this behavior is satisfactorily explained ...
[ { "content": "in recent years a new paradigm for computation has been proposed by craig lent and coworkers@xcite , based on the concept of quantum cellular automata ( qca ) . \n such a concept , although extremely difficult to implement from a technological point of view@xcite , has several interesting features...
[ { "content": "our view of how our universe may be described within a higher - dimensional spacetime has been revolutionised via brane - world models @xcite ( see , c.g . \n , @xcite for review ) . a simple way to study the effects of the higher - dimensional gravity on inflation models is to consider a 4d infla...
[ { "content": "recently a renormalizable theory of gravity in 3 + 1 dimensions was proposed by hoava , inspired from the lifshitz theory in solid state physics , now known as hoava - lifshitz(hl ) theory@xcite . \n the theory is a potential candidate of quantum field theory of gravity . \n it assumes a lifshitz ...
[ { "content": "recently there has been a great deal of interest in studying a novel class of media that has become known as the left - handed materials ( lhms)[1 - 20 ] . \n these materials are characterized by simultaneous negative permittivity @xmath0 and negative permeability @xmath1 . \n properties of such m...
[ { "content": "the presence of disorder and impurities in strongly correlated systems offers a good opportunity to better understand the role played by quantum fluctuations in such materials @xcite . \n either intrinsically present or explicitly added by doping , impurities in condensed matter systems can rarel...
[ { "content": "phantom dark energy is a special kind of theoretical models with the negative kinetic energy@xcite , which has been investigated extensively in cosmology because it can provide a mechanism to interpret the accelerating expansion of the current universe @xcite . due to its negative kinetic energy ,...
[ { "content": "quantum phases are the most beautiful example of quantum physics and essential to understand physics in any material . for example , \n berry s phase , the accumulated phase in the eigenfunction acquired by evolving the quantum system adiabatically around a closed loop in the parameter space of th...
[ { "content": "in figure 1 ( left ) , different central line indices are plotted against @xmath0 for our sample ( bedregal et al . \n bright and faint s0s lay in two separate clumps , each one in opposite extremes of the @xmath0 range . \n when models from @xcite are used to estimate stellar population paramete...
[ { "content": "topological defects constitues an important class of solutions in field - theoretical models with degenerate vacua . \n they play very important role in several branches of physics . \n let us mention here field - theoretical cosmology and the cosmic strings hypothesis ( see @xcite , @xcite , @xci...
[ { "content": "it is widely believed that most millisecond pulsars ( msps ) are spun up by accretion from a close binary companion . \n this recycling ( radhakrishnan & srinivasan , 1981 ) can only take place when the neutron star magnetic field has decayed to a value @xmath4 g. if accretion subsequently stops ...
[ { "content": "the collapsar model @xcite predicts that long - duration , soft spectrum , gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) would be accompanied by a supernova ( sn ) explosion . \n this was first confirmed by the spectroscopic association of grb 980425 with sn 1998bw and later followed by another four events ( grb 03...
[ { "content": "all simplicial complexes considered in this paper are finite and abstract . \n all homologies are simplicial homologies with coefficients in a field @xmath0 . \n the vertex set of a simplicial complex @xmath4 will be denoted by @xmath5 . for @xmath6 , \n the induced subcomplex @xmath7 $ ] of @xmat...
[ { "content": "the only known path to rendering qcd - like theories perturbative at all energy scales is to increase the number @xmath0 of color charges@xcite , so that @xmath5 itself becomes the small expansion parameter . \n while mesons in large @xmath0 continue to exhibit the quantum numbers of a single quar...
[ { "content": "the long - standing hunt for the inhomogenous superconducting state predicted by fulde and ferrell @xcite and by larkin and ovchinnikov @xcite ( the so - called fflo state ) has recently known a revival in the study of fermionic cold atoms @xcite , quantum chromodynamics color superconductivity @x...
[ { "content": "the hermitian quantum mechanics is a well - developed framework because a hermitian hamiltonian leads to a real spectrum and unitary time evolution , which preserves the probability normalization . \n however , a decade ago it was observed that a large class of non - hermitian hamiltonians possess...
[ { "content": "consider a graph @xmath3 and a straight - line embedding of @xmath4 in the euclidean plane . for simplicity \n , we identify each vertex with the corresponding point in @xmath5 . \n an embedding of @xmath4 is _ greedy _ if for every pair @xmath6 , vertex @xmath0 has a neighbor @xmath2 in @...
[ { "content": "the state of the art of classical computer concepts is rapidly approaching the physical limits as fabrication technology of metal oxide semiconductor logic is minimized to scales where quantum effects determine device properties . while these natural limitations of classical electronics are the de...
[ { "content": "there is a long history of studying exactly soluble one - dimensional models in statistical physics . \n while sometimes these models are interesting in their own right , the main motive for their study is usually to cast some light upon behavior in higher , more physical dimensions @xmath7 , such...
[ { "content": "the interstellar medium ( ism ) is a highly compressible turbulent , magnetized fluid , exhibiting density fluctuations on all observable scales . \n it has been long realized by many researchers that incompressible hydrodynamic , i.e. kolmogorov , description is inadequate for such a medium ( see...
[ { "content": "in an elegant paper @xcite takayanagi has recently proposed an extension of the ads / cft conjecture @xcite to deal with the situation , when the cft is defined on a space with a boundary . \n these so called boundary cft s , or bcft s , naturally appear in various applications to condensed matt...