{"question_id": "cogbench_26836", "question_text": "A nurse in an emergency department is taking a medication history on a new client. The client reports previously experiencing flushing, itching, and low blood pressure after taking an opioid for pain caused by a bone fracture but does not recall the name of the medication. The nurse suspects that the client was most likely taking which opioid?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9869}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06869", "question_text": "What are the similarities and differences between the processes in a photocopier and an electrostatic precipitator?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18960", "question_text": "Find an expression forSn=\u00e2\u0088\u0091i=0nxiSn=\u00e2\u0088\u0091i=0nxiin terms ofbbandx0.x0.What does it physically represent?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9728}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07937", "question_text": "The principle of equivalence states that all experiments done in a lab in a uniform gravitational field cannot be distinguished from those done in a lab that is not in a gravitational field but is uniformly accelerating. For the latter case, consider what happens to a laser beam at some height shot perfectly horizontally to the floor, across the accelerating lab. (View this from a nonaccelerating frame outside the lab.) Relative to the height of the laser, where will the laser beam hit the far wall? What does this say about the effect of a gravitational field on light? Does the fact that light has no mass make any difference to the argument?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9046}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25662", "question_text": "Explain what is meant bytrade-off theory.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15093", "question_text": "Most harmonic oscillators are damped and, if undriven, eventually come to a stop. How is this observation related to the second law of thermodynamics?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6083}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19207", "question_text": "What does pseudocode spell out in natural language?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5099}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11597", "question_text": "Why are negative feedback loops used to control body homeostasis?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9609}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03402", "question_text": "White vinegar is a 5.0% by mass solution of acetic acid in water. If the density of white vinegar is 1.007 g/cm 3 , what is the pH?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3663}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13299", "question_text": "A sulfur atom and a sulfur molecule are not identical. What is the difference?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8704}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05324", "question_text": "A neutral \\pi -meson is a particle that can be created by accelerator beams. If one such particle lives 1\\text{.}{\\text{40} \\times \\text{10}^{- \\text{16}}}\\ \\text{s} as measured in the laboratory, and 0\\text{.}{\\text{840} \\times \\text{10}^{- \\text{16}}}\\ \\text{s} when at rest relative to an observer, what is its velocity relative to the laboratory?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7838}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19941", "question_text": "What are two courses of action an organization can take when acquiring new cloud-based environments?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7024}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05476", "question_text": "{}^{2}\\text{H} is a loosely bound isotope of hydrogen. Called deuterium or heavy hydrogen, it is stable but relatively rare\u2014it is 0.015% of natural hydrogen. Note that deuterium has Z = N , which should tend to make it more tightly bound, but both are odd numbers. Calculate BE/A , the binding energy per nucleon, for {}^{2}\\text{H} and compare it with the approximate value obtained from the graph in [Figure 31.24](31-6-binding-energy) .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9686}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21732", "question_text": "International political economy ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6109}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06335", "question_text": "What are the prerequisites for the existence of a city?    A. Good environment with water and a favorable climate   B. Advanced agricultural technology    C. Strong social organization   D. All of the above", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6358}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00819", "question_text": "If y and z are both solutions to y\\text{''} + 2y^{\\prime} + y = 0, then y + z is also a solution.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9646}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12659", "question_text": "A molecule of hemoglobin ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.751}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18445", "question_text": "If $360 is deposited monthly in a mutual fund that is expected to earn 9.35% compounded monthly, how much will the mutual fund be worth after 23 years?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9666}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05384", "question_text": "At what velocity will an electron have a wavelength of 1.00 m?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9375}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22918", "question_text": "Dopamine-beta-Hydroxylase is found within the ________ and converts dopamine into ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6083}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20781", "question_text": "Occasionally, a government official will argue that a country should strive for both a trade surplus and a healthy inflow of capital from abroad. Is this possible?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04084", "question_text": "[LO 1.2](1-2-identify-users-of-accounting-information-and-how-they-apply- information) Research your top five career choices. Identify financial factors that might influence your career choice. The following websites might be helpful in answering this question.    * Occupational Outlook Handbook: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/   * National Association of Colleges and Employers: http://www.naceweb.org/   * O*Net OnLine: https://www.onetonline.org/find/", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9889}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14775", "question_text": "How many times higher could an astronaut jump on the Moon than on Earth if his takeoff speed is the same in both locations (gravitational acceleration on the Moon is about 1/6 ofggon Earth)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9936}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12513", "question_text": "What type of receptor cell is responsible for transducing pain stimuli?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7328}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22929", "question_text": "The two most common neurotransmitters in the brain are:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9053}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26308", "question_text": "LO12.4What are the characteristics of successful balanced scorecards?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04848", "question_text": "The engine of a large ship does 2\\text{.}\\text{00}\\times\\text{10}^{8}\\ \\text{J} of work with an efficiency of 5.00%. (a) How much heat transfer occurs to the environment? (b) How many barrels of fuel are consumed, if each barrel produces 6\\text{.}\\text{00}\\times\\text{10}^{9}\\ \\text{J} of heat transfer when burned?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6739}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18435", "question_text": "Find 47% of 31. Round to two decimal places.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00805", "question_text": "Find the volume when you revolve the region around the x\\text{-axis.}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01192", "question_text": "\\left\\\\{ \\begin{array}{l} {x + y = 12} \\\\\\ {x - y = -10} \\end{array} \\right.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9881}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26192", "question_text": "LO8.2What are some possible causes of a material quantity variance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9124}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20120", "question_text": "What type of data can be shared in a data science project?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4589}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03891", "question_text": "Investors sometimes fear that a high-risk investment is especially likely to have low returns. Is this fear true? Does a high risk mean the return must be low?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5565}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21617", "question_text": "This type of vote takes place when some members of the parliament no longer support the government.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9371}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22199", "question_text": "Why is the perspective one uses in explaining a psychological disorder important?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20794", "question_text": "For each of the following, indicate which type of government spending would justify a budget deficit and which would not.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8676}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09157", "question_text": "Which of the following is an example of a systemic autoimmune disease?    A. Hashimoto thyroiditis   B. type I diabetes mellitus   C. Graves disease   D. myasthenia gravis", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9444}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06144", "question_text": "The primary decay mode for the negative pion is \\pi^{\\text{\u2212}}\\rightarrow\\mu^{\\text{\u2212}} + {\\overset{\\text{\u2212}}{\\nu}}_{\\mu}. (a) What is the energy release in MeV in this decay? (b) Using conservation of momentum, how much energy does each of the decay products receive, given the \\pi^{\\text{\u2212}} is at rest when it decays? You may assume the muon antineutrino is massless and has momentum p = E\\text{/}c , just like a photon.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8667}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11252", "question_text": "In addition to providing yogurt with its unique flavor and texture, lactic acid-producing bacteria also provide which additional benefit during food production?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03766", "question_text": "Why do economists use the _ceteris paribus_ assumption?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04845", "question_text": "Unreasonable Results What is wrong with the claim that a cyclical heat engine does 4.00 kJ of work on an input of 24.0 kJ of heat transfer while 16.0 kJ of heat transfers to the environment?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7311}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21388", "question_text": "The \u00e2\u0080\u009cspoils system\u00e2\u0080\u009d allocated political appointments on the basis of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7752}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06892", "question_text": "An electron enters a region between two large parallel plates made of aluminum separated by a distance of 2.0 cm and kept at a potential difference of 200 V. The electron enters through a small hole in the negative plate and moves toward the positive plate. At the time the electron is near the negative plate, its speed is 4.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{5}\\ \\text{m/s}\\text{.} Assume the electric field between the plates to be uniform, and find the speed of electron at (a) 0.10 cm, (b) 0.50 cm, (c) 1.0 cm, and (d) 1.5 cm from the negative plate, and (e) immediately before it hits the positive plate.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24166", "question_text": "Who were the main combatants in the French and Indian War? France against Native AmericansGreat Britain against Native AmericansGreat Britain against FranceGreat Britain against the French and their Native American allies", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17429", "question_text": "The miles per gallon rating for 30 cars are shown below (lowest to highest).19, 19, 19, 20, 21, 21, 25, 25, 25, 26, 26, 28, 29, 31, 31, 32, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 37, 38, 38, 38, 38, 41, 43, 43", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9837}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20285", "question_text": "If demand is inelastic, will shifts in supply have a larger effect on equilibrium price or on quantity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9678}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10897", "question_text": "A diploid cell has_______ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9827}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22049", "question_text": "An early science that tried to correlate personality with measurements of parts of a person\u00e2\u0080\u0099s skull is known as ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9861}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21422", "question_text": "Whose role is more important in a democracy, the policy advocate\u00e2\u0080\u0099s or the policy analyst\u00e2\u0080\u0099s? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22605", "question_text": "The ability to draw conclusions about another person\u00e2\u0080\u0099s intentions and beliefs is called:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10333", "question_text": "Solve for t\\text{:}    A. \u24d0 when d=403d=403 and r=65r=65   B. \u24d1 in general", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9909}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20940", "question_text": "What are some of the reasons a central bank is likely to care, at least to some extent, about the exchange rate?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9961}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09077", "question_text": "The ________ collects data and conducts epidemiologic studies at the global level.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9896}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15108", "question_text": "Elephants and whales are known to use infrasound to communicate over very large distances. What are the advantages of infrasound for long distance communication?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9576}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03211", "question_text": "When is the boiling point of a liquid equal to its normal boiling point?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17099", "question_text": "Describe the spectra for a spectroscopic binary for a system comprised of an F-type and L-type star. Assume that the system is too far away to be able to easily observe the L-type star.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7629}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02990", "question_text": "Calculate the enthalpy of solution (\u0394 _H_ for the dissolution) per mole of NH 4 NO 3 under the conditions described in [Example 5.6](5-2-calorimetry) .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20824", "question_text": "If new government regulations require firms to use a cleaner technology that is also less efficient than what they previously used, what would the effect be on output, the price level, and employment using the AD/AS diagram?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01500", "question_text": "\\sqrt[6]{v}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8828}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06162", "question_text": "Weber believed humans could not be studied purely objectively because they were influenced by:    A. drugs   B. their culture   C. their genetic makeup   D. the researcher", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06922", "question_text": "A 4.00-pF is connected in series with an 8.00-pF capacitor and a 400-V potential difference is applied across the pair. (a) What is the charge on each capacitor? (b) What is the voltage across each capacitor?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7063}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22524", "question_text": "Based on guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control  and Prevention, how many hours of sleep a night do adolescents need for optimal functioning?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9818}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24340", "question_text": "Based on the text of the Lincoln-Douglas debates, what was the position of the Republican Party in 1858? Was the Republican Party an abolitionist party? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8853}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20736", "question_text": "How do economists use a basket of goods and services to measure the price level?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09770", "question_text": "How does executive pay in the United States compare to that in other countries?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22808", "question_text": "Evaluate the impact of gender, race, and ethnicity on the use of social support in late adulthood. How do these factors influence the reliance on formal versus informal social support systems? Use research findings to support your analysis.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7134}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06714", "question_text": "If a refrigerator discards 80 J of heat per cycle and its coefficient of performance is 6.0, what are (a) the quantity off heat it removes per cycle from a cold reservoir and (b) the amount of work per cycle required for its operation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9699}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07787", "question_text": "A clock is mounted on the wall. As you look at it, what is the direction of the angular velocity vector of the second hand?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01947", "question_text": "\\frac{1}{2} - \\frac{4}{x^{2}} \\geq \\frac{1}{x}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6292}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10473", "question_text": "Describe the British southern strategy and its results.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11065", "question_text": "A scientist observes that a cell has an RNA polymerase deficiency that prevents it from making proteins. Describe three additional observations that would together support the conclusion that a defect in RNA polymerase I activity, and not problems with the other polymerases, causes the defect.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9801}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03437", "question_text": "What [F \u2013 ] is required to reduce [Ca 2+ ] to 1.0 \\times 10 \u20134 _M_ by precipitation of CaF 2 ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06312", "question_text": "Sociologist G. William Domhoff\u2019s _Who Rules America?_ asserts that wealth is often necessary to exert the most influence over social and political systems. This is a ____ perspective.    A. conflict theory   B. symbolic interactionist   C. functionalist   D. feminist", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24935", "question_text": "Psychological appeals succeed when they ________. make consumers feel better about themselveslet consumers compare themselves to their peersshow consumers how to save moneyintroduce new products", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9769}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18201", "question_text": "The Sextans Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy has diameter 8,400 light years (ly). Express this in Scientific notation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05857", "question_text": "Suppose an electron in a hydrogen atom makes a transition from the ( _n+1_ )th orbit to the _n_ th orbit. Is the wavelength of the emitted photon longer for larger values of _n_ , or for smaller values of _n_ ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9318}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11456", "question_text": "Which of the following feather types helps to reduce drag produced by wind resistance during flight?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9674}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15577", "question_text": "How strongly is a hypothesis supported by evidence compared to a theory?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9933}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06427", "question_text": "Initially, to whom were copyrights given?    A. Authors.   B. Artists.   C. Printers and publishers.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9448}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25640", "question_text": "Explain why the standard deviation of a data set cannot be a negative value.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8328}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08652", "question_text": "Bacterial cell walls are primarily composed of which of the following?    A. phospholipid   B. protein   C. carbohydrate   D. peptidoglycan", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9807}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09591", "question_text": "[LO 9.4](9-4-describe-the-effects-of-various-decisions-on-performance- evaluation-of-responsibility-centers) Internal costs that are charged to the segments of a business are called ________.    A. controllable costs   B. variable costs   C. fixed costs   D. allocated costs", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.877}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01570", "question_text": "y = x^{2} - 4x + 10", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5326}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06297", "question_text": "What term describes the separation of students based on merit?    A. Cultural transmission   B. Social control   C. Sorting   D. Hidden curriculum", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9916}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15172", "question_text": "Explain whyR=R0(1+\u00ce\u00b1\u00ce\u0094T)R=R0(1+\u00ce\u00b1\u00ce\u0094T)for the temperature variation of the resistanceRRof an object is not as accurate as\u00cf\u0081=\u00cf\u00810(1+\u00ce\u00b1\u00ce\u0094T)\u00cf\u0081=\u00cf\u00810(1+\u00ce\u00b1\u00ce\u0094T), which gives the temperature variation of resistivity\u00cf\u0081\u00cf\u0081.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8084}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21014", "question_text": "In low-income countries, does it make sense to argue that most of the people without long-term jobs are unemployed?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9293}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12099", "question_text": "Choose the term that best completes the following analogy: Cytoplasm is to cytosol as a swimming pool containing chlorine and flotation toys is to ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5854}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08604", "question_text": "Which of the following is a correct usage of binomial nomenclature?    A. Homo Sapiens   B. _homo sapiens_   C. _Homo sapiens_   D. _Homo Sapiens_", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9795}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14487", "question_text": "Balance each reaction below, and write a cell schematic representing the reaction as it would occur in a galvanic cell. (a)Al(s)+Zr4+(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Al3+(aq)+Zr(s)Al(s)+Zr4+(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Al3+(aq)+Zr(s) (b)Ag+(aq)+NO(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Ag(s)+NO3\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)(acidic solution)Ag+(aq)+NO(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Ag(s)+NO3\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)(acidic solution) (c)SiO32\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)+Mg(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Si(s)+Mg(OH)2(s)(basic solution)SiO32\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)+Mg(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Si(s)+Mg(OH)2(s)(basic solution) (d)ClO3\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)+MnO2(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Cl\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)+MnO4\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)(basic solution)ClO3\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)+MnO2(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Cl\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)+MnO4\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)(basic solution)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9568}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12438", "question_text": "Movements of the body occur at joints. Describe how muscles are arranged around the joints of the body.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9961}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13319", "question_text": "How many significant figures are contained in each of the following measurements? (a) 53 cm (b) 2.05\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u0097108m (c) 86,002 J (d) 9.740\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u0097104m/s (e) 10.0613 m3 (f) 0.17 g/mL (g) 0.88400 s", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9767}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06762", "question_text": "How would you experimentally distinguish an electric field from a gravitational field?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7304}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23564", "question_text": "According to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur where?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25133", "question_text": "Antitrust law:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6154}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07326", "question_text": "What should you do after obtaining a numerical answer when solving a problem?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7425}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13212", "question_text": "Which is the most diverse group of seedless vascular plants?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23219", "question_text": "The experimental procedures Paul Eckman used to generate his initial findings onemotion identificationwere also applied to three separate groups of non-English speaking natives in New Guinea. It was necessary for Eckman to conduct this study to:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9767}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26425", "question_text": "As a result of your answer toExercise 8.15, state the exact distribution to use when calculating the confidence interval.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9506}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03432", "question_text": "The following concentrations are found in mixtures of ions in equilibrium with slightly soluble solids. From the concentrations given, calculate _K_ sp for each of the slightly soluble solids indicated: (a) TlCl: [Tl + ] = 1.21 \\times 10 \u20132 _M_ , [Cl \u2013 ] = 1.2 \\times 10 \u20132 _M_ (b) Ce(IO 3 ) 4 : [Ce 4+ ] = 1.8 \\times 10 \u20134 _M_ , \\lbrack\\text{IO}_{3}{}^{\\text{\u2212}}\\rbrack = 2.6 \\times 10 \u201313 _M_ (c) Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 : [Gd 3+ ] = 0.132 _M_ , \\lbrack\\text{SO}_{\\text{4}}{}^{\\text{2\u2212}}\\rbrack = 0.198 _M_ (d) Ag 2 SO 4 : [Ag + ] = 2.40 \\times 10 \u20132 _M_ , \\lbrack\\text{SO}_{\\text{4}}{}^{\\text{2\u2212}}\\rbrack = 2.05 \\times 10 \u20132 _M_ (e) BaSO 4 : [Ba 2+ ] = 0.500 _M_ , \\lbrack\\text{SO}_{\\text{4}}{}^{\\text{2\u2212}}\\rbrack = 2.16 \\times 10 \u221210 _M_", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4783}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24480", "question_text": "What barriers did Wilson face in his efforts to ratify the Treaty of Versailles? What objections did those opposed to the treaty voice?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9814}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10956", "question_text": "Many farmers are worried about the decreasing genetic diversity of plants associated with generations of artificial selection and inbreeding. Why is limiting random sexual reproduction of food crops concerning?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.601}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07489", "question_text": "An astronaut on Mars kicks a soccer ball at an angle of 45\\text{\u00b0} with an initial velocity of 15 m/s. If the acceleration of gravity on Mars is 3.7\\text{m/}\\text{s}^{2} , (a) what is the range of the soccer kick on a flat surface? (b) What would be the range of the same kick on the Moon, where gravity is one-sixth that of Earth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9778}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15073", "question_text": "In some Northern European nations, homes are being built without heating systems of any type. They are very well insulated and are kept warm by the body heat of the residents. However, when the residents are not at home, it is still warm in these houses. What is a possible explanation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8833}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10101", "question_text": "1.6 + \\frac{3}{8}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7753}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20330", "question_text": "What are diminishing marginal returns as they relate to costs?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20826", "question_text": "Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) has the potential to significantly increase the amount of natural gas produced in the United States. If a large percentage of factories and utility companies use natural gas, what will happen to output, the price level, and employment as fracking becomes more widely used?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5864}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23386", "question_text": "What is one of the main functions of the ascending reticular activation system (ARAS)?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5261}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21526", "question_text": "Voter ID laws can be a form of _____________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9348}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18567", "question_text": "FindBC\u00e2\u0086\u0092\u00e2\u0088\u00aaCD\u00e2\u0086\u0092.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04082", "question_text": "[LO 1.5](1-5-describe-the-varied-career-paths-open-to-individuals-with-an- accounting-education) Which of the following is typically required for entry- level positions in the accounting profession?    A. bachelor\u2019s degree   B. master\u2019s degree   C. Certified Public Accountant (CPA)   D. Certified Management Accountant (CMA)   E. only a high school diploma", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4594}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01482", "question_text": "\\sqrt{r - 4} - r = -10", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7184}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12403", "question_text": "What changes occur at the cellular level in response to resistance training?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9103}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01227", "question_text": "(7y^{2} - 8y) - (y - 4)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.813}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10385", "question_text": "\\left( \\frac{5m}{n} \\right)^{3}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4434}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00850", "question_text": "the difference of x and 4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5178}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26407", "question_text": "A question is asked of a class of 200 first-year students, and 23% of the students know the correct answer. If a sample of 50 students is taken\nrepeatedly, what is the standard deviation of the mean of the sampling\ndistribution of sample proportions?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7747}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18410", "question_text": "Using the amortization table below, what is the remaining balance after payment 25?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8792}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14143", "question_text": "Assuming the diagrams inExercise 12.81represent different mechanisms for the same reaction, which of the reactions has the faster rate?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5034}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16455", "question_text": "Yes or no\u00e2\u0080\u0094If a bar magnet moves through a wire loop as shown in the figure, is a current induced in the loop? Explain why or why not.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5668}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06087", "question_text": "A sample of radioactive material is obtained from a very old rock. A plot ln _A_ verses _t_ yields a slope value of \\text{\u2212}10^{-9}\\text{s}^{-1} (see [Figure 10.10](10-3-radioactive-decay) (b)). What is the half-life of this material?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8405}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16343", "question_text": "Which magnitude of charge is stored on each plate of a 12 \u00c2\u00b5F capacitor with 12 V applied across it?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9949}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18696", "question_text": "Draw a graph to represent the classrooms of the elementary school in which each vertex is a classroom and an edge between two vertices indicates that there is a path between the two rooms that does not pass the door to another classroom.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22462", "question_text": "Mr. Sahib is a teacher who believes that students should be encouraged to actively explore their environments because this exploration provides the best opportunities for learning. This is an example of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6633}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24790", "question_text": "What are the three main approaches to normative ethics, and how do they differ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24257", "question_text": "Which group saw an expansion of their voting rights in the early nineteenth century? free Black peoplenon-property-owning menwomenNative Americans", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18419", "question_text": "Name three common fees when buying a car.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10195", "question_text": "The total number of vehicles on one freeway dropped from \\text{84,000} to \\text{74,000}. Find the percent decrease (round to the nearest tenth of a percent).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16024", "question_text": "How much energy is required to melt 7.00 kg a block of aluminum that is at its melting point? (Latent heat of fusion of aluminum is 380 kJ/kg.)", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04387", "question_text": "[LO 16.2](16-2-differentiate-between-operating-investing-and-financing- activities) Which of these transactions would be part of the operating section?    A. land purchased, with note payable   B. sales of product, for cash   C. cash paid for purchase of equipment   D. dividend payments to shareholders, paid in cash", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13097", "question_text": "Using a pH meter, you find the pH of an unknown solution to be 8.0. How would you describe this solution?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7154}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19922", "question_text": "What type of legal document is the NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09057", "question_text": "The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09638", "question_text": "[LO 11.5](11-5-compare-and-contrast-non-time-value-based-methods-and-time- value-based-methods-in-capital-investment-decisions) A fellow student studying managerial accounting says, \u201cThe net present value (NPV) weighs early receipts of cash much more heavily than more distant receipts of cash.\u201d Do you agree or disagree? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24392", "question_text": "Why was Rockefeller\u00e2\u0080\u0099s use of horizontal integration such an effective business tool at this time? Were his choices legal? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14244", "question_text": "The ionization constant for water (Kw) is 9.311\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u009214at 60 \u00c2\u00b0C. Calculate [H3O+], [OH\u00e2\u0088\u0092], pH, and pOH for pure water at 60 \u00c2\u00b0C.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20548", "question_text": "Explain in each of the following situations how market forces might give a business an incentive to act in a less discriminatory fashion.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6281}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03125", "question_text": "The bond energy of a C\u2013C single bond averages 347 kJ mol \u22121 ; that of a \\text{C} \\equiv \\text{C} triple bond averages 839 kJ mol \u22121 . Explain why the triple bond is not three times as strong as a single bond.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9936}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16278", "question_text": "At what minimum angle does total internal reflection of light occur if it travels from water(n=1.33)toward ice(n=1.31)?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9946}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03914", "question_text": "Are there other ways in which we can measure productivity besides the amount produced per hour of work?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4831}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17226", "question_text": "What do astronomers think are the causes of longer-duration gamma-ray bursts and shorter-duration gamma-ray bursts?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19871", "question_text": "What is a common security vulnerability found in many web applications, and what countermeasure can be implemented to mitigate this risk?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07991", "question_text": "Water pressure inside a hose nozzle can be less than atmospheric pressure due to the Bernoulli effect. Explain in terms of energy how the water can emerge from the nozzle against the opposing atmospheric pressure.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5791}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17643", "question_text": "FindP(2 <x< 10).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9512}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01752", "question_text": "\\left\\\\{ \\begin{array}{l} {x + y = 8} \\\\\\ {y = x - 4} \\end{array} \\right.   \u24d0 \\left( {6,2} \\right)   \u24d1 \\left( {9,-1} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9871}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00812", "question_text": "\\left. \\iint{}_{S}{xy^{2}dS} \\right., where _S_ is surface z = x^{2} - y,0 \\leq x \\leq 1,0 \\leq y \\leq 4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8431}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02592", "question_text": "Find \\sin\\left( {2\\theta} \\right),\\cos\\left( {2\\theta} \\right), and \\tan\\left( {2\\theta} \\right) given \\sec\\;\\theta = - \\frac{5}{3} and \\theta is in the interval \\left\\lbrack {\\frac{\\pi}{2},\\pi} \\right\\rbrack.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9822}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19301", "question_text": "Compare and contrast dynamic load-time linking of a program with dynamic run-time linking. What are the advantages and challenges of each?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14041", "question_text": "Calculate the molality of each of the following solutions: (a) 0.710 kg of sodium carbonate (washing soda), Na2CO3, in 10.0 kg of water\u00e2\u0080\u0094a saturated solution at 0\u00c2\u00b0C (b) 125 g of NH4NO3in 275 g of water\u00e2\u0080\u0094a mixture used to make an instant ice pack (c) 25 g of Cl2in 125 g of dichloromethane, CH2Cl2 (d) 0.372 g of tetrahydropyridine, C5H9N, in 125 g of chloroform, CHCl3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05996", "question_text": "A hydrogen atom is placed in an external uniform magnetic field ( B = 200\\ \\text{T} ). Calculate the wavelength of light produced in a transition from a spin up to spin down state.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22735", "question_text": "Explain why task analysis can be helpful for setting and achieving goals.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04454", "question_text": "Critical Thinking Two cars are side by side on a path where friction is negligible. Car A starts from rest and has a positive, constant acceleration while car B travels at a constant speed. The cars reach the same check point down the road at the same time. (a) Which car is traveling faster at the check point? Briefly explain your reasoning. (b) Based on experimental data, an equation that fits the data is suggested for the speed of car A at the check point, _V_ , which may not be correct: V = KV_{0} , where _K_ is a constant with appropriate units and V_{0} is the initial velocity of car B. Is this equation consistent with your answer from part a? Explain why or why not. Does this equation make sense? Explain why or why not. (c) Graph the velocity of car A and the velocity of car B vs. distance along the path, starting when the cars are side by side.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.779}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04704", "question_text": "Some fish have a density slightly less than that of water and must exert a force (swim) to stay submerged. What force must an 85.0-kg grouper exert to stay submerged in salt water if its body density is \\text{1015}\\ \\text{kg/m}^{3} ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25063", "question_text": "Sources of international law include:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9747}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06489", "question_text": "A certification mark indicates what?    A. The certified or verified origin of a product or service.   B. A product or service that meets certain standards or requirements.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9195}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24951", "question_text": "What is the difference between state and federal law?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9791}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26376", "question_text": "Which type of distribution does the graph illustrate? Figure5.28", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9847}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10790", "question_text": "Energy is stored long-term in the bonds of _____ and used short-term to perform work from a(n) _____ molecule.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9808}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20105", "question_text": "Using the data about words found in news articles fromExample 6.12, classify an article that contains all three words,today,disaster, andpolice, as real or fake.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6464}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07811", "question_text": "A wind turbine is rotating counterclockwise at 0.5 rev/s and slows to a stop in 10 s. Its blades are 20 m in length. (a) What is the angular acceleration of the turbine? (b) What is the centripetal acceleration of the tip of the blades at t = 0\\ \\text{s?} (c) What is the magnitude and direction of the total linear acceleration of the tip of the blade that lies along the positive _x_ -axis at t = 0\\ \\text{s?}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8806}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07062", "question_text": "What is the direction of the magnetic field that produces the magnetic force shown on the currents in each of the three cases, assuming \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} is perpendicular to _I_ ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9002}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22563", "question_text": "Code-switching, or changing certain aspects of one\u00e2\u0080\u0099s presentation or behavior, is often seen in people who are bi- or multi-racial. The research suggests that this approach to one\u00e2\u0080\u0099s various racial identities can be ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08422", "question_text": "A rectangular field is to be enclosed by fencing. In addition to the enclosing fence, another fence is to divide the field into two parts, running parallel to two sides. If 1,200 feet of fencing is available, find the maximum area that can be enclosed.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9944}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23639", "question_text": "A sociologist working from a symbolic interaction perspective would:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9264}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02417", "question_text": "A rectangular plot of land is to be enclosed by fencing. One side is along a river and so needs no fence. If the total fencing available is 600 meters, find the dimensions of the plot to have maximum area.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20513", "question_text": "What determines the demand for labor for a firm with market power in the output market?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6386}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05288", "question_text": "At what angle does a diffraction grating produces a second-order maximum for light having a first-order maximum at \\text{20}\\text{.}0\u00ba ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9263}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26964", "question_text": "A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. Which therapeutic drug response should the nurse anticipate?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9746}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21331", "question_text": "The passage of the Tenure of Office Act of 1867 was just one instance in a long line of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9559}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08081", "question_text": "Wine glasses can be set into resonance by moistening your finger and rubbing it around the rim of the glass. Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05824", "question_text": "(a) Find the value of \\gamma for the following situation. An astronaut measures the length of their spaceship to be 100 m, while an earthbound observer measures it to be 25.0 m. (b) What is the speed of the spaceship relative to Earth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03595", "question_text": "Predict the products of each of the following reactions and then balance the chemical equations. (a) Fe is heated in an atmosphere of steam. (b) NaOH is added to a solution of Fe(NO 3 ) 3 . (c) FeSO 4 is added to an acidic solution of KMnO 4 . (d) Fe is added to a dilute solution of H 2 SO 4 . (e) A solution of Fe(NO 3 ) 2 and HNO 3 is allowed to stand in air. (f) FeCO 3 is added to a solution of HClO 4 . (g) Fe is heated in air.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9872}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25542", "question_text": "Describe the role of a financial analyst in a financial institution such as a bank or investment company.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22874", "question_text": "The two major cell types of the brain are ________ and ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9823}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04501", "question_text": "A freight train consists of two 8.00 \\times 10^{4}\\text{-kg} engines and 45 cars with average masses of 5.50 \\times 10^{4}\\ \\text{kg} . (a) What force must each engine exert backward on the track to accelerate the train at a rate of 5.00{\\times \\text{10}^{\\text{\u20132}}}\\ \\text{m/s}^{2} if the force of friction is 7\\text{.}{\\text{50} \\times \\text{10}^{5}}\\ \\text{N} , assuming the engines exert identical forces? This is not a large frictional force for such a massive system. Rolling friction for trains is small, and consequently trains are very energy-efficient transportation systems. (b) What is the force in the coupling between the 37th and 38th cars (this is the force each exerts on the other), assuming all cars have the same mass and that friction is evenly distributed among all of the cars and engines?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9516}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14147", "question_text": "Is a system at equilibrium if the rate constants of the forward and reverse reactions are equal?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.907}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26103", "question_text": "LO4.1A printing company manufactures notebooks of various sizes. The company manufactures 3,000 notebooks each day. Should the company use process costing or job order costing?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7423}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20157", "question_text": "14.\tIn a data science report, what should the executive summary ideally begin with?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8925}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18948", "question_text": "\u00e2\u0088\u0091n=1\u00e2\u0088\u009e2nn4\u00e2\u0088\u0091n=1\u00e2\u0088\u009e2nn4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25782", "question_text": "LO5.1After the first two closing entries are made, Income Summary has a debit balance of $22,750. What does this indicate about the company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s net income or loss?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9721}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11207", "question_text": "A bacteriophage can infect ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.684}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03102", "question_text": "What are the electron-pair geometry and the molecular structure of each of the following molecules or ions? (a) ClF 5 (b) \\text{ClO}_{2}{}^{\\text{\u2212}} (c) \\text{TeCl}_{4}{}^{\\text{2\u2212}} (d) PCl 3 (e) SeF 4 (f) \\text{PH}_{2}{}^{\\text{\u2212}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9484}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22148", "question_text": "According to the Holmes and Rahe scale, which life event requires the greatest amount of readjustment?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13919", "question_text": "What is the ratio of the average kinetic energy of a SO2molecule to that of an O2molecule in a mixture of two gases? What is the ratio of the root mean square speeds,urms, of the two gases?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8342}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07788", "question_text": "A baseball bat is swung. Do all points on the bat have the same angular velocity? The same tangential speed?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06868", "question_text": "Why are the metal support rods for satellite network dishes generally grounded?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.746}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10443", "question_text": "What was the main goal of the French in colonizing the Americas?    A. establishing a colony with French subjects   B. trading, especially for furs   C. gaining control of shipping lanes   D. spreading Catholicism among native peoples", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4855}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08193", "question_text": "A plane is flying at Mach 1.2, and an observer on the ground hears the sonic boom 15.00 seconds after the plane is directly overhead. What is the altitude of the plane? Assume the speed of sound is v_{\\text{w}} = 343.00\\ \\text{m/s}\\text{.}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9906}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13645", "question_text": "Using the Bohr model, determine the lowest possible energy, in joules, for the electron in the Li2+ion.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21607", "question_text": "Which of the following is typically seen as an element of populism?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07812", "question_text": "A child with mass 40 kg sits on the edge of a merry-go-round at a distance of 3.0 m from its axis of rotation. The merry-go-round accelerates from rest up to 0.4 rev/s in 10 s. If the coefficient of static friction between the child and the surface of the merry-go-round is 0.6, does the child fall off before 5 s?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11356", "question_text": "Bryophytes form a monophyletic group that transitions between green algae and vascular plants. Describe at least one similarity and one difference between bryophyte reproduction and green algae reproduction.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9873}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17933", "question_text": "Calculate the test statistic.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27096", "question_text": "For which client would a nurse question an order for acitretin?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5812}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14906", "question_text": "Scissors are like a double-lever system. Which of the simple machines inFigure 9.21andFigure 9.22is most analogous to scissors?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04301", "question_text": "[LO 11.1](11-1-distinguish-between-tangible-and-intangible-assets) What is the difference between a patent and a copyright?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9677}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19883", "question_text": "Which attack can turn unsecured IoT devices into bots to carry out massive, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9663}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26717", "question_text": "The provider ordered fluoxetine hydrochloride 60 mg oral solution for a client who has difficulty swallowing. The pharmacy supplied fluoxetine hydrochloride oral solution 20 mg/5 mL in a 120 mL bottle. How many mL should the nurse administer?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5083}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07309", "question_text": "A radio transmitter broadcasts plane electromagnetic waves whose maximum electric field at a particular location is 1.55\\ \\times \\ 10^{-3}\\ \\text{V/m}. What is the maximum magnitude of the oscillating magnetic field at that location? How does it compare with Earth\u2019s magnetic field?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9598}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04958", "question_text": "(a) How strong is the attractive force between a glass rod with a 0.700\\ \\mu\\text{C} charge and a silk cloth with a \u20130.600\\ \\mu\\text{C} charge, which are 12.0 cm apart, using the approximation that they act like point charges? (b) Discuss how the answer to this problem might be affected if the charges are distributed over some area and do not act like point charges.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5055}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05056", "question_text": "(a) What is the resistance of ten \\text{275-\u03a9} resistors connected in series? (b) In parallel?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9001}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13591", "question_text": "How much heat is produced by combustion of 125 g of methanol under standard state conditions?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02081", "question_text": "f(x) = 6x - 11", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6646}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21613", "question_text": "In a parliamentary regime, the prime minister is chosen by the legislature. Before being selected, what institution are prime ministers a member of?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8674}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04433", "question_text": "In a slap shot, a hockey player accelerates the puck from a velocity of 8.00 m/s to 40.0 m/s in the same direction. If this shot takes 3\\text{.}\\text{33} \\times \\text{10}^{- 2}\\ \\text{s} , calculate the distance over which the puck accelerates.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14223", "question_text": "The equilibrium constant (Kc) for this reaction is 5.0 at a given temperature. CO(g)+H2O(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cCO2(g)+H2(g)CO(g)+H2O(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cCO2(g)+H2(g) (a) On analysis, an equilibrium mixture of the substances present at the given temperature was found to contain 0.20 mol of CO, 0.30 mol of water vapor, and 0.90 mol of H2in a liter. How many moles of CO2were there in the equilibrium mixture? (b) Maintaining the same temperature, additional H2was added to the system, and some water vapor was removed by drying. A new equilibrium mixture was thereby established containing 0.40 mol of CO, 0.30 mol of water vapor, and 1.2 mol of H2in a liter. How many moles of CO2were in the new equilibrium mixture? Compare this with the quantity in part (a), and discuss whether the second value is reasonable. Explain how it is possible for the water vapor concentration to be the same in the two equilibrium solutions even though some vapor was removed before the second equilibrium was established.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.534}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03812", "question_text": "Suppose that the market price increases to $6, as [Table 8.14](8-self-check-questions#ch08mod02_tab13) shows. What would happen to the profit-maximizing output level?  Quantity | Total Cost | Fixed Cost | Variable Cost | Marginal Cost | Total Revenue | Marginal Revenue   ---|---|---|---|---|---|---   0 | $62 | $62 | - | - | $0 | -   10 | $90 | $62 | $28 | $2.80 | $60 | $6.00   20 | $110 | $62 | $48 | $2.00 | $120 | $6.00   30 | $126 | $62 | $64 | $1.60 | $180 | $6.00   40 | $144 | $62 | $82 | $1.80 | $240 | $6.00   50 | $166 | $62 | $104 | $2.20 | $300 | $6.00   60 | $192 | $62 | $130 | $2.60 | $360 | $6.00   70 | $224 | $62 | $162 | $3.20 | $420 | $6.00   80 | $264 | $62 | $202 | $4.00 | $480 | $6.00   **90** | $324 | $62 | $262 | **$6.00** | $540 | **$6.00**   100 | $404 | $62 | $342 | $8.00 | $600 | $6.00   Table 8.14", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7275}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08803", "question_text": "Which of the following does not occur during cyclic photophosphorylation in cyanobacteria?    A. electron transport through an ETS   B. photosystem I use   C. ATP synthesis   D. NADPH formation", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9206}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10309", "question_text": "One angle of a triangle is \\text{30\u00b0} more than the smallest angle. The largest angle is the sum of the other angles. Find the measures of all three angles.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9829}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09802", "question_text": "Google ________.    A. has the most diverse workforce of any major U.S. company   B. uses a strict quota system in its hiring practices   C. is similar to other technology companies, most of which lag on diversity   D. promotes women at higher rates than men", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8572}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13251", "question_text": "Which part of the nervous system directly controls the digestive system?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9921}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10242", "question_text": "23\\text{\u00b0F}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9574}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00953", "question_text": "6y + 37 + \\left( {-6y} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8578}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25507", "question_text": "Success and failure are always possible outcomes of new product development. Describe two factors that may lead to success and two factors that may lead to failure of a new product.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9941}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15673", "question_text": "What are the SI units of acceleration?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19799", "question_text": "What is the primary purpose of requirement analysis in the design of a library management system?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9662}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09135", "question_text": "The variable regions of the heavy and light chains form the ________ sites of an antibody.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9254}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23706", "question_text": "Why do sociologists find it important to differentiate between sex and gender? What importance does the differentiation have in modern society?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04656", "question_text": "With the aid of a string, a gyroscope is accelerated from rest to 32 rad/s in 0.40 s.(a) What is its angular acceleration in rad/s 2 ?(b) How many revolutions does it go through in the process?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21272", "question_text": "If you were required to become active in some aspect of a political party, what activity and level of party organization would you choose and why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16755", "question_text": "If spectral line wavelengths are changing for objects based on the radial velocities of those objects, how can we deduce which type of atom is responsible for a particular absorption or emission line?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9931}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05718", "question_text": "Suppose that the setup of the preceding problem is immersed in an unknown liquid. If 18 fringes per centimeter are now seen along the slide, what is the index of refraction of the liquid?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09768", "question_text": "True or false: The right to work without joining a union is controlled by federal law.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8824}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15339", "question_text": "If the cornea is to be reshaped (this can be done surgically or with contact lenses) to correct myopia, should its curvature be made greater or smaller? Explain. Also explain how hyperopia can be corrected.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6949}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05806", "question_text": "**Unreasonable Results** A spaceship is heading directly toward Earth at a velocity of 0.800 _c_ . The astronaut on board claims that he can send a canister toward the Earth at 1.20 _c_ relative to Earth. (a) Calculate the velocity the canister must have relative to the spaceship. (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9749}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16659", "question_text": "According to Kepler\u00e2\u0080\u0099s second law, where in a planet\u00e2\u0080\u0099s orbit would it be moving fastest? Where would it be moving slowest?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9607}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22979", "question_text": "What is the process of brain segmentation during embryonic development primarily responsible for?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19955", "question_text": "What is an accurate definition of data analytics?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8131}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18855", "question_text": "ddt\u00e2\u0088\u00ab0tsinx1+x2dxddt\u00e2\u0088\u00ab0tsinx1+x2dx", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9004}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14608", "question_text": "What is the oxidation state of the noble gas in each of the following? You may wish to review the chapter on chemical bonding and molecular geometry. (a) XeO2F2 (b) KrF2 (c)XeF3+XeF3+ (d)XeO64\u00e2\u0088\u0092XeO64\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (e) XeO3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7566}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10110", "question_text": "-8.6x = 34.4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7283}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22875", "question_text": "The four major types of glia in the nervous system are ________, ________, ________, and ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9751}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20240", "question_text": "Explain why the following statement is false: \u00e2\u0080\u009cIn the goods market, no seller would be willing to sell for less than the equilibrium price.\u00e2\u0080\u009d", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5205}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13839", "question_text": "Using the MO diagrams, predict the bond order for the stronger bond in each pair: (a) B2orB2+B2+ (b) F2orF2+F2+ (c) O2orO22+O22+ (d)C2+C2+orC2\u00e2\u0088\u0092C2\u00e2\u0088\u0092", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05951", "question_text": "An electron is confined to a box of width 0.25 nm. (a) Draw an energy-level diagram representing the first five states of the electron. (b) Calculate the wavelengths of the emitted photons when the electron makes transitions between the fourth and the second excited states, between the second excited state and the ground state, and between the third and the second excited states.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16870", "question_text": "Why are the lunar mountains smoothly rounded rather than having sharp, pointed peaks (as they were almost always depicted in science-fiction illustrations and films before the first lunar landings)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11701", "question_text": "Cataracts, the medical condition where the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, are a leading cause of blindness. Describe how developing a cataract would change the path of light through the eye.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23276", "question_text": "Among the Clock genes, high levels of Per and Cry will do what to CLOCK and BMAL1?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17286", "question_text": "What does it mean to say that the universe is expanding? What is expanding? For example, is your astronomy classroom expanding? Is the solar system? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8251}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25770", "question_text": "LO4.3Search the web for instances of possible impropriety relating to earnings management. This could be news reports, Securities and Exchange Commission violation reports, fraud charges, or any other source of alleged financial statement judgment lapse. Write down the name and industry type of the company you are discussing.Describe the purported indiscretion, and how it relates to mis-reporting earnings or shady accounting.Estimate the impact of the potential misrepresented amount.Note: You do not have to have proof that a compromise occurred, but you do need to have a source of your reporting of the potential trouble.Provide the web link to the information you found, to allow accurate verification of your answers.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.89}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15776", "question_text": "A change in which of the following is an example of deformation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9372}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05589", "question_text": "Light rays fall normally on the vertical surface of the glass prism \\left( {n = 1.50} \\right) shown below. (a) What is the largest value for \\phi such that the ray is totally reflected at the slanted face? (b) Repeat the calculation of part (a) if the prism is immersed in water.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9949}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14013", "question_text": "Explain why solutions of HBr in benzene (a nonpolar solvent) are nonconductive, while solutions in water (a polar solvent) are conductive.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.743}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26322", "question_text": "LO13.3Explain the role and purpose of the Integrated Reporting Framework.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9884}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19947", "question_text": "Each application has a life cycle in which it must be updated or replaced due to the software manufacturer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s requirements. What is the term for this life cycle?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5615}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01785", "question_text": "\\left\\\\{ \\begin{array}{l} {x + 4y = 6} \\\\\\ {-2x + y = -3} \\end{array} \\right.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05448", "question_text": "The detail observable using a probe is limited by its wavelength. Calculate the energy of a \\gamma -ray photon that has a wavelength of {1 \\times \\text{10}^{- \\text{16}}}\\ \\text{m} , small enough to detect details about one- tenth the size of a nucleon. Note that a photon having this energy is difficult to produce and interacts poorly with the nucleus, limiting the practicability of this probe.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9939}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14394", "question_text": "Calculate the equilibrium concentration of Zn2+in a 0.30-Msolution ofZn(CN)42\u00e2\u0088\u0092.Zn(CN)42\u00e2\u0088\u0092.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26765", "question_text": "The nurse is caring for a client with HIV who is receiving antiretroviral therapy. Which laboratory value should the nurse assess to determine the competency of the client\u00e2\u0080\u0099s immune system with this therapy?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9895}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02863", "question_text": "The average atomic masses of some elements may vary, depending upon the sources of their ores. Naturally occurring boron consists of two isotopes with accurately known masses ( 10 B, 10.0129 amu and 11 B, 11.00931 amu). The actual atomic mass of boron can vary from 10.807 to 10.819, depending on whether the mineral source is from Turkey or the United States. Calculate the percent abundances leading to the two values of the average atomic masses of boron from these two countries.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18857", "question_text": "ddx\u00e2\u0088\u00ab1ln(x)(4t+et)dtddx\u00e2\u0088\u00ab1ln(x)(4t+et)dt", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8548}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14566", "question_text": "Write the Lewis structure for each of the following. You may wish to review the chapter on chemical bonding and molecular geometry. (a) PH3 (b)PH4+PH4+ (c) P2H4 (d)PO43\u00e2\u0088\u0092PO43\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (e) PF5", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9686}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18966", "question_text": "The radius of convergence for the Maclaurin series off(x)=3xf(x)=3xis3.3.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4529}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15562", "question_text": "For experimental evidence, particularly of previously unobserved phenomena, to be taken seriously it must be reproducible or of sufficiently high quality that a single observation is meaningful. Supernova 1987A is not reproducible. How do we know observations of it were valid? The fifth force is not broadly accepted. Is this due to lack of reproducibility or poor-quality experiments (or both)? Discuss why forefront experiments are more subject to observational problems than those involving established phenomena.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7194}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22683", "question_text": "What are the outcomes of adopting a stress-as-enhancing mindset at work?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12952", "question_text": "Production of urine to modify plasma makeup is the result of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9534}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17433", "question_text": "In a survey, 40 people were asked how many times they visited a store before making a major purchase. The results are shown inTable 2.38. Number of times in storeFrequency142103164654Table2.38", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7312}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19204", "question_text": "If your organization is interested in artificial intelligence technology to enhance operations, what could you do to ensure the system is designed and implemented in a safe, socially responsible, and just manner?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9657}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22131", "question_text": "Which practice is an example of Theory X management?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08613", "question_text": "Thucydides is known as the father of _______________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6204}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08602", "question_text": "Who proposed that swamps might harbor tiny, disease-causing animals too small to see?    A. Thucydides   B. Marcus Terentius Varro   C. Hippocrates   D. Louis Pasteur", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9872}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04939", "question_text": "If your radio is producing an average sound intensity level of 85 dB, what is the next lowest sound intensity level that is clearly less intense?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.585}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09100", "question_text": "________ is the fluid portion of a blood sample that has been drawn in the presence of an anticoagulant compound.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7391}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06851", "question_text": "A disk of radius _R_ is cut in a non-conducting large plate that is uniformly charged with charge density _\u03c3 \u03c3 _ (coulomb per square meter). See below. Find the electric field at a height _h_ above the center of the disk. \\text{(}h\\ > > \\ R,h\\ < < \\ l\\ \\text{or}\\ w\\text{).} ( _Hint:_ Fill the hole with \\pm \\sigma.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9893}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06827", "question_text": "Repeat the previous problem, assuming that the electric field is directed along a body diagonal of the cube.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9641}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11500", "question_text": "A mutant plant has roots that grow in all directions. Which of the following organelles would you expect to be missing in the cell?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9646}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05495", "question_text": "Calculate the dose in Sv to the chest of a patient given an x-ray under the following conditions. The x-ray beam intensity is \\text{1.50 W}\\text{/m}^{2} , the area of the chest exposed is \\text{0.0750}\\ \\text{m}^{2} , 35.0% of the x-rays are absorbed in 20.0 kg of tissue, and the exposure time is 0.250 s.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09685", "question_text": "True or false? It is possible to act deliberately and shrewdly in a good way or toward a good end.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07493", "question_text": "In 1999, Robbie Knievel was the first to jump the Grand Canyon on a motorcycle. At a narrow part of the canyon (69.0 m wide) and traveling 35.8 m/s off the takeoff ramp, he reached the other side. What was his launch angle?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9945}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14256", "question_text": "Explain why the ionization constant,Ka, for H2SO4is larger than the ionization constant for H2SO3.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9184}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09219", "question_text": "The parasitic _Loa loa_ worm can cause great pain when it:    A. moves through the bloodstream   B. exits through the skin of the foot   C. travels through the conjunctiva   D. enters the digestive tract", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23714", "question_text": "In most countries, elderly women ______ than elderly men.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12863", "question_text": "Which phase of deglutition involves contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.925}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11478", "question_text": "How did the evolution of jaw musculature allow mammals to spread?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11316", "question_text": "What are the evolutionary advantages for an organism to reproduce both asexually and sexually?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06338", "question_text": "Urbanization includes the sociological study of what?    A. Urban economics   B. Urban politics   C. Urban environments   D. All of the above", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9796}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22699", "question_text": "Explain the terms \u00e2\u0080\u009cmotherhood wage penalty\u00e2\u0080\u009d and \u00e2\u0080\u009cfatherhood wage premium\u00e2\u0080\u009d with respect to gender disparity in worker pay.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20710", "question_text": "What term describes the remaining level of unemployment that occurs even when the economy is healthy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9197}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16365", "question_text": "Two flat pieces of aluminum foil lay one on top of the other. What happens if you add charge to the top piece of aluminum foil?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15893", "question_text": "In the equationp1+p2=p'1+p'2for the collision of two objects, what is the assumption made regarding the friction acting on the objects?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7336}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18579", "question_text": "Find the perimeter of a regular hexagon with side length 5 cm.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22284", "question_text": "Postpartum depression is characterized by ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08880", "question_text": "Which of the following statements about base pairing in DNA is incorrect?    A. Purines always base pairs with pyrimidines.   B. Adenine binds to guanine.   C. Base pairs are stabilized by hydrogen bonds.   D. Base pairing occurs at the interior of the double helix.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.772}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07367", "question_text": "Is it possible for two vectors of different magnitudes to add to zero? Is it possible for three vectors of different magnitudes to add to zero? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7765}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20492", "question_text": "Consider the case of global environmental problems that spill across international borders as a prisoner\u00e2\u0080\u0099s dilemma of the sort studied inMonopolistic Competition and Oligopoly. Say that there are two countries, A and B. Each country can choose whether to protect the environment, at a cost of 10, or not to protect it, at a cost of zero. If one country decides to protect the environment, there is a benefit of 16, but the benefit is divided equally between the two countries. If both countries decide to protect the environment, there is a benefit of 32, which is divided equally between the two countries.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.853}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17002", "question_text": "Table 15.1indicates that the density of the Sun is 1.41 g/cm3. Since other materials, such as ice, have similar densities, how do you know that the Sun is not made of ice?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8377}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11840", "question_text": "Which of the following is both a phagocyte and an antigen-presenting cell?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09991", "question_text": "45 \\div (-1)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17464", "question_text": "10thpercentile = _______", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9418}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03826", "question_text": "Continuing with the scenario in question 1, in the long run, the positive economic profits that the monopolistic competitor earns will attract a response either from existing firms in the industry or firms outside. As those firms capture the original firm\u2019s profit, what will happen to the original firm\u2019s profit-maximizing price and output levels?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.954}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11665", "question_text": "Scientists have suggested that the autonomic nervous system is not well-adapted to modern human life. How is the sympathetic nervous system an ineffective response to the everyday challenges faced by modern humans?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8881}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09837", "question_text": "True or false? Insurance coverage offers a benefit we hope never to claim.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21311", "question_text": "A select committee is different from a standing committee because ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04330", "question_text": "[LO 13.1](13-1-explain-the-pricing-of-long-term-liabilities) On January 1 a company issues a $75,000 bond that pays interest semi-annually. The first interest payment of $1,875 is paid on July A. What is the stated annual interest rate on the bond?    A. 5.00%   B. 2.50%   C. 1.25%   D. 10.00%", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6335}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02509", "question_text": "\\frac{5\\pi}{4}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8618}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03541", "question_text": "Write a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions. You may wish to review the chapter on chemical bonding. (a) H 3 BPH 3 (b) \\text{BF}_{4}{}^{-} (c) BBr 3 (d) B(CH 3 ) 3 (e) B(OH) 3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9905}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14214", "question_text": "Assume that the change in concentration of COCl2is small enough to be neglected in the following problem. (a) Calculate the equilibrium concentration of all species in an equilibrium mixture that results from the decomposition of COCl2with an initial concentration of 0.3166M. COCl2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cCO(g)+Cl2(g)Kc=2.2\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u009210COCl2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cCO(g)+Cl2(g)Kc=2.2\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u009210 (b) Confirm that the change is small enough to be neglected.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7185}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01097", "question_text": "Paulette has $140 in $5 and $10 bills. The number of $10 bills is one less than twice the number of $5 bills. How many of each does she have?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9831}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16069", "question_text": "What doesgreenenergy development entail?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9826}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00917", "question_text": "1 + \\frac{5}{6}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5739}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20728", "question_text": "As the baby boom generation retires, the ratio of retirees to workers will increase noticeably. How will this affect the Social Security program? How will this affect the standard of living of the average American?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5779}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23747", "question_text": "A woman being married to two men would be an example of:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3831}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26656", "question_text": "The nurse is working with a client with an iron deficiency. Which of the following foods would increase iron absorption?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7242}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09339", "question_text": "Chemicals called ________ are stored in neurons and released when the cell is stimulated by a signal.    A. toxins   B. cytokines   C. chemokines   D. neurotransmitters", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7548}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20258", "question_text": "What is the \u00e2\u0080\u009cprice\u00e2\u0080\u009d commonly called in the labor market?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7293}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13952", "question_text": "Carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, was once used as a dry cleaning solvent, but is no longer used because it is carcinogenic. At 57.8 \u00c2\u00b0C, the vapor pressure of CCl4is 54.0 kPa, and its enthalpy of vaporization is 33.05 kJ/mol. Use this information to estimate the normal boiling point for CCl4.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17936", "question_text": "What conclusion can you draw about the software patch?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9833}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02136", "question_text": "\\left( {1,-4} \\right) and \\left( {5,-5} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4861}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03602", "question_text": "Draw the geometric, linkage, and ionization isomers for [CoCl 5 CN][CN].", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19098", "question_text": "The integral\u00e2\u0088\u00ab02\u00cf\u0080\u00e2\u0088\u00ab01\u00e2\u0088\u00abr1dzdrd\u00ce\u00b8\u00e2\u0088\u00ab02\u00cf\u0080\u00e2\u0088\u00ab01\u00e2\u0088\u00abr1dzdrd\u00ce\u00b8represents the volume of a right cone.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17124", "question_text": "What is the advantage of measuring a parallax distance to a star as compared to our other distance measuring methods?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9576}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18771", "question_text": "limx\u00e2\u0086\u009203x2\u00e2\u0088\u00922x+4limx\u00e2\u0086\u009203x2\u00e2\u0088\u00922x+4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.808}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08222", "question_text": "Which is _not_ a merit of cooperative federalism?    A. Federal cooperation helps mitigate the problem of collective action among states.   B. Federal assistance encourages state and local governments to generate positive externalities.   C. Cooperative federalism respects the traditional jurisdictional boundaries between states and federal government.   D. Federal assistance ensures some degree of uniformity of public services across states.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9249}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10849", "question_text": "Where in eukaryotic cells does the Calvin cycle take place?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23782", "question_text": "What are some sacred items that you\u00e2\u0080\u0099re familiar with? Are there some objects, such as cups, candles, or clothing, that would be considered profane in normal settings but are considered sacred in special circumstances or when used in specific ways?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24912", "question_text": "An employee who works in the graphic design department of a large advertising agency most likely cannot moonlight after business hours for a friend\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ________. bakery businessweb design businessconstruction businesslandscaping design business", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9853}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02057", "question_text": "f(x) = 2x^{2} - 4x - 4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7834}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01018", "question_text": "\\frac{y}{-10} = 30", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5395}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01463", "question_text": "\\left( \\sqrt{8} \\right)^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6792}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13020", "question_text": "Explain how the CO2generated by cells and exhaled in the lungs is carried as bicarbonate in the blood.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8218}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06177", "question_text": "The belief that one\u2019s culture is inferior to another culture is called:    A. ethnocentrism   B. nationalism   C. xenocentrism   D. imperialism", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05468", "question_text": "{}^{\\text{50}}\\text{V} has one of the longest known radioactive half-lives. In a difficult experiment, a researcher found that the activity of 1.00 kg of {}^{\\text{50}}\\text{V} is 1.75 Bq. What is the half-life in years?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01176", "question_text": "containing \\left( {10,1} \\right) and \\left( {6,-1} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9001}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21922", "question_text": "Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9755}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03059", "question_text": "Write the electron configuration for each of the following ions: (a) As 3\u2013 (b) I \u2013 (c) Be 2+ (d) Cd 2+ (e) O 2\u2013 (f) Ga 3+ (g) Li + (h) N 3\u2013 (i) Sn 2+ (j) Co 2+ (k) Fe 2+ (l) As 3+", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08906", "question_text": "Which of the following is the enzyme that replaces the RNA nucleotides in a primer with DNA nucleotides?    A. DNA polymerase III   B. DNA polymerase I   C. primase   D. helicase", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7763}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11495", "question_text": "Which of the following is most likely to be found in a desert environment?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8783}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10791", "question_text": "DNA replication involves unwinding two strands of parent DNA, copying each strand to synthesize complementary strands, and releasing the parent and daughter DNA. Which of the following accurately describes this process?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24503", "question_text": "Coolidge\u00e2\u0080\u0099s presidency was characterized by ________. scandal and dishonestysilence and inactivityflamboyancy and extravaganceambition and greed", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5606}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05420", "question_text": "What are the approximate energies of the K_{\\alpha}{} and K_{\\beta}{} x rays for copper?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.713}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03286", "question_text": "Describe the effect of each of the following on the rate of the reaction of magnesium metal with a solution of hydrochloric acid: the molarity of the hydrochloric acid, the temperature of the solution, and the size of the pieces of magnesium.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9804}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03797", "question_text": "Jeremy is deeply in love with Jasmine. Jasmine lives where cell phone coverage is poor, so he can either call her on the land-line phone for five cents per minute or he can drive to see her, at a round-trip cost of $2 in gasoline money. He has a total of $10 per week to spend on staying in touch. To make his preferred choice, Jeremy uses a handy utilimometer that measures his total utility from personal visits and from phone minutes. Using the values in [Table 6.6](6-self-check-questions#Table_06_06) , figure out the points on Jeremy\u2019s consumption choice budget constraint (it may be helpful to do a sketch) and identify his utility-maximizing point.  Round Trips | Total Utility | Phone Minutes | Total Utility   ---|---|---|---   0 |  0 |  0 |  0   1 |  80 |  20 |  200   2 | 150 |  40 |  380   3 | 210 |  60 |  540   4 | 260 |  80 |  680   5 | 300 | 100 |  800   6 | 330 | 120 |  900   7 | 200 | 140 |  980   8 | 180 | 160 | 1040   9 | 160 | 180 | 1080   10 | 140 | 200 | 1100   Table 6.6", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9788}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18014", "question_text": "When testing the significance of the correlation coefficient, what is the alternative hypothesis?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9808}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11221", "question_text": "Although plant viruses cannot infect humans, what are some of the ways in which they affect humans?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24157", "question_text": "What was the predominant religion in Pennsylvania? QuakerismPuritanismCatholicismProtestantism", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22893", "question_text": "What is a resting potential?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.97}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13411", "question_text": "Which contains the greatest number of moles of oxygen atoms: 1 mol of ethanol (C2H5OH), 1 mol of formic acid (HCO2H), or 1 mol of water (H2O)? Explain why.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.762}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04357", "question_text": "[LO 14.1](14-1-explain-the-process-of-securing-equity-financing-through-the- issuance-of-stock) Your corporation needs additional capital to fund an expansion. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of raising capital through the issuance of stock. Would debt be a better option? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03689", "question_text": "y = x^{3},x = 0,y = 0,\\ \\text{and}\\ x = 2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7298}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09713", "question_text": "Choose your favorite brand. List at least five of its key stakeholder groups.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3868}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03389", "question_text": "Which base, CH 3 NH 2 or (CH 3 ) 2 NH, is the stronger base? Which conjugate acid, {(\\text{CH}_{3})}_{2}{}\\text{NH}_{2}{}{}^{\\text{+}} or \\text{CH}_{3}\\text{NH}_{3}{}{}^{\\text{+}} , is the stronger acid?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8512}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23220", "question_text": "Ekman and Cordaro (2011) provided a list of forms of overt emotional expression that are common across the human species. Which of the following is not included in this list:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9914}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17611", "question_text": "What are the constraints for the values ofx?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.857}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10488", "question_text": "How were the New England textile mills planned and built?    A. Experienced British builders traveled to the United States to advise American merchants.   B. New England merchants paid French and German mechanics to design factories for them.   C. New England merchants and British migrants memorized plans from British mills.   D. Textile mills were a purely American creation, invented by Francis Cabot Lowell in 1813.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5087}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12183", "question_text": "As you are walking down the beach, you see a dead, dry, shriveled-up fish. Which layer of your epidermis keeps you from drying out?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9778}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03442", "question_text": "About 50% of urinary calculi (kidney stones) consist of calcium phosphate, Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 . The normal mid range calcium content excreted in the urine is 0.10 g of Ca 2+ per day. The normal mid range amount of urine passed may be taken as 1.4 L per day. What is the maximum concentration of phosphate ion that urine can contain before a calculus begins to form?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8692}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02786", "question_text": "Write the first four terms of the sequence defined by the recursive formula a = \u201314,\\operatorname{}a_{n} = \\frac{2 + a_{n\u20131}}{2}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12868", "question_text": "In which part of the alimentary canal does most digestion occur?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9606}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19652", "question_text": "Which cloud computing component accelerates the web and mobile workload globally?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8877}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14556", "question_text": "Carbon forms theCO32\u00e2\u0088\u0092CO32\u00e2\u0088\u0092ion, yet silicon does not form an analogousSiO32\u00e2\u0088\u0092SiO32\u00e2\u0088\u0092ion. Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8826}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10672", "question_text": "Atoms that vary in the number of neutrons found in their nuclei are called ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8566}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16568", "question_text": "Why is a stationary target considered inefficient in a particle accelerator?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.904}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21521", "question_text": "Political participation is related to self-government because:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9857}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06791", "question_text": "A spherical water droplet of radius 25\\ \\mu\\text{m} carries an excess 250 electrons. What vertical electric field is needed to balance the gravitational force on the droplet at the surface of the earth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15061", "question_text": "We ordinarily say that\u00ce\u0094Eint=0\u00ce\u0094Eint=0for an isothermal process. Does this assume no phase change takes place? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8758}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21086", "question_text": "Explain how a tariff reduction causes an increase in the equilibrium quantity of imports and a decrease in the equilibrium price.Hint:Consider theWork It Out\"Effects of Trade Barriers.\"", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9701}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03898", "question_text": "Why might legislators vote to impose a tariff on Egyptian cotton, when consumers in their districts would benefit from its availability?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18155", "question_text": "Six students rent a house together. The total monthly rent (including heat and electricity) is $3,120. If they all pay an equal amount, how much does each student pay?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5537}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01597", "question_text": "\u24d0 23 - (-17) \u24d1 23 + 17", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8557}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05870", "question_text": "Interstellar space is filled with radiation of wavelength 970\\text{\u03bc}\\text{m.} This radiation is considered to be a remnant of the \u201cbig bang.\u201d What is the corresponding blackbody temperature of this radiation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5108}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18500", "question_text": "College students want to gauge interest in a new club they're thinking about starting. They choose three residence halls at random and slide a survey form under the door to every room.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05802", "question_text": "A neutral \\pi -meson is a particle that can be created by accelerator beams. If one such particle lives 1.40\\ \\times \\ 10^{-16}\\ \\text{s} as measured in the laboratory, and 0.840\\ \\times \\ 10^{-16}\\ \\text{s} when at rest relative to an observer, what is its velocity relative to the laboratory?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07551", "question_text": "The traffic light hangs from the cables as shown. Draw a free-body diagram on a coordinate plane for this situation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9899}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21917", "question_text": "Extinction occurs when ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14571", "question_text": "How much POCl3can form from 25.0 g of PCl5and the appropriate amount of H2O?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09058", "question_text": "Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20856", "question_text": "In a Keynesian framework, using an AD/AS diagram, which of the following government policy choices offer a possible solution to recession? Which offer a possible solution to inflation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15249", "question_text": "Make a drawing and use RHR-2 to find the direction of the magnetic field of a current loop in a motor (such as inFigure 22.33). Then show that the direction of the torque on the loop is the same as produced by like poles repelling and unlike poles attracting.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08002", "question_text": "How much pressure is transmitted in the hydraulic system considered in [Example 14.3](14-3-pascals-principle-and-hydraulics) ? Express your answer in atmospheres.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14569", "question_text": "Describe the hybridization of phosphorus in each of the following compounds: P4O10, P4O6, PH4I (an ionic compound), PBr3, H3PO4, H3PO3, PH3, and P2H4. You may wish to review the chapter on advanced theories of covalent bonding.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9943}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15822", "question_text": "Consider a CD spinning clockwise. What is the sum of the instantaneous velocities of two points on both ends of its diameter?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22265", "question_text": "What types of traits are caused by genes located on the sex chromosomes?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9101}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03244", "question_text": "When an electron in an excited molybdenum atom falls from the L to the K shell, an X-ray is emitted. These X-rays are diffracted at an angle of 7.75\u00b0 by planes with a separation of 2.64 \u00c5. What is the difference in energy between the K shell and the L shell in molybdenum assuming a first order diffraction?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9797}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16552", "question_text": "What is the relationship between the Higgs field and the Higgs boson?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.585}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09104", "question_text": "PMNs are another name for ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14440", "question_text": "What is the difference between \u00ce\u0094Gand \u00ce\u0094G\u00c2\u00b0 for a chemical change?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5112}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20376", "question_text": "Many firms in the United States file for bankruptcy every year, yet they still continue operating. Why would they do this instead of completely shutting down?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6828}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26260", "question_text": "LO10.3You are a management accountant for Time Treasures Company, whose company has recently signed an outsourcing agreement with Spotless, Inc., a janitorial service company. Spotless will provide all of Time Treasures\u00e2\u0080\u0099 janitorial services, including sweeping floors, hauling trash, washing windows, stocking restrooms, and performing minor repairs. Time Treasures will be billed at an hourly rate based on the type of service performed. The work of common laborers (sweeping, hauling trash) is to be billed at $8 per hour. More skilled (repairs) and more dangerous work (washing outside windows on the 23rdfloor) are to be billed at $18 per hour. Supervisory time is to be billed at $20 per hour. Spotless will submit monthly invoices, which will show the number and types of hours for which Time Treasures is being charged. The outsourcing contract is simple and straightforward. What are some of the internal control problems you foresee as a result of outsourcing the janitorial service with this contract?Explain recommendations to control risk that would you suggest after reviewing the contract.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.753}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23343", "question_text": "Microglia can:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8315}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02489", "question_text": "Solve for x by converting the logarithmic equation log_{\\frac{1}{7}}(x) = 2 to exponential form.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12182", "question_text": "An individual using a sharp knife notices a small amount of blood where he just cut himself. Which of the following layers of skin did he have to cut into in order to bleed?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9158}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02796", "question_text": "How many distinct ways can the word EVANESCENCE be arranged if the anagram must end with the letter E?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9471}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25212", "question_text": "Why is empathy needed in defining problems?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17387", "question_text": "Given that no sunlight can penetrate Europa\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ice shell, what would be the type of energy that could make some form of europan life possible?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5412}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04673", "question_text": "Suppose you start an antique car by exerting a force of 300 N on its crank for 0.250 s. What angular momentum is given to the engine if the handle of the crank is 0.300 m from the pivot and the force is exerted to create maximum torque the entire time?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26119", "question_text": "LO4.6If a company bases its predetermined overhead rate on 100,000 machine hours, and it actually has 100,000 machine hours, would there be an underapplied or overapplied overhead?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5165}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16000", "question_text": "What is the specific heat of a substance that requires 5.00 kJ of heat to raise the temperature of 3.00 kg by 5.00 \u00c2\u00b0F?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4673}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10334", "question_text": "Solve for b\\text{:}    A. \u24d0 when A=416A=416 and h=32h=32   B. \u24d1 in general", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9725}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10785", "question_text": "How does the sodium-potassium pump contribute to the net negative charge of the interior of the cell?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12152", "question_text": "Which of the following processes is not a cardinal sign of inflammation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25369", "question_text": "What resources do insurance agents have to gain industry specific information, especially about liability, operations, and challenges?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8697}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24913", "question_text": "True or false? All fifty states require that an employee refrain from acting in a manner contrary to the employer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s interest.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7579}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06537", "question_text": "Pouring cold water into hot glass or ceramic cookware can easily break it. What causes the breaking? Explain why Pyrex\u00ae, a glass with a small coefficient of linear expansion, is less susceptible.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7858}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21781", "question_text": "A(n) ________ is a list of questions developed by a researcher that can be administered in paper form.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7549}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12379", "question_text": "A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner than a marathon runner due to ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17580", "question_text": "What is the probability that you will need to ask fewer than three first-year students?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06618", "question_text": "Five bicyclists are riding at the following speeds: 5.4 m/s, 5.7 m/s, 5.8 m/s, 6.0 m/s, and 6.5 m/s. (a) What is their average speed? (b) What is their rms speed?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9741}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16711", "question_text": "Suppose you lived in the crater Copernicus on the side of the Moon facing Earth. How often would the Sun rise?How often would Earth set?During what fraction of the time would you be able to see the stars?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04577", "question_text": "Using values from [Table 7.1](7-6-conservation-of-energy) , how many DNA molecules could be broken by the energy carried by a single electron in the beam of an old-fashioned TV tube? (These electrons were not dangerous in themselves, but they did create dangerous x rays. Later model tube TVs had shielding that absorbed x rays before they escaped and exposed viewers.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05009", "question_text": "What is the current in milliamperes produced by the solar cells of a pocket calculator through which 4.00 C of charge passes in 4.00 h?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.605}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23165", "question_text": "What role do dendritic spines in the hippocampus play in response to ovarian hormones?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9824}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14454", "question_text": "Calculate the equilibrium constant at the temperature given. (a)I2(s)+Cl2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62ICl(g)(T=100\u00c2\u00b0C)I2(s)+Cl2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62ICl(g)(T=100\u00c2\u00b0C) (b)H2(g)+I2(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62HI(g)(T=0.0\u00c2\u00b0C)H2(g)+I2(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62HI(g)(T=0.0\u00c2\u00b0C) (c)CS2(g)+3Cl2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CCl4(g)+S2Cl2(g)(T=125\u00c2\u00b0C)CS2(g)+3Cl2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CCl4(g)+S2Cl2(g)(T=125\u00c2\u00b0C) (d)2SO2(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62SO3(g)(T=675\u00c2\u00b0C)2SO2(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62SO3(g)(T=675\u00c2\u00b0C) (e)CS2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CS2(l)(T=90\u00c2\u00b0C)CS2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CS2(l)(T=90\u00c2\u00b0C)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7778}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03172", "question_text": "The chlorofluorocarbon CCl 2 F 2 can be recycled into a different compound by reaction with hydrogen to produce CH 2 F 2 ( _g_ ), a compound useful in chemical manufacturing:   \\text{CCl}_{2}\\text{F}_{2}(g) + 4\\text{H}_{2}(g)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{CH}_{2}\\text{F}_{2}(g) + 2\\text{HCl}(g) (a) Outline the steps necessary to answer the following question: What volume of hydrogen at 225 atm and 35.5 \u00b0C would be required to react with 1 ton (1.000 \\times 10 3 kg) of CCl 2 F 2 ? (b) Answer the question.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9218}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08674", "question_text": "Which of the following Alphaproteobacteria is the cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus?    A. _Bartonella_   B. _Coxiella_   C. _Rickettsia_   D. _Ehrlichia_   E. _Brucella_", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5802}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24748", "question_text": "Define applied epistemology.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26812", "question_text": "A nurse is teaching a female client diagnosed with migraine headaches about a new prescription for sumatriptan. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9208}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01377", "question_text": "\\frac{7v - 35}{25 - v^{2}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7771}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22802", "question_text": "Describe some of the negative consequences of providing caregiving for a loved one.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9906}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09509", "question_text": "[LO 5.3](5-3-explain-and-compute-equivalent-units-and-total-cost-of- production-in-an-initial-processing-stage) There were 1,000 units in ending inventory after transferring 16,000 units to finished goods inventory. If the beginning inventory was 2,000 units, how many units were started in process?    A. 1,000   B. 2,000   C. 15,000   D. 17,000", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9794}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20584", "question_text": "What are some ways a seller of labor (that is, someone looking for a job) might reassure a possible employer who is faced with imperfect information?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6642}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19390", "question_text": "What is the difference between a policy and a mechanism? Please give examples to illustrate your explanation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9483}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14124", "question_text": "The rate constant for the decomposition of acetaldehyde, CH3CHO, to methane, CH4, and carbon monoxide, CO, in the gas phase is 1.1\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00922L mol\u00e2\u0088\u00921s\u00e2\u0088\u00921at 703 K and 4.95 L mol\u00e2\u0088\u00921s\u00e2\u0088\u00921at 865 K. Determine the activation energy for this decomposition.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4681}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18448", "question_text": "What is the maximum amount of federal subsidized and unsubsidized loans per year for an independent student in a graduate program?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9258}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21530", "question_text": "Public opinion can be defined as:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6492}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19003", "question_text": "Finddydx,dydx,dxdy,dxdy,andd2xdy2d2xdy2ofy=(2+e\u00e2\u0088\u0092t),y=(2+e\u00e2\u0088\u0092t),x=1\u00e2\u0088\u0092sin(t)x=1\u00e2\u0088\u0092sin(t)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6033}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19200", "question_text": "Computer technologies like the Internet have changed everyone\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lives, regardless of whether they use the Internet directly or not. Yet, with computer technologies, the future is rarely certain. How can a business stay relevant and profitable in the face of new technologies while ensuring corporate social responsibility? In what ways does ensuring corporate social responsibility create economic value and more diverse kinds of value?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7758}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21349", "question_text": "The justices of the Supreme Court are ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12500", "question_text": "What type of ganglion contains neurons that control homeostatic mechanisms of the body?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9411}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17080", "question_text": "We discussed in the chapter that about half of stars come in pairs, or multiple star systems, yet the first eclipsing binary was not discovered until the eighteenth century. Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5094}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24528", "question_text": "What was the purpose of Roosevelt\u00e2\u0080\u0099s \u00e2\u0080\u009cBrains Trust?\u00e2\u0080\u009d", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9611}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16775", "question_text": "Compare the eye, photographic film, and CCDs as detectors for light. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02549", "question_text": "At time = 0, what is the displacement of the weight?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9777}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22613", "question_text": "Identify three outcomes of a lower socioeconomic status that can play a role in people\u00e2\u0080\u0099s experience of emerging adulthood.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14550", "question_text": "Determine the oxidation state of sulfur in each of the following: (a) SO3 (b) SO2 (c)SO32\u00e2\u0088\u0092SO32\u00e2\u0088\u0092", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9237}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16035", "question_text": "Give an example of entropy as experienced in everyday life.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9051}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05865", "question_text": "Give at least one argument in support of the particle-nature of radiation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8714}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22106", "question_text": "What trait do both men and women tend to look for in a romantic partner?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03540", "question_text": "What mass of magnesium forms when 100,000 A is passed through a MgCl 2 melt for 1.00 h if the yield of magnesium is 85% of the theoretical yield?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9944}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18821", "question_text": "x(t)=3t4\u00e2\u0088\u00928t3\u00e2\u0088\u009218t2x(t)=3t4\u00e2\u0088\u00928t3\u00e2\u0088\u009218t2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3529}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10693", "question_text": "Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the formation of a ________ bond between glucose and ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5056}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25929", "question_text": "LO11.3Explain the difference between depreciation, depletion, and amortization.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25172", "question_text": "Why does the section on invention focus so much on building a team? Aren\u00e2\u0080\u0099t most inventors and truly creative people famous for working solo?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9602}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17539", "question_text": "The probability that a man develops some form of cancer in his lifetime is 0.4567. The probability that a man has at least one false positive test result (meaning the test comes back for cancer when the man does not have it) is 0.51. Let:C= a man develops cancer in his lifetime;P= man has at least one false positive. Construct a tree diagram of the situation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9775}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24946", "question_text": "The use of robots at work ________. can reduce the exposure of humans to dangerous working conditionscosts more than human labormust first be approved by the Occupational Safety and Health Administrationis unlikely to affect the number of people in the overall workforce", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9942}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12561", "question_text": "Why might topical, cosmetic application of atropine or scopolamine from the belladonna plant not cause fatal poisoning, as would occur with ingestion of the plant?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8787}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12233", "question_text": "With respect to their direct effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hormones has actions that oppose each other?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14953", "question_text": "The outward force on one end of an air tank was calculated inExample 11.2. How is this force balanced? (The tank does not accelerate, so the force must be balanced.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9943}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12518", "question_text": "Which of these sensory modalities doesnotpass through the ventral posterior thalamus?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26559", "question_text": "A client with hyperthyroidism is prescribed a nutritional plan to optimize endocrine wellness. Which of the following food choices align with the recommended diet?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.745}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19268", "question_text": "Sorting and searching are two examples of data structure problems related to the storage and retrieval of elements. Where do sorting and searching appear in linear data structures, tree data structures, and/or graph data structures?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01328", "question_text": "15p^{2} + 2p - 8", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5379}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13105", "question_text": "Which of these do all prokaryotes and eukaryotes share?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11785", "question_text": "How can a decrease in the percent of oxygen in the air affect the movement of oxygen in the body?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21381", "question_text": "Under the mayor-council system, the ________. legislative and executive responsibilities are separatedpolitical and administrative functions are separatedmayor chairs the city councilcity council selects the mayor", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4077}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19042", "question_text": "A parametric equation that passes through points P and Q can be given byr(t)=\u00e2\u008c\u00a9t2,3t+1,t\u00e2\u0088\u00922\u00e2\u008c\u00aa,r(t)=\u00e2\u008c\u00a9t2,3t+1,t\u00e2\u0088\u00922\u00e2\u008c\u00aa,whereP(1,4,\u00e2\u0088\u00921)P(1,4,\u00e2\u0088\u00921)andQ(16,11,2).Q(16,11,2).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.925}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25480", "question_text": "Like Clorox and Zoom, Peloton was poised to the seize market opportunities created by the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-home mandates ordered by cities and states. Research Peloton and construct a timeline of key Peloton events from 2020 through 2022. What key strategic decisions did Peloton make in the exercise-at-home market? (Be sure to include Peloton\u00e2\u0080\u0099s summer 2021 decision to lower the price of its original bike by 20 percent.) What opportunities and challenges did Peloton face during the pandemic? How did consumer behavior change during the first year of COVID-19? How well did Peloton predict consumer demand for its exercise products? Now that you\u00e2\u0080\u0099ve seen the challenges a growth strategy presents, what do you see as the long-term business growth potential for Peloton?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9324}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08261", "question_text": "What characterizes those most likely to vote in the next election?    A. over forty-five years old   B. income under $30,000   C. high school education or less   D. residency in the South", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6298}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07409", "question_text": "Distances between points in a plane do not change when a coordinate system is rotated. In other words, the magnitude of a vector is _invariant_ under rotations of the coordinate system. Suppose a coordinate system S is rotated about its origin by angle \\varphi to become a new coordinate system \\text{S}^{\\prime} , as shown in the following figure. A point in a plane has coordinates ( _x_ , _y_ ) in S and coordinates \\left( {x^{\\prime},y^{\\prime}} \\right) in \\text{S}^{\\prime} . (a) Show that, during the transformation of rotation, the coordinates in \\text{S}^{\\prime} are expressed in terms of the coordinates in S by the following relations: \\left\\\\{ \\begin{matrix} {x^{\\prime} = x\\ \\text{cos}\\ \\varphi + y\\ \\text{sin}\\ \\varphi} \\\\\\ {y^{\\prime} = \\text{\u2212}x\\ \\text{sin}\\ \\varphi + y\\ \\text{cos}\\ \\varphi} \\end{matrix} \\right.. (b) Show that the distance of point _P_ to the origin is invariant under rotations of the coordinate system. Here, you have to show that \\sqrt{x^{2} + y^{2}} = \\sqrt{{x^{\\prime}}^{2} + {y^{\\prime}}^{2}}. (c) Show that the distance between points _P_ and _Q_ is invariant under rotations of the coordinate system. Here, you have to show that \\sqrt{{(x_{P} - x_{Q})}^{2} + {(y_{P} - y_{Q})}^{2}} = \\sqrt{{({x^{\\prime}}_{P} - {x^{\\prime}}_{Q})}^{2} + {({y^{\\prime}}_{P} - {y^{\\prime}}_{Q})}^{2}}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9745}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07921", "question_text": "A copper wire is 1.0 m long and its diameter is 1.0 mm. If the wire hangs vertically, how much weight must be added to its free end in order to stretch it 3.0 mm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18086", "question_text": "Determine whether the following collection describes a well-defined set: \"A group of five large dogs.\"", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6484}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21169", "question_text": "The equal protection clause became part of the Constitution as a result of ________. affirmative actionthe Fourteenth Amendmentintermediate scrutinystrict scrutiny", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8873}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03159", "question_text": "For a given amount of gas showing ideal behavior, draw labeled graphs of: (a) the variation of _P_ with _V_ (b) the variation of _V_ with _T_ (c) the variation of _P_ with _T_ (d) the variation of \\frac{1}{P} with _V_", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9698}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05255", "question_text": "What was the previous far point of a patient who had laser vision correction that reduced the power of her eye by 7.00 D, producing normal distant vision for her?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9382}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00755", "question_text": "\\mathbf{\\text{a}} = 9\\mathbf{\\text{i}} - 2\\mathbf{\\text{j}},\\mathbf{\\text{b}} = -3\\mathbf{\\text{i}} + \\mathbf{\\text{j}}    A. 3a+b3a+b   B. \u2016a\u2016\u2016a\u2016   C. a\u00d7\u2016b\u00d7c\u2016a\u00d7\u2016b\u00d7c\u2016   D. b\u00b7ab\u00b7a", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9931}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13350", "question_text": "Calculate these volumes. (a) What is the volume of 25 g iodine, density = 4.93 g/cm3? (b) What is the volume of 3.28 g gaseous hydrogen, density = 0.089 g/L?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19819", "question_text": "Dr. Singh could benefit from having a systems analyst support her business problems and opportunities. How could Dr. Singh leverage this resource most efficiently?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9567}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19753", "question_text": "What is an example of a good application for blockchain?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9892}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26527", "question_text": "The nurse is caring for a client on long-term antibiotic therapy. Which food should the nurse recommend the client include in the diet to maintain gut homeostasis?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9949}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10918", "question_text": "A mutated gene that codes for an altered version of Cdk that is active in the absence of cyclin is a(n) _____.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9371}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22243", "question_text": "A researcher is interested in studying the recent pickleball craze, and wants to know how both newer and more seasoned players operate during the game. They go to a court and sit quietly among others watching various people playing the sport. Which research method is being used?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9069}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12869", "question_text": "Which of these is most associated with villi?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08686", "question_text": "When prokaryotes live as interacting communities in which one population benefits to the harm of the other, the type of symbiosis is called ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16283", "question_text": "Which behavior of light is indicated by diffraction?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15852", "question_text": "What is the angle formed between the vectors of centripetal acceleration and centripetal force?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18304", "question_text": "Solve the formulaA=(b1+b2)2hforb1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11257", "question_text": "Explain the statement that both types, bacteria and archaea, have the same basic structures, but built from different chemical components.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5433}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14248", "question_text": "Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration and the hydroxide ion concentration in wine from its pH. SeeFigure 14.2for useful information.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09971", "question_text": "the opposite of 16", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7802}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18116", "question_text": "Where is the restroom?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9714}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11599", "question_text": "How is a condition such as diabetes a good example of the failure of a set point in humans?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9648}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22513", "question_text": "What is a dependent teacher-child relationship? Why might this relationship form?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21173", "question_text": "The 1965 Selma-to-Montgomery march was an important milestone in the civil rights movement because it ________. vividly illustrated the continued resistance to Black civil rights in the Deep Southdid not encounter any violent resistanceled to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964was the first major protest after the death of Martin Luther King, Jr.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9931}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23701", "question_text": "Of these, which country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9068}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06020", "question_text": "What is the main difference between an _ionic bond_ , a _covalent bond_ , and a _van der Waals bond_ ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04546", "question_text": "Unreasonable Results A mother pushes her child on a swing so that his speed is 9.00 m/s at the lowest point of his path. The swing is suspended 2.00 m above the child\u2019s center of mass. (a) What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the child at the low point?(b) What is the magnitude of the force the child exerts on the seat if his mass is 18.0 kg?(c) What is unreasonable about these results? (d) Which premises are unreasonable or inconsistent?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.783}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26122", "question_text": "LO5.1Explain how process costing differs from job order costing.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26961", "question_text": "A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values for a client diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The nurse should expect an elevation in which laboratory value?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9039}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15265", "question_text": "Is an emf induced in the coil inFigure 23.51when it is stretched? If so, state why and give the direction of the induced current. Figure23.51A circular coil of wire is stretched in a magnetic field.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9669}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24268", "question_text": "The 1830 Indian Removal Act is best understood as ________. an example of President Jackson forcing Congress to pursue an unpopular policyan illustration of the widespread hatred of Native Americans during the Age of Jacksonan example of laws designed to integrate Native Americans into American lifean effort to deprive the Cherokee of their enslaved property", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7344}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15945", "question_text": "Which expression represents power?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06276", "question_text": "A woman being married to two men would be an example of:    A. monogamy   B. polygyny   C. polyandry   D. cohabitation", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22806", "question_text": "Examine the cultural views of aging in your community. How do these views affect the treatment and social roles of older adults? Compare these views with those of a different culture discussed in the chapter. What are the similarities and differences, and how might these affect the well-being of older adults in each culture?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18676", "question_text": "GraphA.e\u00e2\u0086\u0092b\u00e2\u0086\u0092c\u00e2\u0086\u0092f\u00e2\u0086\u0092e\u00e2\u0086\u0092b\u00e2\u0086\u0092e", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08126", "question_text": "A motorboat is traveling across a lake at a speed of v_{b} = 15.00\\ \\text{m/s}. The boat bounces up and down every 0.50 s as it travels in the same direction as a wave. It bounces up and down every 0.30 s as it travels in a direction opposite the direction of the waves. What is the speed and wavelength of the wave?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9853}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13042", "question_text": "What do each of the three male accessory glands contribute to the semen?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08301", "question_text": "How do interest groups and their lobbyists decide which lawmakers to lobby? And where do they do so?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8821}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17483", "question_text": "Describe the relationship between the mean and the median of this distribution. Figure2.34", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9933}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26815", "question_text": "A client is prescribed ethosuximide for seizures. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor the client for?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9625}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07524", "question_text": "If a book is located on a table, how many forces should be shown in a free- body diagram of the book? Describe them.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9158}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18213", "question_text": "Find the prime factorization of 300.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05451", "question_text": "\\beta^{+}{} decay of {}^{\\text{50}}\\text{Mn} .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7101}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12411", "question_text": "Which of the following helps an agonist work?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25721", "question_text": "LO3.4What is the effect on the accounting equation when a business purchases supplies on account?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7263}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11457", "question_text": "Eccrine glands produce ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9897}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11712", "question_text": "How would mutations that completely ablate the function of the androgen receptor impact the phenotypic development of humans with XY chromosomes?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20630", "question_text": "Calculate the equity each of these people has in their home:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19120", "question_text": "[T]The density of Earth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s layers is displayed in the table below. Using your calculator or a computer program, find the best-fit quadratic equation to the density. Using this equation, find the total mass of Earth. LayerDepth from center (km)Density (g/cm3)Inner Core0012.9512.95Outer Core1228122811.0511.05Mantle348834885.005.00Upper Mantle633863383.903.90Crust637863782.552.55Source: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geophys/earthstruct.html", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9553}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14007", "question_text": "When KNO3is dissolved in water, the resulting solution is significantly colder than the water was originally. (a) Is the dissolution of KNO3an endothermic or an exothermic process? (b) What conclusions can you draw about the intermolecular attractions involved in the process? (c) Is the resulting solution an ideal solution?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6909}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27024", "question_text": "Which of the following effects is consistent with parasympathetic stimulation of the bladder?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9535}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18633", "question_text": "Which candidate is the winner by the ranked-choice method?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6807}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10936", "question_text": "List the regulatory mechanisms that might be lost in a cell producing faulty p53.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08971", "question_text": "The sequencing method involving the incorporation of ddNTPs is called __________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9421}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12791", "question_text": "What disease is associated with bone marrow transplants?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6935}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20589", "question_text": "What is the problem of moral hazard?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6893}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05475", "question_text": "Unreasonable Results The manufacturer of a smoke alarm decides that the smallest current of \\text{\u03b1} radiation he can detect is 1.00\\ \\mu\\text{A} . (a) Find the activity in curies of an \\text{\u03b1} emitter that produces a 1.00\\ \\mu\\text{A} current of \\text{\u03b1} particles. (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) What assumption is responsible?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03742", "question_text": "f(x) = x^{3} - 2x^{2} + 4,a = -3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5598}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10502", "question_text": "The 1830 Indian Removal Act is best understood as ________.    A. an example of President Jackson forcing Congress to pursue an unpopular policy   B. an illustration of the widespread hatred of Native Americans during the Age of Jackson   C. an example of laws designed to integrate Native Americans into American life   D. an effort to deprive the Cherokee of their enslaved property", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4869}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26049", "question_text": "LO1.1Carlita believes an important part of the planning process for managers is being sure to position the company to achieve its goals. She thinks that positioning is an extensive concept and can depend on the right information and that managerial accountants assist in positioning the company. Is she correct? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.905}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07096", "question_text": "The accompanied figure shows an arrangement for measuring mass of ions by an instrument called the mass spectrometer. An ion of mass _m_ and charge + _q_ is produced essentially at rest in source _S_ , a chamber in which a gas discharge is taking place. The ion is accelerated by a potential difference V_{\\text{acc}} and allowed to enter a region of constant magnetic field \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}}_{0}. In the uniform magnetic field region, the ion moves in a semicircular path striking a photographic plate at a distance _x_ from the entry point. Derive a formula for mass m in terms of B_{0}, _q_ , V_{\\text{acc}}, and _x_ .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14165", "question_text": "Convert the values ofKcto values ofKPor the values ofKPto values ofKc. (a)N2(g)+3H2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c2NH3(g)Kc=0.50at400\u00c2\u00b0CN2(g)+3H2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c2NH3(g)Kc=0.50at400\u00c2\u00b0C (b)H2(g)+I2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c2HI(g)Kc=50.2at448\u00c2\u00b0CH2(g)+I2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c2HI(g)Kc=50.2at448\u00c2\u00b0C (c)Na2SO4\u00c2\u00b710H2O(s)\u00e2\u0087\u008cNa2SO4(s)+10H2O(g)KP=4.08\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u009225at25\u00c2\u00b0CNa2SO4\u00c2\u00b710H2O(s)\u00e2\u0087\u008cNa2SO4(s)+10H2O(g)KP=4.08\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u009225at25\u00c2\u00b0C (d)H2O(l)\u00e2\u0087\u008cH2O(g)KP=0.122at50\u00c2\u00b0CH2O(l)\u00e2\u0087\u008cH2O(g)KP=0.122at50\u00c2\u00b0C", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8403}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14970", "question_text": "More force is required to pull the plug in a full bathtub than when it is empty. Does this contradict Archimedes\u00e2\u0080\u0099 principle? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3747}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21504", "question_text": "How are community responsibilities carried out?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19375", "question_text": "How are processes managed by the OS conceptually?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17793", "question_text": "Fill in the blanks on the graph with the areas, upper and lower limits of the confidence interval, and the sample mean. Figure8.8", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8175}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21686", "question_text": "Representative democratic governments ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9208}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09471", "question_text": "[LO 3.2](3-2-calculate-a-break-even-point-in-units-and-dollars) A company sells its products for $80 per unit and has per-unit variable costs of $30. What is the contribution margin per unit?    A. $30   B. $50   C. $80   D. $110", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5495}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16620", "question_text": "Explain how the zodiacal constellations are different from the other constellations.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04714", "question_text": "Calculate the contact angle \\theta for olive oil if capillary action raises it to a height of 7.07 cm in a glass tube with a radius of 0.100 mm. Is this value consistent with that for most organic liquids?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16832", "question_text": "What is, by far, the most abundant component of Earth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s atmosphere?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6352}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25900", "question_text": "LO10.1Can a business change from one inventory costing method to another any time they wish? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9698}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20110", "question_text": "Consider a single perceptron model that is being trained to diagnose the flu in patients based on three simple markers. Suppose the next data point in the training set isx=(0.68,0.42,0.99), and suppose that the correct classification for this combination of markers isy=1(flu diagnosed). With current weightsw=(0.7,0.2,\u00e2\u0088\u00920.3)and biasb=\u00e2\u0088\u00920.3, does the perceptron correctly diagnose the patient as having the flu? If not, use the perceptron learning rule withh=0.2to update the weights and bias. Is there an improvement in classifying this data point?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23980", "question_text": "Under what circumstances is it appropriate for a person in one culture to adopt elements from another culture, such as dress, food, or speech? Is that cultural appropriation? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9222}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03684", "question_text": "What is the average velocity of the bullet for the first half-second?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4848}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22895", "question_text": "An action potential is due to:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9295}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01387", "question_text": "\\frac{18w}{6w - 1} + \\frac{3w - 2}{1 - 6w}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5769}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17536", "question_text": "FindP(musician is a man AND had private instruction).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9851}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23908", "question_text": "In 2014, what was the largest city in the world?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9393}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20138", "question_text": "a.Create a graph for the binomial distribution withn=50andp=0.75. b.Analyze the graph and comment on symmetry and skewness.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9794}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07137", "question_text": "Consider the axial magnetic field B_{y} = {{\\mu_{0}IR^{2}}\\text{/}{2(y^{2}}} + R^{2})^{3\\text{/}2} of the circular current loop shown below. (a) Evaluate \\int_{\\text{\u2212}a}^{a}{B_{y}dy.} Also show that \\underset{a\\rightarrow\\infty}{\\text{lim}}{\\int_{\\text{\u2212}a}^{a}B_{y}}dy = \\mu_{0}I. (b) Can you deduce this limit without evaluating the integral? ( _Hint:_ See the accompanying figure.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.925}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10675", "question_text": "Which of the following statements is not true?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13494", "question_text": "In a common experiment in the general chemistry laboratory, magnesium metal is heated in air to produce MgO. MgO is a white solid, but in these experiments it often looks gray, due to small amounts of Mg3N2, a compound formed as some of the magnesium reacts with nitrogen. Write a balanced equation for each reaction.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25445", "question_text": "Discuss the importance of having personal resources, such as a strong support system, when starting a venture.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9219}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12933", "question_text": "In type II diabetes, insulin is produced but is nonfunctional. These patients are described as \u00e2\u0080\u009cstarving in a sea of plenty,\u00e2\u0080\u009d because their blood glucose levels are high, but none of the glucose is transported into the cells. Describe how this leads to malnutrition.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9899}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04532", "question_text": "This problem returns to the tightrope walker studied in [Example 4.6](4-5-normal-tension-and-other-examples-of-forces) , who created a tension of {3\\text{.}{\\text{94} \\times \\text{10}^{3}}\\ N}{} in a wire making an angle \\text{5.0\u00ba} below the horizontal with each supporting pole. Calculate how much this tension stretches the steel wire if it was originally 15 m long and 0.50 cm in diameter.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20402", "question_text": "Is a monopolist allocatively efficient? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02448", "question_text": "f(x) = \\sqrt{x - 2} + 4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8882}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20709", "question_text": "Name and explain some of the reasons why wages are likely to be sticky, especially in downward adjustments.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12363", "question_text": "Discuss the structures that contribute to support of the shoulder joint.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.685}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25023", "question_text": "The following are possible remedies to buyers under the UCC:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6022}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07801", "question_text": "A track star runs a 400-m race on a 400-m circular track in 45 s. What is his angular velocity assuming a constant speed?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17541", "question_text": "P(x= 4) = _______", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5462}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19435", "question_text": "What is the difference between the front end, middle end, and back end compiler phases?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13752", "question_text": "Using the standard enthalpy of formation data inAppendix G, show how the standard enthalpy of formation of HCl(g) can be used to determine the bond energy.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18019", "question_text": "How many acres will be left to mow after 100 hours of work?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9647}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24717", "question_text": "The Pre-Socratics were wrong in their various metaphysical explanations. Yet they are considered to have contributed significantly to the history of philosophy and metaphysics. How could they have contributed if they were wrong?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6113}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20216", "question_text": "Will demand curves have the same exact shape in all markets? If not, how will they differ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9912}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20508", "question_text": "Suppose that Sony's R&D investment in digital devices has increased profits by 20%. Is this a private or social benefit?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4897}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02687", "question_text": "\\frac{- x^{2} + 36x + 70}{x^{3} - 125}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5092}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23242", "question_text": "Which of the following best describes the therapeutic window of a drug?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6478}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00769", "question_text": "\\mathbf{\\text{r}}(t) = \\left\\langle {e^{t},\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{4 - t}},\\text{sec}(t)} \\right\\rangle", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6431}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15383", "question_text": "Is Earth an inertial frame of reference? Is the Sun? Justify your response.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20352", "question_text": "Suppose the cost of machines increases to $55, while the cost of labor stays at $40. How would that affect the total cost of the three methods? Which method should the firm choose now?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4641}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08484", "question_text": "\\lim\\limits_{x\\rightarrow 3^{+}}\\left( {3x - \\lbrack x\\rbrack} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5245}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06496", "question_text": "Which kind of mark is owned by the following companies?    A. Apple.   B. Xerox.   C. Coppertone.   D. Windows.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8811}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19236", "question_text": "Why is case analysis important?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21464", "question_text": "All political behavior is based on ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5566}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05130", "question_text": "What current is needed in the solenoid described in [Exercise 22.64](22-problems-exercises#eip-681) to produce a magnetic field \\text{10}^{4}{} times the Earth\u2019s magnetic field of 5\\text{.}{\\text{00} \\times \\text{10}^{- 5}}\\ T ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13797", "question_text": "Use valence bond theory to explain the bonding in F2, HF, and ClBr. Sketch the overlap of the atomic orbitals involved in the bonds.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02357", "question_text": "f(x) = - \\left| {x - 3} \\right|", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5793}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08159", "question_text": "Consider the graph shown below of a compression wave. Shown are snapshots of the wave function for t = 0.000\\ \\text{s} (blue) and t = 0.005\\ \\text{s} (orange). What are the wavelength, maximum displacement, velocity, and period of the compression wave?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4411}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08138", "question_text": "Consider two wave functions y_{1}\\left( {x,t} \\right) = A\\ \\text{sin}\\left( {kx - \\omega t} \\right) and y_{2}\\left( {x,t} \\right) = A\\ \\text{sin}\\left( {kx + \\omega t + \\phi} \\right) . What is the wave function resulting from the interference of the two wave? ( _Hint:_ \\text{sin}\\left( {\\alpha \\pm \\beta} \\right) = \\text{sin}\\ \\alpha\\ \\text{cos}\\ \\beta \\pm \\text{cos}\\ \\alpha\\ \\text{sin}\\ \\beta and \\phi = \\frac{\\phi}{2} + \\frac{\\phi}{2} .)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8274}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15540", "question_text": "Another known cause of red shift in light is the source being in a high gravitational field. Discuss how this can be eliminated as the source of galactic red shifts, given that the shifts are proportional to distance and not to the size of the galaxy.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.482}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14865", "question_text": "The force exerted by a diving board is conservative, provided the internal friction is negligible. Assuming friction is negligible, describe changes in the potential energy of a diving board as a swimmer dives from it, starting just before the swimmer steps on the board until just after his feet leave it.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8785}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11776", "question_text": "Restrictive airway diseases ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9847}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06843", "question_text": "A solid cylindrical conductor of radius _a_ is surrounded by a concentric cylindrical shell of inner radius _b_ . The solid cylinder and the shell carry charges + _Q_ and \u2013 _Q_ , respectively. Assuming that the length _L_ of both conductors is much greater than _a_ or _b_ , determine the electric field as a function of _r_ , the distance from the common central axis of the cylinders, for (a) r < a; (b) a < r < b; and (c) r > b.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05270", "question_text": "Critical Thinking A microscope has the objective lens 6.00 mm from an object. The focal length of the objective lens is 4.00 mm. The eyepiece has a focal length of 50.0 mm and is initially 25.0 mm from the objective lens. (a) The objective lens is moved to 5.00 mm from the objective, effectively lengthening the microscope. How does this affect the magnification of the microscope? (b) Does moving the objective increase closer to the object increase or decrease the magnification, or does it remain the same? (c) Do you think moving the objective from 6 mm to 7 mm from the object will increase or decrease the magnification of the microscope, or will it likely remain the same? (d) What indicates whether the image is upright or inverted?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09650", "question_text": "[LO 12.1](12-1-explain-the-importance-of-performance-measurement) Why might a manager focused solely on accounting numbers miss opportunities for future benefits?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6881}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10870", "question_text": "Where do DAG and IP3originate?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5829}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17309", "question_text": "Describe the process by which the action of a black hole can explain the energy radiated by quasars.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11146", "question_text": "Which term is used to describe the continued divergence of species based on the low fitness of hybrid offspring?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5286}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03556", "question_text": "Write the Lewis structures for each of the following: (a) NH 2\u2212 (b) N 2 F 4 (c) \\text{NH}_{2}{}^{-} (d) NF 3 (e) \\text{N}_{3}{}^{-}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26244", "question_text": "LO9.4Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a cost-based transfer pricing approach.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9894}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05317", "question_text": "At what angle is light inside crown glass completely polarized when reflected from water, as in a fish tank?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8932}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04615", "question_text": "Professional Application Two piloted satellites approach one another at a relative speed of 0.250 m/s, intending to dock. The first has a mass of 4\\text{.}{\\text{00} \\times \\text{10}^{3}}\\ \\text{kg} , and the second a mass of 7\\text{.}{\\text{50} \\times \\text{10}^{3}}\\ \\text{kg} . If the two satellites collide elastically rather than dock, what is their final relative velocity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7891}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01957", "question_text": "Given the function,   R(x) = \\frac{2}{2x^{2} + x - 15}, find the values of x that make the function less than or equal to 0.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22890", "question_text": "In diffusion, molecules move:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4907}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08089", "question_text": "A transverse wave on a string is modeled with the wave function y\\left( {x,t} \\right) = (0.20\\ \\text{cm})\\text{sin}\\left( {2.00\\ \\text{m}^{-1}x - 3.00\\ \\text{s}^{-1}t + \\frac{\\pi}{16}} \\right). What is the height of the string with respect to the equilibrium position at a position x = 4.00\\ \\text{m} and a time t = 10.00\\ \\text{s}?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9858}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02740", "question_text": "r = \\frac{1}{4 + 3\\mspace{9mu}\\sin\\mspace{7mu}\\theta}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4066}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18716", "question_text": "A patient is prescribed 0.75 mg/kg of a drug to be delivered intramuscularly once per day. If the drug is available in 2.5 mg/mL and the patient weighs 63 kg, how many milliliters of the drug should be given per day?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9898}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04526", "question_text": "(a) The \u201clead\u201d in pencils is a graphite composition with a Young\u2019s modulus of about {1{\\times \\text{10}^{9}}\\ {\\text{N}/\\text{m}^{2}}}{} . Calculate the change in length of the lead in an automatic pencil if you tap it straight into the pencil with a force of 4.0 N. The lead is 0.50 mm in diameter and 60 mm long. (b) Is the answer reasonable? That is, does it seem to be consistent with what you have observed when using pencils?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.898}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19713", "question_text": "In cyber economics, what do we call the network of utilities, roadways, railroads, and buildings necessary to support our transportation, commerce, and other systems?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7101}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13164", "question_text": "Use a Punnett square to predict the offspring in a cross between a tall pea plant (heterozygous) and a tall pea plant (heterozygous). What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21662", "question_text": "__________ is a name for the press that references its role in helping the public make sure the government is working truthfully.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7136}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12716", "question_text": "How do gap junctions and intercalated disks aid contraction of the heart?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01763", "question_text": "The perimeter of a city rectangular park is 1428 feet. The length is 78 feet more than twice the width. Find the length and width of the park.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9787}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25373", "question_text": "What simple tools can an entrepreneur use to get organized and do what is necessary throughout the month or year?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03393", "question_text": "The active ingredient formed by aspirin in the body is salicylic acid, C 6 H 4 OH(CO 2 H). The carboxyl group (\u2212CO 2 H) acts as a weak acid. The phenol group (an OH group bonded to an aromatic ring) also acts as an acid but a much weaker acid. List, in order of descending concentration, all of the ionic and molecular species present in a 0.001- _M_ aqueous solution of C 6 H 4 OH(CO 2 H).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25808", "question_text": "LO6.5A buyer purchases $250 worth of goods on credit from a seller. Shipping charges are $50. The terms of the purchase are 2/10, n/30, FOB Destination. What, if any, journal entry or entries will the buyer record for these transactions?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9056}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26978", "question_text": "A 76-year-old client with diabetes and renal impairment is scheduled for a diagnostic test requiring the use of contrast dye. Which of the following drugs should the nurse instruct the client to stop taking 24 hours prior to the procedure?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.531}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13964", "question_text": "Evaporation of sweat requires energy and thus take excess heat away from the body. Some of the water that you drink may eventually be converted into sweat and evaporate. If you drink a 20-ounce bottle of water that had been in the refrigerator at 3.8 \u00c2\u00b0C, how much heat is needed to convert all of that water into sweat and then to vapor? (Note: Your body temperature is 36.6 \u00c2\u00b0C. For the purpose of solving this problem, assume that the thermal properties of sweat are the same as for water.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01887", "question_text": "x^{4} - 13x^{2} - 30", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8276}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14942", "question_text": "Suppose an ice hockey puck strikes a hockey stick that lies flat on the ice and is free to move in any direction. Which quantities are likely to be conserved: angular momentum, linear momentum, or kinetic energy (assuming the puck and stick are very resilient)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9716}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17639", "question_text": "What is the mean?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7766}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04491", "question_text": "(a) If the rocket sled shown in [Figure 4.31](4-problems-exercises#fs- id1870792) starts with only one rocket burning, what is the magnitude of its acceleration? Assume that the mass of the system is 2100 kg, the thrust T is 2.4 \\times 10^{4} N, and the force of friction opposing the motion is known to be 650 N. (b) Why is the acceleration not one-fourth of what it is with all rockets burning?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9837}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07995", "question_text": "What is the mass of a deep breath of air having a volume of 2.00 L? Discuss the effect taking such a breath has on your body\u2019s volume and density.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9941}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07774", "question_text": "You are coasting on your 10-kg bicycle at 15 m/s and a 5.0-g bug splatters on your helmet. The bug was initially moving at 2.0 m/s in the same direction as you. If your mass is 60 kg, (a) what is the initial momentum of you plus your bicycle? (b) What is the initial momentum of the bug? (c) What is your change in velocity due to the collision with the bug? (d) What would the change in velocity have been if the bug were traveling in the opposite direction?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6717}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19751", "question_text": "What is the process of collaborating across international borders to design and develop new goods and services for the global marketplace?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8515}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14114", "question_text": "Suppose that the half-life of steroids taken by an athlete is 42 days. Assuming that the steroids biodegrade by a first-order process, how long would it take for164164of the initial dose to remain in the athlete\u00e2\u0080\u0099s body?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19959", "question_text": "What are some benefits of implementing business intelligence in an organization?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9451}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16307", "question_text": "What creates a greater magnitude of force, two charges +qa distance r apart or two charges \u00e2\u0080\u0093qthe same distance apart?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23928", "question_text": "How do you think the issue of e-waste should be dealt with? Should the responsibility fall to the companies that make the products or the consumer who buys them? Would your buying habits be different if you had to pay to recycle old electronics?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11651", "question_text": "Why is it difficult to identify the cause of many nervous system disorders?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01491", "question_text": "\u24d0 \\sqrt[9]{d^{9}}   \u24d1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8248}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03943", "question_text": "State whether each of the following events involves a financial flow to the Mexican economy or a financial flow out of the Mexican economy:    A. Mexico imports services from Japan   B. Mexico exports goods to Canada   C. U.S. investors receive a return from past financial investments in Mexico", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9242}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18371", "question_text": "What is 70% of 200?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9178}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17329", "question_text": "What is the evidence that a large fraction of the matter in the universe is invisible?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8845}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13089", "question_text": "Newborns are at much higher risk for dehydration than adults. Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9593}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15602", "question_text": "What does radiation therapy, used to treat cancer patients, have to do with physics?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8654}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09043", "question_text": "Which of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen?    A. a surface protein allowing the pathogen to bind to host cells   B. a secondary host the pathogen can infect   C. a surface protein the host immune system recognizes   D. the ability to form a provirus", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9855}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05349", "question_text": "(a) Calculate the relativistic kinetic energy of a 1000-kg car moving at 30.0 m/s if the speed of light were only 45.0 m/s. (b) Find the ratio of the relativistic kinetic energy to classical.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19075", "question_text": "lim(x,y)\u00e2\u0086\u0092(1,1)4xyx\u00e2\u0088\u00922y2lim(x,y)\u00e2\u0086\u0092(1,1)4xyx\u00e2\u0088\u00922y2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5878}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13911", "question_text": "Which of the following gases diffuse more slowly than oxygen? F2, Ne, N2O, C2H2, NO, Cl2, H2S", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9891}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17078", "question_text": "Describe how the mass, luminosity, surface temperature, and radius of main-sequence stars change in value going from the \u00e2\u0080\u009cbottom\u00e2\u0080\u009d to the \u00e2\u0080\u009ctop\u00e2\u0080\u009d of the main sequence.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9942}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01548", "question_text": "4y^{2} - 6y = 4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5173}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22952", "question_text": "If you wanted to trace a neural pathway in mice, which technique would be best?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9758}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04159", "question_text": "[LO 4.2](4-2-discuss-the-adjustment-process-and-illustrate-common-types-of- adjusting-entries) Why do adjusting entries always include both balance sheet and income statement accounts?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.915}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08979", "question_text": "The decimal reduction time refers to the amount of time it takes to which of the following?    A. reduce a microbial population by 10%   B. reduce a microbial population by 0.1%   C. reduce a microbial population by 90%   D. completely eliminate a microbial population", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4227}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19797", "question_text": "Database design and management are crucial for businesses because they ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7892}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26763", "question_text": "A nurse is reviewing a client\u00e2\u0080\u0099s medication profile and notices that they are taking isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for tuberculosis. These drugs can affect the function of which of the following organ systems?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9816}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12855", "question_text": "Which of the following membranes covers the stomach?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20662", "question_text": "Should people typically pay more attention to their real income or their nominal income? If you choose the latter, why would that make sense in today\u00e2\u0080\u0099s world? Would your answer be the same for the 1970s?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6209}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10617", "question_text": "Truman referred to his program of economic and social reform as the ________.    A. New Deal   B. Square Deal   C. Fair Deal   D. Straight Deal", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6077}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19082", "question_text": "h(x,y,z)=x3e2yzh(x,y,z)=x3e2yz", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9245}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08086", "question_text": "Radio waves transmitted through empty space at the speed of light \\left( {v = c = 3.00\\ \\times \\ 10^{8}\\ \\text{m/s}} \\right) by the _Voyager_ spacecraft have a wavelength of 0.120 m. What is their frequency?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7127}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06493", "question_text": "In what way are trademarked designs and trade dress similar to design patents?    A. All three protect the unique look of a company\u2019s products from being infringed.   B. All three protect only the nonfunctional elements of the product\u2019s appearance.   C. Both of these.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9681}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02976", "question_text": "Most people find waterbeds uncomfortable unless the water temperature is maintained at about 85 \u00b0F. Unless it is heated, a waterbed that contains 892 L of water cools from 85 \u00b0F to 72 \u00b0F in 24 hours. Estimate the amount of electrical energy required over 24 hours, in kWh, to keep the bed from cooling. Note that 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 3.6 \\times 10 6 J, and assume that the density of water is 1.0 g/mL (independent of temperature). What other assumptions did you make? How did they affect your calculated result (i.e., were they likely to yield \u201cpositive\u201d or \u201cnegative\u201d errors)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9945}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08634", "question_text": "What is one difference between specimen preparation for a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and preparation for a scanning electron microscope (SEM)?    A. Only the TEM specimen requires sputter coating.   B. Only the SEM specimen requires sputter-coating.   C. Only the TEM specimen must be dehydrated.   D. Only the SEM specimen must be dehydrated.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14883", "question_text": "Professional Application Explain in terms of impulse how padding reduces forces in a collision. State this in terms of a real example, such as the advantages of a carpeted vs. tile floor for a day care center.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9102}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03373", "question_text": "Show by suitable net ionic equations that each of the following species can act as a Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry base: (a) H 2 O (b) OH \u2212 (c) NH 3 (d) CN \u2212 (e) S 2\u2212 (f) \\text{H}_{2}\\text{PO}_{4}{}^{\\text{\u2212}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17941", "question_text": "Ifdf> 90, the distribution is _____________. Ifdf= 15, the distribution is ________________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8896}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03629", "question_text": "Predict the products of oxidizing the molecules shown in this problem. In each case, identify the product that will result from the minimal increase in oxidation state for the highlighted carbon atom: (a)   (b)   (c)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13821", "question_text": "For each of the following molecules, indicate the hybridization requested and whether or not the electrons will be delocalized: (a) ozone (O3) central O hybridization (b) carbon dioxide (CO2) central C hybridization (c) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) central N hybridization (d) phosphate ion(PO43\u00e2\u0088\u0092)(PO43\u00e2\u0088\u0092)central P hybridization", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7197}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22974", "question_text": "Neural stem cells have the potential to develop into which two primary cell types in the nervous system?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7608}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17029", "question_text": "Earth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s atmosphere is in hydrostatic equilibrium. What this means is that the pressure at any point in the atmosphere must be high enough to support the weight of air above it. How would you expect the pressure on Mt. Everest to differ from the pressure in your classroom? Explain why.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5257}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10853", "question_text": "Why are carnivores, such as lions, dependent on photosynthesis to survive?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.955}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09465", "question_text": "[LO 2.2](2-2-identify-and-apply-basic-cost-behavior-patterns) Identify and describe the three types of product costs in a manufacturing firm.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02186", "question_text": "For her birthday, Olive\u2019s grandparents bought her a new widescreen TV. Before opening it she wants to make sure it will fit her entertainment center. The TV is 55\u201d. The size of a TV is measured on the diagonal of the screen and a widescreen has a length that is larger than the width. The screen also has an area of 1452 square inches. Her entertainment center has an insert for the TV with a length of 50 inches and width of 40 inches. What are the length and width of the TV screen and will it fit Olive\u2019s entertainment center?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5506}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04218", "question_text": "[LO 7.3](7-3-analyze-and-journalize-transactions-using-special-journals) You just posted a debit to Cash in the general ledger. Which special journal did it come from?    A. sales journal   B. cash receipts journal   C. purchases journal   D. cash disbursements journal   E. general journal", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09028", "question_text": "The rate of discovery of antimicrobial drugs has decreased significantly in recent decades.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9738}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02300", "question_text": "{(3 - 5i)}^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.691}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25088", "question_text": "What are the similarities and differences between the business ventures of Wander Girls and Roxanne Quimby?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02923", "question_text": "Balance the following equations: (a) \\text{PCl}_{5}(s) + \\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(l)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{POCl}_{3}(l) + \\text{HCl}(aq) (b) \\text{Cu}(s) + \\text{HNO}_{3}(aq)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{Cu}{(\\text{NO}_{3})}_{2}(aq) + \\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(l) + \\text{NO}(g) (c) \\text{H}_{2}(g) + \\text{I}_{2}(s)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{HI}(s) (d) \\text{Fe}(s) + \\text{O}_{2}(g)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{Fe}_{2}\\text{O}_{3}(s) (e) \\text{Na}(s) + \\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(l)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{NaOH}{({aq})} + \\text{H}_{2}(g) (f) (\\text{NH}_{4})_{2}\\text{Cr}_{2}\\text{O}_{7}(s)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{Cr}_{2}\\text{O}_{3}(s) + \\text{N}_{2}(g) + \\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(g) (g) \\text{P}_{4}(s) + \\text{Cl}_{2}(g)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{PCl}_{3}(l) (h) \\text{PtCl}_{4}(s)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{Pt}{(s)} + \\text{Cl}_{2}(g)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7814}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08366", "question_text": "Why do House members and senators tend to be less active on foreign policy matters than domestic ones?    A. Foreign policy matters are more technical and difficult.   B. Legislators do not want to offend certain immigrant groups within their constituency.   C. Constituents are more directly affected by domestic policy topics than foreign ones.   D. Legislators themselves are not interested in foreign policy matters.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8147}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09574", "question_text": "[LO 8.3](8-3-compute-and-evaluate-labor-variances) What are some possible causes of a direct labor rate variance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24266", "question_text": "Why did the Second Bank of the United States make such an inviting target for President Jackson?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9615}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02286", "question_text": "\\left( {-2,5} \\right)\\left( {4,-1} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3073}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23478", "question_text": "Members of a counterculture movement believed that the economic disparity between the highest and the mid to lower economic classes is growing at an exponentially alarming rate. A sociologist who studies that movement by examining the interactions between its members would most likely use what theoretical approach?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7051}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07278", "question_text": "Part of the light passing through the air is scattered in all directions by the molecules comprising the atmosphere. The wavelengths of visible light are larger than molecular sizes, and the scattering is strongest for wavelengths of light closest to sizes of molecules.   (a) Which of the main colors of light is scattered the most? (b) Explain why this would give the sky its familiar background color at midday.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8883}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01860", "question_text": "x^{-3}x^{4}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07549", "question_text": "A 2.0-kg block is on a perfectly smooth ramp that makes an angle of 30\\text{\u00b0} with the horizontal. (a) What is the block\u2019s acceleration down the ramp and the force of the ramp on the block? (b) What force applied upward along and parallel to the ramp would allow the block to move with constant velocity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.572}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00884", "question_text": "\\frac{15}{20}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8799}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21666", "question_text": "The termmedia oligopoliesrefers to:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.903}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18268", "question_text": "Create the multiplication table for base 7.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10259", "question_text": "Use the formula F = \\frac{9}{5}C + 32 to convert 35\\text{\u00b0C} to degrees \\text{F}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15622", "question_text": "How does a scientific law compare to a local law, such as that governing parking at your school, in terms of whether or not laws can be changed, and how universal a law is?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03000", "question_text": "From the molar heats of formation in [Appendix G](g-standard-thermodynamic- properties-for-selected-substances) , determine how much heat is required to evaporate one mole of water: \\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(l)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(g)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7709}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08774", "question_text": "Match each polysaccharide with its description.  ___chitin | A. energy storage polymer in plants   ---|---   ___glycogen | B. structural polymer found in plants   ___starch | C. structural polymer found in cell walls of fungi and exoskeletons of some animals   ___cellulose | D. energy storage polymer found in animal cells and bacteria", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9777}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07632", "question_text": "A car of mass 1000.0 kg is traveling along a level road at 100.0 km/h when its brakes are applied. Calculate the stopping distance if the coefficient of kinetic friction of the tires is 0.\u0234. Neglect air resistance. ( _Hint:_ since the distance traveled is of interest rather than the time, _x_ is the desired independent variable and not _t_ . Use the Chain Rule to change the variable: \\frac{dv}{dt} = \\frac{dv}{dx}\\ \\frac{dx}{dt} = v\\frac{dv}{dx}.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9885}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23892", "question_text": "The removal of homosexuality from theDSMis an example of ____________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07894", "question_text": "A small ball of mass 0.50 kg is attached by a massless string to a vertical rod that is spinning as shown below. When the rod has an angular velocity of 6.0 rad/s, the string makes an angle of 30\\text{\u00b0} with respect to the vertical. (a) If the angular velocity is increased to 10.0 rad/s, what is the new angle of the string? (b) Calculate the initial and final angular momenta of the ball. (c) Can the rod spin fast enough so that the ball is horizontal?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19725", "question_text": "In cloud-centric solutions for cybersecurity, the Cloud Security Alliance regards encryption as the most important control to secure data in the cloud. Based on your knowledge of encryption, why is encryption so important for cloud cybersecurity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9811}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05059", "question_text": "Referring to the example combining series and parallel circuits and [Figure 21.6](21-1-resistors-in-series-and-parallel) , calculate I_{3}{} in the following two different ways: (a) from the known values of I and I_{2}{} ; (b) using Ohm\u2019s law for R_{3}{} . In both parts explicitly show how you follow the steps in the [Problem-Solving Strategies for Series and Parallel Resistors](21-1-resistors-in-series-and-parallel) .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9713}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07009", "question_text": "What are the largest and smallest resistances you can obtain by connecting a 36.0\\text{-}\\text{\u03a9} , a 50.0\\text{-}\\text{\u03a9} , and a 700\\text{-}\\text{\u03a9} resistor together?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03071", "question_text": "Write Lewis structures for the following: (a) SeF 6 (b) XeF 4 (c) \\text{SeCl}_{3}{}^{+} (d) Cl 2 BBCl 2 (contains a B\u2013B bond)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22841", "question_text": "What are some of the physical effects of grief and why do they occur?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21227", "question_text": "A referendum is not purely direct democracy because the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6154}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25262", "question_text": "If you could open a business right now, what would it be? Who would be your target market?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9786}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06233", "question_text": "Occupational prestige means that jobs are:    A. all equal in status   B. not equally valued   C. assigned to a person for life   D. not part of a person\u2019s self-identity", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02372", "question_text": "Write an equation for the piecewise function.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01894", "question_text": "64j^{2} + 225", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7355}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04102", "question_text": "[LO 2.3](2-3-prepare-an-income-statement-statement-of-owners-equity-and- balance-sheet) Working capital is an indication of the firm\u2019s ________.    A. asset utilization   B. amount of noncurrent liabilities   C. liquidity   D. amount of noncurrent assets", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9482}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19789", "question_text": "How does the \u00e2\u0080\u009copening the door to third parties\u00e2\u0080\u009d approach contribute to digital innovation, as exemplified by Gojek?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22458", "question_text": "Which trend in intelligence scores is described by the Flynn effect?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8219}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06188", "question_text": "Which of the following societies were the first to have permanent residents?    A. Industrial   B. Hunter-gatherer   C. Horticultural   D. Feudal", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7124}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02605", "question_text": "\\csc^{2}x - 3\\;\\csc\\; x - 4 = 0", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8638}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19064", "question_text": "A Ferris wheel car is moving at a constant speedvvand has a constant radiusr.r.Find the tangential and normal acceleration of the Ferris wheel car.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13893", "question_text": "Joseph Priestley first prepared pure oxygen by heating mercuric oxide, HgO:2HgO(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62Hg(l)+O2(g)2HgO(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62Hg(l)+O2(g) (a) Outline the steps necessary to answer the following question: What volume of O2at 23 \u00c2\u00b0C and 0.975 atm is produced by the decomposition of 5.36 g of HgO? (b) Answer the question.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3861}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11352", "question_text": "To an alga, what is the main advantage of producing drought-resistant structures?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9896}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20515", "question_text": "What is a labor union?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9702}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23492", "question_text": "Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13611", "question_text": "Using the data inAppendix G, calculate the standard enthalpy change for each of the following reactions: (a)Si(s)+2F2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6SiF4(g)Si(s)+2F2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6SiF4(g) (b)2C(s)+2H2(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CH3CO2H(l)2C(s)+2H2(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CH3CO2H(l) (c)CH4(g)+N2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6HCN(g)+NH3(g);CH4(g)+N2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6HCN(g)+NH3(g); (d)CS2(g)+3Cl2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CCl4(g)+S2Cl2(g)CS2(g)+3Cl2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CCl4(g)+S2Cl2(g)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23418", "question_text": "Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24007", "question_text": "Of Weber\u00e2\u0080\u0099s three forms of authority, which ones can you identify in your own society? How do these forms of authority interact?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15211", "question_text": "(a) What is the potential difference going from point a to point b inFigure 21.45? (b) What is the potential difference going from c to b? (c) From e to g? (d) From e to d?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22263", "question_text": "What combination of parent hair type would most likely result in a child\u00e2\u0080\u0099s having wavy hair?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07178", "question_text": "The conducting rod shown in the accompanying figure moves along parallel metal rails that are 25-cm apart. The system is in a uniform magnetic field of strength 0.75 T, which is directed into the page. The resistances of the rod and the rails are negligible, but the section PQ has a resistance of 0.25\\ \\text{\u03a9} . (a) What is the emf (including its sense) induced in the rod when it is moving to the right with a speed of 5.0 m/s? (b) What force is required to keep the rod moving at this speed? (c) What is the rate at which work is done by this force? (d) What is the power dissipated in the resistor?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9693}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02921", "question_text": "D5W is a solution used as an intravenous fluid. It is a 5.0% by mass solution of dextrose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) in water. If the density of D5W is 1.029 g/mL, calculate the molarity of dextrose in the solution.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06589", "question_text": "You leave a pastry in the refrigerator on a plate and ask your roommate to take it out before you get home so you can eat it at room temperature, the way you like it. Instead, your roommate plays video games for hours. When you return, you notice that the pastry is still cold, but the game console has become hot. Annoyed, and knowing that the pastry will not be good if it is microwaved, you warm up the pastry by unplugging the console and putting it in a clean trash bag (which acts as a perfect calorimeter) with the pastry on the plate. After a while, you find that the equilibrium temperature is a nice, warm 38.3\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} . You know that the game console has a mass of 2.1 kg. Approximate it as having a uniform initial temperature of 45\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} . The pastry has a mass of 0.16 kg and a specific heat of 3.0\\ \\text{k}\\ \\text{J/}(\\text{kg} \\cdot \\text{\u00baC}), and is at a uniform initial temperature of 4.0\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} . The plate is at the same temperature and has a mass of 0.24 kg and a specific heat of 0.90\\ \\text{kJ/}(\\text{kg} \\cdot \\text{\u00baC}) . What is the specific heat of the console?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6687}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02968", "question_text": "How many milliliters of a 0.1500- _M_ solution of KOH will be required to titrate 40.00 mL of a 0.0656- _M_ solution of H 3 PO 4 ?   \\text{H}_{3}\\text{PO}_{4}(aq) + 2\\text{KOH}{({aq})}\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{K}_{2}\\text{HPO}_{4}(aq) + 2\\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}{(l)}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5763}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15319", "question_text": "Suppose light were incident from air onto a material that had a negative index of refraction, say \u00e2\u0080\u00931.3; where does the refracted light ray go?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9945}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11347", "question_text": "The production of megaphylls by many different species of plants is an example of _____.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6582}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15874", "question_text": "An artificial satellite orbits the Earth at a distance of 1.45\u00c3\u0097104km from Earth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s center. The moon orbits the Earth at a distance of 3.84\u00c3\u0097105km once every 27.3 days. How long does it take the satellite to orbit the Earth?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9611}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06100", "question_text": "Verify that the total number of nucleons, and total charge are conserved for each of the following fusion reactions in the proton-proton chain. (i) {}^{1}\\text{H} + {}^{1}\\text{H}\\rightarrow{}^{2}\\text{H} + e^{+} + v_{\\text{e}} , (ii) {}^{1}\\text{H} + {}^{2}\\text{H}\\rightarrow{}^{3}\\text{H}\\text{e}\\ + \\gamma , and (iii) {}^{3}\\text{H}\\text{e}\\ + {}^{3}\\text{H}\\text{e}\\rightarrow{}^{4}\\text{H}\\text{e} + {}^{1}\\text{H} + {}^{1}\\text{H} . (List the value of each of the conserved quantities before and after each of the reactions.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8789}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07079", "question_text": "A singly charged ion takes 2.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{-3}\\text{s} to complete eight revolutions in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude 2.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{-2}\\text{T}. What is the mass of the ion?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07297", "question_text": "At the top of Earth\u2019s atmosphere, the time-averaged Poynting vector associated with sunlight has a magnitude of about 1.4\\ \\text{kW/m}^{2}.   (a) What are the maximum values of the electric and magnetic fields for a wave of this intensity? (b) What is the total power radiated by the sun? Assume that the Earth is 1.5\\ \\times \\ 10^{11}\\text{m} from the Sun and that sunlight is composed of electromagnetic plane waves.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9696}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12448", "question_text": "Which muscles form the hamstrings? How do they function together?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8387}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03011", "question_text": "Ethylene, C 2 H 4 , a byproduct from the fractional distillation of petroleum, is fourth among the 50 chemical compounds produced commercially in the largest quantities. About 80% of synthetic ethanol is manufactured from ethylene by its reaction with water in the presence of a suitable catalyst. \\text{C}_{2}\\text{H}_{4}(g) + \\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(g)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{C}_{2}\\text{H}_{5}\\text{OH}(l) Using the data in the table in [Appendix G](g-standard-thermodynamic-properties-for-selected-substances) , calculate \u0394 _H_ \u00b0 for the reaction.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4328}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14762", "question_text": "Does a car\u00e2\u0080\u0099s odometer measure distance traveled or displacement? Does its speedometer measure speed or velocity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6763}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20657", "question_text": "What are typical GDP patterns for a high-income economy like the United States in the long run and the short run?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8267}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04284", "question_text": "[LO 10.1](10-1-describe-and-demonstrate-the-basic-inventory-valuation-methods- and-their-cost-flow-assumptions) What is meant by the term _gross margin_ ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9259}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01766", "question_text": "Priam has dimes and pennies in a cup holder in his car. The total value of the coins is $4.U. The number of dimes is three less than four times the number of pennies. How many dimes and how many pennies are in the cup?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24762", "question_text": "What is moral relativism?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6332}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08166", "question_text": "During a 4th of July celebration, an M80 firework explodes on the ground, producing a bright flash and a loud bang. The air temperature of the night air is T_{\\text{F}} = 95.00\\text{\u00b0}\\text{F}. Two observers see the flash and hear the bang. The first observer notes the time between the flash and the bang as 0.10 second. The second observer notes the difference as 0.15 seconds. The line of sight between the two observers meet at a right angle as shown below. What is the distance \\text{\u0394}x between the two observers?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.455}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09554", "question_text": "[LO 7.4](7-4-prepare-flexible-budgets) What information is included in the capital asset budget?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9698}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01510", "question_text": "\\frac{z^{\\frac{2}{3}} \\cdot z^{- \\frac{1}{3}}}{z^{- \\frac{5}{3}}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6224}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02285", "question_text": "5x = 3y - 12", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8462}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17574", "question_text": "On average (\u00ce\u00bc), how many would you expect to answer yes?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6263}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23339", "question_text": "Stress-induced activation of the immune system happens in response to which?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8865}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26300", "question_text": "LO12.2What would be wrong with using two points of data in a performance measurement system to tell a company whether the amount of variation is normal or abnormal?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9902}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12435", "question_text": "What is the largest muscle in the lower leg?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8562}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27078", "question_text": "A client has been prescribed an ocular antiviral, trifluridine, for ocular herpes. The nurse instructs the client to seek immediate treatment if they experience which condition?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5427}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27076", "question_text": "A client tells the clinic nurse that after administering timolol drops in their right eye, they noticed that their heart rate decreased to 50 beats per minute. Which question by the nurse best determines the most likely cause of bradycardia?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6538}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24599", "question_text": "What were President Carter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s successes in the area of foreign policy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6358}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11555", "question_text": "Describe the two-stage lifecycle of plants: the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12472", "question_text": "What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8577}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11744", "question_text": "While assembling a skeleton of a new species, a scientist points to one of the bones and observes that it looks like the most likely site of leg muscle attachment. What kind of bone did she indicate?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9736}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13408", "question_text": "Which molecule has a molecular mass of 28.05 amu? (a) (b) (c)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01927", "question_text": "\\frac{3y}{y + 2} - \\frac{y + 2}{y + 8}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3748}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25232", "question_text": "What are the pitfalls in crafting a vision statement that is too broad or too narrow?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9647}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12907", "question_text": "Triglycerides are transported by chylomicrons because ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7812}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08756", "question_text": "Which of the following describes lipids?    A. a source of nutrients for organisms   B. energy-storage molecules   C. molecules having structural role in membranes   D. molecules that are part of hormones and pigments   E. all of the above", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8561}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02454", "question_text": "Does the equation y = 2.294e^{- 0.654t} represent continuous growth, continuous decay, or neither? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9434}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23703", "question_text": "Sociologists associate sexuality with _______.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09087", "question_text": "Hematopoiesis occurs in which of the following?    A. liver   B. bone marrow   C. kidneys   D. central nervous system", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03847", "question_text": "The rows in [Table 12.7](12-self-check-questions#Table_12_09) show three market-oriented tools for reducing pollution. The columns of the table show three complaints about command-and-control regulation. Fill in the table by stating briefly how each market-oriented tool addresses each of the three concerns.  | Incentives to Go Beyond | Flexibility about Where and How Pollution Will Be Reduced | Political Process Creates Loopholes and Exceptions   ---|---|---|---   Pollution Charges |  |  |    Marketable Permits |  |  |    Property Rights |  |  |    Table 12.7", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9894}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12352", "question_text": "Endochondral ossification is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9678}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09957", "question_text": "List all the multiples of 4 that are less than 50.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12580", "question_text": "Which type of reflex is the jaw-jerk reflex that is part of the cranial nerve exam for the vestibulocochlear nerve?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9811}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15118", "question_text": "What is grounding? What effect does it have on a charged conductor? On a charged insulator?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7916}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03229", "question_text": "Describe the crystal structure of iron, which crystallizes with two equivalent metal atoms in a cubic unit cell.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25423", "question_text": "How does a joint venture differ from the other business structures?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13685", "question_text": "Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which has the largest atomic radius: Li, Rb, N, F, I.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22225", "question_text": "Compare and contrast individual and group therapies.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17095", "question_text": "Use the diagram you have drawn forExercise 18.25to answer the following questions: Which star is more massive\u00e2\u0080\u0094Sirius or Alpha Centauri? Rigel and Regulus have nearly the same spectral type. Which is larger? Rigel and Betelgeuse have nearly the same luminosity. Which is larger? Which is redder?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6268}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01060", "question_text": "Three less than _c_ is at least 360.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8773}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11779", "question_text": "The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is transported by ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9901}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17154", "question_text": "The 21-cm line can be used not just to find out where hydrogen is located in the sky, but also to determine how fast it is moving toward or away from us. Describe how this might work.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9763}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00977", "question_text": "Sergio weighed 2.9 kilograms at birth. Convert this to grams.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22716", "question_text": "What is the term used for a living situation that is comprised of grandparents and their grandchildren who are under twenty-five-years-old?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9321}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05490", "question_text": "What is the dose in mSv for: (a) a 0.1 Gy x-ray? (b) 2.5 mGy of neutron exposure to the eye? (c) 1.5 mGy of \\alpha exposure?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7421}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08206", "question_text": "What is the difference between a representative democracy and a direct democracy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16964", "question_text": "Suppose you were designing a spacecraft that would match course with an asteroid and follow along its orbit. What sorts of instruments would you put on board to gather data, and what would you like to learn?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9141}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24745", "question_text": "What is global skepticism?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.524}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21585", "question_text": "Which of the following is not a reason that committees are formed in legislatures?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13886", "question_text": "A cylinder of a gas mixture used for calibration of blood gas analyzers in medical laboratories contains 5.0% CO2, 12.0% O2, and the remainder N2at a total pressure of 146 atm. What is the partial pressure of each component of this gas? (The percentages given indicate the percent of the total pressure that is due to each component.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11927", "question_text": "How is a clumped population distribution beneficial for prey animals?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8462}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16524", "question_text": "Do standing waves explain why electron orbitals are quantized?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9642}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01441", "question_text": "\\sqrt{121c^{2}d^{2}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7511}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01702", "question_text": "Find the length of the missing side.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20424", "question_text": "Would you expect the kinked demand curve to be more extreme (like a right angle) or less extreme (like a normal demand curve) if each firm in the cartel produces a near-identical product like OPEC and petroleum? What if each firm produces a somewhat different product? Explain your reasoning.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5403}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04189", "question_text": "[LO 6.5](6-5-discuss-and-record-transactions-applying-the-two-commonly-used- freight-in-methods) Which of the following is _not_ a characteristic of FOB Shipping Point?    A. The buyer pays for shipping.   B. The buyer owns goods in transit.   C. The point of transfer is when the goods leave the seller\u2019s place of business.   D. The point of transfer is when the goods arrive at the buyer\u2019s place of business.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8003}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24878", "question_text": "Utilitarianism is a system that ________. considers historical conditionsapproaches Aristotelian deliberationbuilds on natural law theoryattempts to quantify the good", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9831}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03680", "question_text": "\\frac{d}{dt}{\\int_{0}^{t}{\\frac{\\text{sin}\\mspace{2mu} x}{\\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}dx}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22847", "question_text": "Examine how cultural beliefs and practices influence decisions about end-of-life care, including the acceptance or rejection of hospice care, use of advance directives, and attitudes toward euthanasia and assisted suicide.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17524", "question_text": "JandKare independent events.P(J|K) = 0.3. FindP(J).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.672}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06595", "question_text": "An infrared heater for a sauna has a surface area of 0.050\\ \\text{m}^{2} and an emissivity of 0.\u0094. What temperature must it run at if the required power is 360 W? Neglect the temperature of the environment.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9529}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23457", "question_text": "Create a brief research design about a topic in which you are passionately interested. Now write a letter to a philanthropic or grant organization requesting funding for your study. How can you describe the project in a convincing yet realistic and objective way? Explain how the results of your study will be a relevant contribution to the body of sociological work already in existence.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20500", "question_text": "What is the free rider problem?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4093}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05112", "question_text": "What is the direction of the magnetic force on the current in each of the six cases in [Figure 22.50](22-problems-exercises#import-auto-id1166991863546) ? Figure 22.50", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8841}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19538", "question_text": "What do you use for documenting a recurring problem and providing a reusable template in the form of a problem-solution pair within a given context?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21226", "question_text": "Which of the following isnota step in the initiative process?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15089", "question_text": "Some people modify cars to be much closer to the ground than when manufactured. Should they install stiffer springs? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7647}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21387", "question_text": "During George Washington\u00e2\u0080\u0099s administration, there were ________ cabinet positions.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9885}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23482", "question_text": "Do you believe that feelings of ethnocentricity or xenocentric attitudes and practices are prevalent in U.S. culture? Why do you believe this? What issues or events might  influence your ideas about these concepts?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17338", "question_text": "Suppose you are standing in the center of a large, densely populated city that is exactly circular, surrounded by a ring of suburbs with lower-density population, surrounded in turn by a ring of farmland. From this specific location, would you say the population distribution is isotropic? Homogeneous?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24182", "question_text": "What was the purpose of the Tea Act of 1773? to punish the colonists for their boycotting of British teato raise revenue to offset the British national debtto help revive the struggling East India Companyto pay the salaries of royal appointees", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.869}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23328", "question_text": "What is the role of macrophages?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9811}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22165", "question_text": "Provide an example of a stressful situation that may cause a person to become seriously ill. How would Selye\u00e2\u0080\u0099s general adaptation syndrome explain this occurrence?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8246}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09420", "question_text": "x(t) = 3t^{4} - 8t^{3} - 18t^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5739}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14684", "question_text": "Write two complete, balanced equations for each of the following reactions, one using condensed formulas and one using Lewis structures: (a) ethanol reacts with propionic acid (b) benzoic acid, C6H5CO2H, is added to a solution of sodium hydroxide", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21978", "question_text": "________ is when our recollections of the past are done in a self-enhancing manner.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25771", "question_text": "LO4.4Assume you are employed as the chief financial officer of a corporation and are responsible for preparation of the financial statements, including the adjusting process and preparation of the adjusted trial balance. The company is facing a slow year, and after your adjusting entries, the financial statements are accurately reflecting that fact. However, as you are discussing the matter with your boss, the chief executive officer (CEO), he suggests that you have the power to make further adjustments to the statements, and that you should use that power to \u00e2\u0080\u009cadjust\u00e2\u0080\u009d the profits and equity into a stronger position, so that investor confidence in the company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s prospects will be restored. Write a short memo to the CEO, stating your intentions about what you can and/or will do to make the financial statements more appealing. Be specific about any planned adjustments that could be made, assuming that normal period-end adjustments have already been reflected accurately in the financial statements that you prepared.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04911", "question_text": "Show that the speed of sound in \\text{20.0\u00baC} air is 343 m/s, as claimed in the text.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9941}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06633", "question_text": "Using the approximation \\int_{v_{1}}^{v_{1} + \\text{\u0394}v}\\ {f(v)dv \\approx f(v_{1})\\text{\u0394}v} for small \\text{\u0394}v , estimate the fraction of nitrogen molecules at a temperature of 3.00\\ \\times \\ 10^{2}\\ \\text{K} that have speeds between 290 m/s and 291 m/s.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9791}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11431", "question_text": "Compare the structural differences between Porifera and Cnidaria.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13622", "question_text": "Ethanol, C2H5OH, is used as a fuel for motor vehicles, particularly in Brazil. (a) Write the balanced equation for the combustion of ethanol to CO2(g) and H2O(g), and, using the data inAppendix G, calculate the enthalpy of combustion of 1 mole of ethanol. (b) The density of ethanol is 0.7893 g/mL. Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of exactly 1 L of ethanol. (c) Assuming that an automobile\u00e2\u0080\u0099s mileage is directly proportional to the heat of combustion of the fuel, calculate how much farther an automobile could be expected to travel on 1 L of gasoline than on 1 L of ethanol. Assume that gasoline has the heat of combustion and the density of n\u00e2\u0080\u0093octane, C8H18(\u00ce\u0094Hf\u00c2\u00b0=\u00e2\u0088\u0092208.4kJ/mol;(\u00ce\u0094Hf\u00c2\u00b0=\u00e2\u0088\u0092208.4kJ/mol;density = 0.7025 g/mL).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20260", "question_text": "Name some factors that can cause a shift in the demand curve in labor markets.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26772", "question_text": "The nurse is checking the medication orders for a client receiving fluorouracil for the treatment of colon cancer. Which medication should the nurse anticipate will be ordered with fluorouracil?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7282}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05808", "question_text": "A man standing still at a train station watches two boys throwing a baseball in a moving train. Suppose the train is moving east with a constant speed of 20 m/s and one of the boys throws the ball with a speed of 5 m/s with respect to himself toward the other boy, who is 5 m west from him. What is the velocity of the ball as observed by the man on the station?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11374", "question_text": "Abundant and powdery pollen produced by small, indistinct flowers is probably transported by:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23234", "question_text": "Neurons in the ________ allow for associative learning.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9408}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13504", "question_text": "Write the balanced equation, then outline the steps necessary to determine the information requested in each of the following: (a) The number of moles and the mass of chlorine, Cl2, required to react with 10.0 g of sodium metal, Na, to produce sodium chloride, NaCl. (b) The number of moles and the mass of oxygen formed by the decomposition of 1.252 g of mercury(II) oxide. (c) The number of moles and the mass of sodium nitrate, NaNO3, required to produce 128 g of oxygen. (NaNO2is the other product.) (d) The number of moles and the mass of carbon dioxide formed by the combustion of 20.0 kg of carbon in an excess of oxygen. (e) The number of moles and the mass of copper(II) carbonate needed to produce 1.500 kg of copper(II) oxide. (CO2is the other product.) (f)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8514}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16731", "question_text": "Where in an atom would you expect to find electrons? Protons? Neutrons?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9954}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18833", "question_text": "y=1x(x+1)2y=1x(x+1)2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7117}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12611", "question_text": "Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9432}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03578", "question_text": "Which is the stronger acid, HClO 3 or HBrO 3 ? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7708}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26173", "question_text": "LO7.4What information is included in the capital asset budget?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13776", "question_text": "Which of the following molecules and ions contain polar bonds? Which of these molecules and ions have dipole moments? (a) ClF5 (b)ClO2\u00e2\u0088\u0092ClO2\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (c)TeCl42\u00e2\u0088\u0092TeCl42\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (d) PCl3 (e) SeF4 (f)PH2\u00e2\u0088\u0092PH2\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (g) XeF2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9584}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13311", "question_text": "Give the name and symbol of the prefixes used with SI units to indicate multiplication by the following exact quantities. (a) 103 (b) 10\u00e2\u0088\u00922 (c) 0.1 (d) 10\u00e2\u0088\u00923 (e) 1,000,000 (f) 0.000001", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9327}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18117", "question_text": "~p:Pink Floyd\u00e2\u0080\u0099s albumThe Wallis not a rock opera.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9576}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07013", "question_text": "Consider the circuits shown below. (a) What is the current through each resistor in part (a)? (b) What is the current through each resistor in part (b)? (c) What is the power dissipated or consumed by each circuit? (d) What is the power supplied to each circuit?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4833}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18862", "question_text": "If the half-life ofseaborgium-266seaborgium-266is360360ms, thenk=(ln(2))/360.k=(ln(2))/360.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9379}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09530", "question_text": "[LO 6.5](6-5-compare-and-contrast-variable-and-absorption-costing) Under absorption costing, a unit of product includes which costs?    A. direct material, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead   B. direct material, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead   C. direct material, direct labor, and fixed manufacturing overhead   D. direct material, direct labor, and all variable manufacturing overhead", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9602}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01020", "question_text": "\\frac{c}{9} = 36", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7581}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01235", "question_text": "{(5^{3})}^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3708}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19963", "question_text": "What key principle underlies predictive analytics?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26936", "question_text": "Which statement best describes the action of nasal decongestants?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05813", "question_text": "What is the relative velocity of two spaceships if one fires a missile at the other at 0.750 _c_ and the other observes it to approach at 0.950 _c_ ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9925}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10526", "question_text": "What was President Zachary Taylor\u2019s top priority as president?    A. preserving the Union   B. ensuring the recapture of escaped enslaved people   C. expanding slavery   D. enlarging the state of Texas", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26206", "question_text": "LO8.5Identify several causes of an unfavorable material price variance.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9912}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23486", "question_text": "Consider some of the specific issues or concerns of your generation. Are any ideas or concepts countercultural? What subcultures have emerged from your generation? How have the issues of your generation expressed themselves culturally? How has your generation made its mark on society\u00e2\u0080\u0099s collective culture?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11462", "question_text": "Which of the following human traits is not a shared characteristic of primates?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9411}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18327", "question_text": "Use the vertical line test to determine if the graph represents a function.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04921", "question_text": "The amplitude of a sound wave is measured in terms of its maximum gauge pressure. By what factor does the amplitude of a sound wave increase if the sound intensity level goes up by 40.0 dB?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11893", "question_text": "Why would paired external fertilization be preferable to group spawning?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7856}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01602", "question_text": "the sum of -4 and -9, increased by 23", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8027}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02610", "question_text": "\\tan\\left( {\\sin^{- 1}\\left( \\frac{\\sqrt{2}}{2} \\right) + \\tan^{- 1}\\sqrt{3}} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.758}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05822", "question_text": "(a) At what relative velocity is \\gamma = 2.00? (b) At what relative velocity is \\gamma = 10.0?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18758", "question_text": "f(x)=x2+3x+4f(x)=x2+3x+4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8102}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15052", "question_text": "The first law of thermodynamics and the conservation of energy, as discussed inConservation of Energy, are clearly related. How do they differ in the types of energy considered?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16026", "question_text": "A planet\u00e2\u0080\u0099s atmospheric pressure is such that water there boils at a lower temperature than it does at sea level on Earth. If a Celsius scale is derived on this planet, will it be the same as that on Earth?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01508", "question_text": "\\left( x^{6} \\right)^{\\frac{4}{3}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3399}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20785", "question_text": "State whether each of the following events involves a financial flow to the Mexican economy or a financial flow out of the Mexican economy:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8191}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03217", "question_text": "How much heat is required to convert 422 g of liquid H 2 O at 23.5 \u00b0C into steam at 150 \u00b0C?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5193}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18365", "question_text": "Solve the system of equations by graphing.{y\u00e2\u0088\u00923x=3y=\u00e2\u0088\u00926x+12", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08507", "question_text": "Evaluate the limit by hand. \\begin{matrix} \\lim \\\\\\ {}^{x\\rightarrow 1} \\end{matrix}f(x),\\text{~where~~}f(x) = \\left\\\\{ \\begin{matrix} {4x - 7} & {x \\neq 1} \\\\\\ {x^{2} - 4} & {x = 1} \\end{matrix} \\right. At what value(s) of x is the function below discontinuous? f(x) = \\left\\\\{ \\begin{matrix} {4x - 7\\mspace{9mu} x \\neq 1} \\\\\\ {x^{2} - 4\\mspace{9mu} x = 1} \\end{matrix} \\right.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5577}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10400", "question_text": "5y^{2} - 55y + 45", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6342}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20186", "question_text": "A balanced federal budget and a balance of trade are secondary goals of macroeconomics, while growth in the standard of living (for example) is a primary goal. Why do you think that is so?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00905", "question_text": "the quotient of _c_ and the sum of _d_ and 9.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17009", "question_text": "If you were concerned about space weather and wanted to avoid it, where would be the safest place on Earth for you to live?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6727}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18601", "question_text": "You want to install a tinted protective shield on this window. How many square feet do you order?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9949}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07301", "question_text": "A microscopic spherical dust particle of radius 2\\ \\text{\u03bcm} and mass 10\\ \\text{\u03bcg} is moving in outer space at a constant speed of 30 cm/sec. A wave of light strikes it from the opposite direction of its motion and gets absorbed. Assuming the particle accelerates opposite to the motion uniformly to zero speed in one second, what is the average electric field amplitude in the light?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9784}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06040", "question_text": "Potassium chloride (KCl) is a molecule formed by an ionic bond. At equilibrium separation the atoms are r_{0} = 0.279\\ \\text{nm} apart. Determine the electrostatic potential energy of the atoms.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8835}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21021", "question_text": "Why do you think it is difficult for high-income countries to achieve high growth rates?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16611", "question_text": "From where on Earth could you observe all of the stars during the course of a year? What fraction of the sky can be seen from the North Pole?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12741", "question_text": "The hepatic portal system delivers blood from the digestive organs to the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9769}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18412", "question_text": "What is the funding gap for a student with cost of college equal to $35,750 and non-loan financial aid of $24,150?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8009}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23473", "question_text": "Modern-day hipsters are an example of:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3416}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10260", "question_text": "x + 16 = 31,\\ x = 15", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6149}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22750", "question_text": "According to recent data (2020\u00e2\u0080\u00932021), which chronic condition was the leading cause of death in the United States for people over age forty-five years?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8707}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11876", "question_text": "Which hormone causes Leydig cells to make testosterone?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9672}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01182", "question_text": "\\left\\\\{ \\begin{array}{l} {2x - y = 6} \\\\\\ {y = 4} \\end{array} \\right.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9773}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19961", "question_text": "What is the primary purpose of data visualization in the context of business intelligence?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6872}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01420", "question_text": "\\frac{3a^{2}b}{6ab^{2}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6708}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03049", "question_text": "Atoms of which group in the periodic table have a valence shell electron configuration of _ns_ 2 _np_ 3 ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12237", "question_text": "The skeletal system is composed of bone and cartilage and has many functions. Choose three of these functions and discuss what features of the skeletal system allow it to accomplish these functions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9256}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16427", "question_text": "What is Lenz\u00e2\u0080\u0099s law?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7022}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20272", "question_text": "During a discussion several years ago on building a pipeline to Alaska to carry natural gas, the U.S. Senate passed a bill stipulating that there should be a guaranteed minimum price for the natural gas that would flow through the pipeline. The thinking behind the bill was that if private firms had a guaranteed price for their natural gas, they would be more willing to drill for gas and to pay to build the pipeline.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7488}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12641", "question_text": "If innervation to the adrenal medulla were disrupted, what would be the physiological outcome?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9818}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26756", "question_text": "A client with osteoarthritis is prescribed indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The client has also been taking aspirin over the counter to assist with the pain. The nurse should monitor the client for which potential adverse effect?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8821}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01311", "question_text": "90,150,105", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7261}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15043", "question_text": "Loose-fitting white clothing covering most of the body is ideal for desert dwellers, both in the hot Sun and during cold evenings. Explain how such clothing is advantageous during both day and night. Figure14.31A jellabiya is worn by many men in Egypt. (credit: Zerida)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9426}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06372", "question_text": "Which of the following cases was NOT one of the Supreme Court\u2019s \u201csoftware- eligibility trilogy\u201d of cases?    A. _Gottschalk v. Benson_   B. _Williams & Wilkins v. United States_   C. _Parker v. Flook_   D. _Diamond v. Diehr_", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7521}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12214", "question_text": "Which of the following are found in compact bone and cancellous bone?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9914}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17253", "question_text": "Imagine that you have built a large room around the people inFigure 24.4and that this room is falling at exactly the same rate as they are. Galileo showed that if there is no air friction, light and heavy objects that are dropping due to gravity will fall at the same rate. Suppose that this were not true and that instead heavy objects fall faster. Also suppose that the man inFigure 24.4is twice as massive as the woman. What would happen? Would this violate the equivalence principle?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14978", "question_text": "Could capillary action be used to move fluids in a \u00e2\u0080\u009cweightless\u00e2\u0080\u009d environment, such as in an orbiting space probe?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14483", "question_text": "Why don\u00e2\u0080\u0099t hydrogen ions appear in equations for half-reactions occurring in basic solution?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12019", "question_text": "A scientist wants to study how the body uses foods and fluids during a marathon run. This scientist is most likely a(n) ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23835", "question_text": "Which of the following paradigms would consider movements such as Occupy Wall Street undesirable and unnecessarily forcing social change?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13520", "question_text": "The toxic pigment called white lead, Pb3(OH)2(CO3)2, has been replaced in white paints by rutile, TiO2. How much rutile (g) can be prepared from 379 g of an ore that contains 88.3% ilmenite (FeTiO3) by mass?2FeTiO3+4HCl+Cl2\u00e2\u009f\u00b62FeCl3+2TiO2+2H2O2FeTiO3+4HCl+Cl2\u00e2\u009f\u00b62FeCl3+2TiO2+2H2O", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9481}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05085", "question_text": "(a) What is the unknown \\text{emf}_{\\text{x}}{} in a potentiometer that balances when R_{\\text{x}}{} is \\text{10}\\text{.}0\\,\\Omega , and balances when R_{\\text{s}}{} is \\text{15}\\text{.}0\\,\\Omega for a standard 3.000-V emf? (b) The same \\text{emf}_{\\text{x}}{} is placed in the same potentiometer, which now balances when R_{\\text{s}}{} is \\text{15}\\text{.}0\\,\\Omega for a standard emf of 3.100 V. At what resistance R_{\\text{x}}{} will the potentiometer balance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12325", "question_text": "Which type of fibrous joint connects the tibia and fibula?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8078}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21185", "question_text": "If a person\u00e2\u0080\u0099s religious beliefs conflict with the law or lead to bias against other groups, should the government protect the exercise of those beliefs? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9954}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07740", "question_text": "A 75.0-kg person is riding in a car moving at 20.0 m/s when the car runs into a bridge abutment (see the following figure).    A. Calculate the average force on the person if he is stopped by a padded dashboard that compresses an average of 1.00 cm.   B. Calculate the average force on the person if he is stopped by an air bag that compresses an average of 15.0 cm.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22084", "question_text": "According to the actor-observer bias, we have more information about ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10604", "question_text": "Which of the following phrases best characterizes Herbert Hoover\u2019s foreign policy agenda?    A. interventionist, in terms of unwanted interference in other nations\u2019 affairs   B. militaristic, in terms of strengthening American armed forces   C. isolationist, in terms of preventing America\u2019s interaction with other nations   D. mutual respect, in terms of being available to support others when called upon, but not interfering unnecessarily in their affairs", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4928}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15151", "question_text": "Can different equipotential lines cross? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6863}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13537", "question_text": "Titration of a 20.0-mL sample of acid rain required 1.7 mL of 0.0811MNaOH to reach the end point. If we assume that the acidity of the rain is due to the presence of sulfuric acid, what was the concentration of sulfuric acid in this sample of rain?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9536}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10494", "question_text": "What did Peter Cooper envision for the United States, and how did he work to bring his vision to life?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5564}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21976", "question_text": "This physical trace of memory is known as the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9865}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24795", "question_text": "What is the main difference between act and rule utilitarianism?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23421", "question_text": "Who believed that the history of society was one of class struggle?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9201}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01638", "question_text": "-8 \\div 0.05", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9031}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04800", "question_text": "Following vigorous exercise, the body temperature of an 80.0-kg person is \\text{40}\\text{.}0\u00ba\\text{C} . At what rate in watts must the person transfer thermal energy to reduce the the body temperature to \\text{37}\\text{.}0\u00ba\\text{C} in 30.0 min, assuming the body continues to produce energy at the rate of 150 W? \\left( {\\text{1 watt = 1 joule/second or 1 W = 1 J/s}\\ } \\right) .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.505}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26331", "question_text": "What does the frequency column inTable 2.42sum to? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7193}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06540", "question_text": "How is heat transfer related to temperature?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9739}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25398", "question_text": "A not-for-profit business ________. is allowed to retain earnings for use within the organizationmust distribute profits to shareholdersmust turn over to the government any excess earningscan pay dividends to shareholders", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.745}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10595", "question_text": "Which amendment did Alice Paul promote to end gender discrimination?    A. Prohibition Amendment   B. Equal Rights Amendment   C. Sheppard-Towner Amendment   D. Free Exercise Amendment", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9701}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10862", "question_text": "Why does it take three turns of the Calvin cycle to produce G3P, the initial product of photosynthesis?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7889}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15148", "question_text": "Can the potential of a non-uniformly charged sphere be the same as that of a point charge? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.743}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05644", "question_text": "The power for normal close vision is 54.0 D. In a vision-correction procedure, the power of a patient\u2019s eye is increased by 3.00 D. Assuming that this produces normal close vision, what was the patient\u2019s near point before the procedure?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8854}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11874", "question_text": "Which organ has an endometrial lining that will support a developing baby?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9887}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13723", "question_text": "Correct the following statement: \u00e2\u0080\u009cThe bonds in solid PbCl2are ionic; the bond in a HCl molecule is covalent. Thus, all of the valence electrons in PbCl2are located on the Cl\u00e2\u0080\u0093ions, and all of the valence electrons in a HCl molecule are shared between the H and Cl atoms.\u00e2\u0080\u009d", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24286", "question_text": "According to treaties signed in 1818 and 1827, with which country did the United States jointly occupy Oregon? Great BritainSpainMexicoFrance", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18428", "question_text": "What is the maximum gift that a person can receive that is an exemption on federal income taxes?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8657}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16050", "question_text": "What are two reasonable outcomes of adding heat energy to an inflated balloon?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9053}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17848", "question_text": "A group of doctors is deciding whether or not to perform an operation. Suppose the null hypothesis,H0, is: the surgical procedure will go well. State the Type I and Type II errors in complete sentences.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4833}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23576", "question_text": "Recall the crime statistics presented in this section. Do they surprise you? Are these statistics represented accurately in the media? Why, or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8421}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27077", "question_text": "A client is taking prednisolone drops for uveitis. Which condition that can occur with prolonged use should the nurse warn the client about?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8427}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15589", "question_text": "You notice that the water level flowing in a stream near your house increases when it rains and the water turns brown. Which of these are the best hypothesis to explain why the water turns brown. Assume you have all of the means to test the contents of the stream water.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21539", "question_text": "Political socialization is __________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9366}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04692", "question_text": "The left side of the heart creates a pressure of 120 mm Hg by exerting a force directly on the blood over an effective area of {{\\text{15}\\text{.}0\\ \\text{cm}^{2}}.}{} What force does it exert to accomplish this?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09320", "question_text": "Which of these viruses is spread through mouse urine or feces?    A. Epstein-Barr   B. hantavirus   C. human immunodeficiency virus   D. cytomegalovirus", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8725}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08085", "question_text": "What is the wavelength of the waves you create in a swimming pool if you splash your hand at a rate of 2.00 Hz and the waves propagate at a wave speed of 0.800 m/s?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9639}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12367", "question_text": "Muscle that has a striped appearance is described as being ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09875", "question_text": "1,020 - 640", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7387}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18350", "question_text": "Solve the formulaA=(b1+b2)2hforh.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26200", "question_text": "LO8.4What is the main difference between a flexible budget and a master budget?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24660", "question_text": "Define three of the common cognitive biases identified in this chapter.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09745", "question_text": "True or false? All ethical standards are relative and should be treated as such.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01077", "question_text": "How has your attitude towards solving word problems changed as a result of working through this chapter? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16754", "question_text": "Explain why astronomers use the term \u00e2\u0080\u009cblueshifted\u00e2\u0080\u009d for objects moving toward us and \u00e2\u0080\u009credshifted\u00e2\u0080\u009d for objects moving away from us.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7028}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16890", "question_text": "Why is there so much more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Venus than in that of Earth? Why so much more carbon dioxide than on Mars?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9722}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10597", "question_text": "Who was the Republican presidential nominee for the 1920 election?    A. Calvin Coolidge   B. Woodrow Wilson   C. Warren Harding   D. James Cox", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12412", "question_text": "Which of the following statements is correct about what happens during flexion?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9768}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19566", "question_text": "List examples of web and native application frameworks.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01326", "question_text": "2x^{2} + 9x + 4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5356}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11493", "question_text": "Leaflets are a characteristic of ________ leaves.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9796}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23436", "question_text": "How do you think taking a sociology course might affect your social interactions?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04902", "question_text": "Two tuning forks having frequencies of 460 and 464 Hz are struck simultaneously. What average frequency will you hear, and what will the beat frequency be?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26787", "question_text": "What is the most common neurotransmitter of the autonomic nervous system?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20104", "question_text": "A university admissions office would like to use a multiple linear regression model with students\u00e2\u0080\u0099 high school GPA and scores on both the SAT and ACT (standardized tests) as input variables to predict whether the student would eventually graduate university if admitted. Assuming the following statements are all accurate, which statement would be a reason not to use multiple linear regression?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3533}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04901", "question_text": "A car has two horns, one emitting a frequency of 199 Hz and the other emitting a frequency of 203 Hz. What beat frequency do they produce?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03577", "question_text": "Why is SnCl 4 not classified as a salt?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7686}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22381", "question_text": "Sports equipment, open spaces, and playground structures should be available in early childhood to facilitate the development of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7564}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11654", "question_text": "Multiple sclerosis causes demyelination of axons in the brain and spinal cord. Why is this problematic?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16941", "question_text": "Ganymede and Callisto were the first icy objects to be studied from a geological point of view. Summarize the main differences between their geology and that of the rocky terrestrial planets.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22306", "question_text": "The left hemisphere is typically specialized for language production and perception. This is an example of _______.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8226}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07436", "question_text": "A powerful motorcycle can accelerate from rest to 26.8 m/s (100 km/h) in only 3.90 s. (a) What is its average acceleration? (b) Assuming constant acceleration, how far does it travel in that time?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8667}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06260", "question_text": "Misogyny is:    A. A certain kind if spa treatment   B. One\u2019s biological sex   C. How we know our gender roles   D. the hatred of or, aversion to, or prejudice against women", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13926", "question_text": "A 0.245-L flask contains 0.467 mol CO2at 159 \u00c2\u00b0C. Calculate the pressure: (a) using the ideal gas law (b) using the van der Waals equation (c) Explain the reason for the difference. (d) Identify which correction (that for P or V) is dominant and why.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27075", "question_text": "Which prostaglandin analogue does the nurse understand to be more effective in Black clients?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9862}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14837", "question_text": "An old carpenter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s trick to keep nails from bending when they are pounded into hard materials is to grip the center of the nail firmly with pliers. Why does this help?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03555", "question_text": "Complete and balance the following chemical equations: (a) hardening of plaster containing slaked lime   \\text{Ca}{(\\text{OH})}_{2} + \\text{CO}_{2}\\ \\longrightarrow (b) removal of sulfur dioxide from the flue gas of power plants   \\text{CaO} + \\text{SO}_{2}\\ \\longrightarrow (c) the reaction of baking powder that produces carbon dioxide gas and causes bread to rise   \\text{NaHCO}_{3} + \\text{NaH}_{2}\\text{PO}_{4}\\ \\longrightarrow", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.373}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26578", "question_text": "Assessing a client\u00e2\u0080\u0099s readiness to learn about nutrition-related hematologic illness, utilizing a holistic approach, should include all of the following except:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20411", "question_text": "Suppose demand for a monopoly\u00e2\u0080\u0099s product falls so that its profit-maximizing price is below average variable cost. How much output should the firm supply?Hint: Draw the graph.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9049}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26752", "question_text": "A client with rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed a biologic drug to manage the inflammatory condition. Before administering the biologic drug, which of the following is a priority for the nurse to assess to ensure the client\u00e2\u0080\u0099s health and safety?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9409}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19893", "question_text": "In complying with global frameworks such as GDPR, what does the termtransparencyprimarily refer to?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9902}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01146", "question_text": "A mountain road rises 50 feet for a 500-foot run. What is its slope?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9858}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05738", "question_text": "(a) How wide is a single slit that produces its first minimum for 633-nm light at an angle of 28.0\\text{\u00b0} ? (b) At what angle will the second minimum be?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16205", "question_text": "Given that the sound intensity level of a particular wave is82dB, what will be the sound intensity for that wave?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9892}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04573", "question_text": "Suppose a 350-g kookaburra (a large kingfisher bird) picks up a 75-g snake and raises it 2.5 m from the ground to a branch. (a) How much work did the bird do on the snake? (b) How much work did it do to raise its own center of mass to the branch?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01695", "question_text": "\\frac{3}{4}x - \\frac{2}{3} = \\frac{1}{2}x + \\frac{5}{6}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6881}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25219", "question_text": "When an entrepreneur\u00e2\u0080\u0099s story becomes part of the mythology of a corporation and its purpose, this is known as a/an ________. mission statementvision statementpurpose statementcorporate narrative", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9173}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06143", "question_text": "Assuming conservation of momentum, what is the energy of each \\gamma ray produced in the decay of a neutral pion at rest, in the reaction \\pi^{0}\\rightarrow\\gamma + \\gamma ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9737}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03866", "question_text": "Do countries with a higher percentage of unionized workers usually have less growth in productivity because of strikes and other disruptions caused by the unions? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8808}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16797", "question_text": "Explain our ideas about why the terrestrial planets are rocky and have less gas than the giant planets.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9859}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20242", "question_text": "How do you suppose the demographics of an aging population of \u00e2\u0080\u009cBaby Boomers\u00e2\u0080\u009d in the United States will affect the demand for milk? Justify your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21635", "question_text": "This characteristic of a bureaucracy suggests that all job positions should be explicitly defined and labor be divided.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9824}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02582", "question_text": "\\csc^{2}t = 3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4849}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04494", "question_text": "The weight of an astronaut plus their space suit on the Moon is only 250 N. How much do they weigh on Earth? What is the mass on the Moon? On Earth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9443}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15620", "question_text": "How is a physical model, such as a spherical mass held in place by springs, used to represent an atom vibrating in a solid, similar to a computer-based model, such as that predicting how gravity affects the orbits of the planets?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9597}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18403", "question_text": "How much must be deposited quarterly in a mutual fund that is expected to earn 11.2% interest compounded quarterly if the account is to be worth $1,000,000 after 38 years?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5928}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09449", "question_text": "[LO 1.3](1-3-explain-the-primary-roles-and-skills-required-of-managerial- accountants) Other than accounting skills, what six qualities must be prevalent in a managerial accountant?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9903}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07756", "question_text": "A 200-kg rocket in deep space moves with a velocity of \\left( {121\\ \\text{m/s}} \\right)\\mathbf{\\hat{i}} + \\left( {38.0\\ \\text{m/s}} \\right)\\mathbf{\\hat{j}} . Suddenly, it explodes into three pieces, with the first (78 kg) moving at \\text{\u2212}\\left( {321\\ \\text{m/s}} \\right)\\mathbf{\\hat{i}} + \\left( {228\\ \\text{m/s}} \\right)\\mathbf{\\hat{j}} and the second (56 kg) moving at \\left( {16.0\\ \\text{m/s}} \\right)\\mathbf{\\hat{i}} - \\left( {88.0\\ \\text{m/s}} \\right)\\mathbf{\\hat{j}} . Find the velocity of the third piece.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9792}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20549", "question_text": "How is the poverty rate calculated?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9294}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08122", "question_text": "A string is fixed at both ends to supports 3.50 m apart and has a linear mass density of \\mu = 0.005\\ \\text{kg/m}. The string is under a tension of 90.00 N. A standing wave is produced on the string with six nodes and five antinodes. What are the wave speed, wavelength, frequency, and period of the standing wave?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8203}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04889", "question_text": "The length of nylon rope from which a mountain climber is suspended has a force constant of 1.40 \\times 10^{4}\\text{N/m} (a) What is the frequency at which he bounces, given his mass plus and the mass of his equipment are 90.0 kg? Ignore the change in gravitational potential energy after the cord begins to stretch. (b) How much would this rope stretch to break the climber\u2019s fall if he free-falls 2.00 m before the rope runs out of slack? Hint: Use conservation of energy.(c) Repeat both parts of this problem in the situation where twice this length of nylon rope is used.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22448", "question_text": "During middle childhood, in a single year children grow an average of", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05881", "question_text": "Find the momentum and energy of a 1.0-\u00c5 photon.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25687", "question_text": "LO1.3Assume you are considering opening a retail business. You are trying to decide whether to have a traditional \u00e2\u0080\u009cbrick-and-mortar\u00e2\u0080\u009d store or to sell only online. Explain how the activities and costs differ between these two retail arrangements.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9037}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19304", "question_text": "Do you need to know how to assemble hardware and draw schematics to implement firmware for embedded systems?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9849}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07694", "question_text": "A camera weighing 10 N falls from a small drone hovering 20\\ \\text{m} overhead and enters free fall. What is the gravitational potential energy change of the camera from the drone to the ground if you take a reference point of (a) the ground being zero gravitational potential energy? (b) The drone being zero gravitational potential energy? What is the gravitational potential energy of the camera (c) before it falls from the drone and (d) after the camera lands on the ground if the reference point of zero gravitational potential energy is taken to be a second person looking out of a building 30\\ \\text{m} from the ground?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04255", "question_text": "[LO 9.2](9-2-account-for-uncollectible-accounts-using-the-balance-sheet-and- income-statement-approaches) Which method delays recognition of bad debt until the specific customer accounts receivable is identified?    A. income statement method   B. balance sheet method   C. direct write-off method   D. allowance method", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9949}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21554", "question_text": "Civil rights changes like the recognition of same-sex marriage often require changes in a country\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9902}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13800", "question_text": "A friend tells you N2has three \u00cf\u0080 bonds due to overlap of the threep-orbitals on each N atom. Do you agree?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09448", "question_text": "[LO 1.2](1-2-distinguish-between-financial-and-managerial-accounting) Who are the primary users of the information gathered by managerial accountants?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9884}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17076", "question_text": "Describe what a typical star in the Galaxy would be like compared to the Sun.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16584", "question_text": "What is the name of the device used by scientists to check for proton decay?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13478", "question_text": "From the balanced molecular equations, write the complete ionic and net ionic equations for the following: (a)K2C2O4(aq)+Ba(OH)2(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62KOH(aq)+BaC2O4(s)K2C2O4(aq)+Ba(OH)2(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62KOH(aq)+BaC2O4(s) (b)Pb(NO3)2(aq)+H2SO4(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6PbSO4(s)+2HNO3(aq)Pb(NO3)2(aq)+H2SO4(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6PbSO4(s)+2HNO3(aq) (c)CaCO3(s)+H2SO4(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CaSO4(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)CaCO3(s)+H2SO4(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CaSO4(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8456}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26367", "question_text": "FindP(Z\u00e2\u0088\u00a9S)P(Z\u00e2\u0088\u00a9S).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9938}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23155", "question_text": "Which of the following best describes bipotential gonads?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8162}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01567", "question_text": "y = x^{2} + 8x - 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6526}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22797", "question_text": "How do the disengagement theory and the activity theory differ in their explanations of social aging?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21251", "question_text": "Which of the following is an example of episodic framing?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10149", "question_text": "\\text{48\\%}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9034}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26498", "question_text": "The nurse is helping an adult, English-speaking client understand a newly prescribed diet. What is the best approach when selecting appropriate educational materials for the client?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12430", "question_text": "Which muscle extends the forearm?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9109}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16482", "question_text": "A perfect blackbody is a perfect absorber of energy transferred by what method?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9814}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09122", "question_text": "Cytotoxic T cells will bind with their TCR to which of the following?    A. antigens presented with MHC I molecules   B. antigens presented with MHC II molecules   C. free antigen in a soluble form   D. haptens only", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03961", "question_text": "Explain briefly whether each of the following would be more likely to lead to a higher level of trade for an economy, or a greater imbalance of trade for an economy.    A. Living in an especially large country   B. Having a domestic investment rate much higher than the domestic savings rate   C. Having many other large economies geographically nearby   D. Having an especially large budget deficit   E. Having countries with a tradition of strong protectionist legislation shutting out imports", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9068}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25202", "question_text": "What are the steps in human-centered design thinking? Briefly describe each.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17623", "question_text": "Draw the graph of the distribution forP(x> 9).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9877}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23909", "question_text": "What led to the creation of the exurbs?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9726}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12368", "question_text": "Which element is important in directly triggering contraction?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9106}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04570", "question_text": "A car\u2019s bumper is designed to withstand a 4.0-km/h (1.12-m/s) collision with an immovable object without damage to the body of the car. The bumper cushions the shock by absorbing the force over a distance. Calculate the magnitude of the average force on a bumper that collapses 0.200 m while bringing a 900-kg car to rest from an initial speed of 1.12 m/s.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23334", "question_text": "Blocking the cytokine response to illness will most likely:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12290", "question_text": "Which feature lies between the spine and superior border of the scapula?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23729", "question_text": "Which assertion about aging in men would be made by a sociologist following the functionalist perspective?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9601}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11867", "question_text": "External fertilization occurs in which type of environment?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9896}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03487", "question_text": "Given:   \\text{P}_{4}(s) + \\text{5O}_{2}(g)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{P}_{4}{}\\text{O}_{10}(s)\\mspace{90mu}\\text{\u0394}G\\text{\u00b0} = \\text{\u22122697.0 kJ/mol}   \\text{2H}_{2}(g) + \\text{O}_{2}(g)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{2H}_{2}\\text{O}(g)\\mspace{90mu}\\text{\u0394}G\\text{\u00b0} = \\text{\u2212457.18 kJ/mol}   \\text{6H}_{2}\\text{O}(g) + \\text{P}_{4}{}\\text{O}_{10}(s)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{4H}_{3}{}\\text{PO}_{4}(l)\\mspace{90mu}\\text{\u0394}G\\text{\u00b0} = \\text{\u2212428.66 kJ/mol} (a) Determine the standard free energy of formation, \\text{\u0394}G_{\\text{f}}^{{^\\circ}}, for phosphoric acid. (b) How does your calculated result compare to the value in [Appendix G](g-standard- thermodynamic-properties-for-selected-substances) ? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05729", "question_text": "As the width of the slit producing a single-slit diffraction pattern is reduced, how will the diffraction pattern produced change?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9742}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05107", "question_text": "A large water main is 2.50 m in diameter and the average water velocity is 6.00 m/s. Find the Hall voltage produced if the pipe runs perpendicular to the Earth\u2019s 5\\text{.}{\\text{00} \\times \\text{10}^{- 5}}\\text{-T} field.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18397", "question_text": "Why is investing in a stock riskier than in a mutual fund?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9941}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15993", "question_text": "In which two phases of matter do atoms and molecules have the most distance between them?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9886}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27065", "question_text": "A male client is on finasteride therapy. He has a teenage daughter who lives with him. Which statement by the client indicates a need for more teaching?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9561}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13936", "question_text": "The melting point of H2O(s) is 0 \u00c2\u00b0C. Would you expect the melting point of H2S(s) to be \u00e2\u0088\u009285 \u00c2\u00b0C, 0 \u00c2\u00b0C, or 185 \u00c2\u00b0C? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.644}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18077", "question_text": "A ______________ is a well-defined collection of distinct objects.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9684}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05524", "question_text": "Because of energy loss due to synchrotron radiation in the LHC at CERN, only 5.00 MeV is added to the energy of each proton during each revolution around the main ring. How many revolutions are needed to produce 7.00-TeV (7000 GeV) protons, if they are injected with an initial energy of 8.00 GeV?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19627", "question_text": "What is object-relational mapping?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3863}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14391", "question_text": "Boric acid, H3BO3, is not a Br\u00c3\u00b8nsted-Lowry acid but a Lewis acid.  (Hint: See the equation inExercise 15.76) (a) Write an equation for its reaction with water. (b) Predict the shape of the anion thus formed. (c) What is the hybridization on the boron, and is it consistent with the shape you have predicted?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9945}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05283", "question_text": "How many lines per centimeter are there on a diffraction grating that gives a first-order maximum for 470-nm blue light at an angle of \\text{25}\\text{.}0\u00ba ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6181}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26851", "question_text": "Which of the following cardiac chambers pumps blood to the pulmonary artery and thus is prone to failure in clients with pulmonary arterial hypertension?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9273}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01728", "question_text": "Graph the linear inequality y \\leq - \\frac{1}{4}x + 3.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7105}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15861", "question_text": "The Cavendish experiment marked a milestone in the study of gravity.Part A. What important value did the experiment determine?Part B. Why was this so difficult in terms of the masses used in the apparatus and the strength of the gravitational force?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7317}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09243", "question_text": "Which of these viruses is responsible for causing shingles?    A. rubella virus   B. measles virus   C. varicella-zoster virus   D. variola major virus", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7744}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22816", "question_text": "In 2019, the most common cause of death worldwide was", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7588}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08403", "question_text": "Determine whether the following algebraic equation can be written as a linear function. 2x\\mspace{9mu} + \\mspace{9mu} 3y = 7", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9888}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06915", "question_text": "Elaborate on the way in which the polar character of water molecules helps to explain water\u2019s relatively large dielectric constant.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19502", "question_text": "What are the disciplines of Unified Process?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9897}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24481", "question_text": "Which of the following wasnota destabilizing factor immediately following the end of the war? a flu pandemica women\u00e2\u0080\u0099s liberation movementhigh inflation and economic uncertaintypolitical paranoia", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.64}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14349", "question_text": "What [F\u00e2\u0080\u0093] is required to reduce [Ca2+] to 1.0\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0080\u00934Mby precipitation of CaF2?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9826}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24137", "question_text": "What is meant by the Columbian Exchange? Who was affected the most by the exchange?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7036}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13807", "question_text": "Sulfuric acid is manufactured by a series of reactions represented by the following equations:S8(s)+8O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b68SO2(g)S8(s)+8O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b68SO2(g)2SO2(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62SO3(g)2SO2(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62SO3(g)SO3(g)+H2O(l)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H2SO4(l)SO3(g)+H2O(l)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H2SO4(l) Draw a Lewis structure, predict the molecular geometry by VSEPR, and determine the hybridization of sulfur for the following: (a) circular S8molecule (b) SO2molecule (c) SO3molecule (d) H2SO4molecule (the hydrogen atoms are bonded to oxygen atoms)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9844}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13488", "question_text": "Complete and balance the following acid-base equations: (a) A solution of HClO4is added to a solution of LiOH. (b) Aqueous H2SO4reacts with NaOH. (c) Ba(OH)2reacts with HF gas.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3705}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22679", "question_text": "Why is wisdom more likely to occur in older age?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08829", "question_text": "The types of pigment molecules found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria are ________ and ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4305}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05278", "question_text": "Find the largest wavelength of light falling on double slits separated by 1\\text{.}\\text{20}\\ \\text{\u03bcm} for which there is a first-order maximum. Is this in the visible part of the spectrum?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07109", "question_text": "The magnitude of the magnetic field 50 cm from a long, thin, straight wire is 8.0\\ \\text{\u03bcT}. What is the current through the long wire?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8305}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03473", "question_text": "In [Figure 16.8](16-2-entropy) all of the possible distributions and microstates are shown for four different particles shared between two boxes. Determine the entropy change, \u0394 _S_ , for the system when it is converted from distribution (b) to distribution (d).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23365", "question_text": "In the experiment with Pavlov\u00e2\u0080\u0099s dog, the conditioned stimulus is", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9886}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03457", "question_text": "In a titration of cyanide ion, 28.72 mL of 0.0100 _M_ AgNO 3 is added before precipitation begins. [The reaction of Ag + with CN \u2013 goes to completion, producing the \\text{Ag}{(\\text{CN})}_{2}{}^{\\text{\u2212}} complex.] Precipitation of solid AgCN takes place when excess Ag + is added to the solution, above the amount needed to complete the formation of \\text{Ag}{(\\text{CN})}_{2}{}^{\\text{\u2212}}. How many grams of NaCN were in the original sample?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9333}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19256", "question_text": "Why is a 1-element list the best-case situation for sequential search?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9447}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09707", "question_text": "The \u201cveil of ignorance\u201d ensures which of the following?    A. mass delusion   B. objectivity   C. self-reliance   D. Enlightenment reason", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9619}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24988", "question_text": "The 14th Amendment is a part of the Bill of Rights.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5311}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15431", "question_text": "Explain how Bohr\u00e2\u0080\u0099s rule for the quantization of electron orbital angular momentum differs from the actual rule.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7092}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08219", "question_text": "Which statement about federal and unitary systems is most accurate?    A. In a federal system, power is concentrated in the states; in a unitary system, it is concentrated in the national government.   B. In a federal system, the constitution allocates powers between states and federal government; in a unitary system, powers are lodged in the national government.   C. Today there are more countries with federal systems than with unitary systems.   D. The United States and Japan have federal systems, while Great Britain and Canada have unitary systems.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8167}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23850", "question_text": "In which sector of an economy would someone working as a software developer be?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9595}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04881", "question_text": "A 90.0-kg skydiver hanging from a parachute bounces up and down with a period of 1.50 s. What is the new period of oscillation when a second skydiver, whose mass is 60.0 kg, hangs from the legs of the first, as seen in [Figure 16.43](16-problems-exercises#import-auto-id1282324) .  Figure 16.43 The oscillations of one skydiver are about to be affected by a second skydiver. (credit: U.S. Army, www.army.mil)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8227}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20335", "question_text": "What is the difference between economies of scale, constant returns to scale, and diseconomies of scale?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22434", "question_text": "What happens in the stage of ethnic knowledge? What types of knowledge are taught, obtained, and understood?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16499", "question_text": "Because there are more gradations to high frequency radiation than low frequency radiation, scientists also thought it possible that a curve titled theultraviolet catastrophewould occur. Explain what the blackbody radiation curve would look like if this were the case.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5623}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09194", "question_text": "If we used normal mouse mAbs to treat human disease, multiple doses would cause the patient to respond with ________ against the mouse antibodies.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5321}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20167", "question_text": "In what ways can sensitivity analysis enhance the understanding and robustness of a data science model?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9929}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26583", "question_text": "Which of the following statements by a parent can indicate that their child is at an increased risk for vitamin D deficiency?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9744}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16501", "question_text": "How many 500-mm microwave photons are needed to supply the 8 kJ of energy necessary to heat a cup of water by 10 degrees Celsius?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24901", "question_text": "What Amendment was at the center of theCitizens Unitedcase? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7923}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13136", "question_text": "Which part of the Calvin cycle would be affected if a cell could not produce the enzyme RuBisCO?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7388}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22795", "question_text": "Describe how the \u00e2\u0080\u009cBig Five\u00e2\u0080\u009d personality traits change with age.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17333", "question_text": "Suppose a galaxy formed stars for a few million years and then stopped (and no other galaxy merged or collided with it). What would be the most massive stars on the main sequence after 500 million years? After 10 billion years? How would the color of the galaxy change over this time span? (Refer toEvolution from the Main Sequence to Red Giants.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9808}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26742", "question_text": "The nurse is caring for a client with fluid volume excess. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate for this client?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7348}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15451", "question_text": "Suppose the range for5.0\u00a0MeV\u00ce\u00b15.0\u00a0MeV\u00ce\u00b1ray is known to be 2.0 mm in a certain material. Does this mean that every5.0\u00a0MeV\u00ce\u00b15.0\u00a0MeV\u00ce\u00b1a ray that strikes this material travels 2.0 mm, or does the range have an average value with some statistical fluctuations in the distances traveled? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19034", "question_text": "\u00cf\u00812(sin2(\u00cf\u0086)\u00e2\u0088\u0092cos2(\u00cf\u0086))=1\u00cf\u00812(sin2(\u00cf\u0086)\u00e2\u0088\u0092cos2(\u00cf\u0086))=1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5523}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03727", "question_text": "a_{n} = \\frac{\\text{ln}\\left( {\\text{cos}\\mspace{2mu} n} \\right)}{n}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25017", "question_text": "Courts of equity will not grant specific performance of contracts:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9887}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08654", "question_text": "Which type of cytoskeletal fiber is important in the formation of the nuclear lamina?    A. microfilaments   B. intermediate filaments   C. microtubules   D. fibronectin", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8544}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17400", "question_text": "A market researcher polls every tenth person who walks into a store.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09956", "question_text": "15 less than y is 32.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9806}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20051", "question_text": "What type of intellectual property protection is best suited for a company logo?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.432}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09418", "question_text": "Find the linear approximation L(x) to y = x^{2} + \\text{tan}\\left( {\\pi x} \\right) near x = \\frac{1}{4}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04006", "question_text": "Suppose Argentina gets inflation under control and the Argentine inflation rate decreases substantially. What would likely happen to the demand for Argentine pesos, the supply of Argentine pesos, and the peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8814}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07379", "question_text": "In an attempt to escape a desert island, a castaway builds a raft and sets out to sea. The wind shifts a great deal during the day and he is blown along the following directions: 2.50 km and 45.0\\text{\u00b0} north of west, then 4.70 km and 60.0\\text{\u00b0} south of east, then 1.30 km and 25.0\\text{\u00b0} south of west, then 5.10 km straight east, then 1.70 km and 5.00\\text{\u00b0} east of north, then 7.20 km and 55.0\\text{\u00b0} south of west, and finally 2.80 km and 10.0\\text{\u00b0} north of east. Use a graphical method to find the castaway\u2019s final position relative to the island.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9125}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02912", "question_text": "What volume of a 0.33- _M_ C 12 H 22 O 11 solution can be diluted to prepare 25 mL of a solution with a concentration of 0.025 _M_ ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20516", "question_text": "Why do employers have a natural advantage in bargaining with employees?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9225}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10537", "question_text": "What was Lincoln\u2019s primary goal immediately following the Civil War?    A. punishing the rebel states   B. improving the lives of formerly enslaved people   C. reunifying the country   D. paying off the debts of the war", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9888}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18150", "question_text": "Plot the following on the same number line:1,5,\u00e2\u0088\u00922,0.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26064", "question_text": "LO1.4How can having a bonus system based purely on sales goals create an environment that encourages unethical behavior?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26922", "question_text": "A 60-year-old client with a 35-year history of smoking two packs of cigarettes a day reports a chronic cough and thick sputum. Based on these assessment findings, the nurse suspects the client has which condition?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14484", "question_text": "Why must the charge balance in oxidation-reduction reactions?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5043}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11944", "question_text": "A symbiotic relationship where both of the coexisting species benefit from the interaction is called ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9889}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17694", "question_text": "About what percent ofxvalues lie between the first and second standard deviations from the mean (both sides)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25661", "question_text": "Describe the order of claimants and how it impacts the returns that various providers of capital require to entice them to provide funding to a company.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.741}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16053", "question_text": "Why does entropy increase during a spontaneous process?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9706}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03083", "question_text": "Draw all possible resonance structures for each of these compounds. Determine the formal charge on each atom in each of the resonance structures: (a) O 3 (b) SO 2 (c) \\text{NO}_{2}{}^{\\text{\u2212}} (d) \\text{NO}_{3}{}^{\\text{\u2212}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9899}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18752", "question_text": "sec2x\u00e2\u0088\u00922secx+1=0sec2x\u00e2\u0088\u00922secx+1=0", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4823}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19147", "question_text": "Ifyyandzzare both solutions toy\u00e2\u0080\u00b3+2y\u00e2\u0080\u00b2+y=0,y\u00e2\u0080\u00b3+2y\u00e2\u0080\u00b2+y=0,theny+zy+zis also a solution.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8337}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04195", "question_text": "[LO 6.1](6-1-compare-and-contrast-merchandising-versus-service-activities-and- transactions) What is the difference between a sales return and a sales allowance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20170", "question_text": "How can a technical writer effectively balance technical detail and accessibility in an executive summary for a data science report?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9339}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17644", "question_text": "FindP(x> 6).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.889}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12635", "question_text": "Name the target tissues for prolactin.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24393", "question_text": "What differentiated a \u00e2\u0080\u009crobber baron\u00e2\u0080\u009d from other \u00e2\u0080\u009ccaptains of industry\u00e2\u0080\u009d in late nineteenth-century America?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11831", "question_text": "Explain two different excretory systems other than the kidneys.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26927", "question_text": "A client at a health fair asks the nurse how they can reduce their risk of COPD. What lifestyle change can the nurse recommend?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7535}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15735", "question_text": "What is the weight of a 5-kg object on Earth and on the moon?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7275}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00966", "question_text": "\\frac{1}{3}\\left( {15n - 6} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5815}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20189", "question_text": "Suppose, as an economist, you are asked to analyze an issue unlike anything you have ever done before. Also, suppose you do not have a specific model for analyzing that issue. What should you do?Hint:What would a carpenter do in a similar situation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.569}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13335", "question_text": "Use scientific (exponential) notation to express the following quantities in terms of the SI base units inTable 1.2: (a) 0.13 g (b) 232 Gg (c) 5.23 pm (d) 86.3 mg (e) 37.6 cm (f) 54 \u00ce\u00bcm (g) 1 Ts (h) 27 ps (i) 0.15 mK", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11103", "question_text": "Changes in epigenetic modifications alter the accessibility and transcription of DNA. Describe how environmental stimuli, such as ultraviolet light exposure, could modify gene expression.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21807", "question_text": "A(n) ________ is a sudden, permanent change in a sequence of DNA.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9631}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07230", "question_text": "A 25.0-H inductor has 100 A of current turned off in 1.00 ms. (a) What voltage is induced to oppose this? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumption or premise is responsible?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9549}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09039", "question_text": "A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease?    A. contagious   B. iatrogenic   C. acute   D. nosocomial", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18624", "question_text": "Find the length of sidebin the given figure.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09246", "question_text": "Which of the following is caused by infections by bread molds?    A. mucormycosis   B. coccidioidomycosis   C. cryptococcosis   D. _Pneumocystis_ pneumonia", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9083}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04035", "question_text": "Why have many education experts recently placed an emphasis on altering the incentives that U.S. schools face rather than on increasing their budgets? Without endorsing any of these proposals as especially good or bad, list some of the ways in which incentives for schools might be altered.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08870", "question_text": "_Staphylococcus aureus_ can be grown on multipurpose growth medium or on mannitol salt agar that contains 7.5% NaCl. The bacterium is ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9159}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08894", "question_text": "The A-T base pair has more hydrogen bonding than the C-G base pair.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9896}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20955", "question_text": "Give some examples of changes in federal spending and taxes by the government that would be fiscal policy and some that would not.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7217}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15122", "question_text": "Why must the test chargeqqin the definition of the electric field be vanishingly small?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04824", "question_text": "At what net rate does heat radiate from a \\text{275}\\text{-m}^{2} black roof on a night when the roof\u2019s temperature is \\text{30.}0\u00ba\\text{C} and the surrounding temperature is \\text{15.}0\u00ba\\text{C} ? The emissivity of the roof is 0.900.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8165}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25450", "question_text": "The law of small numbers refers to: an inability to attract a large target marketa target market that is too small to lead to successa target market that aligns with key stakeholdersboth a and b", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12651", "question_text": "Distinguish between the effects of menopause and andropause on fertility.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06431", "question_text": "In general, early European copyright systems achieved what results?    A. Created monopolies, high prices, censorship, and wealth for the Crown.   B. Guaranteed authors\u2019 rights.   C. Prevented publishers and printers from exploiting authors and artists.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5656}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22993", "question_text": "What is retinoic acid?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4884}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11678", "question_text": "All sensory signals except _____ travel to the _____ in the brain before the cerebral cortex.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9923}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20978", "question_text": "How will cuts in state budget spending affect federal expansionary policy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8272}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10374", "question_text": "(3x + 1)(2x - 7)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4213}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26671", "question_text": "During an assessment, the nurse notes the client has tenting. What does this indicate?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22486", "question_text": "Analyze the benefits and challenges of multilingualism in middle childhood. How does being multilingual influence cognitive development, social interactions, and academic performance? Discuss the role of schools in supporting multilingual children.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06053", "question_text": "What is the main difference between an insulator and a semiconductor?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8095}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08986", "question_text": "Bleach is an example of which group of chemicals used for disinfection?    A. heavy metals   B. halogens   C. quats   D. bisbiguanides", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5069}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18653", "question_text": "In a Borda count election, the candidates have the following Borda scores: A 1345, B 1260, C 685.  Candidate B received 51% of the first-place rankings.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5389}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01122", "question_text": "The measure of one angle of a triangle is twice the measure of the smallest angle. The measure of the third angle is 14 more than the measure of the smallest angle. Find the measures of all three angles.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9943}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26027", "question_text": "LO15.1While sole proprietorships and corporations are the most popular forms of business organization, the limited liability company (LLC) is a close third. Limited liability companies are treated like partnerships in the majority of situations. Why do you think LLCs are gaining in popularity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9143}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10716", "question_text": "Aquaporins are proteins embedded in the plasma membrane that allow water molecules to move between the extracellular matrix and the intracellular space. Based on its function and location, describe the key features of the protein\u00e2\u0080\u0099s shape and the chemical characteristics of its amino acids.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20423", "question_text": "Would you rather have efficiency or variety? That is, one opportunity cost of the variety of products we have is that each product costs more per unit than if there were only one kind of product of a given type, like shoes. Perhaps a better question is, \u00e2\u0080\u009cWhat is the right amount of variety? Can there be too many varieties of shoes, for example?\u00e2\u0080\u009d", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8627}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13023", "question_text": "Describe the control of blood carbonic acid levels through the respiratory system.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07373", "question_text": "If one of the two components of a vector is not zero, can the magnitude of the other vector component of this vector be zero?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17066", "question_text": "Would a red star have a smaller or larger magnitude in a red filter than in a blue filter?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8925}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24573", "question_text": "________ was Johnson\u00e2\u0080\u0099s program to provide federal funding for healthcare for the poor. MedicareSocial SecurityMedicaidAFDC", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9814}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21810", "question_text": "Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9849}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24591", "question_text": "What caused the rifts in the Democratic Party in the 1968 election?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6328}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17100", "question_text": "Figure 18.7shows the velocity of two stars in a spectroscopic binary system. Which star is the most massive? Explain your reasoning.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7574}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06860", "question_text": "What is the relationship between voltage and energy? More precisely, what is the relationship between potential difference and electric potential energy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6751}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17147", "question_text": "Describe the spectrum of each of the following: starlight reflected by dust,a star behind invisible interstellar gas, andan emission nebula.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25508", "question_text": "Ethical considerations of new product development include avoiding violations of patents, trademarks, and/or copyrights. How can marketing and R&D departments work to make sure that they do not violate these standing rights?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13781", "question_text": "The molecule XCl2has a dipole moment. Is X beryllium or sulfur?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5306}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09003", "question_text": "A scientist discovers that a soil bacterium he has been studying produces an antimicrobial that kills gram-negative bacteria. She isolates and purifies the antimicrobial compound, then chemically converts a chemical side chain to a hydroxyl group. When she tests the antimicrobial properties of this new version, she finds that this antimicrobial drug can now also kill gram- positive bacteria. The new antimicrobial drug with broad-spectrum activity is considered to be which of the following?    A. resistant   B. semisynthetic   C. synthetic   D. natural", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20350", "question_text": "Based on your answers to the WipeOut Ski Company inExercise 7.3, now imagine a situation where the firm produces a quantity of 5 units that it sells for a price of $25 each.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15991", "question_text": "A glass of water has a temperature of 31 degrees Celsius. What state of matter is it in?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9563}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08907", "question_text": "Which of the following is not involved in the initiation of replication?    A. ligase   B. DNA gyrase   C. single-stranded binding protein   D. primase", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16792", "question_text": "Venus rotates backward and Uranus and Pluto spin about an axis tipped nearly on its side. Based on what you learned about the motion of small bodies in the solar system and the surfaces of the planets, what might be the cause of these strange rotations?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15613", "question_text": "Describe what two topics physicists are trying to unify with relativistic quantum mechanics. How will this unification create a greater understanding of our universe?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13643", "question_text": "Using the Bohr model, determine the energy, in joules, necessary to ionize a ground-state hydrogen atom. Show your calculations.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14574", "question_text": "Draw the Lewis structures and describe the geometry for the following: (a)PF4+PF4+ (b) PF5 (c)PF6\u00e2\u0088\u0092PF6\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (d) POF3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9755}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24798", "question_text": "Why does Kant distinguish between categorical imperatives and hypothetical imperatives?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10498", "question_text": "The election of 1828 brought in the first presidency of which political party?    A. the Democrats   B. the Democratic-Republicans   C. the Republicans   D. the Bucktails", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9163}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11735", "question_text": "The pectoral girdle consists of the:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.887}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05100", "question_text": "(a) A cosmic ray proton moving toward the Earth at {\\text{5.00} \\times \\text{10}^{7}}\\ \\text{m/s} experiences a magnetic force of 1\\text{.}{\\text{70} \\times \\text{10}^{- \\text{16}}}\\ \\text{N} . What is the strength of the magnetic field if there is a \\text{45\u00ba}{} angle between it and the proton\u2019s velocity? (b) Is the value obtained in part (a) consistent with the known strength of the Earth\u2019s magnetic field on its surface? Discuss.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6152}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08882", "question_text": "During denaturation of DNA, which of the following happens?    A. Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases break.   B. Phosphodiester bonds break within the sugar-phosphate backbone.   C. Hydrogen bonds within the sugar-phosphate backbone break.   D. Phosphodiester bonds between complementary bases break.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9175}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05534", "question_text": "Is the decay \\mu^{-}\\rightarrow{{e^{-} + \\nu_{e}} + \\nu_{\\mu}} possible considering the appropriate conservation laws? State why or why not.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9949}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01179", "question_text": "y \\leq -5x", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.89}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04803", "question_text": "On a trip, you notice that a 3.50-kg bag of ice lasts an average of one day in your cooler. What is the average power in watts entering the ice if it starts at 0\u00ba\\text{C} and completely melts to 0\u00ba\\text{C} water in exactly one day \\text{1~watt~=~1~joule/second}\\ \\operatorname{~(}\\text{1~W~=~1~J/s}) ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9943}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10356", "question_text": "(4a^{2} + 9a - 11) + (6a^{2} - 5a + 10)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.784}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01767", "question_text": "A scientist needs 70 liters of a 40% solution of alcohol. He has a 30% and a 60% solution available. How many liters of the 30% and how many liters of the 60% solutions should he mix to make the 40% solution?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6422}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10818", "question_text": "What compound receives electrons from NADH?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8361}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16083", "question_text": "Ten joules are transferred by heat into a system, followed by another20J. What is the change in the system\u00e2\u0080\u0099s internal energy? What would be the difference in this change if30Jof energy were added by heat to the system at once?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9279}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09599", "question_text": "[LO 9.2](9-2-describe-how-decision-making-differs-between-centralized-and- decentralized-environments) Use [Netflix\u2019s 2017 annual report](https://openstax.org/l/50Netflix2017) to answer the following questions. How many segments does Netflix have? What are the segments? The annual report also shows selected nonfinancial and financial information for each segment. Prepare a brief presentation listing the \u201cPaid memberships at end of period,\u201d \u201cRevenues,\u201d and \u201cContribution profit\u201d (also called _operating profit_ ) for the three most recent years (2017, 2016, and 2015). In the presentation, include any observations you notice about the trends of each segment.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9865}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09477", "question_text": "[LO 3.4](3-4-perform-break-even-sensitivity-analysis-for-a-multi-product- environment-under-changing-business-situations) Waskowski Company sells three products (A, B, and C) with a sales mix of 3:2:A. Unit sales price are shown. What is the sales price per composite unit?    A. $17.00   B. $25.00   C. $35.00   D. $20.00", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9443}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13758", "question_text": "The lattice energy of LiF is 1023 kJ/mol, and the Li\u00e2\u0080\u0093F distance is 200.8 pm. NaF crystallizes in the same structure as LiF but with a Na\u00e2\u0080\u0093F distance of 231 pm. Which of the following values most closely approximates the lattice energy of NaF: 510, 890, 1023, 1175, or 4090 kJ/mol? Explain your choice.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8798}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21981", "question_text": "When you are learning how to play the piano, the statement \u00e2\u0080\u009cEvery good boy does fine\u00e2\u0080\u009d can help you remember the notes E, G, B, D, and F for the lines of the treble clef. This is an example of a (an) ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7147}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01075", "question_text": "Fifteen more than _n_ is at least 48.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9484}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19674", "question_text": "How does spot/not urgent compute service differ from virtual compute service?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08330", "question_text": "When it comes to filling judicial positions in the federal courts, do you believe race, gender, religion, and ethnicity should matter? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06552", "question_text": "When watching a circus during the day in a large, dark-colored tent, you sense significant heat transfer from the tent. Explain why this occurs.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05563", "question_text": "Under what conditions can light be modeled like a ray? Like a wave?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22756", "question_text": "In what type of dementia can cognitive declines stop and later improve if the underlying cause of symptoms is identified and treated?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07343", "question_text": "A fluid ounce is about 30 mL. What is the volume of a 12 fl-oz can of soda pop in cubic meters?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9579}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22469", "question_text": "Describe some health concerns related to nutrition during middle childhood.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13110", "question_text": "What are the advantages and disadvantages of light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopes?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9871}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25535", "question_text": "Evaluate a purpose-driven brand. Review the website for the footwear companyAllbirds. Describe how sustainability is at the heart of its mission as a company.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09822", "question_text": "True or false? Cosmetics manufacturing is an area where testing with synthetic human skin is an acceptable substitute for animal testing.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03008", "question_text": "In the early days of automobiles, illumination at night was provided by burning acetylene, C 2 H 2 . Though no longer used as auto headlamps, acetylene is still used as a source of light by some cave explorers. The acetylene is (was) prepared in the lamp by the reaction of water with calcium carbide, CaC 2 :   \\text{CaC}_{2}(s) + 2\\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(l)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{Ca}\\left( \\text{OH} \\right)_{2}(s) + \\text{C}_{2}\\text{H}_{2}(g).   Calculate the standard enthalpy of the reaction. The \\text{\u0394}H_{\\text{f}}^{{^\\circ}} of CaC 2 is \u221215.14 kcal/mol.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6779}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12974", "question_text": "How does the renal portal system differ from the hypothalamo\u00e2\u0080\u0093hypophyseal and digestive portal systems?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04829", "question_text": "(a) A shirtless rider under a circus tent feels the heat radiating from the sunlit portion of the tent. Calculate the temperature of the tent canvas based on the following information: The shirtless rider\u2019s skin temperature is \\text{34}\\text{.}\\text{0\u00baC} and has an emissivity of 0.\u040a. The exposed area of skin is 0\\text{.}\\text{400}\\ \\text{~m}^{2} . He receives radiation at the rate of 20.0 W\u2014half what you would calculate if the entire region behind him was hot. The rest of the surroundings are at \\text{34}\\text{.}\\text{0\u00baC} . (b) Discuss how this situation would change if the sunlit side of the tent was nearly pure white and if the rider was covered by a white tunic.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11121", "question_text": "Genomics can be used in agriculture to:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.921}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14780", "question_text": "Consider the velocity vs. time graph of a person in an elevator shown inFigure 2.56. Suppose the elevator is initially at rest. It then accelerates for 3 seconds, maintains that velocity for 15 seconds, then decelerates for 5 seconds until it stops. The acceleration for the entire trip is not constant so we cannot use the equations of motion fromMotion Equations for Constant Acceleration in One Dimensionfor the complete trip. (We could, however, use them in the three individual sections where acceleration is a constant.) Sketch graphs of (a) position vs. time and (b) acceleration vs. time for this trip. Figure2.56", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05252", "question_text": "People who do very detailed work close up, such as jewellers, often can see objects clearly at much closer distance than the normal 25 cm. (a) What is the power of the eyes of a woman who can see an object clearly at a distance of only 8.00 cm? (b) What is the size of an image of a 1.00 mm object, such as lettering inside a ring, held at this distance? (c) What would the size of the image be if the object were held at the normal 25.0 cm distance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8393}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16183", "question_text": "If a particular sound S1 is5times more intense than another sound S2, then what is the difference in sound intensity levels in dB for these two sounds?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9259}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10431", "question_text": "Find the slope of the line y = 2.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13116", "question_text": "Chemiosmosis involves", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9845}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24095", "question_text": "How have Indigenous critiques and Indigenous perspectives changed and developed anthropology?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9949}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00747", "question_text": "x = t^{2}, y = \\text{ln}(t), 0 \\leq t \\leq e", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5562}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18689", "question_text": "For the following exercise, use GraphAin the given figure. Consider each sequence of vertices. Determine if it is only a walk, both a walk and a path, both a walk and a trail, all three, or none of these.d\u00e2\u0086\u0092e\u00e2\u0086\u0092b\u00e2\u0086\u0092c\u00e2\u0086\u0092f", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09900", "question_text": "Write each number as a whole number using digits.    A. \u24d0 six hundred thirteen   B. \u24d1 fifty-five thousand two hundred eight", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9849}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26317", "question_text": "LO13.2How might a business interact with each of the four different stakeholders you identified inthe previous exercise?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9838}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18385", "question_text": "What is the effective annual yield for an account bearing 3.21% interest compounded quarterly? Round to two decimal places if necessary.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11537", "question_text": "Name and briefly explain the factors that affect soil formation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9424}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16144", "question_text": "(credit: modification of work by lineage, StackExchange) A tuning fork is an instrument that produces a note (sound) with a specific frequency. The image shows a stationary and a vibrating tuning fork.Make a claim about the nature of sound waves produced by the fork.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.96}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22673", "question_text": "During the perimenopause phase, how may hot flashes contribute to temporary memory problems and other cognitive concerns?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25237", "question_text": "In what ways is an elevator pitch an abbreviation of a longer professional pitch? In what ways does it differ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04840", "question_text": "(a) What is the average metabolic rate in watts of a man who metabolizes 10,500 kJ of food energy in one day? (b) What is the maximum amount of work in joules he can do without breaking down fat, assuming a maximum efficiency of 20.0%? (c) Compare his work output with the daily output of a 187-W (0.250-horsepower) motor.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8873}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21715", "question_text": "The Geneva Conventions are concerned with ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6472}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04918", "question_text": "(a) What is the decibel level of a sound that is twice as intense as a 90.0-dB sound? (b) What is the decibel level of a sound that is one-fifth as intense as a 90.0-dB sound?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9882}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24518", "question_text": "Which assessment of Herbert Hoover\u00e2\u0080\u0099s presidency is most accurate? Hoover\u00e2\u0080\u0099s policies caused the stock market crash and subsequent depression.Although he did not cause the stock market crash, Hoover deserves criticism for his inadequate response to it.Hoover pledged a great deal of direct federal aid to unemployed Americans, overtaxing the federal budget and worsening the financial crisis.Hoover disapproved of American capitalism and therefore attempted to forestall any concrete solutions to the Depression.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13074", "question_text": "Alveoli are connected to the lactiferous sinuses by ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9833}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08840", "question_text": "Quorum sensing is used by bacterial cells to determine which of the following?    A. the size of the population   B. the availability of nutrients   C. the speed of water flow   D. the density of the population", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8012}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04928", "question_text": "A \u201cshowy\u201d custom-built car has two brass horns that are supposed to produce the same frequency but actually emit 263.8 and 264.5 Hz. What beat frequency is produced?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9578}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03841", "question_text": "For each of your answers to [Exercise 12.2](12-self-check-questions#fs- idp37271888) , will equilibrium price rise or fall or stay the same?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14026", "question_text": "The Henry\u00e2\u0080\u0099s law constant for O2is 1.3\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00923M/atm at 25 \u00c2\u00b0C. Assuming ideal solution behavior, what mass of oxygen would be dissolved in a 40-L aquarium at 25 \u00c2\u00b0C, assuming an atmospheric pressure of 1.00 atm, and that the partial pressure of O2is 0.21 atm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08205", "question_text": "What goods are available to all without direct payment?    A. private goods   B. public goods   C. common goods   D. toll goods", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9742}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26172", "question_text": "LO7.4Fill in the blanks: A flexible budget summarizes _______ and _______ for various volume levels by adjusting the _______ costs for the various levels of activities. The _______ costs remain the same for all levels of activities.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8485}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24550", "question_text": "Given that the Japanese war against China began in 1937 and German aggression began in Europe in 1936, why was it not until 1941 that the United States joined the war against the Axis powers? Was the decision to stay out of the war until 1941 a wise one on the part of the United States?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25695", "question_text": "LO1.5Many professional certifications now have requirements for ethics training. Define ethics.Why does the accounting profession put so much emphasis on acting ethically?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8331}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07566", "question_text": "Suppose that you are viewing a soccer game from a helicopter above the playing field. Two soccer players simultaneously kick a stationary soccer ball on the flat field; the soccer ball has mass 0.420 kg. The first player kicks with force 162 N at 9.0\\text{\u00b0} north of west. At the same instant, the second player kicks with force 215 N at 15\\text{\u00b0} east of south. Find the acceleration of the ball in \\mathbf{\\hat{i}} and \\mathbf{\\hat{j}} form.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06202", "question_text": "What role do secondary groups play in society?    A. They are transactional, task-based, and short-term, filling practical needs.   B. They provide a social network that allows people to compare themselves to others.   C. The members give and receive emotional support.   D. They allow individuals to challenge their beliefs and prejudices.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5227}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22111", "question_text": "Why didn\u00e2\u0080\u0099t the \u00e2\u0080\u009cgood\u00e2\u0080\u009d guards in the Stanford prison experiment object to other guards\u00e2\u0080\u0099 abusive behavior? Were the student prisoners simply weak people? Why didn\u00e2\u0080\u0099t they object to being abused?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8116}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14205", "question_text": "What is the pressure of BrCl in an equilibrium mixture of Cl2, Br2, and BrCl if the pressure of Cl2in the mixture is 0.115 atm and the pressure of Br2in the mixture is 0.450 atm? Cl2(g)+Br2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c2BrCl(g)KP=4.7\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00922Cl2(g)+Br2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c2BrCl(g)KP=4.7\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00922", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8681}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12854", "question_text": "Which of the following organs is supported by a layer of adventitia rather than serosa?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6793}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11773", "question_text": "Of the following, which does not explain why the partial pressure of oxygen is lower in the lung than in the external air?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05775", "question_text": "A diffraction grating produces a second maximum that is 89.7 cm from the central maximum on a screen 2.0 m away. If the grating has 6000 lines per centimeter, what is the wavelength of the light that produces the diffraction pattern?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9895}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01308", "question_text": "Convert 83,000,000 to scientific notation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19370", "question_text": "What are the differences between thread and process?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09361", "question_text": "The ________ ________ prevents access of microbes in the blood from gaining access to the central nervous system.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9779}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01654", "question_text": "Koji has $5,502 in his savings account. This is $30 less than six times the amount in his checking account. How much money does Koji have in his checking account?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7318}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20901", "question_text": "How is bank regulation linked to the conduct of monetary policy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17910", "question_text": "What is the random variable?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7732}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00969", "question_text": "Kelly is 5 feet 4 inches tall. Convert her height to inches.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10326", "question_text": "a baseball with radius 1.45 inches", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17871", "question_text": "What should you do when\u00ce\u00b1>p-value?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9542}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09904", "question_text": "495 \\div 45", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21572", "question_text": "Party decline around the world can be seen through:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9834}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01987", "question_text": "\u24d0 \\frac{1}{\\sqrt[3]{11}} \u24d1 \\sqrt[3]{\\frac{7}{54}} \u24d2 \\frac{3}{\\sqrt[3]{3x^{2}}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8638}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11548", "question_text": "What is the term for a fruit that develops from tissues other than the ovary?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7751}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07407", "question_text": "Show that (\\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}}\\ \\times \\ \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{C}}) \\cdot \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{A}} is the volume of the parallelepiped, with edges formed by the three vectors in the following figure.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13672", "question_text": "Draw the orbital diagram for the valence shell of each of the following atoms: (a) C (b) P (c) V (d) Sb (e) Ru", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9699}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19854", "question_text": "How does ethical hacking differ from malicious hacking?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13113", "question_text": "Which of the following is not true about enzymes?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9927}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03910", "question_text": "The Central African Republic has a GDP of 1,107,689 million CFA francs and a population of 4.862 million. The exchange rate is 284.681CFA francs per dollar. Calculate the GDP per capita of Central African Republic.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22740", "question_text": "Multigenerational households are increasingly common in middle adulthood. Analyze the factors that contribute to the rise of multigenerational living, such as financial considerations, cultural values, or the need for caregiving support. How do these households impact the family dynamic, and what are some strategies for managing the complexities that arise in these living situations?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12313", "question_text": "Your friend runs out of gas and you have to help push their car. Discuss the sequence of bones and joints that convey the forces passing from your hand, through your upper limb and your pectoral girdle, and to your axial skeleton.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9586}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12947", "question_text": "The right kidney is slightly lower because ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25500", "question_text": "Diversity marketing intelligence (DMiQ) refers to the capability of identifying, accepting, and valuing the diversity of consumers within a market and using this knowledge to tailor the marketing mix accordingly. Thus, capturing insights about consumers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 heritage, experience, lifestyle, beliefs, or living situations helps explain the nuances and idiosyncrasies associated with diversity. These insights helped identify that the LGBTQIA+ community generally spends more money online and at retail stores. Additionally, the research firm Out Now estimates the LGBTQIA+ community spends more than $211 billion on travel. How can the travel industry employ DMiQ to derive more value from this group that enjoys travel and is willing to pay for it?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9804}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21445", "question_text": "Political events involve ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9816}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24348", "question_text": "Which of the following did the Northnotdo to mobilize for war? institute a military draftform a military alliance with Great Britainprint paper moneypass the Homestead Act", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5343}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04377", "question_text": "[LO 15.5](15-5-discuss-and-record-entries-for-the-dissolution-of-a- partnership) Prior to proceeding with the liquidation, the partnership should ________.    A. prepare adjusting entries without closing   B. complete the accounting cycle for final operational period   C. prepare only closing entries   D. complete financial statements only", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9856}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12814", "question_text": "Which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06193", "question_text": "Socialization, as a sociological term, describes:    A. how people interact during social situations   B. how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values   C. a person\u2019s internal mental state when in a group setting   D. the difference between introverts and extroverts", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03495", "question_text": "In the laboratory, hydrogen chloride (HCl( _g_ )) and ammonia (NH 3 ( _g_ )) often escape from bottles of their solutions and react to form the ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl( _s_ )), the white glaze often seen on glassware. Assuming that the number of moles of each gas that escapes into the room is the same, what is the maximum partial pressure of HCl and NH 3 in the laboratory at room temperature? (Hint: The partial pressures will be equal and are at their maximum value when at equilibrium.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9782}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24276", "question_text": "Does Alexis de Tocqueville\u00e2\u0080\u0099s argument about the tyranny of the majority reflect American democracy today? Provide examples to support your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7181}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03978", "question_text": "In a Keynesian framework, using an AD/AS diagram, which of the following government policy choices offer a possible solution to recession? Which offer a possible solution to inflation?    A. A tax increase on consumer income.   B. A surge in military spending.   C. A reduction in taxes for businesses that increase investment.   D. A major increase in what the U.S. government spends on healthcare.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8754}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07378", "question_text": "A delivery driver starts at the post office, drives 40 km north, then 20 km west, then 60 km northeast, and finally 50 km north to stop for lunch. Use a graphical method to find their net displacement vector.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23262", "question_text": "________ activate mu-opioid receptors on GABAergic VTA interneurons, leading to inhibition of GABA neurons and increased dopamine release onto the NAc.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9878}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13395", "question_text": "For each of the following pairs of ions, write the formula of the compound they will form: (a) K+, O2\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (b)NH4+,NH4+,PO43\u00e2\u0088\u0092PO43\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (c) Al3+, O2\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (d) Na+,CO32\u00e2\u0088\u0092CO32\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (e) Ba2+,PO43\u00e2\u0088\u0092PO43\u00e2\u0088\u0092", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9239}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26722", "question_text": "What ethical principle is the nurse practicing when the nurse respects a client\u00e2\u0080\u0099s wish to choose a specific treatment?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9718}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04565", "question_text": "(a) Calculate the work done on a 1500-kg elevator car by its cable to lift it 40.0 m at constant speed, assuming friction averages 100 N. (b) What is the work done on the elevator car by the gravitational force in this process? (c) What is the total work done on the elevator car?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12305", "question_text": "Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia and fibula?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9252}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26993", "question_text": "A client is admitted to the hospital with Stage III chronic kidney disease and constipation. Which of the following laxatives is contraindicated for this client?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9746}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19765", "question_text": "In the Robert Anthony framework, which domain ensures that an organization is meeting its strategic goals through activities such as setting budgets and tracking sales?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8767}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06232", "question_text": "The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as:    A. class traits   B. power   C. prestige   D. underclass", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9684}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22711", "question_text": "Sternberg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s triangular theory of love asserts that complete love is characterized by intimacy, passion, and what third element?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14407", "question_text": "Both AgCl and AgI dissolve in NH3. (a) What mass of AgI dissolves in 1.0 L of 1.0MNH3? (b) What mass of AgCl dissolves in 1.0 L of 1.0MNH3?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9841}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01806", "question_text": "y^{a} \\cdot y^{b}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5398}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02386", "question_text": "Sketch a graph of the linear function f(t) = 2t - 5.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16682", "question_text": "Make a list of each main phase of the Moon, describing roughly when the Moon rises and sets for each phase. During which phase can you see the Moon in the middle of the morning? In the middle of the afternoon?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9385}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05457", "question_text": "Confirm that charge, electron family number, and the total number of nucleons are all conserved by the rule for \\beta^{-} decay given in the equation {}_{Z}^{A}X_{N}\\rightarrow{}_{Z + 1}^{A}{{\\text{Y}_{N - 1} + \\beta^{-}} + {\\overline{\\nu}}_{e}} . To do this, identify the values of each before and after the decay.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8859}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05332", "question_text": "Suppose a spaceship heading straight towards the Earth at 0\\text{.}\\text{750}c can shoot a canister at 0\\text{.}\\text{500}c relative to the ship. (a) What is the velocity of the canister relative to the Earth, if it is shot directly at the Earth? (b) If it is shot directly away from the Earth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9669}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11358", "question_text": "Which plant is considered the most advanced seedless vascular plant and why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13139", "question_text": "An organism\u00e2\u0080\u0099s traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9842}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03436", "question_text": "Calculate the concentration of Ag + required to begin precipitation of Ag 2 CO 3 in a solution that is 2.50 \\times 10 \u20136 _M_ in \\text{CO}_{3}{}^{\\text{2\u2212}}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02793", "question_text": "Ramla deposits $3,600 into a retirement fund each year. The fund earns 7.5% annual interest, compounded monthly. If she opened her account when she was 20 years old, how much will she have by the time she\u2019s 55? How much of that amount was interest earned?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5302}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10737", "question_text": "Which of the following are only in plant cells?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23671", "question_text": "What intergroup relationship is represented by the \u00e2\u0080\u009csalad bowl\u00e2\u0080\u009d metaphor?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8451}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13287", "question_text": "Converting a prairie to a farm field is an example of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9915}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08076", "question_text": "In a transverse wave on a string, the motion of the string is perpendicular to the motion of the wave. If this is so, how is possible to move energy along the length of the string?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14567", "question_text": "Describe the molecular structure of each of the following molecules or ions listed. You may wish to review the chapter on chemical bonding and molecular geometry. (a) PH3 (b)PH4+PH4+ (c) P2H4 (d)PO43\u00e2\u0088\u0092PO43\u00e2\u0088\u0092", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12652", "question_text": "Which of the following statements about blood is true?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9898}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13458", "question_text": "What is the final concentration of the solution produced when 225.5 mL of a 0.09988-Msolution of Na2CO3is allowed to evaporate until the solution volume is reduced to 45.00 mL?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.591}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15371", "question_text": "Is there a phase change in the light reflected from either surface of a contact lens floating on a person\u00e2\u0080\u0099s tear layer? The index of refraction of the lens is about 1.5, and its top surface is dry.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6851}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20033", "question_text": "Why is strong risk management important for organizations engaging in global data sharing?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9933}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25061", "question_text": "What is the Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6265}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25627", "question_text": "Identify at least one item that you use regularly whose price has changed significantly.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23401", "question_text": "According to the hemispheric rivalry hypothesis, how does neglect arise after damage to one hemisphere?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11365", "question_text": "Megasporocytes will eventually produce which of the following?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4944}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16370", "question_text": "In which circuit are all the resistors connected in series?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9695}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03235", "question_text": "Cadmium sulfide, sometimes used as a yellow pigment by artists, crystallizes with cadmium, occupying one-half of the tetrahedral holes in a closest packed array of sulfide ions. What is the formula of cadmium sulfide? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9658}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23374", "question_text": "Why is the NMDA receptor considered a molecular coincidence detector?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24136", "question_text": "What types of labor systems were used in the Americas? Did systems of unfree labor serve more than an economic function?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5785}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16356", "question_text": "The electric field a distance of 10 km from a storm cloud is 1,000 N/C . What is the approximate charge in the cloud?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5805}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27054", "question_text": "The nurse is caring for a client in labor who will be receiving an MgSO4infusion for eclampsia. Which provider\u00e2\u0080\u0099s order is most important to implement?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19447", "question_text": "Consider our startup company committed to leveraging innovative technologies as a business growth facilitator. Describe how it can best use the Java or C# programming language constructs to create specific products or services that can generate business. Give precise examples and explain how the startup would be able to scale the resulting business (i.e., keep sustaining the cost of doing business while increasing its number of customers).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7128}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12085", "question_text": "Magnesium is an important element in the human body, especially in bones. Magnesium\u00e2\u0080\u0099s atomic number is 12. Is it stable or reactive? Why? If it were to react with another atom, would it be more likely to accept or to donate one or more electrons?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9748}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08508", "question_text": "Find the average rate of change of the function from x = 1\\text{~to~}x = 3.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10541", "question_text": "What were the benefits and drawbacks of the Fifteenth Amendment?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9765}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13485", "question_text": "Classify the following as acid-base reactions or oxidation-reduction reactions: (a)Na2S(aq)+2HCl(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62NaCl(aq)+H2S(g)Na2S(aq)+2HCl(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62NaCl(aq)+H2S(g) (b)2Na(s)+2HCl(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62NaCl(aq)+H2(g)2Na(s)+2HCl(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62NaCl(aq)+H2(g) (c)Mg(s)+Cl2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6MgCl2(s)Mg(s)+Cl2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6MgCl2(s) (d)MgO(s)+2HCl(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6MgCl2(aq)+H2O(l)MgO(s)+2HCl(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6MgCl2(aq)+H2O(l) (e)K3P(s)+2O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6K3PO4(s)K3P(s)+2O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6K3PO4(s) (f)3KOH(aq)+H3PO4(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6K3PO4(aq)+3H2O(l)3KOH(aq)+H3PO4(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6K3PO4(aq)+3H2O(l)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9807}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19946", "question_text": "What are the components of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09400", "question_text": "f(x) = \\left\\\\{ \\begin{array}{l} {\\sqrt{x + 1},x > \\text{\u2212}1} \\\\\\ {x^{2} + c,x \\leq - 1} \\end{array} \\right.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9646}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04674", "question_text": "Three children are riding on the edge of a merry-go-round that is 100 kg, has a 1.60-m radius, and is spinning at 20.0 rpm. The children have masses of 22.0, 28.0, and 33.0 kg. If the child who has a mass of 28.0 kg moves to the center of the merry-go-round, what is the new angular velocity in rpm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23332", "question_text": "Which cells will you find in the brain of a typical healthy human?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5332}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18717", "question_text": "Select the most representative sound registering 50 dB: airport gate noise, light rain on a car, dirt bike racing.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8372}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03239", "question_text": "As minerals were formed from the molten magma, different ions occupied the same cites in the crystals. Lithium often occurs along with magnesium in minerals despite the difference in the charge on their ions. Suggest an explanation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03357", "question_text": "Why are there no changes specified for Ni in [Exercise 13.60](13-exercises#fs- idp189641568) , part (f)? What property of Ni does change?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9293}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26819", "question_text": "Which of the following drugs is commonly prescribed to treat seizures and can cause behavioral and psychotic adverse effects?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8122}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20225", "question_text": "Name some factors that can cause a shift in the demand curve in markets for goods and services.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9954}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07558", "question_text": "Two boxes, A and B, are at rest. Box A is on level ground, while box B rests on an inclined plane tilted at angle \\theta with the horizontal. (a) Write expressions for the normal force acting on each block. (b) Compare the two forces; that is, tell which one is larger or whether they are equal in magnitude. (c) If the angle of incline is 10\\text{\u00b0} , which force is greater?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7092}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06417", "question_text": "Which of the following is the definition of a \u201cpatent troll\u201d?    A. A patent owner who licenses their patents rather than makes or sells products.   B. A patent owner whose main source of revenue is patent litigation.   C. A patent owner whose main source of revenue is \u201cnuisance settlements\u201d for less than the cost of litigation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02036", "question_text": "Julius built a triangular display case for his coin collection. The height of the display case is six inches less than twice the width of the base. The area of the of the back of the case is 70 square inches. Find the height and width of the case.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03997", "question_text": "If the central bank sells $500 in bonds to a bank that has issued $10,000 in loans and is exactly meeting the reserve requirement of 10%, what will happen to the amount of loans and to the money supply in general?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4522}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10762", "question_text": "A scientist compares the plasma membrane composition of an animal from the Mediterranean coast with one from the Mojave Desert. Which hypothesis is most likely to be correct?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13759", "question_text": "For which of the following substances is the least energy required to convert one mole of the solid into separate ions? (a) MgO (b) SrO (c) KF (d) CsF (e) MgF2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15051", "question_text": "Describe the photo of the tea kettle at the beginning of this section in terms of heat transfer, work done, and internal energy. How is heat being transferred? What is the work done and what is doing it? How does the kettle maintain its internal energy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22727", "question_text": "Identify two positive outcomes or benefits of marriage.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21001", "question_text": "Explain whether or not you agree with the premise of the Ricardian equivalence theory that rational people might reason: \u00e2\u0080\u009cWell, a higher budget deficit (surplus) means that I\u00e2\u0080\u0099m just going to owe more (less) taxes in the future to pay off all that government borrowing, so I\u00e2\u0080\u0099ll start saving (spending) now.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14917", "question_text": "Analogies exist between rotational and translational physical quantities. Identify the rotational term analogous to each of the following: acceleration, force, mass, work, translational kinetic energy, linear momentum, impulse.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9082}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16236", "question_text": "What is the distance of one light year in kilometers?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5753}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22135", "question_text": "What aspect of an office workstation would a human factors psychologist be concerned about?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9064}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04116", "question_text": "[LO 3.2](3-2-define-and-describe-the-expanded-accounting-equation-and-its- relationship-to-analyzing-transactions) Which of these accounts is an asset?    A. Common Stock   B. Supplies   C. Accounts Payable   D. Fees Earned", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9905}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17756", "question_text": "What is the distribution for the mean length of time 64 batteries last?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7122}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08449", "question_text": "\\cot\\;\\frac{\\pi}{3}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05612", "question_text": "Is it necessary to project a real image onto a screen to see it?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.671}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19278", "question_text": "What is an advantage of high-level programming over low-level programming?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01138", "question_text": "x + y = -2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.744}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25146", "question_text": "Can a social enterprise work on a social issue and at the same time be profitable?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02215", "question_text": "49 + 7 + 1 + \\frac{1}{7} + \\frac{1}{49} + \\frac{1}{343} + \\text{\u2026}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8331}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09834", "question_text": "How prevalent has redlining been in the United States?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9533}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08736", "question_text": "What is the name for the transfer of genetic information from one bacterium to another bacterium by a phage?    A. transduction   B. penetration   C. excision   D. translation", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9779}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09726", "question_text": "Which of the following is _not_ true?    A. Shareholder primacy is the clear legal precedent in the United States.   B. Maximizing shareholder profits is a legitimate goal of management.   C. Dividends are paid out of corporate profits.   D. Companies that pursue CSR policies can also be profitable.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5598}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09316", "question_text": "Which of the following diseases is transmitted by body lice?    A. tularemia   B. bubonic plague   C. murine typhus   D. epidemic typhus", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5098}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02623", "question_text": "Two frequencies of sound are played on an instrument governed by the equation n(t) = 8\\;\\cos(20\\pi t)\\cos(1000\\pi t). What are the period and frequency of the \u201cfast\u201d and \u201cslow\u201d oscillations? What is the amplitude?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6306}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05183", "question_text": "(a) An inductor designed to filter high-frequency noise from power supplied to a personal computer is placed in series with the computer. What minimum inductance should it have to produce a \\text{2.00 k\u03a9} reactance for 15.0 kHz noise? (b) What is its reactance at 60.0 Hz?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5523}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27057", "question_text": "A 45-year-old client with prostate cancer is undergoing treatment with bicalutamide. Which problem is a priority for the nurse to address?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05564", "question_text": "Does the fact that the light flash from lightning reaches you before its sound prove that the speed of light is extremely large or simply that it is greater than the speed of sound? Discuss how you could use this effect to get an estimate of the speed of light.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8438}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11792", "question_text": "Why are open circulatory systems advantageous to some animals?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03183", "question_text": "When two cotton plugs, one moistened with ammonia and the other with hydrochloric acid, are simultaneously inserted into opposite ends of a glass tube that is 87.0 cm long, a white ring of NH 4 Cl forms where gaseous NH 3 and gaseous HCl first come into contact. \\text{NH}_{3}(g) + \\text{HCl}{(g)}\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{NH}_{4}\\text{Cl}{(s)} At approximately what distance from the ammonia moistened plug does this occur? (Hint: Calculate the rates of diffusion for both NH 3 and HCl, and find out how much faster NH 3 diffuses than HCl.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05689", "question_text": "While contemplating the food value of a slice of ham, you notice a rainbow of color reflected from its moist surface. Explain its origin.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.955}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18384", "question_text": "Find the future value after 20 years of $15,000 deposited in an account bearing 4.26% interest compounded quarterly.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9849}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17376", "question_text": "Can you name five environmental conditions that, in their extremes, microbial life has been challenged by and has learned to survive on Earth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9054}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02315", "question_text": "\\left| {x - 3} \\right| < -4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4899}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03705", "question_text": "**[T]** {\\int_{1}^{2}\\sqrt{x^{5} + 2}}dx", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9305}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17036", "question_text": "Why is fission not an important energy source in the Sun?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9297}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21649", "question_text": "What is a common law legal system?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9935}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25895", "question_text": "LO9.3You are considering a $100,000 investment in one of two publicly traded companies in the same industry. Review the last three annual financial statements (same fiscal year) for two publicly traded companies in the same industry. Based on the information obtained, complete the following. Compute the accounts receivable turnover ratio (round all answers to two decimal places).Compute the number of days\u00e2\u0080\u0099 sales in receivables ratio for both companies for the two most current years (round all answers to two decimal places).Describe and interpret the outcomes, stating which company you would invest in and why.What information is missing that could help you make a more informed decision?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5495}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25519", "question_text": "List the advantages and disadvantages of public relations.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21933", "question_text": "What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17593", "question_text": "Which type of distribution does the graph illustrate? Figure5.37", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9508}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21217", "question_text": "A state might hold a primary instead of a caucus because a primary is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8243}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08007", "question_text": "Referring to [Figure 14.20](14-4-archimedes-principle-and-buoyancy) , prove that the buoyant force on the cylinder is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced (Archimedes\u2019 principle). You may assume that the buoyant force is F_{2} - F_{1} and that the ends of the cylinder have equal areas A . Note that the volume of the cylinder (and that of the fluid it displaces) equals (h_{2} - h_{1})A .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7915}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15758", "question_text": "True or False\u00e2\u0080\u0094A person is following a set of directions. He has to walk 2 km east and then 1 km north. He takes a wrong turn and walks in the opposite direction for the second leg of the trip. The magnitude of his total displacement will be the same as it would have been had he followed directions correctly.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5539}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10371", "question_text": "(8x^{2}y^{5})(7xy^{6})", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7568}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00826", "question_text": "y\\text{''} - x^{2} = -3y^{\\prime} - \\frac{9}{4}y + 3x", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.395}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06292", "question_text": "Informal education _________________.    A. describes when students teach their peers    B. refers to the learning of cultural norms   C. only takes place at home   D. relies on a planned instructional process", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9724}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07202", "question_text": "Describe what effect the resistance of the connecting wires has on an oscillating _LC_ circuit.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01400", "question_text": "\\frac{6 + \\frac{2}{q - 4}}{\\frac{5}{q + 4}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5111}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06964", "question_text": "The current of an electron beam has a measured current of I = 50.00\\ \\mu\\text{A} with a radius of 1.00 mm. What is the magnitude of the current density of the beam?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6078}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11864", "question_text": "Which form of reproduction can result from damage to the original animal?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4939}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18916", "question_text": "y\u00e2\u0080\u00b2=3x\u00e2\u0088\u00922yy\u00e2\u0080\u00b2=3x\u00e2\u0088\u00922y", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3912}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16190", "question_text": "What is the beat frequency produced by the superposition of two waves with frequencies300Hzand340Hz?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18927", "question_text": "y\u00e2\u0080\u00b2=3x\u00e2\u0088\u00922y,y(0)=0y\u00e2\u0080\u00b2=3x\u00e2\u0088\u00922y,y(0)=0", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7307}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23395", "question_text": "In the context of attention and perceptual load, which of the following real-life scenarios best illustrates a situation with low perceptual load?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16966", "question_text": "Suppose a comet were discovered approaching the Sun, one whose orbit would cause it to collide with Earth 20 months later, after perihelion passage. (This is approximately the situation described in the science-fiction novelLucifer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Hammerby Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle.) What could we do? Would there be any way to protect ourselves from a catastrophe?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9881}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06116", "question_text": "List the quark and lepton families", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21201", "question_text": "Which body of government is least susceptible to public opinion polls?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9588}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26037", "question_text": "LO16.3When preparing the operating section of the statement of cash flows, using the indirect method, how must gains and losses be handled? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6895}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22712", "question_text": "Since 1960 in the United States, what has been the status of the median age of first marriage?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7021}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07001", "question_text": "What are the advantages and disadvantages of connecting batteries in series? In parallel?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9018}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12466", "question_text": "What does a ligand-gated channel require in order to open?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9704}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17854", "question_text": "Which two distributions can you use for hypothesis testing for this chapter?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9932}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07759", "question_text": "Three point masses are placed at the corners of a triangle as shown in the figure below.  Find the center of mass of the three-mass system.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17899", "question_text": "According to a television commercial, 80% of dentists agree that Ultrafresh toothpaste is the best on the market.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6906}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07039", "question_text": "Consider the circuit shown below. Each battery has an emf of 1.50 V and an internal resistance of 1.00\\ \\text{\u03a9}. (a) What is the current through the external resistor, which has a resistance of 10.00 ohms? (b) What is the terminal voltage of each battery?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8759}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13666", "question_text": "Write a set of quantum numbers for each of the electrons with annof 4 in a Se atom.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23465", "question_text": "Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Laughter is an examples of:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04579", "question_text": "(a) Use of hydrogen fusion to supply energy is a dream that may be realized in the next century. Fusion would be a relatively clean and almost limitless supply of energy, as can be seen from [Table 7.1](7-6-conservation-of-energy) . To illustrate this, calculate how many years the present energy needs of the world could be supplied by one millionth of the oceans\u2019 hydrogen fusion energy. (b) How does this time compare with historically significant events, such as the duration of stable economic systems?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11580", "question_text": "The type of muscle cell under voluntary control is the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16081", "question_text": "What is net transfer of energy by heat?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9766}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08237", "question_text": "Which of the following rights is not explicitly protected by some state constitutions?    A. the right to hunt   B. the right to privacy   C. the right to polygamous marriage   D. the right to a free public education", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9768}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04744", "question_text": "(a) Suppose a blood vessel\u2019s radius is decreased to 90.0% of its original value by plaque deposits and the body compensates by increasing the pressure difference along the vessel to keep the flow rate constant. By what factor must the pressure difference increase? (b) If turbulence is created by the obstruction, what additional effect would it have on the flow rate?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8521}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16414", "question_text": "Give a verbal expression for Ohm\u00e2\u0080\u0099s law.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17732", "question_text": "Find the sum with az\u00e2\u0080\u0093score of 0.5.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26524", "question_text": "The nurse is caring for a client with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. What test would the nurse anticipate being ordered for this client?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01666", "question_text": "Enrique borrowed $23,500 to buy a car. He pays his uncle 2% interest on the $4,500 he borrowed from him, and he pays the bank 11.5% interest on the rest. What average interest rate does he pay on the total $23,500? (Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a percent.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9765}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14799", "question_text": "The hat of a jogger running at constant velocity falls off the back of his head. Draw a sketch showing the path of the hat in the jogger\u00e2\u0080\u0099s frame of reference. Draw its path as viewed by a stationary observer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13500", "question_text": "Complete and balance each of the following half-reactions (steps 2\u00e2\u0080\u00935 in half-reaction method): (a)Cr2+(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Cr3+(aq)Cr2+(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Cr3+(aq) (b)Hg(l)+Br\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6HgBr42\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)Hg(l)+Br\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6HgBr42\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq) (c)ZnS(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Zn(s)+S2\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)ZnS(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Zn(s)+S2\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq) (d)H2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H2O(l)H2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H2O(l)(in basic solution) (e)H2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H3O+(aq)H2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H3O+(aq)(in acidic solution) (f)NO3\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6HNO2(aq)NO3\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6HNO2(aq)(in acidic solution) (g)MnO2(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6MnO4\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)MnO2(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6MnO4\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)(in basic solution) (h)Cl\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6ClO3\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)Cl\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6ClO3\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)(in acidic solution)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9931}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10913", "question_text": "Which protein is a positive regulator that phosphorylates other proteins when activated?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21416", "question_text": "What might indicate that a government is passing the policies the country needs?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9699}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21830", "question_text": "What are the implications of compromised immune function as a result of exposure to chronic stress?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18720", "question_text": "What is three whole steps up from G#?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5391}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24275", "question_text": "How did depictions of Native Americans in popular culture help to sway popular opinion? Does modern popular culture continue to wield this kind of power over us? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6306}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10714", "question_text": "Explain what happens if even one amino acid is substituted for another in a polypeptide chain. Provide a specific example.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9281}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16318", "question_text": "An electron moves in an electric field. Does it move toward regions of higher potential or lower potential? Explain.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8559}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24818", "question_text": "What are the five characteristics Mary Anne Warren identifies as essential to the concept of personhood?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4782}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14512", "question_text": "What mass of each product is produced in each of the electrolytic cells of the previous problem if a total charge of 3.33\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u0097105C passes through each cell?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03642", "question_text": "For the following isotopes that have missing information, fill in the missing information to complete the notation (a) {}_{14}^{34}\\text{X} (b) {}_{\\;\\text{X}}^{36}\\text{P} (c) {}_{\\;\\text{X}}^{57}\\text{Mn} (d) {}_{\\mspace{9mu} 56}^{121}\\text{X}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9385}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02954", "question_text": "Freon-12, CCl 2 F 2 , is prepared from CCl 4 by reaction with HF. The other product of this reaction is HCl. Outline the steps needed to determine the percent yield of a reaction that produces 12.5 g of CCl 2 F 2 from 32.9 g of CCl 4 . Freon-12 has been banned and is no longer used as a refrigerant because it catalyzes the decomposition of ozone and has a very long lifetime in the atmosphere. Determine the percent yield.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5532}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19650", "question_text": "Which storage service manages data as blobs?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13650", "question_text": "What is the radius, in angstroms, of the orbital of an electron withn= 8 in a hydrogen atom?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9868}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23348", "question_text": "The three main types of innate immune cells are ________, ________, and ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9941}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25603", "question_text": "Briefly describe interest income within the context of bond investments.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16106", "question_text": "If the horizontal distance, that is, the distance in the direction of propagation, between a crest and the adjacent trough of a sine wave is 1 m, what is the wavelength of the wave?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6406}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03897", "question_text": "What is the main factor preventing a large community from influencing policy in the same way as a special interest group?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23119", "question_text": "Which contraction-associated protein is considered a \u00e2\u0080\u009cthick filament\u00e2\u0080\u009d and contains the globular heads within a myofibril?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7181}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01455", "question_text": "8\\sqrt{13} + 2\\sqrt{3} + 3\\sqrt{13}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6718}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05501", "question_text": "The energy produced by the fusion of a 1.00-kg mixture of deuterium and tritium was found in Example [Calculating Energy and Power from Fusion](32-5-fusion) . Approximately how many kilograms would be required to supply the annual energy use in the United States?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.804}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22317", "question_text": "Vygotsky\u00e2\u0080\u0099s theory promotes which explanation for cognitive development?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8605}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17053", "question_text": "Table 17.2lists the temperature ranges that correspond to the different spectral types. What part of the star do these temperatures refer to? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9825}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07826", "question_text": "What is the torque about the origin of the force (5.0\\mathbf{\\hat{i}} - 2.0\\mathbf{\\hat{j}} + 1.0\\mathbf{\\hat{k}})\\ \\text{N} if it is applied at the point whose position is: \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{r}} = \\left( {-2.0\\mathbf{\\hat{i}} + 4.0\\mathbf{\\hat{j}}} \\right)\\ \\text{m?}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8486}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14694", "question_text": "Identify any carbon atoms that change hybridization and the change in hybridization during the reactions inExercise 20.39.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5361}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25327", "question_text": "According to Ash Maurya\u00e2\u0080\u0099s typology, Airbnb is an example of what type of business model? directmultisidedopenmarketplace", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.901}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00782", "question_text": "f\\left( {x,y} \\right) = x + 4y^{2}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.877}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12109", "question_text": "Which of the following isnota difference between DNA and RNA?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9916}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02273", "question_text": "-2 \\cdot \\left( {2 + 3 \\cdot 2} \\right)^{2} + 144", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5772}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10271", "question_text": "Rochelle\u2019s daughter is 11 years old. Her son is 3 years younger. How old is her son?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7719}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02748", "question_text": "\\frac{\\left( {x - 3} \\right)^{2}}{25} - \\frac{\\left( {y + 3} \\right)^{2}}{1} = 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5163}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01928", "question_text": "\\frac{8a}{a^{2} - 64} - \\frac{4}{a + 8}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8587}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23415", "question_text": "A sociologist defines society as a group of people who reside in a defined area, share a culture, and who:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9891}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15505", "question_text": "Fallout from nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere is mainly90Sr90Srand137Cs137Cs, which have 28.6- and 32.2-y half-lives, respectively. Atmospheric tests were terminated in most countries in 1963, although China only did so in 1980. It has been found that environmental activities of these two isotopes are decreasing faster than their half-lives. Why might this be?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9871}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09895", "question_text": "3828 \\div 6", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9835}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08304", "question_text": "The process of redistricting can present problems for congressional representation because ________.    A. districts must include urban and rural areas   B. states can gain but never lose districts   C. districts are often drawn to benefit partisan groups   D. states have been known to create more districts than they have been apportioned", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9208}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20223", "question_text": "What is the difference between the supply and the quantity supplied of a product, say milk? Explain in words and show the difference on a graph with the supply curve for milk.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9329}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21640", "question_text": "Under this bureaucratic system, government positions are filled based on political loyalty.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6453}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22492", "question_text": "Duewa shows high-energy excitement with her friends at a birthday party but recognizes this behavior is inappropriate at temple. She is demonstrating a knowledge of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09862", "question_text": "Artificial intelligence and robotics in the United States are thus far largely unregulated. Do you see more regulations coming? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17839", "question_text": "A sociologist claims the probability that a person picked at random in Times Square in New York City is visiting the area is 0.83. You want to test to see if the claim is correct. State the null and alternative hypotheses.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5693}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06083", "question_text": "Find the length of a side of a cube having a mass of 1.0 kg and the density of nuclear matter.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04610", "question_text": "Starting with the definitions of momentum and kinetic energy, derive an equation for the kinetic energy of a particle expressed as a function of its momentum.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9945}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24237", "question_text": "Describe Alexander Hamilton\u00e2\u0080\u0099s plans to address the nation\u00e2\u0080\u0099s financial woes. Which aspects proved most controversial, and why? What elements of the foundation Hamilton laid can still be found in the system today?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9748}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08300", "question_text": "What is a difference between a PAC and a super PAC?    A. PACs can contribute directly to candidates, but super PACs cannot.   B. Conservative interests favor PACs over super PACs.   C. Contributions to PACs are unlimited, but restrictions have been placed on how much money can be contributed to super PACs.   D. Super PACS are much more likely to support incumbent candidates than are PACs.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5615}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08519", "question_text": "Four sources of law in the U.S. legal system are:    A. Constitutional law, criminal law, civil law, and maritime law.   B. Federal law, state law, international law, and maritime law.   C. Statutory law, case law, equity, and common law.   D. Constitutional law, judicial law, legislative law, and administrative law.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9857}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16379", "question_text": "Explain why the equivalent resistance of a parallel combination of resistors is always less than the smallest of the parallel resistors.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08143", "question_text": "You may have used a sonic range finder in lab to measure the distance of an object using a clicking sound from a sound transducer. What is the principle used in this device?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07834", "question_text": "A uniform cylindrical grindstone has a mass of 10 kg and a radius of 12 cm. (a) What is the rotational kinetic energy of the grindstone when it is rotating at 1.5\\ \\times \\ 10^{3}{\\text{rev}\\text{/}{\\text{min}?}} (b) After the grindstone\u2019s motor is turned off, a knife blade is pressed against the outer edge of the grindstone with a perpendicular force of 5.0 N. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the grindstone and the blade is 0.80. Use the work energy theorem to determine how many turns the grindstone makes before it stops.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13170", "question_text": "A promoter is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5759}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23872", "question_text": "Do you believe we have a true meritocracy in the United States? Why, or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22902", "question_text": "Ion channels and ion pumps are similar in that:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18503", "question_text": "Use the data in\u00e2\u0080\u009cMBB2019\u00e2\u0080\u009don every school that fielded an NCAA Division I men\u00e2\u0080\u0099s basketball team in the 2018\u00e2\u0080\u00932019 season, to create a histogram of the number of free throws made by each team (FT).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13114", "question_text": "The energy currency used by cells is _____.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9625}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03181", "question_text": "Which of the following gases diffuse more slowly than oxygen? F 2 , Ne, N 2 O, C 2 H 2 , NO, Cl 2 , H 2 S", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9717}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21538", "question_text": "Public opinion is important in global politics because:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16857", "question_text": "Summarize the four main hypotheses for the origin of the Moon.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11230", "question_text": "The first organisms that oxygenated the atmosphere were", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4581}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01035", "question_text": "\\frac{1}{3}(6m + 21) = m - 7", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9015}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24973", "question_text": "The following are the type of awards that may be issued by an arbitrator:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9342}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26664", "question_text": "The nurse is teaching an adult client how to maintain good gut bacteria. Which foods would be appropriate for the client to include in their diet to maintain good gut bacteria?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6677}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19976", "question_text": "Describe tools used in web analytics to collect data.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12097", "question_text": "Ion pumps and phagocytosis are both examples of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9337}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24436", "question_text": "What system did the direct primary replace? candidate selection by secret ballotscandidate selection by machine bossescandidate selection by convention delegatesan indirect primary", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7664}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18545", "question_text": "You purchase 15 tomatoes that weigh 100 grams each. If tomatoes cost $1.18 per kilogram, how much did you pay?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9755}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16418", "question_text": "What is the resistance in the circuit below if the voltage source is a 9.0 V battery and the current is 0.25 A?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9606}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07003", "question_text": "Why should you not connect an ammeter directly across a voltage source as shown below?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9358}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05934", "question_text": "What decreases the tunneling probability most: doubling the barrier width or halving the kinetic energy of the incident particle?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6258}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12293", "question_text": "How many bones are there in the upper limbs combined?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9028}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06988", "question_text": "A battery with an emf of 24.00 V delivers a constant current of 2.00 mA to an appliance. How much work does the battery do in three minutes?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9935}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14494", "question_text": "Write the balanced cell reaction for the cell schematic below, calculate the standard cell potential, and note whether the reaction is spontaneous under standard state conditions. Cu(s)\u00e2\u0094\u0082Cu2+(aq)\u00e2\u0095\u0091Au3+(aq)\u00e2\u0094\u0082Au(s)Cu(s)\u00e2\u0094\u0082Cu2+(aq)\u00e2\u0095\u0091Au3+(aq)\u00e2\u0094\u0082Au(s)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17243", "question_text": "How does the equivalence principle lead us to suspect that spacetime might be curved?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9854}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03988", "question_text": "In many casinos, a person buys chips to use for gambling. Within the casino's walls, customers often can use these chips to buy food and drink or even a hotel room. Do chips in a gambling casino serve all three functions of money?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7921}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07634", "question_text": "A boater and motor boat are at rest on a lake. Together, they have mass 200.0 kg. If the thrust of the motor is a constant force of 40.0 N in the direction of motion, and if the resistive force of the water is numerically equivalent to 2 times the speed _v_ of the boat, set up and solve the differential equation to find: (a) the velocity of the boat at time _t_ ; (b) the limiting velocity (the velocity after a long time has passed).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05027", "question_text": "A copper wire has a resistance of 0\\text{.}\\text{500}\\ \\Omega at \\text{20}\\text{.}0\u00ba\\text{C} , and an iron wire has a resistance of 0\\text{.}\\text{525}\\ \\Omega at the same temperature. At what temperature are their resistances equal?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8349}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04252", "question_text": "[LO 9.1](9-1-explain-the-revenue-recognition-principle-and-how-it-relates-to- current-and-future-sales-and-purchase-transactions) If a customer pays with a credit card and the service has been provided, which of the following accounts will be used to record the sales entry for this transaction?    A. Cost of Goods Sold, Merchandise Inventory, Sales Revenue   B. Sales Revenue, Credit Card Expense, Accounts Receivable   C. Accounts Receivable, Merchandise Inventory, Credit Card Expense   D. Cost of Goods Sold, Credit Card Expense, Sales Revenue", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9885}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04516", "question_text": "Calculate the deceleration of a snow boarder going up a 5.0\u00ba , slope assuming the coefficient of friction for waxed wood on wet snow. The result of [Exercise 5.9](5-problems-exercises#fs-id1395614) may be useful, but be careful to consider the fact that the snow boarder is going uphill. Explicitly show how you follow the steps in [Problem-Solving Strategies](4-6-problem- solving-strategies) .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05093", "question_text": "Integrated Concepts If you wish to take a picture of a bullet traveling at 500 m/s, then a very brief flash of light produced by an \\text{RC}{} discharge through a flash tube can limit blurring. Assuming 1.00 mm of motion during one \\text{RC}{} constant is acceptable, and given that the flash is driven by a \\text{600-\u03bcF} capacitor, what is the resistance in the flash tube?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06218", "question_text": "What is a disadvantage of the _National Crime Victimization Survey_ (NCVS)?    A. The NCVS doesn\u2019t include demographic data, such as age or gender.   B. The NCVS may be unable to reach important groups, such as those without phones.   C. The NCVS doesn\u2019t address the relationship between the criminal and the victim.   D. The NCVS only includes information collected by police officers.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16341", "question_text": "Increasing the distance by a factor of two from a point charge will change the potential by a factor of how much?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15612", "question_text": "Define the fields of magnetism and electricity and state how are they are related.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22919", "question_text": "The purpose of ascorbic acid inside of the synaptic vesicles is to:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13072", "question_text": "Why is brown fat important?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14932", "question_text": "Whenever a helicopter has two sets of lifting blades, they rotate in opposite directions (and there will be no tail propeller). Explain why it is best to have the blades rotate in opposite directions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9848}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26185", "question_text": "LO8.1What two components are needed to determine a standard for materials?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9872}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24758", "question_text": "What is an extrinsic value?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9554}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10497", "question_text": "Who stood to gain from the Tariff of Abominations, and who expected to lose by it?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9681}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24029", "question_text": "What examples of evidence of postcolonial identities are in your communities?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9149}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14346", "question_text": "Calculate the concentration of F\u00e2\u0080\u0093required to begin precipitation of CaF2in a solution that is 0.010Min Ca2+.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04210", "question_text": "[LO 7.2](7-2-describe-and-explain-the-purpose-of-special-journals-and-their- importance-to-stakeholders) An unhappy customer just returned $50 of the items he purchased yesterday when he charged the goods to the company\u2019s store credit card. Which special journal would the company use to record this transaction?    A. sales journal   B. purchases journal   C. cash receipts journal   D. cash disbursements journal   E. general journal", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9722}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08404", "question_text": "Determine whether the following function is increasing or decreasing. f(x) = 7x\\mspace{9mu} + \\mspace{9mu} 9", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.858}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11837", "question_text": "Although interferons have several effects, they are particularly useful against infections with which type of pathogen?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9904}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15961", "question_text": "Which statement best explains why accelerating a car from20mphto40mphquadruples its kinetic energy?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7655}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08913", "question_text": "Mature mRNA from a eukaryote would contain each of these features except which of the following?    A. exon-encoded RNA   B. intron-encoded RNA   C. 5\u2019 cap   D. 3\u2019 poly-A tail", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26142", "question_text": "LO5.5What is different between the journal entries for process costing and that of job order costing?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15603", "question_text": "The free-electron model of metals explains some of the important behaviors of metals by assuming the metal\u00e2\u0080\u0099s electrons move freely through the metal without repelling one another. In what sense is the free-electron theory based on a model?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.909}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19708", "question_text": "What are non-technical countermeasures in cybersecurity?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13864", "question_text": "Iodine, I2, is a solid at room temperature but sublimes (converts from a solid into a gas) when warmed. What is the temperature in a 73.3-mL bulb that contains 0.292 g of I2vapor at a pressure of 0.462 atm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24546", "question_text": "What did Roosevelt mean to achieve with his demand for Germany and Japan\u00e2\u0080\u0099s unconditional surrender?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9895}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06910", "question_text": "What is the maximum capacitance you can get by connecting three 1.0\\text{-}\\mu\\text{F} capacitors? What is the minimum capacitance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22611", "question_text": "Which group of workers tends to feel most positively toward their employer and report the least amount of stress at work?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04031", "question_text": "In a country, private savings equals 600, the government budget surplus equals 200, and the trade surplus equals \u00a4. What is the level of private investment in this economy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9419}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03188", "question_text": "Graphs showing the behavior of several different gases follow. Which of these gases exhibit behavior significantly different from that expected for ideal gases?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9565}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08575", "question_text": "How does the FDA fulfill its role?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8861}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05981", "question_text": "How is a Blu-Ray player able to read more information that a CD player?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9584}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01449", "question_text": "\\sqrt{\\frac{72q^{8}}{2q^{4}}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15909", "question_text": "Two objects having equal masses and speeds collide with each other and come to rest. What type of a collision is this and why?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8921}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24501", "question_text": "Who was the Republican presidential nominee for the 1920 election? Calvin CoolidgeWoodrow WilsonWarren HardingJames Cox", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13318", "question_text": "How many significant figures are contained in each of the following measurements? (a) 38.7 g (b) 2\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u00971018m (c) 3,486,002 kg (d) 9.74150\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00924J (e) 0.0613 cm3 (f) 17.0 kg (g) 0.01400 g/mL", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9899}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23163", "question_text": "Which brain region is enlarged in male rats due to early exposure to testosterone?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8533}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17001", "question_text": "How does activity on the Sun affect natural phenomena on Earth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9668}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01827", "question_text": "9.413\\ \\times \\ 10^{-5}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.849}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05930", "question_text": "Is it possible that when we measure the energy of a quantum particle in a box, the measurement may return a smaller value than the ground state energy? What is the highest value of the energy that we can measure for this particle?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10536", "question_text": "Which of the following is _not_ a reason why many people opposed Lincoln\u2019s reelection in 1864?    A. He appeared to have overstepped his authority by suspending the writ of habeas corpus.   B. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation.   C. He had replaced General George B. McClellan.   D. He was seen as a power-hungry dictator.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.739}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17315", "question_text": "What evidence do we have that the luminous central region of a quasar is small and compact?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17759", "question_text": "Find the 80thpercentile for the total length of time 64 batteries last.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17324", "question_text": "How are distant (young) galaxies different from the galaxies that we see in the universe today?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02540", "question_text": "f(x) = 6\\sin\\left( {3x - \\frac{\\pi}{6}} \\right) - 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5072}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16728", "question_text": "What distinguishes one type of electromagnetic radiation from another? What are the main categories (or bands) of the electromagnetic spectrum?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9844}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00896", "question_text": "\\frac{\\frac{2}{3}}{\\frac{8}{9}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7903}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03304", "question_text": "Some bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic penicillin because they produce penicillinase, an enzyme with a molecular weight of 3 \\times 10 4 g/mol that converts penicillin into inactive molecules. Although the kinetics of enzyme- catalyzed reactions can be complex, at low concentrations this reaction can be described by a rate law that is first order in the catalyst (penicillinase) and that also involves the concentration of penicillin. From the following data: 1.0 L of a solution containing 0.15 \u00b5g (0.15 \\times 10 \u22126 g) of penicillinase, determine the order of the reaction with respect to penicillin and the value of the rate constant.   [Penicillin] (_M_) | Rate (mol L\u22121 min\u22121)   ---|---   2.0 \u00d7\u00d7 10\u22126 | 1.0 \u00d7\u00d7 10\u221210   3.0 \u00d7\u00d7 10\u22126 | 1.5 \u00d7\u00d7 10\u221210   4.0 \u00d7\u00d7 10\u22126 | 2.0 \u00d7\u00d7 10\u221210", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9135}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20646", "question_text": "The United States currently uses a voting system called \u00e2\u0080\u009cfirst past the post\u00e2\u0080\u009d in elections, meaning that the candidate with the most votes wins. What are some of the problems with a \u00e2\u0080\u009cfirst past the post\u00e2\u0080\u009d system?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9281}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05067", "question_text": "An automobile starter motor has an equivalent resistance of 0\\text{.}\\text{0500}\\,\\Omega and is supplied by a 12.0-V battery with a 0\\text{.}\\text{0100-\u03a9} internal resistance. (a) What is the current to the motor? (b) What voltage is applied to it? (c) What power is supplied to the motor? (d) Repeat these calculations for when the battery connections are corroded and add 0\\text{.}\\text{0900}\\,\\Omega to the circuit. (Significant problems are caused by even small amounts of unwanted resistance in low- voltage, high-current applications.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21451", "question_text": "Which term is most closely associated with \u00e2\u0080\u009ccountry\u00e2\u0080\u009d?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9863}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13272", "question_text": "Compared to separate sexes and assuming self-fertilizing is not possible, what might be one advantage and one disadvantage to hermaphroditism?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7352}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26238", "question_text": "LO9.3Describe the concept of a profit center and, using a specific organization, give an example of how this might be used to achieve the strategic goals of the organization.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9323}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19932", "question_text": "What repository is used to store structured and unstructured data and isnotsize dependent?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03622", "question_text": "What mass of 2-bromopropane could be prepared from 25.5 g of propene? Assume a 100% yield of product.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12745", "question_text": "Cocaine use causes vasoconstriction. Is this likely to increase or decrease blood pressure, and why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19307", "question_text": "TheTIOBE Indexis a ranking of the popularity of programming languages. How does the popularity of C, Java, and Python compare? Why do you think that is?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10543", "question_text": "Which of the following does _not_ represent a group that participated significantly in westward migration after 1870?    A. African American \u201cexodusters\u201d escaping racism and seeking economic opportunities   B. former Southern slaveholders seeking land and new financial opportunities   C. recent immigrants from Northern Europe and Canada   D. recent Chinese immigrants seeking gold in California", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6606}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16388", "question_text": "Can all resistor combinations be reduced to series and parallel combinations?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6288}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17702", "question_text": "If the area to the left ofxin a normal distribution is 0.123, what is the area to the right ofx?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9615}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23644", "question_text": "Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Mike is living in:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4889}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24014", "question_text": "How do social movements achieve social change? What methods do they use? Which ones seem to be most effective?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9245}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01442", "question_text": "\\sqrt{y^{19}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7842}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10193", "question_text": "65 is what percent of 260?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7417}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25409", "question_text": "LLCs offer flexible tax treatment, meaning ________. they can be taxed like corporationthey can be taxed like partnershipsthey can be taxed like proprietorshipsAll choices are correct.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9343}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13233", "question_text": "Sessile adult tunicates lose the notochord; what does this suggest about one function of this structure?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05678", "question_text": "**Unreasonable Results** A boy has a near point of 50 cm and a far point of 500 cm. Will a \u22124.00 D lens correct his far point to infinity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.942}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13817", "question_text": "A useful solvent that will dissolve salts as well as organic compounds is the compound acetonitrile, H3CCN. It is present in paint strippers. (a) Write the Lewis structure for acetonitrile, and indicate the direction of the dipole moment in the molecule. (b) Identify the hybrid orbitals used by the carbon atoms in the molecule to form \u00cf\u0083 bonds. (c) Describe the atomic orbitals that form the \u00cf\u0080 bonds in the molecule. Note that it is not necessary to hybridize the nitrogen atom.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8877}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07228", "question_text": "A solenoid with 4x10^{7} turns/m has an iron core placed in it whose magnetic susceptibility is 4.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{3} . (a) If a current of 2.0 A flows through the solenoid, what is the magnetic field in the iron core? (b) What is the effective surface current formed by the aligned atomic current loops in the iron core? (c) What is the self-inductance of the filled solenoid?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5667}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01108", "question_text": "The length of a rectangle is 36 feet and the width is 19 feet. Find the \u24d0 perimeter \u24d1 area.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06778", "question_text": "Consider an electron that is 10^{-10}\\ \\text{m} from an alpha particle (q = 3.2\\ \\times \\ 10^{-19}\\ \\text{C}). (a) What is the electric field due to the alpha particle at the location of the electron? (b) What is the electric field due to the electron at the location of the alpha particle? (c) What is the electric force on the alpha particle? On the electron?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9171}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25437", "question_text": "If you were to start a small business, what would it be and what kind of resources would you need to get started?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10437", "question_text": "Why did Columbus believe he could get to the Far East by sailing west? What were the problems with this plan?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9289}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06055", "question_text": "Suppose that the cross-sectional area of the strip (the area of the face perpendicular to the electric current) presented to the in the preceding problem is 1\\ \\text{mm}^{2} and the current is independently measured to be 2 mA. What is the number density of the charge carriers?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08864", "question_text": "For this indirect method of estimating the growth of a culture, you measure ________ using a spectrophotometer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11281", "question_text": "A marine biologist analyzing water samples notices a protist with a calcium carbonate shell that moves by pseudopodia extension. The protist is likely to be closely related to which species?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06386", "question_text": "What are the three patentability criteria for a design patent?    A. Novelty, utility, and non-obviousness.   B. Novelty, beauty, and non-obviousness.   C. Novelty, ornamentality, and non-obviousness.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09415", "question_text": "If f(-1) = -6 and f(1) = 2, then there exists at least one point x \\in \\left\\lbrack {-1,1} \\right\\rbrack such that f^{\\prime}(x) = 4.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01642", "question_text": "-12n + 5 = 8n,n = - \\frac{5}{4}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5443}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19785", "question_text": "How can analyzing the business processes of an information system help an organization identify potential areas for improvement and gain a competitive advantage?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9593}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08521", "question_text": "What is an Unfair Trade Practice and which Administrative Agency regulates it?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9061}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16982", "question_text": "Why do iron meteorites represent a much higher percentage of finds than of falls?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08924", "question_text": "Which is the mechanism by which improper excision of a prophage from a bacterial chromosome results in packaging of bacterial genes near the integration site into a phage head?    A. conjugation   B. generalized transduction   C. specialized transduction   D. transformation", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7571}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18132", "question_text": "The _____ ___ __________ is a valid logical argument with premises,p\u00e2\u0086\u0092qandp, used to support the conclusion,q.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9796}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21160", "question_text": "Which of the following rules has the Supreme Court said is anundue burdenon the right to have an abortion?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6447}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09589", "question_text": "[LO 9.3](9-3-describe-the-types-of-responsibility-centers) A responsibility center structure that considers investments made by the operating segments by using a common cost of capital percentage is called ________.    A. return on investment   B. residual income   C. a profit center   D. a discretionary cost center", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9927}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15490", "question_text": "Suppose one food irradiation plant uses a137Cs137Cssource while another uses an equal activity of60Co60Co. Assuming equal fractions of the\u00ce\u00b3\u00ce\u00b3rays from the sources are absorbed, why is more time needed to get the same dose using the137Cs137Cssource?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9318}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02841", "question_text": "As an instructor is preparing for an experiment, he requires 225 g phosphoric acid. The only container readily available is a 150-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Is it large enough to contain the acid, whose density is 1.83 g/mL?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9037}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25048", "question_text": "What recourse does the FTC have if an individual or company engages in an unfair trade practice?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9955}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03219", "question_text": "What phase changes will take place when water is subjected to varying pressure at a constant temperature of 0.005 \u00b0C? At 40 \u00b0C? At \u221240 \u00b0C?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05412", "question_text": "Find the radius of a hydrogen atom in the n = 2 state according to Bohr\u2019s theory.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22517", "question_text": "Write an essay examining the development of gender identity in middle childhood. Discuss how children\u00e2\u0080\u0099s understanding of gender norms evolves during this period and how societal expectations, media, and peer interactions influence their gender identity. Provide examples of how children might challenge or reinforce gender stereotypes and discuss the implications for their overall self-concept.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8446}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22708", "question_text": "According to Valliant\u00e2\u0080\u0099s theory of successful aging, which two behaviors are considered mature defense mechanisms for coping with the anxiety produced by the challenges of adult development?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22817", "question_text": "The term \u00e2\u0080\u009cexcess mortality\u00e2\u0080\u009d refers to what aspect of death, statistically?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9896}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13364", "question_text": "Predict and test the behavior of \u00ce\u00b1 particles fired at a \u00e2\u0080\u009cplum pudding\u00e2\u0080\u009d model atom. (a) Predict the paths taken by \u00ce\u00b1 particles that are fired at atoms with a Thomson\u00e2\u0080\u0099s plum pudding model structure. Explain why you expect the \u00ce\u00b1 particles to take these paths. (b) If \u00ce\u00b1 particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at plum pudding atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy \u00ce\u00b1 particle paths. Explain your reasoning. (c) Now test your predictions from (a) and (b). Open theRutherford Scattering simulationand select the \u00e2\u0080\u009cPlum Pudding Atom\u00e2\u0080\u009d tab. Set \u00e2\u0080\u009cAlpha Particles Energy\u00e2\u0080\u009d to \u00e2\u0080\u009cmin,\u00e2\u0080\u009d and select \u00e2\u0080\u009cshow traces.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Click on the gun to start firing \u00ce\u00b1 particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Hit the pause button, or \u00e2\u0080\u009cReset All.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Set \u00e2\u0080\u009cAlpha Particles Energy\u00e2\u0080\u009d to \u00e2\u0080\u009cmax,\u00e2\u0080\u009d and start firing \u00ce\u00b1 particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual paths as shown in the simulation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9324}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19902", "question_text": "How do regulations such as GDPR and CCPA impact the social responsibility of enterprises and IT professionals developing web and IoT technology?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9875}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24021", "question_text": "How does accumulated wealth create systems of social inequality?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8544}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18664", "question_text": "Determine if Graph 3 is isomorphic to Graph 4. If so, identify a correspondence between the vertices which demonstrates the isomorphism. If not, identify at least two characteristics that verifies this.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7017}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06380", "question_text": "To meet the requirement for utility, which of the following must an invention do?    A. Work or function as intended.   B. Be of some benefit to society.   C. Be a worthwhile product, process, or composition of matter.   D. All of the above.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6826}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14043", "question_text": "A 13.0% solution of K2CO3by mass has a density of 1.09 g/cm3. Calculate the molality of the solution.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03576", "question_text": "How many grams of Epsom salts (MgSO 4 \u22c57H 2 O) will form from 5.0 kg of magnesium?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6608}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17594", "question_text": "Which type of distribution does the graph illustrate? Figure5.38", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9593}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20355", "question_text": "What is a \u00e2\u0080\u009cprice taker\u00e2\u0080\u009d firm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12037", "question_text": "Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4676}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17875", "question_text": "What symbol represents the random variable for this test?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21667", "question_text": "Horse-race coverage focuses on:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9886}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19157", "question_text": "y\u00e2\u0080\u00b3\u00e2\u0088\u00922y\u00e2\u0080\u00b2+10y=4xy\u00e2\u0080\u00b3\u00e2\u0088\u00922y\u00e2\u0080\u00b2+10y=4x", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6374}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11438", "question_text": "What are the different ways in which nematodes can reproduce?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17232", "question_text": "Astronomers believe there are something like 100 million neutron stars in the Galaxy, yet we have only found about 2000 pulsars in the Milky Way. Give several reasons these numbers are so different. Explain each reason.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9084}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14809", "question_text": "A rock is thrown straight up. What is the net external force acting on the rock when it is at the top of its trajectory?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9946}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21358", "question_text": "Which of the following is a check that the legislative branch has over the courts?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9939}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26875", "question_text": "A nurse is providing education to a client who has a new prescription for verapamil. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which beverage when taking verapamil?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25530", "question_text": "Evaluate alternatives and incentives that companies/marketers can offer customers to manage the speed of shipping while reducing the carbon footprint.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20182", "question_text": "What is globalization? How do you think it might have affected the economy over the past decade?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02354", "question_text": "g(x) = f(x - 1)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8515}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07525", "question_text": "Two ropes are attached to a tree, and forces of \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{F}}_{1} = 2.0\\mathbf{\\hat{i}} + 4.0\\mathbf{\\hat{j}}\\ \\text{N} and \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{F}}_{2} = 3.0\\mathbf{\\hat{i}} + 6.0\\mathbf{\\hat{j}}\\ \\text{N} are applied. The forces are coplanar (in the same plane). (a) What is the resultant (net force) of these two force vectors? (b) Find the magnitude and direction of this net force.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9868}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07119", "question_text": "The coil whose lengthwise cross section is shown in the accompanying figure carries a current _I_ and has _N_ evenly spaced turns distributed along the length l. Evaluate {\\oint\\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}}} \\cdot d\\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{l}} for the paths indicated.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9193}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01670", "question_text": "x \\geq -2.5", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4333}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23942", "question_text": "Children in peripheral nations have little to no daily access to computers and the Internet, while children in core nations are constantly exposed to this technology. This is an example of:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20415", "question_text": "How can a monopolistic competitor tell whether the price it is charging will cause the firm to earn profits or experience losses?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8699}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10917", "question_text": "A gene that codes for a positive cell-cycle regulator is called a(n) _____.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7821}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23844", "question_text": "Besides voting, how can U.S. citizens influence political processes and outcomes? Which of these strategies have you personally used?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9615}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11930", "question_text": "Which of the following is associated with the reproductive potential of a species?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06993", "question_text": "Consider a resistor made from a hollow cylinder of carbon as shown below. The inner radius of the cylinder is R_{i} = 0.20\\ \\text{mm} and the outer radius is R_{0} = 0.30\\ \\text{mm} . The length of the resistor is L = 0.90\\ \\text{mm} . The resistivity of the carbon is \\rho = 3.5\\ \\times \\ 10^{-5}\\ \\text{\u03a9}\\ \\cdot \\text{m} . (a) Prove that the resistance perpendicular from the axis is R = \\frac{\\rho}{2\\pi L}\\text{ln}{\\left( \\frac{R_{0}}{R_{i}} \\right).} (b) What is the resistance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15032", "question_text": "How does the latent heat of fusion of water help slow the decrease of air temperatures, perhaps preventing temperatures from falling significantly below0\u00c2\u00baC0\u00c2\u00baC, in the vicinity of large bodies of water?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07429", "question_text": "A particle moves in a straight line at a constant velocity of 30 m/s. What is its displacement between t = 0 and t = 5.0 s?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9125}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08386", "question_text": "Find the absolute maximum of the function graphed in [Figure 3](1-review- exercises#Figure_01_07_219) .  Figure 3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9591}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26478", "question_text": "Suppose that you have at your disposal the information below for each of 30 drivers.  Propose a model (including a very brief indication of symbols used to represent independent variables) to explain how miles per gallon vary from driver to driver on the basis of the factors measured. Information:miles driven per dayweight of carnumber of cylinders in caraverage speedmiles per gallonnumber of passengers", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24002", "question_text": "If you could choose to practice a mode of subsistence for just one year, which one would it be? What would be the advantages and disadvantages of your choice?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9821}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04670", "question_text": "While exercising in a fitness center, a man lies face down on a bench and lifts a weight with one lower leg by contacting the muscles in the back of the upper leg. (a) Find the angular acceleration produced given the mass lifted is 10.0 kg at a distance of 28.0 cm from the knee joint, the moment of inertia of the lower leg is \\text{0.900 kg}{\\cdot \\text{m}^{2}} , the muscle force is 1500 N, and its effective perpendicular lever arm is 3.00 cm. (b) How much work is done if the leg rotates through an angle of \\text{20.0\u00ba} with a constant force exerted by the muscle?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18323", "question_text": "Evaluate the functionf(x)=x2\u00e2\u0088\u00923x+21at the valuesf(\u00e2\u0088\u00922),f(\u00e2\u0088\u00921),f(0),(1), andf(2).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04688", "question_text": "What depth of mercury creates a pressure of 1.00 atm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00799", "question_text": "The area of region enclosed by one petal of r = \\text{cos}\\left( {4\\theta} \\right).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5397}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14410", "question_text": "Which of the following compounds, when dissolved in a 0.01-Msolution of HClO4, has a solubility greater than in pure water: AgBr, BaF2, Ca3(PO4)2, ZnS, PbI2? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17349", "question_text": "What is dark energy and what evidence do astronomers have that it is an important component of the universe?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9771}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18958", "question_text": "A legend from India tells that a mathematician invented chess for a king. The king enjoyed the game so much he allowed the mathematician to demand any payment. The mathematician asked for one grain of rice for the first square on the chessboard, two grains of rice for the second square on the chessboard, four grains of rice for the third square on the chessboard, and so on. Find an exact expression for the total payment (in grains of rice) requested by the mathematician. Assuming there are30,00030,000grains of rice in11pound, and20002000pounds in11ton, how many tons of rice did the mathematician attempt to receive?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10054", "question_text": "5\\frac{8}{11} + 2\\frac{4}{11}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5152}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01878", "question_text": "a^{2} + 14a + 33", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9161}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24697", "question_text": "What is a statement?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8044}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10142", "question_text": "Three friends went out to dinner and agreed to split the bill evenly. The bill was \\text{\\$79.35}. How much should each person pay?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7907}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09376", "question_text": "The larval forms of a tapeworm are known as ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4736}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25092", "question_text": "How would you explain the concept of an entrepreneurial vision to your college roommate who is a history major?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6394}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06975", "question_text": "A resistor is placed in a circuit with an adjustable voltage source. The voltage across and the current through the resistor and the measurements are shown below. Estimate the resistance of the resistor.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9833}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17421", "question_text": "Is a sample size of 1,000 a reliable measure for a population of 5,000?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5629}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11756", "question_text": "What are the major differences between the pelvic girdle and the pectoral girdle that allow the pelvic girdle to bear the weight of the body?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12517", "question_text": "What type of receptor cell is involved in the sensations of sound and balance?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7844}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07450", "question_text": "A particle moving at constant acceleration has velocities of 2.0\\ \\text{m/s} at t = 2.0 s and - 7.6\\ \\text{m/s} at t = 5.2 s. What is the acceleration of the particle?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4277}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07568", "question_text": "Hanging from the ceiling over a baby bed, well out of baby\u2019s reach, is a string with plastic shapes, as shown here. The string is taut (there is no slack), as shown by the straight segments. Each plastic shape has the same mass _m_ , and they are equally spaced by a distance _d_ , as shown. The angles labeled \\theta describe the angle formed by the end of the string and the ceiling at each end. The center length of sting is horizontal. The remaining two segments each form an angle with the horizontal, labeled \\phi . Let T_{1} be the tension in the leftmost section of the string, T_{2} be the tension in the section adjacent to it, and T_{3} be the tension in the horizontal segment. (a) Find an equation for the tension in each section of the string in terms of the variables _m_ , _g_ , and \\theta . (b) Find the angle \\phi in terms of the angle \\theta . (c) If \\theta = 5.10\\text{\u00b0} , what is the value of \\phi ? (d) Find the distance _x_ between the endpoints in terms of _d_ and \\theta .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8019}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13545", "question_text": "What volume of 0.600MHCl is required to react completely with 2.50 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate?NaHCO3(aq)+HCl(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6NaCl(aq)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)NaHCO3(aq)+HCl(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6NaCl(aq)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13182", "question_text": "Describe two of the applications for genome mapping.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02272", "question_text": "Write the number in standard notation: 3.1415\\mspace{9mu} \\times \\mspace{9mu} 10^{6}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.877}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23279", "question_text": "During which stage of sleep are frequent eye movements observed?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9767}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19076", "question_text": "lim(x,y)\u00e2\u0086\u0092(0,0)4xyx\u00e2\u0088\u00922y2lim(x,y)\u00e2\u0086\u0092(0,0)4xyx\u00e2\u0088\u00922y2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5792}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11550", "question_text": "________ is a useful method of asexual reproduction for propagating hard-to-root plants.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18930", "question_text": "You drop a ball with a mass of55kilograms out an airplane window at a height of50005000m. How long does it take for the ball to reach the ground?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15169", "question_text": "How is theIRIRdrop in a resistor similar to the pressure drop in a fluid flowing through a pipe?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9798}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27081", "question_text": "The nurse is caring for a client who has an upper respiratory illness but is getting ready to travel by plane. Which medication should the nurse anticipate being prescribed to minimize ear-related problems during the flight?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9938}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09609", "question_text": "[LO 10.3](10-3-evaluate-and-determine-whether-to-make-or-buy-a-component) ________ is the act of using another company to provide goods or services that your company requires.    A. Allocating   B. Outsourcing   C. Segmenting   D. Leasing", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5837}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03328", "question_text": "If the concentrations of products and reactants are equal, is the system at equilibrium?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9373}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06323", "question_text": "The Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) is an example of ________________    A. the social construction of health   B. medicalization   C. disability accommodations   D. a contested illness", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21076", "question_text": "How do you think Americans would feel if other countries began to urge the United States to increase environmental standards?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00761", "question_text": "x^{2} = y^{2} + z^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6475}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11307", "question_text": "What term describes the close association of a fungus with the root of a tree?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9103}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24047", "question_text": "In your society, do men and women live in different subcultures? In what contexts are women and men segregated, either formally or informally? What forms of social interaction and bonding occur in those situations? What might be the function of the gendered subcultures found in many societies?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19791", "question_text": "How does the \u00e2\u0080\u009cconnecting products to connect customers\u00e2\u0080\u009d approach contribute to digital innovation, as demonstrated by Microsoft\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Windows operating system?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9903}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16442", "question_text": "What doesemfstand for?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8432}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25276", "question_text": "What is an SBA loan?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26087", "question_text": "LO3.1Define and explain contribution margin on a per unit basis.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6472}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10219", "question_text": "29 + 0 = 29", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7646}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12637", "question_text": "Define hyperthyroidism and explain why one of its symptoms is weight loss.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14651", "question_text": "On a microscopic level, how does the reaction of bromine with an alkene differ from its reaction with an alkyne? How are they similar?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12971", "question_text": "Why are people with female reproductive systems more likely to contract bladder infections than people with male reproductive systems?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08948", "question_text": "A small DNA molecule that has the ability to independently excise from one location in a larger DNA molecule and integrate into the DNA elsewhere is called a ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.796}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13787", "question_text": "A molecule with the formula AB3, in which A and B represent different atoms, could have one of three different shapes. Sketch and name the three different shapes that this molecule might have. Give an example of a molecule or ion that has each shape.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20960", "question_text": "What are the main categories of U.S. federal government taxes?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17271", "question_text": "The globular clusters revolve around the Galaxy in highly elliptical orbits. Where would you expect the clusters to spend most of their time? (Think of Kepler\u00e2\u0080\u0099s laws.) At any given time, would you expect most globular clusters to be moving at high or low speeds with respect to the center of the Galaxy? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8465}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06185", "question_text": "A sociologist conducts research into the ways that Hispanic American students are historically underprivileged in the U.S. education system. What theoretical approach is the sociologist Using?    A. Symbolic interactionism   B. Functionalism   C. Conflict theory   D. Ethnocentrism", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19509", "question_text": "What is a debugger?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9769}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16465", "question_text": "Consider four stars in the night sky: red, yellow, orange, and blue. The photons of which star will carry the greatest amount of energy?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23521", "question_text": "Which of the following is true regarding U.S. socialization of recent high school graduates?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9694}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13009", "question_text": "Carbonic acid levels are controlled through the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14839", "question_text": "There is an analogy between rotational and linear physical quantities. What rotational quantities are analogous to distance and velocity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07117", "question_text": "Two flat, circular coils, each with a radius _R_ and wound with _N_ turns, are mounted along the same axis so that they are parallel a distance _d_ apart. What is the magnetic field at the midpoint of the common axis if a current _I_ flows in the same direction through each coil?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23731", "question_text": "What is the primary driver of modernization theory?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8165}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14680", "question_text": "How does hybridization of the substituted carbon atom change when an alcohol is converted into an aldehyde? An aldehyde to a carboxylic acid?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14747", "question_text": "What determines the validity of a theory?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9123}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00773", "question_text": "{\\int\\limits_{1}^{4}{\\mathbf{\\text{u}}(t)dt}}, with \\mathbf{\\text{u}}(t) = \\left\\langle {\\frac{\\text{ln}(t)}{t},\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{t}},\\text{sin}\\left( \\frac{t\\pi}{4} \\right)} \\right\\rangle", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9781}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18648", "question_text": "When the city of Cocoa annexed an adjacent unincorporated community, the number of seats on the city council was increased to maintain the standard ratio of citizens to seats, but one existing community of Cocoa still lost a seat on the city council to another existing community of Cocoa when the new community was added. Is this scenario an example of a quota rule violation, the Alabama paradox, the population paradox, the new-states paradox, or none of these?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9909}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20018", "question_text": "What is the importance of research in innovation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13642", "question_text": "Why is the electron in a Bohr hydrogen atom bound less tightly when it has a quantum number of 3 than when it has a quantum number of 1?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5476}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25952", "question_text": "LO12.4What business circumstance could bring about a short-term note payable created from a purchase?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6295}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26371", "question_text": "FindP(musician is a man\u00e2\u0088\u00a9\u00e2\u0088\u00a9had private instruction).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08248", "question_text": "Which of the following is _not_ an agent of political socialization?    A. a family member   B. a religious leader   C. a teacher   D. a U.S. senator", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9882}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24686", "question_text": "What are the advantages and disadvantages of a contextualist approach to the history of philosophy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7486}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20680", "question_text": "What is capital deepening?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12650", "question_text": "Compare and contrast the thymus gland in infancy and adulthood.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14972", "question_text": "Marbles dropped into a partially filled bathtub sink to the bottom. Part of their weight is supported by buoyant force, yet the downward force on the bottom of the tub increases by exactly the weight of the marbles. Explain why.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24267", "question_text": "How did most White people in the United States view Native Americans in the 1820s? as savagesas being in touch with natureas enslaved peopleas shamans", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17350", "question_text": "Thinking about the ideas of space and time in Einstein\u00e2\u0080\u0099s general theory of relativity, how do we explain the fact that all galaxies outside our Local Group show a redshift?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6653}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06112", "question_text": "The _Galileo_ space probe was launched on its long journey past Venus and Earth in 1989, with an ultimate goal of Jupiter. Its power source is 11.0 kg of {}^{238}\\text{Pu}, a by-product of nuclear weapons plutonium production. Electrical energy is generated thermoelectrically from the heat produced when the 5.59-MeV \\alpha particles emitted in each decay crash to a halt inside the plutonium and its shielding. The half-life of {}^{238}\\text{Pu} is 87.7 years. (a) What was the original activity of the {}^{238}\\text{Pu} in becquerels? (b) What power was emitted in kilowatts? (c) What power was emitted 12.0 y after launch? You may neglect any extra energy from daughter nuclides and any losses from escaping \\gamma rays.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14772", "question_text": "Suppose you throw a rock nearly straight up at a coconut in a palm tree, and the rock misses on the way up but hits the coconut on the way down. Neglecting air resistance, how does the speed of the rock when it hits the coconut on the way down compare with what it would have been if it had hit the coconut on the way up? Is it more likely to dislodge the coconut on the way up or down? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4811}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09830", "question_text": "True or false? Children are discerning viewers of television advertising.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9936}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24003", "question_text": "Why is egalitarianism so prominent in one form of subsistence and less prominent in others? How could egalitarian behavior be encouraged in industrial and postindustrial societies?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23098", "question_text": "Pain and touch:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.863}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03838", "question_text": "What might some of the negatives of deregulation be?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9954}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23619", "question_text": "Occupational prestige means that jobs are:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06849", "question_text": "The infinite slab between the planes defined by z = \\text{\u2212}{a\\text{/}2} and z = {a\\text{/}2} contains a uniform volume charge density \\rho (see below). What is the electric field produced by this charge distribution, both inside and outside the distribution?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6133}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05256", "question_text": "A student\u2019s eyes, while reading the blackboard, have a power of 51.0 D. How far is the board from his eyes?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.99}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03351", "question_text": "A reaction is represented by this equation: \\text{A}(aq) + 2\\text{B}(aq)\\rightleftharpoons 2\\text{C}(aq)\\mspace{90mu} K_{c} = 1\\ \\times \\ 10^{3} (a) Write the mathematical expression for the equilibrium constant. (b) Using concentrations \u22641 _M_ , identify two sets of concentrations that describe a mixture of A, B, and C at equilibrium.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9865}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09899", "question_text": "Determine which of the following numbers are    A. \u24d0 counting numbers   B. \u24d1 whole numbers.  0,4,87", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9112}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16128", "question_text": "What does the speed of seismic waves depend on?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9657}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09766", "question_text": "In the United States, CEO pay is on average ________ times as high as the pay of the average worker in the same company.    A. 30   B. 50   C. 100   D. 300", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8876}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13560", "question_text": "A piece of unknown solid substance weighs 437.2 g, and requires 8460 J to increase its temperature from 19.3 \u00c2\u00b0C to 68.9 \u00c2\u00b0C. (a) What is the specific heat of the substance? (b) If it is one of the substances found inTable 5.1, what is its likely identity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9936}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26534", "question_text": "A child is diagnosed with epilepsy and is being seen for intractable seizures. Which diet(s) would the interprofessional team potentially recommend?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14443", "question_text": "Use the standard free energy of formation data inAppendix Gto determine the free energy change for each of the following reactions, which are run under standard state conditions and 25 \u00c2\u00b0C. Identify each as either spontaneous or nonspontaneous at these conditions. (a)MnO2(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Mn(s)+O2(g)MnO2(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Mn(s)+O2(g) (b)H2(g)+Br2(l)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62HBr(g)H2(g)+Br2(l)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62HBr(g) (c)Cu(s)+S(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CuS(s)Cu(s)+S(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CuS(s) (d)2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Li2CO3(s)+H2O(g)2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Li2CO3(s)+H2O(g) (e)CH4(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6C(s,graphite)+2H2O(g)CH4(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6C(s,graphite)+2H2O(g) (f)CS2(g)+3Cl2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CCl4(g)+S2Cl2(g)CS2(g)+3Cl2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CCl4(g)+S2Cl2(g)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6563}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21485", "question_text": "Locke believed that government __________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5817}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26130", "question_text": "LO5.2How can there be a different number of equivalent units for materials as compared to conversion costs?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6531}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26458", "question_text": "What are the null and alternative hypotheses forExercise 11.48?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9871}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23561", "question_text": "Societies practice social control to maintain ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8236}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04389", "question_text": "[LO 16.3](16-3-prepare-the-statement-of-cash-flows-using-the-indirect-method) What is the effect on cash when current noncash operating assets decrease?    A. Cash increases by the same amount.   B. Cash decreases by the same amount.   C. Cash decreases by twice as much.   D. Cash does not change.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9906}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07381", "question_text": "A pedestrian walks 6.0 km east and then 13.0 km north. Use a graphical method to find the pedestrian\u2019s resultant displacement and geographic direction.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06158", "question_text": "(a) Use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to calculate the uncertainty in energy for a corresponding time interval of 10^{-43}\\text{s} . (b) Compare this energy with the 10^{19}\\ \\text{GeV} unification-of-forces energy and discuss why they are similar.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8775}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09282", "question_text": "The genus of bacteria found in the vagina that is important in maintaining a healthy environment, including an acidic pH, is _____.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6148}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12627", "question_text": "The anterior pituitary gland develops from which embryonic germ layer?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01693", "question_text": "8\\left( {3a + 5} \\right) - 7\\left( {4a - 3} \\right) = 20 - 3a", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.46}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08737", "question_text": "Which of the followings cannot be used to culture viruses?    A. tissue culture   B. liquid medium only   C. embryo   D. animal host", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8804}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15011", "question_text": "Give an example of a physical property that varies with temperature and describe how it is used to measure temperature.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04276", "question_text": "[LO 9.6](9-6-explain-how-notes-receivable-and-accounts-receivable-differ) What are three differences between accounts receivable and notes receivable?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08091", "question_text": "A wave is modeled with the function y\\left( {x,t} \\right) = (0.25\\ \\text{m})\\text{cos}\\left( {0.30\\ \\text{m}^{-1}x - 0.90\\ \\text{s}^{-1}t + \\frac{\\pi}{3}} \\right). Find the (a) amplitude, (b) wave number, (c) angular frequency, (d) wave speed, (e) initial phase shift, (f) wavelength, and (g) period of the wave.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10188", "question_text": "What number is \\text{85\\%} of 900?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17395", "question_text": "\u00e2\u0080\u009cDuration (amount of time)\u00e2\u0080\u009d is what type of data? a. qualitative (categorical);b. quantitative discrete;c. quantitative continuous", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10645", "question_text": "The prison operated by the U.S. military for the detention and interrogation of terrorist suspects and \u201cenemy combatants\u201d is located at ________.    A. Kuwait City, Kuwait   B. Riker\u2019s Island, New York   C. Guantanamo Bay, Cuba   D. Lahore, Pakistan", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9272}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09220", "question_text": "A patient tests positive for _Loa loa_ antibodies. What does this test indicate?    A. The individual was exposed to _Loa loa_ at some point.   B. The individual is currently suffering from loiasis.   C. The individual has never been exposed to _Loa loa_.   D. The individual is immunosuppressed.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26920", "question_text": "A client presents to the clinic with a report of itchy eyes, runny nose, and sneezing. Which diagnosis should the nurse anticipate the provider will make for this client?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5555}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07655", "question_text": "A particle moves along a curved path y(x) = (10\\ \\text{m})\\left\\\\{ 1 + \\text{cos}\\lbrack(0.1{\\ \\text{m}}^{-1})x\\rbrack \\right\\\\}, from x = 0 to x = 10\\pi\\ \\text{m,} subject to a tangential force of variable magnitude F(x) = (10\\ \\text{N})\\text{sin}\\lbrack(0.1{\\ \\text{m}}^{-1})x\\rbrack. How much work does the force do? ( _Hint:_ Consult a table of integrals or use a numerical integration program.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5682}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17864", "question_text": "You are performing a hypothesis test of a single population proportion. The data come from which distribution?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06585", "question_text": "Many decisions are made on the basis of the payback period: the time it will take through savings to equal the capital cost of an investment. Acceptable payback times depend upon the business or philosophy one has. (For some industries, a payback period is as small as 2 years.) Suppose you wish to install the extra insulation in the preceding problem. If energy cost \\text{\\$}1.00 per million joules and the insulation was $4.00 per square meter, then calculate the simple payback time. Take the average \\text{\u0394}T for the 120-day heating season to be 15.0\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9765}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06763", "question_text": "What is the ratio of the number of electric field lines leaving a charge 10 _q_ and a charge _q_ ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8805}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25100", "question_text": "What does the phrase \u00e2\u0080\u009centrepreneurial venture\u00e2\u0080\u009d refer to?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6752}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20133", "question_text": "There was a growing concern at the Environmental and Agriculture Department about the rising levels of CO\u00e2\u0082\u0082 in the atmosphere. It was clear that human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels, were the primary cause of this increase. The department assigned a team of data scientists to research the potential consequences of climate patterns in the United States. They studied the trends of CO\u00e2\u0082\u0082 emissions over the years and noticed a significant uptick in recent times. The team simulated various scenarios using climate models and predicted that if the current trend continues, there will be disastrous consequences for the climate. The four graphs displayed inFigure 8.11depict the identical dataset from four different researchers. Out of the four graphs, which one accurately represents the CO\u00e2\u0082\u0082 data without any type of distortion or misrepresentation?Figure 8.11 Source: Hannah Ritchie, Max Roser and Pablo Rosado (2020) - \"CO\u00e2\u0082\u0082 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions.\" Published online at OurWorldInData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions' [Online Resource]", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9423}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20341", "question_text": "Average cost curves (except for average fixed cost) tend to be U-shaped, decreasing and then increasing. Marginal cost curves have the same shape, though this may be harder to see since most of the marginal cost curve is increasing. Why do you think that average and marginal cost curves have the same general shape?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5031}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18041", "question_text": "Write a fourth assumption.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9658}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02195", "question_text": "\\- \\frac{1}{3} + \\frac{1}{9} - \\frac{1}{27} + \\frac{1}{81} - \\frac{1}{243}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9689}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01382", "question_text": "\\frac{\\frac{c^{2} - 64}{3c^{2} + 26c + 16}}{\\frac{c^{2} - 4c - 32}{15c + 10}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6643}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05473", "question_text": "The ceramic glaze on a red-orange Fiestaware plate is \\text{U}_{2}\\text{O}_{3} and contains 50.0 grams of {}^{238}\\text{U} , but very little {}^{235}\\text{U} . (a) What is the activity of the plate? (b) Calculate the total energy that will be released by the {}^{238}\\text{U} decay. (c) If energy is worth 12.0 cents per \\text{kW} \\cdot \\text{h} , what is the monetary value of the energy emitted? (These plates went out of production some 30 years ago, but are still available as collectibles.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02360", "question_text": "If f(5) = 2, find f^{- 1}(2).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07713", "question_text": "(a) How high a hill can a car coast up (engines disengaged) if work done by friction is negligible and its initial speed is 110 km/h? (b) If, in actuality, a 750-kg car with an initial speed of 110 km/h is observed to coast up a hill to a height 22.0 m above its starting point, how much thermal energy was generated by friction? (c) What is the average force of friction if the hill has a slope of 2.5\\text{\u00b0} above the horizontal?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8758}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19572", "question_text": "Using Bootstrap and Django, what should you do to define the Todo model?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03881", "question_text": "Here is a second hypothesis: A well-funded social safety net may lead to less regulation of the market economy. Explain why this might be so, and sketch a production possibility curve that shows this tradeoff.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17379", "question_text": "What kind of evidence do you think would convince astronomers that an extraterrestrial spacecraft has landed on Earth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10341", "question_text": "Bonita has \\text{\\$2.95} in dimes and quarters in her pocket. If she has 5 more dimes than quarters, how many of each coin does she have?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26747", "question_text": "The nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed calcium supplements for the treatment of osteoporosis. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the client to take 1 hour before or after the administration of calcium supplements?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5208}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04512", "question_text": "Critical Thinking Two boxes of equal mass slide start from rest and slide with different horizontal applied forces across frictionless surfaces to reach the same distance away. Box A has a horizontal force of three times that of box B. (a) Which box is traveling faster at this distance away from the starting point? Briefly explain your reasoning. (b) Based on experimental data, an equation that fits the data is suggested for the final speed, _V_ , which may not be correct: V = KF , where _K_ is a constant with appropriate units and _F_ is the horizontal applied force. Is this equation consistent with your answer from part a? Explain why or why not. Does this equation make sense? Explain why or why not. (c) Now the applied force can be any value and the distance from the starting point is measured when the speed gets to a consistent value. Graph the distance the box gets to at a given speed as a function of the applied force.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7115}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18498", "question_text": "Which game would be better to play? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9768}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05715", "question_text": "A transparent film of thickness 250 nm and index of refraction of 1.40 is surrounded by air. What wavelength in a beam of white light at near-normal incidence to the film undergoes destructive interference when reflected?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9885}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25187", "question_text": "What new patterns or behaviors have you noticed within your society or the country\u00e2\u0080\u0099s society?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23862", "question_text": "If someone does not earn enough money to pay for the essentials of life he or she is said to be _____ poor.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25470", "question_text": "What are the benefits in becoming a mentor, consultant or champion?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.727}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18657", "question_text": "What is the standard divisor from the original apportionment?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9845}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01926", "question_text": "\\frac{5}{3p^{2} + 17p - 6},\\frac{2m}{3p^{2} + 23p - 8}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6704}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07440", "question_text": "**Unreasonable results** Dragsters can actually reach a top speed of 145.0 m/s in only 4.45 s. (a) Calculate the average acceleration for such a dragster. (b) Find the final velocity of this dragster starting from rest and accelerating at the rate found in (a) for 402.0 m (a quarter mile) without using any information on time. (c) Why is the final velocity greater than that used to find the average acceleration? ( _Hint_ : Consider whether the assumption of constant acceleration is valid for a dragster. If not, discuss whether the acceleration would be greater at the beginning or end of the run and what effect that would have on the final velocity.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5389}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25456", "question_text": "Benefits of a reflection journal include which of the following? identifying patterns, biases, habits and discovering new insightsassigning new work responsibilitiesidentifying wasted timeavoid reviewing decisions that can\u00e2\u0080\u0099t be changed", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9781}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21806", "question_text": "At the end of the last section, you were asked to design a basic experiment to answer some question of interest. What ethical considerations should be made with the study you proposed to ensure that your experiment would conform to the scientific community\u00e2\u0080\u0099s expectations of ethical research?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23041", "question_text": "Which brain region is involved in comparing the relative timing of sounds between the two ears?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9927}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18939", "question_text": "If\u00e2\u0088\u0091n=1\u00e2\u0088\u009e|an|\u00e2\u0088\u0091n=1\u00e2\u0088\u009e|an|converges, then\u00e2\u0088\u0091n=1\u00e2\u0088\u009ean\u00e2\u0088\u0091n=1\u00e2\u0088\u009eanconverges.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7609}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00778", "question_text": "The position of a particle is given by \\mathbf{\\text{r}}(t) = \\left\\langle {t^{2},\\text{ln}(t),\\text{sin}\\left( {\\pi t} \\right)} \\right\\rangle, where t is measured in seconds and \\mathbf{\\text{r}} is measured in meters. Find the velocity, acceleration, and speed functions. What are the position, velocity, speed, and acceleration of the particle at 1 sec?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9636}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19118", "question_text": "In reality, it is very likely that the trash at the bottom of Mount Holly has become more compacted with all the weight of the above trash. Consider a density function with respect to height: the density at the top of the mountain is still density400lb/ft3400lb/ft3and the density increases. Every100100feet deeper, the density doubles. What is the total weight of Mount Holly?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.932}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16148", "question_text": "Why do water waves traveling from the deep end to the shallow end of a swimming pool experience refraction?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9916}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21989", "question_text": "Compare and contrast the two types of interference.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10931", "question_text": "Compare and contrast the roles of the positive cell-cycle regulators negative regulators.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23205", "question_text": "________ is the physiological cost of stress adaptation to our body.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12206", "question_text": "Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ________ bones.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9375}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25697", "question_text": "LO1.5Accounting is not the only profession to offer professional certifications. Many other professions have certifications that are either required or encouraged for entry or advancement in the profession. Think of two to three career paths that you have considered or are considering. After doing some research, complete the following: Identify the name of the certification and the institute that administered the certification.Explain the education and/or experience requirements for taking the exam and earning the license.Discuss any of the benefits, financial or otherwise, of earning the certification.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04637", "question_text": "(a) Calculate the magnitude and direction of the force on each foot of the horse in [Figure 9.29](9-problems-exercises#import-auto-id3087934) (two are on the ground), assuming the center of mass of the horse is midway between the feet. The total mass of the horse and rider is 500kg. (b) What is the minimum coefficient of friction between the hooves and ground? Note that the force exerted by the wall is horizontal.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04403", "question_text": "Soccer fields vary in size. A large soccer field is 115 m long and 85 m wide. What are its dimensions in feet and inches? (Assume that 1 meter equals 3.281 feet.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9353}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18393", "question_text": "$3,000 is deposited in a money market account bearing 3.88% interest compounded monthly. How much is the account worth in 15 years?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22409", "question_text": "Differentiate between parallel play and cooperative play.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06636", "question_text": "At what temperature is the average speed of carbon dioxide molecules (M = 44.0\\ \\text{g/mol}) 510 m/s?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6252}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08050", "question_text": "A student stands on the edge of a merry-go-round which rotates five times a minute and has a radius of two meters one evening as the sun is setting. The student produces a shadow on the nearby building. (a) Write an equation for the position of the shadow. (b) Write an equation for the velocity of the shadow.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02257", "question_text": "\\left( {a + 2b} \\right)\\left( {3a - b} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3179}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10760", "question_text": "Which characteristic of a phospholipid contributes to the fluidity of the membrane?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02538", "question_text": "f(x) = 3\\cos\\left( {x + \\frac{\\pi}{6}} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7362}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15554", "question_text": "How does relativistic time dilation prohibit neutrino oscillations if they are massless?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8533}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03557", "question_text": "Explain how ammonia can function both as a Br\u00f8nsted base and as a Lewis base.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5162}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02960", "question_text": "Would you agree to buy 1 trillion (1,000,000,000,000) gold atoms for $5? Explain why or why not. Find the current price of gold at http://money.cnn.com/data/commodities/ ({\\text{1 troy ounce} = \\text{31.1 g}})", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9812}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20081", "question_text": "Draw scatterplot between bpm (x-axis) and danceability (y-axis) of theSpotify datasetusing: a.PythonMatplotlib b.A spreadsheet program such as MS Excel or Google Sheets (Hint: Search \u00e2\u0080\u009cScatterplot\u00e2\u0080\u009d on Help.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9889}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12236", "question_text": "Which of the following is most likely to be released when blood calcium levels are elevated?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.883}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24147", "question_text": "The founders of the Plymouth colony were: PuritansCatholicsAnglicansJesuits", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14103", "question_text": "From the given data, use a graphical method to determine the order and rate constant of the following reaction:2X\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Y+Z2X\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Y+Z Time (s)5.010.015.020.025.030.035.040.0[X] (M)0.09900.04970.03320.02490.02000.01660.01430.0125", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01867", "question_text": "\\left( {4x - 3} \\right)^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7359}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18532", "question_text": "A dining room wall is 2.75 m by 2.25 m. A window on the wall is 0.75 m by 1.5 m. How many square meters is the surface of the wall?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9019}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08930", "question_text": "Which of the following conditions leads to maximal expression of the _lac_ operon?    A. lactose present, glucose absent   B. lactose present, glucose present   C. lactose absent, glucose absent   D. lactose absent, glucose present", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9897}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08879", "question_text": "If 30% of the bases within a DNA molecule are adenine, what is the percentage of thymine?    A. 20%   B. 25%   C. 30%   D. 35%", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17811", "question_text": "Using the samex\u00c2\u00afx\u00c2\u00af,sxsx, andn= 39, how would the error bound change if the confidence level were reduced to 90%? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16265", "question_text": "Which part of the eye has the greatest density of light receptors?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9594}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21231", "question_text": "In what ways do primary elections contribute to the rise of partisanship in U.S. politics?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9757}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19868", "question_text": "Which role is essential for creating strategies to protect against large-scale cyber threats and managing an organization\u00e2\u0080\u0099s overall cybersecurity posture?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8251}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17022", "question_text": "Describe the two main ways that energy travels through the Sun.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11204", "question_text": "Which statement is true of reverse transcriptase?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06080", "question_text": "Isotopes that emit \\alpha radiation are relatively safe outside the body and exceptionally hazardous inside. Explain why.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8374}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12668", "question_text": "The first step in hemostasis is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5524}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03498", "question_text": "Determine \u0394 _G_ \u00ba for the following reactions.(a) Antimony pentachloride decomposes at 448 \u00b0C. The reaction is:   \\text{SbCl}_{5}(g)\\longrightarrow\\text{SbCl}_{3}(g) + \\text{Cl}_{2}(g) An equilibrium mixture in a 5.00 L flask at 448 \u00b0C contains 3.85 g of SbCl 5 , 9.14 g of SbCl 3 , and 2.84 g of Cl 2 . (b) Chlorine molecules dissociate according to this reaction:   \\text{Cl}_{2}(g)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ 2\\text{Cl}(g) 1.00% of Cl 2 molecules dissociate at 975 K and a pressure of 1.00 atm.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8428}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14753", "question_text": "Prescriptions for vision correction are given in units calleddiopters(D). Determine the meaning of that unit. Obtain information (perhaps by calling an optometrist or performing an internet search) on the minimum uncertainty with which corrections in diopters are determined and the accuracy with which corrective lenses can be produced. Discuss the sources of uncertainties in both the prescription and accuracy in the manufacture of lenses.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.473}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11186", "question_text": "Particles that transfer genetic material from one species to another, especially in marine prokaryotes:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7429}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12228", "question_text": "The first type of bone to form during fracture repair is ________ bone.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6365}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24609", "question_text": "What rationale did Phyllis Schlafly and her STOP ERA movement cite when opposing the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment? the ERA would ultimately lead to the legalization of abortionthe ERA provided insufficient civil rights protections for womenmothers could not be feministsthe ERA would end gender-specific privileges women enjoyed", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9675}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25087", "question_text": "One of Roxanne Quimby\u00e2\u0080\u0099s motivations in starting businesses included helping employ people in her community. How does or doesn\u00e2\u0080\u0099t this motivation fit in the definition of an entrepreneur as someone who identifies a problem and solves that problem?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02551", "question_text": "\\cos^{- 1}\\left( \\frac{\\sqrt{3}}{2} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6077}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10052", "question_text": "y - \\frac{4}{5} when    A. \u24d0 y=\u221245y=\u221245   B. \u24d1 y=14y=14", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7526}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15726", "question_text": "A 65-kg swimmer pushes on the pool wall and accelerates at 6 m/s2. The friction experienced by the swimmer is 100 N. What is the magnitude of the force that the swimmer applies on the wall?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06867", "question_text": "Can a positively charged conductor be at a negative potential? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9681}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25411", "question_text": "A sole proprietorship ________. pays taxes at the highest corporate ratepays taxes at the lowest corporate ratepays taxes at the individual rateNone of these choices are correct.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9879}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26796", "question_text": "A client has just been diagnosed with mild Alzheimer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s disease. The health care provider prescribes donepezil oral disintegrating tablet 5 mg daily. What key point should the client be taught about how to take this drug?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9451}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13837", "question_text": "Predict whether the MO diagram for S2would show s-p mixing or not.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9901}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17426", "question_text": "What type of measure scale is being used?  Nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8691}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18484", "question_text": "If your professor says that you have a 20% chance of getting an A in her class because 20% of her students historically have earned As, is that probability most likely theoretical, empirical, or subjective?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5801}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20837", "question_text": "In your view, is the economy currently operating in the Keynesian, intermediate or neoclassical portion of the economy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s aggregate supply curve?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6297}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09527", "question_text": "[LO 6.3](6-3-calculate-activity-based-product-costs) Which is not a task typically associated with ABC systems?    A. calculating the overhead application rate for each cost pool   B. applying a single cost rate   C. identifying a cost driver   D. more correctly allocating overhead costs", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8293}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20313", "question_text": "The rules of politics are not always the same as the rules of economics. In discussions of setting budgets for government agencies, there is a strategy called \u00e2\u0080\u009cclosing the Washington Monument.\u00e2\u0080\u009d When an agency faces the unwelcome prospect of a budget cut, it may decide to close a high-visibility attraction enjoyed by many people (like the Washington Monument). Explain in terms of diminishing marginal utility why the Washington Monument strategy is so misleading.Hint: If you are really trying to make the best of a budget cut, should you cut the items in your budget with the highest marginal utility or the lowest marginal utility? Does the Washington Monument strategy cut the items with the highest marginal utility or the lowest marginal utility?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6474}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18557", "question_text": "A living room is 7 m long and 8 m wide. Carpet costs $9.50 per square meter. How much will it cost to carpet the room?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8545}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08391", "question_text": "Find the average rate of change of the function f(x) = 3 - 2x^{2} + x by finding \\frac{f(b) - f(a)}{b - a}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02766", "question_text": "Write an explicit formula for the geometric sequence - \\frac{1}{5},\\mspace{9mu} - \\frac{1}{15},\\mspace{9mu} - \\frac{1}{45},\\mspace{9mu} - \\frac{1}{135},\\ldots", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08660", "question_text": "Bacteria have 80S ribosomes each composed of a 60S large subunit and a 40S small subunit.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6894}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11932", "question_text": "The maximum rate of increased characteristic of a species is called its ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7585}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24736", "question_text": "Why is conceptual analysis important in epistemology?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18390", "question_text": "In question 20, the budget for a person was created. Can the person afford to buy a car if the monthly payments will be $365.50, monthly car insurance will be $114.75, and gasoline will be $200.00?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9818}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07288", "question_text": "The voltage across a parallel-plate capacitor with area A = 800{\\ \\text{cm}}^{2} and separation d = 2\\ \\text{mm} varies sinusoidally as V = \\left( {15\\ \\text{mV}} \\right)\\ \\text{cos}\\ (150t) , where _t_ is in seconds. Find the displacement current between the plates.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16561", "question_text": "The gravitational force is considered a very weak force. Yet, it is strong enough to hold Earth in orbit around the Sun. Explain this apparent disparity.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.917}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06600", "question_text": "Two \\text{H}_{2} molecules can react with one \\text{O}_{2} molecule to produce two \\text{H}_{2}\\text{O} molecules. How many moles of hydrogen molecules are needed to react with one mole of oxygen molecules?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12636", "question_text": "Explain why maternal iodine deficiency might lead to neurological impairment in the fetus.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9915}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25181", "question_text": "What is a SWOT analysis and how is it useful?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15196", "question_text": "Why is the power dissipated by a closed switch, such as inFigure 21.41, small?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8518}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22839", "question_text": "Explain the difference between active and passive euthanasia, giving a specific example of each.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05852", "question_text": "At what scattering angle is the wavelength shift in the Compton effect equal to the Compton wavelength?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8757}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02795", "question_text": "A music group needs to choose 3 songs to play at the annual Battle of the Bands. How many ways can they choose their set if have 15 songs to pick from?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9203}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17347", "question_text": "Describe two properties of the universe that are not explained by the standard Big Bang model (without inflation). How does inflation explain these two properties?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7004}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09502", "question_text": "[LO 4.8](4-8-explain-how-a-job-order-cost-system-applies-to-a- nonmanufacturing-environment) When compared to manufacturing companies, service industries do not generally use ________ as a component of product cost.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19196", "question_text": "Give a real-life example that refutes social determination of technology. Your example does not need to involve computing, but it should involve some technology designed by humans.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20204", "question_text": "What are four responses to the claim that people should not behave in the way described in this chapter?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9789}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19746", "question_text": "Imagine you are part of the hiring team tasked with filling your organization\u00e2\u0080\u0099s IS jobs. You are concerned about one of the candidates recommended by a coworker because you do not agree that this person has the integrity, initiative, and willingness to learn required for the role. What competency do you think this candidate is lacking?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14375", "question_text": "Using the dissociation constant,Kd= 3.3\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0080\u009319, calculate the equilibrium concentrations of Cd2+and CN\u00e2\u0080\u0093in a 0.250-Msolution ofCd(CN)42\u00e2\u0088\u0092.Cd(CN)42\u00e2\u0088\u0092.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26412", "question_text": "A company inspects products coming through its production\nprocess, and rejects detected products. One-tenth of the items are\nrejected. If samples of 50 items are taken, what is the expected value\nof the mean of the sampling distribution of sample proportions?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9434}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10330", "question_text": "a cone-shaped water cup with diameter 2.6 inches and height 2.6 inches", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26549", "question_text": "The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has been prescribed an antidepressant. What nutritional recommendations are appropriate for this client?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9938}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17917", "question_text": "Explain why you chose the distribution you did forExercise 10.24.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5661}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25427", "question_text": "Identify the common types of risks that a business may face.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9913}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21892", "question_text": "________ serve as sensory receptors for temperature and pain stimuli.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03919", "question_text": "Use an example to explain why, after periods of rapid growth, a low-income country that has not caught up to a high-income country may feel poor.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7775}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20112", "question_text": "The characters in some computer fonts are represented by arrays of color values or grayscale values, calledbitmaps. See the following 9-by-9 bitmap representing the Japanese hiragana character \u00e2\u0080\u009ca\u00e2\u0080\u009d in which each number indicates one of two color values, 0 for white and 1 for black, for each pixel.Here is how the character might look when rendered:Partition the bitmap array into 2-by-2 blocks and use the pooling method of averaging to reduce the size of the bitmap. Note: Since the original array\u00e2\u0080\u0099s dimensions are not divisible by 2, you should pad the array by appending a column of zeros to the right and a row of zeros on the bottom. How might the resulting bitmap be interpreted visually?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8642}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01521", "question_text": "3\\sqrt{2x - 3} - 20 = 7", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9345}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11234", "question_text": "The cell wall is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02477", "question_text": "Find the inverse function f^{- 1} for the logarithmic function f(x) = 0.25 \\cdot \\log_{2}\\left( {x^{3} + 1} \\right).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15627", "question_text": "In which example would you be correct in describing an object in motion while your friend would also be correct in describing that same object as being at rest?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8647}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08597", "question_text": "All of the following are considered reports required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 except:    A. Form 8k.   B. Form 10 k.   C. Form 10Q.   D. All of the above.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6869}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18964", "question_text": "Power series can be used to show that the derivative ofexisex.exisex.(Hint:Recall thatex=\u00e2\u0088\u0091n=0\u00e2\u0088\u009e1n!xn.)ex=\u00e2\u0088\u0091n=0\u00e2\u0088\u009e1n!xn.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04351", "question_text": "[LO 14.3](14-3-record-transactions-and-the-effects-on-financial-statements- for-cash-dividends-property-dividends-stock-dividends-and-stock-splits) The date the board of directors votes to declare and pay a cash dividend is called the:    A. date of stockholder\u2019s meeting   B. date of payment   C. date of declaration   D. date of liquidation", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6086}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23588", "question_text": "The movieBabelfeatured an international cast and was filmed on location in various nations. When it screened in theaters worldwide, it introduced a number of ideas and philosophies about cross-cultural connections. This might be an example of:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8146}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20925", "question_text": "How does rule-based monetary policy differ from discretionary monetary policy (that is, monetary policy not based on a rule)? What are some of the arguments for each?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14748", "question_text": "Can the validity of a model be limited, or must it be universally valid? How does this compare to the required validity of a theory or a law?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26944", "question_text": "The loading dose of theophylline is 4.6 mg/kg. The client for whom it is prescribed weighs 121 pounds. How much will the nurse give for the loading dose?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9195}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03036", "question_text": "Read the labels of several commercial products and identify monatomic ions of at least six main group elements contained in the products. Write the complete electron configurations of these cations and anions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9902}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06400", "question_text": "Patent infringement suits can take years and cost millions of dollars. Which of the following is another option patent owners have in seeking redress for infringement?    A. Litigation financing in exchange for a share of any damages.   B. Out-of-court license and royalty settlements.   C. Contingency lawyers take the case for a share of any damages.   D. All of the above.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23784", "question_text": "Consider the different types of religious organizations in the United States. What role did ecclesia play in the history of the United States? How have sects tended to change over time? What role do cults have today?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03383", "question_text": "The hydroxide ion concentration in household ammonia is 3.2 \\times 10 \u22123 _M_ at 25 \u00b0C. What is the concentration of hydronium ions in the solution?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9727}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17409", "question_text": "Suppose that the first researcher conducted his survey by randomly choosing one state in the nation and then randomly picking 40 patients from that state. What sampling method would that researcher have used?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9766}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22337", "question_text": "Analyze the role of play in the development of gross and fine motor skills in infants and toddlers. How does play contribute to the refinement of motor skills? Provide examples of specific play activities that support both gross and fine motor development. Discuss how caregivers can facilitate motor skill development through intentional play.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10706", "question_text": "Amino acids have the generic structure seen below, where R represents different carbon-based side chains. Describe how the structure of amino acids allows them to be linked into long peptide chains to form proteins.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9923}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23043", "question_text": "A tonotopic organization of auditory information is found in:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6293}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16905", "question_text": "Explain why visual observation of the gas giants is not sufficient to determine their rotation periods, and what evidence was used to deduce the correct periods.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07214", "question_text": "A 10-H inductor carries a current of 20 A. How much ice at 0\\text{\u00b0}\\ \\text{C} could be melted by the energy stored in the magnetic field of the inductor? ( _Hint_ : Use the value L_{\\text{f}} = 334\\ \\text{J/g} for ice.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9762}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09478", "question_text": "[LO 3.4](3-4-perform-break-even-sensitivity-analysis-for-a-multi-product- environment-under-changing-business-situations) A company sells two products, Model 101 and Model \u010a. For every one unit of Model 101, they sell they sell two units of Model \u010a. Sales and cost information for the two products is shown. What is the contribution margin for a composite unit based on the sales mix?    A. $14   B. $21   C. $35   D. $56", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6071}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06810", "question_text": "Two concentric spherical surfaces enclose a point charge _q_ . The radius of the outer sphere is twice that of the inner one. Compare the electric fluxes crossing the two surfaces.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08318", "question_text": "A very challenging job for new presidents is to ______.    A. move into the White House   B. prepare and deliver their first State of the Union address   C. nominate and gain confirmation for their cabinet and hundreds of other officials   D. prepare their first executive budget", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6381}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08061", "question_text": "A 2.00-kg object hangs, at rest, on a 1.00-m-long string attached to the ceiling. A 100-g object is fired with a speed of 20 m/s at the 2.00-kg object, and the two objects collide and stick together in a totally inelastic collision. Write an equation for the motion of the system after the collision. Assume air resistance is negligible.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01134", "question_text": "3x - 2y = 6", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5569}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01452", "question_text": "\\sqrt{\\frac{12r^{5}s^{7}}{75r^{2}s}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5528}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08558", "question_text": "Distinguish between rescission and reformation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23516", "question_text": "How do schools prepare children to one day enter the workforce?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.751}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23309", "question_text": "Artificial stimulation of the OVLT would cause an increase in the release of ________ from the pituitary gland.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25472", "question_text": "How does a philanthropic desire align with entrepreneurship?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17753", "question_text": "Find the 90thpercentile for the total weight of the 100 weights.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00828", "question_text": "4y^{\\prime} = -6y + 2y\\text{''}, y(0) = 0, y(1) = 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4961}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05662", "question_text": "A concave mirror of radius of curvature 10 cm is placed 30 cm from a thin convex lens of focal length 15 cm. Find the location and magnification of a small bulb sitting 50 cm from the lens by using the algebraic method.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21436", "question_text": "The U.S. policy of containment during the Cold War related to keeping ________. terrorism from spreadingrogue countries like North Korea from developing nuclear weaponscommunism from spreadingoil prices from rising", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14915", "question_text": "Suppose the biceps muscle was attached through tendons to the upper arm close to the elbow and the forearm near the wrist. What would be the advantages and disadvantages of this type of construction for the motion of the arm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8172}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16137", "question_text": "Is the statement true or false? Waves propagate faster in a less dense medium if the stiffness is the same.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6458}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07805", "question_text": "A wheel has a constant angular acceleration of 5.0\\ {\\text{rad}\\text{/}\\text{s}^{2}} . Starting from rest, it turns through 300 rad. (a) What is its final angular velocity? (b) How much time elapses while it turns through the 300 radians?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8435}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26466", "question_text": "True or False: Whenever r is calculated on the basis of a sample, the value which we obtain for r is only an estimate of the true correlation coefficient which we would obtain if we calculated it for the entire population.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7253}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21778", "question_text": "The benefit of naturalistic observation studies is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9603}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18551", "question_text": "The instructions to cook lasagna say to set the oven at 475 \u00c2\u00baF. To the nearest degree, what is the temperature in degrees Celsius?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9215}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08809", "question_text": "Competitive inhibitors bind to allosteric sites.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03152", "question_text": "A spray can is used until it is empty except for the propellant gas, which has a pressure of 1344 torr at 23 \u00b0C. If the can is thrown into a fire (T = 475 \u00b0C), what will be the pressure in the hot can?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21591", "question_text": "What are the two primary differences between parliamentary and presidential systems?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12125", "question_text": "Why is it important that DNA replication take place before cell division? What would happen if cell division of a body cell took place without DNA replication, or when DNA replication was incomplete?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8726}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09595", "question_text": "[LO 9.1](9-1-differentiate-between-centralized-and-decentralized-management) Discuss the difference between daily and strategic decisions. Think of a business and provide an example of a daily and strategic decision.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.736}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04398", "question_text": "[LO 16.3](16-3-prepare-the-statement-of-cash-flows-using-the-indirect-method) Note payments reduce cash and are related to long-term debt. Do these facts automatically lead to their inclusion as elements of the financing section of the statement of cash flows? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17203", "question_text": "How are planetary nebulae comparable to a fluorescent light bulb in your classroom?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.585}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24078", "question_text": "In what ways does understanding culture help caregivers determine the best treatment for their patients?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19811", "question_text": "What are some key design principles to consider when integrating mobile applications with databases?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.507}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13412", "question_text": "Calculate the molar mass of each of the following compounds: (a) hydrogen fluoride, HF (b) ammonia, NH3 (c) nitric acid, HNO3 (d) silver sulfate, Ag2SO4 (e) boric acid, B(OH)3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18496", "question_text": "You are playing a game where you roll a pair of standard 6-sided dice. You win $32 if you get a sum of 12, and lose $1 otherwise. What is the expected value of this game?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21645", "question_text": "__________ is the authority vested in a court to hear a case.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9804}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15524", "question_text": "What evidence is cited to support the contention that the gluon force between quarks is greater than the strong nuclear force between hadrons? How is this related to color? Is it also related to quark confinement?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02055", "question_text": "f(x) = \\left( {x - 4} \\right)^{2} - 3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.728}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24379", "question_text": "How did mining and cattle ranching transform individual \u00e2\u0080\u009cget rich quick\u00e2\u0080\u009d efforts into \u00e2\u0080\u009cbig business\u00e2\u0080\u009d efforts when the nineteenth century came to a close?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9768}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08918", "question_text": "When the ribosome reaches a nonsense codon, which of the following occurs?    A. a methionine is incorporated   B. the polypeptide is released   C. a peptide bond forms   D. the A site binds to a charged tRNA", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5821}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08494", "question_text": "f(x) = \\frac{1}{x + 1}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.809}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08220", "question_text": "What key constitutional provisions define the scope of authority of the federal and state governments?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25974", "question_text": "LO13.3If there is neither a premium nor discount present, the journal entry to record bond interest payments is _______.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10255", "question_text": "\\frac{0}{8}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8632}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15053", "question_text": "Heat transferQQand work doneWWare always energy in transit, whereas internal energyEintEintis energy stored in a system. Give an example of each type of energy, and state specifically how it is either in transit or resides in a system.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9714}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11429", "question_text": "Describe the feeding mechanism of sponges and identify how it is different from other animals.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14422", "question_text": "Arrange the following sets of systems in order of increasing entropy. Assume one mole of each substance and the same temperature for each member of a set. (a) H2(g), HBrO4(g), HBr(g) (b) H2O(l), H2O(g), H2O(s) (c) He(g), Cl2(g), P4(g)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17851", "question_text": "A group of divers is exploring an old sunken ship. Suppose the null hypothesis,H0, is: the sunken ship does not contain buried treasure. State the Type I and Type II errors in complete sentences.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8192}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23403", "question_text": "Which of the following is the best description of a difference between someone with hemianopia and spatial neglect?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5117}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01765", "question_text": "A passenger jet can fly 804 miles in 2 hours with a tailwind but only 776 miles in 2 hours into a headwind. Find the speed of the jet in still air and the speed of the wind.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04654", "question_text": "At its peak, a tornado is 60.0 m in diameter and carries 500 km/h winds. What is its angular velocity in revolutions per second?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8676}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21970", "question_text": "Compare and contrast the benefits of the Stanford-Binet IQ test and Wechsler\u00e2\u0080\u0099s IQ tests.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20084", "question_text": "Megan is interested in opening a gaming center that utilizes virtual reality (VR) technology. She wants to gauge the level of interest in VR gaming among the residents of her city. She plans to conduct a survey using a random sampling method and then use this data to determine the potential demand for a VR gaming center in her city. What is the nature of the collected data, experimental or observational?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9624}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08361", "question_text": "Why are foreign policy issues more complicated than domestic policy issues?    A. They are more specific.   B. They are more complex.   C. The international environment is unpredictable.   D. They are more expensive.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07190", "question_text": "Show that N\\text{\u03a6}_{\\text{m}}\\text{/}I and \\varepsilon\\text{/}(dI\\text{/}dt), which are both expressions for self-inductance, have the same units.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5019}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21284", "question_text": "Why don\u00e2\u0080\u0099t lower-income groups participate more in the interest group system?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08230", "question_text": "The Fourteenth Amendment was critically important for civil liberties because it ________.    A. guaranteed freed men the right to vote   B. outlawed slavery   C. helped start the process of selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights   D. allowed the states to continue to enact Black codes", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02172", "question_text": "The sum of the squares of two numbers is Y. The difference of the numbers is A. Find the numbers.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9813}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03594", "question_text": "Predict the products of the following reactions and balance the equations. (a) Zn is added to a solution of Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 in acid. (b) FeCl 2 is added to a solution containing an excess of \\text{Cr}_{2}\\text{O}_{7}{}^{2-} in hydrochloric acid. (c) Cr 2+ is added to \\text{Cr}_{2}\\text{O}_{7}{}^{2-} in acid solution. (d) Mn is heated with CrO 3 . (e) CrO is added to 2HNO 3 in water. (f) FeCl 3 is added to an aqueous solution of NaOH.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7577}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26539", "question_text": "Nutrition can impact the development of neurofibrillary tangles that are found in individuals with Alzheimer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s disease. Which of the following provides structural strength to microtubules in the neuron?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07889", "question_text": "A potter\u2019s disk spins from rest up to 10 rev/s in 15 s. The disk has a mass 3.0 kg and radius 30.0 cm. What is the angular momentum of the disk at t = 5\\ \\text{s,}\\ t = 1\\text{0 s} ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9241}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21568", "question_text": "Which combination of activities do political parties engage in?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9816}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09688", "question_text": "_The Analects of Confucius_ ________.    A. are similar to Aristotle\u2019s _Nicomachean Ethics_   B. represent an oral tradition   C. reflect Buddhist ideals   D. codify a system of virtue ethics", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6452}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15582", "question_text": "According to Einstein\u00e2\u0080\u0099s theory of relativity, how could you effectively travel many years into Earth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s future, but not age very much yourself?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8496}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09542", "question_text": "[LO 7.1](7-1-describe-how-and-why-managers-use-budgets) Which approach requires management to justify all its expenditures?    A. bottom-up approach   B. zero-based budgeting   C. master budgeting   D. capital allocation budgeting", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8546}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24142", "question_text": "What was patroonship? a Dutch ship used for transporting beaver fursa Dutch system of patronage that encouraged the artsa Dutch system of granting tracts of land in New Netherland to encourage colonizationa Dutch style of hat trimmed with beaver fur from New Netherland", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5626}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09098", "question_text": "Secretions that bathe and moisten the interior of the intestines are produced by _______ cells.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9944}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22027", "question_text": "________ is a chemical messenger secreted by fat cells that acts as an appetite suppressant. orexinangiotensinleptinghrelin", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8928}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06526", "question_text": "What are the benefits of developing a written trade secret plan?    A. It serves as a policy manual that prevents situations in which unwritten rules are followed and security procedures are ignored.   B. In the event of litigation, it can serve as proof that you took active steps to keep the information secret.    C. Both of these.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9804}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01917", "question_text": "\\frac{x^{2} + 7x + 12}{x^{2} + 8x + 16}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.558}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26090", "question_text": "LO3.2In a cost-volume-profit analysis, explain what happens at the break-even point and why companies do not want to remain at the break-even point.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6183}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11681", "question_text": "Auditory hair cells are indirectly anchored to the _____.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9663}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02971", "question_text": "Explain the difference between heat capacity and specific heat of a substance.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7401}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02761", "question_text": "Write a recursive formula for the arithmetic sequence - 20\\text{,} - 10,0\\text{,}10\\text{,\u2026}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9906}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22299", "question_text": "Reflect on different pathways to parenthood, such as surrogacy, adoption, and assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Imagine you are a counselor helping a couple or individual explore these options. What factors should they consider when deciding the best path for their planned family? Discuss the emotional, financial, legal, and practical implications of each option, using examples from the text to support your recommendations.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9551}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05550", "question_text": "Assuming a circular orbit for the Sun about the center of the Milky Way galaxy, calculate its orbital speed using the following information: The mass of the galaxy is equivalent to a single mass 1\\text{.}{5 \\times \\text{10}^{\\text{11}}} times that of the Sun (or {3 \\times \\text{10}^{\\text{41}}}\\ \\text{kg} ), located 30,000 ly away.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25730", "question_text": "LO3.5What does the termrecognizemean?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9055}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25004", "question_text": "If an activity causes a foreseeable and highly significant risk of physical harm even when reasonable care is exercised by all actors, and the activity is not one of common usage, it is:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8639}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25897", "question_text": "LO9.5You own a construction company and have recently received a contract with the local school district to refurbish one of its elementary schools. You are given an up-front payment from the school district in the amount of $5 million. The contract terms extend from years 2018 to 2020. When would you recognize revenue for this payment?What method of accounting would you use for this construction project and why?What would be the benefits and challenges with your method selection?Give an example of your distribution selection and associated costs of the project (you may estimate based on other industry competitors).What might be some benefits and challenges associated with the other method of construction revenue recognition?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8693}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25448", "question_text": "The founder\u00e2\u0080\u0099s agreement includes which of the following content items? non-disclosure clausepersonnel planbuyback clausemarketing plan", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8586}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08105", "question_text": "A device called an insolation meter is used to measure the intensity of sunlight. It has an area of 100\\ \\text{cm}^{2} and registers 6.50 W. What is the intensity in \\text{W/m}^{2} ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11320", "question_text": "For each of the four groups of perfect fungi (Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota,\nAscomycota, and Basidiomycota), compare the body structure and features, and provide an example.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9904}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25051", "question_text": "Which of the following are possible penalties for violation of the Sherman Act?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10757", "question_text": "Explain how the extracellular matrix functions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14895", "question_text": "Figure 8.14shows a cube at rest and a small object heading toward it. (a) Describe the directions (angle\u00ce\u00b81\u00ce\u00b81) at which the small object can emerge after colliding elastically with the cube. How does\u00ce\u00b81\u00ce\u00b81depend onbb, the so-called impact parameter? Ignore any effects that might be due to rotation after the collision, and assume that the cube is much more massive than the small object. (b) Answer the same questions if the small object instead collides with a massive sphere. Figure8.14A small object approaches a collision with a much more massive cube, after which its velocity has the direction\u00ce\u00b81\u00ce\u00b81. The angles at which the small object can be scattered are determined by the shape of the object it strikes and the impact parameterbb.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8852}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10953", "question_text": "What is the ploidy of the most conspicuous form of most fungi?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8832}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19174", "question_text": "What can execute an algorithm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04523", "question_text": "Using Stokes\u2019 law, verify that the units for viscosity are kilograms per meter per second.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04396", "question_text": "[LO 16.3](16-3-prepare-the-statement-of-cash-flows-using-the-indirect-method) Explain the difference between the two methods used to prepare the operating section of the statement of cash flows. How do the results of these two approaches compare?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05052", "question_text": "(a) What is the resistance of a 220-V AC short circuit that generates a peak power of 96.8 kW? (b) What would the average power be if the voltage was 120 V AC?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.862}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11039", "question_text": "What is the role of a primer in DNA replication? What would happen if you forgot to add a primer in a tube containing the reaction mix for a DNA sequencing reaction?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21181", "question_text": "Why did it take so long for an active civil rights movement to begin in the LGBTQ community?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9452}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16377", "question_text": "What is the mathematical formula for Ohm\u00e2\u0080\u0099s law?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9852}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10613", "question_text": "What were American women\u2019s contributions to the war effort?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5104}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01267", "question_text": "\\left( {\\text{\u2212}12^{0}} \\right) (-12)^{0}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8599}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16707", "question_text": "A car accident occurs around midnight on the night of a full moon. The driver at fault claims he was blinded momentarily by the Moon rising on the eastern horizon. Should the police believe him?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9337}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25777", "question_text": "LO5.1Which of these account types (Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Revenue, Expense, Dividend) are credited in the closing entries? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9088}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12514", "question_text": "Which of these cranial nerves is part of the gustatory system?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07357", "question_text": "What is the area of a circle 3.102 cm in diameter?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8297}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19533", "question_text": "Consider our start-up company that is 100% committed to leveraging innovative technologies as a business growth facilitator. Describe how it can best use software process model selection and refinement to create products or services that can generate business. Give precise examples and explain how the start-up would be able to scale the resulting business (i.e., keep sustaining the cost of doing business while increasing its number of customers)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4011}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15616", "question_text": "How could knowledge of physics help you build a sound and energy-efficient house?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23911", "question_text": "How does gentrification affect cities?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14779", "question_text": "(a) Sketch a graph of acceleration versus time corresponding to the graph of velocity versus time given inFigure 2.55. (b) Identify the time or times (tata,tbtb,tctc, etc.) at which the acceleration is greatest. (c) At which times is it zero? (d) At which times is it negative? Figure2.55", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8626}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17916", "question_text": "Which distribution (normal or Student'st) would you use for this hypothesis test?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9872}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07685", "question_text": "Describe the gravitational potential energy transfers and transformations for a javelin, starting from the point at which an athlete picks up the javelin and ending when the javelin is stuck into the ground after being thrown.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9775}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15133", "question_text": "Are you relatively safe from lightning inside an automobile? Give two reasons.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.581}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01247", "question_text": "(b - 4) \\cdot 11", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6221}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26854", "question_text": "The left ventricle pumps blood from the heart to the aorta for use by the body. Which of the following processes occurs nearly simultaneously with left ventricular systole?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06110", "question_text": "The ceramic glaze on a red-orange \u201cFiestaware\u201d plate is \\text{U}_{2}\\text{O}_{3} and contains 50.0 grams of {}^{238}\\text{U} , but very little {}^{235}\\text{U} . (a) What is the activity of the plate? (b) Calculate the total energy that will be released by the {}^{238}\\text{U} decay. (c) If energy is worth 12.0 cents per \\text{kW} \\cdot \\text{h} , what is the monetary value of the energy emitted? (These brightly-colored ceramic plates went out of production some 30 years ago, but are still available as collectibles.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9941}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14345", "question_text": "Calculate the concentration ofPO43\u00e2\u0088\u0092PO43\u00e2\u0088\u0092when Ag3PO4starts to precipitate from a solution that is 0.0125Min Ag+.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16787", "question_text": "Many decades ago, the astronomers on the staff of Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories each received about 60 nights per year for their observing programs. Today, an astronomer feels fortunate to get 10 nights per year on a large telescope. Can you suggest some reasons for this change?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8428}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21415", "question_text": "Entitlement (or mandatory) spending is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7917}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13909", "question_text": "Starting with the definition of rate of effusion and Graham\u00e2\u0080\u0099s finding relating rate and molar mass, show how to derive the Graham\u00e2\u0080\u0099s law equation, relating the relative rates of effusion for two gases to their molecular masses.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24035", "question_text": "How do terms of reference and address affect relationships within the family?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26845", "question_text": "A nurse is educating a client with an opioid use disorder and their parent about how to recognize the signs and symptoms of opioid overdose and when to administer naloxone. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11001", "question_text": "Which recombination frequency corresponds to perfect linkage and violates the law of independent assortment?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9529}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27004", "question_text": "A client being treated for GERD arrives at the clinic with complaints of constipation and flatulence. Which of the following medications is likely causing these symptoms?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13579", "question_text": "When 1.0 g of fructose, C6H12O6(s), a sugar commonly found in fruits, is burned in oxygen in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases by 1.58 \u00c2\u00b0C. If the heat capacity of the calorimeter and its contents is 9.90 kJ/\u00c2\u00b0C, what isqfor this combustion?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9654}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25768", "question_text": "LO4.1Assume you are the controller of a large corporation, and the chief executive officer (CEO) has requested that you explain to them why the net income that you are reporting for the year is so low, when the CEO knows for a fact that the cash accounts are much higher at the end of the year than they were at the beginning of the year. Write a memo to the CEO to offer some possible explanations for the disparity between financial statement net income and the change in cash during the year.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.754}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12846", "question_text": "Compare and contrast adult hemoglobin and fetal hemoglobin.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09179", "question_text": "In the Ouchterlony assay, we see a sharp precipitin arc form between antigen and antiserum. Why does this arc remain visible for a long time?    A. The antibody molecules are too large to diffuse through the agar.   B. The precipitin lattice is too large to diffuse through the agar.   C. Methanol, added once the arc forms, denatures the protein and blocks diffusion.   D. The antigen molecules are chemically coupled to the gel matrix.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9887}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14956", "question_text": "How do jogging on soft ground and wearing padded shoes reduce the pressures to which the feet and legs are subjected?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9865}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06745", "question_text": "A Carnot refrigerator, working between 0\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} and 30\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} is used to cool a bucket of water containing 10^{-2}\\ \\text{m}^{3} of water at 30\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} to 5\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} in 2 hours. Find the total amount of work needed.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23125", "question_text": "Neurons that make up the hypoglossal cranial nerve (#12), and a motoneuron from the ventrolateral spine, are bothlowermotoneurons because (by definition) they:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9694}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01997", "question_text": "G(x) = \\sqrt{5x - 1}, find   \u24d0 G(5)   \u24d1 G(2)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08947", "question_text": "The phenotype of an organism that is most commonly observed in nature is called the ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8683}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05065", "question_text": "What is the internal resistance of an automobile battery that has an emf of 12.0 V and a terminal voltage of 15.0 V while a current of 8.00 A is charging it?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9426}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10611", "question_text": "The United States Senator who led the noninterventionists in Congress and called for neutrality legislation in the 1930s was ________.    A. Gerald P. Nye   B. Robert Wagner   C. George C. Marshall   D. Neville Chamberlain", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9933}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05304", "question_text": "(a) The planet Pluto and its Moon Charon are separated by 19,600 km. Neglecting atmospheric effects, should the 5.08-m-diameter Mount Palomar telescope be able to resolve these bodies when they are 4\\text{.}{\\text{50} \\times \\text{10}^{9}}\\ \\text{km} from Earth? Assume an average wavelength of 550 nm.(b) In actuality, it is just barely possible to discern that Pluto and Charon are separate bodies using an Earth-based telescope. What are the reasons for this?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9198}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09649", "question_text": "[LO 12.4](12-4-describe-the-balanced-scorecard-and-explain-how-it-is-used) People affected by decisions made by a company, including investors, creditors, employees, managers, regulators, customers, suppliers, and laypeople, are known as ________.    A. quantitative factors   B. qualitative factors   C. stakeholders   D. stockholders", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05713", "question_text": "A hydrogen gas discharge lamp emits visible light at four wavelengths, \\lambda = 410, 434, 486, and 656 nm. (a) If light from this lamp falls on a _N_ slits separated by 0.025 mm, how far from the central maximum are the third maxima when viewed on a screen 2.0 m from the slits? (b) By what distance are the second and third maxima separated for l = 486\\ \\text{nm} ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5785}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19482", "question_text": "Draw a simple star schema for a problem involving product sales according to time, region, and price.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17940", "question_text": "If the number of degrees of freedom for a chi-square distribution is 25, what is the population mean and standard deviation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8018}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20369", "question_text": "What price will a perfectly competitive firm end up charging in the long run? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5354}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15821", "question_text": "When the radius of the circular path of rotational motion increases, what happens to the arc length for a given angle of rotation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20956", "question_text": "Have the spending and taxes of the U.S. federal government generally had an upward or a downward trend in the last few decades?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16015", "question_text": "What isabsolute zeroon the Celsius scale?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9642}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06488", "question_text": "A collective mark identifies a trademark owned by a member of a certain organization. True or False?    A. True.   B. False.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9843}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08145", "question_text": "You are given two wind instruments of identical length. One is open at both ends, whereas the other is closed at one end. Which is able to produce the lowest frequency?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15395", "question_text": "How are the classical laws of conservation of energy and conservation of mass modified by modern relativity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17734", "question_text": "What is the mean of\u00ce\u00a3X?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23677", "question_text": "Why did most White ethnic Americans come to the United States?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26858", "question_text": "The nurse is teaching a group of cardiac rehab clients about the electrical conduction of the heart. What statement made by a client best indicates the teaching is effective?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04459", "question_text": "Show that the sum of the vectors discussed in [Example 3.2](3-2-vector- addition-and-subtraction-graphical-methods) gives the result shown in [Figure 3.23](3-2-vector-addition-and-subtraction-graphical-methods) .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20396", "question_text": "Is a monopolist a price taker? Explain briefly.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23623", "question_text": "The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05285", "question_text": "(a) What do the four angles in the above problem become if a 5000-line-per- centimeter diffraction grating is used? (b) Using this grating, what would the angles be for the second-order maxima? (c) Discuss the relationship between integral reductions in lines per centimeter and the new angles of various order maxima.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7185}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09140", "question_text": "A TCR is a protein dimer embedded in the plasma membrane of a T cell. The ________ region of each of the two protein chains is what gives it the capability to bind to a presented antigen.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8684}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24821", "question_text": "What is the principle of clinical equipoise?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9647}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01161", "question_text": "line 2x + 5y = -10 , point \\left( {10,4} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5226}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24856", "question_text": "What is meant by historicity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16572", "question_text": "Why does the strength of the strong force diminish under high-energy conditions?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8738}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15456", "question_text": "ConsiderFigure 31.3. If an electric field is substituted for the magnetic field with positive charge instead of the north pole and negative charge instead of the south pole, in which directions will the\u00ce\u00b1\u00ce\u00b1,\u00ce\u00b2\u00ce\u00b2, and\u00ce\u00b3\u00ce\u00b3rays bend?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8348}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26390", "question_text": "An experiment with a probability of success given as 0.40 is\nrepeated 100 times. Use the normal distribution to approximate the\nbinomial distribution, and find the probability the experiment will have\nat least 45 successes.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08411", "question_text": "Graph of the linear function f(x) = {-x} + 6 .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6583}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03863", "question_text": "Do unions typically oppose new technology out of a fear that it will reduce the number of union jobs? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24031", "question_text": "In what ways do peasants contribute to the global economy, and how might it affect them?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04503", "question_text": "Two children pull a third child on a snow saucer sled exerting forces \\textbf{F}_{1} and \\textbf{F}_{2} as shown from above in [Figure 4.35](4-problems-exercises#import-auto-id1789737) . Find the acceleration of the 49.00-kg sled and child system. Note that the direction of the frictional force is unspecified; it will be in the opposite direction of the sum of \\textbf{F}_{1} and \\textbf{F}_{2} .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10572", "question_text": "How did Roosevelt intercede in the Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902?    A. He invited strikers and owners to the White House.   B. He urged the owners to negotiate a deal.   C. He threatened to send in the army to work the mines.   D. He ordered the National Guard to protect the strikers.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07501", "question_text": "A seagull can fly at a velocity of 9.00 m/s in still air. (a) If it takes the bird 20.0 min to travel 6.00 km straight into an oncoming wind, what is the velocity of the wind? (b) If the bird turns around and flies with the wind, how long will it take the bird to return 6.00 km?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9824}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12485", "question_text": "Aside from the nervous system, which other organ system develops out of the ectoderm?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8639}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00965", "question_text": "-3\\left( {6m - 1} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8447}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26132", "question_text": "LO5.3What are the four steps involved in determining the cost of inventory transferred from one department to the next and the cost of work in process inventory?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6602}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04724", "question_text": "The hydraulic system of a backhoe is used to lift a load as shown in [Figure 11.42](11-problems-exercises#import-auto-id1349464) . (a) Calculate the force F the secondary cylinder must exert to support the 400-kg load and the 150-kg brace and shovel. (b) What is the pressure in the hydraulic fluid if the secondary cylinder is 2.50 cm in diameter? (c) What force would you have to exert on a lever with a mechanical advantage of 5.00 acting on a primary cylinder 0.800 cm in diameter to create this pressure?  Figure 11.42 Hydraulic and mechanical lever systems are used in heavy machinery such as this back hoe.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26324", "question_text": "In a survey, 40 people were asked how many times they visited a store before making a major purchase. The results are shown inTable 2.37. Number of times in storeFrequency142103164654Table2.37", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9421}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24052", "question_text": "What is the significance of symbolism in religion?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9762}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11202", "question_text": "Which statement isnottrue of viral replication?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23108", "question_text": "Which brain system is most responsible for the emotional response to pain?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9478}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09442", "question_text": "[LO 1.5](1-5-describe-trends-in-todays-business-environment-and-analyze-their- impact-on-accounting) Which of the following is _not_ true regarding continuous improvement?    A. It applies to both service and manufacturing companies.   B. It is used to reduce performance costs.   C. It rejects the idea of \u201cgood enough.\u201d   D. It can be applied only to improve processes and products but not services and practices.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9781}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14505", "question_text": "Automobile batteries are often rated with regard to \u00e2\u0080\u009ccold-cranking amps,\u00e2\u0080\u009d a measure of the ability of the battery to perform in low-temperature weather. Suggest a reason to explain why a battery\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ability to deliver current is diminished at low temperatures. (Hint: Consider the kinetics of chemical reactions.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.485}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01530", "question_text": "\\left( {u + 1} \\right)^{2} = 45", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5479}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25189", "question_text": "What spin-off ideas can you think of that support a gig economy? For example, what services or products might gig employees value or gig employers value?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6327}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17508", "question_text": "Write the symbols for the probability that a player is an outfielder or is a great hitter.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25882", "question_text": "LO9.4What is an earnings management benefit from showing an increased figure for bad debt expense?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9696}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12371", "question_text": "Depolarization of the sarcolemma means ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7876}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07677", "question_text": "A 7.0-kg box slides along a horizontal frictionless floor at 1.7 m/s and collides with a relatively massless spring that compresses 23 cm before the box comes to a stop. (a) How much kinetic energy does the box have before it collides with the spring? (b) Calculate the work done by the spring. (c) Determine the spring constant of the spring.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06281", "question_text": "In general, children in ______ households benefit from divorce.    A. stepfamily   B. multigenerational   C. high-conflict   D. low-conflict", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15676", "question_text": "A student is asked to solve a problem: An object falls from a height for 2.0 s, at which point it is still 60 m above the ground. What will be the velocity of the object when it hits the ground? Which of the following provides the correct order of kinematic equations that can be used to solve the problem?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14861", "question_text": "When solving for speed inExample 7.4, we kept only the positive root. Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21123", "question_text": "Which statement is most accurate about the sources of revenue for local and state governments?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8644}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11315", "question_text": "Why are fungal insecticides an attractive alternative to chemical pesticides for growing food crops?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9852}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18386", "question_text": "Find the present value of $100,000 in an account bearing 5.25% interest compounded daily after 30 years.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26320", "question_text": "LO13.3Explain the role and purpose of the Global Reporting Initiative.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9813}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17706", "question_text": "Find the 80thpercentile.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07403", "question_text": "A skater glides along a circular path of radius 5.00 m in clockwise direction. When he coasts around one-half of the circle, starting from the west point, find (a) the magnitude of his displacement vector and (b) how far he actually skated. (c) What is the magnitude of his displacement vector when he skates all the way around the circle and comes back to the west point?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9744}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16272", "question_text": "Water floats on a liquid calledcarbon tetrachloride. The two liquids do not mix. A light ray passing from water into carbon tetrachloride has an incident angle of 45.0\u00c2\u00b0 and an angle of refraction of 40.1\u00c2\u00b0. If the index of refraction of water is 1.33, what is the index of refraction of carbon tetrachloride?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5662}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13658", "question_text": "Identify the subshell in which electrons with the following quantum numbers are found: (a)n= 2,l= 1 (b)n= 4,l= 2 (c)n= 6,l= 0", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03228", "question_text": "Substance A is shiny, conducts electricity well, and melts at 975 \u00b0C. Substance A is likely a(n): (a) ionic solid (b) metallic solid (c) molecular solid (d) covalent network solid", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4909}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11023", "question_text": "Which of the following is not a true statement comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.903}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02987", "question_text": "What is the maximum mass of carbohydrate in a 6-oz serving of diet soda that contains less than 1 Calorie per can if the average number of Calories for carbohydrates is 4.1 Calories/g?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9759}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25299", "question_text": "How can an entrepreneur use preliminary financial information in planning a new business?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9591}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22529", "question_text": "Which of the following statements is true regarding U.S. adolescents and sexual intercourse?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5029}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01529", "question_text": "\\left( {p - 5} \\right)^{2} + 3 = 19", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8408}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07981", "question_text": "The image shows how sandbags placed around a leak outside a river levee can effectively stop the flow of water under the levee. Explain how the small amount of water inside the column of sandbags is able to balance the much larger body of water behind the levee.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20385", "question_text": "Productive efficiency and allocative efficiency are two concepts achieved in the long run in a perfectly competitive market. These are the two reasons why we call them \u00e2\u0080\u009cperfect.\u00e2\u0080\u009d How would you use these two concepts to analyze other market structures and label them \u00e2\u0080\u009cimperfect?\u00e2\u0080\u009d", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09031", "question_text": "Selective toxicity antimicrobials are easier to develop against bacteria because they are ________ cells, whereas human cells are eukaryotic.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9884}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17748", "question_text": "Find the probability that the mean actual weight for the 100 weights is greater than 25.2.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15555", "question_text": "If neutrino oscillations do occur, will they violate conservation of the various lepton family numbers (LeLe,L\u00ce\u00bcL\u00ce\u00bc, andL\u00cf\u0084L\u00cf\u0084)? Will neutrino oscillations violate conservation of the total number of leptons?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7865}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10673", "question_text": "Potassium has an atomic number of 19. What is its electron configuration?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9019}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14233", "question_text": "Show by suitable net ionic equations that each of the following species can act as a Br\u00c3\u00b8nsted-Lowry base: (a) H2O (b) OH\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (c) NH3 (d) CN\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (e) S2\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (f)H2PO4\u00e2\u0088\u0092H2PO4\u00e2\u0088\u0092", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26098", "question_text": "LO3.5Define operating leverage and explain its importance to a company and how it relates to risk.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9309}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20973", "question_text": "Why is spending by the U.S. government on scientific research at NASA fiscal policy while spending by the University of Illinois is not fiscal policy? Why is a cut in the payroll tax fiscal policy whereas a cut in a state income tax is not fiscal policy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9782}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01954", "question_text": "\\frac{6x}{x - 6} \\leq 2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.901}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25831", "question_text": "LO7.4How often do we post the cash column in the cash receipts journal to the subsidiary ledger?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9609}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01912", "question_text": "The area of a rectangular place mat is 168 square inches. Its length is two inches longer than the width. Find the length and width of the placemat.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9793}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15257", "question_text": "Discuss the possibility that a Hall voltage would be generated on the moving heart of a patient during MRI imaging. Also discuss the same effect on the wires of a pacemaker. (The fact that patients with pacemakers are not given MRIs is significant.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9751}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01561", "question_text": "A triangular banner has an area of 351 square centimeters. The length of the base is two centimeters longer than four times the height. Find the height and length of the base.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9854}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25060", "question_text": "The following are clauses in the U.S. Constitution that relate to international law.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9846}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15121", "question_text": "Given the polar character of water molecules, explain how ions in the air form nucleation centers for rain droplets.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7063}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23973", "question_text": "Draw a floor plan for your ideal home. What rooms would you have, and why? How would those rooms be organized? How is the imagined structure of this home shaped by an imagined lifestyle? What form of family or social relations are embedded in your house plan? What forms of work? What notions about gender and age are assumed?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9809}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18654", "question_text": "Determine the winner by ranked-choice voting if two of the voters in the second column up-rank the original winner. Refer to Question 4. Which fairness criterion, if any, is violated?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9856}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25800", "question_text": "LO6.2Sunrise Flowers sells flowers to a customer on credit for $130 on October 18, with a cost of sale to Sunrise of $50. What entry to recognize this sale is required if Sunrise Flowers uses aperpetualinventory system?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04525", "question_text": "During a circus act, one performer swings upside down hanging from a trapeze holding another, also upside-down, performer by the legs. If the upward force on the lower performer is three times her weight, how much do the bones (the femurs) in her upper legs stretch? You may assume each is equivalent to a uniform rod 35.0 cm long and 1.80 cm in radius. Her mass is 60.0 kg.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9826}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15969", "question_text": "In 2003, Earth and Mars were the closest they had been in 50,000 years. The two planets were aligned so that Earth was between Mars and the sun. At that time it took light from the sun 500 s to reach Earth and 687 s to get to Mars. What was the distance from Mars to Earth?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.764}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01550", "question_text": "4x^{2} - 5x + 1 = 0", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5417}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19989", "question_text": "Briefly explain each of the project management methodologies: PMBOK, Agile, and PRINCE2.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15744", "question_text": "True or False\u00e2\u0080\u0094Every 2-D vector can be expressed as the product of its x and y-components.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9522}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19513", "question_text": "Explain what is wrong with the notion that computer software does not need to evolve over time.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7497}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25825", "question_text": "LO7.1Why are scanners better than keyboards?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8914}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09090", "question_text": "________ on phagocytes bind to PAMPs on bacteria, which triggers the uptake and destruction of the bacterial pathogens?    A. PRRs   B. AMPs   C. PAMPs   D. PMNs", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22363", "question_text": "What are the psychosocial stages of infancy and toddlerhood in Erikson\u00e2\u0080\u0099s theory, and how does environment play a role in each?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00842", "question_text": "9x + 7 when x = 3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8009}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15201", "question_text": "If two household lightbulbs rated 60 W and 100 W are connected in series to household power, which will be brighter? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4838}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25764", "question_text": "LO4.3If adjusting entries include these listed accounts, what other account must be in that entry as well? (A) Depreciation expense; (B) Unearned Service Revenue; (C) Prepaid Insurance; (D) Interest Payable.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18261", "question_text": "How many addition rules are there for a base 7 system?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21374", "question_text": "In a ________ legislature, members tend to have low salaries, shorter sessions, and few staff members to assist them with their legislative functions. professionalcitizenhybridunicameral", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18079", "question_text": "Write the set consisting of the last five letters of the English alphabet using the roster method.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23356", "question_text": "Patient H.M. had the anterior two-thirds of his medial temporal lobe removed.  As a result, he suffered from _____, or the inability to form new memories.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9955}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14729", "question_text": "Plutonium was detected in trace amounts in natural uranium deposits by Glenn Seaborg and his associates in 1941. They proposed that the source of this239Pu was the capture of neutrons by238U nuclei. Why is this plutonium not likely to have been trapped at the time the solar system formed 4.7\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u0097109years ago?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9893}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11719", "question_text": "Although there are many different hormones in the human body, they can be divided into three classes based on their chemical structure. What are these classes and what is one factor that distinguishes them?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11764", "question_text": "Describe the joints and motions involved in taking a step forward if a person is initially standing still. Assume the person holds his foot at the same angle throughout the motion.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.855}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06309", "question_text": "Which statement best explains the meaning of \u201cone person, one vote\u201d?    A. One person should not be allowed to vote twice.   B. A voter deserves one chance to vote.   C. A voter should vote only once a year.   D. All people's votes should count equally.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5729}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04781", "question_text": "The escape velocity from the Moon is much smaller than from Earth and is only 2.38 km/s. At what temperature would hydrogen molecules (molecular mass is equal to 2.016 g/mol) have an average velocity v_{\\text{rms}}{} equal to the Moon\u2019s escape velocity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9644}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10406", "question_text": "\\left( {11a - 6} \\right)\\left( {5a - 1} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3124}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18282", "question_text": "How many symbols are needed for a base 9 system?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9557}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03538", "question_text": "Describe the production of metallic aluminum by electrolytic reduction.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02873", "question_text": "Using the periodic table, predict whether the following chlorides are ionic or covalent: KCl, NCl 3 , ICl, MgCl 2 , PCl 5 , and CCl 4 .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05373", "question_text": "(a) What is the maximum energy in eV of photons produced in a CRT using a 25.0-kV accelerating potential, such as a color TV? (b) What is their frequency?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8766}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15881", "question_text": "True or false\u00e2\u0080\u0094Gravitational force is the attraction of the mass of one object to the mass of another. Light, either as a particle or a wave, has no rest mass. Despite this fact gravity bends a beam of light.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7751}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09322", "question_text": "Which of the following diseases is caused by a helminth?    A. leishmaniasis   B. malaria   C. Chagas disease   D. schistosomiasis", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9085}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12655", "question_text": "Which of the formed elements arise from myeloid stem cells?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9936}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24893", "question_text": "Which of the following isnottrue? Shareholder primacy is the clear legal precedent in the United States.Maximizing shareholder profits is a legitimate goal of management.Dividends are paid out of corporate profits.Companies that pursue CSR policies can also be profitable.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6043}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17633", "question_text": "Find the probability that a randomly chosen car in the lot was less than four years old.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25089", "question_text": "Why is knowing your vision for the future important?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8613}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12693", "question_text": "In which septum is it normal to find openings in the adult?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14061", "question_text": "Lysozyme is an enzyme that cleaves cell walls. A 0.100-L sample of a solution of lysozyme that contains 0.0750 g of the enzyme exhibits an osmotic pressure of 1.32\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00923atm at 25 \u00c2\u00b0C. Assuming ideal solution behavior, what is the molar mass of lysozyme?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7691}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20876", "question_text": "How does the existence of money simplify the process of buying and selling?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6343}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10139", "question_text": "24 \\div (0.1 + 0.02)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9062}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07951", "question_text": "(a) What is the orbital radius of an Earth satellite having a period of 1.00 h? (b) What is unreasonable about this result?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06271", "question_text": "Which factor most increases the risk of an elderly person suffering mistreatment?    A. Bereavement due to widowhood   B. Having been abusive as a younger adult   C. Being frail to the point of dependency on care   D. The ability to bestow a large inheritance on survivors", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04842", "question_text": "A car tire contains 0\\text{.}\\text{0380}m^{3} of nitrogen at a gauge pressure of 2\\text{.}\\text{20}\\times\\text{10}^{5}\\ \\text{N/m}^{2} (about 32 psi). How much more internal energy does this gas have than the same volume has at zero gauge pressure (which is equivalent to normal atmospheric pressure)? (Use E_{\\text{int}} = \\frac{5}{2}NkT for the internal energy of nitrogen, a diatomic gas.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6616}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13048", "question_text": "Endometriosis is a disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue found outside the uterus\u00e2\u0080\u0094in the uterine tubes, on the ovaries, or even in the pelvic cavity. Offer a hypothesis as to why endometriosis increases a woman\u00e2\u0080\u0099s risk of infertility.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09549", "question_text": "[LO 7.1](7-1-describe-how-and-why-managers-use-budgets) What is a budget and what are the different types of budgets?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7706}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09846", "question_text": "True or false? Some telecommuters may be penalized by a perception that they are lazy.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9578}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24143", "question_text": "Which religious order joined the French settlement in Canada and tried to convert the natives to Christianity? FranciscansCalvinistsAnglicansJesuits", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9941}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23594", "question_text": "When it comes to media and technology, a functionalist would focus on:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25857", "question_text": "LO8.3Technology can be used to support a strong internal control system. Discuss how technology has improved the point-of-sale transactions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7002}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18444", "question_text": "Bethanie\u00e2\u0080\u0099s employer matches up to 7% of annual salary for deposits into the company sponsored IRA. Bethanie earns $62,400 annually. She deposits $8,000 annually inter her IRA. How much does the company deposit in Bethanie\u00e2\u0080\u0099s IRA?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9667}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23933", "question_text": "Which of the following is an example of collective behavior?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03439", "question_text": "A solution is 0.010 _M_ in both Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ . What percentage of Cd 2+ remains in the solution when 99.9% of the Cu 2+ has been precipitated as CuS by adding sulfide?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8129}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10812", "question_text": "A reducing chemical reaction ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7654}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06439", "question_text": "America would resist all efforts to outlaw the piracy of foreign works for how long?    A. Until 1810.   B. Until the end of the Civil War in 1865.   C. Until 1891.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9885}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01522", "question_text": "A helicopter flying at an altitude of 600 feet dropped a package to a lifeboat. Use the formula t = \\frac{\\sqrt{h}}{4} to find how many seconds it took for the package to reach the hiker. Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a second.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24779", "question_text": "What is ikigai, and how is it distinct from hedonistic well-being?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14938", "question_text": "Competitive divers pull their limbs in and curl up their bodies when they do flips. Just before entering the water, they fully extend their limbs to enter straight down. Explain the effect of both actions on their angular velocities. Also explain the effect on their angular momenta. Figure10.33The diver spins rapidly when curled up and slows when she extends her limbs before entering the water.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9955}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08343", "question_text": "Term limits have produced a statistically significant increase in the number of women serving in state legislatures.    A. True   B. False", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01974", "question_text": "\u24d0 r^{\\frac{1}{2}} \u24d1 s^{\\frac{1}{3}} \u24d2 t^{\\frac{1}{4}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.513}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21105", "question_text": "What actions by the British government convinced the colonists that they needed to declare their independence?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.751}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07940", "question_text": "The International Space Station has a mass of approximately 370,000 kg. (a) What is the force on a 150-kg suited astronaut if she is 20 m from the center of mass of the station? (b) How accurate do you think your answer would be? Figure 13.33 (credit: \u00a9ESA\u2013David Ducros)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24844", "question_text": "What is normative legitimacy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8936}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11092", "question_text": "What is the difference between a repressible and an inducible operon?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17218", "question_text": "If the formation of a neutron star leads to a supernova explosion, explain why only three of the hundreds of known pulsars are found in supernova remnants.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9834}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06942", "question_text": "Three capacitors having capacitances of 8.40, 8.40, and 4.20 \\text{\u03bc}\\text{F} , respectively, are connected in series across a 36.0-V potential difference. (a) What is the charge on the 4.20\\text{-}\\text{\u03bc}\\text{F} capacitor? (b) The capacitors are disconnected from the potential difference without allowing them to discharge. They are then reconnected in parallel with each other with the positively charged plates connected together. What is the voltage across each capacitor in the parallel combination?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6898}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02583", "question_text": "2\\;\\sin\\;\\theta = -1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8759}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21684", "question_text": "Pakistan ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14139", "question_text": "Compare the functions of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07565", "question_text": "A 120-kg astronaut is riding in a rocket sled that is sliding along an inclined plane. The sled has a horizontal component of acceleration of 5.0\\ {\\text{m}\\text{/}\\text{s}^{2}} and a downward component of 3.8\\ {\\text{m}\\text{/}\\text{s}^{2}} . Calculate the magnitude of the force on the rider by the sled. ( _Hint_ : Remember that gravitational acceleration must be considered.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05986", "question_text": "The wave function is evaluated at spherical coordinates (r,\\theta,\\phi) = \\left( {\\sqrt{3},45\\text{\u00b0},45\\text{\u00b0}} \\right), where the value of the radial coordinate is given in arbitrary units. What are the rectangular coordinates of this position?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8191}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15183", "question_text": "Some surgery is performed with high-voltage electricity passing from a metal scalpel through the tissue being cut. Considering the nature of electric fields at the surface of conductors, why would you expect most of the current to flow from the sharp edge of the scalpel? Do you think high- or low-frequency AC is used?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7867}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16375", "question_text": "How does current depend on resistance in Ohm\u00e2\u0080\u0099s law?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11906", "question_text": "Understory plants in a temperate forest have adaptations to capture limited ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05820", "question_text": "A supernova explosion of a 2.00\\ \\times \\ 10^{31}\\ \\text{kg} star produces 1.00\\ \\times \\ 10^{44}\\ \\text{J} of energy. (a) How many kilograms of mass are converted to energy in the explosion? (b) What is the ratio \\text{\u0394}m\\text{/}m of mass destroyed to the original mass of the star?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6752}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19563", "question_text": "What is MVC?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09767", "question_text": "True or false: U.S. union membership today is at the lowest level since the 1950s.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5308}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02625", "question_text": "\\beta = 50{^\\circ},a = 105,\\mathbf{b} = 45", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7534}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20568", "question_text": "Explain how you would create a government program that would give an incentive for labor to increase hours and keep labor from falling into the poverty trap.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16680", "question_text": "Discuss how latitude and longitude on Earth are similar to declination and right ascension in the sky.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9486}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22004", "question_text": "The frontal lobes become fully developed ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9778}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03053", "question_text": "Compare both the numbers of protons and electrons present in each to rank the following ions in order of increasing radius: As 3\u2013 , Br \u2013 , K + , Mg 2+ .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20487", "question_text": "An emissions tax on a quantity of emissions from a firm is not a command-and-control approach to reducing pollution. Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08385", "question_text": "Find the local extrema for the function graphed in [Exercise 1.28](1-review- exercises#fs-id1165137575929) .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9144}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19203", "question_text": "The future of society will be shaped by thephilosophyof computer science and people\u00e2\u0080\u0099s purposes, motivations, and political values. Give another philosophy that might influence or affect how computer scientists go about creating solutions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9599}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09217", "question_text": "The first-line recommended treatment for sporotrichosis is:    A. itraconazole   B. clindamycin   C. amphotericin   D. nystatin", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9042}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11250", "question_text": "Synthetic compounds found in an organism but not normally produced or expected to be present in that organism are called _____.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9763}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16376", "question_text": "In the context of electricity, what is resistivity?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01415", "question_text": "Jeffrey can paint a house in 6 days, but if he gets a helper he can do it in 4 days. How long would it take the helper to paint the house alone?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27039", "question_text": "Which of the following statements is correct?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9913}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26312", "question_text": "LO12.3Which of the performance measures\u00e2\u0080\u0094ROI, RI, or EVA\u00e2\u0080\u0094is best, and why? Explain your answer thoroughly.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9388}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08720", "question_text": "Flukes are in class _________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9342}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09374", "question_text": "The ________ is the main virulence factor of _Cryptococcus neoformans_ .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17683", "question_text": "In a normal distribution,x= \u00e2\u0080\u00932 andz= 6. This tells you thatx= \u00e2\u0080\u00932 is ____ standard deviations to the ____ (right or left) of the mean.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9311}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22497", "question_text": "The act of threatening another person\u00e2\u0080\u0099s peer status by gossiping about them is an example of ________ aggression, a form that is more likely to be experience by girls than by boys.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26397", "question_text": "Draw the graph fromExercise 7.9", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4732}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07895", "question_text": "What can you say about the velocity of a moving body that is in dynamic equilibrium?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8352}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03799", "question_text": "Explain all the reasons why a decrease in a product's price would lead to an increase in purchases.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15397", "question_text": "We know that the velocity of an object with mass has an upper limit ofcc. Is there an upper limit on its momentum? Its energy? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9739}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01566", "question_text": "y = -3x^{2} + 3x - 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4879}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01040", "question_text": "21(c - 1) - 19(c + 1)   = 2(c - 20)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5468}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07074", "question_text": "The mass and charge of a water droplet are 1.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{-4}\\text{g} and 2.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{-8}\\text{C}, respectively. If the droplet is given an initial horizontal velocity of 5.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{5}\\mathbf{\\hat{i}}\\text{m/s}, what magnetic field will keep it moving in this direction? Why must gravity be considered here?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5507}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05343", "question_text": "(a) Calculate the speed of a 1.00-\\mu\\text{g} particle of dust that has the same momentum as a proton moving at 0\\text{.}\\text{999}c . (b) What does the small speed tell us about the mass of a proton compared to even a tiny amount of macroscopic matter?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02936", "question_text": "Great Lakes Chemical Company produces bromine, Br 2 , from bromide salts such as NaBr, in Arkansas brine by treating the brine with chlorine gas. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of NaBr with Cl 2 .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17879", "question_text": "State the distribution to use for the hypothesis test.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09709", "question_text": "A distinguishing characteristic of justice theory is that it emphasizes method over content.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9939}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17185", "question_text": "Describe the evolution of a star with a mass similar to that of the Sun, from just after it first becomes a red giant to the time it exhausts the last type of fuel its core is capable of fusing.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22602", "question_text": "Medical conditions that occur more commonly in people with weakened immune systems are called:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9898}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09129", "question_text": "A patient gets a cold, and recovers a few days later. The patient's classmates come down with the same cold roughly a week later, but the original patient does not get the same cold again. This is an example of:    A. Natural active immunity   B. Artificial active immunity   C. Natural passive immunity   D. Artificial passive immunity", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23133", "question_text": "Which brain structure is NOT a part of the basal ganglia?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9886}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02934", "question_text": "Complete and balance the equations for the following acid-base neutralization reactions. If water is used as a solvent, write the reactants and products as aqueous ions. In some cases, there may be more than one correct answer, depending on the amounts of reactants used. (a) \\text{Mg}\\text{(OH)}_{2}(s) + \\text{HClO}_{4}(aq)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ (b) \\text{SO}_{3}(g) + \\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(l)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\;\\text{(assume an excess of water and that the product dissolves)} (c) \\text{SrO}(s) + \\text{H}_{2}\\text{SO}_{4}(l)\\ \\longrightarrow\\", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.474}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13523", "question_text": "A sample of 0.53 g of carbon dioxide was obtained by heating 1.31 g of calcium carbonate. What is the percent yield for this reaction? CaCO3(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CaO(s)+CO2(s)CaCO3(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CaO(s)+CO2(s)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05940", "question_text": "Some unstable elementary particle has a rest energy of 80.41 GeV and an uncertainty in rest energy of 2.06 GeV. Estimate the lifetime of this particle.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9828}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07446", "question_text": "Between _t_ = 0 and _t_ = _t_ 0 , a rocket moves straight upward with an acceleration given by a(t) = A - Bt^{1\\ \\text{/}2} , where _A_ and _B_ are constants. (a) If _x_ is in meters and _t_ is in seconds, what are the units of _A_ and _B_ ? (b) If the rocket starts from rest, how does the velocity vary between _t_ = 0 and _t_ = _t_ 0 ? (c) If its initial position is zero, what is the rocket\u2019s position as a function of time during this same time interval?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8127}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16126", "question_text": "When do the amplitudes of two waves get added?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23867", "question_text": "How do you think the United States economy will change as we move closer to a technology-driven service economy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23376", "question_text": "You are performing an LTP experiment and delivering high frequency stimulation to Schaffer collaterals.  Which treatment when applied to the hippocampal slice would NOT interfere with LTP induction at these CA3-CA1 synapses?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9737}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00986", "question_text": "\u201312\u00b0 Celsius", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9902}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06519", "question_text": "What impact did the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA) of 1979 have on trade secret protection in the United States?    A. It was the first trade secret law binding on every state.   B. It served as a model that was adopted by 48 of the 50 U.S. states.   C. It served as a model that was adopted by every state.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9471}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25229", "question_text": "The ________ is the specific request for funding, mentorship, collaborators, and/or business partners that appears in a pitch. askrequestpitchcontest", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9807}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02774", "question_text": "Calculate P\\left( {18,4} \\right).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25549", "question_text": "What are major disadvantages of a sole proprietorship?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9955}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20237", "question_text": "What is deadweight loss?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7217}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18707", "question_text": "Leaving the water running when washing your hands consumes about 4 gal of water, whereas turning the water off when lathering reduces the water used to 1 gal. How much water is saved in an apartment of 4 people in 6 months (180 days) if each person averages washing their hands twice a day?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9532}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21847", "question_text": "The ________ content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9411}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15486", "question_text": "Suppose a person swallows some radioactive material by accident. What information is needed to be able to assess possible damage?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9173}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04993", "question_text": "Unreasonable Results (a) What is the final speed of an electron accelerated from rest through a voltage of 25.0 MV by a negatively charged Van de Graaff terminal? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are responsible?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9859}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16200", "question_text": "How is human speech produced?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.928}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09919", "question_text": "9x - 5\\ \\text{when}\\ x = 7", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8195}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06949", "question_text": "A parallel-plate capacitor is filled with two dielectrics, as shown below. Show that the capacitance is given by C = 2\\varepsilon_{0}\\frac{A}{d}\\ \\frac{\\kappa_{1}\\kappa_{2}}{\\kappa_{1} + \\kappa_{2}}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04011", "question_text": "Is a country for which imports and exports comprise a large fraction of the GDP more likely to adopt a flexible exchange rate or a fixed (hard peg) exchange rate?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.912}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12270", "question_text": "Define the two divisions of the skeleton.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10154", "question_text": "When a die is tossed, the probability it will land with an even number of dots on the top side is \\text{50\\%}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9871}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06004", "question_text": "Estimate the wavelength of the K_{\\text{\u03b1}} X-ray from calcium.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7653}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04729", "question_text": "(a) As blood passes through the capillary bed in an organ, the capillaries join to form venules (small veins). If the blood speed increases by a factor of 4.00 and the total cross-sectional area of the venules is \\text{10}\\text{.}0\\ \\text{cm}^{2} , what is the total cross-sectional area of the capillaries feeding these venules? (b) How many capillaries are involved if their average diameter is 10.0\\ \\mu\\text{m} ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9683}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25783", "question_text": "LO5.2What account types are included in a post-closing trial balance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.617}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06737", "question_text": "A heat engine operates between two temperatures such that the working substance of the engine absorbs 5000 J of heat from the high-temperature bath and discharges 3000 J to the low-temperature bath. The rest of the energy is converted into mechanical energy of the turbine. Find (a) the amount of work produced by the engine and (b) the efficiency of the engine.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17057", "question_text": "What are the approximate spectral classes of stars with the following characteristics? Balmer lines of hydrogen are very strong; some lines of ionized metals are present.The strongest lines are those of ionized helium.Lines of ionized calcium are the strongest in the spectrum; hydrogen lines show only moderate strength; lines of neutral and metals are present.The strongest lines are those of neutral metals and bands of titanium oxide.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6794}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11014", "question_text": "In eukaryotes, what is the DNA wrapped around?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9567}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04141", "question_text": "[LO 3.5](3-5-use-journal-entries-to-record-transactions-and-post-to-t- accounts) Explain what a T-account is and what purpose it serves.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22383", "question_text": "What physical activity recommendation does the World Health Organization make to ensure good overall development in children between three and four years of age?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9605}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07897", "question_text": "If an odd number of forces act on an object, the object cannot be in equilibrium.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13407", "question_text": "Calculate the molecular or formula mass of each of the following: (a) P4 (b) H2O (c) Ca(NO3)2 (d) CH3CO2H (acetic acid) (e) C12H22O11(sucrose, cane sugar)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21779", "question_text": "Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8329}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16347", "question_text": "Compare the mass of the electron with the mass of the proton.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24244", "question_text": "Most people who migrated within the United States in the early nineteenth century went ________. north toward Canadawest toward Ohiosouth toward Georgiaeast across the Mississippi River", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.879}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03737", "question_text": "For small values of x,{\\text{sin}\\mspace{2mu} x \\approx x.}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6305}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13324", "question_text": "Perform the following calculations and report each answer with the correct number of significant figures. (a) 62.8\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009734 (b) 0.147 + 0.0066 + 0.012 (c) 38\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009795\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u00971.792 (d) 15 \u00e2\u0080\u0093 0.15 \u00e2\u0080\u0093 0.6155 (e)8.78\u00c3\u0097(0.05000.478)8.78\u00c3\u0097(0.05000.478) (f) 140 + 7.68 + 0.014 (g) 28.7 \u00e2\u0080\u0093 0.0483 (h)(88.5\u00e2\u0088\u009287.57)45.13(88.5\u00e2\u0088\u009287.57)45.13", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6273}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24793", "question_text": "Bentham believed that pleasures only differ quantitatively. Mill, in contrast, believed that pleasure differ both quantitatively and qualitatively. What are the different qualities of pleasure that Mill identifies?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10733", "question_text": "Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a growing class of rare diseases. Which organelle would be most commonly involved in the glycoprotein disorder portion of the group?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21039", "question_text": "Look atExercise 33.2. Compute the opportunity costs of producing sweaters and wine in both France and Tunisia. Who has the lowest opportunity cost of producing sweaters and who has the lowest opportunity cost of producing wine? Explain what it means to have a lower opportunity cost.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17449", "question_text": "Construct a times series graph for (a) the number of male births, (b) the number of female births, and (c) the total number of births. Sex/Year1855185618571858185918601861Female45,54549,58250,25750,32451,91551,22052,403Male47,80452,23953,15853,69454,62854,40954,606Total93,349101,821103,415104,018106,543105,629107,009Table2.50 Sex/Year18621863186418651866186718681869Female51,81253,11554,95954,85055,30755,52756,29255,033Male55,25756,22657,37458,22058,36058,51759,22258,321Total107,069109,341112,333113,070113,667114,044115,514113,354Table2.51 Sex/Year187018711872187318741875Female56,43156,09957,47258,23360,10960,146Male58,95960,02961,29361,46763,60263,432Total115,390116,128118,765119,700123,711123,578Table2.52", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06797", "question_text": "Consider the equal and opposite charges shown below. (a) Show that at all points on the _x_ -axis for which |x| \\gg a,E \\approx {{Qa}\\text{/}{2\\pi\\varepsilon}}_{0}x^{3}. (b) Show that at all points on the _y_ -axis for which |y| \\gg a,E \\approx {{Qa}\\text{/}{\\pi\\varepsilon}}_{0}y^{3}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8257}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11805", "question_text": "Describe systemic circulation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13286", "question_text": "A key feature of estuaries is", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9925}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13989", "question_text": "Platinum (atomic radius = 1.38 \u00c3\u0085) crystallizes in a cubic closely packed structure. Calculate the edge length of the face-centered cubic unit cell and the density of platinum.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04721", "question_text": "During heavy lifting, a disk between spinal vertebrae is subjected to a 5000-N compressional force. (a) What pressure is created, assuming that the disk has a uniform circular cross section 2.00 cm in radius? (b) What deformation is produced if the disk is 0.800 cm thick and has a Young\u2019s modulus of 1\\text{.}{5 \\times \\text{10}^{9}}\\ \\text{N/m}^{2} ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9866}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18172", "question_text": "Calculate(2.35)\u00c3\u0097(4.23)without a calculator. If not possible, explain why.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9785}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03246", "question_text": "When KNO 3 is dissolved in water, the resulting solution is significantly colder than the water was originally. (a) Is the dissolution of KNO 3 an endothermic or an exothermic process? (b) What conclusions can you draw about the intermolecular attractions involved in the process? (c) Is the resulting solution an ideal solution?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7582}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23761", "question_text": "Explain the difference between bilateral and unilateral descent. Using your own association with kinship, explain which type of descent applies to you?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4048}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24971", "question_text": "Describe the typical steps in Arbitration.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06755", "question_text": "Suppose you place a charge _q_ near a large metal plate. (a) If _q_ is attracted to the plate, is the plate necessarily charged? (b) If _q_ is repelled by the plate, is the plate necessarily charged?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9793}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06156", "question_text": "Assuming a circular orbit for the Sun about the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, calculate its orbital speed using the following information: The mass of the galaxy is equivalent to a single mass 1.5\\ \\times \\ 10^{11} times that of the Sun (or 3\\ \\times \\ 10^{41}\\ \\text{kg} ), located 30,000 ly away.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10452", "question_text": "Which of the following is _not_ an item Europeans introduced to Native Americans?    A. wampum   B. glass beads   C. copper kettles   D. metal tools", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9841}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04020", "question_text": "True or False:    A. Federal spending has grown substantially in recent decades.   B. By world standards, the U.S. government controls a relatively large share of the U.S. economy.   C. A majority of the federal government\u2019s revenue is collected through personal income taxes.   D. Education spending is slightly larger at the federal level than at the state and local level.   E. State and local government spending has not risen much in recent decades.   F. Defense spending is higher now than ever.   G. The share of the economy going to federal taxes has increased substantially over time.   H. Foreign aid is a large portion, although less than half, of federal spending.   I. Federal deficits have been very large for the last two decades.   J. The accumulated federal debt as a share of GDP is near an all-time high.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6157}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01988", "question_text": "\\frac{7}{2 - \\sqrt{6}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4217}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17751", "question_text": "Draw the graph fromExercise 7.41", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3718}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16908", "question_text": "Describe the seasons on the planet Uranus.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26338", "question_text": "A customer protection service has obtained 8 bags of candy that\nare supposed to contain 16 ounces of candy each. The candy is\nweighed to determine if the average weight is at least the claimed\n16 ounces. The results are in given inTable 2.60. What is the\nmean weight of a bag of candy in the sample? Weight in ounces15.6516.0916.0115.9916.0216.0015.9816.08Table2.60", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9173}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03478", "question_text": "Predict the sign of the entropy change for the following processes. Give a reason for your prediction.(a) \\text{Na}^{+}(aq) + \\text{Cl}^{-}(aq)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{NaCl}(s) (b) 2\\text{Fe}(s) + \\frac{3}{2}\\text{O}_{2}(g)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{Fe}_{2}\\text{O}_{2}(s) (c) 2\\text{C}_{6}\\text{H}_{14}(l) + 19\\text{O}_{2}(g)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ 14\\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(g) + 12\\text{CO}_{2}(g)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22103", "question_text": "The bystander effect likely occurs due to ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08645", "question_text": "Which of the following individuals did not contribute to the establishment of cell theory?    A. Girolamo Fracastoro   B. Matthias Schleiden   C. Robert Remak   D. Robert Hooke", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8751}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01869", "question_text": "Use the Factor Theorem to determine if x + 3 a factor of x^{3} + 8x^{2} + 21x + 18.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13720", "question_text": "Write Lewis structures for the following: (a) ClF3 (b) PCl5 (c) BF3 (d)PF6\u00e2\u0088\u0092PF6\u00e2\u0088\u0092", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16854", "question_text": "Explain how high-speed impacts form circular craters. How can this explanation account for the various characteristic features of impact craters?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9816}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07618", "question_text": "Located at the origin, an electric car of mass _m_ is at rest and in equilibrium. A time dependent force of \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{F}}(t) is applied at time t = 0 , and its components are F_{x}(t) = p + nt and F_{y}(t) = qt where _p_ , _q_ , and _n_ are constants. Find the position \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{r}}(t) and velocity \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{v}}(t) as functions of time _t_ .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21425", "question_text": "Which of the following is not a foreign policy type? trade policyintelligence policywar-makingbureaucratic oversight", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04460", "question_text": "Find the components of v_{\\text{tot}}{} along the _x_ \\- and _y_ -axes in [Figure 3.52](3-problems-exercises#import-auto-id1165296217666) .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9923}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03306", "question_text": "Suppose that the half-life of steroids taken by an athlete is 42 days. Assuming that the steroids biodegrade by a first-order process, how long would it take for \\frac{1}{64} of the initial dose to remain in the athlete\u2019s body?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12911", "question_text": "Digestion of proteins begins in the ________ where ________ and ________ mix with food to break down protein into ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9783}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24364", "question_text": "Which of the following isnotone of the methods the Ku Klux Klan and other terrorist groups used to intimidate Black people and White sympathizers? burning public schoolspetitioning Congressmurdering freedmen who tried to votethreatening, beating, and killing those who disagreed with them", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9705}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22649", "question_text": "Identify one potential challenge and one potential benefit of a cross-ethnic friendship.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04855", "question_text": "What is the coefficient of performance of an ideal heat pump that has heat transfer from a cold temperature of {- \\text{25}}\\text{.}0\\text{\u00ba}\\text{C} to a hot temperature of \\text{40}\\text{.}0\\text{\u00ba}\\text{C} ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9232}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00941", "question_text": "0.84,0.79132\\text{\u2026},1.\\overset{\\text{\u2013}}{3}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9373}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03956", "question_text": "Both the United States and global economies are booming. Will U.S. imports and/or exports increase?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6209}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10990", "question_text": "Use a Punnett square to predict the offspring in a cross between a dwarf pea plant (homozygous recessive) and a tall pea plant (heterozygous). What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9925}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24897", "question_text": "Which of the following is a potentially effective way to reduce global warming? build more coal-burning power plantsbuild more diesel-burning carsimplement a carbon taximplement tax-free gasoline", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6621}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02937", "question_text": "Lithium hydroxide may be used to absorb carbon dioxide in enclosed environments, such as manned spacecraft and submarines. Write an equation for the reaction that involves 2 mol of LiOH per 1 mol of CO 2 . (Hint: Water is one of the products.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9707}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05765", "question_text": "The structure of the NaCl crystal forms reflecting planes 0.541 nm apart. What is the smallest angle, measured from these planes, at which X-ray diffraction can be observed, if X-rays of wavelength 0.085 nm are used?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9402}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10741", "question_text": "In what situation(s) would the use of a scanning electron microscope be ideal, and why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4477}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24563", "question_text": "The NAACP lawyer who became known as \u00e2\u0080\u009cMr. Civil Rights\u00e2\u0080\u009d was ________. Earl WarrenJackie RobinsonOrval FaubusThurgood Marshall", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9912}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06324", "question_text": "Core nations are also known as __________________    A. high-income nations   B. newly industrialized nations   C. low-income nations   D. developing nations", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6049}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19794", "question_text": "A tool or techniquenotused for managing data in a database system is a(n) ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7906}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06906", "question_text": "Calculate the electric field of a dipole throughout space from the potential.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23413", "question_text": "Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9772}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20521", "question_text": "What are the main causes for the recent trends in union membership rates in the United States? Why are union rates lower in the United States than in many other developed countries?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23326", "question_text": "The adaptive immune response:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8169}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04382", "question_text": "[LO 15.5](15-5-discuss-and-record-entries-for-the-dissolution-of-a- partnership) What are the four steps involved in liquidating a partnership?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20187", "question_text": "Macroeconomics is an aggregate of what happens at the microeconomic level. Would it be possible for what happens at the macro level to differ from how economic agents would react to some stimulus at the micro level?Hint:Think about the behavior of crowds.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05606", "question_text": "(a) On a day when the intensity of sunlight is 1.00\\ \\text{kW/m}^{2} , a circular lens 0.200 m in diameter focuses light onto water in a black beaker. Two polarizing sheets of plastic are placed in front of the lens with their axes at an angle of 20.0\\text{\u00b0} . Assuming the sunlight is unpolarized and the polarizers are 100\\text{\\%} efficient, what is the initial rate of heating of the water in \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C/s} , assuming it is 80.0\\text{\\%} absorbed? The aluminum beaker has a mass of 30.0 grams and contains 250 grams of water. (b) Do the polarizing filters get hot? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04740", "question_text": "(a) Calculate the retarding force due to the viscosity of the air layer between a cart and a level air track given the following information\u2014air temperature is \\text{20\u00ba C} , the cart is moving at 0.400 m/s, its surface area is 2\\text{.}{\\text{50} \\times \\text{10}^{-2}}\\ \\text{m}^{2} , and the thickness of the air layer is 6.00{\\times \\text{10}^{- 5}}\\ \\text{m} . (b) What is the ratio of this force to the weight of the 0.300-kg cart?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13176", "question_text": "What carries a gene from one organism into a bacteria cell?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9409}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01401", "question_text": "\\frac{\\frac{2}{z^{2} - 49} + \\frac{1}{z + 7}}{\\frac{9}{z + 7} + \\frac{12}{z - 7}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9371}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15170", "question_text": "In which of the three semiconducting materials listed inTable 20.1do impurities supply free charges? (Hint: Examine the range of resistivity for each and determine whether the pure semiconductor has the higher or lower conductivity.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21765", "question_text": "How did the object of study in psychology change over the history of the field since the 19th century?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26089", "question_text": "LO3.1Explain how a contribution margin income statement can be used to determine profitability.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17437", "question_text": "Using the data from Ms. Ramirez\u00e2\u0080\u0099s math class supplied inTable 2.41, construct a bar graph showing the percentages.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07712", "question_text": "In the movie _[Monty Python and the Holy Grail](https://openstax.org/l/21monpytmovcl)_ a cow is catapulted from the top of a castle wall over to the people down below. The gravitational potential energy is set to zero at ground level. The cow is launched from a spring of spring constant 1.1\\ \\times \\ 10^{4}\\ \\text{N/m} that is expanded 0.5 m from equilibrium. If the castle is 9.1 m tall and the mass of the cow is 110 kg, (a) what is the gravitational potential energy of the cow at the top of the castle? (b) What is the elastic spring energy of the cow before the catapult is released? (c) What is the speed of the cow right before it lands on the ground?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9961}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06792", "question_text": "Shown below is a small sphere of mass 0.25 g that carries a charge of 9.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{-10}\\ \\text{C}. The sphere is attached to one end of a very thin silk string 5.0 cm long. The other end of the string is attached to a large vertical conducting plate that has a charge density of 30\\ \\times \\ 10^{-6}\\ \\text{C/m}^{2}. What is the angle that the string makes with the vertical?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9405}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01815", "question_text": "\\left( 3^{2} \\right)^{5}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5283}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11519", "question_text": "Fruit and vegetable storage facilities are usually refrigerated and well ventilated. Why are these conditions advantageous?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8587}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23642", "question_text": "Slavery in the pre-Civil War U.S. South most closely resembled", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9547}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05176", "question_text": "Suppose you have a supply of inductors ranging from 1.00 nH to 10.0 H, and resistors ranging from \\text{0.100 \u03a9} to \\text{1.00 M\u03a9} . What is the range of characteristic _RL_ time constants you can produce by connecting a single resistor to a single inductor?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04726", "question_text": "What is the average flow rate in \\text{cm}^{3}\\text{/s} of gasoline to the engine of a car traveling at 100 km/h if it averages 10.0 km/L?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02388", "question_text": "A town\u2019s population increases at a constant rate. In 2010 the population was 55,@. By 2012 the population had increased to 76,@. If this trend continues, predict the population in 2016.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9224}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09575", "question_text": "[LO 8.3](8-3-compute-and-evaluate-labor-variances) How is the total direct labor variance calculated?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7302}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03094", "question_text": "For which of the following substances is the least energy required to convert one mole of the solid into separate ions? (a) MgO (b) SrO (c) KF (d) CsF (e) MgF 2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7564}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11612", "question_text": "Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause constipation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9404}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24678", "question_text": "Why is Confucianism considered a conservative philosophy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7445}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05558", "question_text": "The characteristic length of entities in Superstring theory is approximately \\text{10}^{- \\text{35}}\\ \\text{m} . (a) Find the energy in GeV of a photon of this wavelength. (b) Compare this with the average particle energy of \\text{10}^{\\text{19}}\\ \\text{GeV} needed for unification of forces.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9809}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24427", "question_text": "What were women\u00e2\u0080\u0099s roles within the Farmer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Alliance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7388}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21017", "question_text": "What are the major issues with regard to trade imbalances for the U.S. economy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01650", "question_text": "\\frac{1}{2}\\left( {k + 3} \\right) = \\frac{1}{3}\\left( {k + 16} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02972", "question_text": "Calculate the heat capacity, in joules and in calories per degree, of the following: (a) 45.8 g of nitrogen gas (b) 1.00 pound of aluminum metal", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10370", "question_text": "(-6p^{4})(9p)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.773}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05633", "question_text": "Derive the spherical interface equation for refraction at a concave surface. ( _Hint_ : Follow the derivation in the text for the convex surface.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11750", "question_text": "In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on actin is blocked by ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9842}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12892", "question_text": "Why does the pancreas secrete some enzymes in their inactive forms, and where are these enzymes activated?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8732}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22805", "question_text": "How might participating in religious services affect well-being in late life?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10124", "question_text": "90 pounds per 7.5 square inches", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9587}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21164", "question_text": "Which rights and freedoms for citizens do you think our government does a good job of protecting? Why? Which rights and freedoms could it better protect, and how?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25444", "question_text": "Discuss the steps required in hiring new employees. What sorts of factors must you think of before you hire a new team?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19073", "question_text": "f(x,y)=e\u00e2\u0088\u0092(x2+2y2).f(x,y)=e\u00e2\u0088\u0092(x2+2y2).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06514", "question_text": "If you invent faster-than-light travel but believe someone will be able to reverse engineer it by examining your starship, should you patent it or keep it as a trade secret?    A. Keep it as a trade secret.   B. Patent it.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9905}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08445", "question_text": "\\sec\\; 315{^\\circ}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5326}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05978", "question_text": "NGC1763 is an emission nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud just outside our Milky Way Galaxy. Ultraviolet light from hot stars ionize the hydrogen atoms in the nebula. As protons and electrons recombine, light in the visible range is emitted. Compare the energies of the photons involved in these two transitions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19087", "question_text": "Find the directional derivative off(x,y)=x2+6xy\u00e2\u0088\u0092y2f(x,y)=x2+6xy\u00e2\u0088\u0092y2in the directionv=i+4j.v=i+4j.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05947", "question_text": "An electron confined to a box has the ground state energy of 2.5 eV. What is the width of the box?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9154}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26121", "question_text": "LO4.8How is a job order cost system used in a service industry?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08062", "question_text": "A 2.00-kg block lies at rest on a frictionless table. A spring, with a spring constant of 100 N/m is attached to the wall and to the block. A second block of 0.50 kg is placed on top of the first block. The 2.00-kg block is gently pulled to a position x = + A and released from rest. There is a coefficient of friction of 0.45 between the two blocks. (a) What is the period of the oscillations? (b) What is the largest amplitude of motion that will allow the blocks to oscillate without the 0.50-kg block sliding off?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9882}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15475", "question_text": "Why is the number of neutrons greater than the number of protons in stable nuclei havingAAgreater than about 40, and why is this effect more pronounced for the heaviest nuclei?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12291", "question_text": "What structure is an extension of the spine of the scapula?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6032}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04162", "question_text": "[LO 4.4](4-4-use-the-ledger-balances-to-prepare-an-adjusted-trial-balance) What is the difference between the trial balance and the adjusted trial balance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9079}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11752", "question_text": "The muscle relaxes if no new nerve signal arrives. However the neurotransmitter from the previous stimulation is still present in the synapse. The activity of ________ helps to remove this neurotransmitter.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.946}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14875", "question_text": "Do you do work on the outside world when you rub your hands together to warm them? What is the efficiency of this activity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26189", "question_text": "LO8.2What causes the material price variance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7104}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09949", "question_text": "(8 + 4) \\div 3 + 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6673}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22873", "question_text": "The part of the peripheral nervous system that helps the body relax and digest is:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08271", "question_text": "Why do some argue that direct democracy is simply a way for the wealthy and businesses to get their own policies passed?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7354}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02817", "question_text": "The density (d) of a substance is an intensive property that is defined as the ratio of its mass (m) to its volume (V). \\text{density} = \\ \\frac{\\text{mass}}{\\text{volume}}\\qquad\\text{d} = \\ \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{V}} Considering that mass and volume are both extensive properties, explain why their ratio, density, is intensive.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9171}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23236", "question_text": "First pass-metabolism occurs with which route of administration?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9892}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07797", "question_text": "When reducing the mass of a racing bike, the greatest benefit is realized from reducing the mass of the tires and wheel rims. Why does this allow a racer to achieve greater accelerations than would an identical reduction in the mass of the bicycle\u2019s frame?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6609}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09744", "question_text": "Protecting owners\u2019 interests was a common feature of ________.    A. the Industrial Revolution   B. the Information Age   C. the Dodd-Frank Act   D. muckraking", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8873}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15939", "question_text": "The work\u00e2\u0080\u0093energy theorem states that the change in the kinetic energy of an object is equal to what?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9004}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18233", "question_text": "What is the base of 57?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15703", "question_text": "A ball is dropped and hits the floor. What is the direction of the force exerted by the floor on the ball?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9592}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10820", "question_text": "Which of the following fermentation methods can occur in animal skeletal muscles?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9923}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01649", "question_text": "\\frac{2}{5}n - \\frac{1}{10} = \\frac{7}{10}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3254}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23398", "question_text": "Which of the following statements is true concerning the premotor theory?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7075}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19223", "question_text": "Suppose you plan to meet with your friends at a location you are unfamiliar with. In what ways could you employ computational thinking to efficiently navigate and locate the meeting spot?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.617}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06060", "question_text": "A Pb wire wound in a tight solenoid of diameter of 4.0 mm is cooled to a temperature of 5.0 K. The wire is connected in series with a 50\\text{-}\\text{\u03a9} resistor and a variable source of emf. As the emf is increased, what value does it have when the superconductivity of the wire is destroyed?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14688", "question_text": "What is the molecular structure about the nitrogen atom in trimethyl amine and in the trimethyl ammonium ion, (CH3)3NH+? What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in trimethyl amine and in the trimethyl ammonium ion?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25155", "question_text": "Some small entrepreneurs do not have the budget for a full-fledged human resources department; however, that makes compliance with employment laws challenging. What steps would you take to comply with federal and state employment law if you do not have a full-time attorney or human resources specialist on staff?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7292}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19267", "question_text": "Graph theory refers to the mathematical study of graphs. How might a graph theorist describe linked lists and tree data structures? How does this differ from our use of abstract data types?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13927", "question_text": "In terms of the kinetic molecular theory, in what ways are liquids similar to solids? In what ways are liquids different from solids?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7714}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06279", "question_text": "Same-sex couple households account for _____ percent of U.S. households.    A. 1   B. 10   C. 15   D. 30", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7877}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22442", "question_text": "Imagine you are designing a program for preschool-aged children that aims to promote positive peer relationships and social skills. How would you incorporate activities that build prosocial values, including respect for gender and racial diversity? Discuss specific strategies or activities that could be used to foster an inclusive environment where children learn to appreciate differences and develop empathy.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03398", "question_text": "From the equilibrium concentrations given, calculate _K_ a for each of the weak acids and _K_ b for each of the weak bases. (a) NH 3 : [OH \u2212 ] = 3.1 \\times 10 \u22123 _M_ ;   \\lbrack\\text{NH}_{4}{}{}^{\\text{+}}\\rbrack = 3.1 \\times 10 \u22123 _M_ ; [NH 3 ] = 0.533 _M_ ; (b) HNO 2 : \\lbrack\\text{H}_{3}\\text{O}^{\\text{+}}\\rbrack = 0.011 _M_ ;   \\lbrack\\text{NO}_{2}{}{}^{\\text{\u2212}}\\rbrack = 0.0438 _M_ ; [HNO 2 ] = 1.07 _M_ ; (c) (CH 3 ) 3 N: [(CH 3 ) 3 N] = 0.25 _M_ ;   [(CH 3 ) 3 NH + ] = 4.3 \\times 10 \u22123 _M_ ; [OH \u2212 ] = 3.7 \\times 10 \u22123 _M_ ; (d) \\text{NH}_{4}{}{}^{\\text{+}}: \\lbrack\\text{NH}_{4}{}{}^{\\text{+}}\\rbrack = 0.100 _M_ ; [NH 3 ] = 7.5 \\times 10 \u22126 _M_ ;   [H 3 O + ] = 7.5 \\times 10 \u22126 _M_", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.845}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21624", "question_text": "In presidential regimes, what type of voting is typically used and has the effect of supporting the development of a two-party system?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9735}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17650", "question_text": "Find the median.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23086", "question_text": "________ express ionotropic or metabotropic surface receptors that allow for the detection of different types of chemicals.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05927", "question_text": "Can we measure both the position and momentum of a particle with complete precision?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6383}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23354", "question_text": "Which type of memory has a timescale of hours to a lifetime?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6075}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05972", "question_text": "A hydrogen atom is placed in a magnetic field. Which of the following quantities are affected? (a) total energy; (b) angular momentum; (c) z-component of angular momentum; (d) polar angle.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8643}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08033", "question_text": "As you pass a freight truck with a trailer on a highway, you notice that its trailer is bouncing up and down slowly. Is it more likely that the trailer is heavily loaded or nearly empty? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5158}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23054", "question_text": "The balance of air pressure on the two sides of the tympanic membrane is maintained by the ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16971", "question_text": "In what ways are meteorites different from meteors? What is the probable origin of each?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02725", "question_text": "\\frac{\\left( {y + 1} \\right)^{2}}{16} - \\frac{\\left( {x - 4} \\right)^{2}}{36} = 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4649}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14319", "question_text": "How do the concentrations of Ag+andCrO42\u00e2\u0088\u0092CrO42\u00e2\u0088\u0092in a saturated solution above 1.0 g of solid Ag2CrO4change when 100 g of solid Ag2CrO4is added to the system? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6088}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23903", "question_text": "What does carrying capacity refer to?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7204}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01460", "question_text": "6\\sqrt{18n^{4}} - 3\\sqrt{8n^{4}} + n^{2}\\sqrt{50}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8325}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23005", "question_text": "In the dark, Na+ channels in rods are:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9714}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15525", "question_text": "Discuss how we know that\u00cf\u0080-mesons\u00cf\u0080-mesons(\u00cf\u0080+,\u00cf\u0080,\u00cf\u00800\u00cf\u0080+,\u00cf\u0080,\u00cf\u00800) are not fundamental particles and are not the basic carriers of the strong force.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9882}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04575", "question_text": "A 5\\text{.}{\\text{00} \\times \\text{10}^{5}}\\text{-kg} subway train is brought to a stop from a speed of 0.500 m/s in 0.400 m by a large spring bumper at the end of its track. What is the force constant k of the spring?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9903}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18604", "question_text": "Find the surface area of the triangular prism.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13743", "question_text": "Based on formal charge considerations, which of the following would likely be the correct arrangement of atoms in nitrosyl chloride: ClNO or ClON?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4885}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03319", "question_text": "Write the rate law for each of the following elementary reactions: (a) \\text{O}_{3}\\overset{\\ \\text{sunlight}\\ }{\\rightarrow}\\text{O}_{2} + \\text{O} (b) \\text{O}_{3} + \\text{Cl}\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{O}_{2} + \\text{ClO} (c) \\text{ClO} + \\text{O}\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{Cl} + \\text{O}_{2} (d) \\text{O}_{3} + \\text{NO}\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{NO}_{2} + \\text{O}_{2} (e) \\text{NO}_{2} + \\text{O}\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{NO} + \\text{O}_{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01551", "question_text": "r^{2} - r - 42 = 0", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8954}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17859", "question_text": "It is thought that 42% of respondents in a taste test would prefer BrandA. In a particular test of 100 people, 39% preferred BrandA. What distribution should you use to perform a hypothesis test?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6831}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26276", "question_text": "LO11.3What determines the anticipated interest rate payout for an investment?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8034}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11064", "question_text": "A fragment of bacterial DNA reads: 3\u00e2\u0080\u0099 \u00e2\u0080\u0093TACCTATAATCTCAATTGATAGAAGCACTCTAC\u00e2\u0080\u0093 5\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Assuming that this fragment is the template strand, what is the sequence of mRNA that would be transcribed? (Hint: Be sure to identify the initiation site.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.526}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06759", "question_text": "Give a plausible argument as to why the electric field outside an infinite charged sheet is constant.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9768}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07613", "question_text": "As shown below, if M = 5.50\\ \\text{kg,} what is the tension in string 1?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8882}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23816", "question_text": "Which current world figure has the least amount of political power?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22707", "question_text": "As a spouse, parent, community leader, and small business owner, Ella has many new responsibilities in middle adulthood compared to when she was a younger adult. This increase in responsibilities and functions is called role ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9913}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21920", "question_text": "Which of the following isnotan example of a primary reinforcer?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23673", "question_text": "What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09918", "question_text": "4 + 3(10 - 1)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11306", "question_text": "A scientist discovers a new species of fungus that introduces genetic diversity during reproduction by creating a diploid zygote. This new species cannot belong to which modern phylum of fungi?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6332}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12600", "question_text": "A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5758}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19577", "question_text": "What is the purpose of Axios?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9769}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20836", "question_text": "Why might it be important for policymakers to know which in zone of the SRAS curve the economy is?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9724}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15168", "question_text": "TheIRIRdrop across a resistor means that there is a change in potential or voltage across the resistor. Is there any change in current as it passes through a resistor? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7498}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25291", "question_text": "How does collateral factor into your financing options?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07547", "question_text": "A bird has a mass of 26 g and perches in the middle of a stretched telephone line. (a) Show that the tension in the line can be calculated using the equation T = \\frac{mg}{2\\ \\text{sin}\\ \\theta} . Determine the tension when (b) \\theta = 5\\text{\u00b0} and (c) \\theta = 0.5\\text{\u00b0} . Assume that each half of the line is straight.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15399", "question_text": "If you use an Earth-based telescope to project a laser beam onto the Moon, you can move the spot across the Moon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s surface at a velocity greater than the speed of light. Does this violate modern relativity? (Note that light is being sent from the Earth to the Moon, not across the surface of the Moon.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21431", "question_text": "The federal budget process matters in foreign policy for all the following reasonsexcept________. Congress has the power of the purse, so the president needs its approvalthe budget provides the funding needed to run the foreign policy agenciesthe budget for every presidential action has to be approved in advancethe budget allows political institutions to increase funding in key new areas", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12864", "question_text": "Which of these cells secrete hormones?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9694}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16113", "question_text": "In which kind of wave is the amplitude at each point constant?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9056}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15417", "question_text": "In an x-ray tube, the maximum photon energy is given byhf=qV.hf=qV.Would it be technically more correct to sayhf=qV+BE,hf=qV+BE,where BE is the binding energy of electrons in the target anode? Why isn\u00e2\u0080\u0099t the energy stated the latter way?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19389", "question_text": "What is the term for checking to see if a user's credentials match the credentials in a database of authorized users or in a data authentication server?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8269}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15085", "question_text": "Explain why a building made of bricks has smaller entropy than the same bricks in a disorganized pile. Do this by considering the number of ways that each could be formed (the number of microstates in each macrostate).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24944", "question_text": "True or false? The terms \u00e2\u0080\u009csharing economy\u00e2\u0080\u009d and \u00e2\u0080\u009caccess economy\u00e2\u0080\u009d both refer to a marketplace that differs from the traditional, more capital-intensive, shareholder-owned corporations.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21887", "question_text": "The three ossicles of the middle ear are known as ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6024}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26718", "question_text": "The provider ordered moxifloxacin 400 mg IV piggyback daily. The pharmacy supplied moxifloxacin 400 mg in 250 mL normal saline. The instructions are to infuse over 60 minutes. At how many mL/hour will the infusion pump be set?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7264}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22913", "question_text": "The production of dopamine begins inside the ________ of the neuron with the production of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14081", "question_text": "In thePhET Reactions & Ratesinteractive, use the \u00e2\u0080\u009cMany Collisions\u00e2\u0080\u009d tab to observe how multiple atoms and molecules interact under varying conditions. Select a molecule to pump into the chamber. Set the initial temperature and select the current amounts of each reactant. Select \u00e2\u0080\u009cShow bonds\u00e2\u0080\u009d under Options. How is the rate of the reaction affected by concentration and temperature?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9212}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07458", "question_text": "A soft tennis ball is dropped onto a hard floor from a height of 1.50 m and rebounds to a height of 1.10 m. (a) Calculate its velocity just before it strikes the floor. (b) Calculate its velocity just after it leaves the floor on its way back up. (c) Calculate its acceleration during contact with the floor if that contact lasts 3.50 ms (3.50\\ \\times \\ 10^{- 3}\\ \\text{s}) (d) How much did the ball compress during its collision with the floor, assuming the floor is absolutely rigid?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09454", "question_text": "[LO 2.1](2-1-distinguish-between-merchandising-manufacturing-and-service- organizations) Which of the following is the primary source of revenue for a service business?    A. the production of products from raw materials   B. the purchase and resale of finished products   C. providing intangible goods and services   D. the sale of raw materials to manufacturing firms", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18510", "question_text": "What is the standardized score for Purdue Universitiy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s number of free throws (FT = 461)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13803", "question_text": "Explain why a carbon atom cannot form five bonds usingsp3dhybrid orbitals.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21141", "question_text": "Discuss how the federal government shapes the actions of state and local governments.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5703}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04392", "question_text": "[LO 16.5](16-5-use-information-from-the-statement-of-cash-flows-to-prepare- ratios-to-assess-liquidity-and-solvency) Which of the following is a stronger indicator of cash flow flexibility?    A. cash flow from operating activities   B. cash flow to sales ratio   C. free cash flow   D. all three indicate comparable degrees of flexibility", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15013", "question_text": "If you add boiling water to a cup at room temperature, what would you expect the final equilibrium temperature of the unit to be? You will need to include the surroundings as part of the system. Consider the zeroth law of thermodynamics.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23455", "question_text": "What type of data do surveys gather? For what topics would surveys be the best research method? What drawbacks might you expect to encounter when using a survey? To explore further, ask a research question and write a hypothesis. Then create a survey of about six questions relevant to the topic. Provide a rationale for each question. Now define your population and create a plan for recruiting a random sample and administering the survey.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24582", "question_text": "Describe the changing role of the federal government in the 1960s. What new roles and responsibilities did the government assume? In your opinion, can the government effect permanent social change? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8392}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25267", "question_text": "Give examples of how entrepreneurs can leverage marketing activities even when strapped for cash.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9941}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22272", "question_text": "Where does fertilization typically occur within the female reproductive system?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9891}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13029", "question_text": "What is the function of the epididymis?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7195}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24827", "question_text": "In Milton Friedman\u00e2\u0080\u0099s view, what is the moral responsibility of businesses?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5548}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19020", "question_text": "a=2i+j\u00e2\u0088\u00929k,b=\u00e2\u0088\u0092i+2k,c=4i\u00e2\u0088\u00922j+ka=2i+j\u00e2\u0088\u00929k,b=\u00e2\u0088\u0092i+2k,c=4i\u00e2\u0088\u00922j+k", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8336}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10725", "question_text": "Peroxisomes got their name because hydrogen peroxide is:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.648}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26171", "question_text": "LO7.4A company has prepared the operating budget and the cash budget. It is now preparing the budgeted balance sheet. Identify the document that contains each of these balances. cashaccounts receivablefinished goods inventoryaccounts payableequipment purchases", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7913}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02405", "question_text": "Find the _x_ \\- and _y_ -intercepts of the equation 2x + 7y = - 14.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16002", "question_text": "The temperature of two equal quantities of water needs to be raised - the first container by5degrees Celsius and the second by5degrees Fahrenheit. Which one would require more heat?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7659}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22522", "question_text": "Imagine you are the principal of a school that currently offers only a limited number of extracurricular activities. You believe that expanding the range of extracurricular activities will greatly benefit students. Write an essay in which you make the case for adding more extracurricular activities to the school\u00e2\u0080\u0099s offerings. In your essay, be sure to address how these activities could improve the overall school climate, strengthen teacher-student relationships, and support positive youth development. Use specific examples to illustrate your points and explain how these changes could lead to better outcomes for the students in your school.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9896}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09986", "question_text": "**Temperature** One morning the temperature in Bangor, Maine was \\text{18 degrees.} By afternoon, it had dropped \\text{20 degrees.} What was the afternoon temperature?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19824", "question_text": "Which statement best illustrates the importance of the systems design process in ensuring a successful project outcome?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6642}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13824", "question_text": "Sketch the distribution of electron density in the bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals formed from twosorbitals and from twoporbitals.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06460", "question_text": "In what way has the Marvin Gaye case already made musicians and producers more cautious?    A. Singers are more willing to license the work of previous artists from whom they gain \u201clook and feel\u201d ideas and inspiration.   B. Sam Smith granted Tom Petty songwriting credit and royalties to Smith\u2019s song \u201cStay With Me,\u201d which bore a resemblance to Petty\u2019s hit \u201cI Won\u2019t Back Down.\u201d   C. Both of these are accurate.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6113}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11420", "question_text": "The nematode cuticle contains _____.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5368}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20920", "question_text": "Why do presidents typically reappoint Chairs of the Federal Reserve Board even when they were originally appointed by a president of a different political party?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9076}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08284", "question_text": "Why would inaccurate coverage of race and gender affect policy or elections?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22546", "question_text": "Should adolescents be able to make important medical decisions without their parents\u00e2\u0080\u0099 involvement? Why or why not? Cite material from the chapter to support your reasoning.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9717}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09831", "question_text": "Psychological appeals succeed when they ________.    A. make consumers feel better about themselves   B. let consumers compare themselves to their peers   C. show consumers how to save money   D. introduce new products", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8848}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03325", "question_text": "Consider the similarities and differences in the two reaction diagrams shown in [Exercise 12.82](12-exercises#fs-idm218836096) . Do these diagrams represent two different overall reactions, or do they represent the same overall reaction taking place by two different mechanisms? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8829}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09715", "question_text": "A stakeholder claim ________.    A. is usually a complaint   B. is always financial   C. is any matter of concern for the corporation or company   D. is the same as a lawsuit", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5412}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14727", "question_text": "A sample of rock was found to contain 8.23 mg of rubidium-87 and 0.47 mg of strontium-87. (a) Calculate the age of the rock if the half-life of the decay of rubidium by \u00ce\u00b2 emission is 4.7\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u00971010y. (b) If some3887Sr3887Srwas initially present in the rock, would the rock be younger, older, or the same age as the age calculated in (a)? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9802}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22992", "question_text": "Exposure to which environmental toxin during critical periods of brain development can lead to cognitive and behavioral deficits?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12843", "question_text": "What is respiratory rate and how is it controlled?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01200", "question_text": "The difference of two supplementary angles is 58 degrees. Find the measures of the angles.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09026", "question_text": "Echinocandins, known as \u201cpenicillin for fungi,\u201d target \u03b2(1\u21923) glucan in fungal cell walls.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6751}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24839", "question_text": "What led to the formation of constitutional monarchies?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6045}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03185", "question_text": "The distribution of molecular speeds in a sample of helium is shown in [Figure 9.34](9-5-the-kinetic-molecular-theory) . If the sample is cooled, will the distribution of speeds look more like that of H 2 or of H 2 O? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8915}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10972", "question_text": "A scientist pollinates a true-breeding pea plant with violet, terminal flowers with pollen from a true-breeding pea plant with white, axial flowers. Which of the following observations would most accurately describe the F2generation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9758}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06299", "question_text": "Public schools must guarantee that ___________.    A. all students graduate from high school   B. all students receive an equal education   C. per-student spending is equitable   D. the amount spent on each student is equal to that spent regionally", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24822", "question_text": "What are the four main ethical principles that can be used to guide our thinking whenever faced with ethical issues in physician and patient or researcher and participant relationships?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5498}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21056", "question_text": "How is international trade, taken as a whole, likely to affect the average level of wages?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21563", "question_text": "What do pluralist theory, transaction theory, and disturbance theory all have in common?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09210", "question_text": "Which of these viruses can spread to the eye to cause a form of keratitis?    A. human papillomavirus   B. herpes simplex virus 1   C. parvovirus 19   D. circoviruses", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9403}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26204", "question_text": "LO8.5When might an unfavorable variance be a good outcome?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9061}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16207", "question_text": "Why do some smaller instruments, such as piccolos, produce higher-pitched sounds than larger instruments, such as tubas?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6048}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15293", "question_text": "Is the direction of the magnetic field shown inFigure 24.6(a) consistent with the right-hand rule for current (RHR-2) in the direction shown in the figure?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7722}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07091", "question_text": "Find the radius of curvature of the path of a 25.0-MeV proton moving perpendicularly to the 1.20-T field of a cyclotron.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24460", "question_text": "Compare Roosevelt\u00e2\u0080\u0099s foreign policy in Latin America and Asia. Why did he employ these different methods?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15344", "question_text": "There are different types of color blindness related to the malfunction of different types of cones. Why would it be particularly useful to study those rare individuals who are color blind only in one eye or who have a different type of color blindness in each eye?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9824}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17023", "question_text": "Someone suggests that astronomers build a special gamma-ray detector to detect gamma rays produced during the proton-proton chain in the core of the Sun, just like they built a neutrino detector. Explain why this would be a fruitless effort.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03132", "question_text": "Why are bonding molecular orbitals lower in energy than the parent atomic orbitals?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.637}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12039", "question_text": "What are two major disadvantages of MRI scans?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24781", "question_text": "What is Hume\u00e2\u0080\u0099s concept of beauty?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9359}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18563", "question_text": "A restaurant has 126 kg of rice. If each serving contains 125 g, how many servings will they make?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27080", "question_text": "The nurse teaches parents of school-age children that which structure protects the middle ear from infection?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9905}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01321", "question_text": "a^{2} + 4ab - 21b^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6387}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21888", "question_text": "Hearing aids might be effective for treating ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7629}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15508", "question_text": "What two major limitations prevent us from building high-energy accelerators that are physically small?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6402}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20534", "question_text": "Have levels of immigration to the United States been relatively high or low in recent years? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20370", "question_text": "Will a perfectly competitive market display productive efficiency? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20011", "question_text": "What is the difference between emerging technologies and frontiers of information systems?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21995", "question_text": "How is lifespan development defined?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12973", "question_text": "What anatomical structures provide protection to the kidney?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4181}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00814", "question_text": "\\left. \\oint{}_{C}{3ydx + \\left( {x + e^{y}} \\right)dy,} \\right. where _C_ is a circle centered at the origin with radius 3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4833}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24333", "question_text": "On what grounds did Dred Scott sue for freedom? the inherent inhumanity of slaverythe cruelty of his enslaverthe fact that he had lived in free statesthe fact that his family would be torn apart", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9805}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04951", "question_text": "A dolphin is able to tell in the dark that the ultrasound echoes received from two sharks come from two different objects only if the sharks are separated by 3.50 m, one being that much farther away than the other. (a) If the ultrasound has a frequency of 100 kHz, show this ability is not limited by its wavelength. (b) If this ability is due to the dolphin\u2019s ability to detect the arrival times of echoes, what is the minimum time difference the dolphin can perceive?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9608}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06085", "question_text": "{}^{56}\\text{Fe} is among the most tightly bound of all nuclides. It makes up more than 90\\text{\\%} of natural iron. Note that {}^{56}\\text{Fe} has even numbers of protons and neutrons. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for {}^{56}\\text{Fe} and compare it with the approximate value obtained from the graph in [Figure 10.7](10-2-nuclear-binding-energy) .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9823}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01641", "question_text": "6\\left( {3y - 1} \\right) - \\left( {5y - 3} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5453}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10478", "question_text": "Which of the following states had the most democratic constitution in the 1780s?    A. Pennsylvania   B. Massachusetts   C. South Carolina   D. Maryland", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24421", "question_text": "How did the Great Compromise of 1877 influence the election? It allowed a bilateral government agreement.It gave new power to northern Republicans.It encouraged southern states to support Hayes.It gave the federal government new powers.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9679}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12918", "question_text": "Fever increases the body temperature and can induce chills to help cool the temperature back down. What other mechanisms are in place to regulate the body temperature?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7795}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20984", "question_text": "During the Great Recession of 2008\u00e2\u0080\u00932009, what actions would have been required of Congress and the President had a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution been ratified? What impact would that have had on the unemployment rate?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5729}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17830", "question_text": "Fill in the blanks on the graph with the areas, upper and lower limits of the confidence interval, and the sample proportion. Figure8.10", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6616}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11787", "question_text": "How would increased airway resistance affect intrapleural pressure during inhalation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6891}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20192", "question_text": "What would be another example of a \u00e2\u0080\u009csystem\u00e2\u0080\u009d in the real world that could serve as a metaphor for micro and macroeconomics?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8742}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25885", "question_text": "LO9.5What is a possible ramification of deferred revenue reporting?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9616}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08937", "question_text": "The process of making an RNA copy of a gene is called ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.571}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02441", "question_text": "f(x) = {(x - 3)}^{3}(3x - 1){(x - 1)}^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8432}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01384", "question_text": "\\frac{p^{2} + 10p}{p + 5} + \\frac{25}{p + 5}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7136}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16585", "question_text": "How do Feynman diagrams suggest the Grand Unified Theory?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22752", "question_text": "Which type of memory does not appear to be affected by aging?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6523}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08528", "question_text": "What\u2019s the main benefit of e-mediation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07336", "question_text": "Soccer fields vary in size. A large soccer field is 115 m long and 85.0 m wide. What is its area in square feet? (Assume that 1 m = 3.281 ft.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9857}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24265", "question_text": "How did President Jackson respond to Congress\u00e2\u0080\u0099s re-chartering of the Second Bank of the United States? He vetoed it.He gave states the right to implement it or not.He signed it into law.He wrote a counterproposal.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01911", "question_text": "5a^{2} + 26a = 24", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5536}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07112", "question_text": "Consider the area between the wires of the preceding problem. At what distance from the top wire is the net magnetic field a minimum? Assume that the currents are equal and flow in opposite directions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9878}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22867", "question_text": "Which lobe of the cortex is most important for decision making and problem solving?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10855", "question_text": "Describe how the grey wolf population would be impacted by a volcanic eruption that spewed a dense ash cloud that blocked sunlight in a section of Yellowstone National Park.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9532}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22754", "question_text": "What is the most common type of dementia, accounting for 50 to 70 percent of dementia cases?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.895}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23319", "question_text": "Animals maintain homeostasis by maintaining internal values for life-sustaining factors at optimal ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9944}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07935", "question_text": "Many satellites are placed in geosynchronous orbits. What is special about these orbits? For a global communication network, how many of these satellites would be needed?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.862}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20361", "question_text": "How does the average cost curve help to show whether a firm is making profits or losses?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5373}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01299", "question_text": "3k\\left( {k^{2} - 7k + 13} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.722}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04822", "question_text": "The Kilauea volcano in Hawaii is the world\u2019s most active, disgorging about {\\text{5} \\times \\text{10}^{5}}\\ \\text{m}^{3} of \\text{1200\u00baC} lava per day. What is the rate of heat transfer out of Earth by convection if this lava has a density of \\text{2700}\\ \\text{kg/m}^{3} and eventually cools to \\text{30\u00baC} ? Assume that the specific heat of lava is the same as that of granite. Figure 14.34 Lava flow on Kilauea volcano in Hawaii. (credit: J. P. Eaton, U.S. Geological Survey)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9933}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02596", "question_text": "\\tan^{2}x\\;\\sin^{3}x", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6096}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16603", "question_text": "If antimatter exists, why is it so difficult to find?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9437}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22697", "question_text": "How is sleep quality defined?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16445", "question_text": "Can magnetic field lines cross each other? Explain why or why not.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7644}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15442", "question_text": "How can you tell that a hologram is a true three-dimensional image and that those in 3-D movies are not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12044", "question_text": "Explain why the smell of smoke when you are sitting at a campfire does not trigger alarm, but the smell of smoke in your residence hall does.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8768}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20329", "question_text": "Are fixed costs also sunk costs? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8031}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05169", "question_text": "The 4.00 A current through a 7.50 mH inductor is switched off in 8.33 ms. What is the emf induced opposing this?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8283}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15572", "question_text": "How do physical therapists use physics while on the job? Explain.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6935}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25207", "question_text": "Do you think it is important for the entrepreneur to understand and develop all the problem-solving skills to manage a successful startup? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14327", "question_text": "Assuming that no equilibria other than dissolution are involved, calculate the molar solubility of each of the following from its solubility product: (a) KHC4H4O6 (b) PbI2 (c) Ag4[Fe(CN)6], a salt containing theFe(CN)64\u00e2\u0080\u0093Fe(CN)64\u00e2\u0080\u0093ion (d) Hg2I2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12402", "question_text": "What changes occur at the cellular level in response to endurance training?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5025}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10072", "question_text": "\\frac{2}{5} + \\left( {- \\frac{7}{5}} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4776}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20608", "question_text": "What is a capital gain?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3478}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24544", "question_text": "What were American women\u00e2\u0080\u0099s contributions to the war effort?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9312}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17256", "question_text": "Look elsewhere in this book for necessary data, and indicate what the final stage of evolution\u00e2\u0080\u0094white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole\u00e2\u0080\u0094will be for each of these kinds of stars. Spectral type-O main-sequence starSpectral type-B main-sequence starSpectral type-A main-sequence starSpectral type-G main-sequence starSpectral type-M main-sequence star", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8379}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10301", "question_text": "Reza was very sick and lost \\text{15\\%} of his original weight. He lost 27 pounds. What was his original weight?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9001}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08157", "question_text": "A sound wave produced by an ultrasonic transducer, moving in air, is modeled with the wave equation s\\left( {x,t} \\right) = 4.50\\ \\text{nm}\\ \\text{cos}\\left( {9.15\\ \\times \\ 10^{4}\\ \\text{m}^{-1}x -} \\right.   \\left. {2\\pi\\left( {5.00\\ \\text{MHz}} \\right)t} \\right). The transducer is to be used in nondestructive testing to test for fractures in steel beams. The speed of sound in the steel beam is v = 5950\\ \\text{m/s}\\text{.} Find the wave function for the sound wave in the steel beam.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03262", "question_text": "What is the difference between a 1 _M_ solution and a 1 _m_ solution?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9883}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02100", "question_text": "\\text{ln}\\ x = -3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5326}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06325", "question_text": "According to the World Health Organization, what was the most frequent cause of death for children under five in low-income countries?    A. Starvation   B. Thirst   C. Pneumonia and diarrheal diseases   D. All of the above", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8562}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12537", "question_text": "Which of these cranial nerves contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9806}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15427", "question_text": "Explain why patterns observed in the periodic table of the elements are evidence for the existence of atoms, and why Brownian motion is a more direct type of evidence for their existence.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9574}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08355", "question_text": "Which type of policy directly benefits the most citizens?    A. regulatory policy   B. distributive policy   C. redistributive policy   D. self-regulatory policy", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9954}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03497", "question_text": "Acetic acid, CH 3 CO 2 H, can form a dimer, (CH 3 CO 2 H) 2 , in the gas phase.   \\text{2CH}_{3}{}\\text{CO}_{2}\\text{H}(g)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ {(\\text{CH}_{3}\\text{CO}_{2}\\text{H})}_{2}(g) The dimer is held together by two hydrogen bonds with a total strength of 66.5 kJ per mole of dimer.  At 25 \u00b0C, the equilibrium constant for the dimerization is 1.3 \\times 10 3 (pressure in atm). What is \u0394 _S_ \u00b0 for the reaction?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8005}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13733", "question_text": "Write the resonance forms of ozone, O3, the component of the upper atmosphere that protects the Earth from ultraviolet radiation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9074}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20156", "question_text": "What is the primary purpose of an executive summary in a data science report?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3567}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17411", "question_text": "Give a reason why the data may differ.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22007", "question_text": "Describe the nature versus nurture controversy, and give an example of a trait and how it might be influenced by each?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9944}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24196", "question_text": "Which term describes German soldiers hired by Great Britain to put down the American rebellion? PatriotsRoyalistsHessiansLoyalists", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9906}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12656", "question_text": "Which of the following statements about erythropoietin is true?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9784}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13187", "question_text": "The wing of a bird and the arm of a human are examples of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7117}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02504", "question_text": "\\frac{\\pi}{4}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9057}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10463", "question_text": "For which of the following activities were the Sons of Liberty responsible?    A. the Stamp Act Congress   B. the hanging and beheading of a stamp commissioner in effigy   C. the massacre of Conestoga in Pennsylvania   D. the introduction of the Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8728}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17419", "question_text": "The company takes the two studies as proof that their software causes mental improvement in stroke patients. Is this a fair statement?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08460", "question_text": "\\sin\\left( 70^{\\circ} \\right)\\cos\\left( 25^{\\circ} \\right) - \\cos\\left( 70^{\\circ} \\right)\\sin\\left( 25^{\\circ} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9845}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04507", "question_text": "Integrated Concepts When starting a foot race, a 70.0-kg sprinter exerts an average force of 650 N backward on the ground for 0.800 s. (a) What is his final speed? (b) How far does he travel?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25919", "question_text": "LO10.5Use a spreadsheet and the following excerpts from Hileah Company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s financial information to build a template that automatically calculates (A) inventory turnover and (B) number of days\u00e2\u0080\u0099 sales in inventory, for the year 2018.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8686}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17855", "question_text": "Which distribution do you use when you are testing a population mean and the population standard deviation is known? Assume a normal distribution, with n \u00e2\u0089\u00a5 30.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23375", "question_text": "Unlike long-term potentiation, long-term depression involves:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03051", "question_text": "Based on their positions in the periodic table, list the following ions in order of increasing radius: K + , Ca 2+ , Al 3+ , Si 4+ .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02258", "question_text": "81p + 9pq - 27p^{2}q^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9188}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20952", "question_text": "What would make a country decide to change from a common currency, like the euro, back to its own currency?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5293}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05839", "question_text": "(a) Using data from [Potential Energy of a System](../../university-physics- volume-1/pages/8-1-potential-energy-of-a-system) , find the mass destroyed when the energy in a barrel of crude oil is released. (b) Given these barrels contain 200 liters and assuming the density of crude oil is 750\\text{kg/m}^{3}, what is the ratio of mass destroyed to original mass, \\text{\u0394}m\\text{/}m?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15871", "question_text": "Earth has a mass of 5.971\u00c3\u00971024kg and a radius of 6.371\u00c3\u0097106m. Use the data to check the value of the gravitational constant.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19150", "question_text": "To find the particular solution to a second-order differential equation, you need one initial condition.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11830", "question_text": "Why might specialized organs have evolved for excretion of wastes?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9332}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07626", "question_text": "A piece of bacon starts to slide down the pan when one side of a pan is raised up 5.0 cm. If the length of the pan from pivot to the raising point is 23.5 cm, what is the coefficient of static friction between the pan and the bacon?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9839}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07597", "question_text": "Show that the acceleration of any object down an incline where friction behaves simply (that is, where f_{\\text{k}} = \\mu_{\\text{k}}N) is a = g(\\text{sin}\\ \\theta - \\mu_{\\text{k}}\\ \\text{cos}\\ \\theta). Note that the acceleration is independent of mass and reduces to the expression found in the previous problem when friction becomes negligibly small (\\mu_{\\text{k}} = 0).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02384", "question_text": "Line 1: Passes through (5,11) and (10,1) Line 2: Passes through (-1,3) and (-5,11)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9422}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15846", "question_text": "What is the equation that relates the linear speed of a point on a rotating object with the object's angular quantities?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5094}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10489", "question_text": "What effect did industrialization have on consumers?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9832}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10077", "question_text": "\\- \\frac{2}{3}c = 18", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7879}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20809", "question_text": "What is stagflation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9398}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26996", "question_text": "When assessing a client who has just started taking loperamide after experiencing diarrhea for a week, which of the following findings would be most concerning?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.97}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17159", "question_text": "Suppose that, instead of being inside the Local Bubble, the Sun were inside an H II region. What would the night sky look like at various wavelengths?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17700", "question_text": "How would you represent the area to the left of three in a probability statement? Figure6.14", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9944}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08805", "question_text": "Which of the following is the group of archaea that can use CO 2 as their final electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration, producing CH 4 ?    A. methylotrophs   B. methanotrophs   C. methanogens   D. anoxygenic photosynthesizers", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9885}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18249", "question_text": "How many symbols are needed for a base 17 system?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9675}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12510", "question_text": "Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges that can have severe effects on neurological function. Why is infection of this structure potentially so dangerous?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6819}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08856", "question_text": "EMB agar is a medium used in the identification and isolation of pathogenic bacteria. It contains digested meat proteins as a source of organic nutrients. Two indicator dyes, eosin and methylene blue, inhibit the growth of gram- positive bacteria and distinguish between lactose fermenting and nonlactose fermenting organisms. Lactose fermenters form metallic green or deep purple colonies, whereas the nonlactose fermenters form completely colorless colonies. EMB agar is an example of which of the following?    A. a selective medium only   B. a differential medium only   C. a selective medium and a chemically defined medium   D. a selective medium, a differential medium, and a complex medium", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24440", "question_text": "Describe the philosophy and strategies of the Niagara Movement. How did it differ from Washington\u00e2\u0080\u0099s way of thinking?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19417", "question_text": "What type of operator has only a single operand?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9631}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19071", "question_text": "The linear approximation to the function off(x,y)=5x2+xtan(y)f(x,y)=5x2+xtan(y)at(2,\u00cf\u0080)(2,\u00cf\u0080)is given byL(x,y)=22+21(x\u00e2\u0088\u00922)+(y\u00e2\u0088\u0092\u00cf\u0080).L(x,y)=22+21(x\u00e2\u0088\u00922)+(y\u00e2\u0088\u0092\u00cf\u0080).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9042}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07273", "question_text": "When you stand outdoors in the sunlight, why can you feel the energy that the sunlight carries, but not the momentum it carries?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9722}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04106", "question_text": "[LO 2.2](2-2-define-explain-and-provide-examples-of-current-and-noncurrent- assets-current-and-noncurrent-liabilities-equity-revenues-and-expenses) Identify/discuss one similarity and one difference between tangible and intangible assets.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9771}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16102", "question_text": "In standing waves on a string, what does the frequency depend on?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15807", "question_text": "What are the units of the coefficient of friction?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23325", "question_text": "The innate immune response:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.764}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26526", "question_text": "The nurse is educating a client on gut homeostasis. Which instruction would the nurse give the client?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7703}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07218", "question_text": "The current in the _RL_ circuit shown below reaches half its maximum value in 1.75 ms after the switch \\text{S}_{1} is thrown. Determine (a) the time constant of the circuit and (b) the resistance of the circuit if L = 250\\ \\text{mH} .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15569", "question_text": "Velocity, or speed, is measured using the following formula:v=dt,v=dt,wherevis velocity,dis the distance travelled, andtis the time the object took to travel the distance. If the velocity-time data are plotted on a graph, which variable will be on which axis? Why?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6154}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22677", "question_text": "What problem-solving characteristic makes postformal thought different from formal operational thinking?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19246", "question_text": "What is one of the three key ideas of the Turing machine?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9647}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23656", "question_text": "Go to your campus bookstore or visit its web site. Find out who manufactures apparel and novelty items with your school\u00e2\u0080\u0099s insignias. In what countries are these produced? Conduct some research to determine how well your school adheres to the principles advocated by USAS.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7766}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19486", "question_text": "Consider our start-up company that is 100% committed to leveraging innovative technologies as a business growth facilitator. Describe how it could leverage a database system to support a new social media application that makes it possible to gather various types of data from various data sources including sensors located at the edge of the network. Give some precise examples and explain how the start-up would be able to scale this approach.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5138}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20387", "question_text": "What is a barrier to entry? Give some examples.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6699}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02237", "question_text": "Dave just got his first full-time job after graduating from high school at age R. He decided to invest $450 per month in an IRA (an annuity). The interest on the annuity is 6% which is compounded monthly. How much will be in Adam\u2019s account when he retires at his sixty-fifth birthday?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9399}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14989", "question_text": "Why is it preferable for airplanes to take off into the wind rather than with the wind?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9055}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26984", "question_text": "The nurse is preparing a client for discharge following a small bowel resection because of cancer. Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge education?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6696}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23966", "question_text": "Describe salvage anthropology. Why was it practiced? What are some criticisms of this approach?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9916}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25346", "question_text": "What role do customers play in innovation? Is innovation possible without customer support?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8027}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06609", "question_text": "Suppose a gas-filled incandescent light bulb is manufactured so that the gas inside the bulb is at atmospheric pressure when the bulb has a temperature of 20.0\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} . (a) Find the gauge pressure inside such a bulb when it is hot, assuming its average temperature is 60.0\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} (an approximation) and neglecting any change in volume due to thermal expansion or gas leaks. (b) The actual final pressure for the light bulb will be less than calculated in part (a) because the glass bulb will expand. Is this effect significant?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07480", "question_text": "A particle has a position function \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{r}}(t) = \\text{cos}(1.0t)\\mathbf{\\hat{i}} + \\text{sin}(1.0t)\\mathbf{\\hat{j}} + t\\mathbf{\\hat{k}}, where the arguments of the cosine and sine functions are in radians. (a) What is the velocity vector? (b) What is the acceleration vector?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9817}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08743", "question_text": "A virus that infects a bacterium is called a/an ___________________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8533}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01563", "question_text": "The front walk from the street to Pam\u2019s house has an area of 250 square feet. Its length is two less than four times its width. Find the length and width of the sidewalk. Round to the nearest tenth.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9799}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12792", "question_text": "Describe the flow of lymph from its origins in interstitial fluid to its emptying into the venous bloodstream.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03310", "question_text": "Describe how graphical methods can be used to determine the activation energy of a reaction from a series of data that includes the rate of reaction at varying temperatures.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9849}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10902", "question_text": "Which of the following events does not occur during some stages of interphase?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09814", "question_text": "Though federal law does not mandate it, do some companies nevertheless allow LGBTQ employees to extend insurance coverage to partners?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7816}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17337", "question_text": "The left panel ofFigure 27.1shows a cluster of yellow galaxies that produces several images of blue galaxies through gravitational lensing. Which are more distant\u00e2\u0080\u0094the blue galaxies or the yellow galaxies? The light in the galaxies comes from stars. How do the temperatures of the stars that dominate the light of the cluster galaxies differ from the temperatures of the stars that dominate the light of the blue-lensed galaxy? Which galaxy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s light is dominated by young stars?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05152", "question_text": "Integrated Concepts The Tethered Satellite discussed in this module is producing 5.00 kV, and a current of 10.0 A flows. (a) What magnetic drag force does this produce if the system is moving at 7.80 km/s? (b) How much kinetic energy is removed from the system in 1.00 h, neglecting any change in altitude or velocity during that time? (c) What is the change in velocity if the mass of the system is 100,000 kg? (d) Discuss the long term consequences (say, a week-long mission) on the space shuttle\u2019s orbit, noting what effect a decrease in velocity has and assessing the magnitude of the effect.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8393}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11094", "question_text": "A scientific study demonstrated that rat mothering behavior impacts the stress response in their pups. Rats that were born and grew up with attentive mothers showed low activation of stress-response genes later in life, while rats with inattentive mothers had high activation of stress-response genes in the same situation. An additional study that swapped the pups at birth (i.e., rats born to inattentive mothers grew up with attentive mothers and vice versa) showed the same positive effect of attentive mothering. How do genetics and/or epigenetics explain the results of this study?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9813}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19788", "question_text": "What key activities are involved in digital innovation, and how do they contribute to organizational success?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.785}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01344", "question_text": "24x^{3} + 44x^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7746}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21941", "question_text": "________ provides general principles for organizing words into meaningful sentences.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7679}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06858", "question_text": "What is the strength of the electric field in a region where the electric potential is constant?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4647}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21601", "question_text": "In this type of regime, the head of government is selected by the legislature. The selection of the head of state, however, varies, and the head of state\u00e2\u0080\u0099s duties are largely ceremonial.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9292}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10137", "question_text": "0.96 \\div (-12)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6766}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22322", "question_text": "Which statement supports a nativist approach to language development?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3831}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18283", "question_text": "For a system in a base larger than 10, what symbols are used as digits representing more than 10?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.92}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02842", "question_text": "A chemistry student is 159 cm tall and weighs 45.8 kg. What is her height in inches and weight in pounds?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.574}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21475", "question_text": "A central goal of empirical political research is to ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09414", "question_text": "Estimate the derivative of the wind speed at hour \u0093. What is the physical meaning?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9858}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01359", "question_text": "5n^{2} + 30n + 45", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8315}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05043", "question_text": "Certain heavy industrial equipment uses AC power that has a peak voltage of 679 V. What is the rms voltage?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7191}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07692", "question_text": "Neglecting air resistance, how much would I have to raise the vertical height if I wanted to double the impact speed of a falling object?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5627}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26199", "question_text": "LO8.4What causes the variable overhead efficiency variance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8575}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20314", "question_text": "Income effects depend on the income elasticity of demand for each good that you buy. If one of the goods you buy has a negative income elasticity, that is, it is an inferior good, what must be true of the income elasticity of the other good you buy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09128", "question_text": "A patient is bitten by a dog with confirmed rabies infection. After treating the bite wound, the physician injects the patient with antibodies that are specific for the rabies virus to prevent the development of an active infection. This is an example of:    A. Natural active immunity   B. Artificial active immunity   C. Natural passive immunity   D. Artificial passive immunity", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8654}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10573", "question_text": "Which of the following was _not_ an outcome of the Underwood Tariff Act?    A. It reduced tariffs 15 percent across all imports.   B. It eliminated tariffs for steel.   C. It eliminated tariffs for iron ore.   D. It established a federal banking system to oversee tariffs.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7466}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08092", "question_text": "A wave is modeled by the wave function y\\left( {x,t} \\right) = (0.30\\ \\text{m})\\text{sin}\\left\\lbrack {\\frac{2\\pi}{4.50\\ \\text{m}}\\left( {x - 18.00\\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}t} \\right)} \\right\\rbrack. What are the amplitude, wavelength, wave speed, period, and frequency of the wave?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03492", "question_text": "Consider the following reaction at 298 K:   \\text{N}_{2}{}\\text{O}_{4}(g)\\ \\rightleftharpoons\\ \\text{2NO}_{2}(g)\\mspace{90mu} K_{P} = 0.142 What is the standard free energy change at this temperature? Describe what happens to the initial system, where the reactants and products are in standard states, as it approaches equilibrium.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9189}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07996", "question_text": "Suppose you have a coffee mug with a circular cross-section and vertical sides (uniform radius). What is its inside radius if it holds 375 g of coffee when filled to a depth of 7.50 cm? Assume coffee has the same density as water.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04291", "question_text": "[LO 10.5](10-5-examine-the-efficiency-of-inventory-management-using-financial- ratios) What insights can be gained from inventory ratio analysis, such as inventory turnover ratio and number of days\u2019 sales in inventory ratio?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16423", "question_text": "Yes or no\u00e2\u0080\u0094Is an emf induced in the coil shown when it is stretched? If so, state why and give the direction of the induced current.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5492}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19244", "question_text": "What is a primary drawback of hashing?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8409}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10160", "question_text": "\\text{200\\%} of what number is 50?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9111}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17980", "question_text": "What is the null hypothesis for the type of test fromExercise 11.53?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5246}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02318", "question_text": "Graph the following: 2y = 3x + 4.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17335", "question_text": "Can an elliptical galaxy evolve into a spiral? Explain your answer. Can a spiral turn into an elliptical? How?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9943}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05497", "question_text": "Naturally occurring {}^{\\text{40}}\\text{K} is listed as responsible for 16 mrem/y of background radiation. Calculate the mass of {}^{\\text{40}}\\text{K} that must be inside the 55-kg body of a woman to produce this dose. Each {}^{\\text{40}}\\text{K} decay emits a 1.32-MeV \\beta , and 50% of the energy is absorbed inside the body.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01517", "question_text": "\\sqrt[4]{512} - 2\\sqrt[4]{32}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4788}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02598", "question_text": "\\sin\\left( \\frac{\\pi}{12} \\right) - \\sin\\left( \\frac{7\\pi}{12} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.785}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12177", "question_text": "Eccrine sweat glands ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8048}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12391", "question_text": "Which cell type helps to repair injured muscle fibers?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9679}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19228", "question_text": "Consider our start-up company that is 100% committed to leveraging innovative technologies as a business growth facilitator. Describe how it can best use adaptive design reuse to create products or services that can generate business. Give precise examples and explain how the start-up would be able to scale the resulting business (i.e., keep sustaining the cost of doing business while increasing its number of customers)?Hint: The company may decide to sell reusable design models and their implementation from a proprietary catalog; it may also focus on providing consulting services to derive complete solutions from its proprietary models.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6781}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01978", "question_text": "\u24d0 6^{\\frac{5}{2}} \\cdot 6^{\\frac{1}{2}}   \u24d1 \\left( b^{15} \\right)^{\\frac{3}{5}}   \u24d2 \\frac{w^{\\frac{2}{7}}}{w^{\\frac{9}{7}}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8713}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09912", "question_text": "5 + u = 84", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9885}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02148", "question_text": "y = \\text{\u2212}x^{2} + 12x - 35", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5532}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08522", "question_text": "Forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution (\u201cADR\u201d) include all of the following except:    A. Mediation.   B. Settlement.   C. Litigation.   D. Arbitration.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03300", "question_text": "Pure ozone decomposes slowly to oxygen, \\text{2O}_{3}(g)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{3O}_{2}(g). Use the data provided in a graphical method and determine the order and rate constant of the reaction.   Time (h) | 0 | 2.0 \u00d7\u00d7 103 | 7.6 \u00d7\u00d7 103 | 1.00 \u00d7\u00d7 104   ---|---|---|---|---   [O3] (_M_) | 1.00 \u00d7\u00d7 10\u22125 | 4.98 \u00d7\u00d7 10\u22126 | 2.07 \u00d7\u00d7 10\u22126 | 1.66 \u00d7\u00d7 10\u22126   Time (h) | 1.23 \u00d7\u00d7 104 | 1.43 \u00d7\u00d7 104 | 1.70 \u00d7\u00d7 104 |    [O3] (_M_) | 1.39 \u00d7\u00d7 10\u22126 | 1.22 \u00d7\u00d7 10\u22126 | 1.05 \u00d7\u00d7 10\u22126", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26218", "question_text": "LO8.4Fill in the blanks in the following flexible budget:", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9834}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23400", "question_text": "In the context of spatial neglect, to what does the term \u00e2\u0080\u009ccontralesional\u00e2\u0080\u009d refer?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9954}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03216", "question_text": "Ethyl chloride (boiling point, 13 \u00b0C) is used as a local anesthetic. When the liquid is sprayed on the skin, it cools the skin enough to freeze and numb it. Explain the cooling effect of liquid ethyl chloride.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6042}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17358", "question_text": "Some theorists expected that observations would show that the density of matter in the universe is just equal to the critical density. Do the current observations support this hypothesis?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7688}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06316", "question_text": "The type of socialism now carried on by Russia is a form of ______ socialism.    A. centrally planned   B. market   C. utopian   D. zero-sum", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6619}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24907", "question_text": "What are the levels upon which business ethics exists? compliance and governancefederal, state, and localnormative and descriptiveindividual, organizational, and societal", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12772", "question_text": "Removing functionality from a B cell without killing it is called ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5348}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06240", "question_text": "In the past, the United States manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their U.S. factories and relocated to China. This is an example of:    A. conflict theory   B. automation   C. global inequality   D. capital flight", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5071}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00888", "question_text": "\\frac{7}{12}\\left( {- \\ \\frac{8}{21}} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6286}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25247", "question_text": "What is a target market? Why is it important to know the target before creating the marketing mix?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18994", "question_text": "x=et,x=et,y=1\u00e2\u0088\u0092e3t,y=1\u00e2\u0088\u0092e3t,0\u00e2\u0089\u00a4t\u00e2\u0089\u00a410\u00e2\u0089\u00a4t\u00e2\u0089\u00a41", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9801}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18367", "question_text": "Solve the systems of equations by elimination.{y=13x\u00e2\u0088\u00926y=x\u00e2\u0088\u00923", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06726", "question_text": "Fifty grams of water at 0\\ \\text{\u00b0C} are changed into vapor at 100\\ \\text{\u00b0C} . What is the change in entropy of the water in this process?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9955}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18570", "question_text": "Classify the angle as acute, right, or obtuse:79\u00e2\u0088\u0098.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07587", "question_text": "A large rocket has a mass of 2.00\\ \\times \\ 10^{6}\\ \\text{kg} at takeoff, and its engines produce a thrust of 3.50\\ \\times \\ 10^{7}\\ \\text{N}. (a) Find its initial acceleration if it takes off vertically. (b) How long does it take to reach a velocity of 120 km/h straight up, assuming constant mass and thrust?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9885}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14059", "question_text": "A sample of sulfur weighing 0.210 g was dissolved in 17.8 g of carbon disulfide, CS2(Kb= 2.34 \u00c2\u00b0C/m). If the boiling point elevation was 0.107 \u00c2\u00b0C, what is the formula of a sulfur molecule in carbon disulfide (assuming ideal solution behavior)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9657}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07857", "question_text": "If the boy on the bicycle in the preceding problem accelerates from rest to a speed of 10.0 m/s in 10.0 s, what is the angular acceleration of the tires?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02352", "question_text": "f(x) = \\sqrt[3]{- x}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7051}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02837", "question_text": "Gasoline is sold by the liter in many countries. How many liters are required to fill a 12.0-gal gas tank?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9766}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10771", "question_text": "Which transport mechanism can bring whole cells into a cell?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9848}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07923", "question_text": "During a walk on a rope, a tightrope walker creates a tension of 3.94\\ \\times \\ 10^{3}N in a wire that is stretched between two supporting poles that are 15.0 m apart. The wire has a diameter of 0.50 cm when it is not stretched. When the walker is on the wire in the middle between the poles the wire makes an angle of 5.0\\text{\u00b0} below the horizontal. How much does this tension stretch the steel wire when the walker is this position?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9765}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22206", "question_text": "Compare the factors that are important in the development of ADHD with those that are important in the development of autism spectrum disorder.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02353", "question_text": "f(x) = 4\\left\\lbrack {\\left| {x - 2} \\right| - 6} \\right\\rbrack", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7226}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08446", "question_text": "If \\text{tan}(t) = - 0.6, what is the \\text{tan}( - t)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8717}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26847", "question_text": "A client is being admitted to the hospital for pancreatitis, and the nurse managing the client learns that the client has a previously undisclosed alcohol use disorder and has been without any alcohol for the past 2 days. Which of the following withdrawal effects would the nurse expect this client to develop?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9832}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10402", "question_text": "(10x^{2} - 3x + 5) - (4x^{2} - 6)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.879}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14838", "question_text": "When a glass bottle full of vinegar warms up, both the vinegar and the glass expand, but vinegar expands significantly more with temperature than glass. The bottle will break if it was filled to its tightly capped lid. Explain why, and also explain how a pocket of air above the vinegar would prevent the break. (This is the function of the air above liquids in glass containers.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8138}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05219", "question_text": "Suppose a man stands in front of a mirror as shown in [Figure 25.48](25-problems-exercises#import-auto-id2633842) . His eyes are 1.65 m above the floor, and the top of his head is 0.13 m higher. Find the height above the floor of the top and bottom of the smallest mirror in which he can see both the top of his head and his feet. How is this distance related to the man\u2019s height?  Figure 25.48 A full-length mirror is one in which you can see all of yourself. It need not be as big as you, and its size is independent of your distance from it.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9929}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05780", "question_text": "As an example of diffraction by apertures of everyday dimensions, consider a doorway of width 1.0 m. (a) What is the angular position of the first minimum in the diffraction pattern of 600-nm light? (b) Repeat this calculation for a musical note of frequency 440 Hz (A above middle C). Take the speed of sound to be 343 m/s.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9932}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25960", "question_text": "LO12.2ReviewExercise 12.1. Review current season ticket prices for one Major League Baseball team. Choose one season ticket price area to review. Determine what is recognized as per ticket revenue after each game is played for your chosen season ticket price area. Assume an equal amount is distributed per game. Do not include playoff games or preseason games in your computations. If parking and other amenities are factored into the season ticket price, please continue to include them in your calculations.Determine an average attendance figure for this team during the 2016 season for all seating areas, and per game (assume equal distribution of game attendance), and use this as a projection for future attendance. You may use Ballparks of Baseball http://www.ballparksofbaseball.com/2010s-ballpark-attendance/ for attendance figures.Assume that attendance is distributed equally between all season ticket areas. Determine the attendance for your season ticket area for the season and per game.Determine the total unearned ticket revenue amount before the season begins. Assume all season ticket holders paid with cash, in full.Prepare the journal entry to recognize unearned ticket revenue at the beginning of the season for your chosen season ticket area. Assume all seats are filled by season ticket holders. Show any support calculations and documentation used.Prepare the journal entry to recognize ticket revenue earned after the first game is played in your chosen season ticket area.Suppose the team only records revenues every three months (at the end of each month), record the journal entry to recognize the first three months of ticket revenue earned during the season in your chosen season ticket area.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5563}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17575", "question_text": "What is the standard deviation (\u00cf\u0083)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9657}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26876", "question_text": "A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed hypertension about a prescription for hydrochlorothiazide. Which instruction should the nurse include in the client teaching?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7533}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14666", "question_text": "Benzene is one of the compounds used as an octane enhancer in unleaded gasoline. It is manufactured by the catalytic conversion of acetylene to benzene:3C2H2\u00e2\u009f\u00b6C6H63C2H2\u00e2\u009f\u00b6C6H6 Draw Lewis structures for these compounds, with resonance structures as appropriate, and determine the hybridization of the carbon atoms in each.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9503}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09637", "question_text": "[LO 11.4](11-4-use-discounted-cash-flow-models-to-make-capital-investment- decisions) What is the basic benefit of using IRR?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8787}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11296", "question_text": "Describe how increasing stress to the ocean would affect a food chain containing zooxanthellae, corals, parrotfish, and sharks.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9413}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07769", "question_text": "Which has a larger magnitude of momentum: a 3000-kg elephant moving at 40 km/h or a 60-kg cheetah moving at 112 km/h?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9645}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26613", "question_text": "The nurse is instructing an older client on the importance of adequate calcium and vitamin D intake. Which of the following age-related changes would this intervention affect?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9939}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12913", "question_text": "If an amino acid is not used to create new proteins, it can be ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9087}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16282", "question_text": "Which behavior of light is indicated by an interference pattern?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9849}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08574", "question_text": "The FDA stands for:    A. The First Drug Administration.   B. The Federal Drug Administration.   C. The Food and Drug Administration.   D. The Food and Diet Administration.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8547}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06295", "question_text": "Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?    A. Conflict theory   B. Feminist theory   C. Functionalist theory   D. Symbolic interactionism", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04555", "question_text": "The Moon and Earth rotate about their common center of mass, which is located about 4700 km from the center of Earth. (This is 1690 km below the surface.) (a) Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration due to the Moon\u2019s gravity at that point.(b) Calculate the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the center of Earth as it rotates about that point once each lunar month (about 27.3 d) and compare it with the acceleration found in part (a). Comment on whether or not they are equal and why they should or should not be.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08421", "question_text": "f(x) = x^{2} + 2x - 8", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26443", "question_text": "Suppose that a previous study stated that the mean time spent in jail by a first\u00e2\u0080\u0093time convicted burglar is 2.5 years. A revised study was then done to see if the mean time has increased. A random sample of 26 first-time convicted burglars in a recent year was picked. The mean length of time in jail from the survey was 3 years with a standard deviation of 1.8 years. Suppose that it is somehow known that the population standard deviation is 1.5. If you were conducting a hypothesis test to determine if the mean length of jail time has increased, what would the null and alternative hypotheses be? The distribution of the population is normal.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.929}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09231", "question_text": "Which of these correctly orders the structures through which air passes during inhalation?    A. pharynx \u2192 trachea \u2192 larynx \u2192 bronchi   B. pharynx \u2192 larynx \u2192 trachea \u2192 bronchi   C. larynx \u2192 pharynx \u2192 bronchi \u2192 trachea   D. larynx \u2192 pharynx \u2192 trachea \u2192 bronchi", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8802}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13095", "question_text": "Magnesium has an atomic number of 12. Which of the following statements is true of a neutral magnesium atom?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7831}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03807", "question_text": "Suppose the cost of machines increases to $55, while the cost of labor stays at $h. How would that affect the total cost of the three methods? Which method should the firm choose now?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6446}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10678", "question_text": "Which of the following statements is true?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12059", "question_text": "Which of the following is a molecule, butnota compound?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02956", "question_text": "Outline the steps needed to solve the following problem, then do the calculations. Ether, (C 2 H 5 ) 2 O, which was originally used as an anesthetic but has been replaced by safer and more effective medications, is prepared by the reaction of ethanol with sulfuric acid. 2C 2 H 5 OH + H 2 SO 4 \u27f6 (C 2 H 5 ) 2 O + H 2 SO 4 \u00b7H 2 OWhat is the percent yield of ether if 1.17 L (d = 0.7134 g/mL) is isolated from the reaction of 1.500 L of C 2 H 5 OH   (d = 0.7894 g/mL)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22653", "question_text": "Identity one contextual factor and one behavior that predicts a trajectory to a \u00e2\u0080\u009cgood job.\u00e2\u0080\u009d", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20210", "question_text": "Suppose Alphonso\u00e2\u0080\u0099s town raised the price of bus tickets from $0.50 per trip to $1 per trip (while the price of burgers stayed at $2 and his budget remained $10 per week.) Draw Alphonso\u00e2\u0080\u0099s new budget constraint. What happens to the opportunity cost of bus tickets?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5569}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24604", "question_text": "In what ways did the goals of the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s manifest themselves in the identity politics of the 1970s?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07352", "question_text": "Suppose your bathroom scale reads your mass as 65 kg with a 3% uncertainty. What is the uncertainty in your mass (in kilograms)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9268}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23894", "question_text": "What diseases are the most stigmatized? Which are the least? Is this different in different cultures or social classes?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15919", "question_text": "What is the equation for conservation of momentum along thex-axis for 2D collisions in terms of mass and velocity, where one of the particles is initially at rest?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.838}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23996", "question_text": "In what way are humans still evolving today? Can you provide an example?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7409}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10014", "question_text": "Early one morning, the temperature in Syracuse was -8\\text{\u00b0F.} By noon, it had risen \\text{12\u00b0.} What was the temperature at noon?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9685}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08649", "question_text": "Which bacterial structures are important for adherence to surfaces? (Select all that apply.)    A. endospores   B. cell walls   C. fimbriae   D. capsules   E. flagella", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9764}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24718", "question_text": "What inspired Kanad and his atomistic understanding of reality?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.809}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02288", "question_text": "\\left( {-13,5} \\right) and \\left( {17,18} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4484}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18499", "question_text": "How many ways are there to draw a vowel and then a consonant from the bag?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24538", "question_text": "What were the key differences between the First New Deal and the Second New Deal? On the whole, what did each New Deal set out to accomplish?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9701}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15694", "question_text": "Two forces acting on an object are perpendicular to one another. How would you draw these in a free-body diagram?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9944}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15210", "question_text": "Apply the junction rule to junction b inFigure 21.45. Is any new information gained by applying the junction rule at e? (In the figure, each emf is represented by script E.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9814}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17163", "question_text": "Describe what happens when a star forms. Begin with a dense core of material in a molecular cloud and trace the evolution up to the time the newly formed star reaches the main sequence.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9823}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14296", "question_text": "Calculate the concentration of each species present in a 0.050-Msolution of H2S.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13801", "question_text": "Draw the Lewis structures for CO2and CO, and predict the number of \u00cf\u0083 and \u00cf\u0080 bonds for each molecule. (a) CO2 (b) CO", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18528", "question_text": "A track is 650 m long. If you run 8 laps around the track, how many kilometers did you run?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07959", "question_text": "If the Sun were to collapse into a black hole, the point of no return for an investigator would be approximately 3 km from the center singularity. Would the investigator be able to survive visiting even 300 km from the center? Answer this by finding the difference in the gravitational attraction the black holes exerts on a 1.0-kg mass at the head and at the feet of the investigator.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20027", "question_text": "What is the first step when designing a global information system infrastructure?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9563}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26537", "question_text": "A client with Parkinson\u00e2\u0080\u0099s disease asks the nurse about possible benefits of intermittent fasting. Which reply would be appropriate?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9448}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03571", "question_text": "Which is the stronger acid, H 2 SO 4 or H 2 SeO 4 ? Why? You may wish to review the chapter on acid-base equilibria.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9171}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24152", "question_text": "Compare and contrast life in the Spanish, French, Dutch, and English colonies, differentiating between the Chesapeake Bay and New England colonies. Who were the colonizers? What were their purposes in being there? How did they interact with their environments and the native inhabitants of the lands on which they settled?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05953", "question_text": "When a quantum harmonic oscillator makes a transition from the (n + 1) state to the _n_ state and emits a 450-nm photon, what is its frequency?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8026}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07064", "question_text": "Find the current through a loop needed to create a maximum torque of 9.0\\ \\text{N} \\cdot \\text{m}. The loop has 50 square turns that are 15.0 cm on a side and is in a uniform 0.800-T magnetic field.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24058", "question_text": "What are the various ways in which food can be defined as an artifact?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07131", "question_text": "The accompanying figure shows a long, straight wire carrying a current of 10 A. What is the magnetic force on an electron at the instant it is 20 cm from the wire, traveling parallel to the wire with a speed of 2.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{5}\\text{m/s?} Describe qualitatively the subsequent motion of the electron.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6771}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06428", "question_text": "The copyright granted in 1669 to Jean-Baptiste Lully, director of the Paris Opera, gave him exclusive rights to? (Choose all that apply)    A. All operatic performances.   B. The publication of operatic librettos.   C. The number of musicians who could perform outside the Paris Opera.   D. Bequeath his copyright monopoly to his heirs.   E. All of the above.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23080", "question_text": "Each glomerulus receives input from how many subtype(s) of olfactory sensory neurons?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14934", "question_text": "When there is a global heating trend on Earth, the atmosphere expands and the length of the day increases very slightly. Explain why the length of a day increases.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9884}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13756", "question_text": "Use the bond energy to calculate an approximate value of \u00ce\u0094Hfor the following reaction. Which is the more stable form of FNO2?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21834", "question_text": "Hormone secretion is often regulated through a negative feedback mechanism, which means that once a hormone is secreted it will cause the hypothalamus and pituitary to shut down the production of signals necessary to secrete the hormone in the first place. Most oral contraceptives are made of small doses of estrogen and/or progesterone. Why would this be an effective means of contraception?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7547}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04429", "question_text": "An Olympic-class sprinter starts a race with an acceleration of 4\\text{.}\\text{50 m/s}^{2} . (a) What is her speed 2.40 s later? (b) Sketch a graph of her position vs. time for this period.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21346", "question_text": "Which court would you consider to be closest to the people? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03597", "question_text": "Give the oxidation state of the metal for each of the following oxides of the first transition series. (Hint: Oxides of formula M 3 O 4 are examples of _mixed valence compounds_ in which the metal ion is present in more than one oxidation state. It is possible to write these compound formulas in the equivalent format MO\u00b7M 2 O 3 , to permit estimation of the metal\u2019s two oxidation states.) (a) Sc 2 O 3 (b) TiO 2 (c) V 2 O 5 (d) CrO 3 (e) MnO 2 (f) Fe 3 O 4 (g) Co 3 O 4 (h) NiO (i) Cu 2 O", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.549}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15669", "question_text": "Describe the graph of a bee\u00e2\u0080\u0099s motion if it leaves its hive in the positive direction, slows to visits a flower, then speeds up to return to the hive along the same path.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8029}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14513", "question_text": "How long would it take to reduce 1 mole of each of the following ions using the current indicated? (a) Al3+, 1.234 A (b) Ca2+, 22.2 A (c) Cr5+, 37.45 A (d) Au3+, 3.57 A", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5685}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19540", "question_text": "What is the difference between architectural pattern and architectural style?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02407", "question_text": "Graph of the linear function f(x) = - x + 6.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7372}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05038", "question_text": "Integrated Concepts (a) What energy is dissipated by a lightning bolt having a 20,000-A current, a voltage of 1.00 \\times \\text{10}^{\\text{2}}\\ \\text{MV} , and a length of 1.00 ms? (b) What mass of tree sap could be raised from \\text{18}\\text{.}0\u00ba\\text{C} to its boiling point and then evaporated by this energy, assuming sap has the same thermal characteristics as water?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.954}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06466", "question_text": "What major change in copyright law was NOT made in the Copyright Act of 1976?    A. It extended copyright to performances via cable television.   B. It prohibited the unauthorized rental or lease of computer software programs.   C. It codified fair use into the statutes.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06691", "question_text": "A hand-driven tire pump has a piston with a 2.50-cm diameter and a maximum stroke of 30.0 cm. (a) How much work do you do in one stroke if the average gauge pressure is 2.4\\ \\times \\ 10^{5}{\\ \\text{N/m}}^{2} (about 35 psi)? (b) What average force do you exert on the piston, neglecting friction and gravitational force?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09308", "question_text": "Jaundice results from a buildup of _________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24386", "question_text": "Describe the ways in which the U.S. government, local governments, and/or individuals attempted to interfere with the specific cultural traditions and customs of Native Americans, Hispanics, and Chinese immigrants. What did these efforts have in common? How did each group respond?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9614}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07973", "question_text": "Show that the areal velocity for a circular orbit of radius _r_ about a mass _M_ is \\frac{\\text{\u0394}A}{\\text{\u0394}t} = \\frac{1}{2}\\sqrt{GMr} . Does your expression give the correct value for Earth\u2019s areal velocity about the Sun?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23952", "question_text": "Do you think social media is an important tool in creating social change? Why, or why not? Defend your opinion.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01534", "question_text": "m^{2} - 6m + 9 = 48", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5385}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13950", "question_text": "Identify two common observations indicating some solids, such as dry ice and mothballs, have vapor pressures sufficient to sublime?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5372}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01738", "question_text": "f(x) = -4x - 2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6092}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04352", "question_text": "[LO 14.4](14-4-compare-and-contrast-owners-equity-versus-retained-earnings) Stockholders\u2019 equity consists of which of the following?    A. bonds payable   B. retained earnings and accounts receivable   C. retained earnings and paid-in capital   D. discounts and premiums on bond payable", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11226", "question_text": "How are viroids like viruses?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9925}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27015", "question_text": "While counseling a client on different anorexiants, the nurse advises them that office visits may be required every 14 days to assess progress and evaluate the effectiveness of the weight-loss medication. The nurse is referring to which medication?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12093", "question_text": "If the disaccharide maltose is formed from two glucose monosaccharides, which are hexose sugars, how many atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen does maltose contain and why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8683}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15657", "question_text": "A hockey puck is shot down the arena in a straight line. Assume it does not slow until it is stopped by an opposing player who sends it back in the direction it came. The players are 20 m apart and it takes 1 s for the puck to go there and back. Which of the following describes the graph of the displacement over time? Consider the initial direction of the puck to be positive.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8628}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20136", "question_text": "How does data validation contribute to ethical data usage?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21457", "question_text": "Hypotheses are ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23217", "question_text": "Which view of emotions, stresses that the brain itself, rather than individual features of environmental stimuli, is what adds meaning to, or predictions of, what is occurring in our immediate circumstances?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9873}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17832", "question_text": "Using the samep\u00e2\u0080\u00b2 andn= 80, how would the error bound change if the confidence level were increased to 98%? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18039", "question_text": "Write another assumption.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25401", "question_text": "How is an S corporation taxed? at the entity level as a corporationat the owner level as if it were a partnershipat both the entity and owner levelsat a special lower rate of income tax", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18241", "question_text": "In the Babylonian system, what are the place values based on?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8851}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07603", "question_text": "(a) A 22.0-kg child is riding a playground merry-go-round that is rotating at 40.0 rev/min. What centripetal force is exerted if he is 1.25 m from its center? (b) What centripetal force is exerted if the merry-go-round rotates at 3.00 rev/min and he is 8.00 m from its center? (c) Compare each force with his weight.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14707", "question_text": "Complete each of the following equations: (a)37Li+?\u00e2\u009f\u00b6224He37Li+?\u00e2\u009f\u00b6224He (b)614C\u00e2\u009f\u00b6714N+?614C\u00e2\u009f\u00b6714N+? (c)1327Al+24He\u00e2\u009f\u00b6?+01n1327Al+24He\u00e2\u009f\u00b6?+01n (d)96250Cm\u00e2\u009f\u00b6?+3898Sr+401n96250Cm\u00e2\u009f\u00b6?+3898Sr+401n", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.54}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17698", "question_text": "What is the area to the right of one? Figure6.13", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9576}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16689", "question_text": "Explain three lines of evidence that indicate that the seasons in North America are not caused by the changing Earth-Sun distance as a result of Earth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s elliptical orbit around the Sun.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14829", "question_text": "When you push a piece of chalk across a chalkboard, it sometimes screeches because it rapidly alternates between slipping and sticking to the board. Describe this process in more detail, in particular explaining how it is related to the fact that kinetic friction is less than static friction. (The same slip-grab process occurs when tires screech on pavement.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}