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[ { "content": "an experiment using x - ray single crystal diffraction at the swiss - norwegian beam lines ( snbl ) of european synchrotron radiation facility ( esrf ) on a single crystal of cubic perovskite bmt ( @xmath0 ) has shown an interesting diffuse scattering pattern , consisting of cube - shaped domains ...
[ { "content": "graphene , one monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two - dimensional honeycomb lattice , is actively being pursued as a material for next - generation electronics due to its promising electronic properties , such as high carrier mobility @xcite , long phase coherence lengths @xcite . o...
[ { "content": "universal conductance fluctuations ( ucf s ) are one of the most meaningful manifestations of the quantum - interference electron transport in mesoscopic and nanoscale systems . \n @xcite in weakly disordered miniature metals and at low temperatures , the aperiodic \" ucf patterns are highly repr...
[ { "content": "pairs of high frequencies , known as kilohertz quasi - periodic oscillations ( khz qpos ) , have been detected in the x - ray emission of low - mass x - ray binaries ( lmxbs ) for more than 20 neutron stars and several black holes . \n it has been suggested that a non - linear resonance within an ...
[ { "content": "we thank s. v. kalinin , t. mikolajick , j. m@xmath1ller , t. schenk , d. g. schlom , u. schr@xmath26der , and d. vanderbilt for valuable discussions . s.e.r .- \n l . would like to thank s. trolier - mckinstry and c. randall for their hospitality at mri - penn state . \n this work was supported b...
[ { "content": "this article is concerned with a topological quantity , the so - called _ fixed - point index _ of a homeomorphism of jordan curves , which has proven useful in the study of various areas of complex analysis . \n we begin with its definition : a _ jordan curve _ is a homeomorphic image of a top...
[ { "content": "the nature of the galactic bulge morphology has been discussed using different interpretations over the last decades . \n its non - axisymmetry was quickly recognized with the arrival of the first near - infrared surveys ( e.g. , weiland et al . \n 1994 ; lpez - corredoira et al . \n 1997 ; babusi...
[ { "content": "cavity polaritons are half - light half - matter quasiparticles resulting from the strong coupling of the photon mode of a microcavity with an exciton resonance of the embedded semiconductor structure @xcite \n . being mixed exciton - photon quasiparticles , the cavity polaritons have integer ...
[ { "content": "images obtained through a turbulent medium ( like the atmosphere ) suffer from serious quality degradation . \n there are several methods developed to alleviate this problem . \n one of them is the adaptive optics @xcite , which is a method commonly used in astronomy , microscopy and surveillance ...
[ { "content": "the factorization calculation@xcite has successfully reproduced the decay rate for many two - body channels of @xmath0 decay . \n it has been argued@xcite that the factorization should become exact in the large @xmath7-quark mass limit and that the only deviation from the factorization is short - ...
[ { "content": "[ sec : defi ] the issue of this work is to introduce and to study the computational model of quantum finite state transducers . \n these can be understood as finite automata with the addition of an output tape which compute a relation between strings , instead of a decision ( which we read as a b...
[ { "content": "the search for dark matter is currently one of the most active fields of research in experimental astroparticle physics . \n common candidates are weakly interacting massive particles ( wimps ) , with only weak and gravitational interactions with normal matter , and which encompass a variety of pa...
[ { "content": "strontium ruthenate is an intriguing low t@xmath2 superconductor @xcite . \n it is widely believed to have spin triplet order parameter . \n the orbital symmetry of it , however , is still unknown . \n knight shift @xcite and spin susceptibility @xcite being constant below @xmath4 point to the chi...
[ { "content": "this paper is a follow - up of @xcite and establishes wegner - type ( more precisely , wegmer stollmann - type ) bounds for random continuous schrdinger operators . \n we focus here on a two - particle interactive anderson model in a continuous space , subject to a random external field with a co...
[ { "content": "the spectral excess theorem , due to fiol and garriga @xcite , states that a regular ( connected ) graph @xmath0 is distance - regular if and only if its spectral - excess ( a number which can be computed from the spectrum of @xmath0 ) equals its average excess ( the mean of the numbers of vertice...
[ { "content": "the ubiquitous camassa holm ( ch ) equation @xcite @xmath8 where @xmath9 is a constant , has been extensively studied due to its many intriguing properties . \n the aim of this paper is to construct a metric that renders the flow generated by the camassa \n holm equation lipschitz continuous on a...
[ { "content": "hipparcos parallaxes for clumping he burning red giants in the solar neighborhood have recently raised a large interest in the astronomical community , providing a new valuable ( though controversial ) tool to approach the problem of magellanic clouds distances ( see , e.g. , udalski et al . \n 19...
[ { "content": "novel metamaterials @xcite , in particular those for which the spatial distribution of optical parameters can be specifically tailor made , have proven to be a viable route to realize various linear , nonlinear or tunable optical properties and processes . amongst them , the hyperbolic metamateri...
[ { "content": "in @xcite kauffman defines an extension of classical knot diagrams to virtual knot diagrams , motivated by gauss codes on the one hand and knots in thickened surfaces on the other hand . \n several classical knot invariants can be generalized to the virtual theory without much effort , e.g. , the ...
[ { "content": "just like our sun , the line profile of hd209458 shows a double - horn emission with the distinguishing feature of intervening interstellar gas strongly absorbing the line core . from the signal left at the earth s orbit , \n @xcite ( hereafter ) initially claimed that hst / stis medium resolutio...
[ { "content": "the interpretation of the second solar spectrum requires taking into account a number of physical processes that are not relevant for the intensity spectrum . \n some of the lines observed in the second solar spectrum , like the nai d@xmath4 and d@xmath0 , cr i triplet at 5206 , baii d@xmath4 and...
[ { "content": "both indirect evidence @xcite and later direct imaging @xcite , have shown that disks are quite common in young stellar systems . \n these disks are commonly thought @xcite to be sites for planet or brown dwarf formation . a large fraction of stars are formed in binary systems @xcite and in the sa...
[ { "content": "since the seminal work by vilfredo pareto@xcite , it is known that the wealth distribution in capitalist economies shows a very peculiar and somehow universal functional form . in the range of low income \n , the cumulative distribution of wealth ( the probability that the wealth of an individual ...
[ { "content": "cool stars with a spectral type later than f5 ( cooler than about 6500k ) have convective outer layers , which when coupled with rotation , create a dynamo that amplifies magnetic fields and brings them to the stellar surface . \n radial magnetic field lines trap the stellar wind , forcing it to c...
[ { "content": "according to textbooks , gene expression is a very complicated dynamical process which is regulated at a number of its stages during the synthesis of proteins @xcite . similar to many big cities , with heavy traffic , biological cells host complicated traffic of biochemical signals at all levels ....
[ { "content": "one of the main interests in hypernuclear physics is to investigate how an addition of @xmath0 particle influences the properties of atomic nuclei . due to the absence of pauli s principle between nucleon and @xmath0 particle \n , it is believed that a @xmath0 hyperon can be treated as an _ impuri...
[ { "content": "the grand unified theories ( guts ) , which embed the standard model ( sm ) gauge group into a large single gauge group , are quite attractive , and so a variety of models of the theories are proposed since the earliest work based on the su(5 ) symmetry group was presented by georgi and glashow in...
[ { "content": "the interaction between matter and radiation is one of the fundamental mechanisms shaping the distribution of the baryonic component in the universe , from stellar to cosmological scales . \n this process often couples wildly different scales and the large dynamical range makes accurate modelling ...
[ { "content": "in the non perturbative regime of strongly interacting theories effective lagrangians play a dominant role since they efficiently describe the non perturbative dynamics in terms of the relevant degrees of freedom . \n symmetries , anomalous and exact , are used to constrain the effective lagrangia...
[ { "content": "convergent expansions such as linked cluster , hopping parameter or high temperature expansions provide an analytic alternative to monte carlo simulations . \n originally they have been developed in the infinite volume , meanwhile they have been extended to finite volumes as well @xcite . \n in co...
[ { "content": "planetary and proto - planetary nebulae ( pne , ppne ) present conspicuous departures from spherical symmetry , including e.g. multiple lobes and jets . to explain their evolution from spherical agb envelopes , \n several models have postulated the presence of dense rings or disks close to the cen...
[ { "content": "analyzing spike trains from hundreds of neurons to find significant temporal patterns is an important current research problem @xcite . by using experimental techniques such as micro electrode arrays or imaging of neural currents , \n spike data can be recorded simultaneously from many neurons @xc...
[ { "content": "any discussion of the role of carbon stars ( c stars ) in the chemical evolution of galaxies raises a number of important questions such as : for which metal abundances and initial stellar masses do stars become c stars ? how much mass does a star lose during its c star phase ? \n what are the ele...
[ { "content": "quantum dynamics of bosonic systems @xcite is a highly active branch of modern physics . \n it plays a crucial role in experiments with trapped ultra cold atomic or molecular clouds especially when external trap potentials are varied in time . \n theoretical predictions on the dynamics of quantum ...
[ { "content": "over the past decade , the analysis of particle multiplicities in heavy ion collions has shown overwhelming evidence for chemical equilibrium in the final state except for particles carrying strangeness which are mildly suppressed ; however , their relative yields fulfill statistical equilibrium ....
[ { "content": "since the concept of stellar populations was invented @xcite , stellar population synthesis ( sps ) has been proven to be a useful tool for revealing clues about galaxy formation @xcite . \n research on several crucial factors of stellar modelling , like convection , opacity , heavy - element mixi...
[ { "content": "let @xmath0 and @xmath1 be integers and @xmath2 or @xmath3 . \n a jacobi matrix with matrix entries is an operator of the form @xmath4 where @xmath5 are selfadjoint complex @xmath6 matrices and @xmath7 are invertible complex @xmath6 matrices . if @xmath3 , then the jacobi matrix is said to have di...
[ { "content": "matter which is exposed to strong external magnetic fields changes its basic properties and structure and leads to a variety of new phenomena . as a result strong fields are of importance in different branches of physics like atomic , molecular or solid state physics . for atomic and molecular sys...
[ { "content": "a wide range of detectors is difficult to calibrate using gamma or x - rays , because of the absence of full absorption peaks in the spectrum . \n in particular , it includes the detectors with spatial dimensions that are relatively small compared to the mean path of calibration source gamma rays ...
[ { "content": "recently methods of noncommutative geometry ( @xcite ) were used to introduce a covariant regularization procedure for quantum fields on the 2 sphere ( @xcite ) . \n there is hope that with these methods there will be a nonperturbative understanding of quantum effects . for a treatment of the chir...
[ { "content": "the enormous amounts of energy emitted by the centers of active galaxies are believed to be from accretion of matter onto supermassive black holes ( smbhs ) lying there ( e.g. , * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n feedback from active galactic nuclei ( agn ) strongly influences the formation ...
[ { "content": "as is well - known unitarity triangle fits indicate the prominent role of the cabbibo - kobayashi - maskawa ( ckm ) mechanism@xcite in cp violation and flavour physics . the huge amount and the variety of cp collected data allows for a systematic search of physics beyond the standard model ( sm)@x...
[ { "content": "let @xmath0 denote @xmath1 letters of a process where each letter is drawn from a finite set @xmath2 with joint probability mass function ( pmf ) @xmath3 . \n let @xmath4 be a realization and suppose that we wish to guess this realization by asking questions of the form `` is @xmath5 ? '' , steppi...
[ { "content": "in this paper we consider the simplest of electrical networks , namely those that consist of only resistors . \n the electrical properties of such a network @xmath1 are completely described by the _ response matrix _ @xmath2 , which computes the current that flows through the network when certain ...
[ { "content": "[ section : intro ] one of the great surprises in the search for worlds orbiting other stars was the discovery of a class of close orbiting extrasolar giant planets ( cegps ) . \n the existence of such objects did not fit with the formation scenarios used to explain the arrangement of planets i...
[ { "content": "because of the limited accuracy of available functionals , density functional theory ( dft ) fails for a large number of correlated systems . \n there are numerous examples for which dft can not describe neither their ground state properties , nor their excitation properties . \n thus , in order t...
[ { "content": "it is clear from the papers presented at this workshop that studies of ultrasoft narrow - line seyfert 1 galaxies ( nls1s ) have undergone exciting growth over the past few years . \n progress has been made defining their phenomenological properties ; nls1s show extreme spectral shapes and variab...
[ { "content": "disordered optical potentials used in current experiments are created by shining coherent laser beams through diffusive plates , as sketched in fig . [ \n fig : speckle ] . \n the shift of atomic energy levels due to light - matter coupling is proportional to the intensity of radiation @xmath0 , ...
[ { "content": "as a consequence of the inelasticity of collisions , granular fluids exhibit a series of behaviors that are in sharp contrast with those of molecular fluids . \n one of them is the absence of energy equipartition in a granular mixture of mechanically different species . \n the granular temperature...
[ { "content": "the first major question in the study of high - mass star formation is whether or not the process is a scaled - up version of the formation of low - mass stars , which are known to form by accretion via a disk , and to disperse their natal envelopes through bipolar outflows . at the other extreme ...
[ { "content": "the outer atmosphere of the sun , the solar corona , is most clearly discernible when seen in soft x - rays . since the early rocket experiments in the late 1960s \n , it has become widely recognized that soft x - ray imagery of the sun provides a powerful means to investigate physical conditions ...
[ { "content": "classical or recurrent novae are typically characterized by a rapid optical increase of 6 magnitudes or more followed by a decline to quiescence over the next @xmath7 days @xcite . \n they originate from an accreting binary system consisting of a white dwarf ( wd ) and a mass - losing late - type ...
[ { "content": "in the early morning hours of june 1 , 2009 , air france flight af 447 , with 228 passengers and crew aboard , disappeared during stormy weather over the atlantic while on a flight from rio de janeiro to paris . upon receiving notification of the crash , \n the french bureau denqutes et danalyses ...
[ { "content": "density functional theory ( dft ) has proven itself a remarkably successful tool in condensed matter physics@xcite . \n the foundations were laid in 1964 , when hohenberg and kohn ( hk)@xcite proved that the ground state energy of any quantum mechanical system could be described as a functional of...
[ { "content": "it is well known that the properties of biological vesicles and membrane cells strongly depend on the their constituent blocks , usually composed of phospholipid bilayers with embedded proteins . \n these molecules are in general anisotropic ( rod or plate - like ) and the demixed states usually h...
[ { "content": "one of the effects of dependence in a time series is that extremes tend to cluster . \n this has applied implications to risk contagion over time but is also mathematically interesting and the challenge is to precisely relate the dependence structure to the clustering . for markov dependence , \n ...
[ { "content": "the lhcb detector @xcite at the large hadron collider is dedicated to study the physics in the decay of b - flavoured and other heavy hadrons . at the nominal luminosity of @xmath0 at the location of lhcb and a production cross section of @xmath1 at 14tev proton - proton collisions , @xmath2 pai...
[ { "content": "graphene is a very promising table - top laboratory to indirectly probe some of the fundamental mysteries of nature @xcite . \n the low energy regime of its @xmath3 electrons is very well described by an effective theory that shares many of the features of a massless dirac quantum field theory ( q...
[ { "content": "since the famous experiments of taylor @xcite in long cylinders many experimental and theoretical investigations of the interesting phenomena of arising and evolution of taylor vortices were done . \n the main part of these studies was devoted to cases of long cylinders . \n it was done under the ...
[ { "content": "einstein , podolsky , and rosen ( epr ) showed that quantum mechanics is incomplete , in the sense that not every element of reality has a counterpart inside the theory @xcite . \n epr proposed the following criterion to identify an element of reality : `` if , without in any way disturbing a syst...
[ { "content": "we start with the schrdinger equation in @xmath1 at a fixed positive energy @xmath2\\psi(x,\\alpha)=0\\qquad\\text{in } \\mathbb{r}^3\\ ] ] whose scattering solution takes the form @xmath3 where @xmath4 is the direction of the incident wave and @xmath5 is the scattering amplitude . \n the followin...
[ { "content": "a lot of research in the field of information retrieval aims at improving the _ quality _ of search results . \n search quality might for instance be improved by new scoring functions , new indexing approaches , new query ( re-)formulation approaches , etc . to make a scientific judgment of the qu...
[ { "content": "a property of critical importance for complex networks is their resilience to damage or attack @xcite \n . one fascinating demonstration of the underlying complexity of these systems is that compromise in structure can be substantial even after the loss of a very small number of nodes @xcite . \n ...
[ { "content": "frustrated magnets have been a focal point of the research on magnetism for the past two decades . in this article , the influence of geometrical frustration on the magnetic properties of the family of rare - earth strontium oxides , @xmath0 , ( where @xmath1gd , dy , ho , er , tm , and yb ) is di...
[ { "content": "in microrheology , the mechanical properties of a substance are studied by monitoring the trajectories of single particles @xcite . \n thereby , one distinguishes between two different modes : passive microrheology , in which the equilibrium properties of the material are probed by studying the mo...
[ { "content": "in comparison with a central region of very small rapidities , @xmath2 , the forward rapidity region allows to study processes corresponding to much higher initial energies accessible at mid rapidities . \n if a particle with mass @xmath3 and transverse momentum @xmath1 is produced in a hard react...
[ { "content": "in @xcite , we proved the riemmanian penrose inequality with charge for multiple black holes . [ crpi ] \n let @xmath0 be a strongly asymptotically flat initial data set for the einstein - maxwell equations with outermost minimal surface boundary of area @xmath1 , with adm mass @xmath2 , and t...
[ { "content": "this paper is mostly an expository survey , centered on the topology of complements of hyperplane arrangements , their milnor fibrations , and their boundary structures . \n the presentation is loosely based on a set of notes for a mini - course given at the conference \n arrangements in pyrnes \"...
[ { "content": "sensitivity of diffractive lepto and photoproduction to the gluon density in the proton gives an excellent tool to test these structure functions . \n intensive experimental study of diffractive processes were performed in desy @xcite . \n theoretical analysis shows that the cross sections of diff...
[ { "content": "time - of - flight measurements are a standard tool for many experimentalists . since the particles or atoms involved are usually fast , their center - of - mass motion is typically treated classically , yielding a simple description of the time - of - flight measurement . but as the diffraction a...
[ { "content": "in the mixed state of type - ii superconductors the magnetic field is concentrated in an array of flexible flux bundles that , much like ordinary matter , can form crystalline , liquid and glassy phases.@xcite in clean systems the vortex solid melts into a flux liquid via a first order phase trans...
[ { "content": "the lennard - jones potential energy problem is to construct the most stable form of @xmath0 atoms of some material with the minimal energy structure . \n its form in mathematics is very simple : @xmath8 where @xmath2 , @xmath9 is the coordinates of atom @xmath4 , @xmath6 , and @xmath7 . \n howeve...
[ { "content": "in their celebrated paper @xcite , otto and villani proved that , in a smooth riemannian setting , the log - sobolev inequality implies the talagrand s transport - entropy inequality @xmath0 . \n later , bobkov , gentil and ledoux @xcite proposed an alternative proof of this result . \n both appro...
[ { "content": "are the dark matter halos of lsb galaxies `` cuspy '' nfw halos , or are they `` cored '' isothermal halos ? \n nfw halos can be fit to the observations , but the cosmological parameters implied by the fits are inconsistent with the standard lcdm picture . \n isothermal halos provide much better f...
[ { "content": "in the open quantum system approach@xcite , the evolution of a system interacting with an environment is described in an effective way , that is , the interaction with the environment is incorporated in the description of the evolution of the system . in general , the effects produced by the inter...
[ { "content": "the measurement of the cabibbo - kobayashi - maskawa ( ckm ) matrix @xcite element @xmath0 is currently one of the important goals of @xmath1 physics . \n standard model predictions employ the fundamental parameter @xmath0 as input . as the experiments at the @xmath1 factories are starting to take...
[ { "content": "growing concerns over the limited supply of fossil - based fuels are motivating intense activity in the search for alternative road transportation propulsion systems . regulatory pressures to reduce urban pollution , \n @xmath0 emissions and city noise have made electric vehicles ( evs ) @xcite an...
[ { "content": "capacitively coupled plasma ( ccp ) radio frequency discharges are frequently used for applications such as plasma etching or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition ( pecvd ) processes in integrated circuit manufacturing . \n impact by energetic electrons leads to dissociation and ionization of...
[ { "content": "pre - main sequence ( pms ) late - type stars are known to be x - ray sources ( see walter et al . \n 1988 , bouvier 1990 and neuhuser et al . \n 1995 ) . in the evolution of these stars to the main sequence ( ms ) , there is a state usually defined as post - t tauri stars ( ptts ) . \n ptts were ...
[ { "content": "0 the study of the matter distributions in the borromean nucleus @xmath3 and the neutron rich isotope @xmath4 is an actual problem discussed in many papers ( see , e.g. , in @xcite and refs . therein ) . \n investigations give a reason to expect long tails ( halo ) of the neutron densities . \n th...
[ { "content": "it is generally considered that a full understanding of the masses and associated mixings of the quarks and leptons is one of the chief unsolved problems in elementary particle physics . \n while a great deal of experimental knowledge about quark masses and mixings has been available for quite a l...
[ { "content": "since their first detection by cobe , the cmb temperature fluctuations have become an essential tool for constraining cosmological parameters . from the beginning of 2000 , new experiments have released data set of good quality up to the third acoustic peak . \n better constraints have been obtain...
[ { "content": "it is not commonly known , but nevertheless well established since the work of khalfin in 1958@xcite , extended by numerous other authors in the intervening years ( i.e. @xcite that for times long compared to the characteristic decay time of a metastable quantum state , the decay of such states is...
[ { "content": "it is well known that supersymmetric models with conserved @xmath2-parity contain one new stable particle which is a candidate for cold dark matter ( cdm ) @xcite . \n there are very strong constraints , however , forbidding the existence of stable or long lived particles which are not color and e...
[ { "content": "behaviour in field theories with nonlocal interactions in the time - like momentum region is the central concern of this paper . \n nonlocal quantum field theory has a long history . \n initially it was invented as an attempt at solving the problem of uv divergences . \n however after the developm...
[ { "content": "a quick search through the nasa / ads abstract service indicates that more than @xmath0 5000 papers were published over the past five years on agns ! clearly , a comprehensive review of this literature is well beyond the scope of the present article . \n the present review highlights important res...
[ { "content": "the minimal standard model ( sm ) is a very successful theory of the elementary particles known today . \n but it should not be the final theory , because it has too many unknown parameters to be put by hand . \n most of these parameters are in the fermion part of the theory . \n we do nt know the...
[ { "content": "following the discovery in 1961 of @xmath8 meson in @xmath0 reactions , the measurements of forward - backward asymmetry in @xmath9 suggested the existence of a rho - like resonance in the @xmath2-wave amplitudes , later referred to as @xmath10 scalar meson @xcite . \n the cern measurements of @x...
[ { "content": "enormous effort has gone into understanding the nature of sub - mm selected galaxies since they were first discovered with the submillimetre common user bolometer array ( scuba , holland et al . \n 1999 ) just under a decade ago ( e.g. smail et al . 1997 ; barger et al . 1998 ; hughes et al . \...
[ { "content": "it is wellknown that for relatively short polymer chains the standard rouse model can describe the dynamics of a melt reasonably well @xcite . on the contrary , for chain length \n @xmath3 exceeding a critical length , the entanglement length @xmath4 , the behavior is usually described by the rept...
[ { "content": "the intrinsic geometrical properties of the bloch band is of great importance in solid state physics . to zeroth order in electromagnetic fields , \n the effective mass tensor reflects the curvature of band dispersions , which describes the low energy behaviour near band extrema and enters into th...
[ { "content": "although direct manifestations of new physics are searched for at the high energy frontier , new phenomena can also be looked for at low energies via precision measurements . \n the new effects might be observed in rare decays of the positronium ( see e.g. @xcite ) . \n positronium ( ps ) , the po...
[ { "content": "recent breathtaking advances in our understanding of the mathematical structure of scattering amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric yang - mills theory ( sym ) have so far had the most dramatic impact on tree - level amplitudes or quantities ( such as leading singularities or the planar integrand...
[ { "content": "quantum superposition and its resulting interference are arguably the most fundamental effects in quantum mechanics , which leads to the concept of complementarity . in 1927 , bohr@xcite first reviewed this subject , claimed that the wave- and particle - like behaviors of a quantum mechanical obje...
[ { "content": "simple fluids are dominated by excluded volume effects , which , within lattice gas models , are accounted for by the single occupancy constraint , whereby each site on a lattice can be occupied by at most one molecule . \n effective interactions between macromolecules or self - assembled aggregat...
[ { "content": "molecular simulation is a well - established approach for the analysis of fluid interfaces and their molecular structure . \n much work has been dedicated to the interfacial tension.@xcitefor a fluid interface , there are ( at least ) three different aspects in which its size can be varied , each ...
[ { "content": "there have recently been a number of suggestions for a quantum computer architecture that use quantum dots of varying kinds@xcite . \n if these schemes are to be practical many important physical questions need to be answered , one of which is how to readout physical properties such as charge or s...
[ { "content": "in this paper we introduce a new approach for approximately counting in bounded degree systems with higher - order constraints . \n for example , if we are given a cnf formula @xmath0 with @xmath3 variables and @xmath4 clauses with the property that each clause contains at least @xmath1 variables ...
[ { "content": "the lightest nuclei can be accurately modeled as systems of nucleons interacting via effective two- and three - body forces motivated e.g. by meson exchange . \n this picture is expected to break down at a higher energy scale , where the physics is more efficiently described in terms of subnuclear...
[ { "content": "edge ideals of graphs have been extensively studied by several authors ( see for instance @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite ) . in recent years the interest focused on a generalization of the notion of graph , the so - called _ clutter _ ( see @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , ...