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[ { "content": "explaining the anomalous normal state properties of the so - called pseudogap regime of the underdoped cuprate superconductors is widely regarded as an essential step toward understanding the basic physics of these materials and unlocking the mechanism of their superconductivity@xcite . \n perhaps...
[ { "content": "the @xmath0-jet mass spectrum in @xmath67 scattering has been investigated with the zeus detector at hera . \n an excess of events relative to standard model expectations has previously been reported by the h1 @xcite and zeus @xcite collaborations in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at ...
[ { "content": "principal component analysis ( pca ) , also known as the karhunen - love transform or the hotelling transform , is a well - known method in machine learning , signal processing and statistics @xcite . \n pca essentially builds an orthogonal transform to convert a set of observations of possibly c...
[ { "content": "the foundations of our present understanding of _ advection - dominated accretion _ were laid out in a series of papers by narayan & yi ( 1994 , 1995a , b , hereafter ny94 , ny95a , ny95b ) , abramowicz et al . \n ( 1995 ) and chen et al . \n ( 1995 ) , although some ideas were anticipated much ea...
[ { "content": "the laughlin wave function @xcite is a paradigm as a variational wave function @xcite . \n its construction is simple , yet its implication is rich . it not only explains the most robust fractional quantum hall effects @xcite , but also embodies many exotic notions like fractionally charged excita...
[ { "content": "recent discovery of the superconductivity in mgb@xmath0@xcite with relatively high transition temperature ( @xmath3k ) has invoked renewed interests in @xmath4-bonded materials . \n electronically , the system is a @xmath5 electron system on layered honeycomb lattice , which immediately reminds us...
[ { "content": "the first neutron star was discovered by bell and hewish in 1967 . since then \n , the neutron star has spawned the topics of research in numerous studies in astronomy and nuclear physics . \n a neutron star can be treated as a huge nucleus composed of neutrons , protons , and leptons @xcite . \n...
[ { "content": "we consider here the collective behavior of the system of @xmath2 two - level atoms coupled to a single mode of the electromagnetic field in a resonator . \n the useful form for the atom - field interaction was proposed in the rotating wave approximation ( rwa ) by tavis and cummings @xcite . in t...
[ { "content": "we now have uncontroversial evidence for neutrino flavor conversion coming from `` celestial '' ( solar and atmospheric ) as well as `` laboratory '' studies with reactor and accelerator neutrinos @xcite . \n oscillations constitute the only viable explanation of the data and provide the first si...
[ { "content": "planets form through the assembly of refractory dust , volatile ice , and gas in disks around young stars . \n the spatial distribution of volatile abundances helps determine the compositions of nascent planets that form at different disk radii . \n the separation of these volatiles into their gas...
[ { "content": "the non - local character of quantum correlations is manifested by the violation of bell s inequality @xcite , and , more generally , of the so - called chsh inequality @xcite . \n the experimental violation of these inequalities @xcite constitutes by now an important part of modern scientific cul...
[ { "content": "cometary globules are believed to be molecular cloud condensations , which are so dense that they are not disrupted when an region expands into the molecular cloud(s ) surrounding it . \n such globules are always bright rimmed and often have a cometary or tear shaped form , because the stellar win...
[ { "content": "xmm - newton ( jansen 2001 ) , with the huge collecting area of its mirrors and the high quantum efficiency of its epic detectors ( strder 2001 , turner 2001 ) , is the most sensitive x - ray observatory ever flown . \n this is strikingly evident during slew exposures which , while yielding onl...
[ { "content": "the multi - particle analogon of the operator @xmath0 is often used to describe relativistic effects in atoms and molecules , see , e.g. , @xcite . here \n @xmath1 is the free dirac operator @xmath2 and @xmath3 with @xmath4 is the projection operator on the electron subspace of the free dirac oper...
[ { "content": "even if we do not notice it , our life on the internet is influenced by recommendations . \n popular web sites such as amazon , netflix and youtube attempt to facilitate our navigation by suggesting us new possibly relevant items and thus increase our satisfaction and their profits @xcite . emplo...
[ { "content": "the standard model of elementary particle physics ( sm ) gives an excellent explanation of all existing experimental data . however , there are quite strong theoretical motivations to believe that the sm is an effective theory of a more fundamental theory and that the gauge couplings of @xmath16 h...
[ { "content": "epsilon ursae majoris ( @xmath0 uma , hd 112185 , hr 4905 ) is the brightest ( @xmath9 = 1.77 mag ) chemically peculiar ( cp ) star and has been extensively studied during the last century . \n @xcite established a period of 5.@xmath100887 d from variations in the intensity of the ca ii k l...
[ { "content": "calabi - yau manifolds of dimensions @xmath2 and @xmath3 , i.e. elliptic curves and k3-surfaces , have a long and successful tradition in geometry and number theory . in the 1980 s , in connection with developments in string theory , calabi - yau manifolds of dimension @xmath4 moved to the forefro...
[ { "content": "atmospheric hazes , present in a range of solar system and extrasolar planetary atmospheres , play an important role in physical and chemical processes occurring in the atmosphere and for terrestrial planets , on the surface . \n haze particles affect the radiative balance of an atmosphere , may s...
[ { "content": "solitons are solutions of non - linear wave equations that maintain their shape during time evolution . \n they appear in different phenomena investigated in the fields of non - linear optics , ultra - cold atomic gases and in many other physical systems . \n both in the optics and atomic gases br...
[ { "content": "the recent market turbulence caused by the credit crunch has exposed in a drastic way the consequences of overconfidence in financial modelling assumptions . \n typically , a financial model , such as the famous black - scholes model , will assume that the price of an asset follows a given stochas...
[ { "content": "extending the standard model ( sm ) higgs sector to two higgs doublets , @xmath0 gives the two - higgs - doublet model ( thdm ) . \n there , the potential may contain many more terms than in the sm ; see e.g. @xcite . \n the most general thdm higgs potential can be written @xcite @xmath1 + [ \...
[ { "content": "due to brownian motion , it is impossible to keep a molecule within the detection volume for an extended period of time . \n the study of nanofluidics became popular to circumvent this problem with wide scientific applications @xcite . with the advancement of nanotechnologies , nanofluidic devices...
[ { "content": "direct @xcite and indirect @xcite evidence of the present acceleration of the universe is accumulating . \n nonetheless , the source of the accelerated expansion is as elusive as ever . in the context of general relativity \n , one needs to hypothesize a dark energy source with negative pressure t...
[ { "content": "in the photonics and information science of recent years , much attention is paid to the spin - based , rather than charge - based , electronic systems . \n this area of research , nowadays referred to as spintronics , treats spin as a carrier of quantum information and is considered as a highly p...
[ { "content": "the axial vector anomaly plays a fundamental role in the structure of the standard model and describes many physical processes , including the classic decay @xmath4 @xcite . \n one can summarize the traditional current algebra manipulations used to treat anomalous processes by an effective action ...
[ { "content": "in the continuum euclidean path - integral , chiral anomaly comes from jacobian of the fermion measure @xcite . \n the point is that @xmath0 of the transformed fermion measure gives nonzero contribution because of the infinite degrees of freedom . on the other hand , \n lattice field theory is a f...
[ { "content": "sobolev spaces have been playing a major role in the study of nonlinear partial differential equations and calculus of variations for more than seven decades now . \n variational approach to mappings between manifolds leads in a natural way to the notion of sobolev mappings between manifolds @xmat...
[ { "content": "transiting exoplanets provide invaluable information on planetary physics , their formation , and evolution . \n the search for planets in the habitable zone has so far focused on solar - type stars and m dwarfs . \n however , transiting planets in the habitable zone around white dwarfs ( wds ) ma...
[ { "content": "nowadays the electron bernstein waves ( ebws ) having no density cut - offs and effectively damped even at high electron cyclotron harmonics are considered as the most promising candidate to provide an auxiliary heating and current drive in a dense plasma of a spherical tokamaks and stellarators ...
[ { "content": "in electroencephalography ( eeg ) electrical currents are recorded at different positions on the scalp to measure the brain activity . \n the correlations between the time series of these currents strongly depend on the overall state of the brain . during an epileptic seizure , \n for example , th...
[ { "content": "since many years considerable effort has been made to investigate the problem of nucleation and growth of a new phase upon martensitic transformation . despite these attempts , there is no clear understanding so far of the atomic scale mechanism of the bcc - hcp reconstructive transformation occur...
[ { "content": "we are concerned with quantum compression , which is best understood in the context of quantum information theory . \n informally , the schumacher coding theorem @xcite states that a qubit source can be compressed to its von neumann entropy with high fidelity . \n this statement is strongly analog...
[ { "content": "a generalized concept in present theoretical physics is that description of all physical phenomena should be derivable from first principles in a unified way . \n however , the bridge towards concrete applications requires elaborated procedures and judicious arguments . \n this is the case of quan...
[ { "content": "there have been various techniques to evaluate performance of machine learning methods theoretically . \n taking lasso @xcite as an example , lasso has been analyzed by nonparametric statistics @xcite , empirical process @xcite , statistical physics @xcite and so on . in general , \n most of these...
[ { "content": "the assumption that the universe is homogeneous on large scales is a fundamental pillar of our current concordance cosmology . \n however , it is well known that very large - scale inhomogeneity exists in the form of sheets , voids , and filaments of matter . as structure formation proceeds , \n g...
[ { "content": "in astrophysics , the accretion of fluids or matter onto compact objects such as neutron stars or black holes , is an interesting physical process as it describes a scenario which is most likely to explain the high energy output from the active galactic nuclei and quasars . \n accretion is the pro...
[ { "content": "the set of positive maps acting on a finite dimensional hilbert space is a long - standing subject of mathematical interest . in spite of many efforts ( see @xcite and references therein ) , \n the structure of this set in spaces of arbitrary dimension is still not well understood . \n of particul...
[ { "content": "conjunction fallacy was first empirically documented by tversky and kahneman ( 1982 , 1983 ) through a now renowned experiment in which subjects are presented with a description of someone called linda \" : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _...
[ { "content": "graded materials with spatial gradients in their structure @xcite are abundant in nature , which have received much attention as one of the advanced inhomogeneous composite materials in diverse engineering applications @xcite . \n these materials can be made to realize quite different physical p...
[ { "content": "recently , some experiments have reported narrow signals in the vicinity of 1530 mev in the @xmath7 and @xmath8 invariant mass spectra which are consistent with the exotic pentaquark baryon state @xmath9 with quark content @xmath10 @xcite , while other experiments have searched for this state with...
[ { "content": "it is well know that high - mass stars form in dense clusters @xcite . \n the research on embedded young clusters around young intermediate- to high - mass stars has advanced significantly via near - infrared surveys ( e.g. , * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n the _ spitzer _ \n space telesc...
[ { "content": "it is vital to obtain a good description of a network topology because structure fundamentally affects function @xcite . \n the internet contains millions of routers , which are grouped into thousands of subnetworks , called _ autonomous systems _ ( as ) , which are then glued into a global netwo...
[ { "content": "in approximating smooth submanifolds by polyhedra , it is well known that pathologies may occur if the triangles of the polyhedra become too thin . \n for example , the famous schwartz lantern \" ( cf . \n @xcite , section 3.1.3 ) shows that the areas of a sequence of polyhedra @xmath8 approximat...
[ { "content": "although most of the problems in the standard cosmological model can be resolved by the inflation theory , the resolution of the existence of a big bang singularity in the early universe is still elusive . based upon the string / m - theory , the pre - big bang @xcite and ekpyrotic / cyclic @xci...
[ { "content": "the colours calculated for stars later than mid a - type are affected by treatment of convection . \n small systematic errors were found in the colours calculated using atlas6 ( kurucz , 1979 ) , which could be due to convection or missing opacity in the models ( relyea & kurucz , 1978 ) . \n rece...
[ { "content": "the main motivation of this article is the presence of spiral waves in excitable media , especially in cardiac tissue . \n spiral waves arise as stable spatio - temporal patterns in various chemical , physical systems and biological systems , as well as numerical simulations of reaction - diffusio...
[ { "content": "growing clusters are ubiquitous in nature and they exhibit fascinating structures and patterns . \n examples range from natural fractals , such as snowflakes and soots , to artificial structures such as networks , for example the internet and social networks . \n various growth models have been st...
[ { "content": "for more than four decades , since their introduction in 1965 by montroll and weiss @xcite , continuous time random walks ( ctrw s ) have been applied to virtually any field in which one wishes to provide a dynamical description on the microstructure of a given random system . \n a huge number of ...
[ { "content": "the mathematical modeling of the spread of epidemics is a subject of continuing theoretical and practical interest @xcite . \n this is enhanced by the fact that the same or similar models are used for describing other phenomena such as plant and animal dispersal , and successional dynamics in eco...
[ { "content": "the galactic center , being the closest galactic nucleus at a distance of only 8.5kpc , contains @xmath1% of the entire galactic molecular gas within a @xmath0500pc region known as the central molecular zone ( cmz ; e.g. morris et al . \n 1996 ; oka et al . 1998 ; jones et al . \n this gas is subj...
[ { "content": "the present paper investigates the asymptotic distribution of the incomplete gauss sum @xmath0 where @xmath1 , @xmath2 , and @xmath3 ; the weight function @xmath4 is periodic with period one . \n the case @xmath5 corresponds to the classical gauss sum . \n the main example of an incomplete gauss s...
[ { "content": "radiative corrections to the graviton / matter vertex have been investigated since the 70 s by berends and gastmans @xcite in the qed case , who quantified the impact of these corrections to the bending of photons and fermions in an external localized gravitational field . \n these results were ba...
[ { "content": "the study of the heavy quarkonium states at finite temperature got impetus after the proposal by matsui and satz @xcite where the dissociation of quarkonium due to the color screening in the deconfined medium signals the formation of quark gluon plasma ( qgp ) @xcite . \n the assumption behind t...
[ { "content": "we thank a. ashtekar for making us aware of ref . @xcite . \n we acknowledge the compagnia di san paolo for partial support.e.v.moreva acknowledges the support from the dynasty foundation and russian foundation for basic research ( project 13 - 02 - 01170-d ) a. augustinus hipponensis , _ conf...
[ { "content": "following cosmological recombination at a redshift @xmath9 , the baryonic gas filling up the universe became predominantly neutral . given that this gas is known to be mostly ionized today \n , one arrives at two of the major questions in current extragalactic astronomy : _ ( \n i ) when were the ...
[ { "content": "there are few generic predictions in brane world models as possible extensions of the standard model ( sm ) . \n the fields propagating in the multidimensional bulk manifest themselves as kk towers of states on the brane , where we are supposed to live . \n these kk tower of states are an example ...
[ { "content": "the equivariant gromov - witten theory of @xmath0 has been studied extensively . in @xcite , \n okounkov - pandharipande completely solved the equivariant gromov - witten theory of the projective line and established a gw / h correspondence between the stationary sector of gromov - witten theory o...
[ { "content": "bayesian approaches have inherent advantages in solving inference and decision problems , but practical applications pose challenges for computation . as these challenges have been met bayesian approaches have proliferated and contributed to the solution of applied problems . \n mcgrayne ( 2011 ) ...
[ { "content": "as light passes an object , it diffracts around it and spreads out by an angle @xmath0 , so if the angle that the object subtends , @xmath1 , is less than this , the object `` disappears '' . \n furthermore , if the object has mass , light that passes close - by is delayed by travelling through it...
[ { "content": "most of the us national power grid has ultimately been shaped and built during the quick urbanization period of the beginning of 20@xmath0 century . \n increasing power demand continues to put enormous strain on the infrastructure of the aging grid , forcing utilities to maximally utilize its exis...
[ { "content": "at cern s large hadron collider ( lhc ) @xcite protons will soon collide at an astonishing 800 million times per second to provide experimental evidence for the higgs @xcite , supersymmetry ( susy ) @xcite or extra dimensions @xcite . \n susy is widely considered to be one of the best candidates f...
[ { "content": "it is of great interest to have an accurate theoretical framework for the description of the interaction and reaction of particles at surfaces \n . calculations of this nature would give insight and understanding into the varied and complex processes that take place between atoms , molecules , and...
[ { "content": "high mobility two dimensional electron gases formed in gaas / algaas heterostructures allow ballistic motion of electrons over distances of several @xmath2 m at low temperatures@xcite . \n ballistic system is realized at low temperatures , low electron densities and low impurity concentrations . \...
[ { "content": "the exceptional binary star , @xmath0 aurigae exhibits two year - long eclipses every 27.1 years . \n the eclipse of the f supergiant primary star is now understood to be caused by an opaque disk hiding a companion star ( see stencel , 2012 and references therein ) . an international effort to mon...
[ { "content": "there are currently many different avenues to a theory of quantum gravity . \n this paper focuses on the formulation provided by dynamical triangulations . \n extensive work has been done in two dimensions and a significant body of work has also examined three and four dimensions @xcite . \n dynam...
[ { "content": "within the growing field of sociophysics ( see @xcite for the defining paper , and @xcite-@xcite for an impression of the recent state of the art ) , two- and three states galam opinion models and their modifications ( @xcite , @xcite ) play a guiding role in analyzing the process of opinion spre...
[ { "content": "stochastic processes are used to model a great variety of systems in disciplines as disparate as physics @xcite , genomics @xcite , finance @xcite , climatology @xcite and social sciences @xcite . here \n we will devote our attention to the special class of markovian stochastic processes that a...
[ { "content": "detection plays a fundamental role in the field of image processing . \n an _ edge _ is a collection of connected pixels where the intensity level changes abruptly.@xcite edges are especially important for image recognition and analysis since they can capture local features and provide useful info...
[ { "content": "quark gluon plasma ( qgp ) is a non - ideal system and hence the formulation of statistical mechanics ( sm)and thermodynamics ( td ) is a challenging one . \n sm and td of ideal system is straight forward , but the equilibrium studies of non - ideal system is still underdeveloped because of the di...
[ { "content": "it has long been the dream of stellar astronomers to study individual stellar objects in distant galaxies to obtain detailed spectroscopic information about the star formation history and chemodynamical evolution of galaxies and to determine accurate distances based on the determination of stellar...
[ { "content": "veritas , located at the fred lawrence whipple observatory near tucson , arizona , is an array of four 12-meter imaging atmospheric cherenkov telescopes . \n each telescope has a pixelated camera comprised of 499 photomultiplier tubes with a @xmath2 field of view . designed to detect photons of as...
[ { "content": "understanding the origin of asymmetric outflows in pne and ppne requires feedback between observers , specific object modelers , and paradigm - seeking , order of magnitude theorists . here \n we behave as the latter . \n generally , ppne exhibit a combination of a fast bipolar outflow embedded wi...
[ { "content": "@xmath3-deuteron compton scattering probes the structure of the deuteron and provides necessary information that may allow the extraction of neutron properties , such as neutron electric and magnetic polarizabilities . \n the differential cross section of unpolarized @xmath3-deuteron compton scatt...
[ { "content": "recently , the accuracy of buried - objects detection system is increasing important which decided personal safety in mine affected areas . \n few technology is employed in the real world to detect land mines because of high false alarm rate [ 1 ] . since mine detection requires low false alarm ra...
[ { "content": "the milky way contains a supermassive black hole at its very center , sagittarius a * , whose mass is @xmath0m@xmath1 ( e.g. * ? ? ? \n a dense stellar cluster surrounds this black hole , with a central density at least comparable to that seen in the cores of the densest globular clusters . \n at ...
[ { "content": "the existence of the scalar - isoscalar @xmath3 meson as a broad @xmath4 resonance has long been controversial . recently , an increasing number of theoretical and experimental analyzes point toward the existence of this important meson @xcite . \n most of these analyzes find a @xmath3-pole positi...
[ { "content": "in the extensive literature devoted to the pricing and risk management of commodity derivatives , most investigations take as a starting point the specification of a price process for the commodity . the outcome of chance in the market in which the commodity is traded is usually modelled by a fixe...
[ { "content": "let @xmath3 be a partition of @xmath0 , denoted as usual by @xmath4 . \n let @xmath5 denote the number of standard tableaux of shape @xmath6 . \n @xmath5 is also the number of paths in the young graph @xmath7 from the root @xmath8 to @xmath6 , and it is also the degree of the irreducible character...
[ { "content": "polarised deep inelastic scattering experiments at cern @xcite , desy @xcite and slac @xcite have revealed an apparent two ( or more ) standard deviations violation of ozi in the flavour - singlet axial charge @xmath1 which is extracted from the first moment of @xmath0 ( the nucleon s first spin d...
[ { "content": "the _ consecutive 1 s problem _ ( ) @xcite is defined as follows . given a binary matrix @xmath0 the goal is to permute its rows in such a way that the resulting matrix enjoys the _ consecutive 1 s property _ : each of its columns is a vector @xmath1 where @xmath2 if and only if @xmath3 for two in...
[ { "content": "su(2 ) einstein - yang - mills - higgs ( eymh ) theory , with the higgs field in the adjoint representation , possesses globally regular gravitating magnetic monopole solutions and corresponding magnetically charged black hole solutions @xcite . for small gravitational constant , \n the gravitatin...
[ { "content": "most astrophysical systems , e.g. accretion disks , stellar winds , the interstellar medium ( ism ) and intercluster medium are turbulent with an embedded magnetic field that influences almost all of their properties . \n this turbulence which spans from km to many kpc ( see discussion in armstron...
[ { "content": "in recent years , the standard model of electroweak interactions has been confirmed experimentally with outstanding success . \n not only was almost all the particle content discovered at accelerator experiments , but their properties and interactions have been measured with high precision , in ag...
[ { "content": "for a range of scientific studies including quantum computation , quantum information and quantum simulation , an important task is to learn and engineer quantum systems [ @xcite , @xcite ( @xcite , @xcite ) , @xcite , @xcite,@xcite , @xcite , and wang ( @xcite , @xcite ) ] . \n a quantum system ...
[ { "content": "let @xmath0 be an @xmath1-dimensional manifold , and let @xmath2 be a hyperplane distribution . \n we say the pair @xmath3 is a * contact manifold * if @xmath4 is maximally non - integrable . \n the primary example of a contact manifold we will use is the * one - jet manifold of @xmath5 * , @xmath...
[ { "content": "lattice qcd is the ideal approach not only for computing @xmath3 meson spectrum , but also for hybrids and glueballs . \n however , the lattice technique is not free of systematic errors . \n the wilson gauge and quark actions suffer from significant lattice spacing errors , which are smaller only...
[ { "content": "the identification of the higgs boson(s ) is one of the main goals of the large hadron collider ( lhc ) being built at cern . \n there are expectations that there exists a ` light ' higgs boson with mass @xmath6 gev . in this mass range \n , its detection at the lhc will be challenging . \n there...
[ { "content": "broad absorption lines ( bal ) quasars constitute about @xmath8 10 % of the overall quasar population . \n observationally , they are characterized by very broad ( @xmath9 at zero intensity ) and blue shifted absorption lines mostly from highly ionized species such as nv@xmath101240 , civ@xmath10...
[ { "content": "the generally accepted distance modulus to the large magellanic cloud ( lmc ) is @xmath4mag ( for recent discussion see westerlund 1997 , madore & freedman 1998 ) . however , there is a long standing @xmath5mag discrepancy between the `` long '' distance determined using cepheids ( e.g. laney & st...
[ { "content": "it is widely accepted that mechanical feedback from active galactic nuclei ( agns ) plays a key role in the evolution of galaxy clusters , suppressing cooling flows and the associated fast growth of central galaxies ( e.g. , @xcite ; @xcite ) . \n one of the most compelling evidences comes from mo...
[ { "content": "in the collision of two heavy ions one can generate for a very short time an atomic system with an effective charge which is the sum of the charges of the colliding nuclei . \n this is possible because electrons with a wavelength of 1/@xmath0 fm can not resolve structures far below this scale . fo...
[ { "content": "ring lasers ( rl ) are top sensitivity devices able to measure absolute rotations . \n the principle of operation of a ring laser is based on the sagnac effect @xcite . \n rls are very reliable instruments , with large bandwidth and very high duty cycle . \n the most advanced rls are indeed used f...
[ { "content": "position and momentum of a _ classical _ non - relativistic particle are intimately linked since the momentum variable generates spatial translations . \n mathematically , this important relation is embodied in the structure of the galilei group . \n it turns out to be even more fundamental for a ...
[ { "content": "coin flipping by telephone was first introduced with these words by manuel blum in 1981 : `` alice and bob [ ] have just divorced , live in different cities , want to decide who gets the car '' @xcite . \n they agree that the best thing to do is to flip a coin , but neither of them trusts the ot...
[ { "content": "this paper is the third of a series presenting results from studies of the qsos discovered in the apm survey for z 4 quasars . \n a study of the evolution of lyman limit absorption systems over the redshift range 0.04 @xmath28 z @xmath28 4.7 was presented in storrie - lombardi ( 1994 ) [ paper i...
[ { "content": "the 4@xmath5-metals , and their alloys and intermetallic compounds exhibit rich pressure - temperature - composition phase diagrams . often , transitions between different phases are accompanied by a dramatic change in the material properties , including abrupt volume variation , and in particular...
[ { "content": "the casimir effect @xcite is presently well known due to the many potential applications in both fundamental physics and nanotechnology . \n the casimir force is an extension of the van der waals interaction to larger separations between macroscopic bodies where the relativistic retardation of the...
[ { "content": "paraxial propagation of linearly polarized laser beams through transparent optical media with intensity dependent refractive index is mathematically equivalent to the free evolution of the wavefunction order parameter used in the mean - field description of a two - dimensional gas of @xmath0 inter...
[ { "content": "in this work the 4@xmath4 pure compact u(1 ) gauge theory is revisited . this model , being the prototype of gauge abelian interaction , has received a lot of attention through the years , since it constitutes a preliminary step in approaching qed . however , the questions related with the mechani...