{"question_id": "cogbench_14547", "question_text": "Nitrogen in the atmosphere exists as very stable diatomic molecules. Why does phosphorus form less stable P4molecules instead of P2molecules?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4933}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26581", "question_text": "Anemia affects which population the most often?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01543", "question_text": "v^{2} - 14v = -31", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.717}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09881", "question_text": "2\\ \\times \\ 4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8242}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06780", "question_text": "The electric field in a particular thundercloud is 2.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{5}\\ \\text{N/C}. What is the acceleration of an electron in this field?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7552}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26430", "question_text": "In complete sentences, explain why the confidence interval inExercise 8.74is larger than inExercise 8.75.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9571}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02466", "question_text": "Rewrite - \\log_{y}\\left( \\frac{1}{12} \\right) as a single logarithm.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25293", "question_text": "What are some potential benefits of a crowdfunding campaign aside from the funding itself? What are some potential drawbacks?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9498}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22852", "question_text": "The part of the neuron that is specialized for receiving information is:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11820", "question_text": "Flame cells are primitive excretory organs found in ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5124}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01279", "question_text": "\\frac{550p^{6} - 300p^{4}}{10p^{3}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7335}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04072", "question_text": "How does competition, whether domestic or foreign, harm businesses?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06606", "question_text": "One might think that the internal energy of diatomic gases is given by E_{\\text{int}} = 5RT\\text{/}B. Do diatomic gases near room temperature have more or less internal energy than that? _Hint:_ Their internal energy includes the total energy added in raising the temperature from the boiling point (very low) to room temperature.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7499}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15421", "question_text": "How does the interference of water waves differ from the interference of electrons? How are they analogous?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22302", "question_text": "Assessing the health of both the birth mother and newborn is crucial immediately after birth. Imagine you are a pediatric nurse working in a hospital setting. How would you explain the importance of tests like the Apgar test and the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) to concerned parents? Discuss how these tests evaluate the newborn\u00e2\u0080\u0099s health, what information they provide, and how the results guide medical care. What role do these tests play in ensuring a newborn\u00e2\u0080\u0099s well-being, and how might you address common concerns parents have regarding these assessments?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7867}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18678", "question_text": "Draw a graph to represent the floor plan for the elementary school in which each vertex is a room and an edge between two vertices indicates that there is a path between the two rooms that does not pass the door to another room.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01103", "question_text": "The measures of two angles of a triangle are 22 and 85 degrees. Find the measure of the third angle.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23103", "question_text": "Which of the following is true about pain and touch sensation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7224}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21342", "question_text": "Explain one positive and one negative aspect of the lifetime term of office for judges and justices in the federal court system. Why do you believe the constitution\u00e2\u0080\u0099s framers chose lifetime terms?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9822}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23275", "question_text": "Which of these people likely has the highest melatonin levels in their blood?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21313", "question_text": "Stopping a filibuster requires that ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8722}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22651", "question_text": "Identify two reasons why young adults in rural areas might decide not to attend college.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9938}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17365", "question_text": "Where in the solar system (and beyond) have scientists found evidence of organic molecules?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4246}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01262", "question_text": "{(c^{4} + 9d)}^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3799}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24458", "question_text": "How did Colombia react to the United States\u00e2\u0080\u0099 proposal to construct a canal through Central America? They preferred to build such a canal themselves.They preferred that no canal be built at all.They agreed to sell land to the United States to build the canal, but in a less advantageous location than the Panamanians.They felt that Roosevelt\u00e2\u0080\u0099s deal offered too little money.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9466}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06340", "question_text": "What is _not_ a negative outcome of shoreline dredging?    A. Damaged coral reefs   B. Death of marine life   C. Ruined sea grass beds   D. Reduction of human population", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12530", "question_text": "Following a motorcycle accident, the victim loses the ability to move the right leg but has normal control over the left one, suggesting a hemisection somewhere in the thoracic region of the spinal cord. What sensory deficits would be expected in terms of touch versus pain? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8863}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07503", "question_text": "A cyclist traveling southeast along a road at 15 km/h feels a wind blowing from the southwest at 25 km/h. To a stationary observer, what are the speed and direction of the wind?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5185}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12684", "question_text": "Explain why administration of a thrombolytic agent is a first intervention for someone who has suffered a thrombotic stroke.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4792}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14990", "question_text": "Roofs are sometimes pushed off vertically during a tropical cyclone, and buildings sometimes explode outward when hit by a tornado. Use Bernoulli\u00e2\u0080\u0099s principle to explain these phenomena.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12766", "question_text": "Which of the following leads to the redness of inflammation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.905}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21370", "question_text": "In a ________ political culture, the government is seen as a mechanism for maintaining the existing social order or status quo. moralisticindividualistictraditionalisticnativistic", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06743", "question_text": "An ideal _diesel_ cycle is shown below. This cycle consists of five strokes. In this case, only air is drawn into the chamber during the intake stroke _OA_ . The air is then compressed adiabatically from state _A_ to state _B_ , raising its temperature high enough so that when fuel is added during the power stroke _BC_ , it ignites. After ignition ends at _C_ , there is a further adiabatic power stroke _CD_ . Finally, there is an exhaust at constant volume as the pressure drops from p_{D} to p_{A} , followed by a further exhaust when the piston compresses the chamber volume to zero. (a) Use W = Q_{1} - Q_{2} , Q_{1} = nC_{p}(T_{C} - T_{B}) , and Q_{2} = nC_{v}(T_{D} - T_{A}) to show that e = \\frac{W}{Q_{1}} = 1 - \\frac{T_{D} - T_{A}}{\\gamma(T_{C} - T_{B})} . (b) Use the fact that A\\rightarrow B and C\\rightarrow D are adiabatic to show that e = 1 - \\frac{1}{\\gamma}\\ \\frac{\\left( \\frac{V_{C}}{V_{D}} \\right)^{\\gamma} - \\left( \\frac{V_{B}}{V_{A}} \\right)^{\\gamma}}{\\left( \\frac{V_{C}}{V_{D}} \\right) - \\left( \\frac{V_{B}}{V_{A}} \\right)} . (c) Since there is no preignition (remember, the chamber does not contain any fuel during the compression), the compression ratio can be larger than that for a gasoline engine. Typically, {V_{A}\\text{/}{V_{B} = 15}}\\ \\text{and}\\ {V_{D}\\text{/}{V_{C} = 5}} . For these values and \\gamma = 1.4, show that \\varepsilon = 0.56 , or an efficiency of 56\\text{\\%} . Diesel engines actually operate at an efficiency of about 30\\text{\\%}\\ \\text{to}\\ 35\\text{\\%} compared with 25\\text{\\%}\\ \\text{to}\\ 30\\text{\\%} for gasoline engines.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19194", "question_text": "How do discovery and invention differ and how are these involved in computer science?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17129", "question_text": "When Henrietta Leavitt discovered the period-luminosity relationship, she used cepheid stars that were all located in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Why did she need to use stars in another galaxy and not cepheids located in the Milky Way?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8019}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15401", "question_text": "Give an example of a physical entity that is not quantized, in that it is continuous and may have a continuous range of values.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8357}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26360", "question_text": "UseTable 2.62to find the value that is three standard deviations: above the meanbelow the mean", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10732", "question_text": "Which of the following sequences correctly lists in order the steps involved in the incorporation of a proteinaceous molecule within a cell?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15918", "question_text": "Two objects collide with each other and come to a rest. How can you use the equation of conservation of momentum to describe this situation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9766}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22633", "question_text": "Studies using Marcia\u00e2\u0080\u0099s identity status have consistently found that identity commitment was most strongly encouraged by which life event?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02098", "question_text": "y = \\text{log}_{5}x", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.576}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01870", "question_text": "\\left( {2.4\\ \\times \\ 10^{8}} \\right)\\left( {2\\ \\times \\ 10^{-5}} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9603}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12307", "question_text": "The tibia ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.98}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04339", "question_text": "[LO 13.1](13-1-explain-the-pricing-of-long-term-liabilities) What do you have to do to the interest rate and years of maturity if a bond pricing problem tells you that interest is compounded quarterly?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8825}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14029", "question_text": "What is the microscopic explanation for the macroscopic behavior illustrated inFigure 11.14?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.676}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03123", "question_text": "Strike-anywhere matches contain a layer of KClO 3 and a layer of P 4 S 3 . The heat produced by the friction of striking the match causes these two compounds to react vigorously, which sets fire to the wooden stem of the match. KClO 3 contains the \\text{ClO}_{3}{}^{\\text{\u2212}} ion. P 4 S 3 is an unusual molecule with the skeletal structure.  (a) Write Lewis structures for P 4 S 3 and the \\text{ClO}_{3}{}^{\u2013} ion. (b) Describe the geometry about the P atoms, the S atom, and the Cl atom in these species. (c) Assign a hybridization to the P atoms, the S atom, and the Cl atom in these species. (d) Determine the oxidation states and formal charge of the atoms in P 4 S 3 and the \\text{ClO}_{3}{}^{\u2013} ion.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9863}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14577", "question_text": "Phosphoric acid, one of the acids used in some cola drinks, is produced by the reaction of phosphorus(V) oxide, an acidic oxide, with water. Phosphorus(V) oxide is prepared by the combustion of phosphorus. (a) Write the empirical formula of phosphorus(V) oxide. (b) What is the molecular formula of phosphorus(V) oxide if the molar mass is about 280. (c) Write balanced equations for the production of phosphorus(V) oxide and phosphoric acid. (d) Determine the mass of phosphorus required to make 1.00\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u0097104kg of phosphoric acid, assuming a yield of 98.85%.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08691", "question_text": "The species ________, which belongs to Epsilonproteobacteria, causes peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4448}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07024", "question_text": "What voltage is involved in a 1.44-kW short circuit through a 0.100\\text{-}\\text{\u03a9} resistance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9041}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09835", "question_text": "Premium rates for insurance coverage are based on statistical calculations of the historical rate of incidence of certain kinds of accidents, disasters, and theft, among other calamities against which we insure ourselves. Is this the most equitable way to assign these rates? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17176", "question_text": "A friend of yours who did not do well in her astronomy class tells you that she believes all stars are old and none could possibly be born today. What arguments would you use to persuade her that stars are being born somewhere in the Galaxy during your lifetime?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04520", "question_text": "The terminal velocity of a person falling in air depends upon the weight and the area of the person facing the fluid. Find the terminal velocity (in meters per second and kilometers per hour) of an 80.0-kg skydiver falling in a headfirst position with a cross-section area facing the fluid of 0\\text{.}\\text{140}\\ \\text{m}^{2} .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06123", "question_text": "What is the Standard Model? Express your answer in terms of the four fundamental forces and exchange particles.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6027}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22074", "question_text": "Compare and contrast Skinner\u00e2\u0080\u0099s perspective on personality development to Freud\u00e2\u0080\u0099s.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12223", "question_text": "Which of the following represents the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20497", "question_text": "What can government do to encourage the development of new technology?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8562}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11069", "question_text": "A normal mRNA that reads 5\u00e2\u0080\u0099 \u00e2\u0080\u0093 UGCCAUGGUAAUAACACAUGAGGCCUGAAC\u00e2\u0080\u0093 3\u00e2\u0080\u0099 has an insertion mutation that changes the sequence to 5\u00e2\u0080\u0099 -UGCCAUGGUUAAUAACACAUGAGGCCUGAAC\u00e2\u0080\u0093 3\u00e2\u0080\u0099. Translate the original mRNA and the mutated mRNA, and explain how insertion mutations can have dramatic effects on proteins. (Hint: Be sure to find the initiation site.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9486}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04390", "question_text": "[LO 16.3](16-3-prepare-the-statement-of-cash-flows-using-the-indirect-method) Which of the following would trigger a subtraction in the indirect operating section?    A. gain on sale of investments   B. depreciation expense   C. decrease in accounts receivable   D. decrease in bonds payable", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6462}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10273", "question_text": "0.25p = 5.25", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9604}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17651", "question_text": "Which is larger, the mean or the median?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7852}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15310", "question_text": "Give an example of energy carried by an electromagnetic wave.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5904}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17858", "question_text": "A population has a mean of 25 and a standard deviation of five. The sample mean is 24, and the sample size is 108. What distribution should you use to perform a hypothesis test?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18244", "question_text": "Convert the Mayan numeral to a Hindu-Arabic numeral.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09182", "question_text": "The antibody screening test that is done along with pretransfusion blood typing is used to ensure that the recipient    A. does not have a previously undetected bacterial or viral infection.   B. is not immunocompromised.   C. actually does have the blood type stated in the online chart.   D. is not making antibodies against antigens outside the ABO or Rh systems.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14586", "question_text": "Give the hybridization and oxidation state for sulfur in SO2, in SO3, and in H2SO4.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9719}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27009", "question_text": "The nurse is educating a client who is taking pantoprazole. What information should be included in the education?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7325}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24153", "question_text": "Describe the attempts of the various European colonists to convert native peoples to their belief systems. How did these attempts compare to one another? What were the results of each effort?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9223}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09723", "question_text": "The Dow Jones Sustainability Indices provides information for ________.    A. investors who seek quick profit   B. investors who seek long-term returns   C. investors who value CSR in companies   D. marketing promotions of each of its members", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14077", "question_text": "A study of the rate of the reaction represented as2A\u00e2\u009f\u00b6B2A\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Bgave the following data: Time (s)0.05.010.015.020.025.035.0[A] (M)1.000.7750.6250.4650.3600.2850.230 (a) Determine the average rate of disappearance ofAbetween 0.0 s and 10.0 s, and between 10.0 s and 20.0 s. (b) Estimate the instantaneous rate of disappearance ofAat 15.0 s from a graph of time versus [A]. What are the units of this rate? (c) Use the rates found in parts (a) and (b) to determine the average rate of formation ofBbetween 0.00 s and 10.0 s, and the instantaneous rate of formation ofBat 15.0 s.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9517}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19900", "question_text": "What is one major vulnerability commonly found in Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and how has this vulnerability been exploited in a real-world example?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8215}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21775", "question_text": "Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is known as a(n): ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7499}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20447", "question_text": "In the middle of the twentieth century, major U.S. cities had multiple competing city bus companies. Today, there is usually only one and it runs as a subsidized, regulated monopoly. What do you suppose caused the change?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.537}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14437", "question_text": "By calculating \u00ce\u0094Sunivat each temperature, determine if the melting of 1 mole of NaCl(s) is spontaneous at 500 \u00c2\u00b0C and at 700 \u00c2\u00b0C.SNaCl(s)\u00c2\u00b0=72.11Jmol\u00c2\u00b7KSNaCl(l)\u00c2\u00b0=95.06Jmol\u00c2\u00b7K\u00ce\u0094Hfusion\u00c2\u00b0=27.95 kJ/molSNaCl(s)\u00c2\u00b0=72.11Jmol\u00c2\u00b7KSNaCl(l)\u00c2\u00b0=95.06Jmol\u00c2\u00b7K\u00ce\u0094Hfusion\u00c2\u00b0=27.95 kJ/mol What assumptions are made about the thermodynamic information (entropy and enthalpy values) used to solve this problem?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9593}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17750", "question_text": "Find the 90thpercentile for the mean weight for the 100 weights.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20014", "question_text": "What is a drawback to not analyzing big data in a timely manner?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9506}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25971", "question_text": "LO13.2Does issuing a bond at a discount increase or decrease interest expense over the life of the bond?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7645}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19907", "question_text": "What are some key principles of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that organizations should comply with?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9408}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20963", "question_text": "What is the difference between a budget deficit and the national debt?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06381", "question_text": "Why would combining a camera with a cell phone in a smartphone pass the test for non-obviousness, whereas putting wheels from a chair onto an office cart would not?    A. The technology in a smartphone is much more complicated.   B. Putting wheels from a chair onto a cart is less difficult.   C. Combining a camera and a cell phone produced an unexpected result.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8657}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14905", "question_text": "When visiting some countries, you may see a person balancing a load on the head. Explain why the center of mass of the load needs to be directly above the person\u00e2\u0080\u0099s neck vertebrae.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9927}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09232", "question_text": "The ___________ separates the upper and lower respiratory tract.    A. bronchi   B. larynx   C. epiglottis   D. palatine tonsil", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17641", "question_text": "State the probability density function.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01126", "question_text": "A. \u24d0 (4,3)(4,3)   B. \u24d1 (\u22124,3)(\u22124,3)   C. \u24d2 (\u22124,\u22123)(\u22124,\u22123)   D. \u24d3 (4,\u22123)(4,\u22123)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6037}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25077", "question_text": "Roxanne Quimby of Burt\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Bees is an example of an entrepreneur primarily for which of the following reasons? She saw available resources and recognized the resources could be used to create a business.She acted on her passions.She solved a significant societal problem.She had the time and energy to dedicate to starting business.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9624}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03887", "question_text": "Answer these three questions about early-stage corporate finance:    A. Why do very small companies tend to raise money from private investors instead of through an IPO?   B. Why do small, young companies often prefer an IPO to borrowing from a bank or issuing bonds?   C. Who has better information about whether a small firm is likely to earn profits, a venture capitalist or a potential bondholder, and why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9474}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11490", "question_text": "The ________ forces selective uptake of minerals in the root.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06620", "question_text": "What is the ratio of the average translational kinetic energy of a nitrogen molecule at a temperature of 300 K to the gravitational potential energy of a nitrogen-molecule\u2212Earth system at the ceiling of a 3-m-tall room with respect to the same system with the molecule at the floor?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9222}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24328", "question_text": "What was President Zachary Taylor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s top priority as president? preserving the Unionensuring the recapture of escaped enslaved peopleexpanding slaveryenlarging the state of Texas", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9593}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23672", "question_text": "Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09180", "question_text": "We use antisera to distinguish between various ________ within a species of bacteria.    A. isotypes   B. serovars   C. subspecies   D. lines", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02888", "question_text": "Calculate the molar mass of each of the following: (a) S 8 (b) C 5 H 12 (c) Sc 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (d) CH 3 COCH 3 (acetone) (e) C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12012", "question_text": "Explain how biodiversity loss can impact crop diversity.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9313}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22539", "question_text": "Identify and describe two factors that have led to a decline in teen pregnancy rates.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6558}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17960", "question_text": "A pharmaceutical company is interested in the relationship between age and presentation of symptoms for a common viral infection. A random sample is taken of 500 people with the infection across different age groups.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7471}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18081", "question_text": "Write the set of all zebras that do not have stripes in symbolic form.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16801", "question_text": "If Earth was to be hit by an extraterrestrial object, where in the solar system could it come from and how would we know its source region?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15137", "question_text": "(a) What is the direction of the total Coulomb force onqqinFigure 18.42ifqqis negative,qa=qcqa=qcand both are negative, andqb=qdqb=qdand both are positive? (b) What is the direction of the electric field at the center of the square in this situation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9417}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22057", "question_text": "Self-concept refers to ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9332}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10539", "question_text": "Which person or group was most responsible for the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment?    A. President Johnson   B. northern voters   C. southern voters   D. Radical Republicans in Congress", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9783}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15720", "question_text": "What is the SI unit of force?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17300", "question_text": "Suppose the Milky Way Galaxy were truly isolated and that no other galaxies existed within 100 million light-years. Suppose that galaxies were observed in larger numbers at distances greater than 100 million light-years. Why would it be more difficult to determine accurate distances to those galaxies than if there were also galaxies relatively close by?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5764}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24894", "question_text": "Industries like to be in control of their own destiny and as a result prefer self-regulation to laws imposed by governments. Self-regulation is often ________. based on external codes of conductenforced by the courtsin conflict with common lawless costly for firms than government regulation", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9512}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05484", "question_text": "Unreasonable Results A frazzled theoretical physicist reckons that all conservation laws are obeyed in the decay of a proton into a neutron, positron, and neutrino (as in \\beta^{+} decay of a nucleus) and sends a paper to a journal to announce the reaction as a possible end of the universe due to the spontaneous decay of protons. (a) What energy is released in this decay? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) What assumption is responsible?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13245", "question_text": "Among other bones, the axial skeleton includes the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9663}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10041", "question_text": "\\- \\frac{31}{30} - \\frac{7}{30}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7744}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01403", "question_text": "\\frac{1}{b - 2} + \\frac{1}{b + 2} = \\frac{3}{b^{2} - 4}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7792}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07867", "question_text": "An airplane of mass 4.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{4}\\ \\text{kg} flies horizontally at an altitude of 10 km with a constant speed of 250 m/s relative to Earth. (a) What is the magnitude of the airplane\u2019s angular momentum relative to a ground observer directly below the plane? (b) Does the angular momentum change as the airplane flies along a constant altitude?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8324}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26294", "question_text": "LO11.5Fenton, Inc., has established a new strategic plan that calls for new capital investment. The company has a 9.8% required rate of return and an 8.3% cost of capital. Fenton currently has a return of 10% on its other investments. The proposed new investments have equal annual cash inflows expected. Management used a screening procedure of calculating a payback period for potential investments and annual cash flows, and the IRR for the 7 possible investments are shown. Each investment has a 6-year expected useful life and no salvage value. Identify which project(s) is/are unacceptable and briefly state the conceptual justification as to why each of your choices is unacceptable.Assume Fenton has $330,000 available to spend. Which remaining projects should Fenton invest in and in what order?If Fenton was not limited to a spending amount, should they invest in all of the projects given the company is evaluated using return on investment?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7596}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04311", "question_text": "[LO 12.3](12-3-define-and-apply-accounting-treatment-for-contingent- liabilities) Blake Department Store sells television sets with one-year warranties that cover repair and replacement of television parts. In the month of June, Blake sells forty television sets with a per unit cost of $\u0234. If Blake estimates warranty fulfillment at 10% of sales, what would be the warranty liability reported in June?    A. $1,000   B. $2,000   C. $500   D. $20,000", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16577", "question_text": "To what color must quarks combine for a particle to be constructed?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9649}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25196", "question_text": "What are the differences in the three major types of entrepreneurs?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22371", "question_text": "Analyze the role of caregivers in fostering self-recognition and self-awareness in infants. How do interactions, such as the mirror test and verbal prompts, contribute to the development of an infant\u00e2\u0080\u0099s sense of self? Discuss the significance of these milestones and provide examples of how early experiences with caregivers can influence the trajectory of self-development.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07181", "question_text": "A copper wire of length _L_ is fashioned into a circular coil with _N_ turns. When the magnetic field through the coil changes with time, for what value of _N_ is the induced emf a maximum?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00841", "question_text": "\\left( 4^{2} + 5^{2} \\right)^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7865}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06096", "question_text": "An electron can interact with a nucleus through the beta-decay process: {}_{Z}^{A}\\text{X}\\ \\text{+}\\ e^{-}\\rightarrow\\ Y + v_{e} . (a) Write the complete reaction equation for electron capture by {}^{7}\\text{Be} . (b) Calculate the energy released.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02632", "question_text": "Convert \\left( {- 9, - 4} \\right) to polar coordinates.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24968", "question_text": "What\u00e2\u0080\u0099s the main benefit of e-mediation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20784", "question_text": "Some economists warn that the persistent trade deficits and a negative current account balance that the United States has run will be a problem in the long run. Do you agree or not? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11660", "question_text": "What are the main functions of the spinal cord?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.438}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13284", "question_text": "The majority of the water found on Earth is:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7892}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15056", "question_text": "Give an explanation of how food energy (calories) can be viewed as molecular potential energy (consistent with the atomic and molecular definition of internal energy).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5729}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24284", "question_text": "How did Texas settlers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 view of Mexico and its people contribute to the history of Texas in the 1830s?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19210", "question_text": "What is the primary difference between a heuristic and a pattern?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19884", "question_text": "Which international standard provides a framework for an information security management system (ISMS)?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00774", "question_text": "\\mathbf{\\text{r}}(t) = 2\\mathbf{\\text{i}} + \\text{t}\\ \\mathbf{\\text{j}} + 3t^{2}\\mathbf{\\text{k}} for 0 \\leq t \\leq 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.929}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24916", "question_text": "A patient becomes violent on hospital premises after being turned down for the clinical trial of a new drug therapy. This scenario fits which of the following workplace violence categories? traditional criminal intentviolence by one worker against anotherviolence stemming from a personal relationshipviolence by a customer", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06088", "question_text": "The half-life of strontium-91, {}_{38}^{91}\\text{S}\\text{r} is 9.70 h. Find (a) its decay constant and (b) for an initial 1.00-g sample, the activity after 15 hours.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02456", "question_text": "The graph of f(x) = 6.5^{x} is reflected about the _y_ -axis and stretched vertically by a factor of G. What is the equation of the new function, g(x)? State its _y_ -intercept, domain, and range.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3671}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13606", "question_text": "Calculate\u00ce\u0094H\u00c2\u00b0\u00ce\u0094H\u00c2\u00b0for the processZn(s)+S(s)+2O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6ZnSO4(s)Zn(s)+S(s)+2O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6ZnSO4(s) from the following information:Zn(s)+S(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6ZnS(s)\u00ce\u0094H\u00c2\u00b0=\u00e2\u0088\u0092206.0kJZnS(s)+2O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6ZnSO4(s)\u00ce\u0094H\u00c2\u00b0=\u00e2\u0088\u0092776.8kJZn(s)+S(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6ZnS(s)\u00ce\u0094H\u00c2\u00b0=\u00e2\u0088\u0092206.0kJZnS(s)+2O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6ZnSO4(s)\u00ce\u0094H\u00c2\u00b0=\u00e2\u0088\u0092776.8kJ", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9641}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16798", "question_text": "Do all planetary systems look the same as our own?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8316}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22579", "question_text": "Identify the different attachment styles that might be seen in adolescent relationships.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10211", "question_text": "\\left( {3.98d + 0.75d} \\right) + 1.25d", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8153}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09158", "question_text": "Which of the following is a genetic disease that results in lack of production of antibodies?    A. agammaglobulinemia   B. myasthenia gravis   C. HIV/AIDS   D. chronic granulomatous disease", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8637}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02016", "question_text": "\\frac{\\sqrt{245xy^{-4}}}{\\sqrt{45x^{-4}y^{3}}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6488}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07664", "question_text": "A small object is placed at the top of an incline that is essentially frictionless. The object slides down the incline onto a rough horizontal surface, where it stops in 5.0 s after traveling 60 m. (a) What is the speed of the object at the bottom of the incline and its acceleration along the horizontal surface? (b) What is the height of the incline?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7331}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10223", "question_text": "0 \\div \\frac{2}{3}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7403}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19296", "question_text": "What is the best way to use GOTO in the structured paradigm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09229", "question_text": "Which of the following is not directly connected to the nasopharynx?    A. middle ear   B. oropharynx   C. lacrimal glands   D. nasal cavity", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9553}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07209", "question_text": "A coil with a self-inductance of 2.0 H carries a current that varies with time according to I(t) = (2.0\\ \\text{A})\\text{sin}\\ 120\\pi t. Find an expression for the emf induced in the coil.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07567", "question_text": "A 0.0502-kg pair of fuzzy dice is attached to the rearview mirror of a car by a short string. The car accelerates at constant rate, and the dice hang at an angle of 3.20\\text{\u00b0} from the vertical because of the car\u2019s acceleration. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the car?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26989", "question_text": "Which medication does the nurse anticipate will be ordered for a client admitted with a diagnosis of gastritis?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7033}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22266", "question_text": "Which disorder results from a combination of multiple genetic and environmental factors?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8652}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09025", "question_text": "\u03b2-lactamases can degrade vancomycin.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.938}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22558", "question_text": "When thirteen-year-old Taylor points out someone\u00e2\u0080\u0099s body size, their parent frequently responds, \u00e2\u0080\u009cEveryone is unique and beautiful in their own way!\u00e2\u0080\u009d What is Taylor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s parent acknowledging?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9944}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07716", "question_text": "A child (32 kg) jumps up and down on a trampoline. The trampoline exerts a spring restoring force on the child with a constant of 5000 N/m. At the highest point of the bounce, the child is 1.0 m above the level surface of the trampoline. What is the compression distance of the trampoline? Neglect the bending of the legs or any transfer of energy of the child into the trampoline while jumping.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7067}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03044", "question_text": "Thallium was used as a poison in the Agatha Christie mystery story \u201cThe Pale Horse.\u201d Thallium has two possible cationic forms, +1 and +C. The +1 compounds are the more stable. Write the electron structure of the +1 cation of thallium.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4586}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21701", "question_text": "The Russian military buildup on the Ukraine border in early 2022 and calculated responses from the United States and its NATO allies can be viewed as a ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10126", "question_text": "Highlighters: 6 for \\text{\\$2.52}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5809}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18792", "question_text": "f(x)=x+4f(x)=x+4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9206}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18420", "question_text": "If the cost of a car is $35,500, and the residual value of the car after 3 years is $27,800, what is the monthly depreciation for the car?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9217}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13674", "question_text": "Which atom has the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d2?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23707", "question_text": "How is children\u00e2\u0080\u0099s play influenced by gender roles? Think back to your childhood. How \u00e2\u0080\u009cgendered\u00e2\u0080\u009d were the toys and activities available to you? Do you remember gender expectations being conveyed through the approval or disapproval of your playtime choices?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03264", "question_text": "Calculate the molality of each of the following solutions: (a) 0.710 kg of sodium carbonate (washing soda), Na 2 CO 3 , in 10.0 kg of water\u2014a saturated solution at 0\u00b0C(b) 125 g of NH 4 NO 3 in 275 g of water\u2014a mixture used to make an instant ice pack (c) 25 g of Cl 2 in 125 g of dichloromethane, CH 2 Cl 2 (d) 0.372 g of tetrahydropyridine, C 5 H 9 N, in 125 g of chloroform, CHCl 3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05928", "question_text": "If a quantum particle is in a stationary state, does it mean that it does not move?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9509}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22693", "question_text": "What positive changes in cognition might be expected in middle adulthood?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22930", "question_text": "Released glutamate is:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5308}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24214", "question_text": "Under the Articles of Confederation, what power did the national Confederation Congress have? the power to taxthe power to enforce foreign treatiesthe power to enforce commercial trade agreementsthe power to create land ordinances", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4167}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14448", "question_text": "Among other things, an ideal fuel for the control thrusters of a space vehicle should decompose in a spontaneous exothermic reaction when exposed to the appropriate catalyst. Evaluate the following substances under standard state conditions as suitable candidates for fuels. (a) Ammonia:2NH3(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6N2(g)+3H2(g) (b) Diborane:B2H6(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62B(g)+3H2(g)B2H6(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62B(g)+3H2(g) (c) Hydrazine:N2H4(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6N2(g)+2H2(g)N2H4(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6N2(g)+2H2(g) (d) Hydrogen peroxide:H2O2(l)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H2O(g)+12O2(g)H2O2(l)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H2O(g)+12O2(g)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14539", "question_text": "Classify each of the following molecules as polar or nonpolar. You may wish to review the chapter on chemical bonding. (a) SiH4 (b) Si2H6 (c) SiCl3H (d) SiF4 (e) SiCl2F2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9767}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17135", "question_text": "Describe the properties of the dust grains found in the space between stars.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07235", "question_text": "Discuss the differences between average power and instantaneous power.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9514}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00797", "question_text": "{\\iiint\\limits_{R}{3y\\ dV}}, where R = \\left\\\\{ {\\left. \\left( {x,y,z} \\right) \\right|0 \\leq x \\leq 1,0 \\leq y \\leq x,0 \\leq z \\leq \\sqrt{9 - y^{2}}} \\right\\\\}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7027}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01735", "question_text": "f(x) = x^{2} - 5x + 6", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7364}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15897", "question_text": "How much force would be needed to cause a 17 kg \u00e2\u008b\u0085 m/s change in the momentum of an object, if the force acted for 5 seconds?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25113", "question_text": "What are some biases that minorities and women face in acquiring funding?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02435", "question_text": "y varies directly as the square of x. If when x = 3,\\mspace{9mu} y = 36, find y if x = 4.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9461}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11071", "question_text": "Post-translational control refers to:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6643}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23451", "question_text": "Which person or organization defined the concept of value neutrality?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16532", "question_text": "What is the atomic number of the most strongly bound nuclide?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25313", "question_text": "What kind of lifecycles do businesses go through? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9907}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12894", "question_text": "Explain the role of bile salts and lecithin in the emulsification of lipids (fats).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.583}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02198", "question_text": "a_{1} = 5 and d = 3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5443}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06734", "question_text": "A system consisting of 20.0 mol of a monoatomic ideal gas is cooled at constant pressure from a volume of 50.0 L to 10.0 L. The initial temperature was 300 K. What is the change in entropy of the gas?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06086", "question_text": "(a) Calculate BEN for {}^{235}\\text{U} , the rarer of the two most common uranium isotopes; (b) Calculate BEN for {}^{238}\\text{U} . (Most of uranium is {}^{238}\\text{U} .)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08546", "question_text": "The criminal act necessary to commit a crime is known as:    A. Malice aforethought.   B. Mens rea.   C. Subjective fault.   D. Actus reus.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9048}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26580", "question_text": "Which of the following nutritional deficiencies can impact hematologic wellness across the lifespan?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5765}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00903", "question_text": "\\frac{15 \\cdot 5 - 5^{2}}{2 \\cdot 10}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4945}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12718", "question_text": "Describe one cardiac cycle, beginning with both atria and ventricles relaxed.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12604", "question_text": "How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9808}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16767", "question_text": "Explain why each element has a unique spectrum of absorption or emission lines.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7536}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01025", "question_text": "The difference of _s_ and one-twelfth is one fourth.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9797}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10582", "question_text": "What problems did Taft\u2019s foreign policy create for the United States?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.544}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04241", "question_text": "[LO 8.6](8-6-define-the-purpose-of-a-bank-reconciliation-and-prepare-a-bank- reconciliation-and-its-associated-journal-entries) Which of the following items are found on a book side of the bank reconciliation?    A. beginning bank balance   B. outstanding checks   C. interest income   D. error made by bank", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9398}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19596", "question_text": "What are some of the benefits and drawbacks of native application development?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07059", "question_text": "(a) At what speed will a proton move in a circular path of the same radius as the electron in the previous exercise? (b) What would the radius of the path be if the proton had the same speed as the electron? (c) What would the radius be if the proton had the same kinetic energy as the electron? (d) The same momentum?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8815}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06524", "question_text": "Can a mere idea be considered a trade secret?    A. No. Just as you cannot patent or copyright a mere idea, you cannot protect a mere idea with a trade secret.   B. Yes. Under the Uniform Trade Secrets Act, even an idea can sometimes be considered a trade secret.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9739}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14842", "question_text": "If centripetal force is directed toward the center, why do you feel that you are \u00e2\u0080\u0098thrown\u00e2\u0080\u0099 away from the center as a car goes around a curve? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4526}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16516", "question_text": "Predict the effect on a photon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s wavelength of a collision with an electron.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17961", "question_text": "The owner of a baseball team is interested in the relationship between player salaries and team winning percentage. They take a random sample of 100 players from different organizations.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9927}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19644", "question_text": "Consider our start-up company that is 100% committed to leveraging innovative technologies as a business growth facilitator. Describe how it can best take advantage of cloud deployment technologies to create products or services that can generate business. Give precise examples and explain how the start-up would be able to ensure the scalability of the resulting business (i.e., keep sustaining the cost of doing business while increasing its number of customers).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.385}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08160", "question_text": "A guitar string oscillates at a frequency of 100 Hz and produces a sound wave. (a) What do you think the frequency of the sound wave is that the vibrating string produces? (b) If the speed of the sound wave is   v = 343\\ \\text{m/s,} what is the wavelength of the sound wave?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6283}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13818", "question_text": "For the molecule allene,H2C=C=CH2,H2C=C=CH2,give the hybridization of each carbon atom. Will the hydrogen atoms be in the same plane or perpendicular planes?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25565", "question_text": "Joe runs a small barbershop. Most of his customers pay with cash. He has only a few monthly expenses including wages for one employee and utilities. Which method of accounting should Joe use?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5522}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03575", "question_text": "Write two balanced chemical equations in which sulfuric acid acts as an oxidizing agent.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.793}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09082", "question_text": "Bacteriocins and defensins are types of which of the following?    A. leukotrienes   B. cytokines   C. inflammation-eliciting mediators   D. antimicrobial peptides", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9739}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20537", "question_text": "Given the decline in union membership over the past 50 years, what does the theory of bilateral monopoly suggest will have happened to the equilibrium level of wages over time?  Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7097}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15464", "question_text": "Star Trek fans have often heard the term \u00e2\u0080\u009cantimatter drive.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Describe how you could use a magnetic field to trap antimatter, such as produced by nuclear decay, and later combine it with matter to produce energy. Be specific about the type of antimatter, the need for vacuum storage, and the fraction of matter converted into energy.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15984", "question_text": "What is the postulate having to do with reference frames on which the theory of special relativity is based?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7638}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01910", "question_text": "6x^{4} - 19x^{2} + 15", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6766}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19215", "question_text": "Explain why an information system architecture is considered an architecture view in TOGAF.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6847}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13910", "question_text": "Heavy water, D2O (molar mass = 20.03 g mol\u00e2\u0080\u00931), can be separated from ordinary water, H2O (molar mass = 18.01), as a result of the difference in the relative rates of diffusion of the molecules in the gas phase. Calculate the relative rates of diffusion of H2O and D2O.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08056", "question_text": "If a car has a suspension system with a force constant of 5.00\\ \\times \\ 10^{4}\\ \\text{N/m} , how much energy must the car\u2019s shocks remove to dampen an oscillation starting with a maximum displacement of 0.0750 m?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09673", "question_text": "Describe the difference between normative and descriptive ethical theories.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9945}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05197", "question_text": "Combing your hair leads to excess electrons on the comb. How fast would you have to move the comb up and down to produce red light?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9434}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04312", "question_text": "[LO 12.3](12-3-define-and-apply-accounting-treatment-for-contingent- liabilities) Which of the following best describes a contingent liability that is unlikely to occur?    A. remote   B. probable and estimable   C. reasonably possible   D. probable and inestimable", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8576}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05935", "question_text": "Can a quantum particle \u2018escape\u2019 from an infinite potential well like that in a box? Why? Why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6232}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10807", "question_text": "Energy transfers take place constantly in everyday activities. Think of two scenarios: cooking on a stove and driving. Explain how the second law of thermodynamics applies to these two scenarios.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9627}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18321", "question_text": "Solvex2+7x+3=0using the quadratic formula.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9851}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25204", "question_text": "Observation is the phase in which entrepreneurs explore problems that requires solution. Which is not a step in this phase? talk to clients and conduct research for potential solutiondetermine if change is neededexperiment and analyze potential solutionNone of these options is correct.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02165", "question_text": "\u24d0 16y^{2} - 9x^{2} - 36x - 96y - 36 = 0   \u24d1 x^{2} + y^{2} - 4x + 10y - 7 = 0   \u24d2 y = x^{2} - 2x + 3   \u24d3 25x^{2} + 9y^{2} = 225", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9538}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26510", "question_text": "Which vitamin has the greatest chance of toxicity if taken in large doses?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6846}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01398", "question_text": "\\frac{\\frac{5a}{a + 2}}{\\frac{10a^{2}}{a^{2} - 4}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5344}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04484", "question_text": "(a) Another airplane is flying in a jet stream that is blowing at 45.0 m/s in a direction \\text{20\u00ba} south of east (as in [Exercise 3.58](3-problems- exercises#eip-741) ). Its direction of motion relative to the Earth is 45.0\u00ba south of west, while its direction of travel relative to the air is 5.00\u00ba south of west. What is the airplane\u2019s speed relative to the air mass? (b) What is the airplane\u2019s speed relative to the Earth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7316}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08093", "question_text": "A swimmer in the ocean observes one day that the ocean surface waves are periodic and resemble a sine wave. The swimmer estimates that the vertical distance between the crest and the trough of each wave is approximately 0.45 m, and the distance between each crest is approximately 1.8 m. The swimmer counts that 12 waves pass every two minutes. Determine the simple harmonic wave function that would describes these waves.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25074", "question_text": "What factors contribute to a growing interest in entrepreneurship? unemployment levelslow job turnover ratesincreasing levels of creativitydecreasing rates of discrimination", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9939}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25619", "question_text": "If you are an investor concerned about unexpected inflation in the coming years which of the following investments offers the greatest protection against inflation, and why: T-notes, T-bonds, or TIPS?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9652}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18842", "question_text": "All continuous functions have an antiderivative.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9543}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13369", "question_text": "Open theBuild an Atom simulation. (a) Drag protons, neutrons, and electrons onto the atom template to make a neutral atom of Oxygen-16 and give the isotope symbol for this atom. (b) Now add two more electrons to make an ion and give the symbol for the ion you have created.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07200", "question_text": "Do Kirchhoff\u2019s rules apply to circuits that contain inductors and capacitors?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9884}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08867", "question_text": "_Lactobacillus acidophilus_ grows best at pH 4.E. It is considered a(n) ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04502", "question_text": "A 1100-kg car pulls a boat on a trailer. (a) What total force resists the motion of the car, boat, and trailer, if the car exerts a 1900-N force on the road and produces an acceleration of 0\\text{.}\\text{550 m/s}^{2} ? The mass of the boat plus trailer is 700 kg. (b) What is the force in the hitch between the car and the trailer if 80% of the resisting forces are experienced by the boat and trailer?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9822}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04137", "question_text": "[LO 3.5](3-5-use-journal-entries-to-record-transactions-and-post-to-t- accounts) What does the term _recognize_ mean?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7568}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15750", "question_text": "Two vectors are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. What is the magnitude of their resultant vector?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7893}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13648", "question_text": "Using the Bohr model, determine the energy of an electron withn= 8 in a hydrogen atom.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15298", "question_text": "Under what conditions might wires in a DC circuit emit electromagnetic waves?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10748", "question_text": "What are the structural and functional similarities and differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11568", "question_text": "A plane that divides an animal into dorsal and ventral portions is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9816}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19053", "question_text": "u(t)=\u00e2\u008c\u00a9t2,2t+6,4t5\u00e2\u0088\u009212\u00e2\u008c\u00aau(t)=\u00e2\u008c\u00a9t2,2t+6,4t5\u00e2\u0088\u009212\u00e2\u008c\u00aa", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8804}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19454", "question_text": "What is metadata and what is involved in cataloging them?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9486}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03840", "question_text": "Identify whether the market supply curve will shift right or left or will stay the same for the following:    A. Firms in an industry are required to pay a fine for their carbon dioxide emissions.   B. Companies are sued for polluting the water in a river.   C. Power plants in a specific city are not required to address the impact of their air quality emissions.   D. Companies that use fracking to remove oil and gas from rock are required to clean up the damage.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5942}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22221", "question_text": "Which of the following wasnotlisted as a barrier to mental health treatment?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6326}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06719", "question_text": "A Carnot engine is used to measure the temperature of a heat reservoir. The engine operates between the heat reservoir and a reservoir consisting of water at its triple point. (a) If 400 J per cycle are removed from the heat reservoir while 200 J per cycle are deposited in the triple-point reservoir, what is the temperature of the heat reservoir? (b) If 400 J per cycle are removed from the triple-point reservoir while 200 J per cycle are deposited in the heat reservoir, what is the temperature of the heat reservoir?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9632}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14668", "question_text": "Write two complete, balanced equations for each of the following reactions, one using condensed formulas and one using Lewis structures. (a) 2-butene reacts with chlorine. (b) benzene burns in air.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9895}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25702", "question_text": "LO2.1Identify one similarity and one difference between expenses and losses. Why is this distinction important to stakeholders?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17106", "question_text": "Suppose you have discovered a new cepheid variable star. What steps would you take to determine its distance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21890", "question_text": "Chemical messages often sent between two members of a species to communicate something about reproductive status are called ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3611}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08605", "question_text": "Which scientist proposed adding a kingdom for protists?    A. Carolus Linnaeus   B. Carl Woese   C. Robert Whittaker   D. Ernst Haeckel", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9791}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02701", "question_text": "\\begin{array}{r} {4x - 2y = 23} \\\\\\ {- 5x - 10y = - 35} \\end{array}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7735}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13788", "question_text": "Draw the Lewis electron dot structures for these molecules, including resonance structures where appropriate: (a)CS32\u00e2\u0088\u0092CS32\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (b) CS2 (c) CS (d) predict the molecular shapes forCS32\u00e2\u0088\u0092CS32\u00e2\u0088\u0092and CS2and explain how you arrived at your predictions", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27086", "question_text": "Which adverse effect should the nurse caution the client taking amoxicillin-clavulanate to expect?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6193}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11680", "question_text": "In sound, pitch is measured in _____, and volume is measured in _____.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4813}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18774", "question_text": "limx\u00e2\u0086\u0092\u00e2\u0088\u00925x2+25x+5limx\u00e2\u0086\u0092\u00e2\u0088\u00925x2+25x+5", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6412}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08200", "question_text": "Two sound speakers are separated by a distance _d_ , each sounding a frequency _f_ . An observer stands at one speaker and walks in a straight line a distance _x_ , perpendicular to the the two speakers, until he comes to the first maximum intensity of sound. The speed of sound is _v_ . How far is he from the speaker?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5322}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02539", "question_text": "f(x) = 3\\sin\\left( {x - \\frac{\\pi}{4}} \\right) - 4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7793}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06109", "question_text": "According to your lab partner, a 2.00-cm-thick sodium-iodide crystal absorbs all but 10\\text{\\%} of rays from a radioactive source and a 4.00-cm piece of the same material absorbs all but 5\\text{\\%}? Is this result reasonable?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18907", "question_text": "[T]Using your function from the previous problem, find exactly how far the Bugati Veyron traveled in the 1 min 40 sec included in the graph.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10336", "question_text": "Solve the formula 6x + 5y = 20 for y\\text{:}    A. \u24d0 when x=0x=0   B. \u24d1 in general", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13746", "question_text": "Iodine forms a series of fluorides (listed here). Write Lewis structures for each of the four compounds and determine the formal charge of the iodine atom in each molecule: (a) IF (b) IF3 (c) IF5 (d) IF7", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12602", "question_text": "The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18431", "question_text": "How much SSI is paid by a person with an annual income of $183,500?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9813}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10565", "question_text": "Which of the following was _not_ a vehicle for the farmers\u2019 protest?    A. the Mugwumps   B. the Grange   C. the Farmers\u2019 Alliance   D. the People\u2019s Party", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7833}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17874", "question_text": "Is this a test of means or proportions?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24456", "question_text": "How did the Boxer Rebellion strengthen American ties with China? The United States supported the rebels and gained their support.The United States provided troops to fight the rebels.The United States sent arms and financial support to the Chinese government.The United States thwarted attempts by Great Britain and Germany to fortify the rebels.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7129}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11743", "question_text": "Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle. It is caused by an imbalance in the activity of which cells?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08643", "question_text": "Which of the following individuals is credited for definitively refuting the theory of spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flask?    A. Aristotle   B. Jan Baptista van Helmont   C. John Needham   D. Louis Pasteur", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6364}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12115", "question_text": "What is a primary function of tumor suppressor genes?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9496}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20797", "question_text": "What is Keynes\u00e2\u0080\u0099 law?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9707}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02734", "question_text": "Focus at \\left( {2,\\frac{9}{8}} \\right); directrix is y = \\frac{7}{8}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5425}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26378", "question_text": "Which type of distribution does the graph illustrate? Figure5.30", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9599}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00982", "question_text": "Steve\u2019s car holds 55 liters of gas. Convert this to gallons.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13713", "question_text": "Write the Lewis symbols for each of the following ions: (a) As3\u00e2\u0080\u0093 (b) I\u00e2\u0080\u0093 (c) Be2+ (d) O2\u00e2\u0080\u0093 (e) Ga3+ (f) Li+ (g) N3\u00e2\u0080\u0093", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16942", "question_text": "Compare the properties of the volcanoes on Io with those of terrestrial volcanoes. Give at least two similarities and two differences.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06807", "question_text": "The charge per unit length on the thin rod shown here is \\lambda. What is the electric force on the point charge _q_ ? (See the preceding problem.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5496}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05618", "question_text": "Will the focal length of a lens change when it is submerged in water? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22540", "question_text": "Identify and describe two benefits of a comprehensive sex education curriculum.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7458}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01340", "question_text": "20x^{2} - 125", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5764}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09254", "question_text": "Calcified lesions called _______ form in the lungs of patients with TB.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5295}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19722", "question_text": "PaaS is a standard acronym for Platform as a Service. Explain how cloud PaaS works to enhance data analytics. Explain how PaaS can help with the TRM performance quality.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9149}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12254", "question_text": "The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23189", "question_text": "How different individuals respond to the same stressor:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25522", "question_text": "Compose a paragraph (150\u00e2\u0080\u0093200 words) using all of the following terms as they relate to personal selling. The goal is to prove you understand the meaning of each term.Terms:Order takersInside order takersOutside order takersOrder gettersSupport personnelMissionary salespeopleTechnical specialistsTeam selling", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.916}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26675", "question_text": "The client has returned to the clinic for a follow-up appointment after being diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates they have followed the recommended diet to manage their condition?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9725}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02211", "question_text": "Find a_{12} of the sequence, 6,-24,96,-384,1536,-6144,\\text{\u2026}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9949}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16903", "question_text": "What are the main challenges involved in sending probes to the giant planets?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9605}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14302", "question_text": "Explain why the pH does not change significantly when a small amount of an acid or a base is added to a solution that contains equal amounts of the base NH3and a salt of its conjugate acid NH4Cl.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5333}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18658", "question_text": "States A, B, C, and D received 21, 25, 26, and 28 seats respectively.  When the population remains the same, but house size is increased, the reapportionment is A 20, B 26, C 27, and D 29.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10781", "question_text": "Both of the regular intravenous solutions administered in medicine, normal saline and lactated Ringer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s solution, are isotonic. Why is this important?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11901", "question_text": "Why do mammalian eggs have a small concentration of yolk, while bird and reptile eggs have a large concentration of yolk?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9949}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24411", "question_text": "Which of the following was a disadvantage of machine politics? Immigrants did not have a voice.Taxpayers ultimately paid higher city taxes due to graft.Only wealthy parts of the city received timely responses.Citizens who voiced complaints were at risk for their safety.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9529}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15537", "question_text": "Explain why it onlyappearsthat we are at the center of expansion of the universe and why an observer in another galaxy would see the same relative motion of all but the closest galaxies away from her.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.921}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05830", "question_text": "(a) All but the closest galaxies are receding from our own Milky Way Galaxy. If a galaxy 12.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{9}\\ \\text{ly} away is receding from us at 0.900 _c_ , at what velocity relative to us must we send an exploratory probe to approach the other galaxy at 0.990 _c_ as measured from that galaxy? (b) How long will it take the probe to reach the other galaxy as measured from Earth? You may assume that the velocity of the other galaxy remains constant. (c) How long will it then take for a radio signal to be beamed back? (All of this is possible in principle, but not practical.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5142}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07498", "question_text": "A fan is rotating at a constant 360.0 rev/min. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of a point on one of its blades 10.0 cm from the axis of rotation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9819}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09916", "question_text": "(30 + 6) \\div 2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8144}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22412", "question_text": "Imagine you are responsible for designing a playground or a physical education program for young children. How would you ensure that it supports both gross and fine motor development? Consider the needs of children with different abilities and backgrounds in your design. What specific features or activities would you include to promote inclusive motor development?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5869}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24606", "question_text": "The belief that cutting taxes for the rich will eventually result in economic benefits for the poor is commonly referred to as ________. socialismpork barrel politicsKeynesian economicstrickle-down economics", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.503}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01034", "question_text": "8 + 3(n - 9) = 17", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6721}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01003", "question_text": "Jennifer ran 2.8 miles. Convert this length to kilometers. _(1 mile = 1.61 kilometers)_", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08296", "question_text": "What are some ways to overcome collective action problems?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8061}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18171", "question_text": "Calculate413\u00e2\u0088\u00921513without a calculator. If not possible, explain why.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9842}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21576", "question_text": "Which of these groups is most likely to vote in an election?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9689}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08251", "question_text": "Which of the following is _not_ part of a scientific poll design?    A. a leading question   B. a random sample   C. a representative sample   D. a low margin of error", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9886}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07052", "question_text": "What is the direction of the magnetic force on a positive charge that moves as shown in each of the six cases?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3792}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15078", "question_text": "Consider a system with a certain energy content, from which we wish to extract as much work as possible. Should the system\u00e2\u0080\u0099s entropy be high or low? Is this orderly or disorderly? Structured or uniform? Explain briefly.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4731}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25153", "question_text": "What would you do, as an entrepreneur, to make your employees feel you value their input and that they are free to speak honestly?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5661}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04596", "question_text": "Integrated Concepts The 70.0-kg swimmer in [Figure 7.41](7-problems- exercises#import-auto-id1412118) starts a race with an initial velocity of 1.25 m/s and exerts an average force of 80.0 N backward with his arms during each 1.80 m long stroke. (a) What is his initial acceleration if water resistance is 45.0 N? (b) What is the subsequent average resistance force from the water during the 5.00 s it takes him to reach his top velocity of 2.50 m/s? (c) Discuss whether water resistance seems to increase linearly with velocity.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9892}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19561", "question_text": "Consider our start-up company that is 100% committed to leveraging innovative technologies as a business growth facilitator. Describe how it can best take advantage of EAMs and EAFs to create products or services that can generate business. Give precise examples and explain how the start-up would be able to ensure the scalability of the resulting business (i.e., keep sustaining the cost of doing business while increasing its number of customers).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4739}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16503", "question_text": "According to wave theory, what is necessary to eject electrons from a surface?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26628", "question_text": "What is the goal of an anti-inflammatory diet for clients with RTI and pneumonia?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4244}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00752", "question_text": "Determine the Cartesian equation describing the orbit of Pluto, the most eccentric orbit around the Sun. The length of the major axis is 39.26 AU and minor axis is 38.07 AU. What is the eccentricity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12839", "question_text": "Compare and contrast the right and left lungs.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21235", "question_text": "Cable programming is often ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7135}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25917", "question_text": "LO10.3Search the internet for information about the technological breakthrough relating to inventory issues, referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT). How do you think the development of such technology will change the way accountants manage inventory in the future? Provide the weblink to the source or sources of your information.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9624}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17461", "question_text": "Second quartile = median = 50thpercentile = _______", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9503}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00789", "question_text": "Find the maximal directional derivative magnitude and direction for the function f\\left( {x,y} \\right) = x^{3} + 2xy - \\text{cos}\\left( {\\pi y} \\right) at point \\left( {3,0} \\right).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01985", "question_text": "\\left( {\\sqrt[3]{3x} + 2} \\right)\\left( {\\sqrt[3]{3x} - 2} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9541}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08844", "question_text": "_Pseudomonas aeruginosa_ is a common pathogen that infects the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis. It does not grow in the absence of oxygen. The bacterium is probably which of the following?    A. an aerotolerant anaerobe   B. an obligate aerobe   C. an obligate anaerobe   D. a facultative anaerobe", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9939}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10368", "question_text": "{(3a^{5})}^{3}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4268}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23713", "question_text": "Consider the types of derogatory labeling that sociologists study and explain how these might apply to discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25179", "question_text": "Compare and contrast supply-based opportunities and demand-based opportunities.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19769", "question_text": "Which business model earns commissions by promoting and selling other companies\u00e2\u0080\u0099 products or services through websites or social media channels?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9721}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15834", "question_text": "What is30\u00e2\u0088\u0098in radians?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21529", "question_text": "Social capital encourages political participation because:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08344", "question_text": "Under the mayor-council system, the ________.    A. legislative and executive responsibilities are separated   B. political and administrative functions are separated   C. mayor chairs the city council   D. city council selects the mayor", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18222", "question_text": "Rationalize the denominator of210+13.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25323", "question_text": "Pick three cons of business ownership and strategize how to turn them into pros.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21963", "question_text": "How could grammatical errors actually be indicative of language acquisition in children?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03377", "question_text": "State which of the following species are amphiprotic and write chemical equations illustrating the amphiprotic character of these species. (a) \\text{NH}_{3} (b) \\text{HPO}_{4}{}^{\\text{2\u2212}} (c) Br \u2212 (d) \\text{NH}_{4}{}^{\\text{+}} (e) \\text{AsO}_{4}{}^{\\text{3\u2212}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9865}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05117", "question_text": "(a) By how many percent is the torque of a motor decreased if its permanent magnets lose 5.0% of their strength? (b) How many percent would the current need to be increased to return the torque to original values?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6299}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10276", "question_text": "-18m = -72", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9729}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11578", "question_text": "The cell found in bone that makes the bone is called an ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.742}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12086", "question_text": "Explain why CH4is one of the most common molecules found in nature. Are the bonds between the atoms ionic or covalent?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19368", "question_text": "What type of memory access is described as computer memory architecture where access time to any memory location is the same across all processors?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5647}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04335", "question_text": "[LO 13.3](13-3-prepare-journal-entries-to-reflect-the-life-cycle-of-bonds) Huang Inc. issued 100 bonds with a face value of $1,000 and a 5-year term at $960 each. The journal entry to record this transaction includes ________.    A. a debit to Bonds Payable for $100,000   B. a debit to Discount on Bonds Payable for $4,000   C. a credit to cash for $96,000   D. a credit to Discount on Bonds Payable for $4,000", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9883}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26154", "question_text": "LO6.5What is the primary difference between variable costing and absorption costing?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23109", "question_text": "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to reduce chronic pain in some cases. Where could these drugs be acting to have this effect?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18738", "question_text": "What is typically the top frequency that adults over 20 can hear: 17 Hz, 170 Hz, 1,700 Hz, 17,000 Hz?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9884}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12277", "question_text": "Describe a typical vertebra.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26292", "question_text": "LO11.4Dinaro Inc. is looking at an investment project that has an NPV of ($5,000). The hurdle rate is 8%.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7446}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14476", "question_text": "What happens to\u00ce\u0094G\u00ce\u0094G(becomes more negative or more positive) for the following chemical reactions when the partial pressure of oxygen is increased? (a)S(s)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6SO2(g)S(s)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6SO2(g) (b)2SO2(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62SO3(g)2SO2(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62SO3(g) (c)HgO(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Hg(l)+O2(g)HgO(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Hg(l)+O2(g)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04798", "question_text": "Rubbing your hands together warms them by converting work into thermal energy. If a woman rubs her hands back and forth for a total of 20 rubs, at a distance of 7.50 cm per rub, and with an average frictional force of 40.0 N, what is the temperature increase? The mass of tissues warmed is only 0.100 kg, mostly in the palms and fingers.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9845}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04708", "question_text": "Referring to [Figure 11.19](11-7-archimedes-principle) , prove that the buoyant force on the cylinder is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced (Archimedes\u2019 principle). You may assume that the buoyant force is F_{2} - F_{1} and that the ends of the cylinder have equal areas A . Note that the volume of the cylinder (and that of the fluid it displaces) equals ({h_{2} - h_{1}})A .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8858}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09908", "question_text": "Last month, Stan\u2019s take-home pay was \\text{\\$3,816} and his expenses were \\text{\\$3,472.} How much of his take-home pay did Stan have left after he paid his expenses?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9797}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03934", "question_text": "Edna is living in a retirement home where most of her needs are taken care of, but she has some discretionary spending. Based on the basket of goods in [Table 22.5](22-self-check-questions#Table_22_08) , by what percentage does Edna\u2019s cost of living increase between time 1 and time 2?  Items | Quantity | (Time 1) Price | (Time 2) Price   ---|---|---|---   Gifts for grandchildren | 12 | $50 | $60   Pizza delivery | 24 | $15 | $16   Blouses | 6 | $60 | $50   Vacation trips | 2 | $400 | $420   Table 22.5", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9777}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15826", "question_text": "What is 1 radian approximately in degrees?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9132}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14847", "question_text": "Do you feel yourself thrown to either side when you negotiate a curve that is ideally banked for your car\u00e2\u0080\u0099s speed? What is the direction of the force exerted on you by the car seat?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18052", "question_text": "What is theFstatistic?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5943}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24357", "question_text": "What was Lincoln\u00e2\u0080\u0099s primary goal immediately following the Civil War? punishing the rebel statesimproving the lives of formerly enslaved peoplereunifying the countrypaying off the debts of the war", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7101}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20606", "question_text": "When do firms receive money from a stock sale in their firm and when do they not receive money?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9907}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18026", "question_text": "Plot the two given points on the following graph. Then, connect the two points to form the regression line. Figure12.31 Obtain the graph on your calculator or computer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15252", "question_text": "Suppose two long straight wires run perpendicular to one another without touching. Does one exert a net force on the other? If so, what is its direction? Does one exert a net torque on the other? If so, what is its direction? Justify your responses by using the right hand rules.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05965", "question_text": "Atoms in a crystal lattice vibrate in simple harmonic motion. Assuming a lattice atom has a mass of 9.4\\ \\times \\ 10^{-26}\\ \\text{kg} , what is the force constant of the lattice if a lattice atom makes a transition from the ground state to first excited state when it absorbs a \\text{525-}\u00b5\\text{m} photon?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08223", "question_text": "What were the implications of _McCulloch v. Maryland_ for federalism?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17212", "question_text": "Automobiles are often used as an analogy to help people better understand how more massive stars have much shorter main-sequence lifetimes compared to less massive stars. Can you explain such an analogy using automobiles?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7942}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25425", "question_text": "Why are there more sole proprietorships than any other business entity in the US?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06722", "question_text": "A metal rod is used to conduct heat between two reservoirs at temperatures T_{\\text{h}}\\ \\text{and}\\ T_{\\text{c}}, respectively. When an amount of heat _Q_ flows through the rod from the hot to the cold reservoir, what is the net entropy change of the rod, the hot reservoir, the cold reservoir, and the universe?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8319}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05646", "question_text": "The power of a physician\u2019s eyes is 53.0 D while examining a patient. How far from her eyes is the object that is being examined?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.98}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08603", "question_text": "Which of the following was NOT a kingdom in Linnaeus\u2019s taxonomy?    A. animal   B. mineral   C. protist   D. plant", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9821}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03686", "question_text": "The disk method can be used in any situation in which the washer method is successful at finding the volume of a solid of revolution.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25511", "question_text": "Have you ever experienced service that was so poor that you did not return? Compare your views with someone that you know. Is this a common service issue?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8801}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21107", "question_text": "In what ways did Shays\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Rebellion reveal the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.97}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09038", "question_text": "Which period is the stage of disease during which the patient begins to present general signs and symptoms?    A. convalescence   B. incubation   C. illness   D. prodromal", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21805", "question_text": "Some argue that animal research is inherently flawed in terms of being ethical because unlike human participants, animals do not consent to be involved in research. Do you agree with this perspective? Given that animals do not consent to be involved in research projects, what sorts of extra precautions should be taken to ensure that they receive the most humane treatment possible?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24522", "question_text": "Why was Herbert Hoover\u00e2\u0080\u0099s response to the initial months of the Great Depression so limited in scope?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7521}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00947", "question_text": "-1\\operatorname{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_} - \\ \\frac{1}{8}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9876}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03605", "question_text": "How many unpaired electrons are present in each of the following? (a) [CoF 6 ] 3\u2212 (high spin) (b) [Mn(CN) 6 ] 3\u2212 (low spin) (c) [Mn(CN) 6 ] 4\u2212 (low spin) (d) [MnCl 6 ] 4\u2212 (high spin) (e) [RhCl 6 ] 3\u2212 (low spin)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8287}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13107", "question_text": "Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05190", "question_text": "An _RLC_ series circuit has a 1.00\\ k\\Omega resistor, a 150\\ \\mu H inductor, and a 25.0 nF capacitor. (a) Find the circuit\u2019s impedance at 500 Hz. (b) Find the circuit\u2019s impedance at 7.50 kHz. (c) If the voltage source has {V_{\\text{rms}} = \\text{408}}\\ \\text{V} , what is I_{\\text{rms}}{} at each frequency? (d) What is the resonant frequency of the circuit? (e) What is I_{\\text{rms}}{} at resonance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22172", "question_text": "In considering the three dimensions of happiness discussed in this section (the pleasant life, the good life, and the meaningful life), what are some steps you could take to improve your personal level of happiness?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7824}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07783", "question_text": "You friend wonders how a rocket continues to climb into the sky once it is sufficiently high above the surface of Earth so that its expelled gasses no longer push on the surface. How do you respond?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02203", "question_text": "7,4,1,-2,-5,\\text{\u2026}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22728", "question_text": "Identify two factors that might help to explain the increase in gray divorces in the United States.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21410", "question_text": "Setting aside Social Security and Medicare, other entitlement programs in the U.S. government ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9846}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11977", "question_text": "The movement of mineral nutrients through organisms and their environment is called a ________ cycle.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08770", "question_text": "A triglyceride is formed by joining three glycerol molecules to a fatty acid backbone in a dehydration reaction.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9887}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12433", "question_text": "The large muscle group that attaches the leg to the pelvic girdle and produces extension of the hip joint is the ________ group.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9323}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17476", "question_text": "16;17;19;22;22;22;22;22;23", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9582}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15474", "question_text": "How does the finite range of the nuclear force relate to the fact thatBE/ABE/Ais greatest forAAnear 60?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9464}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12032", "question_text": "What is the position of the body when it is in the \u00e2\u0080\u009cnormal anatomical position?\u00e2\u0080\u009d", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4067}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22976", "question_text": "Which of the following is a major structural brain defect characterized by the incomplete closure of the neural tube during embryonic development?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26818", "question_text": "The nurse is providing instruction to a client with newly diagnosed intracranial hypertension with increased intracranial pressure. On which of the following drugs should the nurse provide client education?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25682", "question_text": "LO1.2Computerized accounting systems help businesses efficiently record and utilize financial information. QuickBooks is a popular software package for small businesses. Explore the QuickBooks website at https://quickbooks.intuit.com/. Select one of the QuickBooks plans, and discuss some of the capabilities of the software. Taking the perspective of a small business owner, explain how this software might help the business.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7921}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08511", "question_text": "Explore the behavior of the graph of f(x) around x = 1 by graphing the function on the following domains, [0.9, 1.1], [0.99, 1.01], [0.999, 1.001], and [0.9999, 1.0001]. Use this information to determine whether the function appears to be differentiable at x = 1.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.824}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09716", "question_text": "Explain how the normative approach to stakeholder theory informs the instrumental aspect and the descriptive approach.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9713}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04767", "question_text": "(a) If a 500-mL glass beaker is filled to the brim with ethyl alcohol at a temperature of 5\\text{.}\\text{00}\\text{\u00ba}\\text{C,} how much will overflow when its temperature reaches \\text{22}\\text{.}0\\text{\u00ba}\\text{C} ? (b) How much less water would overflow under the same conditions?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9189}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10000", "question_text": "c + (-10) = -17", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8453}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21766", "question_text": "In part, what aspect of psychology was the behaviorist approach to psychology a reaction to?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16597", "question_text": "Does a neutron have an antimatter counterpart?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9884}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03981", "question_text": "How would a decrease in energy prices affect the Phillips curve?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9686}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24148", "question_text": "Which of the following isnottrue of the Puritan religion? It required close reading of scripture.Church membership required a conversion narrative.Literacy was crucial.Only men could participate.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9384}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13575", "question_text": "When 50.0 g of 0.200 M NaCl(aq) at 24.1 \u00c2\u00b0C is added to 100.0 g of 0.100 M AgNO3(aq) at 24.1 \u00c2\u00b0C in a calorimeter, the temperature increases to 25.2 \u00c2\u00b0C as AgCl(s) forms. Assuming the specific heat of the solution and products is 4.20 J/g \u00c2\u00b0C, calculate the approximate amount of heat in joules produced.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24945", "question_text": "Participating in the gig economy often means working for a company as a part-time worker with no guarantee the job will last. Why would someone do it?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9542}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06996", "question_text": "What effect will the internal resistance of a rechargeable battery have on the energy being used to recharge the battery?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9805}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11302", "question_text": "The most primitive phylum of fungi is the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7836}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22549", "question_text": "Reflect on how your cognitive abilities evolved during adolescence, specifically in terms of your ability to think abstractly and reason logically. Provide examples from your teenage years where you engaged in hypothetical reasoning or complex problem-solving. How did your environment, such as your family, school, or culture, influence your cognitive development during this time?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10393", "question_text": "The thickness of a piece of paper is about 0.097 millimeter.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8234}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09841", "question_text": "A job setting in which an employee gym and a snack bar featuring healthy foods and beverages were perks would benefit which of these groups?    A. the owners/managers   B. the customers or clients of the firm   C. the employees   D. all the above", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8497}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10331", "question_text": "A plane flew 4 hours at 380 miles per hour. What distance was covered?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14323", "question_text": "Write the ionic equation for dissolution and the solubility product (Ksp) expression for each of the following slightly soluble ionic compounds: (a) PbCl2 (b) Ag2S (c) Sr3(PO4)2 (d) SrSO4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24162", "question_text": "What was the \u00e2\u0080\u009cconspiracy\u00e2\u0080\u009d of the New York Conspiracy Trials of 1741? American patriots conspiring to overthrow the royal governmentindentured servants conspiring to overthrow their contract holdersEnslaved people conspiring to burn down the city and take controlProtestants conspiring to murder Catholics", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.696}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18497", "question_text": "What is the expected value of this game?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7202}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18893", "question_text": "\u00e2\u0088\u00ab4\u00e2\u0088\u0092sin2(x)sin2(x)cos(x)dx\u00e2\u0088\u00ab4\u00e2\u0088\u0092sin2(x)sin2(x)cos(x)dxusing a table of integrals or a CAS", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7359}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17054", "question_text": "Suppose you are given the task of measuring the colors of the brightest stars, listed inAppendix J, through three filters: the first transmits blue light, the second transmits yellow light, and the third transmits red light. If you observe the star Vega, it will appear equally bright through each of the three filters. Which stars will appear brighter through the blue filter than through the red filter? Which stars will appear brighter through the red filter? Which star is likely to have colors most nearly like those of Vega?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9898}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22005", "question_text": "Who created the very first modern hospice?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7914}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00818", "question_text": "Use the divergence theorem to compute the value of the flux integral over the unit sphere with \\mathbf{\\text{F}}(x,y,z) = 3z\\mathbf{\\text{i}} + 2y\\mathbf{\\text{j}} + 2x\\mathbf{\\text{k}}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07423", "question_text": "On February 15, 2013, a superbolide meteor (brighter than the Sun) entered Earth\u2019s atmosphere over Chelyabinsk, Russia, and exploded at an altitude of 23.5 km. Eyewitnesses could feel the intense heat from the fireball, and the blast wave from the explosion blew out windows in buildings. The blast wave took approximately 2 minutes 30 seconds to reach ground level. The blast wave traveled at 10\u00b0 above the horizon. (a) What was the average velocity of the blast wave? b) Compare this with the speed of sound, which is 343 m/s at sea level.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9337}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13707", "question_text": "Predict which of the following compounds are ionic and which are covalent, based on the location of their constituent atoms in the periodic table: (a) Cl2CO (b) MnO (c) NCl3 (d) CoBr2 (e) K2S (f) CO (g) CaF2 (h) HI (i) CaO (j) IBr (k) CO2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9889}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17796", "question_text": "Using the same mean, standard deviation, and sample size, how would the error bound change if the confidence level were reduced to 90%? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9891}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15904", "question_text": "In the equation \u00ce\u0094p=m(vf\u00e2\u0088\u0092vi), which quantity is considered to be constant?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6568}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12407", "question_text": "Describe the differences between single-unit smooth muscle and multiunit smooth muscle.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10332", "question_text": "Jack is driving from Bangor to Portland at a rate of 68 miles per hour. The distance is 107 miles. To the nearest tenth of an hour, how long will the trip take?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22937", "question_text": "Serotonin neurons originate within the ________ and project to every part of the brain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9954}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13826", "question_text": "If molecular orbitals are created by combining five atomic orbitals from atom A and five atomic orbitals from atom B combine, how many molecular orbitals will result?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9798}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01148", "question_text": "y = \\frac{5}{3}x - 6", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5248}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11721", "question_text": "Glucagon is the peptide hormone that signals for the body to release glucose into the bloodstream. How does glucagon contribute to maintaining homeostasis throughout the body? What other hormones are involved in regulating the blood glucose cycle?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23177", "question_text": "Hans Selye noticed that physiological responses to different stressors were:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9931}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22660", "question_text": "Discuss the concept of intersectionality and how it applies to the development of identity in early adulthood. Provide examples of how different aspects of identity (e.g., race, gender, sexuality, and religion) intersect and influence each other. How might these intersections create unique challenges or opportunities for identity exploration? You should also reflect on how intersectionality has impacted your own identity development or that of someone you know.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8687}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12489", "question_text": "Which structure is associated with the embryologic development of the peripheral nervous system?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19949", "question_text": "List four modules of a customer relationship management system.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12734", "question_text": "Clusters of neurons in the medulla oblongata that regulate blood pressure are known collectively as ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6116}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04257", "question_text": "[LO 9.3](9-3-determine-the-efficiency-of-receivables-management-using- financial-ratios) What information can best be elicited from a receivable ratio?    A. company performance with current debt collection   B. credit extension effect on cash sales   C. likelihood of future customer bankruptcy filings   D. an increase in future credit sales to current customers", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.96}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22205", "question_text": "The prevalence of most psychological disorders has increased since the 1980s. However, as discussed in this section, scientific publications regarding dissociative amnesia peaked in the mid-1990s but then declined steeply through 2003. In addition, no fictional or nonfictional description of individuals showing dissociative amnesia following a trauma exists prior to 1800. How would you explain this phenomenon?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9061}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08434", "question_text": "Enter the data from [Table 1](4-practice-test#Table_04_08_14) into a graphing calculator and graph the resulting scatter plot. Determine whether the data from the table would likely represent a function that is linear, exponential, or logarithmic.  **_x_**| ** _f(x)_**   ---|---   1| 3   2| 8.55   3| 11.79   4| 14.09   5| 15.88   6| 17.33   7| 18.57   8| 19.64   9| 20.58   10| 21.42   Table 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7717}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20431", "question_text": "Why can it be difficult to decide what a \u00e2\u0080\u009cmarket\u00e2\u0080\u009d is for purposes of measuring competition?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6724}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20653", "question_text": "Would you usually expect GDP as measured by what is demanded to be greater than GDP measured by what is supplied, or the reverse?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5054}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18881", "question_text": "You are a crime scene investigator attempting to determine the time of death of a victim. It is noon and45\u00c2\u00b0F45\u00c2\u00b0Foutside and the temperature of the body is78\u00c2\u00b0F.78\u00c2\u00b0F.You know the cooling constant isk=0.00824\u00c2\u00b0F/min.k=0.00824\u00c2\u00b0F/min.When did the victim die, assuming that a human\u00e2\u0080\u0099s temperature is98\u00c2\u00b0F98\u00c2\u00b0F?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24998", "question_text": "Distinguish between civil and criminal law.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08587", "question_text": "What is a bait and switch?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9946}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14974", "question_text": "Is surface tension due to cohesive or adhesive forces, or both?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9042}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14903", "question_text": "A round pencil lying on its side as inFigure 9.12is in neutral equilibrium relative to displacements perpendicular to its length. What is its stability relative to displacements parallel to its length?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9746}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03173", "question_text": "Lime, CaO, is produced by heating calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 ; carbon dioxide is the other product. (a) Outline the steps necessary to answer the following question: What volume of carbon dioxide at 875 K and 0.966 atm is produced by the decomposition of 1 ton (1.000 \\times 10 3 kg) of calcium carbonate?(b) Answer the question.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7656}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24664", "question_text": "How can you manage your emotions when reading and thinking about philosophy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3733}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16856", "question_text": "How did our exploration of the Moon differ from that of Mercury (and the other planets)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05681", "question_text": "A near-sighted person has afar point of 80 cm. (a) What kind of corrective lens will the person need assuming the distance to the contact lens from the eye is zero? (b) What would be the power of the contact lens needed?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.767}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09185", "question_text": "In an enzyme immunoassay, the enzyme    A. is bound by the antibody\u2019s antigen-binding site.   B. is attached to the well of a microtiter plate.   C. is conjugated to the suspect antigen.   D. is bound to the constant region of the secondary antibody.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9861}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06407", "question_text": "What role does discovery play in an infringement case?    A. Through production of documents and interrogatories, either side may discover information that may be decisive in confirming or rebutting infringement claims.   B. Discovery is often an endless fishing expedition that escalates the costs to both parties exponentially.   C. Both of these describe the role of discovery in an infringement case.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10527", "question_text": "Why did many in the North resist the Fugitive Slave Act?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26967", "question_text": "A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with osteoporosis secondary to hyperparathyroidism about a new prescription for alendronate. Which adverse effect should the nurse teach the client to report to the health care provider?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4245}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07073", "question_text": "Repeat the previous problem with a new magnetic field of (0.4\\mathbf{\\hat{i}} + 1.2\\mathbf{\\hat{k}})\\text{T}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9895}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23755", "question_text": "Current divorce rates are:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8806}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23058", "question_text": "The ability of the brain to change and adapt in response to experiences is called ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8051}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23391", "question_text": "What does the phenomenon of inattentional blindness suggest about the influence of top-down attentional goals on our perception?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11037", "question_text": "If the rate of replication in a particular prokaryote is 900 nucleotides per second, how long would it take 1.2 million base pair genomes to make two copies?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9669}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02579", "question_text": "\\cos\\left( {\\tan^{- 1}\\left( x^{2} \\right)} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5837}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23259", "question_text": "________ refers to the physiological and behavioral effects of drugs, whereas ________ refers to the movement of the drug throughout the body.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9445}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12742", "question_text": "Blood islands are ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7834}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24269", "question_text": "What was the Trail of Tears?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9902}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12535", "question_text": "Which type of fiber could be considered the longest?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01873", "question_text": "12a^{2}b^{3},15ab^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9312}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05684", "question_text": "Young\u2019s double-slit experiment breaks a single light beam into two sources. Would the same pattern be obtained for two independent sources of light, such as the headlights of a distant car? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9681}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20742", "question_text": "Over the last century, during what periods was the U.S. inflation rate highest and lowest?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.854}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25306", "question_text": "Which gender experiences more fear about opening a business? Why do you think it they are more fearful?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9816}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24178", "question_text": "Which of the following wasnotone of the goals of the Townshend Acts? higher taxesgreater colonial unitygreater British control over the coloniesreduced power of the colonial governments", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9892}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26250", "question_text": "LO10.1Felipe\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Restaurant and Pie Shop needs help defining the costs for his business. He also wants to know which costs are relevant or irrelevant to his decision. Identify each cost as relevant or irrelevant. Then identify the type of cost (sunk, fixed, variable, or opportunity). CostRelevant or Irrelevant?Sunk, Fixed, Variable, or Opportunity?RentBaker wagesFelipe\u00e2\u0080\u0099s culinary school tuitionBerries for piesPainting dining area last yearFelipe\u00e2\u0080\u0099s decision not to attend graduate school", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.921}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21948", "question_text": "Which type of bias involves relying on a false stereotype to make a decision?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07420", "question_text": "The severity of a fall depends on your speed when you strike the ground. All factors but the acceleration from gravity being the same, how many times higher could a safe fall occur on the Moon than on Earth (gravitational acceleration on the Moon is about one-sixth that of the Earth)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7157}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13416", "question_text": "Determine the number of moles of compound and the number of moles of each type of atom in each of the following: (a) 25.0 g of propylene, C3H6 (b) 3.06\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00923g of the amino acid glycine, C2H5NO2 (c) 25 lb of the herbicide Treflan, C13H16N2O4F (1 lb = 454 g) (d) 0.125 kg of the insecticide Paris Green, Cu4(AsO3)2(CH3CO2)2 (e) 325 mg of aspirin, C6H4(CO2H)(CO2CH3)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7719}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26558", "question_text": "The nurse is reviewing the dietary recall of a client recently diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which of the following foods the client documented they ate frequently indicates the need for additional diet instruction?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06302", "question_text": "In the U.S. Senate, it is customary to assign each senator a seniority ranking based on years of government service and the population of the state he or she represents. A top ranking gives the senator priority for assignments to office space, committee chair positions, and seating on the senate floor. What type of authority does this example best illustrate?    A. Dictatorial   B. Traditional   C. Charismatic   D. Legal-rational", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22016", "question_text": "What makes a personal quality part of someone\u00e2\u0080\u0099s personality?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02307", "question_text": "15x^{2} - x - 2 = 0", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04634", "question_text": "Two children push on opposite sides of a door during play. Both push horizontally and perpendicular to the door. One child pushes with a force of 17.5 N at a distance of 0.600 m from the hinges, and the second child pushes at a distance of 0.450 m. What force must the second child exert to keep the door from moving? Assume friction is negligible.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17000", "question_text": "How does activity on the Sun affect human technology on Earth and in the rest of the solar system?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9042}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16669", "question_text": "Is it possible to escape the force of gravity by going into orbit around Earth? How does the force of gravity in the International Space Station (orbiting an average of 400 km above Earth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s surface) compare with that on the ground?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9756}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13585", "question_text": "Explain how the heat measured inExample 5.5differs from the enthalpy change for the exothermic reaction described by the following equation:HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8717}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19940", "question_text": "Identify and describe the use of the four deployment models used in cloud-based computing.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18691", "question_text": "Identify any graphs and/or multigraphs that are not Eulerian. If there are none, state so.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9651}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25987", "question_text": "LO14.2The following data was reported by Saturday Corporation: Authorized shares: 30,000Issued shares: 25,000Treasury shares: 5,000 How many shares are outstanding?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23431", "question_text": "Describe a situation in which a choice you made was influenced by societal pressures.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22499", "question_text": "In elementary schools, children receive instruction that is increasingly focused on ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04641", "question_text": "An athlete is attempting to perform splits. From the information given in [Figure 9.34](9-problems-exercises#import-auto-id3517398) , calculate the magnitude and direction of the force exerted on each foot by the floor. Figure 9.34 An athlete performs full split. The center of gravity and the various distances from it are shown.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17727", "question_text": "Find the percentage of sums between 1.5 standard deviations below the mean of the sums and one standard deviation above the mean of the sums.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01637", "question_text": "34.6 - 100", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.462}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18744", "question_text": "A relation that passes the horizontal and vertical line tests is a one-to-one function.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8269}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15342", "question_text": "A pure red object on a black background seems to disappear when illuminated with pure green light. Explain why.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9735}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26602", "question_text": "When teaching a client about healthy snack choices for their child to promote heart health, which snack choice would be the most appropriate?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6055}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10499", "question_text": "What was the significance of the Petticoat affair?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5656}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04594", "question_text": "The awe-inspiring Great Pyramid of Cheops was built more than 4500 years ago. Its square base, originally 230 m on a side, covered 13.1 acres, and it was 146 m high, with a mass of about 7 \\times 10^{9}\\ \\text{kg} . (The pyramid\u2019s dimensions are slightly different today due to quarrying and some sagging.) Historians estimate that 20,000 workers spent 20 years to construct it, working 12-hour days, 330 days per year. (a) Calculate the gravitational potential energy stored in the pyramid, given its center of mass is at one- fourth its height. (b) Only a fraction of the workers lifted blocks; most were involved in support services such as building ramps (see [Figure 7.42](7-problems-exercises#import-auto-id1499612) ), bringing food and water, and hauling blocks to the site. Calculate the efficiency of the workers who did the lifting, assuming there were 1000 of them and they consumed food energy at the rate of 300 kcal/h. What does your answer imply about how much of their work went into block-lifting, versus how much work went into friction and lifting and lowering their own bodies? (c) Calculate the mass of food that had to be supplied each day, assuming that the average worker required 3600 kcal per day and that their diet was 5% protein, 60% carbohydrate, and 35% fat. (These proportions neglect the mass of bulk and nondigestible materials consumed.)  Figure 7.42 Ancient pyramids were probably constructed using ramps as simple machines. (credit: Franck Monnier, Wikimedia Commons)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9223}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10715", "question_text": "Describe the differences in the four protein structures.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23697", "question_text": "Which of the following factors can affect the pay gap?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9705}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21481", "question_text": "Plato\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ideal system of government is rule by __________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9898}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22010", "question_text": "What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation? Provide examples of each.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9898}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06472", "question_text": "What is the purpose of the intellectual property right we call a trademark?    A. To protect the inventions of businesses.   B. To indicate the origin of goods or services.   C. To reward businesses for their creative works.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9527}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11504", "question_text": "What type of meristem is found only in monocots, such as lawn grasses? Explain how this type of meristematic tissue is beneficial in lawn grasses that are mowed each week.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5155}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00987", "question_text": "Write as a whole number using digits: two hundred five thousand, six hundred seventeen.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11124", "question_text": "A protein signature is:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9927}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09944", "question_text": "27 = q + 19", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4519}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24419", "question_text": "Historians often mine the arts for clues to the social, cultural, political, and intellectual shifts that characterized a given era. How do the many works of visual art, literature, and social philosophy that emerged from this period reflect the massive changes that were taking place? How were Americans\u00e2\u0080\u0094both those who created these works and those who read or viewed them\u00e2\u0080\u0094struggling to understand the new reality through art, literature, and scholarship?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08813", "question_text": "There are many naturally occurring microbes that have the ability to degrade several of the compounds found in oil.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4714}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19951", "question_text": "Describe the parts of a cost factor that might be used to determine if migrating to the cloud is cost effective.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18728", "question_text": "A fence has dimensions of 40 in by 25 in. Calculate the ratio of the sides rounded to the nearest tenth and determine if the size approximates a golden rectangle.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01788", "question_text": "Evaluate the determinant by expanding by minors:   \\left| \\begin{array}{rccrccr} 3 & & & -2 & & & -2 \\\\\\ 2 & & & -1 & & & 4 \\\\\\ -1 & & & 0 & & & -3 \\end{array} \\right|.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9677}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18883", "question_text": "Find the volume of the catenoidy=cosh(x)y=cosh(x)fromx=\u00e2\u0088\u00921tox=1x=\u00e2\u0088\u00921tox=1that is created by rotating this curve around thex-axis,x-axis,as shown here.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26383", "question_text": "Find the probability thatxfalls in the shaded area. Figure5.34", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9707}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07701", "question_text": "Assume that the force of a bow on an arrow behaves like the spring force. In aiming the arrow, an archer pulls the bow back 50 cm and holds it in position with a force of 150\\ \\text{N} . If the mass of the arrow is 50\\ \\text{g} and the \u201cspring\u201d is massless, what is the speed of the arrow immediately after it leaves the bow?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12515", "question_text": "Which submodality of taste is sensitive to the pH of saliva?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07474", "question_text": "The 18th hole at Pebble Beach Golf Course is a dogleg to the left of length 496.0 m. The fairway off the tee is taken to be the _x_ direction. A golfer hits his tee shot a distance of 300.0 m, corresponding to a displacement \\text{\u0394}\\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{r}}_{1} = 300.0\\ \\text{m}\\mathbf{\\hat{i}}, and hits his second shot 189.0 m with a displacement \\text{\u0394}\\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{r}}_{2} = 172.0\\ \\text{m}\\mathbf{\\hat{i}} + 80.3\\ \\text{m}\\mathbf{\\hat{j}}. What is the final displacement of the golf ball from where it started?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7007}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25134", "question_text": "Patents ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9063}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15059", "question_text": "One method of converting heat transfer into doing work is for heat transfer into a gas to take place, which expands, doing work on a piston, as shown in the figure below. (a) Is the heat transfer converted directly to work in an isobaric process, or does it go through another form first? Explain your answer. (b) What about in an isothermal process? (c) What about in an adiabatic process (where heat transfer occurred prior to the adiabatic process)? Figure15.39", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5342}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14397", "question_text": "Calculate the Fe3+equilibrium concentration when 0.0888 mole of K3[Fe(CN)6] is added to a solution with 0.00010MCN\u00e2\u0080\u0093.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05517", "question_text": "Integrated Concepts One scheme to put nuclear weapons to nonmilitary use is to explode them underground in a geologically stable region and extract the geothermal energy for electricity production. There was a total yield of about 4,000 MT in the combined arsenals in \u0816. If 1.00 MT per day could be converted to electricity with an efficiency of 10.0%: (a) What would the average electrical power output be? (b) How many years would the arsenal last at this rate?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8819}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01648", "question_text": "9u + 32 = 15\\left( {u - 4} \\right) - 3\\left( {2u + 21} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4529}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07374", "question_text": "What is wrong with the following expressions? How can you correct them? (a) C = \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{A}\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} , (b) \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{C}} = \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{A}\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} , (c) C = \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{A}}\\ \\times \\ \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} , (d) C = A\\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} , (e) C + 2\\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{A}} = B , (f) \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{C}} = A\\ \\times \\ \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} , (g) \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{A}} \\cdot \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} = \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{A}}\\ \\times \\ \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} , (h) \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{C}} = 2\\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{A}} \\cdot \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} , (i) C = {\\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{A}}\\text{/}\\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}}} , and (j) C = {\\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{A}}\\text{/}B} .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9846}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20911", "question_text": "How do tight and loose monetary policy affect interest rates?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8666}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03459", "question_text": "Boric acid, H 3 BO 3 , is not a Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry acid but a Lewis acid. (Hint: See the equation in [Exercise 15.76](15-exercises#fs-idm105219776) ) (a) Write an equation for its reaction with water. (b) Predict the shape of the anion thus formed. (c) What is the hybridization on the boron, and is it consistent with the shape you have predicted?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9838}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21588", "question_text": "An electoral system in which seats are awarded based on the percentage of the vote that each party wins is called a __________ system.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5771}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02180", "question_text": "64x^{2} - 9y^{2} = 576", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7925}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25352", "question_text": "What are the advantages of using a lean model canvas compared to the traditional business model canvas?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9917}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14188", "question_text": "When equal molar amounts of HCl and HOCl are dissolved separately in equal amounts of water, the solution of HCl freezes at a lower temperature. Which compound has the larger equilibrium constant for acid ionization? (a) HCl (b) H++ Cl\u00e2\u0080\u0093 (c) HOCl (d) H++ OCl\u00e2\u0080\u0093", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8774}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13652", "question_text": "Using the Bohr model, determine the energy in joules of the photon produced when an electron in a Li2+ion moves from the orbit withn= 2 to the orbit withn= 1.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17310", "question_text": "Describe the observations that convinced astronomers that M87 is an active galaxy.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10036", "question_text": "\\frac{8 \\cdot 4 - 5^{2}}{3 \\cdot 12}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5689}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15586", "question_text": "In what sense does Einstein\u00e2\u0080\u0099s theory of relativity illustrate that physics describes fundamental aspects of our universe?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15155", "question_text": "How does the polar character of water molecules help to explain water\u00e2\u0080\u0099s relatively large dielectric constant? (Figure 19.18)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9318}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04982", "question_text": "Unreasonable Results (a) Find the voltage near a 10.0 cm diameter metal sphere that has 8.00 C of excess positive charge on it. (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are responsible?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9873}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18669", "question_text": "List the set of vertices for each component in Graph 13.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05895", "question_text": "What is the de Broglie wavelength of a proton whose kinetic energy is 2.0 MeV? 10.0 MeV?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8253}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02013", "question_text": "\\sqrt{48x^{5}} - \\sqrt{75x^{5}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6112}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17609", "question_text": "In this distribution, outcomes are equally likely. What does this mean?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18228", "question_text": "The moon is3.844\u00c3\u0097108m from Earth. A dollar bill has a thickness of1.0922\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00924m. If dollar bills could be stacked perfectly, how many would it take to reach the moon?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9961}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05145", "question_text": "Referring to [Figure 23.54](23-problems-exercises#import-auto-id1169736838607) (a), what is the direction of the current induced in coil 2: (a) If the current in coil 1 increases? (b) If the current in coil 1 decreases? (c) If the current in coil 1 is constant? Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the [Problem-Solving Strategy for Lenz's Law](23-2-faradays-law-of-induction- lenzs-law) .  Figure 23.54 (a) The coils lie in the same plane. (b) The wire is in the plane of the coil", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5647}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22720", "question_text": "What is the name of the period in which parents are guiding their children from being dependent on the parents to being independent young adults?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6269}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13354", "question_text": "Convert the temperature of the coldest area in a freezer, \u00e2\u0088\u009210 \u00c2\u00b0F, to degrees Celsius and kelvin.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03297", "question_text": "The rate constant for the first-order decomposition at 45 \u00b0C of dinitrogen pentoxide, N 2 O 5 , dissolved in chloroform, CHCl 3 , is 6.2 \\times 10 \u22124 min \u22121 .   \\text{2N}_{2}\\text{O}_{5}\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{4NO}_{2} + \\text{O}_{2} What is the rate of the reaction when [N 2 O 5 ] = 0.40 _M_ ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9148}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06420", "question_text": "Congress and the courts have interpreted the terms \u201cauthors\u201d and \u201cwritings\u201d very broadly to include which of the following as eligible for copyright? (Choose all that apply)    A. Graphic works.   B. Novel, non-obvious and useful inventions.   C. Architectural works.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9938}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03741", "question_text": "f(x) = \\text{tan}^{-1}\\left( {2x} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13161", "question_text": "In a cross between a homozygous red-eyed female fruit fly and a white-eyed male fruit fly, what is the expected outcome?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01213", "question_text": "\\left\\\\{ \\begin{array}{l} {x - y > -2} \\\\\\ {y \\leq 3x + 1} \\end{array} \\right.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03877", "question_text": "[Table 15.9](15-self-check-questions#ch14mod04_tab11) shows the share of income going to each quintile of the income distribution for the United Kingdom in 1979 and \u0807. Use this data to calculate what the points on a Lorenz curve would be, and sketch the Lorenz curve. How did inequality in the United Kingdom shift over this time period? How can you see the patterns in the quintiles in the Lorenz curves?  Share of Income | 1979 | 1991   ---|---|---   Top quintile | 39.7% | 42.9%   Fourth quintile | 24.8% | 22.7%   Middle quintile | 17.0% | 16.3%   Second quintile | 11.5% | 11.5%   Bottom quintile | 7.0% | 6.6%   Table 15.9 Income Distribution in the United Kingdom, 1979 and 1991", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02674", "question_text": "A factory has a cost of production C(x) = 150x + 15\\text{,}000 and a revenue function R(x) = 200x. What is the break-even point?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.891}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10914", "question_text": "Many of the negative regulator proteins of the cell cycle were discovered in what type of cells?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5344}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01793", "question_text": "\\left( {8m^{2} + 12m - 5} \\right) - \\left( {2m^{2} - 7m - 1} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8591}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06775", "question_text": "Two fixed particles, each of charge 5.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{-6}\\ \\text{C}, are 24 cm apart. What force do they exert on a third particle of charge -2.5\\ \\times \\ 10^{-6}\\ \\text{C} that is 13 cm from each of them?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9776}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08371", "question_text": "Without looking at [Table 6.7](6-3-tracking-real-gdp-over-time) , return to [Figure 6.10](6-3-tracking-real-gdp-over-time) . If we define a recession as a significant decline in national output, can you identify any post-1960 recessions in addition to the 2008-2009 recession? (This requires a judgment call.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02151", "question_text": "x = y^{2} + 4y + 5", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.479}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19044", "question_text": "The curvature of a circle of radiusrris constant everywhere. Furthermore, the curvature is equal to1/r.1/r.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.523}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08063", "question_text": "Near the top of the Citigroup Center building in New York City, there is an object with mass of 4.00\\ \\times \\ 10^{5}\\ \\text{kg} on springs that have adjustable force constants. Its function is to dampen wind-driven oscillations of the building by oscillating at the same frequency as the building is being driven\u2014the driving force is transferred to the object, which oscillates instead of the entire building. (a) What effective force constant should the springs have to make the object oscillate with a period of 2.00 s? (b) What energy is stored in the springs for a 2.00-m displacement from equilibrium?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20533", "question_text": "What factors can explain the relatively small effect of low-skilled immigration on the wages of low-skilled workers?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07145", "question_text": "A copper ring and a wooden ring of the same dimensions are placed in magnetic fields so that there is the same change in magnetic flux through them. Compare the induced electric fields and currents in the rings.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10941", "question_text": "What structure is most important in forming the tetrads?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5131}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02432", "question_text": "f(x) = {(x - 2)}^{2},\\mspace{9mu} x \\geq 2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.82}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07123", "question_text": "If a current is 2.0 A, how many turns per centimeter must be wound on a solenoid in order to produce a magnetic field of 2.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{-3}\\text{T} within it?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23832", "question_text": "The Arab Spring, Occupy Wall Street protests, and the Tea Party movement have the following in common:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9283}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14034", "question_text": "Calculate the mole fraction of each solute and solvent: (a) 583 g of H2SO4in 1.50 kg of water\u00e2\u0080\u0094the acid solution used in an automobile battery (b) 0.86 g of NaCl in 1.00\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u0097102g of water\u00e2\u0080\u0094a solution of sodium chloride for intravenous injection (c) 46.85 g of codeine, C18H21NO3, in 125.5 g of ethanol, C2H5OH (d) 25 g of I2in 125 g of ethanol, C2H5OH", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9961}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04173", "question_text": "[LO 5.1](5-1-describe-and-prepare-closing-entries-for-a-business) What is the purpose of the closing entries?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9568}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14776", "question_text": "(a) Explain how you can use the graph of position versus time inFigure 2.52to describe the change in velocity over time. Identify (b) the time (tata,tbtb,tctc,tdtd, ortete) at which the instantaneous velocity is greatest, (c) the time at which it is zero, and (d) the time at which it is negative. Figure2.52", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9767}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10018", "question_text": "Find three fractions equivalent to - \\frac{4}{3}. Show your work, using figures or algebra.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09818", "question_text": "Hiring a worker as an independent contractor saves an employer about 30 percent of the cost of an employee in benefits. Identify one or two of these benefits.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8478}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19109", "question_text": "The area of region enclosed by one petal ofr=cos(4\u00ce\u00b8).r=cos(4\u00ce\u00b8).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6574}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02080", "question_text": "f(x) = 3x + 7 and   g(x) = \\frac{x - 7}{3}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6682}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03653", "question_text": "Which of the following nuclei is most likely to decay by positron emission? Explain your choice. (a) chromium-53 (b) manganese-51 (c) iron-59", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6499}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13624", "question_text": "How much heat is produced when 1.25 g of chromium metal reacts with oxygen gas under standard conditions?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8094}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06319", "question_text": "All of the following are characteristics of global cities, _except_ :    A. headquarter multinational corporations   B. exercise significant international political influence   C. host headquarters of international NGOs   D. host influential philosophers", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9359}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15272", "question_text": "Explain why magnetic damping might not be effective on an object made of several thin conducting layers separated by insulation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6484}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23663", "question_text": "Scapegoat theory shows that:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9053}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16777", "question_text": "Why is it difficult to observe at infrared wavelengths? What do astronomers do to address this difficulty?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5068}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21815", "question_text": "Our ability to make our legs move as we walk across the room is controlled by the ________ nervous system.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9207}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07919", "question_text": "As an oil well is drilled, each new section of drill pipe supports its own weight and the weight of the pipe and the drill bit beneath it. Calculate the stretch in a new 6.00-m-long steel pipe that supports a 100-kg drill bit and a 3.00-km length of pipe with a linear mass density of 20.0 kg/m. Treat the pipe as a solid cylinder with a 5.00-cm diameter.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17401", "question_text": "The first 50 people who walk into a sporting event are polled on their television preferences.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9517}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12567", "question_text": "Which of the following could be elements of cytoarchitecture, as related to Brodmann\u00e2\u0080\u0099s microscopic studies of the cerebral cortex?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23798", "question_text": "Functionalist theory sees education as serving the needs of _________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06315", "question_text": "Which is an economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and customs charges?    A. Capitalism    B. Communism   C. Mercantilism   D. Mutualism", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9655}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15470", "question_text": "Radioactivity depends on the nucleus and not the atom or its chemical state. Why, then, is one kilogram of uranium more radioactive than one kilogram of uranium hexafluoride?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6794}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08315", "question_text": "How did presidents who served in the decades directly after Washington expand the powers of the presidency?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9321}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25117", "question_text": "Using the information on the steps for an entrepreneurial journey, give your own example with connections to this section\u00e2\u0080\u0099s main concepts.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14937", "question_text": "An astronaut tightens a bolt on a satellite in orbit. He rotates in a direction opposite to that of the bolt, and the satellite rotates in the same direction as the bolt. Explain why. If a handhold is available on the satellite, can this counter-rotation be prevented? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8318}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23738", "question_text": "What is your relationship to aging and to time? Look back on your own life. How much and in what ways did you change in ten years and in twenty years? Does a decade seem like a long time or a short time in a life span? Now apply some of your ideas to the idea of aging. Do you think older people share similar experiences as they age?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8761}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13177", "question_text": "What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9595}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24540", "question_text": "The United States Senator who led the noninterventionists in Congress and called for neutrality legislation in the 1930s was ________. Gerald P. NyeRobert WagnerGeorge C. MarshallNeville Chamberlain", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9904}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22495", "question_text": "In middle childhood experts recommend that youngsters consume no more than ________ hours of television per day.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8246}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13680", "question_text": "In one area of Australia, the cattle did not thrive despite the presence of suitable forage. An investigation showed the cause to be the absence of sufficient cobalt in the soil. Cobalt forms cations in two oxidation states, Co2+and Co3+. Write the electron structure of the two cations.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6703}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25867", "question_text": "LO9.1A beverage wholesale outlet sells beverages by the case. On April 13, a customer purchased 18 cases of wine at $42 per case, 20 cases of soda at $29 per case, and 45 cases of water at $17 per case. The customer pays with a Merill credit card. Merill charges a usage fee to the company of 5% of the total sale. What is the sales entry for this purchase?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9501}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15416", "question_text": "Can a single microwave photon cause cell damage? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9001}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11389", "question_text": "An animal whose development is marked by radial cleavage and enterocoely is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9935}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20841", "question_text": "From a Keynesian point of view, which is more likely to cause a recession: aggregate demand or aggregate supply, and why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.727}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13152", "question_text": "Explain the advantage that populations of sexually reproducing organisms have over asexually reproducing organisms?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6038}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25575", "question_text": "What is the difference between gross profit and net income?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9523}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17646", "question_text": "What is the cumulative distribution function?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8866}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26604", "question_text": "Which factor can influence teenagers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 nutritional intake but may not have as strong an influence in other age groups?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06750", "question_text": "Does the uncharged conductor shown below experience a net electric force?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13477", "question_text": "A novel process for obtaining magnesium from sea water involves several reactions. Write a balanced chemical equation for each step of the process. (a) The first step is the decomposition of solid calcium carbonate from seashells to form solid calcium oxide and gaseous carbon dioxide. (b) The second step is the formation of solid calcium hydroxide as the only product from the reaction of the solid calcium oxide with liquid water. (c) Solid calcium hydroxide is then added to the seawater, reacting with dissolved magnesium chloride to yield solid magnesium hydroxide and aqueous calcium chloride. (d) The solid magnesium hydroxide is added to a hydrochloric acid solution, producing dissolved magnesium chloride and liquid water. (e) Finally, the magnesium chloride is melted and electrolyzed to yield liquid magnesium metal and diatomic chlorine gas.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19980", "question_text": "Which statement best distinguishes between stakeholders and teams in the project management domains?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9277}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11986", "question_text": "Describe freshwater, ocean, and terrestrial ecosystems.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26697", "question_text": "The nurse understands that a particular regulatory agency is responsible for ensuring that drugs are safe and effective. What is its name?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.674}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12482", "question_text": "The conscious perception of pain is often delayed because of the time it takes for the sensations to reach the cerebral cortex. Why would this be the case based on propagation of the axon potential?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23502", "question_text": "Is Gerhard Lenski right in classifying societies based on technological advances? What other criteria might be appropriate, based on what you have read?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9824}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09144", "question_text": "T-independent antigens can stimulate B cells to become activated and secrete antibodies without assistance from helper T cells. These antigens possess ________ antigenic epitopes that cross-link BCRs.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10070", "question_text": "\\frac{9^{2} - 4^{2}}{9 - 4}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6687}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24117", "question_text": "Which of the following doesnotdescribe a form of slavery traditionally practiced in Africa? a system in which those in need of supplies or protection give themselves in servitudea system in which debtors repay those whom they owe by giving themselves in servitudea system in which people are treated as chattel\u00e2\u0080\u0094that is, as personal property to be bought and solda system in which people are enslaved permanently on account of their race", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9109}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09942", "question_text": "h - 15 = 27", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7378}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25579", "question_text": "Ted\u00e2\u0080\u0099s firm reported net income for the current period of $65,750. Is it safe to assume that because Ted\u00e2\u0080\u0099s firm reported such a large net income, it has plenty of cash to fund its operations? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02262", "question_text": "4h^{2} - 12hk + 9k^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9137}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18186", "question_text": "It is 4:00. What time will it be in 100 hours?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7939}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11471", "question_text": "What characteristics differentiate lizards and snakes?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21016", "question_text": "Is inflation likely to be a problem for at least some low- and middle-income economies in the near future?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9682}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03967", "question_text": "Suppose concerns about the size of the federal budget deficit lead the U.S. Congress to cut all funding for research and development for ten years. Assuming this has an impact on technology growth, what does the AD/AS model predict would be the likely effect on equilibrium GDP and the price level?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8388}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22260", "question_text": "Explain the meanings of key variables in lifespan development research, such as gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnoracial identity. How do these variables influence research findings? Provide examples from the text to illustrate how each variable is defined and its impact on research outcomes.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5796}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03599", "question_text": "Sketch the structures of the following complexes. Indicate any _cis_ , _trans_ , and optical isomers. (a) [Pt(H 2 O) 2 Br 2 ] (square planar) (b) [Pt(NH 3 )(py)(Cl)(Br)] (square planar, py = pyridine, C 5 H 5 N) (c) [Zn(NH 3 ) 3 Cl] + (tetrahedral)(d) [Pt(NH 3 ) 3 Cl] + (square planar)(e) [Ni(H 2 O) 4 Cl 2 ] (f) [Co(C 2 O 4 ) 2 Cl 2 ] 3\u2212 (note that \\text{C}_{2}\\text{O}_{4}{}^{2-} is the bidentate oxalate ion, - \\text{O}_{2}\\text{CCO}_{2}{}^{\\text{\u2212}})", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9633}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06392", "question_text": "In a \u201cfirst office action,\u201d the examiner usually does which of the following?    A. Allows all the claims in the patent application.   B. Rejects some claims and/or requests further information.   C. Rejects the entire application.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9784}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13593", "question_text": "How much heat is produced when 100 mL of 0.250 M HCl (density, 1.00 g/mL) and 200 mL of 0.150 M NaOH (density, 1.00 g/mL) are mixed?HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)\u00ce\u0094H\u00c2\u00b0=\u00e2\u0088\u009258kJHCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)\u00ce\u0094H\u00c2\u00b0=\u00e2\u0088\u009258kJ If both solutions are at the same temperature and the specific heat of the products is 4.19 J/g \u00c2\u00b0C, how much will the temperature increase? What assumption did you make in your calculation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9381}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07526", "question_text": "Two teenagers are pulling on ropes attached to a tree. The angle between the ropes is 30.0\\text{\u00b0} . David pulls with a force of 400.0 N and Stephanie pulls with a force of 300.0 N. (a) Find the component form of the net force. (b) Find the magnitude of the resultant (net) force on the tree and the angle it makes with David\u2019s rope.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14009", "question_text": "Indicate the most important types of intermolecular attractions in each of the following solutions: (a) The solution inFigure 11.2. (b) NO(l) in CO(l) (c) Cl2(g) in Br2(l) (d) HCl(g) in benzene C6H6(l) (e) Methanol CH3OH(l) in H2O(l)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9509}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14812", "question_text": "If a constant, nonzero force is applied to an object, what can you say about the velocity and acceleration of the object?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9516}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25322", "question_text": "Discuss how minorities and women can use resources and strategies to deal with their additional challenges as entrepreneurs.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5474}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09523", "question_text": "[LO 6.2](6-2-describe-and-identify-cost-drivers) Which is _not_ a step in analyzing the cost driver for manufacturing overhead?    A. identify the cost   B. identify non-value-added costs   C. analyze the effect on manufacturing overhead   D. identify the correlation between the potential driver and manufacturing overhead", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21382", "question_text": "Which of the following isnotone of the three forms of county government? the commission systemthe council-elected executive systemthe mayor-council systemthe council-administrator system", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23060", "question_text": "Food with an umami flavor likely contains which essential nutrient?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04467", "question_text": "A projectile is launched at ground level with an initial speed of 50.0 m/s at an angle of 30.0\u00ba above the horizontal. It strikes a target above the ground 3.00 seconds later. What are the x and y distances from where the projectile was launched to where it lands?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9837}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09851", "question_text": "True or false? The design of corporate campuses is meant to enhance opportunities for employees to collaborate.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8814}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20322", "question_text": "How do we calculate marginal product?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26366", "question_text": "QQandRRare independent events.P(Q)=0.4P(Q)=0.4andP(Q\u00e2\u0088\u00a9R)=0.1.P(Q\u00e2\u0088\u00a9R)=0.1.FindP(R).P(R).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10025", "question_text": "\\frac{16}{5} \\cdot \\frac{15}{8}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8055}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04959", "question_text": "Two point charges are brought closer together, increasing the force between them by a factor of Y. By what factor was their separation decreased?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8442}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08302", "question_text": "In what ways are lobbyists regulated?    A. Certain activities are prohibited.   B. Contributions must be disclosed.   C. Lobbying is prohibited immediately after leaving office.   D. all the above", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8157}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11793", "question_text": "Some animals use diffusion instead of a circulatory system. Examples include:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9701}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14536", "question_text": "Write a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules and ions: (a) (CH3)3SiH (b)SiO44\u00e2\u0088\u0092SiO44\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (c) Si2H6 (d) Si(OH)4 (e)SiF62\u00e2\u0088\u0092SiF62\u00e2\u0088\u0092", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18398", "question_text": "Which investment offers high rates of return with reduced risk?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6252}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24746", "question_text": "Offer and explain a skeptical hypothesis.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18178", "question_text": "Identify the property of real numbers illustrated here:87.4+0=87.4.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14252", "question_text": "Explain why the neutralization reaction of a strong acid and a weak base gives a weakly acidic solution.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.98}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07735", "question_text": "Momentum for a system can be conserved in one direction while not being conserved in another. What is the angle between the directions? Give an example.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8156}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02856", "question_text": "Write the symbol for each of the following ions: (a) the ion with a 1+ charge, atomic number 55, and mass number 133 (b) the ion with 54 electrons, 53 protons, and 74 neutrons (c) the ion with atomic number 15, mass number 31, and a 3\u2212 charge (d) the ion with 24 electrons, 30 neutrons, and a 3+ charge", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9211}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09228", "question_text": "The ________ is the part of the eye that is damaged due to _Acanthamoeba_ keratitis.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9678}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04153", "question_text": "[LO 4.4](4-4-use-the-ledger-balances-to-prepare-an-adjusted-trial-balance) Which of the following accounts\u2019 balance would be a different number on the Balance Sheet than it is on the adjusted trial balance?    A. accumulated depreciation   B. unearned service revenue   C. retained earnings   D. dividends", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9708}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16800", "question_text": "What changed in our understanding of the Moon and Moon-Earth system as a result of humans landing on the Moon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s surface?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8298}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08529", "question_text": "All of the following are methods to enforce an arbitrator\u2019s decision except:    A. Writs of Execution.   B. Garnishment.   C. Fines.   D. Liens.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8315}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20560", "question_text": "How has the inequality of income changed in the U.S. economy since the late 1970s?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.88}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00760", "question_text": "The plane that passes through points \\left( {0,1,5} \\right),\\left( {2,-1,6} \\right),\\ \\text{and}\\ \\left( {3,2,5} \\right).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7648}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16944", "question_text": "Why is it unlikely that humans will be traveling to Io? (Hint: Review the information about Jupiter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s magnetosphere inThe Giant Planets.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6646}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25752", "question_text": "LO3.6Analyze Trusty Company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s trial balance and the additional information provided to determine the following: what is causing the trial balance to be out of balanceany other errors that require corrections that are identified during your analysisthe effect (if any) that correcting the errors will have on the accounting equation A review of transactions revealed the following facts: A service fee of $18,000 was earned (but not yet collected) by the end of the period but was accidentally not recorded as revenue at that time.A transposition error occurred when transferring the account balances from the ledger to the trial balance. Salaries expense should have been listed on the trial balance as $64,500 but was inadvertently recorded as $46,500.Two machines that cost $9,000 each were purchased on account but were not recorded in company accounting records.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20420", "question_text": "What stops oligopolists from acting together as a monopolist and earning the highest possible level of profits?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.881}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02083", "question_text": "f(x) = 4^{x}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8552}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24783", "question_text": "According to Sibley, how do people justify aesthetic judgments?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9452}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17274", "question_text": "The dwarf galaxy in Sagittarius is the one closest to the Milky Way, yet it was discovered only in 1994. Can you think of a reason it was not discovered earlier? (Hint: Think about what else is in its constellation.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6055}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26270", "question_text": "LO11.2What are one advantage and one disadvantage of the payback method?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9762}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10476", "question_text": "What defined republicanism as a social philosophy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8188}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13061", "question_text": "What would happen if the trophoblast did not secrete hCG upon implantation of the blastocyst?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9089}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14543", "question_text": "Write a formula for each of the following compounds: (a) silicon dioxide (b) silicon tetraiodide (c) silane (d) silicon carbide (e) magnesium silicide", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18998", "question_text": "r=5cos(5\u00ce\u00b8)r=5cos(5\u00ce\u00b8)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9824}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01297", "question_text": "\\left( {- \\frac{2}{5}} \\right)^{3}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6451}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22354", "question_text": "What type of attachment is displayed by an infant who is indifferent to their caregiver\u00e2\u0080\u0099s leaving and returning?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08992", "question_text": "Ionizing radiation can penetrate surfaces, but nonionizing radiation cannot.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8401}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02621", "question_text": "\\frac{\\sin\\left( {2x} \\right)}{\\sin\\; x} - \\frac{\\cos\\left( {2x} \\right)}{\\cos\\; x} = \\sec\\; x", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9474}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26481", "question_text": "In a linear regression, why do we need to be concerned with the range of the independent (X) variable?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7493}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24039", "question_text": "What is the role of individuals\u00e2\u0080\u0099 families in your community before and after marriage?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11011", "question_text": "The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped confirm that DNA was the hereditary material on the basis of the finding that:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9816}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04635", "question_text": "Repeat the seesaw problem in [Example 9.1](9-2-the-second-condition-for- equilibrium) with the center of mass of the seesaw 0.160 m to the left of the pivot (on the side of the lighter child) and assuming a mass of 12.0 kg for the seesaw. The other data given in the example remain unchanged. Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem-Solving Strategy for static equilibrium.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9955}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19445", "question_text": "Why is code optimization sometimes specific to a given HLL?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09445", "question_text": "[LO 1.1](1-1-define-managerial-accounting-and-identify-the-three-primary- responsibilities-of-management) Carlita believes an important part of the planning process for managers is being sure to position the company to achieve its goals. She thinks that positioning is an extensive concept and can depend on the right information and that managerial accountants assist in positioning the company. Is she correct? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02375", "question_text": "Given f(x) = - 2x + 11, find f^{- 1}(x).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23130", "question_text": "Golgi tendon organs extend sinuous sensory fibers that intermingle with the ________ fibers making up muscle tendons. Thus, when muscles engage increasing ________, these sensory devices inform us of this (which can be considerably useful to unconscious appreciation of which limb currently holds our body weight during walking).", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12436", "question_text": "The vastus intermedius muscle is deep to which of the following muscles?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9907}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15745", "question_text": "True or False\u00e2\u0080\u0094Kinetic friction is less than the limiting static friction because once an object is moving, there are fewer points of contact, and the friction is reduced. For this reason, more force is needed to start moving an object than to keep it in motion.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.883}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16951", "question_text": "Describe the main differences between C-type and S-type asteroids.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00813", "question_text": "\\mathbf{\\text{F}}(x,y,z) = e^{x}\\mathbf{\\text{i}} + e^{xy}\\mathbf{\\text{j}} + e^{xyz}\\mathbf{\\text{k}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8852}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10637", "question_text": "During the 1976 election campaign, Jimmy Carter famously promised ________.    A. that he would never start a war   B. that he would never be unfaithful to his wife   C. that he had never smoked marijuana   D. that he would never lie", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03649", "question_text": "The mass of the atom \\mspace{9mu}_{9}^{19}\\text{F} is 18.99840 amu.(a) Calculate its binding energy per atom in millions of electron volts. (b) Calculate its binding energy per nucleon.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07144", "question_text": "A stationary coil is in a magnetic field that is changing with time. Does the emf induced in the coil depend on the actual values of the magnetic field?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24225", "question_text": "Which of the following isnotone of the rights the Bill of Rights guarantees? the right to freedom of speechthe right to an educationthe right to bear armsthe right to a trial by jury", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16935", "question_text": "Describe and compare the rings of Saturn and Uranus, including their possible origins.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10075", "question_text": "y + \\frac{3}{5} = \\frac{7}{5}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4454}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25598", "question_text": "Briefly describe the relationship among consumer savings, purchasing power, and inflation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17051", "question_text": "If the star Sirius emits 23 times more energy than the Sun, why does the Sun appear brighter in the sky?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9659}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07258", "question_text": "A 20-mH inductor is connected across an AC source with a variable frequency and a constant-voltage amplitude of 9.0 V. (a) Determine the reactance of the circuit and the maximum current through the inductor when the frequency is set at 20 kHz. (b) Do the same calculations for a frequency of 60 Hz.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12824", "question_text": "Oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9075}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19030", "question_text": "9x2+4y2\u00e2\u0088\u009216y+36z2=209x2+4y2\u00e2\u0088\u009216y+36z2=20", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3593}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15070", "question_text": "Can improved engineering and materials be employed in heat engines to reduce heat transfer into the environment? Can they eliminate heat transfer into the environment entirely?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23890", "question_text": "Which of the following isnotpart of the rights and responsibilities of a sick person under the functionalist perspective?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9593}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09000", "question_text": "If a chemical disinfectant is more effective than phenol, then its phenol coefficient would be ________ than 1.0.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9276}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11415", "question_text": "The rhynchocoel is a ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9224}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04978", "question_text": "Integrated Concepts Singly charged gas ions are accelerated from rest through a voltage of 13.0 V. At what temperature will the average kinetic energy of gas molecules be the same as that given these ions?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14386", "question_text": "Calculate[HgCl42\u00e2\u0088\u0092][HgCl42\u00e2\u0088\u0092]in a solution prepared by adding 0.0200 mol of NaCl to 0.250 L of a 0.100-MHgCl2solution.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21214", "question_text": "What characterizes those most likely to vote in the next election?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9887}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20268", "question_text": "Under what circumstances would a minimum wage be a nonbinding price floor? Under what circumstances would a living wage be a binding price floor?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13660", "question_text": "Identify the subshell in which electrons with the following quantum numbers are found: (a)n= 3,l= 2 (b)n= 1,l= 0 (c)n= 4,l= 3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26880", "question_text": "What are the components of cardiac output?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6416}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12886", "question_text": "Describe the three processes involved in the esophageal phase of deglutition.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07213", "question_text": "Suppose that a rectangular toroid has 2000 windings and a self-inductance of 0.040 H. If h = 0.10\\ \\text{m} , what is the current flowing through a rectangular toroid when the energy in its magnetic field is 2.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{-6}\\ \\text{J}?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01831", "question_text": "\\left( {\\frac{2}{3}m^{3}n^{6}} \\right)\\left( {\\frac{1}{6}m^{4}n^{4}} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9419}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18576", "question_text": "Are the two figures shown similar?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20806", "question_text": "What is potential GDP?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9713}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14698", "question_text": "For the following isotopes that have missing information, fill in the missing information to complete the notation (a)1434X1434X (b)X36PX36P (c)X57MnX57Mn (d)56121X56121X", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01822", "question_text": "\\left( {3y^{-4}} \\right)^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7618}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16839", "question_text": "If you wanted to live where the chances of a destructive earthquake were small, would you pick a location near a fault zone, near a mid ocean ridge, near a subduction zone, or on a volcanic island such as Hawaii? What are the relative risks of earthquakes at each of these locations?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8726}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08920", "question_text": "The formation of pyrimidine dimers results from which of the following?    A. spontaneous errors by DNA polymerase   B. exposure to gamma radiation   C. exposure to ultraviolet radiation   D. exposure to intercalating agents", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7441}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04385", "question_text": "[LO 16.1](16-1-explain-the-purpose-of-the-statement-of-cash-flows) Which of the following statements is false?    A. Noncash activities should be reported in accrual basis financial statements.   B. Net cash flow from operating activities relates to normal business operations.   C. Net income usually equals net cash flow from operating activities.   D. The statement of cash flows is an essential part of the basic financial statements.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9434}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22170", "question_text": "Although problem-focused coping seems to be a more effective strategy when dealing with stressors, do you think there are any kinds of stressful situations in which emotion-focused coping might be a better strategy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12953", "question_text": "Systemic blood pressure must stay above 60 so that the proper amount of filtration occurs.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9296}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12526", "question_text": "What type of reflex can protect the foot when a painful stimulus is sensed?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8841}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26513", "question_text": "The nurse is assessing a child with bowed legs. Which vitamin deficiency should the nurse anticipate is related to this disorder?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9043}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02695", "question_text": "\\begin{bmatrix} 12 & 9 & {- 6} \\\\\\ {- 1} & 3 & 2 \\\\\\ {- 4} & {- 3} & 2 \\end{bmatrix}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21575", "question_text": "What do adverse selection, moral hazard, and voter suppression have in common when it comes to elections?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01317", "question_text": "k^{2} - 16k + 60", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5324}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24680", "question_text": "What is the relational and communal character of Confucian ethics?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9841}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20890", "question_text": "The Bring it Home Feature discusses the use of cowrie shells as money. Although we no longer use cowrie shells as money, do you think other forms of commodity monies are possible? What role might technology play in our definition of money?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9014}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25309", "question_text": "What percentage of businesses last five years or more?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21023", "question_text": "Explain what will happen in a nation that tries to solve a structural unemployment problem using expansionary monetary and fiscal policy. Draw one AD/AS diagram, based on the Keynesian model, for what the nation hopes will happen. Then draw a second AD/AS diagram, based on the neoclassical model, for what is more likely to happen.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9532}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01304", "question_text": "\\left( {87x^{15}y^{3}z^{22}} \\right)^{0}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.728}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22104", "question_text": "Altruism is a form of prosocial behavior that is motivated by ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11351", "question_text": "Describe a minimum of two ways that plants changed the land environment to support the emergence of land animals.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6841}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03659", "question_text": "Technetium-99 is often used for assessing heart, liver, and lung damage because certain technetium compounds are absorbed by damaged tissues. It has a half-life of 6.0 h. Calculate the rate constant for the decay of {}_{43}^{99}\\text{Tc}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11631", "question_text": "Describe one or more scenarios where loss of hormonal regulation of digestion can lead to diseases.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9696}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16127", "question_text": "What is the relation between the amplitude of a wave and its speed?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6385}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01888", "question_text": "75u^{4} - 30u^{3}v + 3u^{2}v^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8942}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01332", "question_text": "25x^{2} + 30x + 9", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4491}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14788", "question_text": "If you take two steps of different sizes, can you end up at your starting point? More generally, can two vectors with different magnitudes ever add to zero? Can three or more?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8592}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06950", "question_text": "Can a wire carry a current and still be neutral\u2014that is, have a total charge of zero? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6367}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23857", "question_text": "Which of the following isnotan aspect of globalization?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16234", "question_text": "To compare the brightness of light bulbs for sale in a store, you should look on the labels to see how they are rated in terms of ____.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20871", "question_text": "If most people have rational expectations, how long will recessions last?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9873}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06668", "question_text": "Find the work done in the quasi-static processes shown below. The states are given as (p, V) values for the points in the pV plane: 1 (3 atm, 4 L), 2 (3 atm, 6 L), 3 (5 atm, 4 L), 4 (2 atm, 6 L), 5 (4 atm, 2 L), 6 (5 atm, 5 L), and 7 (2 atm, 5 L).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9887}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09791", "question_text": "A payment in some form (cash or noncash) for an act that runs counter to the legal or ethical culture of the work environment is called ________.    A. insider trading   B. bribery   C. illegal transaction   D. manipulation", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9873}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21856", "question_text": "________ is most effective in individuals that are very open to the power of suggestion.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8388}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13853", "question_text": "How would the graph inFigure 9.13change if the number of moles of gas in the sample used to determine the curve were doubled?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9939}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26139", "question_text": "LO5.1How would process costing exist in a service industry?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17865", "question_text": "When do you reject the null hypothesis?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9873}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18007", "question_text": "Draw the line of best fit on the scatter plot.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9933}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21832", "question_text": "Before the advent of modern imaging techniques, scientists and clinicians relied on autopsies of people who suffered brain injury with resultant change in behavior to determine how different areas of the brain were affected. What are some of the limitations associated with this kind of approach?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9946}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19591", "question_text": "Explain the difference between a Django project and a Django web application.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24370", "question_text": "Consider social, political, and economic equality. In what ways did Radical Reconstruction address and secure these forms of equality? Where did it fall short?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6928}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16895", "question_text": "Is it likely that life ever existed on either Venus or Mars? Justify your answer in each case.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25814", "question_text": "LO6.6The following is select account information for August Sundries. Sales: $850,360; Sales Returns and Allowances: $148,550; COGS: $300,840; Operating Expenses: $45,770; Sales Discounts: $231,820. If August Sundries uses a multi-step income statement format, what is their gross margin?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9723}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11191", "question_text": "List the different levels of the taxonomic classification system.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04900", "question_text": "Your ear is capable of differentiating sounds that arrive at the ear just 1.00 ms apart. What is the minimum distance between two speakers that produce sounds that arrive at noticeably different times on a day when the speed of sound is 340 m/s?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9689}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17620", "question_text": "What is the probability density function?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8755}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10893", "question_text": "A scientist notices that a cancer cell line shows high levels of phosphorylated ERK in the absence of EGF. What are two possible explanations for the increase in phosphorylated ERK? Be specific in which proteins are involved.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02626", "question_text": "Solve the triangle.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13352", "question_text": "Convert the boiling temperature of gold, 2966 \u00c2\u00b0C, into degrees Fahrenheit and kelvin.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11558", "question_text": "Why do some seeds undergo a period of dormancy, and how do they break dormancy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8269}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14831", "question_text": "The elastic properties of the arteries are essential for blood flow. Explain the importance of this in terms of the characteristics of the flow of blood (pulsating or continuous).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12350", "question_text": "Which region of the vertebral column has thegreatestrange of motion for axial rotation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04870", "question_text": "One type of BB gun uses a spring-driven plunger to blow the BB from its barrel. (a) Calculate the force constant of its plunger\u2019s spring if you must compress it 0.150 m to drive the 0.0500-kg plunger to a top speed of 20.0 m/s. (b) What force must be exerted to compress the spring?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17068", "question_text": "Suppose there are three stars in space, each moving at 100 km/s. Star A is moving across (i.e., perpendicular to) our line of sight, Star B is moving directly away from Earth, and Star C is moving away from Earth, but at a 30\u00c2\u00b0 angle to the line of sight. From which star will you observe the greatest Doppler shift? From which star will you observe the smallest Doppler shift?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9856}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20683", "question_text": "List some arguments for and against the likelihood of convergence.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9842}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17716", "question_text": "Find the probability thatonereview will take Yoonie from 3.5 to 4.25 hours. Sketch the graph, labeling and scaling the horizontal axis. Shade the region corresponding to the probability.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06288", "question_text": "Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include:    A. Scientology and the Hare Krishna   B. the Peoples Temple and Heaven\u2019s Gate   C. the Branch Davidians and the Manson Family   D. Quakers and Pentecostals", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10159", "question_text": "84 is \\text{35\\%} of what number?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9018}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12144", "question_text": "In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9672}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07239", "question_text": "Why are the primary and secondary coils of a transformer wrapped around the same closed loop of iron?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7175}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15778", "question_text": "A plane flies north at200m/swith a headwind blowing from the north at70m/s. What is the resultant velocity of the plane?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23631", "question_text": "Which social class do you and your family belong to? Are you in a different or same social class than your grandparents and great-grandparents? Why are you in the class you are? What changed? What stayed the same? Marriages? Acquisition of property? Education? Career changes? Reflect on your family\u00e2\u0080\u0099s journey within the classes.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05722", "question_text": "An experimenter detects 251 fringes when the movable mirror in a Michelson interferometer is displaced. The light source used is a sodium lamp, wavelength 589 nm. By what distance did the movable mirror move?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9612}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09165", "question_text": "Allergy shots work by shifting antibody responses to produce ________ antibodies.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8167}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25224", "question_text": "A graphic worksheet that sets forth the value proposition of any startup and allows you to identify stakeholders, and key inputs and outputs is the ________. business model generatorbusiness model canvasbusiness mobility canvasbusiness meditation and creativity matrix", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5741}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07668", "question_text": "(a) How long will it take an 850-kg car with a useful power output of 40.0 hp (1 hp equals 746 W) to reach a speed of 15.0 m/s, neglecting friction? (b) How long will this acceleration take if the car also climbs a 3.00-m high hill in the process?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8647}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22834", "question_text": "According to terror management theory, how do people react when they feel their sense of self is being threatened, such as by thoughts of their own death?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17949", "question_text": "\u00cf\u00872test statistic = ______", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9796}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18947", "question_text": "\u00e2\u0088\u0091n=1\u00e2\u0088\u009eln(n+1n)\u00e2\u0088\u0091n=1\u00e2\u0088\u009eln(n+1n)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9311}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11521", "question_text": "For an element to be regarded as essential, all of the following criteria must be met, except:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9897}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24645", "question_text": "What are five sources of evidence commonly used in philosophy? Which of these are empirical? Which do not require observation or experiment?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6933}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20896", "question_text": "Explain what will happen to the money multiplier process if there is an increase in the reserve requirement?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9034}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14499", "question_text": "For each pair of standard free energy change and electron stoichiometry values below, calculate a corresponding standard cell potential. (a) 12 kJ/mol, n = 3 (b) \u00e2\u0088\u009245 kJ/mol, n = 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14904", "question_text": "Explain the need for tall towers on a suspension bridge to ensure stable equilibrium.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7619}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16759", "question_text": "Go outside on a clear night, wait 15 minutes for your eyes to adjust to the dark, and look carefully at the brightest stars. Some should look slightly red and others slightly blue. The primary factor that determines the color of a star is its temperature. Which is hotter: a blue star or a red one? Explain", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6499}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11878", "question_text": "Which hormone signals ovulation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9943}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08162", "question_text": "(a) What is the speed of sound in a medium where a 100-kHz frequency produces a 5.96-cm wavelength? (b) Which substance in [Table 17.1](17-2-speed-of-sound) is this likely to be?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.889}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11899", "question_text": "Describe the stages of labor.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19760", "question_text": "You are tasked with maintaining the infrastructure to provide security for your organization\u00e2\u0080\u0099s information system. As part of this process, why would you rely on standard ISO/IEC 27001 for guidance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9525}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17008", "question_text": "How can the prominences, which are so big and \u00e2\u0080\u0098float\u00e2\u0080\u0099 in the corona, stay gravitationally attached to the Sun while flares can escape?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9306}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10279", "question_text": "8p + 7 = 47", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25976", "question_text": "LO13.3A company issued bonds with a $100,000 face value, a 5-year term, a stated rate of 6%, and a market rate of 7%. Interest is paid annually. What is the amount of interest the bondholders will receive at the end of the year?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7267}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13644", "question_text": "The electron volt (eV) is a convenient unit of energy for expressing atomic-scale energies. It is the amount of energy that an electron gains when subjected to a potential of 1 volt; 1 eV = 1.602\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0080\u009319J. Using the Bohr model, determine the energy, in electron volts, of the photon produced when an electron in a hydrogen atom moves from the orbit withn= 5 to the orbit withn= 2. Show your calculations.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9925}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04986", "question_text": "Find the maximum potential difference between two parallel conducting plates separated by 0.500 cm of air, given the maximum sustainable electric field strength in air to be {3.0 \\times \\text{10}^{6}}\\ \\text{V/m} .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13850", "question_text": "One way to state Boyle\u00e2\u0080\u0099s law is \u00e2\u0080\u009cAll other things being equal, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.\u00e2\u0080\u009d (a) What is the meaning of the term \u00e2\u0080\u009cinversely proportional?\u00e2\u0080\u009d (b) What are the \u00e2\u0080\u009cother things\u00e2\u0080\u009d that must be equal?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14582", "question_text": "Which is the stronger acid, HClO4or HBrO4? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7046}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06137", "question_text": "Express the \\beta decays n\\rightarrow p + e^{\\text{\u2212}} + \\overset{\\text{\u2212}}{\\nu} and p\\rightarrow n + e^{+} + \\nu in terms of \\beta decays of quarks. Check to see that the conservation laws for charge, lepton number, and baryon number are satisfied by the quark \\beta decays.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8024}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05573", "question_text": "Explain what happens to the energy carried by light that it is dimmed by passing it through two crossed polarizing filters.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6234}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16259", "question_text": "An image of a 2.0 -cm object reflected from a mirror is 5.0 cm tall. What is the magnification of the mirror?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11323", "question_text": "Ecologists often attempt to introduce new plants to restore degraded land. In an arid climate, scientists recommend introducing plants with arbuscular mycorrhizae. How would the mycorrhizae increase the plants\u00e2\u0080\u0099 survival compared to plants without mycorrhizae?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9662}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04879", "question_text": "A 0.500-kg mass suspended from a spring oscillates with a period of 1.50 s. How much mass must be added to the object to change the period to 2.00 s?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22987", "question_text": "Which of the following is not an example of sensory enrichment during early development that can promote synaptic connectivity?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9879}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13091", "question_text": "A person who stopped breastfeeding suddenly is experiencing breast engorgement and leakage, just like they did in the first few weeks of breastfeeding. Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9889}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15334", "question_text": "Why are diverging mirrors often used for rear-view mirrors in vehicles? What is the main disadvantage of using such a mirror compared with a flat one?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07306", "question_text": "An outdoor WiFi unit for a picnic area has a 100-mW output and a range of about 30 m. What output power would reduce its range to 12 m for use with the same devices as before? Assume there are no obstacles in the way and that microwaves into the ground are simply absorbed.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9872}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13166", "question_text": "Could an individual with blood type O (genotypeii) be a legitimate child of parents in which one parent had blood type A and the other parent had blood type B?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.722}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11753", "question_text": "The ability of a muscle to generate tension immediately after stimulation is dependent on:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22440", "question_text": "How does desensitization work? What causes it to happen?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9759}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03256", "question_text": "The Henry\u2019s law constant for CO 2 is 3.4 \\times 10 \u22122 _M_ /atm at 25 \u00b0C. Assuming ideal solution behavior, what pressure of carbon dioxide is needed to maintain a CO 2 concentration of 0.10 _M_ in a can of lemon-lime soda?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07969", "question_text": "(a) Using the information in the previous problem, what velocity do you need to escape the Milky Way galaxy from our present position? (b) Would you need to accelerate a spaceship to this speed relative to Earth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02727", "question_text": "\\frac{\\left( {y - 1} \\right)^{2}}{49} - \\frac{\\left( {x + 1} \\right)^{2}}{4} = 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06516", "question_text": "If information is protected as a valid trade secret, a competitor can be stopped from using it no matter who he obtained it from. True or False?    A. True.   B. False.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6221}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15864", "question_text": "Titan, with a radius of2.58\u00c3\u0097106m, is the largest moon of the planet Saturn. If the mass of Titan is1.35\u00c3\u00971023kg, what is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of this moon?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11960", "question_text": "Jaguars are a keystone species in the Amazon. Describe how they can be so essential to the ecosystem despite being significantly less abundant than many other species.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9851}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06152", "question_text": "The core of a star collapses during a supernova, forming a neutron star. Angular momentum of the core is conserved, so the neutron star spins rapidly. If the initial core radius is 5.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{5}\\ \\text{km} and it collapses to 10.0 km, find the neutron star\u2019s angular velocity in revolutions per second, given the core\u2019s angular velocity was originally 1 revolution per 30.0 days.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07447", "question_text": "A particle at rest leaves the origin with its velocity increasing with time according to _v_ ( _t_ ) = 3.2 _t_ m/s. At 5.0 s, the particle\u2019s velocity starts decreasing according to [16.0 \u2013 1.5( _t_ \u2013 5.0)] m/s. This decrease continues until _t_ = 11.0 s, after which the particle\u2019s velocity remains constant at 7.0 m/s. (a) What is the acceleration of the particle as a function of time? (b) What is the position of the particle at _t_ = 2.0 s, _t_ = 7.0 s, and _t_ = 12.0 s?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5308}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24513", "question_text": "Which of the following protests was directly related to federal policies, and thus had the greatest impact in creating a negative public perception of the Hoover presidency? the Farm Holiday Associationthe Ford Motor Company labor strikesthe Bonus Expeditionary Forcethe widespread appearance of \u00e2\u0080\u009cHooverville\u00e2\u0080\u009d shantytowns", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7189}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09602", "question_text": "[LO 9.3](9-3-describe-the-types-of-responsibility-centers) Explain the benefits of a return on investment structure within an investment center framework. It may help to think of an example using an existing company.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9836}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04831", "question_text": "Integrated Concepts (a) A large electrical power facility produces 1600 MW of \u201cwaste heat,\u201d which is dissipated to the environment in cooling towers by warming air flowing through the towers by 5\\text{.}\\text{00\u00baC} . What is the necessary flow rate of air in \\text{m}^{3}\\text{/s} ? (b) Is your result consistent with the large cooling towers used by many large electrical power plants?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9496}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14537", "question_text": "Describe the hybridization of silicon and the molecular structure of the following molecules and ions: (a) (CH3)3SiH (b)SiO44\u00e2\u0088\u0092SiO44\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (c) Si2H6 (d) Si(OH)4 (e)SiF62\u00e2\u0088\u0092SiF62\u00e2\u0088\u0092", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9961}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16581", "question_text": "Analysis of what particles began the search for the Higgs boson?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9827}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18029", "question_text": "Do you think a linear fit is best? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11031", "question_text": "Describe the structure and complementary base pairing of DNA.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02951", "question_text": "The toxic pigment called white lead, Pb 3 (OH) 2 (CO 3 ) 2 , has been replaced in white paints by rutile, TiO 2 . How much rutile (g) can be prepared from 379 g of an ore that contains 88.3% ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ) by mass?   2\\text{FeTiO}_{3} + 4\\text{HCl} + \\text{Cl}_{2}\\ \\longrightarrow\\ 2\\text{FeCl}_{3} + 2\\text{TiO}_{2} + 2\\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5109}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23730", "question_text": "An older man retires from his job, stops golfing, and cancels his newspaper subscription. After his wife dies, he lives alone, loses touch with his children, and stops seeing old friends. His situation most closely illustrates the _______ theory.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8444}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21200", "question_text": "Presidential approval ratings ________ over a president\u00e2\u0080\u0099s term of office.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16406", "question_text": "Given a circuit with one 9-V battery and with its negative terminal connected to ground. The two paths are connected to ground from the positive terminal: the right path with a 20-\u00ce\u00a9 and a 100-\u00ce\u00a9 resistor and the left path with a 50-\u00ce\u00a9 resistor. How much current will flow in the right branch?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16887", "question_text": "How was theMars Odysseyspacecraft able to detect water on Mars without landing on it?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09161", "question_text": "Cancer results when a mutation leads to which of the following?    A. cell death   B. apoptosis   C. loss of cell-cycle control   D. shutdown of the cell cycle", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9108}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19225", "question_text": "What are specific examples of business architecture similarities between two banks?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8648}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16425", "question_text": "In which direction do the magnetic field lines point outside the south pole of a magnet?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8511}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24227", "question_text": "What were the fundamental differences between the Federalist and Democratic-Republican visions?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12055", "question_text": "The smallest unit of an element that still retains the distinctive behavior of that element is an ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9632}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15916", "question_text": "Why do we use average force while solving momentum problems? How is net force related to the momentum of the object?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9927}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03052", "question_text": "Which atom and/or ion is (are) isoelectronic with Br + : Se 2+ , Se, As \u2013 , Kr, Ga 3+ , Cl \u2013 ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10778", "question_text": "How can a cell use an extracellular peripheral protein as the receptor to transmit a signal into the cell?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6079}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03712", "question_text": "y\\prime = e^{\\text{\u2212}y}\\text{sin}\\mspace{2mu} x", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08459", "question_text": "9\\;\\sin\\;\\omega - 2 = 4\\mspace{9mu}\\sin^{2}\\omega", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8754}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15410", "question_text": "Why are UV, x rays, and\u00ce\u00b3\u00ce\u00b3rays called ionizing radiation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5289}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20862", "question_text": "What is the difference between rational expectations and adaptive expectations?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09754", "question_text": "Why is conscience the locus or center of ethical behavior in business?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22136", "question_text": "A human factors psychologist who studied how a worker interacted with a search engine would be researching in the area of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9932}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21874", "question_text": "Decreased sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08677", "question_text": "Which of the following is the organelle that spirochetes use to propel themselves?    A. plasma membrane   B. axial filament   C. pilum   D. fimbria", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7553}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02459", "question_text": "Solve for _x_ if \\log_{64}(x) = \\frac{1}{3} by converting the logarithmic equation \\log_{64}(x) = \\frac{1}{3} to exponential form.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02500", "question_text": "A bottle of soda with a temperature of \\text{71\u00b0} Fahrenheit was taken off a shelf and placed in a refrigerator with an internal temperature of \\text{35\u00b0 F}\\text{.} After ten minutes, the internal temperature of the soda was \\text{63\u00b0 F}\\text{.} Use Newton\u2019s Law of Cooling to write a formula that models this situation. To the nearest degree, what will the temperature of the soda be after one hour?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24730", "question_text": "What is determinism?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9473}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17238", "question_text": "You have discovered two star clusters. The first cluster contains mainly main-sequence stars, along with some red giant stars and a few white dwarfs. The second cluster also contains mainly main-sequence stars, along with some red giant stars, and a few neutron stars\u00e2\u0080\u0094but no white dwarf stars. What are the relative ages of the clusters? How did you determine your answer?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9787}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19704", "question_text": "What does Kubernetes specialize in?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9606}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19936", "question_text": "What are three examples of specialized careers for individuals who work in cloud computing?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9384}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24741", "question_text": "Offer one Gettier case and explain how it works.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13962", "question_text": "Which contains the compounds listed correctly in order of increasing boiling points? (a) N2< CS2< H2O < KCl (b) H2O < N2< CS2< KCl (c) N2< KCl < CS2< H2O (d) CS2< N2< KCl < H2O (e) KCl < H2O < CS2< N2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8902}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14376", "question_text": "Using the dissociation constant,Kd= 3.4\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0080\u009315, calculate the equilibrium concentrations of Zn2+and OH\u00e2\u0080\u0093in a 0.0465-Msolution ofZn(OH)42\u00e2\u0088\u0092.Zn(OH)42\u00e2\u0088\u0092.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17656", "question_text": "A bottle of water contains 12.05 fluid ounces with a standard deviation of 0.01 ounces. Define the random variableXin words.X= ____________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25297", "question_text": "Why would investors require access to financial statements?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8392}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16118", "question_text": "With reference to waves, what is adisturbance?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9941}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25137", "question_text": "What differentiates a social entrepreneurial enterprise from a traditional entrepreneur?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14243", "question_text": "The ionization constant for water (Kw) is 2.9\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u009214at 40 \u00c2\u00b0C. Calculate [H3O+], [OH\u00e2\u0088\u0092], pH, and pOH for pure water at 40 \u00c2\u00b0C.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26079", "question_text": "LO2.2Explain the concept of relevant range and how it affects total fixed costs.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14199", "question_text": "Complete the following partial ICE tables. (a) 2SO3(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c2SO2(g)+O2(g)change______+x2SO3(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c2SO2(g)+O2(g)change______+x (b) 4NH3(g)+3O2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c2N2(g)+6H2O(g)change___+x______4NH3(g)+3O2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c2N2(g)+6H2O(g)change___+x______ (c) 2CH4(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cC2H2(g)+3H2(g)change___+x___2CH4(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cC2H2(g)+3H2(g)change___+x___ (d) CH4(g)+H2O(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cCO(g)+3H2(g)change___+x______CH4(g)+H2O(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cCO(g)+3H2(g)change___+x______ (e) NH4Cl(s)\u00e2\u0087\u008cNH3(g)+HCl(g)change+x___NH4Cl(s)\u00e2\u0087\u008cNH3(g)+HCl(g)change+x___ (f) Ni(s)+4CO(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cNi(CO)4(g)change+x___Ni(s)+4CO(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cNi(CO)4(g)change+x___", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3848}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04090", "question_text": "[LO 1.4](1-4-explain-why-accounting-is-important-to-business-stakeholders) Use the internet to visit the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) website (https://www.sec.gov/). Write a report discussing the following:    A. several of the services provided by the SEC   B. why the services are important to the investing public   C. why you think the SEC would require publicly traded companies to file financial information", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.84}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23829", "question_text": "Which concept corresponds best to functionalism?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.898}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12970", "question_text": "Both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus produce large urine volumes, but how would other characteristics of the urine differ between the two diseases?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01151", "question_text": "y = \\frac{3}{4}x - 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5579}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20671", "question_text": "According toTable 19.7, how often have recessions occurred since the end of World War II (1945)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8293}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19747", "question_text": "Your colleague has excellent skills in teamwork, creative thinking, and problem solving. What competency does your colleague have?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8165}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02570", "question_text": "If \\sec\\; x = 4, find \\sec\\left( {- x} \\right).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12994", "question_text": "The largest amount of water leaves the body via ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9882}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19889", "question_text": "Which type of organization would most likely require that its data centers be ISO/IEC 27001 certified?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26535", "question_text": "A 67-year-old woman presents to the urgent care center with a headache and dizziness following a 5-mile running event for charity. Which of the following findings would be most concerning?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6385}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26508", "question_text": "The nurse is providing dietary instruction to a team of college athletes. Which source of energy does the nurse explain is used first during exercise?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9645}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07081", "question_text": "Two particles have the same linear momentum, but particle A has four times the charge of particle B. If both particles move in a plane perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field, what is the ratio R_{A}\\text{/}R_{B} of the radii of their circular orbits?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9376}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03623", "question_text": "Ethylene can be produced by the pyrolysis of ethane:   \\text{C}_{2}\\text{H}_{6}\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{C}_{2}\\text{H}_{4} + \\text{H}_{2} How many kilograms of ethylene is produced by the pyrolysis of 1.000 \\times 10 3 kg of ethane, assuming a 100.0% yield?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9914}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21241", "question_text": "Radio quiz shows and comedy shows were most popular in the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3648}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09833", "question_text": "Should insurance coverage be mandatory for in some U.S. areas, such as hurricane coverage in the Southeast, tornado coverage in the Midwest, earthquake coverage on the Pacific Coast? Why or why not? Should government subsidies help underwrite the cost of this coverage? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9942}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13492", "question_text": "Write the molecular, total ionic, and net ionic equations for the following reactions: (a)Ca(OH)2(aq)+HC2H3O2(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Ca(OH)2(aq)+HC2H3O2(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6 (b)H3PO4(aq)+CaCl2(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H3PO4(aq)+CaCl2(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9136}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05393", "question_text": "A relatively long-lived excited state of an atom has a lifetime of 3.00 ms. What is the minimum uncertainty in its energy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8737}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02259", "question_text": "88a^{3}b + 4a^{2}b - 144a^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.636}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02349", "question_text": "H(x) = \\sqrt{\\frac{2x - 1}{3x + 4}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8523}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25851", "question_text": "LO8.2The information technology departments of all companies have significant and important roles in the internal control systems. Discuss them and their importance.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9787}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06289", "question_text": "Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are:    A. referred to as the Apocrypha   B. oral traditions only because Judaism has no sacred text   C. shared by Christianity and Islam   D. no longer part of the Torah", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8485}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01042", "question_text": "\\frac{1}{2}(k - 3) = \\frac{1}{3}(k + 16)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8198}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23760", "question_text": "According to research, what are people\u00e2\u0080\u0099s general thoughts on family in the United States? How do they view nontraditional family structures? How do you think these views might change in twenty years?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.548}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14704", "question_text": "Write a brief description or definition of each of the following: (a) nucleon (b) \u00ce\u00b1 particle (c) \u00ce\u00b2 particle (d) positron (e) \u00ce\u00b3 ray (f) nuclide (g) mass number (h) atomic number", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9943}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07459", "question_text": "Compare the time in the air of a basketball player who jumps 1.0 m vertically off the floor with that of a player who jumps 0.3 m vertically.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12062", "question_text": "A substance formed of crystals of equal numbers of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds is called a(n) ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9132}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03477", "question_text": "Indicate which substance in the given pairs has the higher entropy value. Explain your choices. (a) C 2 H 5 OH( _l_ ) or C 3 H 7 OH( _l_ ) (b) C 2 H 5 OH( _l_ ) or C 2 H 5 OH( _g_ ) (c) 2H( _g_ ) or H( _g_ )", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4645}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07154", "question_text": "A conducting sheet lies in a plane perpendicular to a magnetic field \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} that is below the sheet. If \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} oscillates at a high frequency and the conductor is made of a material of low resistivity, the region above the sheet is effectively shielded from \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} . Explain why. Will the conductor shield this region from static magnetic fields?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5678}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17987", "question_text": "What are the dependent and independent variables?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5794}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06385", "question_text": "What are design patents granted for?    A. Functional designs for manufactured items, like the shape of a chair.   B. Ornamental designs for items of manufacture, like the fabric design of a chair.   C. All of the above.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9935}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13974", "question_text": "What types of liquids typically form amorphous solids?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9955}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11193", "question_text": "Why is it so important for scientists to distinguish between homologous and analogous characteristics before building phylogenetic trees?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02097", "question_text": "\\text{log}_{8}1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9864}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17348", "question_text": "Why do astronomers believe there must be dark matter that is not in the form of atoms with protons and neutrons?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21608", "question_text": "According to political science scholars, which of the following provide(s) an opportunity for populism to arise within a country?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14324", "question_text": "Write the ionic equation for the dissolution and theKspexpression for each of the following slightly soluble ionic compounds: (a) LaF3 (b) CaCO3 (c) Ag2SO4 (d) Pb(OH)2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9754}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09631", "question_text": "[LO 11.2](11-2-evaluate-the-payback-and-accounting-rate-of-return-in-capital- investment-decisions) What is the payback method used to determine?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22745", "question_text": "________ is an age-related decline in bone mass, while ________ is an age-related loss of muscles mass.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25384", "question_text": "What are some risks associated with surrounding yourself with others who are similar to you in background? Industry experience? Education? Age? Personality? Ability to process information?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22583", "question_text": "Name the five \u00e2\u0080\u009cCs\u00e2\u0080\u009d that comprise the core competencies upon which the positive youth development programs are built.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04463", "question_text": "Repeat [Exercise 3.16](3-problems-exercises#eip-287) using analytical techniques, but reverse the order of the two legs of the walk and show that you get the same final result. (This problem shows that adding them in reverse order gives the same result\u2014that is, \\textbf{B + A = A + B} .) Discuss how taking another path to reach the same point might help to overcome an obstacle blocking your other path.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9893}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25054", "question_text": "When was the Federal Trade Commission established?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06341", "question_text": "Where does a large percentage of e-waste wind up?    A. Incinerators   B. Recycled in peripheral nations   C. Repurposed into new electronics    D. Dumped into ocean repositories", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18446", "question_text": "A $14,250, 4-year loan is taken out at 9.15% interest. What are the monthly payments for the loan?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09012", "question_text": "Which of the following is not an appropriate target for antifungal drugs?    A. ergosterol   B. chitin   C. cholesterol   D. \u03b2(1\u21923) glucan", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9943}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21590", "question_text": "A semi-presidential system has:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6622}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25499", "question_text": "Like Nike\u00e2\u0080\u0099s marketing adaptation with \u00e2\u0080\u009cNike by You,\u00e2\u0080\u009d other retailers offer customers individualized products. For instance, you candesign your own jeansonline. Brainstorm five other products that may lend themselves to customized offerings that express cultural or sociodemographic differences.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22347", "question_text": "What is a temperamental trait linked with low or high interest or nervousness in new situations and places?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06377", "question_text": "Which of the following is NOT a requirement for patent eligibility?    A. Novel.   B. Revolutionary.   C. Non-obvious.   D. Useful.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9961}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16500", "question_text": "Energy provided by a light exists in the following quantities: 150 J, 225 J, 300 J. Define one possible quantum of energy and provide an energy state that cannot exist with this quantum.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7842}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08409", "question_text": "Find the _x_ \\- and _y_ -intercepts of the equation 2x\\mspace{9mu} + \\mspace{9mu} 7y = - 14.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21127", "question_text": "Which isnota merit of cooperative federalism?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9961}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24753", "question_text": "How does Hume describe the is-ought problem?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25747", "question_text": "LO3.2Assume that you are the controller of a business that provides legal services to clients. Suppose that the company has had a tough year, so the revenues have been lagging behind, based on previous years\u00e2\u0080\u0099 standards. What would you do if your boss (the chief executive officer [CEO] of the company) asked to reclassify a transaction to report loan proceeds of $150,000 as if the cash came from service fee revenue from clients instead. Would following the CEO\u00e2\u0080\u0099s advice impact the company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s accounting equation? How would reclassifying this one transaction change the outcome of the balance sheet, the income statement, and the statement of retained earnings? Would making this reclassification change the perception that users of the financial statements would have of the company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s current year success and future year potential? Write a memo, detailing your willingness (or not) to embrace this suggestion, giving reasons behind your decision. Remember to exercise diplomacy, even if you must dissent from the opinion of a supervisor. Note that the challenge of the assignment is to keep your integrity intact, while also keeping your job, if possible.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5127}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00754", "question_text": "The symmetric equation for the line of intersection between two planes x + y + z = 2 and x + 2y - 4z = 5 is given by - \\frac{x - 1}{6} = \\frac{y - 1}{5} = z.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5576}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09238", "question_text": "Which of these microbes causes \u201cwalking pneumonia\u201d?    A. _Klebsiella pneumoniae_   B. _Streptococcus pneumoniae_   C. _Mycoplasma pneumoniae_   D. _Chlamydophila pneumoniae_", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9557}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06887", "question_text": "Concentric conducting spherical shells carry charges _Q_ and \u2013 _Q_ , respectively. The inner shell has negligible thickness. What is the potential difference between the shells?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.804}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18355", "question_text": "Graph and list the solutions to the quadratic equationx2\u00e2\u0088\u009236=0.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11300", "question_text": "During sexual reproduction, a homothallic mycelium contains", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5893}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13838", "question_text": "Explain whyN22+N22+is diamagnetic, whileO24+,O24+,which has the same number of valence electrons, is paramagnetic.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7903}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26886", "question_text": "A client with heart failure has been prescribed furosemide 60 mg every morning. The tablets come in 40 mg. How many tablets should the client take each morning?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9596}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04630", "question_text": "Derive the equation for the vertical acceleration of a rocket.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9907}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04701", "question_text": "Find the density of a fluid in which a hydrometer having a density of 0\\text{.}\\text{750 g}\\text{/mL} floats with \\text{92.0\\%} of its volume submerged.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23864", "question_text": "Explain the difference between state socialism with central planning and market socialism.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20933", "question_text": "What is the difference between foreign direct investment and portfolio investment?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23702", "question_text": "Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered _______.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01306", "question_text": "\\frac{64x^{3} - 1}{4x - 1}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7569}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23071", "question_text": "The primary sensory organ for the olfactory system is called the olfactory ______?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9803}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24085", "question_text": "What specific roles have dogs had in human societies across time?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9308}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05727", "question_text": "[Figure 3.14](3-4-interference-in-thin-films) shows two 7.50-cm-long glass slides illuminated by pure 589-nm wavelength light incident perpendicularly. The top slide touches the bottom slide at one end and rests on some debris at the other end, forming a wedge of air. How thick is the debris, if the dark bands are 1.00 mm apart?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09985", "question_text": "the difference of -12\\ \\text{and}\\ 5", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8091}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04607", "question_text": "Professional Application A 75.0-kg person is riding in a car moving at 20.0 m/s when the car runs into a bridge abutment. (a) Calculate the average force on the person if he is stopped by a padded dashboard that compresses an average of 1.00 cm. (b) Calculate the average force on the person if he is stopped by an air bag that compresses an average of 15.0 cm.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11894", "question_text": "Describe the phases of the human sexual response.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23649", "question_text": "Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01871", "question_text": "For the function f(x) = 6x^{2} - 3x - 9 find:   \u24d0 f(3) \u24d1 f(-2) \u24d2 f(0)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12288", "question_text": "Which part of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8675}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05551", "question_text": "Andromeda galaxy is the closest large galaxy and is visible to the naked eye. Estimate its brightness relative to the Sun, assuming it has luminosity \\text{10}^{\\text{12}}{} times that of the Sun and lies 2 Mly away.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00934", "question_text": "12 \\div 0.08", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5084}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03832", "question_text": "As a result of globalization and new information and communications technology, would you expect that the definitions of markets that antitrust authorities use will become broader or narrower?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9512}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26486", "question_text": "An interpretation ofr=0.5r=0.5is that the following part of the Y-variation is associated with which variation in X:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9253}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16360", "question_text": "How is electric potential related to electric potential energy?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6343}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14737", "question_text": "The mass of a hydrogen atom(11H)(11H)is 1.007825 amu; that of a tritium atom(13H)(13H)is 3.01605 amu; and that of an \u00ce\u00b1 particle is 4.00150 amu. How much energy in kilojoules per mole of24He24Heproduced is released by the following fusion reaction:11H+13H\u00e2\u009f\u00b624He.11H+13H\u00e2\u009f\u00b624He.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10266", "question_text": "n - 12 = 32", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08426", "question_text": "f(x) = 4x^{4} + 8x^{3} + 21x^{2} + 17x + 4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6385}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21510", "question_text": "__________ is considered the most fundamental civil liberty.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7443}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25300", "question_text": "What is pivoting?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09355", "question_text": "How do humans usually contract neurocysticercosis?    A. the bite of an infected arthropod   B. exposure to contaminated cat feces   C. swimming in contaminated water   D. ingestion of undercooked pork", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07405", "question_text": "A diver explores a shallow reef off the coast of Belize. She initially swims 90.0 m north, makes a turn to the east and continues for 200.0 m, then follows a big grouper for 80.0 m in the direction 30\\text{\u00b0} north of east. In the meantime, a local current displaces her by 150.0 m south. Assuming the current is no longer present, in what direction and how far should she now swim to come back to the point where she started?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9594}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25822", "question_text": "LO6.7You own a clothing store and use a periodic inventory system. Research like companies in the clothing industry and answer the following questions. Which inventory system is most used in clothing stores, periodic or perpetual?Why can periodic inventory reporting be a better approach to use than perpetual inventory reporting for this type of industry?What are some of the advantages and disadvantages to the periodic inventory method?What other types of businesses may use the periodic inventory method rather than the perpetual method?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26571", "question_text": "The nurse is providing nutritional counseling to a client planning pregnancy. The nurse should emphasize the importance of consuming what micronutrients to avoid macrocytic anemia?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00992", "question_text": "Convert 1.85 to a percent.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8156}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07672", "question_text": "A girl pulls her 15-kg wagon along a flat sidewalk by applying a 10-N force at 37\\text{\u00b0} to the horizontal. Assume that friction is negligible and that the wagon starts from rest. (a) How much work does the girl do on the wagon in the first 2.0 s. (b) How much instantaneous power does she exert at t = 2.0\\ \\text{s} ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22515", "question_text": "Describe internalizing and externalizing behaviors that may be seen during middle childhood.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9611}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06130", "question_text": "How much energy is released when an electron and a positron at rest annihilate each other? (For particle masses, see [Table 11.1](11-1-introduction-to- particle-physics) .)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5712}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22186", "question_text": "Common symptoms of major depressive disorder include all of the followingexcept________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9939}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02266", "question_text": "\\frac{x^{2} - x - 12}{x^{2} - 8x + 16}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5011}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26563", "question_text": "Which of the following is a good food choice for a client with Hashimoto\u00e2\u0080\u0099s thyroiditis who needs to consume iodine-rich foods?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06977", "question_text": "A heater is being designed that uses a coil of 14-gauge nichrome wire to generate 300 W using a voltage of V = 110\\ \\text{V} . How long should the engineer make the wire?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9781}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25902", "question_text": "LO10.1Explain the difference between the termsFOB destinationandFOB shipping point.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9903}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12917", "question_text": "The body\u00e2\u0080\u0099s temperature is controlled by the ________. This temperature is always kept between ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9641}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25553", "question_text": "What group within a corporation has the primary responsibility for protecting the interests of shareholders?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9176}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13063", "question_text": "The placenta is formed from ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6235}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20681", "question_text": "What do economists mean when they refer to improvements in technology?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9909}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19043", "question_text": "ddt[u(t)\u00c3\u0097u(t)]=2u\u00e2\u0080\u00b2(t)\u00c3\u0097u(t)ddt[u(t)\u00c3\u0097u(t)]=2u\u00e2\u0080\u00b2(t)\u00c3\u0097u(t)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4871}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11690", "question_text": "Describe the difference in the localization of the sensory receptors for general and special senses in humans.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26479", "question_text": "Consider a sample least squares regression analysis between a dependent variable (Y) and an independent variable (X).  A sample correlation coefficient of \u00e2\u0088\u00921 (minus one) tells us that", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5577}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03511", "question_text": "Why is a salt bridge necessary in galvanic cells like the one in [Figure 17.3](17-2-galvanic-cells) ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8731}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22899", "question_text": "Compared to an actional potential, which is true about graded potentials?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26476", "question_text": "Discuss briefly the distinction between correlation and causality.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12834", "question_text": "When do fetal breathing movements begin?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6546}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18606", "question_text": "Find the surface area of the right cylinder.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13205", "question_text": "Prokaryotes stain as Gram-positive or Gram-negative because of differences in the _______.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17064", "question_text": "Why do you think astronomers have suggested three different spectral types (L, T, and Y) for the brown dwarfs instead of M? Why was one not enough?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22211", "question_text": "Today, most people with mental health issues are not hospitalized. Typically they are only hospitalized if they ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9923}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26878", "question_text": "A client is being prescribed losartan at discharge from the hospital by the health care provider. The discharge instructions by the nurse should include what information about how losartan acts?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9961}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22137", "question_text": "What societal and management attitudes might have caused organizational psychology to develop later than industrial psychology?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00925", "question_text": "18.37 + 9.36", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4855}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01209", "question_text": "\\left\\\\{ \\begin{array}{l} {2x - 3y < 6} \\\\\\ {3x + 4y \\geq 12} \\end{array} \\right.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9897}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19736", "question_text": "What type of information system is used by everyone in an organization to integrate various business processes and functions across an organization?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10082", "question_text": "0.803\\operatorname{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_}0.83", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6916}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19805", "question_text": "How do document-oriented databases handle data, and what are their typical use cases?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8747}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04628", "question_text": "Professional Application Antiballistic missiles (ABMs) are designed to have very large accelerations so that they may intercept fast-moving incoming missiles in the short time available. What is the takeoff acceleration of a 10,000-kg ABM that expels 196 kg of gas per second at an exhaust velocity of 2\\text{.}{\\text{50} \\times \\text{10}^{3}}\\ \\text{m/s?}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9741}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05311", "question_text": "Repeat [Exercise 27.71](27-problems-exercises#fs-id1169738028271) , but take the light to be incident at a \\text{45\u00ba} angle.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9422}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12026", "question_text": "Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24548", "question_text": "Which of the following islands had to be captured in order to provide a staging area for U.S. bombing raids against Japan? SakhalinIwo JimaMolokaiReunion", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22078", "question_text": "Why might it be important to consider cultural influences on personality?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.871}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18300", "question_text": "Solve the linear equations using a general strategy:3x\u00e2\u0088\u00927=8", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12094", "question_text": "Once dietary fats are digested and absorbed, why can they not be released directly into the bloodstream?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8564}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10358", "question_text": "Find the sum of 8q^{3} - 27 and q^{2} + 6q - 2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16612", "question_text": "Give four ways to demonstrate that Earth is spherical.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07927", "question_text": "Two thin rods, one made of steel and the other of aluminum, are joined end to end. Each rod is 2.0 m long and has cross-sectional area 9.1\\ \\text{mm}^{2}. If a 10,000-N tensile force is applied at each end of the combination, find: (a) stress in each rod; (b) strain in each rod; and, (c) elongation of each rod.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9936}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12340", "question_text": "A meniscus is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8249}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11628", "question_text": "The gut microbiome (the bacterial colonies in the intestines) have become a popular area of study in biomedical research. How could varying gut microbiomes impact a person\u00e2\u0080\u0099s nutrition?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9808}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17108", "question_text": "Which method would you use to obtain the distance to each of the following? An asteroid crossing Earth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s orbitA star astronomers believe to be no more than 50 light-years from the SunA tight group of stars in the Milky Way Galaxy that includes a significant number of variable starsA star that is not variable but for which you can obtain a clearly defined spectrum", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01236", "question_text": "\\left( 3^{r} \\right)^{s}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3429}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23977", "question_text": "What rituals mark the passage of children into adulthood in your culture? Identify symbolic objects and actions in those rituals. What norms and values are expressed?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16290", "question_text": "Which remains unchanged when a monochromatic beam of light passes from air into water?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9642}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22971", "question_text": "Which germ layer gives rise to the neural plate, initiating the process of neurulation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8942}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24659", "question_text": "What are some of the conditions that make critical thinking possible?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3413}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06901", "question_text": "(a) Find x\\ > > \\ L limit of the potential of a finite uniformly charged rod and show that it coincides with that of a point charge formula. (b) Why would you expect this result?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9741}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22348", "question_text": "When researchers say that temperament is largely genetic, what claim are they making about it?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9812}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22551", "question_text": "Carlos is thinking about a career in aviation. During the summer between his second and third years of high school, he completes an internship at an airport nearby. What identity status would you say he is working toward?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.52}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11709", "question_text": "FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary is stimulated by ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14591", "question_text": "Give the Lewis structure of each of the following: (a) SF4 (b) K2SO4 (c) SO2Cl2 (d) H2SO3 (e) SO3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5313}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14445", "question_text": "Given:P4(s)+5O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6P4O10(s)\u00ce\u0094G\u00c2\u00b0=\u00e2\u0088\u00922697.0 kJ/molP4(s)+5O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6P4O10(s)\u00ce\u0094G\u00c2\u00b0=\u00e2\u0088\u00922697.0 kJ/mol2H2(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62H2O(g)\u00ce\u0094G\u00c2\u00b0=\u00e2\u0088\u0092457.18 kJ/mol2H2(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62H2O(g)\u00ce\u0094G\u00c2\u00b0=\u00e2\u0088\u0092457.18 kJ/mol6H2O(g)+P4O10(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b64H3PO4(l)\u00ce\u0094G\u00c2\u00b0=\u00e2\u0088\u0092428.66 kJ/mol6H2O(g)+P4O10(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b64H3PO4(l)\u00ce\u0094G\u00c2\u00b0=\u00e2\u0088\u0092428.66 kJ/mol (a) Determine the standard free energy of formation,\u00ce\u0094Gf\u00c2\u00b0,\u00ce\u0094Gf\u00c2\u00b0,for phosphoric acid. (b) How does your calculated result compare to the value inAppendix G? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9538}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25275", "question_text": "What is the Small Business Administration?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14049", "question_text": "Assuming ideal solution behavior, what is the osmotic pressure of an aqueous solution of 1.64 g of Ca(NO3)2in water at 25 \u00c2\u00b0C? The volume of the solution is 275 mL. (a) Outline the steps necessary to answer the question. (b) Answer the question.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.896}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22532", "question_text": "In regard to the timing of the onset of puberty, who is more at risk for a depressed mood, negative body image, eating disorders, substance use, promiscuity, and school problems?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13679", "question_text": "Which atom would be expected to have a half-filled 4ssubshell?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5335}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13980", "question_text": "Classify each substance in the table as either a metallic, ionic, molecular, or covalent network solid: SubstanceAppearanceMelting PointElectrical ConductivitySolubility in WaterXlustrous, malleable1500 \u00c2\u00b0ChighinsolubleYsoft, yellow113 \u00c2\u00b0CnoneinsolubleZhard, white800 \u00c2\u00b0Conly if melted/dissolvedsoluble", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9915}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08531", "question_text": "The following are the type of awards that may be issued by an arbitrator:    A. Bare Bones.   B. Reasoned.   C. Both a and b.   D. Neither a nor b.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7641}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00863", "question_text": "\u24d0 15 - 6 \u24d1 15 + (-6)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8207}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21338", "question_text": "What do the conditions under which presidents decide to make public pleas suggest about the limits of presidential power?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7374}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05968", "question_text": "If STM is to detect surface features with local heights of about 0.00200 nm, what percent change in tunneling-electron current must the STM electronics be able to detect? Assume that the tunneling-electron current has characteristics given in the preceding problem.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9844}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03441", "question_text": "A solution contains 1.0 \\times 10 \u20132 mol of KI and 0.10 mol of KCl per liter. AgNO 3 is gradually added to this solution. Which forms first, solid AgI or solid AgCl?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4828}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25315", "question_text": "Find an example of a video of a lean pitch online. What, in your opinion, makes it successful?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9576}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22241", "question_text": "What does the \u00e2\u0080\u009cW\u00e2\u0080\u009d in WEIRD stand for?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.94}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01358", "question_text": "3a^{3} - 6a^{2} - 72a", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19324", "question_text": "Why do we need unsigned integers?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9859}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25426", "question_text": "What are the general guidelines used to determine where your business must pay sales taxes for sales made online?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9447}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13274", "question_text": "Which of the following methods will provide information to an ecologist about both the size and density of a population?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9543}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19727", "question_text": "What is non-repudiation, and how is it achieved?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11915", "question_text": "The population is an important unit in ecology as well as other biological sciences. How is a population defined, and what are the strengths and weaknesses of this definition? Are there some species that at certain times or places are not in populations?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18168", "question_text": "18 is what percent of 40?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6788}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24892", "question_text": "True or false? Milton Friedman\u00e2\u0080\u0099s economic philosophy advocates increased government regulation to ensure that corporations are socially responsible.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8823}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10797", "question_text": "The energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is____", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3363}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24726", "question_text": "The moral arguments for the existence of God rest upon the reality of objective values. Can a shared human interest preserve a sense of objective good (without needing a reference to a God)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8778}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05835", "question_text": "Show that the relativistic form of Newton\u2019s second law is (a) F = m\\frac{du}{dt}\\ \\frac{1}{\\left( {1 - {u^{2}\\text{/}c^{2}}} \\right)^{3\\text{/}2}}; (b) Find the force needed to accelerate a mass of 1 kg by 1 \\text{m/s}^{2} when it is traveling at a velocity of _c_ /2.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05756", "question_text": "(a) What is the minimum angular spread of a 633-nm wavelength He-Ne laser beam that is originally 1.00 mm in diameter? (b) If this laser is aimed at a mountain cliff 15.0 km away, how big will the illuminated spot be? (c) How big a spot would be illuminated on the moon, neglecting atmospheric effects? (This might be done to hit a corner reflector to measure the round-trip time and, hence, distance.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9915}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18380", "question_text": "A $4,000.00 simple interest loan is taken out for 3 years at 12.5%. How much is owed when the loan comes due?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9622}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17504", "question_text": "What is the probability of rolling a prime number of dots with a fair, six-sided die numbered one through six?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9941}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15581", "question_text": "What is the definition of uncertainty?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9538}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23416", "question_text": "Seeing patterns means that a sociologist needs to be able to:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9091}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23693", "question_text": "To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9946}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06383", "question_text": "For which of the following are plant patents granted?    A. Bioengineered plants.   B. Naturally grown plants that are distinctively different.   C. Plants that are asexually cultivated, not grown from seeds.   D. All of the above.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19643", "question_text": "Consider our start-up company that is 100% committed to leveraging innovative technologies as a business growth facilitator. Describe how it can best take advantage of cloud-native application development to create products or services that can generate business. Give precise examples and explain how the start-up would be able to ensure the scalability of the resulting business (i.e., keep sustaining the cost of doing business while increasing its number of customers).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3362}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22746", "question_text": "Cognitive decline that is associated with dementia is an example of what type of aging?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12754", "question_text": "What organs do the gonadal veins drain?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5753}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05061", "question_text": "Show that if two resistors R_{1}{} and R_{2}{} are combined and one is much greater than the other ( R_{1}\\text{>>}R_{2} ): (a) Their series resistance is very nearly equal to the greater resistance R_{1}{} . (b) Their parallel resistance is very nearly equal to smaller resistance R_{2}{} .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9852}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17906", "question_text": "A sample of 12 in-state graduate school programs at school A has a mean tuition of $64,000 with a standard deviation of $8,000. At school B, a sample of 16 in-state graduate programs has a mean of $80,000 with a standard deviation of $6,000.  On average, are the mean tuitions different?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16837", "question_text": "Why are there so many impact craters on our neighbor world, the Moon, and so few on Earth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6437}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18976", "question_text": "f(x)=e1/(4x),a=4f(x)=e1/(4x),a=4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.49}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18522", "question_text": "What is the correlation coefficient between the number of two-point field goals made per game (2P) and number of points scored per game (PTS)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7649}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26487", "question_text": "Which of the following values ofrindicates the most accurate prediction of one variable from another?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9493}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16153", "question_text": "Two sources of sound producing the same frequency are moving towards you at different speeds. Which one would sound more high-pitched?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9598}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11736", "question_text": "All of the following are groups of vertebrae except ________, which is a curvature.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.726}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04606", "question_text": "Professional Application Suppose a child drives a bumper car head on into the side rail, which exerts a force of 4000 N on the car for 0.200 s. (a) What impulse is imparted by this force? (b) Find the final velocity of the bumper car if its initial velocity was 2.80 m/s and the car plus driver have a mass of 200 kg. You may neglect friction between the car and floor.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26832", "question_text": "A client with no past medical history is prescribed acetaminophen, as needed, for pain related to starting a new workout regimen. They have acetaminophen 500 mg tablets at home. The nurse instructs the client not to exceed how many tablets per day?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5074}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12421", "question_text": "Which of the following is a prime mover in head flexion?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20404", "question_text": "ALCOA does not have the monopoly power it once had. How do you suppose their barriers to entry were weakened?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9915}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14532", "question_text": "What mass of magnesium forms when 100,000 A is passed through a MgCl2melt for 1.00 h if the yield of magnesium is 85% of the theoretical yield?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10989", "question_text": "The gene for flower position in pea plants exists as axial or terminal alleles. Given that axial is dominant to terminal, list all of the possible F1and F2genotypes and phenotypes from a cross involving parents that are homozygous for each trait. Express genotypes with conventional genetic abbreviations.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20326", "question_text": "How do we calculate each of the following: marginal cost, average total cost, and average variable cost?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9184}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13241", "question_text": "The bile from the liver is delivered to the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20713", "question_text": "Would you expect the natural rate of unemployment to remain the same within one country over the long run of several decades?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24592", "question_text": "The demonstrations at Kent State University in May 1970 were held to protest what event? the My Lai massacrethe North Vietnamese invasion of Saigonthe invasion of Cambodia by U.S. forcesthe signing of a peace agreement with North Vietnam", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7794}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17215", "question_text": "Describe the evolution of a massive star (say, 20 times the mass of the Sun) up to the point at which it becomes a supernova. How does the evolution of a massive star differ from that of the Sun? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9134}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10668", "question_text": "Consider the levels of organization of the biological world, and place each of these items in order from smallest level of organization to most encompassing: skin cell, elephant, water molecule, planet Earth, tropical rainforest, hydrogen atom, wolf pack, liver.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9878}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26415", "question_text": "An experimental garden has 500 sunflowers plants.  The plants are being treated so they grow to unusual heights.  The average height is 9.3 feet with a standard deviation of 0.5 foot.   If sample sizes of 60 plants are taken, what is the probability the plants in a given sample will have an average height within 0.1 foot of the true mean of the population?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7037}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22739", "question_text": "Assess the role of communication styles and conflict resolution in marital satisfaction during middle adulthood. Referencing Gottman\u00e2\u0080\u0099s research, discuss the impact of positive and negative communication patterns on relationship stability. How can couples in middle adulthood use these strategies to maintain a healthy, fulfilling relationship?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7788}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06301", "question_text": "Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority?    A. Authority involves intimidation.   B. Authority is more subtle than power.   C. Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power.   D. Authority is inherited, but power is seized by military force.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19556", "question_text": "How does the enterprise architecture as a strategy process pattern apply to the foundation for execution?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5688}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07586", "question_text": "A 35.0-kg dolphin accelerates opposite to the motion from 12.0 to 7.50 m/s in 2.30 s to join another dolphin in play. What average force was exerted to slow the first dolphin if it was moving horizontally? (The gravitational force is balanced by the buoyant force of the water.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19730", "question_text": "Explain why responsible impact is important to cloud computing?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7028}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14997", "question_text": "Water that has emerged from a hose into the atmosphere has a gauge pressure of zero. Why? When you put your hand in front of the emerging stream you feel a force, yet the water\u00e2\u0080\u0099s gauge pressure is zero. Explain where the force comes from in terms of energy.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8465}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21098", "question_text": "Is citizen engagement necessary for a democracy to function? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20541", "question_text": "If a company has discriminated against minorities in the past, should it be required to give priority to minority applicants today? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16902", "question_text": "Near the martian equator, temperatures at the same spot can vary from an average of \u00e2\u0080\u0093135 \u00c2\u00b0C at night to an average of 30 \u00c2\u00b0C during the day. How can you explain such a wide difference in temperature compared to that on Earth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9628}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04364", "question_text": "[LO 14.4](14-4-compare-and-contrast-owners-equity-versus-retained-earnings) What does owners\u2019 equity mean for the owner?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01374", "question_text": "\\frac{10}{24}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8786}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03920", "question_text": "Would the following events usually lead to capital deepening? Why or why not?    A. A weak economy in which businesses become reluctant to make long-term investments in physical capital.   B. A rise in international trade.   C. A trend in which many more adults participate in continuing education courses through their employers and at colleges and universities.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9081}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02847", "question_text": "Convert the boiling temperature of gold, 2966 \u00b0C, into degrees Fahrenheit and kelvin.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06612", "question_text": "A company advertises that it delivers helium at a gauge pressure of 1.72\\ \\times \\ 10^{7}\\ \\text{Pa} in a cylinder of volume 43.8 L. How many balloons can be inflated to a volume of 4.00 L with that amount of helium? Assume the pressure inside the balloons is 1.01\\ \\times \\ 10^{5}\\ \\text{Pa} and the temperature in the cylinder and the balloons is 25.0\\ \\text{\u00b0C} .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15848", "question_text": "What is angular speed in terms of tangential speed and the radius?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9492}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06515", "question_text": "What did the Supreme Court note in the case of _Bonito Boats v. Thunder Craft Boats_ ?    A. One cannot legally misappropriate trade secrets.   B. Nobody is above the law, not even a trade secret owner.   C. The holder of a trade secret does not have protection against reverse engineering.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6807}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24023", "question_text": "Have you seen diversity, equity, and inclusion practices gain popularity at your institution? Discuss the reasons a campus might need these practices, as well as who benefits from them.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7864}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23170", "question_text": "Which of the following statements best describes the role of gonadal steroid hormones in sex differences in stress hormone responses?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9877}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21466", "question_text": "Which perspective is not a theory used to understand international relations?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5189}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10983", "question_text": "Labrador retrievers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 fur color is controlled by two alleles, E and B. Any dog with the ee__ genotype develops into a yellow lab, while B_E_ dogs become black labs and bbE_ dogs become chocolate labs. This is an example of _____.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6247}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10709", "question_text": "Draw the ketose and aldose forms of a monosaccharide with the chemical formula C3H6O3. How is the structure of the monosaccharide changed from one form to the other in the human body?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9915}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20611", "question_text": "Why are banks called \u00e2\u0080\u009cfinancial intermediaries\u00e2\u0080\u009d?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17344", "question_text": "What does the term Hubble time mean in cosmology, and what is the current best calculation for the Hubble time?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6872}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17086", "question_text": "Within 50 light-years of the Sun, visual binaries outnumber eclipsing binaries. Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8732}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18961", "question_text": "Ifb=34b=34andx0=100,x0=100,findS10S10andlimn\u00e2\u0086\u0092\u00e2\u0088\u009eSnlimn\u00e2\u0086\u0092\u00e2\u0088\u009eSn", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9368}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13137", "question_text": "Explain the reciprocal nature of the net chemical reactions for photosynthesis and respiration.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9053}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12479", "question_text": "Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as \u00e2\u0080\u009cafferent.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Motor fibers, or pathways, are referred to as \u00e2\u0080\u009cefferent.\u00e2\u0080\u009d What can you infer about the meaning of these two terms (afferent and efferent) in a structural or anatomical context?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9929}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05281", "question_text": "Using the result of the problem two problems prior, find the wavelength of light that produces fringes 7.50 mm apart on a screen 2.00 m from double slits separated by 0.120 mm (see [Figure 27.56](27-problems-exercises#import-auto- id1169737812263) ).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05319", "question_text": "Integrated Concepts If a polarizing filter reduces the intensity of polarized light to \\text{50}\\text{.}0\\% of its original value, by how much are the electric and magnetic fields reduced?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04690", "question_text": "The aqueous humor in a person\u2019s eye is exerting a force of 0.300 N on the 1\\text{.}\\text{10}\\text{-cm}^{2} area of the cornea. (a) What pressure is this in mm Hg? (b) Is this value within the normal range for pressures in the eye?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7915}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06676", "question_text": "A gas in a cylindrical closed container is adiabatically and quasi-statically expanded from a state _A_ (3 MPa, 2 L) to a state _B_ with volume of 6 L along the path 1.8\\ pV = \\text{constant}\\text{.} (a) Plot the path in the _pV_ plane. (b) Find the amount of work done by the gas and the change in the internal energy of the gas during the process.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.896}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23397", "question_text": "What is a saccade?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9669}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21824", "question_text": "The ________ secretes messenger hormones that direct the function of the rest of the endocrine glands.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9903}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08834", "question_text": "During which phase would penicillin, an antibiotic that inhibits cell-wall synthesis, be most effective?    A. death phase   B. lag phase   C. log phase   D. stationary phase", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9462}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17321", "question_text": "Why are quasars generally so much more luminous (why do they put out so much more energy) than active galaxies?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9832}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21638", "question_text": "This characteristic of a bureaucracy suggests people are to be treated fairly and impartiality, without regard to a person\u00e2\u0080\u0099s social status or political party affiliation.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9668}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11518", "question_text": "What are the major benefits of gravitropism for a germinating seedling?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13694", "question_text": "Which of the following atoms and ions is (are) isoelectronic with S2+: Si4+, Cl3+, Ar, As3+, Si, Al3+?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21423", "question_text": "Which stage of the policy progress is the most important and why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8451}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09163", "question_text": "Match the graft with its description.  ___autograft | A. donor is a different species than the recipient   ---|---   ___allograft | B. donor and recipient are the same individual   ___xenograft | C. donor is an identical twin of the recipient   ___isograft | D. donor is the same species as the recipient, but genetically different", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11577", "question_text": "The cell found in bone that breaks it down is called an ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5772}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03550", "question_text": "Determine the oxidation number of each element in each of the following compounds: (a) HCN (b) OF 2 (c) AsCl 3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6084}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14641", "question_text": "Is it possible for a complex of a metal in the transition series to have six unpaired electrons? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6745}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00803", "question_text": "If the compacted trash used to build Mount Holly on average has a density 400{\\ \\text{lb/ft}}^{3}, find the amount of work required to build the mountain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19455", "question_text": "Data science is a combination of what domains?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10351", "question_text": "Solve the formula A = \\frac{1}{2}bh for h\\text{:}    A. \u24d0 when A=1716A=1716 and b=66b=66   B. \u24d1 in general", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9909}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16044", "question_text": "If an engine were constructed to perform such that there would be no losses due to friction, what would be its efficiency?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.935}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14648", "question_text": "Would you expect salts of the gold(I) ion, Au+, to be colored? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9838}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17975", "question_text": "A market researcher wants to see if two different stores have the same distribution of sales throughout the year. What type of test should they use?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8839}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08036", "question_text": "If the maximum speed of the mass attached to a spring, oscillating on a frictionless table, was increased, what characteristics of the rotating disk would need to be changed?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9144}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08111", "question_text": "Two sinusoidal waves are moving through a medium in the same direction, both having amplitudes of 3.00 cm, a wavelength of 5.20 m, and a period of 6.52 s, but one has a phase shift of an angle \\phi . What is the phase shift if the resultant wave has an amplitude of 5.00 cm? [ _Hint:_ Use the trig identity \\text{sin}\\ u + \\text{sin}\\ v = 2\\ \\text{sin}\\left( \\frac{u + v}{2} \\right)\\text{cos}\\left( \\frac{u - v}{2} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9213}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21108", "question_text": "According to the Great Compromise, how would representation in Congress be apportioned? Each state would have equal representation in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.Congress would be a unicameral legislature with each state receiving equal representation.Representation in the House of Representatives would be based on each state\u00e2\u0080\u0099s population and every state would have two senators.Representation in both the House of Representatives and the Senate would be based on a state\u00e2\u0080\u0099s population.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.726}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12857", "question_text": "Which of these processes occurs throughout most of the alimentary canal?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7927}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01010", "question_text": "y + 16 = -9", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8566}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15932", "question_text": "You know the height from which an object is dropped. Which equation could you use to calculate the velocity as the object hits the ground?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11908", "question_text": "Which of the following biomes is characterized by abundant water resources?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24191", "question_text": "Which of the following wasnota result of Dunmore\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Proclamation? Enslaved people joined Dunmore to fight for the British.A majority of enslaved people in the colonies won their freedom.Patriot forces increased their commitment to independence.Both slaveholding and non-slaveholding White people feared a rebellion.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4261}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02931", "question_text": "Classify the following as acid-base reactions or oxidation-reduction reactions: (a) \\text{Na}_{2}\\text{S}(aq) + 2\\text{HCl}(aq)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ 2\\text{NaCl}(aq) + \\text{H}_{2}\\text{S}(g) (b) 2\\text{Na}(s) + 2\\text{HCl}(aq)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ 2\\text{NaCl}(aq) + \\text{H}_{2}(g) (c) \\text{Mg}(s) + \\text{Cl}_{2}(g)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{MgCl}_{2}(s) (d) \\text{MgO}(s) + 2\\text{HCl}(aq)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{MgCl}_{2}(aq) + \\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(l) (e) \\text{K}_{3}\\text{P}(s) + 2\\text{O}_{2}(g)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{K}_{3}\\text{PO}_{4}(s) (f) 3\\text{KOH}(aq) + \\text{H}_{3}\\text{PO}_{4}(aq)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{K}_{3}\\text{PO}_{4}(aq) + 3\\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(l)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9762}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10117", "question_text": "25 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 29 , 19 , 18 , 32", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4297}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16317", "question_text": "Can an insulating material be used to charge a conductor? If so, how? If not, why not?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6444}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10939", "question_text": "Describe how the duplicated bacterial chromosomes are distributed into new daughter cells without the direction of the mitotic spindle.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22982", "question_text": "What is the growth cone primarily responsible for during neurodevelopment?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9725}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04644", "question_text": "What force does the nail puller in [Exercise 9.19](9-problems-exercises#fs- id3038577) exert on the supporting surface? The nail puller has a mass of 2.10 kg.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8133}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02491", "question_text": "State the domain, vertical asymptote, and end behavior of the function f(x) = \\log_{5}\\left( {39 - 13x} \\right) + 7.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25270", "question_text": "Discuss how the business model canvas can help an entrepreneur create a framework for generating sales. Think of a business you like and describe how it generates sales.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9679}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10352", "question_text": "y^{2} + 8y - 20", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7696}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16733", "question_text": "Explain how the Doppler effect works for sound waves and give some familiar examples.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9277}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19630", "question_text": "What is Kubectl and what is it used for?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9886}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27083", "question_text": "Which communication technique is most effective for the nurse to use when communicating with a client with hearing impairment?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.414}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16152", "question_text": "How does the \"decibel\" get its name?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5657}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26436", "question_text": "Find the value of the sample size needed to be 90%  confident that the sample proportion and the population proportion are within 4% of each other.  The sample proportion is 0.60.  Note:  Round all fractions up forn.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5012}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24597", "question_text": "During the 1976 election campaign, Jimmy Carter famously promised ________. that he would never start a warthat he would never be unfaithful to his wifethat he had never smoked marijuanathat he would never lie", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.2984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02154", "question_text": "9x^{2} + y^{2} = 9", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13880", "question_text": "A cylinder of O2(g) used in breathing by patients with emphysema has a volume of 3.00 L at a pressure of 10.0 atm. If the temperature of the cylinder is 28.0 \u00c2\u00b0C, what mass of oxygen is in the cylinder?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7135}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12988", "question_text": "How does lack of protein in the blood cause edema?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7782}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01014", "question_text": "Four less than n is 13.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6666}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09328", "question_text": "Lyme disease is characterized by a(n) ________ that forms at the site of infection.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9942}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15159", "question_text": "If you wish to store a large amount of energy in a capacitor bank, would you connect capacitors in series or parallel? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6514}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16222", "question_text": "In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum would you find radiation that is invisible to the human eye and has low energy?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.99}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11331", "question_text": "How does a haplontic plant population maintain genetic diversity?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8209}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12686", "question_text": "In preparation for a scheduled surgery, a patient visits the hospital lab for a blood draw. The technician collects a blood sample and performs a test to determine its type. She places a sample of the patient\u00e2\u0080\u0099s blood in two wells. To the first well she adds anti-A antibody. To the second she adds anti-B antibody. Both samples visibly agglutinate. Has the technician made an error, or is this a normal response? If normal, what blood type does this indicate?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9941}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23527", "question_text": "Based on your observations, when are adolescents more likely to listen to their parents or to their peer groups when making decisions? What types of dilemmas lend themselves toward one social agent over another?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15943", "question_text": "Which statement correctly describes the simple machines, like the crank in the image, that make up an Archimedes screw and the forces it applies?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08647", "question_text": "Which of the following developed a set of postulates for determining whether a particular disease is caused by a particular pathogen?    A. John Snow   B. Robert Koch   C. Joseph Lister   D. Louis Pasteur", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8194}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15467", "question_text": "What do the three types of beta decay have in common that is distinctly different from alpha decay?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01023", "question_text": "-9(d - 2) - 15 = -24", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5114}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02848", "question_text": "Convert the temperature of the coldest area in a freezer, \u221210 \u00b0F, to degrees Celsius and kelvin.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11348", "question_text": "Why did land plants lose some of the accessory pigments present in brown and red algae?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9881}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13849", "question_text": "Explain how the volume of the bubbles exhausted by a scuba diver (Figure 9.16) change as they rise to the surface, assuming that they remain intact.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9417}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22621", "question_text": "Explain the difference between experiential learning and informal education and the connection between them.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14245", "question_text": "Calculate the pH and the pOH of each of the following solutions at 25 \u00c2\u00b0C for which the substances ionize completely: (a) 0.200MHCl (b) 0.0143MNaOH (c) 3.0MHNO3 (d) 0.0031MCa(OH)2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18470", "question_text": "As captain of your intramural softball team, you are responsible for setting the 10-person batting order for the team. If there are 12 people on the team, how many batting orders are possible?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9931}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20464", "question_text": "As the extent of environmental protection expands, would you expect marginal costs of environmental protection to rise or fall? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11150", "question_text": "How does the scientific meaning of \u00e2\u0080\u009ctheory\u00e2\u0080\u009d differ from the common vernacular meaning?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21899", "question_text": "Please generate a novel example of how just noticeable difference can change as a function of stimulus intensity.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9071}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00788", "question_text": "Find the differential dz of h\\left( {x,y} \\right) = 4x^{2} + 2xy - 3y and approximate \\text{\u0394}z at the point \\left( {1,-2} \\right). Let \\text{\u0394}x = 0.1 and \\text{\u0394}y = 0.01.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07485", "question_text": "At a particular instant, a hot air balloon is 100 m in the air and descending at a constant speed of 2.0 m/s. At this exact instant, a girl throws a ball horizontally, relative to herself, with an initial speed of 20 m/s. When she lands, where will she find the ball? Ignore air resistance.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25614", "question_text": "What were SuperDOT and SOES, and what were they designed to do?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5734}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09209", "question_text": "Warts are caused by    A. human papillomavirus.   B. herpes simplex virus.   C. adenoviruses.   D. parvovirus B19.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21068", "question_text": "What are some ways that governments can help people who lose from trade?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02095", "question_text": "\\text{log}_{x}125 = 3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5364}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01679", "question_text": "\\frac{3}{4}x - 5 \\geq -2 and   -3\\left( {x + 1} \\right) \\geq 6", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4127}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10198", "question_text": "Brenda borrowed \\text{\\$400} from her brother. Two years later, she repaid the \\text{\\$400} plus \\text{\\$50} interest. What was the rate of interest?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9641}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08464", "question_text": "2\\mspace{9mu}\\sin^{2}x - \\sin\\; x = 0", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5856}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18884", "question_text": "Find surface area of the catenoidy=cosh(x)y=cosh(x)fromx=\u00e2\u0088\u00921x=\u00e2\u0088\u00921tox=1x=1that is created by rotating this curve around thex-axis.x-axis.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01333", "question_text": "36a^{2} - 84ab + 49b^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7557}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05917", "question_text": "The spacing between crystalline planes in the NaCl crystal is 0.281 nm, as determined by X-ray diffraction with X-rays of wavelength 0.170 nm. What is the energy of neutrons in the neutron beam that produces diffraction peaks at the same locations as the peaks obtained with the X-rays?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7353}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02800", "question_text": "A bowl of candy holds 16 peppermint, 14 butterscotch, and 10 strawberry flavored candies. Suppose a person grabs a handful of 7 candies. What is the percent chance that exactly 3 are butterscotch? (Show calculations and round to the nearest tenth of a percent.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02973", "question_text": "How much heat, in joules and in calories, is required to heat a 28.4-g (1-oz) ice cube from \u221223.0 \u00b0C to \u22121.0 \u00b0C?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8322}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08651", "question_text": "Which of the following terms refers to a bacterial cell having a single tuft of flagella at one end?    A. monotrichous   B. amphitrichous   C. peritrichous   D. lophotrichous", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7676}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15346", "question_text": "Geometric optics describes the interaction of light with macroscopic objects. Why, then, is it correct to use geometric optics to analyse a microscope\u00e2\u0080\u0099s image?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7761}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15862", "question_text": "Explain why the string, pins, and pencil method works for drawing an ellipse.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26494", "question_text": "The nurse is analyzing a popular diet plan with a client. Which of the following information would cause the nurse to question the validity of the presented diet?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10975", "question_text": "If black and white true-breeding mice are mated and the result is all gray offspring, what inheritance pattern would this be indicative of?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26609", "question_text": "The nurse is educating a client on how to eat heart healthy. The client tells the nurse that their typical meal consists of traditional Mexican foods. Which meal chosen would indicate the client understands the instruction?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26462", "question_text": "Define the Correlation Coefficient and give a unique example of its use.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6544}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05362", "question_text": "What is the binding energy in eV of electrons in magnesium, if the longest- wavelength photon that can eject electrons is 337 nm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7843}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03342", "question_text": "What property of a reaction can we use to predict the effect of a change in temperature on the value of an equilibrium constant?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24622", "question_text": "Unwarranted wiretapping in the United States was conducted by ________. the FBIthe CIAtheNew York Timesthe NSA", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7905}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18407", "question_text": "An installment loan with monthly payments has an outstanding balance of $3,560. If the annual interest rate is 9%, how much interest will be paid that month?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7656}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11926", "question_text": "Humans have which type of survivorship curve?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10106", "question_text": "0.45v = -40.5\\quad   \u24d0 \\ v = -18.225\\ \u24d1 \\ v = -90", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6712}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23083", "question_text": "Which of the following protective mechanisms is NOT triggered when solitary chemosensory cells are stimulated by acyl-homoserine lactones?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9754}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24824", "question_text": "Why does William Baxter adopt an anthropocentric environmental ethic?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6175}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02325", "question_text": "Passes through the points \\left( {- 4,2} \\right) and \\left( {5,-3} \\right).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9482}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19321", "question_text": "What is the two\u00e2\u0080\u0099s complement of the binary number 11100101?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03225", "question_text": "Explain why ice, which is a crystalline solid, has a melting temperature of 0 \u00b0C, whereas butter, which is an amorphous solid, softens over a range of temperatures.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8775}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16995", "question_text": "Summarize the evidence indicating that over several hundreds of years or more there have been variations in the level of the solar activity.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25225", "question_text": "An agreement between an individual employee and a company that states that innovations belong to the company, even if an individual makes substantial contributions. nondisclosure agreementwork-for-hire agreementnoncompete clausepatent", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9229}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05516", "question_text": "It is estimated that weapons tests in the atmosphere have deposited approximately 9 MCi of {}^{\\text{90}}\\text{Sr} on the surface of the earth. Find the mass of this amount of {}^{\\text{90}}\\text{Sr} .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20788", "question_text": "The GDP for the United States is $18,036 billion and its current account balance is \u00e2\u0080\u0093$484 billion. What percent of GDP is the current account balance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9929}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22032", "question_text": "Which of the following findings was not a result of the Kinsey study? Sexual desire and sexual ability can be separate functions.Females enjoy sex as much as males.Sexual acts between members of the same gender are fairly common.Masturbation has no adverse consequences.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26286", "question_text": "LO11.5How does the size of the initial investment affect the internal rate of return on the net present value models?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05723", "question_text": "A 5.08-cm-long rectangular glass chamber is inserted into one arm of a Michelson interferometer using a 633-nm light source. This chamber is initially filled with air (n = 1.000293) at standard atmospheric pressure but the air is gradually pumped out using a vacuum pump until a near perfect vacuum is achieved. How many fringes are observed moving by during the transition?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19872", "question_text": "Why is it important to consider ethical issues when performing penetration tests?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9905}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19189", "question_text": "How do neural networks recognize objects in images?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18843", "question_text": "y=3x2\u00e2\u0088\u00922x+1y=3x2\u00e2\u0088\u00922x+1over[\u00e2\u0088\u00921,1][\u00e2\u0088\u00921,1]", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9652}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25214", "question_text": "What are some ways you can determine the true root cause of a problem and not just its symptoms?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06557", "question_text": "(a) Suppose a cold front blows into your locale and drops the temperature by 40.0 Fahrenheit degrees. How many degrees Celsius does the temperature decrease when it decreases by 40.0\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{F} ? (b) Show that any change in temperature in Fahrenheit degrees is nine-fifths the change in Celsius degrees", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18975", "question_text": "f(x)=x3\u00e2\u0088\u00922x2+4,a=\u00e2\u0088\u00923f(x)=x3\u00e2\u0088\u00922x2+4,a=\u00e2\u0088\u00923", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6083}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12369", "question_text": "Which of the following properties isnotcommon to all three muscle tissues?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9562}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21689", "question_text": "A state both exercises and bestows power when it recognizes another state\u00e2\u0080\u0099s ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9739}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02294", "question_text": "Passes through the point \\left( {- 3,4} \\right) and is parallel to the graph y = \\frac{2}{3}x + 5.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9622}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21477", "question_text": "Motivated reasoning is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9737}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14065", "question_text": "Assuming ideal solution behavior, what is the boiling point of a solution of NaCl in water if the solution freezes at \u00e2\u0088\u00920.93 \u00c2\u00b0C?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04150", "question_text": "[LO 4.2](4-2-discuss-the-adjustment-process-and-illustrate-common-types-of- adjusting-entries) Rent paid in advance is an example of which of the following?    A. accrued expense   B. accrued revenue   C. deferred expense (prepaid expense)   D. deferred revenue (unearned revenue)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9447}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19612", "question_text": "What is an example of a cloud service model defined by NIST?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01524", "question_text": "m^{2} - 40 = 0", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7202}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26665", "question_text": "An older adult reports a problem with constipation. Which dietary recommendation is appropriate for this client?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9705}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01435", "question_text": "\\sqrt{-36}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9263}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11185", "question_text": "The transfer of genes by a mechanism not involving reproduction is called:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8406}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16768", "question_text": "What are the three basic components of a modern astronomical instrument? Describe each in one to two sentences.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26379", "question_text": "What does the shaded area represent?P(___<x< ___) Figure5.31", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9846}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03519", "question_text": "Consider a battery with the overall reaction: \\text{Cu}(s) + 2\\text{Ag}^{\\text{+}}(aq)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{2Ag}(s) + \\text{Cu}^{2+}(aq). (a) What is the reaction at the anode and cathode? (b) A battery is \u201cdead\u201d when its cell potential is zero. What is the value of _Q_ when this battery is dead? (c) If a particular dead battery was found to have [Cu 2+ ] = 0.11 _M_ , what was the concentration of silver ion?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17447", "question_text": "Construct a frequency polygon from the frequency distribution for the 50 highest ranked countries for depth of hunger. Depth of HungerFrequency230\u00e2\u0080\u009325921260\u00e2\u0080\u009328913290\u00e2\u0080\u00933195320\u00e2\u0080\u00933497350\u00e2\u0080\u00933791380\u00e2\u0080\u00934091410\u00e2\u0080\u00934391Table2.47", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25838", "question_text": "LO7.4Can a sales journal be used to record sales on account and a cash sale? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7846}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25913", "question_text": "LO10.5What insights can be gained from inventory ratio analysis, such as inventory turnover ratio and number of days\u00e2\u0080\u0099 sales in inventory ratio?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23427", "question_text": "Studying sociology helps people analyze data because they learn:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22796", "question_text": "Briefly describe the three concepts that Peck added to Erikson\u00e2\u0080\u0099s stage of integrity versus despair.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14463", "question_text": "Carbon dioxide decomposes into CO and O2at elevated temperatures. What is the equilibrium partial pressure of oxygen in a sample at 1000 \u00c2\u00b0C for which the initial pressure of CO2was 1.15 atm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8795}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25164", "question_text": "DICEE is a model for ________ that focuses on going beyond problem solving to get at the underlying qualities of what makes certain new products \u00e2\u0080\u009csticky\u00e2\u0080\u009d in ways that make people true fans. creativity in practiceinnovative productsinventionsbuilding creative teams", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9831}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25307", "question_text": "What are some of the realities of business ownership?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9794}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19152", "question_text": "y\u00e2\u0080\u00b3\u00e2\u0088\u00923y+2y=cos(t)y\u00e2\u0080\u00b3\u00e2\u0088\u00923y+2y=cos(t)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5089}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24270", "question_text": "The winner of the 1840 election was ________. a Democrata Democratic-Republicanan Anti-Federalista Whig", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5475}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14258", "question_text": "Gastric juice, the digestive fluid produced in the stomach, contains hydrochloric acid, HCl. Milk of Magnesia, a suspension of solid Mg(OH)2in an aqueous medium, is sometimes used to neutralize excess stomach acid. Write a complete balanced equation for the neutralization reaction, and identify the conjugate acid-base pairs.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9008}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15263", "question_text": "When a magnet is thrust into a coil as inFigure 23.4(a), what is the direction of the force exerted by the coil on the magnet? Draw a diagram showing the direction of the current induced in the coil and the magnetic field it produces, to justify your response. How does the magnitude of the force depend on the resistance of the galvanometer?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6503}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05605", "question_text": "If a polarizing filter reduces the intensity of polarized light to 50.0\\text{\\%} of its original value, by how much are the electric and magnetic fields reduced?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15420", "question_text": "Why don\u00e2\u0080\u0099t we feel the momentum of sunlight when we are on the beach?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25597", "question_text": "If a savings account pays interest on a quarterly basis and you are performing future value calculations on deposited amounts, how can you calculate the rate?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7111}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08359", "question_text": "A deficit is ________.    A. the overall amount owed by government for past borrowing   B. the annual budget shortfall between revenues and expenditures   C. the cancellation of an entitlement program   D. all the above", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9866}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16089", "question_text": "How can you express the proportion of thermal energy lost by a heat engine?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9437}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06883", "question_text": "Calculate the electric field of an infinite line charge, throughout space.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22289", "question_text": "Describe three behaviors or activities that promote a healthy pregnancy and explain why they matter.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8349}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17385", "question_text": "Why is life unlikely to be found on the surface of Mars today?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.629}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11074", "question_text": "Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the genes in prokaryotic cells are:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9121}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15734", "question_text": "A ball travels from north to south at 60 km/h. After being hit by a bat, it travels from west to east at 60 km/h. Is there a change in velocity?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9426}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11056", "question_text": "The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7546}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03892", "question_text": "What is the total amount of interest from a $5,000 loan after three years with a simple interest rate of 6%?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8114}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12908", "question_text": "Which molecule produces the most ATP?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08319", "question_text": "President Theodore Roosevelt\u2019s concept of the bully pulpit was the office\u2019s ________.    A. authority to use force, especially military force   B. constitutional power to veto legislation   C. premier position to pressure through public appeal   D. ability to use technology to enhance the voice of the president", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9822}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19600", "question_text": "Consider our start-up company and our goal of growth. Our new clients say that they will only use Apple devices. How can we accelerate development of their front-end web application?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9215}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25260", "question_text": "What are the steps in the sales process?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8317}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15387", "question_text": "How could you travel far into the future without aging significantly? Could this method also allow you to travel into the past?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9186}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01532", "question_text": "\\left( {m - 7} \\right)^{2} + 6 = 30", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8784}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23308", "question_text": "If the ________ nerve is severed, an animal would not receive information about stomach stretch from nerve endings surrounding the stomach.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25609", "question_text": "Briefly describe the main type of scenario in which the two-stage DDM approach might be used to value a firm and its stock.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26957", "question_text": "A client is being discharged on a glucocorticosteroid drug for a flare-up of rheumatoid arthritis. Which instruction should the nurse give to the client?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04344", "question_text": "[LO 13.3](13-3-prepare-journal-entries-to-reflect-the-life-cycle-of-bonds) Does interest expense increase or decrease when a bond premium is amortized?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04203", "question_text": "[LO 6.6](6-6-describe-and-prepare-multi-step-and-simple-income-statements-for- merchandising-companies) The following is select account information for Sunrise Motors. Sales: $256,400; Sales Returns and Allowances: $34,890; COGS: $120,470; Sales Discounts: $44,\u0338. Given this information, what is the Gross Profit Margin Ratio for Sunrise Motors? (Round to the nearest whole percentage.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4235}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25217", "question_text": "Identify the correct terms used in this text for setting SMART goals. specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time-boundspecific, marketable, attainable, relevant, time-boundspecific, measurable, achievable, relevant, timelyspecific, measurable, attractive, relevant, time-bound", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.852}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14153", "question_text": "Benzene is one of the compounds used as octane enhancers in unleaded gasoline. It is manufactured by the catalytic conversion of acetylene to benzene:3C2H2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cC6H6(g).3C2H2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cC6H6(g).Which value ofKcwould make this reaction most useful commercially?Kc\u00e2\u0089\u0088 0.01,Kc\u00e2\u0089\u0088 1, orKc\u00e2\u0089\u0088 10. Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9674}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06039", "question_text": "What impact does an increasing magnetic field have on the critical temperature of a semiconductor?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9735}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25356", "question_text": "Explain the purpose and importance of business plan.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16094", "question_text": "With reference to waves, what is a trough?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9781}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02653", "question_text": "**_b_** = \u22123 **_i_** \u2212 **_j_**", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8175}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03411", "question_text": "What is [H 3 O + ] in a solution of 0.25 _M_ CH 3 CO 2 H and 0.030 _M_ NaCH 3 CO 2 ?   \\text{CH}_{3}\\text{CO}_{2}\\text{H}(aq) + \\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(l)\\ \\rightleftharpoons\\ \\text{H}_{3}\\text{O}^{\\text{+}}(aq) + \\text{CH}_{3}\\text{CO}_{2}{}^{\\text{\u2212}}(aq)\\mspace{90mu} K_{\\text{a}} = 1.8\\ \\times \\ 10^{-5}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10289", "question_text": "4{({3.5y + 0.25})} = 365", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6848}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14005", "question_text": "When an electron in an excited molybdenum atom falls from the L to the K shell, an X-ray is emitted. These X-rays are diffracted at an angle of 7.75\u00c2\u00b0 by planes with a separation of 2.64 \u00c3\u0085. What is the difference in energy between the K shell and the L shell in molybdenum assuming a first order diffraction?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9803}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25305", "question_text": "How can an entrepreneur learn from failures?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4475}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09725", "question_text": "True or false? Milton Friedman\u2019s economic philosophy advocates increased government regulation to ensure that corporations are socially responsible.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10035", "question_text": "\\frac{-1\\frac{5}{6}}{- \\frac{1}{12}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8694}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09517", "question_text": "[LO 5.2](5-2-explain-and-identify-conversion-costs) How can there be a different number of equivalent units for materials as compared to conversion costs?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9594}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23498", "question_text": "Mary works full-time at an office downtown while her young children stay at a neighbor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s house. She\u00e2\u0080\u0099s just learned that the childcare provider is leaving the country.  Mary has succumbed to pressure to volunteer at her church, plus her ailing mother-in-law will be moving in with her next month. Which of the following is likely to occur as Mary tries to balance her existing and new responsibilities?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9361}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15409", "question_text": "If you pick up and shake a piece of metal that has electrons in it free to move as a current, no electrons fall out. Yet if you heat the metal, electrons can be boiled off. Explain both of these facts as they relate to the amount and distribution of energy involved with shaking the object as compared with heating it.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21836", "question_text": "The body\u00e2\u0080\u0099s biological clock is located in the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5129}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13783", "question_text": "There are three possible structures for PCl2F3with phosphorus as the central atom. Draw them and discuss how measurements of dipole moments could help distinguish among them.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.798}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15670", "question_text": "How can you use the definition of acceleration to explain the units in which acceleration is measured?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22411", "question_text": "Analyze the factors that influence brain development during early childhood. Consider the roles of nutrition, sleep, stress, and exposure to stimulating activities. How do these factors contribute to cognitive and emotional development? Use examples from the text to illustrate your points. Based on this evidence, as a pediatrician, what recommendations would you make to parents who wish to ensure optimal cognitive and physical development for their child?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9584}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24517", "question_text": "Which of the following wasnota key factor in the conditions that led to the Dust Bowl? previous overcultivation of farmlanddecreasing American demand for farm produceunfavorable weather conditionspoor farming techniques regarding proper irrigation and acreage rotation", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9572}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07481", "question_text": "A bullet is shot horizontally from shoulder height (1.5 m) with an initial speed 200 m/s. (a) How much time elapses before the bullet hits the ground? (b) How far does the bullet travel horizontally?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7049}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04338", "question_text": "[LO 13.1](13-1-explain-the-pricing-of-long-term-liabilities) What is a junk bond?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8811}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02068", "question_text": "\\frac{9}{4}y^{2} - 3y + 1 = 0", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6267}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19206", "question_text": "What shape in a flowchart represents a decision point?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9893}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19404", "question_text": "Consider our startup company that is 100% committed to leveraging innovative technologies as a business growth facilitator. Describe how it could leverage OS technology obsolescence. Give some precise examples and explain how the startup would be able to scale this approach.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8046}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14438", "question_text": "Use the standard entropy data inAppendix Gto determine the change in entropy for each of the following reactions. All the processes occur at the standard conditions and 25 \u00c2\u00b0C. (a)MnO2(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Mn(s)+O2(g)MnO2(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Mn(s)+O2(g) (b)H2(g)+Br2(l)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62HBr(g)H2(g)+Br2(l)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62HBr(g) (c)Cu(s)+S(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CuS(s)Cu(s)+S(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CuS(s) (d)2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Li2CO3(s)+H2O(g)2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Li2CO3(s)+H2O(g) (e)CH4(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6C(s,graphite)+2H2O(g)CH4(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6C(s,graphite)+2H2O(g) (f)CS2(g)+3Cl2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CCl4(g)+S2Cl2(g)CS2(g)+3Cl2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CCl4(g)+S2Cl2(g)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5166}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20552", "question_text": "How does the poverty trap discourage people from working?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9503}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15045", "question_text": "On cold, clear nights horses will sleep under the cover of large trees. How does this help them keep warm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9472}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19564", "question_text": "What is a web application framework?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23598", "question_text": "How have digital media changed social interactions? Do you believe it has deepened or weakened human connections? Defend your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04679", "question_text": "Gold is sold by the troy ounce (31.103 g). What is the volume of 1 troy ounce of pure gold?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9839}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15890", "question_text": "What is the equation for linear momentum?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9817}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18330", "question_text": "Find thex- andy-intercepts on the graph.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09487", "question_text": "[LO 4.1](4-1-distinguish-between-job-order-costing-and-process-costing) Which of the following product situations is better suited to job order costing than to process costing?    A. Each product batch is exactly the same as the prior batch.   B. The costs are easily traced to a specific product.   C. Costs are accumulated by department.   D. The value of work in process is based on assigning standard costs.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12525", "question_text": "Which region of gray matter in the spinal cord contains motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10800", "question_text": "An allosteric inhibitor does which of the following?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7662}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09276", "question_text": "Based on its shape, which microbe is this?  Figure 23.26 (credit: modification of work by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)    A. _Neisseria gonorrhoeae_   B. _Chlamydia trachomatis_   C. _Treponema pallidum_   D. _Haemophilis ducreyi_", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9181}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19676", "question_text": "What is Kubernetes (K8S) service and how does it benefit users?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26156", "question_text": "LO6.5Why is absorption costing the method allowable for GAAP?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6813}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14503", "question_text": "Consider a battery with the overall reaction:Cu(s)+2Ag+(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62Ag(s)+Cu2+(aq).Cu(s)+2Ag+(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62Ag(s)+Cu2+(aq). (a) What is the reaction at the anode and cathode? (b) A battery is \u00e2\u0080\u009cdead\u00e2\u0080\u009d when its cell potential is zero. What is the value ofQwhen this battery is dead? (c) If a particular dead battery was found to have [Cu2+] = 0.11M, what was the concentration of silver ion?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07163", "question_text": "Suppose the magnetic field of the preceding problem oscillates with time according to B = B_{0}\\ \\text{sin}\\ \\omega t. What then is the emf induced in the loop when its trailing side is a distance _d_ from the right edge of the magnetic field region?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26416", "question_text": "A company has 800 employees.  The average number of workdays between absence for illness is 123 with a standard deviation of 14 days.  Samples of 50 employees are examined.  What is the probability a sample has a mean of workdays with no absence for illness of at least 124 days?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22143", "question_text": "What role could a flight simulator play in the design of a new aircraft?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5726}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13112", "question_text": "Why does osmosis occur?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9838}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26025", "question_text": "LO15.5When a partnership liquidates, do partners get paid first or do creditors get paid first?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9152}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14542", "question_text": "Write a balanced equation for the reaction of elemental boron with each of the following (most of these reactions require high temperature): (a) F2 (b) O2 (c) S (d) Se (e) Br2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06531", "question_text": "The UTSA not only prohibits the actual disclosure or use of a trade secret, it also protects against the \u201cthreatened\u201d disclosure of trade secrets. When might a court intervene to stop a \u201cthreatened\u201d disclosure before the actual disclosure takes place?    A. An employee goes to work for another company in a different industry.   B. An employee caught embezzling is fired and the employer believes the same lack of morals will lead to the fired employee disclosing trade secrets.   C. An employee goes to work for an arch competitor in a comparable job position.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8489}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14995", "question_text": "If you lower the window on a car while moving, an empty plastic bag can sometimes fly out the window. Why does this happen?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9921}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16212", "question_text": "What is the actual frequency of the wave produced as a result of superposition of two waves?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9543}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05460", "question_text": "(a) Write the complete \\beta^{-}{} decay equation for the neutron. (b) Find the energy released in the decay.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25649", "question_text": "Explain why diversification reduces unsystematic risk but not systematic risk.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9816}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12416", "question_text": "Which arrangementbestdescribes a bipennate muscle?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9173}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05113", "question_text": "What is the direction of the magnetic field that produces the magnetic force shown on the currents in each of the three cases in [Figure 22.52](22-problems-exercises#import-auto-id1166991855779) , assuming \\textbf{B} is perpendicular to \\textbf{I} ?  Figure 22.52", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4011}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13008", "question_text": "The buffer that is adjusted to control acid-base balance is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09998", "question_text": "5x - 10 = -35    A. \u24d0 x=\u22129x=\u22129   B. \u24d1 x=\u22125x=\u22125   C. \u24d2 x=5x=5", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9384}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10481", "question_text": "Which of the following is _not_ one of the rights the Bill of Rights guarantees?    A. the right to freedom of speech   B. the right to an education   C. the right to bear arms   D. the right to a trial by jury", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9729}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23315", "question_text": "Which neural population is involved in sensing blood osmolarity?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9449}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19651", "question_text": "Which infrastructure component of cloud computing provides users with the ability to gain access to a private computing environment?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9858}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11964", "question_text": "A re-created ecosystem in a laboratory environment is known as a ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.723}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26833", "question_text": "The health care provider has recommended that a client begin taking an anti-inflammatory drug to reduce the pain of osteoarthritis. Which medication does the nurse anticipate the provider will order?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07502", "question_text": "A boat can be rowed at 8.0 km/h in still water. (a) How much time is required to row 1.5 km downstream in a river moving 3.0 km/h relative to the shore? (b) How much time is required for the return trip? (c) In what direction must the boat be aimed to row straight across the river? (d) Suppose the river is 0.8 km wide. What is the velocity of the boat with respect to Earth and how much time is required to get to the opposite shore? (e) Suppose, instead, the boat is aimed straight across the river. How much time is required to get across and how far downstream is the boat when it reaches the opposite shore?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9885}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01575", "question_text": "y = -4x^{2} + 16x - 11", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4319}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19814", "question_text": "What is a statement that best characterizes the Agile software development process?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8936}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09268", "question_text": "Coccidioidomycosis may develop when _Coccidioides immitis_ _______ are inhaled.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04506", "question_text": "A 76.0-kg person is being pulled away from a burning building as shown in [Figure 4.40](4-problems-exercises#import-auto-id2677556) . Calculate the tension in the two ropes if the person is momentarily motionless. Include a free-body diagram in your solution.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25504", "question_text": "Examine the package of a product that you have in your pantry at home. Determine how the packaging aligns with the brand, protects the product, and displays value.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8914}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11402", "question_text": "Using the following terms, explain what classifications and groups humans fall into, from the most general to the most specific: symmetry, germ layers, coelom, cleavage, embryological development.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01343", "question_text": "2m^{3} + 54", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7944}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01051", "question_text": "Solve the formula V = LWH for H .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24682", "question_text": "What is the most central doctrine of Mohism, and how does it contrast to Confucian ethics?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09963", "question_text": "\\- x,\\ \\text{when}\\    A. \u24d0 x=32x=32   B. \u24d1 x=\u221232x=\u221232", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4384}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03355", "question_text": "A sample of ammonium chloride was heated in a closed container. \\text{NH}_{4}\\text{Cl}(s)\\rightleftharpoons\\text{NH}_{3}(g) + \\text{HCl}(g) At equilibrium, the pressure of NH 3 ( _g_ ) was found to be 1.75 atm. What is the value of the equilibrium constant _K P_ for the decomposition at this temperature?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9542}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08120", "question_text": "Two sinusoidal waves with identical wavelengths and amplitudes travel in opposite directions along a string producing a standing wave. The linear mass density of the string is \\mu = 0.075\\ \\text{kg/m} and the tension in the string is F_{T} = 5.00\\ \\text{N}. The time interval between instances of total destructive interference is \\text{\u0394}t = 0.13\\ \\text{s}. What is the wavelength of the waves?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5876}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24431", "question_text": "With farmers still representing a significant segment of American society, why did government officials\u00e2\u0080\u0094Democrats and Republicans alike\u00e2\u0080\u0094prove unwilling to help find solutions to farmers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 problems?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5773}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01817", "question_text": "\\left( {uv^{-3}} \\right)\\left( {u^{-4}v^{-2}} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7502}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16064", "question_text": "When does a real gas behave like an ideal gas?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8013}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02413", "question_text": "Use linear regression to determine a function _y_ , where the year depends on the population. Round to three decimal places of accuracy.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03682", "question_text": "If the average cost per gigabyte of RAM in 2010 is $12, find the average cost per gigabyte of RAM in 1980.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01292", "question_text": "1.5\\ \\times \\ 10^{10}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6296}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15935", "question_text": "Which statement explains how it is possible to carry books to school without changing the kinetic or potential energy of the books or doing any work?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9843}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01859", "question_text": "\\left( {10x^{2} - 3x + 5} \\right) - \\left( {4x^{2} - 6} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.954}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04024", "question_text": "What is the main advantage of automatic stabilizers over discretionary fiscal policy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9954}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04553", "question_text": "Earth is not a perfect sphere. Its radius as well as the value of _g_ vary with latitude. (a) Calculate Earth\u2019s mass given the acceleration due to gravity at the North Pole is 9.807\\ m\\text{/s}^{2} and the radius of the Earth at the pole is 6356.8 km.(b) Compare this with the accepted value of 5.972{\\times \\text{10}^{\\text{24}}}\\ \\text{kg} .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9037}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19104", "question_text": "\u00e2\u0088\u00ab\u00e2\u0088\u009211\u00e2\u0088\u00ab0z\u00e2\u0088\u00ab0x\u00e2\u0088\u0092z6dydxdz\u00e2\u0088\u00ab\u00e2\u0088\u009211\u00e2\u0088\u00ab0z\u00e2\u0088\u00ab0x\u00e2\u0088\u0092z6dydxdz", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7454}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13410", "question_text": "Which contains the greatest mass of oxygen: 0.75 mol of ethanol (C2H5OH), 0.60 mol of formic acid (HCO2H), or 1.0 mol of water (H2O)? Explain why.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7157}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24987", "question_text": "The _____ of the constitution offers the most extensive protection for businesses.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9182}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14249", "question_text": "Calculate the hydronium ion concentration and the hydroxide ion concentration in lime juice from its pH. SeeFigure 14.2for useful information.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04972", "question_text": "(a) Find the electric field at the center of the triangular configuration of charges in [Figure 18.50](18-problems-exercises#import-auto-id1427585) , given that q_{a}\\text{=+}2\\text{.}\\text{50}\\ \\text{nC} , {q_{b} = {- 8}}\\text{.}\\text{00}\\ \\text{nC} , and q_{c}\\text{=+}1\\text{.}\\text{50}\\ \\text{nC} . (b) Is there any combination of charges, other than {q_{a} = q_{b}} = q_{c} , that will produce a zero strength electric field at the center of the triangular configuration?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9907}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02207", "question_text": "5,10,15,20,25,30,\\text{\u2026}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4719}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22157", "question_text": "Studies of British civil servants have found that those in the lowest status jobs are much more likely to develop heart disease than those who have high status jobs. These findings attest to the importance of ________ in dealing with stress.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07199", "question_text": "Describe how the currents through R_{1}\\ \\text{and}\\ R_{2} shown below vary with time after switch S is closed.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17619", "question_text": "What isb? What does it represent?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8567}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03106", "question_text": "The molecule XF 3 has a dipole moment. Is X boron or phosphorus?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4872}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01448", "question_text": "\\sqrt{\\frac{y^{6}}{y^{2}}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7492}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09992", "question_text": "5(-9) - 3(-12)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4484}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24880", "question_text": "True or false? John Stuart Mill\u00e2\u0080\u0099s emphasis on human rights distinguishes him from Jeremy Bentham.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9913}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01542", "question_text": "r^{2} + 6r = -100", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5095}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01263", "question_text": "(a^{2} + 4b)(4a - b^{2})", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3794}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23429", "question_text": "Berger writes that sociology", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9751}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12431", "question_text": "What is the origin of the wrist flexors?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7218}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17907", "question_text": "A new WiFi range booster is being offered to consumers. A researcher tests the native range of 12 different routers under the same conditions. The ranges are recorded. Then the researcher uses the new WiFi range booster and records the new ranges. Does the new WiFi range booster do a better job?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5114}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23344", "question_text": "What technique helped researchers discover that microglia are constantly moving?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24950", "question_text": "As a judge, Baxter applies common law rules. These rules develop from:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08238", "question_text": "Which of the following rules has the Supreme Court said is an _undue burden_ on the right to have an abortion?    A. Women must make more than one visit to an abortion clinic before the procedure can be performed.   B. Minors must gain the consent of a parent or judge before seeking an abortion.   C. Women must notify their spouses before having an abortion.   D. Women must be informed of the health consequences of having an abortion.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8471}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09983", "question_text": "x - 7\\ \\text{when}\\    A. \u24d0 x=5x=5   B. \u24d1 x=\u22124x=\u22124", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5445}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02683", "question_text": "\\frac{1}{4}x^{2} + y^{2} < 4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3501}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01183", "question_text": "\\left\\\\{ \\begin{array}{l} {2x - y = 5} \\\\\\ {4x - 2y = 10} \\end{array} \\right.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9891}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00801", "question_text": "\\rho(x,y) = xy on the circle with radius 1 in the first quadrant only.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.616}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08933", "question_text": "More primers are used in lagging strand synthesis than in leading strand synthesis.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24695", "question_text": "How did Ibn Sina\u00e2\u0080\u0099s scientific approach differ from that of the Aristotle and the Epicureans?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08718", "question_text": "The plasma membrane of a protist is called the __________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9554}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21245", "question_text": "In which circumstance would the courts find libel?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.579}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06342", "question_text": "Which of the following organizations is _not_ an example of a social movement?    A. National Football League   B. Tea Party   C. Greenpeace   D. NAACP", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9176}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05841", "question_text": "Which surface has a higher temperature \u2013 the surface of a yellow star or that of a red star?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9892}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09387", "question_text": "f(x) = x^{2} + 3x + 4", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8437}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08768", "question_text": "Lipids are a naturally occurring group of substances that are not soluble in water but are freely soluble in organic solvents.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5782}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17533", "question_text": "In words, what isZORSZORS?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9923}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10345", "question_text": "A baseball diamond is shaped like a square with sides 90 feet long. How far is it from home plate to second base, as shown?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17290", "question_text": "What causes the largest mass-to-light ratio: gas and dust, dark matter, or stars that have burnt out?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9844}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16545", "question_text": "Do the carrier particles explain the loss of mass in nuclear decay?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9353}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21623", "question_text": "When governments are unable to pass major legislation and stalemates between competing parties occur, this is known as ____________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9826}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10775", "question_text": "Imagine a cell can perform exocytosis, but only minimal endocytosis. What would happen to the cell?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7073}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21237", "question_text": "When acting as an agenda setter, the media ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20087", "question_text": "A research study is being conducted to understand the opinions of people on the new city budget. The population consists of residents from different neighborhoods in the city with varying income levels. The following table provides the data of 130 participants randomly selected for the study, categorized by their neighborhood and income level.NeighborhoodIncome LevelNumber of ParticipantsNorthsideLow Income35SouthsideMiddle Income50EastsideHigh Income45Table2.12Neighborhood and Income level CategoryWhat sampling technique was used to collect this data?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9932}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14090", "question_text": "Under certain conditions the decomposition of ammonia on a metal surface gives the following data: [NH3] (M)1.0\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u009232.0\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u009233.0\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00923Rate (mol L\u00e2\u0088\u00921h\u00e2\u0088\u00921)1.5\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u009261.5\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u009261.5\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00926 Determine the rate law, the rate constant, and the overall order for this reaction.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9791}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01118", "question_text": "The sum of two consecutive odd integers is -\u00a0. Find the numbers.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05910", "question_text": "(a) Calculate the wavelength of a photon that has the same momentum as a proton moving with 1% of the speed of light in a vacuum. (b) What is the energy of this photon in MeV? (c) What is the kinetic energy of the proton in MeV?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23299", "question_text": "During an immediate threat to survival, what does allostasis allow an organism to do?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01890", "question_text": "24p^{2} + 54", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7679}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05022", "question_text": "If the 0.010-mm diameter tungsten filament in a light bulb is to have a resistance of \\text{0.200 \u03a9} at 20.00\u00ba\\text{C} , how long should it be?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12762", "question_text": "Which of the lymphoid nodules is most likely to see food antigens first?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20219", "question_text": "How can you locate the equilibrium point on a demand and supply graph?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12127", "question_text": "Contrast transcription and translation. Name at least three differences between the two processes.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9797}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02338", "question_text": "If f(x) = 1, then solve for x.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21135", "question_text": "Which statement about venue shopping is true?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7634}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05840", "question_text": "The sun produces energy at a rate of 3.85\\ \\times \\ 10^{26} W by the fusion of hydrogen. About 0.7% of each kilogram of hydrogen goes into the energy generated by the Sun. (a) How many kilograms of hydrogen undergo fusion each second? (b) If the sun is 90.0% hydrogen and half of this can undergo fusion before the sun changes character, how long could it produce energy at its current rate? (c) How many kilograms of mass is the sun losing per second? (d) What fraction of its mass will it have lost in the time found in part (b)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8658}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19917", "question_text": "What is the term for an environment that is owned by a specific community or cloud provider that is offering services to a specific community?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.823}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09938", "question_text": "The product of 4 and 8 is equal to 32.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7466}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06201", "question_text": "What does a Functionalist consider when studying a phenomenon like the Tea Party movement?    A. The minute functions that every person at the protests plays in the whole   B. The internal conflicts that play out within such a diverse and leaderless group   C. How the movement contributes to the stability of society by offering the discontented a safe, controlled outlet for dissension   D. The factions and divisions that form within the movement", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26736", "question_text": "A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the Na+K+ATPase pump. Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of this pump in maintaining cellular function?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04805", "question_text": "How many grams of coffee must evaporate from 350 g of coffee in a 100-g glass cup to cool the coffee from \\text{95}\\text{.}0\u00ba\\text{C} to \\text{45}\\text{.}0\u00ba\\text{C} ? You may assume the coffee has the same thermal properties as water and that the average heat of vaporization is 2340 kJ/kg (560 cal/g). (You may neglect the change in mass of the coffee as it cools, which will give you an answer that is slightly larger than correct.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02681", "question_text": "\\begin{array}{l} {x^{2} + y^{2} = 16} \\\\\\ {y = x - 8} \\end{array}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.856}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20807", "question_text": "Name some factors that could cause the SRAS curve to shift, and say whether they would shift SRAS to the right or to the left.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6349}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26304", "question_text": "LO12.2What are the six characteristics of a good performance measurement system?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6029}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07989", "question_text": "Is there a limit to the height to which an entrainment device can raise a fluid? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8003}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17610", "question_text": "What is the height off(x) for the continuous probability distribution?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4945}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23750", "question_text": "The majority of U.S. children live in:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.86}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22770", "question_text": "Why does dementia often go undiagnosed for some period of time?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02591", "question_text": "\\tan\\left( {\\sin^{- 1}(0) + \\sin^{- 1}\\left( \\frac{1}{2} \\right)} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.536}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04009", "question_text": "How would a contractionary monetary policy affect the exchange rate, net exports, aggregate demand, and aggregate supply?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9701}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03861", "question_text": "[Table 14.11](14-self-check-questions#Table_15_03) shows levels of employment (Labor), the marginal product at each of those levels, and a monopoly\u2019s marginal revenue.  Labor | Marginal Product of Labor | Price of the Product   ---|---|---   1 | 10 | $10   2 | 8 | $7   3 | 7 | $5   4 | 5 | $4   5 | 3 | $2   6 | 1 | $1   Table 14.11    A. What is the monopoly\u2019s marginal revenue product at each level of employment?   B. If the monopoly operates in a perfectly competitive labor market where the going market wage is $20, what is the firm\u2019s profit maximizing level of employment?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9797}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18754", "question_text": "log2(x+4)=3log2(x+4)=3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5785}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19750", "question_text": "What key topic in IS education explores the processes to connect computers and other technology to enable information sharing?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08246", "question_text": "Briefly describe the similarities and differences between the experiences of Native Americans and Native Hawaiians.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07819", "question_text": "A solid sphere of radius 10 cm is allowed to rotate freely about an axis. The sphere is given a sharp blow so that its center of mass starts from the position shown in the following figure with speed 15 cm/s. What is the maximum angle that the diameter makes with the vertical?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20510", "question_text": "Which of the following goods or services are nonexcludable?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9803}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01225", "question_text": "\\text{13a} + b", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5259}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01504", "question_text": "(36)^{- \\frac{1}{2}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8037}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16698", "question_text": "Explain how tidal forces are causing the Moon to slowly recede from Earth.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7852}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10469", "question_text": "Which of the following is _not_ true of a republic?    A. A republic has no hereditary ruling class.   B. A republic relies on the principle of popular sovereignty.   C. Representatives chosen by the people lead the republic.   D. A republic is governed by a monarch and the royal officials he or she appoints.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9665}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09067", "question_text": "Which of the following factors can lead to reemergence of a disease?    A. A mutation that allows it to infect humans   B. A period of decline in vaccination rates   C. A change in disease reporting procedures   D. Better education on the signs and symptoms of the disease", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9504}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08233", "question_text": "Explain the difference between the _establishment clause_ and the _free exercise clause_ , and explain how these two clauses work together to guarantee religious freedoms.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8153}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10919", "question_text": "Which molecule is a Cdk inhibitor that is controlled by p53?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16934", "question_text": "How are Triton and Pluto similar?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25904", "question_text": "LO10.1Explain why a company might want to utilize the gross profit method or the retail inventory method for inventory valuation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00959", "question_text": "83 \\cdot 0", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9894}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22696", "question_text": "Why is strength training an important activity as adults age?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12090", "question_text": "When you do a load of laundry, why do you not just drop a bar of soap into the washing machine? In other words, why is laundry detergent sold as a liquid or powder?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7503}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07108", "question_text": "Two long wires, one of which has a semicircular bend of radius _R_ , are positioned as shown in the accompanying figure. If both wires carry a current _I_ , how far apart must their parallel sections be so that the net magnetic field at P is zero? Does the current in the straight wire flow up or down?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9748}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25820", "question_text": "LO6.5You own your own outdoor recreation supply store. You are in the process of drafting a standard invoice agreement for customer sales conducted on credit. Create a sample sales invoice with the following minimum information listed: Your company informationDate of saleYour customer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s informationAn example product you sell with name, description, price per unit, and number of units soldTerms of sale including credit terms and shipping charges, with numerical figures for shipping chargesAny contract language necessary to further establish the terms of sale (for example, warranties, limitations on shipping, and returns) Write a reflection about your invoice choice, as it relates to format, terms, contract language, and pricing strategies. Conduct a comparison study to others in your industry (such asREI) to evaluate your choices. Make sure to support your decisions with concrete examples and research.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8388}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03212", "question_text": "Use the information in [Figure 10.24](10-3-phase-transitions) to estimate the boiling point of water in Denver when the atmospheric pressure is 83.3 kPa.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9942}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25716", "question_text": "LO3.1Explain what conservatism means, and give an example in your own words.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10805", "question_text": "Describe the position of the transition state on a vertical energy scale, from low to high, relative to the position of the reactants and products, for both endergonic and exergonic reactions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24579", "question_text": "How did the message of Black Power advocates differ from that of more mainstream civil rights activists such as Martin Luther King, Jr.?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25876", "question_text": "LO9.3What are some possible negative signals when the product of the accounts receivable turnover ratio is lower (i.e., fewer times)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9949}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14237", "question_text": "Identify and label the Br\u00c3\u00b8nsted-Lowry acid, its conjugate base, the Br\u00c3\u00b8nsted-Lowry base, and its conjugate acid in each of the following equations: (a)HNO3+H2O\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H3O++NO3\u00e2\u0088\u0092HNO3+H2O\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H3O++NO3\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (b)CN\u00e2\u0088\u0092+H2O\u00e2\u009f\u00b6HCN+OH\u00e2\u0088\u0092CN\u00e2\u0088\u0092+H2O\u00e2\u009f\u00b6HCN+OH\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (c)H2SO4+Cl\u00e2\u0088\u0092\u00e2\u009f\u00b6HCl+HSO4\u00e2\u0088\u0092H2SO4+Cl\u00e2\u0088\u0092\u00e2\u009f\u00b6HCl+HSO4\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (d)HSO4\u00e2\u0088\u0092+OH\u00e2\u0088\u0092\u00e2\u009f\u00b6SO42\u00e2\u0088\u0092+H2OHSO4\u00e2\u0088\u0092+OH\u00e2\u0088\u0092\u00e2\u009f\u00b6SO42\u00e2\u0088\u0092+H2O (e)O2\u00e2\u0088\u0092+H2O\u00e2\u009f\u00b62OH\u00e2\u0088\u0092O2\u00e2\u0088\u0092+H2O\u00e2\u009f\u00b62OH\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (f)[Cu(H2O)3(OH)]++[Al(H2O)6]3+\u00e2\u009f\u00b6[Cu(H2O)4]2++[Al(H2O)5(OH)]2+[Cu(H2O)3(OH)]++[Al(H2O)6]3+\u00e2\u009f\u00b6[Cu(H2O)4]2++[Al(H2O)5(OH)]2+ (g)H2S+NH2\u00e2\u0088\u0092\u00e2\u009f\u00b6HS\u00e2\u0088\u0092+NH3H2S+NH2\u00e2\u0088\u0092\u00e2\u009f\u00b6HS\u00e2\u0088\u0092+NH3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8801}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14341", "question_text": "Which of the following compounds precipitates from a solution that has the concentrations indicated? (SeeAppendix JforKspvalues.) (a) CaCO3: [Ca2+] = 0.003M,[CO32\u00e2\u0088\u0092][CO32\u00e2\u0088\u0092]= 0.003M (b) Co(OH)2: [Co2+] = 0.01M, [OH\u00e2\u0080\u0093] = 1\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0080\u00937M (c) CaHPO4: [Ca2+] = 0.01M,[HPO42\u00e2\u0088\u0092][HPO42\u00e2\u0088\u0092]= 2\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0080\u00936M (d) Pb3(PO4)2: [Pb2+] = 0.01M,[PO43\u00e2\u0088\u0092][PO43\u00e2\u0088\u0092]= 1\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0080\u009313M", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9724}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03609", "question_text": "Write the chemical formula and Lewis structure of the following, each of which contains five carbon atoms: (a) an alkane (b) an alkene (c) an alkyne", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6704}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24624", "question_text": "A subprime mortgage is ________. a high-risk, high-interest loana federal bailout for major banksa form of insurance on investmentsa form of political capital", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9638}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25107", "question_text": "Under which circumstances might a person choose to bootstrap a venture?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9042}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13108", "question_text": "The tails of the phospholipids of the plasma membrane are composed of _____ and are _______?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9473}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06733", "question_text": "A Carnot engine employs 1.5 mol of nitrogen gas as a working substance, which is considered as an ideal diatomic gas with \\gamma = 7/5 at the working temperatures of the engine. The Carnot cycle goes in the cycle _ABCDA_ with _AB_ being an isothermal expansion. The volume at points _A_ and _C_ of the cycle are 5.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{-3}\\ \\text{m}^{3} and 0.15 L, respectively. The engine operates between two thermal baths of temperature 500 K and 300 K. (a) Find the values of volume at _B_ and _D_ . (b) How much heat is absorbed by the gas in the _AB_ isothermal expansion? (c) How much work is done by the gas in the _AB_ isothermal expansion? (d) How much heat is given up by the gas in the _CD_ isothermal expansion? (e) How much work is done by the gas in the _CD_ isothermal compression? (f) How much work is done by the gas in the _BC_ adiabatic expansion? (g) How much work is done by the gas in the _DA_ adiabatic compression? (h) Find the value of efficiency of the engine based on the net work and heat input. Compare this value to the efficiency of a Carnot engine based on the temperatures of the two baths.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07335", "question_text": "In SI units, speeds are measured in meters per second (m/s). But, depending on where you live, you\u2019re probably more comfortable of thinking of speeds in terms of either kilometers per hour (km/h) or miles per hour (mi/h). In this problem, you will see that 1 m/s is roughly 4 km/h or 2 mi/h, which is handy to use when developing your physical intuition. More precisely, show that (a) 1.0\\ \\text{m/s} = 3.6\\ \\text{km/h} and (b) 1.0\\ \\text{m/s} = 2.2\\ \\text{mi/h}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9828}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11821", "question_text": "BUN is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4145}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05144", "question_text": "What is the value of the magnetic flux at coil 2 in [Figure 23.53](23-problems-exercises#import-auto-id1169737958541) due to coil 1? Figure 23.53 (a) The planes of the two coils are perpendicular. (b) The wire is perpendicular to the plane of the coil.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06823", "question_text": "Find the electric flux through the closed surface whose cross-sections are shown below.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02301", "question_text": "\\sqrt{- 2}\\left( {\\sqrt{- 8} - \\sqrt{5}} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4498}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11151", "question_text": "Explain why the statement that a monkey is more evolved than a mouse is incorrect.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9789}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22820", "question_text": "Christianity and Islam both regard God as sovereign. In these religions, how are end-of-life treatments and euthanasia generally regarded, and why?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13341", "question_text": "The gas tank of a certain luxury automobile holds 22.3 gallons according to the owner\u00e2\u0080\u0099s manual. If the density of gasoline is 0.8206 g/mL, determine the mass in kilograms and pounds of the fuel in a full tank.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6765}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01797", "question_text": "(6a^{2} + 7) + (2a^{2} - 5a - 9)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6354}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04890", "question_text": "Engineering Application Near the top of the Citigroup Center building in New York City, there is an object with mass of 4\\text{.}{\\text{00} \\times \\text{10}^{5}}\\ \\text{kg} on springs that have adjustable force constants. Its function is to dampen wind-driven oscillations of the building by oscillating at the same frequency as the building is being driven\u2014the driving force is transferred to the object, which oscillates instead of the entire building. (a) What effective force constant should the springs have to make the object oscillate with a period of 2.00 s? (b) What energy is stored in the springs for a 2.00-m displacement from equilibrium?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23635", "question_text": "Why is it important to understand and be aware of global stratification? Make a list of specific issues that are related to global stratification. For inspiration, turn on a news channel or read the newspaper. Next, choose a topic from your list, and look at it more closely. Who is affected by this issue? How is the issue specifically related to global stratification?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9793}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08113", "question_text": "Two sinusoidal waves, which are identical except for a phase shift, travel along in the same direction. The wave equation of the resultant wave is y_{R}\\left( {x,t} \\right) = 0.70\\ \\text{m}\\ \\text{sin}\\left( {3.00\\ \\text{m}^{-1}x - 6.28\\ \\text{s}^{-1}t +} \\right.   \\left. {\\pi\\text{/}16\\ \\text{rad}} \\right). What are the angular frequency, wave number, amplitude, and phase shift of the individual waves?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7243}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24365", "question_text": "Which of the following was the term southerners used for a White southerner who tried to overturn the changes of Reconstruction? scalawagcarpetbaggerredeemerwhite knight", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04907", "question_text": "Suppose you have a device that extracts energy from ocean breakers in direct proportion to their intensity. If the device produces 10.0 kW of power on a day when the breakers are 1.20 m high, how much will it produce when they are 0.600 m high?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02481", "question_text": "**_x_**| ** _f(x)_**   ---|---   1| 3.05   2| 4.42   3| 6.4   4| 9.28   5| 13.46   6| 19.52   7| 28.3   8| 41.04   9| 59.5   10| 86.28", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9875}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14595", "question_text": "Why is SnCl4not classified as a salt?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8145}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03232", "question_text": "Tungsten crystallizes in a body-centered cubic unit cell with an edge length of 3.165 \u00c5. (a) What is the atomic radius of tungsten in this structure? (b) Calculate the density of tungsten.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05422", "question_text": "Ruby lasers have chromium atoms doped in an aluminum oxide crystal. The energy level diagram for chromium in a ruby is shown in [Figure 30.59](30-problems- exercises#import-auto-id1474697) . What wavelength is emitted by a ruby laser? Figure 30.59 Chromium atoms in an aluminum oxide crystal have these energy levels, one of which is metastable. This is the basis of a ruby laser. Visible light can pump the atom into an excited state above the metastable state to achieve a population inversion.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02814", "question_text": "Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical: (a) condensation of steam (b) burning of gasoline (c) souring of milk (d) dissolving of sugar in water (e) melting of gold", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14430", "question_text": "What is the difference between \u00ce\u0094Sand \u00ce\u0094S\u00c2\u00b0 for a chemical change?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7018}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18477", "question_text": "If you draw a card at random from a standard 52-card deck and note its suit, what is the sample space?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21492", "question_text": "Maoism alters Marxism by seeing __________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9315}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22509", "question_text": "According to Piaget, how does moral reasoning develop during middle childhood? What were Piaget\u00e2\u0080\u0099s two stages of moral reasoning?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14086", "question_text": "How will each of the following affect the rate of the reaction:CO(g)+NO2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CO2(g)+NO(g)CO(g)+NO2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CO2(g)+NO(g)if the rate law for the reaction israte=k[NO2][CO]rate=k[NO2][CO]? (a) Increasing the pressure of NO2from 0.1 atm to 0.3 atm (b) Increasing the concentration of CO from 0.02Mto 0.06M.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8294}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03885", "question_text": "Why is there asymmetric information in the labor market? What signals can an employer look for that might indicate the traits they are seeking in a new employee?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02003", "question_text": "\\sqrt{-50} + \\sqrt{-18}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5255}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13014", "question_text": "At a pH of 7.40, the carbonic acid ratio is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6319}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12736", "question_text": "In the myogenic response, ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02585", "question_text": "\\sec\\; x\\;\\cos\\; x + \\cos\\; x - \\frac{1}{\\sec\\; x}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25948", "question_text": "LO12.3If a bankruptcy is deemed likely to occur and is reasonably estimated, what would be the recognition and disclosure requirements for the company?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9946}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15832", "question_text": "In the equation\u00cf\u0084=rFsin\u00ce\u00b8\u00cf\u0084=rFsin\u00ce\u00b8, what isF?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6847}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19737", "question_text": "What invention is credited with providing ordinary people with access to information and ideas that were previously unavailable?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9403}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23542", "question_text": "Which isnotan example of a normative organization?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22393", "question_text": "What has been learned through research on children who do not receive typical language stimulation during early childhood, such as the case of Genie?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02554", "question_text": "\\sin\\left( {\\sec^{- 1}\\left( \\frac{3}{5} \\right)} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6473}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06803", "question_text": "Point charges are placed at the four corners of a rectangle as shown below: q_{1} = 2.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{-6}\\ \\text{C}, q_{2} = -2.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{-6}\\ \\text{C,} q_{3} = 4.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{-6}\\ \\text{C,} and q_{4} = 1.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{-6}\\ \\text{C}. What is the electric field at _P_ ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5827}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02747", "question_text": "\\frac{x^{2}}{49} - \\frac{y^{2}}{81} = 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9302}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18416", "question_text": "The average daily balance for Greg\u00e2\u0080\u0099s last credit card statement was $1,403.50. The card charges 15.9% interest. If the billing cycle for that statement was 30 days, how much interest is Greg charged?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9917}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15623", "question_text": "The speed of sound is measured at342m/son a certain day. What is this inkm/h? Report your answer in scientific notation.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9904}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02475", "question_text": "Use the one-to-one property of logarithms to find an exact solution for \\ln(5) + \\ln\\left( {5x^{2} - 5} \\right) = \\ln(56). If there is no solution, write _no solution_ .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09261", "question_text": "In cases of shingles, the antiviral drug _______ may be prescribed.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23614", "question_text": "Which statement illustrates low status consistency?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9755}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08940", "question_text": "Unidirectional replication of a circular DNA molecule like a plasmid that involves nicking one DNA strand and displacing it while synthesizing a new strand is called ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8589}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21860", "question_text": "Healthcare professionals often work rotating shifts. Why is this problematic? What can be done to deal with potential problems?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5173}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08946", "question_text": "The enzyme used in light repair to split thymine dimers is called ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4246}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14743", "question_text": "A scientist is studying a 2.234 g sample of thorium-229 (t1/2= 7340 y) in a laboratory. (a) What is its activity in Bq? (b) What is its activity in Ci?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.759}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09801", "question_text": "Diversity and inclusion at all levels of a private-sector company is ________.    A. mandated by federal law   B. the approach preferred by many companies   C. required by state law in thirty states   D. contrary to the company\u2019s fiduciary duty to stockholders", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9859}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01813", "question_text": "\\left( {- \\frac{1}{5}} \\right)^{-3}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7674}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15791", "question_text": "When a three dimensional vector is used in the study of atmospheric sciences, what is z?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.808}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15761", "question_text": "What is the magnitude of a vector whose x-component is2unitsand whose angle is60\u00e2\u0088\u0098?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8006}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22927", "question_text": "Neurons that produce neuropeptides:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9521}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26837", "question_text": "A client with a history of opioid use disorder is prescribed naltrexone to aid in abstaining from opioid use. Which information will the nurse give the client?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22854", "question_text": "Which cell type is most important for helping to form the blood-brain barrier?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21626", "question_text": "True or False: In a semi-presidential regime, the head of government can be from one party and the president from another party.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8794}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21714", "question_text": "What types of cases come before the International Court of Justice?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14649", "question_text": "[CuCl4]2\u00e2\u0088\u0092is green. [Cu(H2O)6]2+is blue. Which absorbs higher-energy photons? Which is predicted to have a larger crystal field splitting?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8928}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14439", "question_text": "Use the standard entropy data inAppendix Gto determine the change in entropy for each of the following reactions. All the processes occur at the standard conditions and 25 \u00c2\u00b0C. (a)C(s, graphite)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CO2(g)C(s, graphite)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CO2(g) (b)O2(g)+N2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62NO(g)O2(g)+N2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62NO(g) (c)2Cu(s)+S(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Cu2S(s)2Cu(s)+S(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Cu2S(s) (d)CaO(s)+H2O(l)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Ca(OH)2(s)CaO(s)+H2O(l)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Ca(OH)2(s) (e)Fe2O3(s)+3CO(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62Fe(s)+3CO2(g)Fe2O3(s)+3CO(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62Fe(s)+3CO2(g) (f)CaSO4\u00c2\u00b72H2O(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CaSO4(s)+2H2O(g)CaSO4\u00c2\u00b72H2O(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CaSO4(s)+2H2O(g)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6927}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25175", "question_text": "What are some factors that might indicate it is a good time to start a business?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9164}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20057", "question_text": "Who should ultimately remain responsible for high-stakes decisions being informed by AI?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03773", "question_text": "What would be the impact of imposing a price floor below the equilibrium price?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6781}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27017", "question_text": "The nurse is providing client education on the drug orlistat. The nurse explains common adverse effects of orlistat that subside within 4 weeks are:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21629", "question_text": "Of the following countries, which one best represents the type of authoritarian rule that can emerge in a semi-presidential country?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8016}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17115", "question_text": "Parallaxes are measured in fractions of an arcsecond. One arcsecond equals 1/60 arcmin; an arcminute is, in turn, 1/60th of a degree (\u00c2\u00b0). To get some idea of how big 1\u00c2\u00b0 is, go outside at night and find the Big Dipper. The two pointer stars at the ends of the bowl are 5.5\u00c2\u00b0 apart. The two stars across the top of the bowl are 10\u00c2\u00b0 apart. (Ten degrees is also about the width of your fist when held at arm\u00e2\u0080\u0099s length and projected against the sky.) Mizar, the second star from the end of the Big Dipper\u00e2\u0080\u0099s handle, appears double. The fainter star, Alcor, is about 12 arcmin from Mizar. For comparison, the diameter of the full moon is about 30 arcmin. The belt of Orion is about 3\u00c2\u00b0 long. Keeping all this in mind, why did it take until 1838 to make parallax measurements for even the nearest stars?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9802}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14272", "question_text": "Which of the following will increase the percent of NH3that is converted to the ammonium ion in water? (a) addition of NaOH (b) addition of HCl (c) addition of NH4Cl", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12444", "question_text": "Describe the fascicle arrangement in the muscles of the abdominal wall. How do they relate to each other?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07465", "question_text": "What form does the trajectory of a particle have if the distance from any point _A_ to point _B_ is equal to the magnitude of the displacement from _A_ to _B_ ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15438", "question_text": "CT scanners do not detect details smaller than about 0.5 mm. Is this limitation due to the wavelength of x rays? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18787", "question_text": "A ball is thrown into the air and the vertical position is given byx(t)=\u00e2\u0088\u00924.9t2+25t+5.x(t)=\u00e2\u0088\u00924.9t2+25t+5.Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to show that the ball must land on the ground sometime between 5 sec and 6 sec after the throw.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21081", "question_text": "An economic union requires giving up some political autonomy to succeed. What are some examples of political power countries must give up to be members of an economic union?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6123}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00932", "question_text": "0.15 \\div 5", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.789}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26814", "question_text": "A nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin 70 mg bolus to a client with a seizure disorder. The drug is supplied as a 50 mg/mL vial. How many milliliters should the nurse administer? Round to the nearest tenth.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9436}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17140", "question_text": "The mass of the interstellar medium is determined by a balance between sources (which add mass) and sinks (which remove it). Make a table listing the major sources and sinks, and briefly explain each one.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9792}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13584", "question_text": "Which is the least expensive source of energy in kilojoules per dollar: a box of breakfast cereal that weighs 32 ounces and costs $4.23, or a liter of isooctane (density, 0.6919 g/mL) that costs $0.45? Compare the nutritional value of the cereal with the heat produced by combustion of the isooctane under standard conditions. A 1.0-ounce serving of the cereal provides 130 Calories.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9733}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17779", "question_text": "Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population mean weight of the heads of lettuce. State the confidence interval, sketch the graph, and calculate the error bound.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03206", "question_text": "Water rises in a glass capillary tube to a height of 17 cm. What is the diameter of the capillary tube?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8907}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08347", "question_text": "Two recent periods of large-scale bureaucratic expansion were ________.    A. the 1930s and the 1960s   B. the 1920s and the 1980s   C. the 1910s and the 1990s   D. the 1930s and the 1950s", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18260", "question_text": "Create the addition table for base 5.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7589}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18105", "question_text": "Draw a Venn diagram to represent the relationship between the described sets: Falcons\u00e2\u008a\u0082Raptors.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9577}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22454", "question_text": "Piaget called mental actions that use logic and are reversible ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6587}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19520", "question_text": "What are the benefits of DevOps?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9456}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01197", "question_text": "The sum of two numbers is -32 . One number is two less than twice the other. Find the numbers.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10475", "question_text": "To what form of government did the American revolutionaries turn after the war for independence?    A. republicanism   B. monarchy   C. democracy   D. oligarchy", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9893}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17378", "question_text": "If we do find life on Mars, what might be some ways to check whether it formed separately from Earth life, or whether exchanges of material between the two planets meant that the two forms of life have a common origin?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6386}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08052", "question_text": "How long does it take a child on a swing to complete one swing if her center of gravity is 4.00 m below the pivot?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9914}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11340", "question_text": "A botanist travels to an area that has experienced a long, severe drought. While examining the bryophytes in the area, they notice that many are in the same life-cycle stage. Which life-cycle stageshouldbe the most common?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9916}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10839", "question_text": "Predict the end result if a chloroplast\u00e2\u0080\u0099s light-independent enzymes developed a mutation that prevented them from activating in response to light.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5484}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12328", "question_text": "A syndesmosis is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7594}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08514", "question_text": "f(x) = - x^{3} + 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6094}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18943", "question_text": "an=ln(n+1)n+1an=ln(n+1)n+1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5869}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12261", "question_text": "A typical vertebra has ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08682", "question_text": "Which of these deeply branching bacteria is considered a polyextremophile?    A. _Aquifex pyrophilus_   B. _Deinococcus radiodurans_   C. _Staphylococcus aureus_   D. _Mycobacterium tuberculosis_", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05385", "question_text": "At what velocity does a proton have a 6.00-fm wavelength (about the size of a nucleus)? Assume the proton is nonrelativistic. (1 femtometer = \\text{10}^{- \\text{15}}\\ \\text{m.} )", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9762}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23122", "question_text": "Which ion is primarily involved in the initiation of massive muscledepolarizationcalled a muscle action potential following the opening voltage-gated channels?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.98}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19549", "question_text": "What software engineering process follows a linear process flow?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6519}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18043", "question_text": "State the null hypothesis for a one-way ANOVA test if there are four groups.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20086", "question_text": "A high school is conducting a survey to understand the opinions of the school\u00e2\u0080\u0099s students toward the food options available in the cafeteria. They have divided the student population into four groups based on grade level (9th, 10th, 11th, 12th). A random sample of 60 students is selected from each group and asked to rate the cafeteria food on a scale of 1\u00e2\u0080\u009310. The results are shown in the following table:Grade LevelNumber of StudentsAverage Rating9th608.110th607.411th606.312th606.1Table2.11High School SurveyWhat sampling technique was used to collect this data?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19063", "question_text": "Find the tangential and normal acceleration components with the position vectorr(t)=\u00e2\u008c\u00a9cost,sint,et\u00e2\u008c\u00aa.r(t)=\u00e2\u008c\u00a9cost,sint,et\u00e2\u008c\u00aa.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09996", "question_text": "5a + 8b\\ \\text{when}\\ a = -2,b = -6", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7558}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16159", "question_text": "What is the difference between harmonics and overtones?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.528}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03617", "question_text": "Isooctane is the common name of the isomer of C 8 H 18 used as the standard of 100 for the gasoline octane rating:   (a) What is the IUPAC name for the compound? (b) Name the other isomers that contain a five-carbon chain with three methyl substituents.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6558}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07557", "question_text": "A force acts on a car of mass _m_ so that the speed _v_ of the car increases with position _x_ as v = kx^{2} , where _k_ is constant and all quantities are in SI units. Find the force acting on the car as a function of position.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15452", "question_text": "What is the difference between\u00ce\u00b3\u00ce\u00b3rays and characteristic x rays? Is either necessarily more energetic than the other? Which can be the most energetic?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9319}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13496", "question_text": "Complete and balance the equations of the following reactions, each of which could be used to remove hydrogen sulfide from natural gas: (a)Ca(OH)2(s)+H2S(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Ca(OH)2(s)+H2S(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6 (b)Na2CO3(aq)+H2S(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Na2CO3(aq)+H2S(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.764}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19558", "question_text": "The approach discussed in this chapter appears to be top-down as it comes to deriving solution architectures from higher levels of architecture scope. Is it possible to start from a solution architecture and establish the architecture scopes that correspond to it at the portfolio and enterprise levels?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7612}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23101", "question_text": "Pain sensation from the right side of the body ascends on which side of the spinal cord?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14069", "question_text": "Meat can be classified as fresh (not frozen) even though it is stored at \u00e2\u0088\u00921 \u00c2\u00b0C. Why wouldn\u00e2\u0080\u0099t meat freeze at this temperature?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9938}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02219", "question_text": "\\left( {2y - 3} \\right)^{5}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6196}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21254", "question_text": "How might framing or priming affect the way a reader or viewer thinks about an issue?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16140", "question_text": "What are orbital progressive waves?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7816}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11108", "question_text": "Gene therapy can be used to introduce foreign DNA into cells ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9512}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20990", "question_text": "What is the theory of Ricardian equivalence?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7464}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03308", "question_text": "Chemical reactions occur when reactants collide. What are two factors that may prevent a collision from producing a chemical reaction?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9848}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16431", "question_text": "Explain why power is transmitted over long distances at high voltages.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9827}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20550", "question_text": "What is the poverty line?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5438}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26900", "question_text": "A nurse is explaining a client\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lipid panel results. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4893}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05614", "question_text": "Under what circumstances will an image be located at the focal point of a spherical lens or mirror?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9305}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17924", "question_text": "What is thep-value?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7357}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23075", "question_text": "The inability to smell is called:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9408}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22179", "question_text": "Dr. Anastasia believes that major depressive disorder is caused by an over-secretion of cortisol. His view on the cause of major depressive disorder reflects a ________ perspective.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09625", "question_text": "[LO 11.4](11-4-use-discounted-cash-flow-models-to-make-capital-investment- decisions) The NPV method assumes that cash inflows associated with a particular investment occur when?    A. only at the time of the initial investment   B. only at the end of the year   C. only at the beginning of the year   D. at any of these times", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7324}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11790", "question_text": "What would happen if no carbonic anhydrase were present in red blood cells?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11451", "question_text": "Frogs belong to which order?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6781}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23935", "question_text": "According to emergent-norm theory, crowds are:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19257", "question_text": "If phone numbers are ten digits long and can contain digits from zero through nine, what is the total number of potential phone numbers?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9803}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13209", "question_text": "Describe the hypothesized steps in the origin of eukaryote cells.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20765", "question_text": "What is included in the current account balance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06830", "question_text": "Repeat your calculations for the preceding problem, given that the charge is distributed uniformly over the surface of a spherical conductor of radius 10.0 cm.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9961}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25419", "question_text": "Distinguish between for-profit and not-for-profit entities.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15793", "question_text": "In the equation for the maximum height of a projectile, what doesv0yv0ystand for?h=v0y22gh=v0y22g", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22324", "question_text": "Describe a health risk associated with sleeping practices and one way to prevent it.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9384}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04129", "question_text": "[LO 3.5](3-5-use-journal-entries-to-record-transactions-and-post-to-t- accounts) Which of the following financial statements should be prepared first?    A. Balance Sheet   B. Income Statement   C. Retained Earnings Statement   D. Statement of Cash Flows", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02958", "question_text": "Uranium can be isolated from its ores by dissolving it as UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 , then separating it as solid UO 2 (C 2 O 4 )\u00b73H 2 O. Addition of 0.4031 g of sodium oxalate, Na 2 C 2 O 4 , to a solution containing 1.481 g of uranyl nitrate, UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 , yields 1.073 g of solid UO 2 (C 2 O 4 )\u00b73H 2 O.Na 2 C 2 O 4 \\+ UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 \\+ 3H 2 O \u27f6 UO 2 (C 2 O 4 )\u00b73H 2 O + 2NaNO 3 Determine the limiting reactant and the percent yield of this reaction.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8098}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13951", "question_text": "What is the relationship between the intermolecular forces in a solid and its melting temperature?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6332}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16119", "question_text": "Which of these is not a characteristic of a wave?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16457", "question_text": "Given a bar magnet, a needle, a cork, and a bowl full of water, describe how to make a compass.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5428}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10528", "question_text": "Border ruffians helped to ________.    A. chase abolitionists out of Missouri   B. elect a proslavery legislature in Kansas   C. capture escaped enslaved people   D. disseminate abolitionist literature in Kansas", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8347}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01931", "question_text": "\\frac{\\frac{7x}{x + 2}}{\\frac{14x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4487}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13561", "question_text": "An aluminum kettle weighs 1.05 kg. (a) What is the heat capacity of the kettle? (b) How much heat is required to increase the temperature of this kettle from 23.0 \u00c2\u00b0C to 99.0 \u00c2\u00b0C? (c) How much heat is required to heat this kettle from 23.0 \u00c2\u00b0C to 99.0 \u00c2\u00b0C if it contains 1.25 L of water (density of 0.997 g/mL and a specific heat of 4.184 J/g \u00c2\u00b0C)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9847}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10947", "question_text": "If a muscle cell of a typical organism has 32 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in a gamete of that same organism?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8845}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24933", "question_text": "Corporate culture comes from ________. the commitment of the company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s employeesthe founder\u00e2\u0080\u0099s idea of what the work environment should be likegovernment regulations about labor relationsthe nature of the company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s product or service", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6688}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24777", "question_text": "What is eudaimonia? How did Anscombe revive eudaimonism?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4813}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02859", "question_text": "The following are properties of isotopes of two elements that are essential in our diet. Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each and name them. (a) atomic number 26, mass number 58, charge of 2+ (b) atomic number 53, mass number 127, charge of 1\u2212", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5012}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19490", "question_text": "Consider our start-up company that is 100% committed to leveraging innovative technologies as a business growth facilitator. Describe how it can use machine learning to create software solutions that can operate autonomously. Are there any such solutions available today? Give some precise examples and explain how the start-up would be able to scale this approach.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5518}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14442", "question_text": "Explain what happens as a reaction starts with \u00ce\u0094G< 0 (negative) and reaches the point where \u00ce\u0094G= 0.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20286", "question_text": "If supply is elastic, will shifts in demand have a larger effect on equilibrium quantity or on price?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9188}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25031", "question_text": "_____ is a place of employment where the employee is required to join the union within a specified number of days after being hired.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8862}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15686", "question_text": "How is the vector arrow representing an acceleration of magnitude 3 m/s2different from the vector arrow representing a negative acceleration of magnitude 3 m/s2?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7481}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17170", "question_text": "Why did it take astronomers until 1995 to discover the first exoplanet orbiting another star like the Sun?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6223}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20675", "question_text": "How did the Industrial Revolution increase the economic growth rate and income levels in the United States?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21379", "question_text": "Term limits have produced a statistically significant increase in the number of women serving in state legislatures. TrueFalse", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8179}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25510", "question_text": "Nordstrom\u00e2\u0080\u0099s reputation was built upon its value proposition of superior service. The company has maintained a high level of service over the years. Research other retailers that have a similar service-oriented value proposition. It could be a car company, restaurant, clothing store, etc. In looking at the changing demographics, do you believe that this level of service will continue to be perceived as value? If not, what will take its place?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6185}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08548", "question_text": "When an individual creates and promotes malicious falsehoods about another that individual may be liable for:    A. Libel.   B. Slander.   C. Defamation.   D. All of the above.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9481}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06273", "question_text": "An older woman retires and completely changes her life. She is no longer raising children or working. However, she joins the YWCA to swim every day. She serves on the Friends of the Library board. She is part of a neighborhood group that plays Bunco on Saturday nights. Her situation most closely illustrates the ______ theory.    A. activity   B. continuity   C. disengagement   D. gerotranscendence", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9793}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17997", "question_text": "What is they-intercept and what is the slope? Interpret them using complete sentences.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9691}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20362", "question_text": "What two lines on a cost curve diagram intersect at the zero-profit point?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6517}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04253", "question_text": "[LO 9.2](9-2-account-for-uncollectible-accounts-using-the-balance-sheet-and- income-statement-approaches) Tines Commerce computes bad debt based on the allowance method. They determine their current year\u2019s balance estimation to be a credit of $45,@. The previous period had a credit balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts of $12,@. What should be the reported figure in the adjusting entry for the current period?    A. $12,000   B. $45,000   C. $33,000   D. $57,000", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7501}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05801", "question_text": "Particles called \\pi -mesons are produced by accelerator beams. If these particles travel at 2.70\\ \\times \\ 10^{8}\\text{m/s} and live 2.60\\ \\times \\ 10^{-8}\\text{s} when at rest relative to an observer, how long do they live as viewed in the laboratory?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9907}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09811", "question_text": "Are individual states allowed to have laws protecting LGBTQ applicant or employee rights?    A. Yes, but it is not really necessary because federal law already protects them.   B. No, because it would violate federal law, which prohibits it.   C. Yes, some states extend this protection because there is no law at the federal level.   D. No, because the Supreme Court ruling in _Obergefell v. Hodges_ now protects these rights.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9495}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23880", "question_text": "Which of the following statements isnottrue?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9925}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01924", "question_text": "\\frac{x^{2}}{x - 7} - \\frac{3x + 28}{x - 7}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6559}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19820", "question_text": "What is an example that demonstrates the importance of clearly defining business problems and user requirements at the start of a systems development project?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.808}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17529", "question_text": "FindP(ZANDS)P(ZANDS).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15321", "question_text": "The most common type of mirage is an illusion that light from faraway objects is reflected by a pool of water that is not really there. Mirages are generally observed in deserts, when there is a hot layer of air near the ground. Given that the refractive index of air is lower for air at higher temperatures, explain how mirages can be formed.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9735}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20565", "question_text": "What goods and services would you include in an estimate of the basic necessities for a family of four?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9778}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19062", "question_text": "Find the unit tangent vector, the unit normal vector, and the binormal vector forr(t)=2costi+3tj+2sintk.r(t)=2costi+3tj+2sintk.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22384", "question_text": "What does research recommend about the way children, regardless of individual or group differences, should be supported in motor behavior?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26966", "question_text": "A nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism. Which findings should the nurse expect to find?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7782}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10944", "question_text": "Which of the following isnottrue in regard to crossover?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7036}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12217", "question_text": "Why is cartilage slow to heal?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9946}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04926", "question_text": "A commuter train blows its 200-Hz horn as it approaches a crossing. The speed of sound is 335 m/s. (a) An observer waiting at the crossing receives a frequency of 208 Hz. What is the speed of the train? (b) What frequency does the observer receive as the train moves away?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7777}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10496", "question_text": "Who won the popular vote in the election of 1824?    A. Andrew Jackson   B. Martin Van Buren   C. Henry Clay   D. John Quincy Adams", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9938}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18173", "question_text": "Rationalize the denominator of622, and simplify the fraction.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26259", "question_text": "LO10.2Seda Sarkisian makes wedding cakes from her home. A customer has requested two duplicate wedding cakes: one for the wedding and one to be frozen for their anniversary. The couple has offered $400 for both cakes instead of $500 ($250 each). The cost information to make one cake is shown. What is the cost for the first cake?What cost would not be included in the second cake?What is the cost of the second cake?What would be the total cost of this order if the offer was accepted?How much profit will Seda be recording for this special order?If your company policy is to always have a 15% profit on all order, would you still accept this order?If you would not accept the order, what price would you negotiate?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9941}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23604", "question_text": "Where do you get your news? Is it owned by a large conglomerate (you can do a web search and find out!)? Does it matter to you who owns your local news outlets? Why, or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6108}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24832", "question_text": "What is the difference between strong AI and weak AI?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.849}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03539", "question_text": "A chemist dissolves a 1.497-g sample of a type of metal (an alloy of Sn, Pb, Sb, and Cu) in nitric acid, and metastannic acid, H 2 SnO 3 , is precipitated. She heats the precipitate to drive off the water, which leaves 0.4909 g of tin(IV) oxide. What was the percentage of tin in the original sample?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9397}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15381", "question_text": "A bright white light under water is collimated and directed upon a prism. What range of colors does one see emerging?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9799}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22066", "question_text": "Which of the following is NOT a projective test?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9806}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04632", "question_text": "Professional Application (a) A 5.00-kg squid initially at rest ejects 0.250-kg of fluid with a velocity of 10.0 m/s. What is the recoil velocity of the squid if the ejection is done in 0.100 s and there is a 5.00-N frictional force opposing the squid\u2019s movement. (b) How much energy is lost to work done against friction?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9905}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02487", "question_text": "Graph the function f(x) = 5(0.5)^{- x} and its reflection across the _y_ -axis on the same axes, and give the _y_ -intercept.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10135", "question_text": "15.4 + 3.02", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3817}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20292", "question_text": "What is the formula for the wage elasticity of labor supply?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9786}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24258", "question_text": "What was the lasting impact of the Bucktail Republican Party in New York? They implemented universal suffrage.They pushed for the expansion of the canal system.They elevated Martin Van Buren to the national political stage.They changed state election laws from an appointee system to a system of open elections.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6678}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05204", "question_text": "Conversations with astronauts on lunar walks had an echo that was used to estimate the distance to the Moon. The sound spoken by the person on Earth was transformed into a radio signal sent to the Moon, and transformed back into sound on a speaker inside the astronaut\u2019s space suit. This sound was picked up by the microphone in the space suit (intended for the astronaut\u2019s voice) and sent back to Earth as a radio echo of sorts. If the round-trip time was 2.60 s, what was the approximate distance to the Moon, neglecting any delays in the electronics?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9904}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02077", "question_text": "For functions   f(x) = 2x^{3} + 5 and   g(x) = 3x^{2} - 7, find   \u24d0 \\left( {f \\circ g} \\right)(-1)   \u24d1 \\left( {g \\circ f} \\right)(-2)   \u24d2 \\left( {g \\circ g} \\right)(1)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9935}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20257", "question_text": "Let\u00e2\u0080\u0099s think about the market for air travel. From August 2014 to January 2015, the price of jet fuel increased roughly 47%. Using the four-step analysis, how do you think this fuel price increase affected the equilibrium price and quantity of air travel?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7102}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22396", "question_text": "Play in early childhood primarily promotes what aspect(s) of development?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26797", "question_text": "What indicates an optimal dosage of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors for clients with myasthenia gravis?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9579}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17714", "question_text": "What is the mean, standard deviation, and sample size?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9817}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01345", "question_text": "16n^{2} - 56mn + 49m^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7724}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07575", "question_text": "Race car drivers routinely cut corners, as shown below (Path 2). Explain how this allows the curve to be taken at the greatest speed.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8614}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23487", "question_text": "What are some examples of cultural lag that are present in your life? What influence does technology have on culture? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22523", "question_text": "Imagine you are a school guidance counselor working with a group of teachers who are concerned about a student displaying both internalizing and externalizing behaviors. The teachers are unsure how to approach this student to support their mental health and promote resilience. Write a letter to the teachers outlining specific strategies they can use to address these behaviors, and explain how these strategies can help improve the student\u00e2\u0080\u0099s socioemotional well-being.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9856}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21706", "question_text": "According to ________ theory, international relations has traditionally focused on \u00e2\u0080\u009chard policy\u00e2\u0080\u009d issues, such as conflict and security, and has relegated to second-class status issues related to development and access to social programs.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17939", "question_text": "What is the conclusion?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8532}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12967", "question_text": "Which hormone does the kidney produce that stimulates red blood cell production?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9017}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10205", "question_text": "(22 + 7) + 3 = \\operatorname{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3458}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19593", "question_text": "Explain the difference between React and Node.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8823}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16253", "question_text": "Does light change direction toward or away from the normal when it goes from air to water? Explain.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9883}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11713", "question_text": "A rise in blood glucose levels triggers release of insulin from the pancreas. This mechanism of hormone production is stimulated by:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9191}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16509", "question_text": "Describe the form of a blackbody radiation curve if all frequencies of light were emitted with equal probability.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5114}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01866", "question_text": "\\left( {m + 3} \\right)\\left( {7m - 2} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3519}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08595", "question_text": "Which types of companies must register with the SEC?    A. Companies with over 500 or more owners.   B. Companies with total assets of $10 million.   C. Companies with total assets exceeding $10 million and with 500 or more owners.   D. None of the above.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9393}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08831", "question_text": "The use of microbes to remove pollutants from a contaminated system is called ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7917}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02607", "question_text": "\\cos\\left( {-x} \\right)\\sin\\; x\\;\\cot\\; x + \\sin^{2}x", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9394}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21205", "question_text": "Is public opinion generally clear, providing broad signals to elected leaders about what needs to be done? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06817", "question_text": "The conductor in the preceding figure has an excess charge of \u20135.0\\ \u00b5\\text{C} . If a 2.0\\text{-}\u00b5\\text{C} point charge is placed in the cavity, what is the net charge on the surface of the cavity and on the outer surface of the conductor?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9292}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24188", "question_text": "History is filled with unintended consequences. How do the British government\u00e2\u0080\u0099s attempts to control and regulate the colonies during this tumultuous era provide a case in point? How did the aims of the British measure up against the results of their actions?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9496}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24949", "question_text": "What is the function of law in the United States?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9886}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11699", "question_text": "How could the pineal gland, the brain structure that plays a role in annual cycles, use visual information from the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9069}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00742", "question_text": "x = e^{t}, y = 1 - e^{3t}, 0 \\leq t \\leq 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4384}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25587", "question_text": "Jackson\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Beef Jerky Shop has a current ratio of 2.35. What does that mean? Is 2.35 a good or bad current ratio?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18246", "question_text": "Convert the Hindu-Arabic numeral 394 to a Roman numeral.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9889}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20673", "question_text": "According toTable 19.7, how long has the average expansion lasted since the end of World War II?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23169", "question_text": "Which of the following best describes a type of sex difference in brain circuits?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8779}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03652", "question_text": "Why is electron capture accompanied by the emission of an X-ray?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7819}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09994", "question_text": "-2(-18) \\div 9", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8141}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05615", "question_text": "Can an image be larger than the object even though its magnification is negative? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5801}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12040", "question_text": "Name at least three reasons to study anatomy and physiology.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22734", "question_text": "Identify two cross-cultural differences in how adults evaluate their life satisfaction.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18279", "question_text": "What base system did the Babylonians use?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8892}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12821", "question_text": "When ventilation is not sufficient, which of the following occurs?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07188", "question_text": "A long solenoid of radius a with n turns per unit length is carrying a time- dependent current I(t) = I_{0}\\ \\text{sin}\\ \\omega t where I_{0} and \\omega are constants. The solenoid is surrounded by a wire of resistance _R_ that has two circular loops of radius _b_ with b > a . Find the magnitude and direction of current induced in the outer loops at time t = 0 .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17459", "question_text": "Suppose that you are buying a house. You and your realtor have determined that the most expensive house you can afford is the 34thpercentile. The 34thpercentile of housing prices is $240,000 in the town you want to move to. In this town, can you afford 34% of the houses or 66% of the houses?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9779}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14889", "question_text": "Can objects in a system have momentum while the momentum of the system is zero? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6223}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08273", "question_text": "A conglomerate is a corporation that ________.    A. owns all television news stations in a state   B. owns many businesses and media networks   C. owns only radio stations   D. owns only televisions and newspapers", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9835}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09747", "question_text": "What did the decision in _Shlensky v. Wrigley_ (1968) establish in ethical terms? How does it compare to the decision in _Dodge v. Ford Motor Company_ (1919)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06863", "question_text": "In what region of space is the potential due to a uniformly charged sphere the same as that of a point charge? In what region does it differ from that of a point charge?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11411", "question_text": "Cnidocytes are found in _____.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9719}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14593", "question_text": "How many grams of Epsom salts (MgSO4\u00e2\u008b\u00857H2O) will form from 5.0 kg of magnesium?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8113}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23904", "question_text": "What three factors did Malthus believe would limit human population?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9933}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26844", "question_text": "A nurse is evaluating a client for treatment of their opioid use disorder. They have a history of intravenous use of agents such as oxycodone and heroin. Which medication is the prescriber most likely to order to deter intravenous abuse of the medication?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9281}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20093", "question_text": "The government is choosing the best hospital in the United States based on data such as how many patients they have, their mortality rates, and overall quality of care. They want to collect this data accurately and fairly to improve the country's health care. a.What is the best way to collect this data? Can we use web scraping to gather data from hospital websites? Can we also use social media data collection to gather patient reviews and feedback about the hospitals? b.How can we ensure the data is unbiased and accurate? Can we use a mix of these methods to create a comprehensive analysis?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9902}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17553", "question_text": "Find the probability that Javier volunteers for less than three events each month.P(x< 3) = _______", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9928}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22751", "question_text": "What is a characteristic of autobiographical memories?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18895", "question_text": "\u00e2\u0088\u00abx3x2+2dx\u00e2\u0088\u00abx3x2+2dx", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7209}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19582", "question_text": "What is a Metro bundler?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18063", "question_text": "What are the Sum of Squares and Mean Squares Errors?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5108}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21280", "question_text": "Which of the following is the best example of a solidary benefit?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03139", "question_text": "Why are sharp knives more effective than dull knives? (Hint: Think about the definition of pressure.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7405}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12198", "question_text": "Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7693}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04001", "question_text": "Why might banks want to hold excess reserves in time of recession?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6864}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26269", "question_text": "LO11.2What is the payback method used to determine?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7408}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22150", "question_text": "What is one of the major criticisms of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26842", "question_text": "What is the primary purpose of the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol-Revised (CIWA-Ar) assessment instrument?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9895}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08490", "question_text": "f(x) = \\frac{x^{2} - 2x - 15}{x - 5}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7088}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07520", "question_text": "When you stand on Earth, your feet push against it with a force equal to your weight. Why doesn\u2019t Earth accelerate away from you?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9929}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17672", "question_text": "SupposeX~N(9, 5). What value ofxhas az-score of \u00e2\u0080\u00930.5?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9013}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13128", "question_text": "What is the energy of a photon first used to do in photosynthesis?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9562}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21855", "question_text": "LSD affects ________ neurotransmission.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25413", "question_text": "States can levy a sales tax on items sold online to a customer in a different state if ________. the business has a nexus with that statethere is a contract between the business and the state comptrollerthe items sold are over $300the business is one that only sells foreign-made items", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16033", "question_text": "The first law of thermodynamics helps us understand the relationships among which three quantities?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5291}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14638", "question_text": "Draw the crystal field diagrams for [Fe(NO2)6]4\u00e2\u0088\u0092and [FeF6]3\u00e2\u0088\u0092. State whether each complex is high spin or low spin, paramagnetic or diamagnetic, and compare \u00ce\u0094octto P for each complex.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7762}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22065", "question_text": "The concept that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs is known as ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8261}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04239", "question_text": "[LO 8.5](8-5-discuss-management-responsibilities-for-maintaining-internal- controls-within-an-organization) Which of the following is true about the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?    A. It was passed to ensure that internal controls are properly documented and tested by public companies.   B. It applies to both public and smaller companies.   C. It requires all companies to report their internal control policies to the US Securities and Exchange Commission.   D. It does not require additional costs or resources to have adequate controls.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5944}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03644", "question_text": "What are the two principal differences between nuclear reactions and ordinary chemical changes?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7096}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05523", "question_text": "What length track does a \\pi^{+}{} traveling at 0.100 _c_ leave in a bubble chamber if it is created there and lives for 2\\text{.}{\\text{60} \\times \\text{10}^{- 8}}\\ \\text{s} ? (Those moving faster or living longer may escape the detector before decaying.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.564}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12940", "question_text": "The color of urine is determined mainly by ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13999", "question_text": "NaH crystallizes with the same crystal structure as NaCl. The edge length of the cubic unit cell of NaH is 4.880 \u00c3\u0085. (a) Calculate the ionic radius of H\u00e2\u0088\u0092. (The ionic radius of Li+is 0.0.95 \u00c3\u0085.) (b) Calculate the density of NaH.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06812", "question_text": "Discuss the similarities and differences between the gravitational field of a point mass _m_ and the electric field of a point charge _q_ .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5406}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06348", "question_text": "When sociologists think about technology as an agent of social change, which of the following is _not_ an example?    A. Population growth   B. Medical advances   C. The Internet   D. Genetically engineered food", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07070", "question_text": "A physicist is designing a cyclotron to accelerate protons to one-tenth the speed of light. The magnetic field will have a strength of 1.5 T. Determine (a) the rotational period of the circulating protons and (b) the maximum radius of the protons\u2019 orbit.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9331}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24733", "question_text": "Is determinism compatible with moral culpability? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16302", "question_text": "A beam of light passes through a single slit to create a diffraction pattern. How will the spacing of the bands in the pattern change if the width of the slit is increased?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08298", "question_text": "What does group participation provide to citizens?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8778}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01149", "question_text": "4x - 5y = 8", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8374}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20882", "question_text": "What are a bank's assets? What are its liabilities?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03952", "question_text": "If a country is running a government budget surplus, why is (T \u2013 G) on the left side of the saving-investment identity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17142", "question_text": "Figure 20.2shows a reddish glow around the star Antares, and yet the caption says that is a dust cloud. What observations would you make to determine whether the red glow is actually produced by dust or whether it is produced by an H II region?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7479}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19448", "question_text": "Consider our startup company committed to leveraging innovative technologies as a business growth facilitator. Describe how it can best use hybrid HLLs to implement products or services in a business context. Give precise examples and explain how the startup would be able to scale the approach and save costs while keeping its customers happy.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7958}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20917", "question_text": "Define the velocity of the money supply.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18067", "question_text": "At the 10% significance level, are the scores among the different groups different?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02094", "question_text": "5 = \\text{log}100,000", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.816}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02955", "question_text": "Toluene, C 6 H 5 CH 3 , is oxidized by air under carefully controlled conditions to benzoic acid, C 6 H 5 CO 2 H, which is used to prepare the food preservative sodium benzoate, C 6 H 5 CO 2 Na. What is the percent yield of a reaction that converts 1.000 kg of toluene to 1.21 kg of benzoic acid? 2\\text{C}_{6}\\text{H}_{5}\\text{CH}_{3} + 3\\text{O}_{2}\\ \\longrightarrow\\ 2\\text{C}_{6}\\text{H}_{5}\\text{CO}_{2}\\text{H} + 2\\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4558}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23018", "question_text": "The preferential responsiveness of a V1 neuron to input from one eye over the other is known as:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9199}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22450", "question_text": "According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), how much moderate to vigorous physical activity should school-aged children get each day?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9914}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24301", "question_text": "John C. Calhoun argued for greater rights for southerners with which idea? polygenismnullificationconcurrent majoritypaternalism", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6259}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24984", "question_text": "The doctrine aimed at dividing the governing powers between the federal governments and the states is:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9689}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16380", "question_text": "An accelerator accelerates He nuclei (charge = 2e) to a speed ofv= 2 \u00c3\u0097 106m/s. What is the current if the linear density of He nuclei is\u00ce\u00bb= 108m\u00e2\u0080\u00931?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21737", "question_text": "The three levels of analysis in IPE are ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10845", "question_text": "Three of the same species of plant are each grown under a different colored light for the same amount of time. Plant A is grown under blue light, Plant B is grown under green light, and Plant C is grown under orange light. Assuming the plants use only chlorophyllaand chlorophyllbfor photosynthesis, what would be the predicted order of the plants from most growth to least growth?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9868}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10206", "question_text": "\\frac{1}{2}(22y) = \\operatorname{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5141}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08279", "question_text": "In which circumstance would the courts find libel?    A. A reporter uses a source that incorrectly states a celebrity is using drugs.   B. A columnist writes his opinion about whether an actor is hiding a drug problem.   C. A television reporter delivers a story about increased drug use at the local college.   D. A reporter writes that local college students are drug dealers but has no sources.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8898}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13305", "question_text": "Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical: (a) coal burning (b) ice melting (c) mixing chocolate syrup with milk (d) explosion of a firecracker (e) magnetizing of a screwdriver", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21352", "question_text": "A case will be placed on the Court\u00e2\u0080\u0099s docket when ________ justices agree to do so.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17972", "question_text": "Graph the situation. Label and scale the horizontal axis. Mark the mean and test statistic. Shade in the region corresponding to thep-value. Figure11.15", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8686}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21473", "question_text": "In making decisions, humans ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22385", "question_text": "As a new kindergarten teacher, you have a classroom full of children between five and six years of age. What similarities or difference ranges should you expect from the children's cognitive milestones?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9597}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17361", "question_text": "The anthropic principle suggests that in some sense we are observing a special kind of universe; if the universe were different, we could never have come to exist. Comment on how this fits with the Copernican tradition described inExercise 29.19.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23388", "question_text": "Which of the following tasks would be most impacted by temporarily disrupting activity in the monkey superior colliculus?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18317", "question_text": "Factorx2+8x\u00e2\u0088\u00929.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9887}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09391", "question_text": "You can use the quotient rule to evaluate \\underset{x\\rightarrow 0}{\\text{lim}}\\frac{\\text{sin}\\mspace{2mu} x}{x}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9945}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17269", "question_text": "Suppose the Milky Way was a band of light extending only halfway around the sky (that is, in a semicircle). What, then, would you conclude about the Sun\u00e2\u0080\u0099s location in the Galaxy? Give your reasoning.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9523}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01245", "question_text": "-6u(2u + 7)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8708}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22414", "question_text": "Imagine you are designing a language enrichment program for children in early childhood. Based on your knowledge and personal experiences, what activities would you include to promote language development? How would you ensure these activities cater to different types of learners, including those who are hearing impaired or have other diverse needs?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24477", "question_text": "Why was prohibition\u00e2\u0080\u0099s success short-lived?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9282}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05411", "question_text": "If a hydrogen atom has its electron in the n = 4 state, how much energy in eV is needed to ionize it?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25065", "question_text": "How many countries have adopted the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13721", "question_text": "Write Lewis structures for the following: (a) SeF6 (b) XeF4 (c)SeCl3+SeCl3+ (d) Cl2BBCl2(contains a B\u00e2\u0080\u0093B bond)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12599", "question_text": "A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8227}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02649", "question_text": "\\left\\\\{ \\begin{array}{l} {x(t) = e^{t}} \\\\\\ {y(t) = - 2e^{5\\; t}} \\end{array} \\right.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04943", "question_text": "(a) What is the intensity in watts per meter squared of a just barely audible 200-Hz sound? (b) What is the intensity in watts per meter squared of a barely audible 4000-Hz sound?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9312}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11630", "question_text": "Describe how hormones regulate digestion.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20865", "question_text": "Do neoclassical economists tend to focus more on cyclical unemployment or on inflation? Explain briefly.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9576}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10308", "question_text": "Two angles are complementary. The smaller angle is \\text{24\u00b0} less than the larger angle. Find the measures of both angles.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9882}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07171", "question_text": "Design a current loop that, when rotated in a uniform magnetic field of strength 0.10 T, will produce an emf \\varepsilon = \\varepsilon_{0}\\ \\text{sin}\\ \\omega t, where \\varepsilon_{0} = 110\\ \\text{V} and \\omega = 120\\pi\\ \\text{rad/s}\\text{.}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9413}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11842", "question_text": "What \u00e2\u0080\u009cself\u00e2\u0080\u009d pattern is identified by NK cells?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7122}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25567", "question_text": "Under the accrual basis of accounting, when is an expense recorded?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9264}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18194", "question_text": "Rewrite52x4without a denominator.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14351", "question_text": "Perform these calculations for nickel(II) carbonate. (a) With what volume of water must a precipitate containing NiCO3be washed to dissolve 0.100 g of this compound? Assume that the wash water becomes saturated with NiCO3(Ksp= 1.36\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0080\u00937). (b) If the NiCO3were a contaminant in a sample of CoCO3(Ksp= 1.0\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0080\u009312), what mass of CoCO3would have been lost? Keep in mind that both NiCO3and CoCO3dissolve in the same solution.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9886}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15087", "question_text": "(a) If frequency is not constant for some oscillation, can the oscillation be simple harmonic motion? (b) Can you think of any examples of harmonic motion where the frequency may depend on the amplitude?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9939}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15785", "question_text": "How would simple harmonic motion be different in the absence of friction?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9658}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17102", "question_text": "If you were to compare three stars with the same surface temperature, with one star being a giant, another a supergiant, and the third a main-sequence star, how would their radii compare to one another?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9838}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04903", "question_text": "A wave traveling on a Slinky\u00ae that is stretched to 4 m takes 2.4 s to travel the length of the Slinky and back again. (a) What is the speed of the wave? (b) Using the same Slinky stretched to the same length, a standing wave is created which consists of three antinodes and four nodes. At what frequency must the Slinky be oscillating?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21426", "question_text": "The goals of U.S. foreign policy include ________. keeping the country safesecuring access to foreign marketsprotecting human rightsall the above", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5101}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04865", "question_text": "Using [Table 15.4](15-7-statistical-interpretation-of-entropy-and-the-second- law-of-thermodynamics-the-underlying-explanation) , verify the contention that if you toss 100 coins each second, you can expect to get 100 heads or 100 tails once in 2\\times\\text{10}^{\\text{22}} years; calculate the time to two- digit accuracy.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23201", "question_text": "When evaluating animal models of human disease, ________ refers to whether the observable behavioral outcome is similar to human symptoms.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15968", "question_text": "Explain how the two postulates of Einstein\u00e2\u0080\u0099s theory of special relativity, when taken together, could lead to a situation that seems to contradict the mechanics and laws of motion as described by Newton.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4172}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19903", "question_text": "What is one future challenge that may require reevaluation of existing regulations and the creation of new guidelines or regulations for web and IoT technology?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9297}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06626", "question_text": "Dry air consists of approximately 78\\text{\\%}\\ \\text{nitrogen},21\\text{\\%}\\ \\text{oxygen},\\text{and}\\ 1\\text{\\%}\\ \\text{argon} by mole, with trace amounts of other gases. A tank of compressed dry air has a volume of 1.76 cubic feet at a gauge pressure of 2200 pounds per square inch and a temperature of 293 K. How much oxygen does it contain in moles?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9471}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26105", "question_text": "LO4.1Choco\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Chocolates incurs these costs for the month: What is the conversion cost?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9666}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04414", "question_text": "The length and width of a rectangular room are measured to be 3\\text{.}{\\text{955} \\pm 0}\\text{.}\\text{005}\\ \\text{m} and 3\\text{.}{\\text{050} \\pm 0}\\text{.}\\text{005}\\ \\text{m} . Calculate the area of the room and its uncertainty in square meters.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18104", "question_text": "Use the Venn diagram below to describe the relationship between the sets, symbolically and in words:", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17804", "question_text": "Calculate the following:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03765", "question_text": "Review [Figure 3.4](3-1-demand-supply-and-equilibrium-in-markets-for-goods- and-services) . Suppose the price of gasoline is $1.60 per gallon. Is the quantity demanded higher or lower than at the equilibrium price of $1.40 per gallon? What about the quantity supplied? Is there a shortage or a surplus in the market? If so, how much?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6229}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20656", "question_text": "How do you convert a series of nominal economic data over time to real terms?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9787}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15796", "question_text": "What is the restoring force?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7622}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21721", "question_text": "Which of the following is not a regional IGO?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20919", "question_text": "How does a monetary policy of inflation target work?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7331}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00964", "question_text": "7\\left( {x + 9} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8371}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06655", "question_text": "It is unlikely that a process can be isothermal unless it is a very slow process. Explain why. Is the same true for isobaric and isochoric processes? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6818}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07594", "question_text": "(a) What is the maximum frictional force in the knee joint of a person who supports 66.0 kg of her mass on that knee? (b) During strenuous exercise, it is possible to exert forces to the joints that are easily 10 times greater than the weight being supported. What is the maximum force of friction under such conditions? The frictional forces in joints are relatively small in all circumstances except when the joints deteriorate, such as from injury or arthritis. Increased frictional forces can cause further damage and pain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6752}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23439", "question_text": "A measurement is considered ________ if it actually measures what it is intended to measure, according to the topic of the study.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12033", "question_text": "To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides along the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9858}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01605", "question_text": "\\frac{6x}{25} \\div \\frac{9y}{20}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.906}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26668", "question_text": "The nurse is working with a client who has diverticulitis and has been prescribed ciprofloxacin. Which food should this client avoid while taking this medication?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5277}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09849", "question_text": "When considering the issue of work-life balance, which of the following points does not apply?    A. Each employee probably assesses this differently.   B. Managers and workers as cohorts often have different perspectives on it.   C. Workers with families at home should be entitled to a \u201cbetter\u201d balance.   D. All employees have a right to pursue this.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9362}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26632", "question_text": "When should the nurse perform a bladder scan to determine a client\u00e2\u0080\u0099s PVR?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9457}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08329", "question_text": "The justices of the Supreme Court are ________.    A. elected by citizens   B. chosen by the Congress   C. confirmed by the president   D. nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9104}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06956", "question_text": "Shown below are the results of an experiment where four devices were connected across a variable voltage source. The voltage is increased and the current is measured. Which device, if any, is an ohmic device?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9659}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18443", "question_text": "How much per month must be paid into an ordinary annuity so its future value is $150,000 after 10 years if the annuity earns 3.85% interest compounded monthly?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16203", "question_text": "What doesIstand for in the equation\u00ce\u00b2(dB)=10log10\u00e2\u0081\u00a1(II0)? What is its unit?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.875}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23676", "question_text": "Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25585", "question_text": "The Pony Parts Tack Shop had total asset turnover of 1.8., 2.1, and 2.4 over the last three years, respectively. What can you learn about how well the Pony Parts management team is managing their total assets using this information?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9202}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26704", "question_text": "Which action will the nurse take when administering a subcutaneous enoxaparin injection?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6765}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02903", "question_text": "A major textile dye manufacturer developed a new yellow dye. The dye has a percent composition of 75.95% C, 17.72% N, and 6.33% H by mass with a molar mass of about 240 g/mol. Determine the molecular formula of the dye.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5916}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22202", "question_text": "List some of the risk factors associated with the development of PTSD following a traumatic event.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25484", "question_text": "One way consumers evaluate alternatives is by identifying the \u00e2\u0080\u009cbundle of attributes\u00e2\u0080\u009d of a product or service. Assume that you\u00e2\u0080\u0099re in the market for a new smartphone. What would that bundle of attributes look like? In other words, what attributes do you consider important, and how would you rank the importance of these features on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the attribute of greatest importance and 1 being the attribute of lowest importance? Some attributes are already listed, but you can add your own attributes as well. CompleteTable 3.2with your rankings.AttributesConsideredImportance ofAttributeStorageBattery LifeProcessingPriceEase of UseDurabilityCamera QualityTable3.2The Bundle of Attributes", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08735", "question_text": "A positive-strand RNA virus:    A. must first be converted to a mRNA before it can be translated.   B. can be used directly to translate viral proteins.   C. will be degraded by host enzymes.   D. is not recognized by host ribosomes.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5637}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01673", "question_text": "6p > 15p - 30", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5415}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22147", "question_text": "During an encounter judged as stressful, cortisol is released by the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9793}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04962", "question_text": "(a) Common transparent tape becomes charged when pulled from a dispenser. If one piece is placed above another, the repulsive force can be great enough to support the top piece\u2019s weight. Assuming equal point charges (only an approximation), calculate the magnitude of the charge if electrostatic force is great enough to support the weight of a 10.0 mg piece of tape held 1.00 cm above another. (b) Discuss whether the magnitude of this charge is consistent with what is typical of static electricity.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.884}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17014", "question_text": "What are the formulas for the three steps in the proton-proton chain?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08899", "question_text": "Match the correct molecule with its description:  ___tRNA   ___rRNA   ___mRNA | A. is a major component of ribosome   B. is a copy of the information in a gene   C. carries an amino acid to the ribosome   ---|---", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.761}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24336", "question_text": "Which of the following didnotcontribute to Lincoln\u00e2\u0080\u0099s victory in the election of 1860? the split between northern and southern Democratsthe defeat of the Whig partyLincoln\u00e2\u0080\u0099s improved national standing after his senatorial debates with Stephen Douglasthe Constitutional Union party\u00e2\u0080\u0099s further splintering the vote", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9684}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26369", "question_text": "FindP(Z\u00e2\u0088\u00aaS)P(Z\u00e2\u0088\u00aaS).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15841", "question_text": "What is the rotational analog of distance?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5401}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02651", "question_text": "P_{1} = \\left( {6,11} \\right),P_{2} = \\left( {- 2,8} \\right),P_{3} = \\left( {0, - 1} \\right) and P_{4} = \\left( {- 8,2} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9382}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19912", "question_text": "What factor offers the cloud environment flexibility, utilization of system resources, scalability, and a cost factor that is scalable?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6527}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19543", "question_text": "What is the current state of patterns management today and are there exhaustive sources of patterns that can be easily consulted? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9944}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14212", "question_text": "A student solved the following problem and found [N2O4] = 0.16Mat equilibrium. How could this student recognize that the answer was wrong without reworking the problem? The problem was: What is the equilibrium concentration of N2O4in a mixture formed from a sample of NO2with a concentration of 0.10M? 2NO2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cN2O4(g)Kc=1602NO2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cN2O4(g)Kc=160", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9748}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15037", "question_text": "Freeze-dried foods have been dehydrated in a vacuum. During the process, the food freezes and must be heated to facilitate dehydration. Explain both how the vacuum speeds up dehydration and why the food freezes as a result.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5549}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11408", "question_text": "Mesohyl contains:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9833}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20115", "question_text": "Who is responsible for obtaining informed consent from individuals or companies before collecting their data?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9233}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10627", "question_text": "The new protest tactic against segregation used by students in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960 was the ________.    A. boycott   B. guerilla theater   C. teach-in   D. sit-in", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.577}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22283", "question_text": "How does attachment differ from bonding in children?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01956", "question_text": "R(x) = f(x) \\cdot g(x)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9518}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01555", "question_text": "u\\left( {u - 10} \\right) + 3 = 0", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7094}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25169", "question_text": "Can you think of a product you or someone you know adopted early only to watch it fall into the diffusion chasm between early adopters and early majority adopters? What was that product, and why do you think it failed to make it across that gap?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9932}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22229", "question_text": "A high school teacher is teaching students about memory skills. What area of study within developmental psychology is this?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22166", "question_text": "Review the items on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Select one of the items and discuss how it might bring about distress and eustress.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7613}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23889", "question_text": "What group created the Millennium Development Goals?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26595", "question_text": "The nurse is caring for a client with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. Which food should the nurse educate the client to avoid?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9593}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24876", "question_text": "\u00e2\u0080\u009cControl\u00e2\u0080\u009d as used in this section does not refer to which of the following? reverencephr\u00c3\u00b3n\u00c4\u0093sistemperanceConfucian self-regulation", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6548}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07185", "question_text": "A square bar of mass _m_ and resistance _R_ is sliding without friction down very long, parallel conducting rails of negligible resistance (see below). The two rails are a distance _l_ apart and are connected to each other at the bottom of the incline by a zero-resistance wire. The rails are inclined at an angle \\theta , and there is a uniform vertical magnetic field \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} throughout the region. (a) Show that the bar acquires a terminal velocity given by v = \\frac{mgR\\ \\text{sin}\\ \\theta}{B^{2}l^{2}\\text{cos}^{2}\\theta}. (b) Calculate the work per unit time done by the force of gravity. (c) Compare this with the power dissipated in the Joule heating of the bar. (d) What would happen if \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} were reversed?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06938", "question_text": "The dielectric to be used in a parallel-plate capacitor has a dielectric constant of 3.60 and a dielectric strength of 1.60\\ \\times \\ 10^{7}\\ {\\text{V}\\text{/}\\text{m}} . The capacitor has to have a capacitance of 1.25 nF and must be able to withstand a maximum potential difference 5.5 kV. What is the minimum area the plates of the capacitor may have?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9402}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05642", "question_text": "People who do very detailed work close up, such as jewelers, often can see objects clearly at much closer distance than the normal 25 cm. (a) What is the power of the eyes of a woman who can see an object clearly at a distance of only 8.00 cm? (b) What is the image size of a 1.00-mm object, such as lettering inside a ring, held at this distance? (c) What would the size of the image be if the object were held at the normal 25.0 cm distance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8779}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08998", "question_text": "In an autoclave, the application of pressure to ________ is increased to allow the steam to achieve temperatures above the boiling point of water.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18229", "question_text": "A  single long table can seat 8 people, 3 on each side and 1 on each end. If a second table is added to the first, end to end, then 14 people can sit at the table, 6 per side and 1 at each end. Adding another table adds another 6 people. How many people can sit at a table made by placing 10 of these tables end to end?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9895}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06291", "question_text": "What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world?    A. Resources and money   B. Student interest   C. Teacher interest   D. Transportation", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9787}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11634", "question_text": "A(n) ________ neuron has one axon and one dendrite extending directly from the cell body.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9915}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05784", "question_text": "(a) What visible wavelength has its fourth-order maximum at an angle of 25.0\\text{\u00b0} when projected on a 25,000-line per centimeter diffraction grating? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9876}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08480", "question_text": "f(x) = \\left\\\\{ \\begin{array}{lll} {|x| - 1,} & {if} & {x \\neq 1} \\\\\\ {x^{3},} & {if} & {x = 1} \\end{array} \\right.\\text{~~}a = 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9656}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04810", "question_text": "In some countries, liquid nitrogen is used on dairy trucks instead of mechanical refrigerators. A 3.00-hour delivery trip requires 200 L of liquid nitrogen, which has a density of \\text{808}\\text{~kg/m}^{3} .(a) Calculate the heat transfer necessary to evaporate this amount of liquid nitrogen and raise its temperature to 3\\text{.}\\text{00\u00ba}\\text{C} . (Use c_{p} and assume it is constant over the temperature range.) This value is the amount of cooling the liquid nitrogen supplies.(b) What is this heat transfer rate in kilowatt- hours? (c) Compare the amount of cooling obtained from melting an identical mass of 0\u00ba\\text{C} ice with that from evaporating the liquid nitrogen.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14395", "question_text": "Calculate the equilibrium concentration of Cu2+in a solution initially with 0.050MCu2+and 1.00MNH3.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01050", "question_text": "Solve the formula 4x + 3y = 6 for _y_   \u24d0 when x = -2   \u24d1 in general", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9966}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14288", "question_text": "The pH of a 0.23-Msolution of HF is 1.92. DetermineKafor HF from these data.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5018}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02833", "question_text": "The diameter of a red blood cell is about 3 \\times 10 \u22124 in. What is its diameter in centimeters?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7197}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07338", "question_text": "Tectonic plates are large segments of Earth\u2019s crust that move slowly. Suppose one such plate has an average speed of 4.0 cm/yr. (a) What distance does it move in 1.0 s at this speed? (b) What is its speed in kilometers per million years?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9871}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10745", "question_text": "Antibiotics are medicines that are used to fight bacterial infections. These medicines kill prokaryotic cells without harming human cells. What part or parts of the bacterial cell do you think antibiotics target? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26187", "question_text": "LO8.1What elements require consideration before establishing an overhead standard?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4608}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11272", "question_text": "Protists that have a pellicle are surrounded by ______________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9917}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10899", "question_text": "The first level of DNA organization in a eukaryotic cell is maintained by which molecule?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9546}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16788", "question_text": "The largest observatory complex in the world is on Maunakea, the tallest mountain on Earth. What are some factors astronomers consider when selecting an observatory site? Don\u00e2\u0080\u0099t forget practical ones. Should astronomers, for example, consider building an observatory on Denali (Mount McKinley) or Mount Everest?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5346}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00764", "question_text": "When the boat reaches the shore, two ropes are thrown to people to help pull the boat ashore. One rope is at an angle of 25\\text{\u00b0} and the other is at 35\\text{\u00b0}. If the boat must be pulled straight and at a force of 500\\text{N}, find the magnitude of force for each rope (see the following figure).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25636", "question_text": "Many popular-press articles claim that growth investing is \u00e2\u0080\u009cclearly better\u00e2\u0080\u009d than value investing or that value investing is \u00e2\u0080\u009cdead.\u00e2\u0080\u009d How would you respond to proponents of growth investing after observing Figure 12.15?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7548}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16214", "question_text": "What is the possible number of nodes and antinodes along one full wavelength of a standing wave?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22674", "question_text": "Postpartum changes to the body of the person who has given birth can result in what changes to feet?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9891}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02891", "question_text": "Determine the mass of each of the following: (a) 2.345 mol LiCl (b) 0.0872 mol acetylene, C 2 H 2 (c) 3.3 \\times 10 \u22122 mol Na 2 CO 3 (d) 1.23 \\times 10 3 mol fructose, C 6 H 12 O 6 (e) 0.5758 mol FeSO 4 (H 2 O) 7", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15080", "question_text": "Explain how water\u00e2\u0080\u0099s entropy can decrease when it freezes without violating the second law of thermodynamics. Specifically, explain what happens to the entropy of its surroundings.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5407}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26690", "question_text": "The parent of a school-age client asks the nurse, \u00e2\u0080\u009cWhat is the difference between acetaminophen and Tylenol? Acetaminophen is much cheaper than Tylenol at the pharmacy. Your instructions state that my child should take 160 mg of Tylenol every 6 hours for fever if needed.\u00e2\u0080\u009d What is the nurse\u00e2\u0080\u0099sbestresponse?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3395}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15653", "question_text": "A car traveling at 10 m/s is traveling at twice the velocity 10 s later. If you made a velocity graph of this motion, what information would be obtained from the area under the graph?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13476", "question_text": "Fill in the blank with a single chemical formula for a covalent compound that will balance the equation:", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06891", "question_text": "The probability of fusion occurring is greatly enhanced when appropriate nuclei are brought close together, but mutual Coulomb repulsion must be overcome. This can be done using the kinetic energy of high-temperature gas ions or by accelerating the nuclei toward one another. (a) Calculate the potential energy of two singly charged nuclei separated by 1.00\\ \\times \\ 10^{-12}\\ \\text{m}\\text{.} (b) At what temperature will atoms of a gas have an average kinetic energy equal to this needed electrical potential energy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25880", "question_text": "LO9.4What is an earnings management benefit from showing a reduced figure for bad debt expense?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9143}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04401", "question_text": "The speed limit on some interstate highways is roughly 100 km/h. (a) What is this in meters per second? (b) How many miles per hour is this?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8639}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14703", "question_text": "Which of the following nuclei lie within the band of stability shown inFigure 21.2? (a) argon-40 (b) oxygen-16 (c)122Ba (d)58Ni (e)205Tl (f)210Tl (g)226Ra (h) magnesium-24", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07871", "question_text": "The blades of a wind turbine are 30 m in length and rotate at a maximum rotation rate of 20 rev/min. (a) If the blades are 6000 kg each and the rotor assembly has three blades, calculate the angular momentum of the turbine at this rotation rate. (b) What is the torque require to rotate the blades up to the maximum rotation rate in 5 minutes?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13931", "question_text": "Neon and HF have approximately the same molecular masses. (a) Explain why the boiling points of Neon and HF differ. (b) Compare the change in the boiling points of Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe with the change of the boiling points of HF, HCl, HBr, and HI, and explain the difference between the changes with increasing atomic or molecular mass.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22090", "question_text": "Cognitive dissonance causes discomfort because it disrupts our sense of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06409", "question_text": "Why do courts usually seat seven to nine jurors rather than six or twelve in most patent cases?    A. You need an odd number of jurors to break a tie vote on the verdict.   B. Six jurors won\u2019t be enough for a legal verdict if one is excused during trial, and twelve jurors will likely take too long to decide the case.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03284", "question_text": "In the nuclear industry, chlorine trifluoride is used to prepare uranium hexafluoride, a volatile compound of uranium used in the separation of uranium isotopes. Chlorine trifluoride is prepared by the reaction \\text{Cl}_{2}(g) + \\text{3F}_{2}(g)\\ \\longrightarrow\\ \\text{2ClF}_{3}(g). Write the equation that relates the rate expressions for this reaction in terms of the disappearance of Cl 2 and F 2 and the formation of ClF 3 .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9917}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07562", "question_text": "If two tugboats pull on a disabled vessel, as shown here in an overhead view, the disabled vessel will be pulled along the direction indicated by the result of the exerted forces. (a) Draw a free-body diagram for the vessel. Assume no friction or drag forces affect the vessel. (b) Did you include all forces in the overhead view in your free-body diagram? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26901", "question_text": "A nurse is explaining administration instructions for a client who is starting alirocumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor. Which statement will the nurse include in the instructions?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9849}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25516", "question_text": "Several companies come to mind when we think about great integrated marketing communications; Target and Gap are two of those. Consider other companies that have campaigns that you recognize in any form of marketing that truly stand out. What makes them memorable?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.671}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26314", "question_text": "LO13.1What is the value of triple bottom line reporting to users? What is the cost to the company to provide this extra information?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6167}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25265", "question_text": "Discuss how market research can benefit entrepreneurs.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3901}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18387", "question_text": "In budgeting, what is the difference between an expense that is a need and an expense that is a want?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08040", "question_text": "Do you think there is any harmonic motion in the physical world that is not damped harmonic motion? Try to make a list of five examples of undamped harmonic motion and damped harmonic motion. Which list was easier to make?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9917}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16795", "question_text": "Which type of planets have the most moons? Where did these moons likely originate?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20052", "question_text": "What does the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) primarily do?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8654}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26688", "question_text": "The nurse is caring for an older adult client and recognizes which musculoskeletal manifestation is most likely to benefit from increasing leucine consumption?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6048}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07753", "question_text": "A 35-kg child rides a relatively massless sled down a hill and then coasts along the flat section at the bottom, where a second 35-kg child jumps on the sled as it passes by her. If the speed of the sled is 3.5 m/s before the second child jumps on, what is its speed after she jumps on?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9847}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21935", "question_text": "What is the effect of prosocial modeling and antisocial modeling?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01264", "question_text": "\\frac{10^{25}}{10^{5}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5689}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26095", "question_text": "LO3.4Explain what a sales mix is and how changes in the sales mix affect the break-even point.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10933", "question_text": "Rb is a negative regulator that blocks the cell cycle at the G1checkpoint until the cell achieves a requisite size. What molecular mechanism does Rb employ to halt the cell cycle?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8672}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24567", "question_text": "What was the reason for the breakdown in friendly relations between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II? What were the results of this conflict?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9775}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04318", "question_text": "[LO 12.1](12-1-identify-and-describe-current-liabilities) What is the difference between a noncurrent liability and a current liability?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9827}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17362", "question_text": "Penzias and Wilson\u00e2\u0080\u0099s discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is a nice example of scientificserendipity\u00e2\u0080\u0094something that is found by chance but turns out to have a positive outcome. What were they looking for and what did they discover?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24383", "question_text": "Describe the philosophy of Manifest Destiny. What effect did it have on Americans\u00e2\u0080\u0099 westward migration? How might the different groups that migrated have sought to apply this philosophy to their individual circumstances?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9898}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18319", "question_text": "Solvex2+7x+12=15x\u00e2\u0088\u00923by factoring.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9583}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16884", "question_text": "What is the composition of clouds on Mars?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7875}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21968", "question_text": "Describe a situation in which cultural intelligence would help you communicate better.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04037", "question_text": "Using the data in [Table 32.3](32-self-check-questions#Ch32Mod01Tab03) , rank the seven regions of the world according to GDP and then according to GDP per capita.  | Population (in millions) | GDP Per Capita | GDP = Population \u00d7 Per Capita GDP (in millions)   ---|---|---|---   East Asia and Pacific | 2,006 | $5,536 | $10,450,032   South Asia | 1,671 | $1,482 | $2,288,812   Sub-Saharan Africa | 936.1 | $1,657 | $1,287,650   Latin America and Caribbean | 588 | $9,536 | $5,339,390   Middle East and North Africa | 345.4 | $3,456 | $1,541,900   Europe and Central Asia | 272.2 | $7,118 | $1,862,384   Table 32.3 GDP and Population of Seven Regions of the World", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7043}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17601", "question_text": "Acontinuousprobability function is restricted to the portion betweenx= 0 and 7. What isP(x= 10)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4121}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12690", "question_text": "Which chamber initially receives blood from the systemic circuit?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9858}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12977", "question_text": "What are the major structures comprising the filtration membrane?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9636}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19294", "question_text": "Why does the execution speed of software matter? Describe a scenario where slow execution speed would impact a computer user negatively.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5271}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11008", "question_text": "Explain how the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance helped to advance our understanding of genetics.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5737}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24112", "question_text": "The series of attempts by Christian armies to retake the Holy Lands from Muslims was known as ________. the Crusadesthe Reconquistathe Black Deaththe Silk Road", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8546}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17245", "question_text": "Einstein\u00e2\u0080\u0099s general theory of relativity made or allowed us to make predictions about the outcome of several experiments that had not yet been carried out at the time the theory was first published. Describe three experiments that verified the predictions of the theory after Einstein proposed it.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9692}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04804", "question_text": "(a) How much heat transfer is necessary to raise the temperature of a 0.200-kg piece of ice from - \\text{20.}0\u00ba\\text{C} to \\text{130\u00ba}\\text{C} , including the energy needed for phase changes?   (b) How much time is required for each stage, assuming a constant 20.0 kJ/s rate of heat transfer?   (c) Make a graph of temperature versus time for this process.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02818", "question_text": "Is a meter about an inch, a foot, a yard, or a mile?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9274}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17926", "question_text": "Is the population standard deviation known or unknown?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5091}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06097", "question_text": "A rare decay mode has been observed in which {}^{222}\\text{R}\\text{a} emits a {}^{14}\\text{C} nucleus. (a) The decay equation is {}^{222}\\text{Ra}\\rightarrow{}^{A}\\text{X} + {}^{14}\\text{C} . Identify the nuclide {}^{A}\\text{X} . (b) Find the energy emitted in the decay. The mass of {}^{222}\\text{Ra} is 222.015353 u.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8036}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15997", "question_text": "Why is there no change in temperature during a phase change, even if energy is absorbed by the system?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9594}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22942", "question_text": "To receive IACUC approval, an animal study must:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7024}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15717", "question_text": "True or False\u00e2\u0080\u0094A rocket is launched into space and escapes Earth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s gravitational pull. It will continue to travel in a straight line until it is acted on by another force.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9767}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16618", "question_text": "How many degrees does the Sun move per day relative to the fixed stars? How many days does it take for the Sun to return to its original location relative to the fixed stars?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8472}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26296", "question_text": "LO12.1Is there a way to prevent managers from focusing on accounting measures as performance measures?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9897}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24374", "question_text": "What specific types of hardships did an average American farmernotface as he built his homestead in the Midwest? droughtsinsect swarmsattacks from Native Americanslimited building supplies", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8897}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04304", "question_text": "[LO 11.3](11-3-explain-and-apply-depreciation-methods-to-allocate-capitalized- costs) Explain the difference between depreciation, depletion, and amortization.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9719}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09603", "question_text": "[LO 9.4](9-4-describe-the-effects-of-various-decisions-on-performance- evaluation-of-responsibility-centers) Discuss the concept of controllable and uncontrollable costs and how they affect the evaluation of the responsibility center\u2019s financial performance.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9493}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10417", "question_text": "5x + y = 10    A. \u24d0 (5,1)(5,1)   B. \u24d1 (2,0)(2,0)   C. \u24d2 (4,\u221210)(4,\u221210)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3786}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14672", "question_text": "Give the complete IUPAC name for each of the following compounds: (a) (b) (c)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5864}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15615", "question_text": "How could knowledge of physics help you find a faster way to drive from your house to your school?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9648}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02173", "question_text": "The perimeter of a rectangle is 58 meters and its area is 210 square meters. Find the length and width of the rectangle.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22810", "question_text": "Discuss the pros and cons of aging in place compared to moving to an assisted living facility. Consider factors such as independence, safety, cost, and socialization in your analysis.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07244", "question_text": "A 100-mH inductor is connected across the emf of the preceding problem. (a) What is the reactance of the inductor? (b) Write an expression for the current through the inductor.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07593", "question_text": "A 2.00 kg block (mass 1) and a 4.00 kg block (mass 2) are connected by a light string as shown; the inclination of the ramp is 40.0\\text{\u00b0} . Friction is negligible. What is (a) the acceleration of each block and (b) the tension in the string?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5128}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09940", "question_text": "Eight more than x is equal to 35.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7512}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25036", "question_text": "The Age Discrimination Act only applies to employers with 20 or more employees.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7808}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21839", "question_text": "________ is one way in which people can help reset their biological clocks.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7018}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07506", "question_text": "An elephant is located on Earth\u2019s surface at a latitude \\lambda. Calculate the centripetal acceleration of the elephant resulting from the rotation of Earth around its polar axis. Express your answer in terms of \\lambda, the radius R_{E} of Earth, and time _T_ for one rotation of Earth. Compare your answer with _g_ for \\lambda = 40\\text{\u00b0}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9935}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09710", "question_text": "What challenges does Rawlsian justice theory present when it comes to the redistribution of goods and services in society?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9805}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18378", "question_text": "The retail price of an item is $345.38 and sales tax in the region is 8.25%. How much is the sales tax?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5579}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22395", "question_text": "What play differences should be recommended for children based on their gender identity or sex assigned at birth?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24127", "question_text": "Where did the Protestant Reformation begin? Northern EuropeSpainEnglandthe American colonies", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07829", "question_text": "A flywheel ( I = 100.0{\\ \\text{kg-m}}^{2} ) rotating at 500.0 rev/min is brought to rest by friction in 2.0 min. What is the frictional torque on the flywheel?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9835}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13472", "question_text": "Consider molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations. (a) What is the difference between these types of equations? (b) In what circumstance would the complete and net ionic equations for a reaction be identical?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01181", "question_text": "\\left\\\\{ \\begin{array}{l} {3x + y = 6} \\\\\\ {x + 3y = -6} \\end{array} \\right.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9907}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20867", "question_text": "If aggregate supply is vertical, what role does aggregate demand play in determining output? In determining the price level?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24174", "question_text": "Which of the following was a cause of the British National Debt in 1763? drought in Great Britainthe French and Indian Warthe continued British military presence in the American coloniesboth B and C", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07643", "question_text": "Most electrical appliances are rated in watts. Does this rating depend on how long the appliance is on? (When off, it is a zero-watt device.) Explain in terms of the definition of power.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17791", "question_text": "Identify the following specifications:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21910", "question_text": "Take a look at the following figure. How might you influence whether people see a duck or a rabbit? Figure5.30", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9368}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11093", "question_text": "In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic modifications turns off genes that are normally expressed. Hypothetically, how could you reverse this process to turn these genes back on?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9453}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02341", "question_text": "Graph this piecewise function: f(x) = \\left\\\\{ \\begin{array}{l} {x + 1\\mspace{9mu}\\text{~~~~~~~}x < \\- 2} \\\\\\ {- 2x - 3\\mspace{9mu}\\text{~~}x \\geq - 2} \\end{array} \\right.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.99}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06059", "question_text": "At what temperature, in terms of T_{C} , is the critical field of a superconductor one-half its value at T = 0\\ \\text{K} ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6961}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07628", "question_text": "Two blocks connected by a string are pulled across a horizontal surface by a force applied to one of the blocks, as shown below. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the blocks and the surface is 0.Y. If each block has an acceleration of 2.0\\ \\text{m/s}^{2} to the right, what is the magnitude _F_ of the applied force?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9642}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05483", "question_text": "Unreasonable Results A physicist scatters \\gamma rays from a substance and sees evidence of a nucleus 7.5 \\times 10^{\u201313}\\ \\text{m} in radius. (a) Find the atomic mass of such a nucleus. (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) What is unreasonable about the assumption?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9885}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13419", "question_text": "Determine the mass of each of the following: (a) 2.345 mol LiCl (b) 0.0872 mol acetylene, C2H2 (c) 3.3\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00922mol Na2CO3 (d) 1.23\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u0097103mol fructose, C6H12O6 (e) 0.5758 mol FeSO4(H2O)7", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7837}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14657", "question_text": "Write Lewis structures and name the five structural isomers of hexane.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00989", "question_text": "\\text{\u2212}|x| when x = -2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3837}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11398", "question_text": "Approximately how many mass extinction events occurred throughout the evolutionary history of animals?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08746", "question_text": "The ____________ _____________ on the bacteriophage allow for binding to the bacterial cell.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4895}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18713", "question_text": "A prescription calls for a patient to receive 17 mg of a drug to be taken in oral form. If the pills are available in 3.4 mg, how many pills will the patient need daily?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9915}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05675", "question_text": "Find the focal length of a thin plano-convex lens. The front surface of this lens is flat, and the rear surface has a radius of curvature of R_{2} = -35\\ \\text{cm} . Assume that the index of refraction of the lens is 1.5.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07132", "question_text": "(a) Use the result of the previous problem to calculate the magnetic field between, above, and below the pair of infinite sheets shown in the accompanying figure. (b) Repeat your calculations if the direction of the current in the lower sheet is reversed.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04974", "question_text": "Earth has a net charge that produces an electric field of approximately 150 N/C downward at its surface. (a) What is the magnitude and sign of the excess charge, noting the electric field of a conducting sphere is equivalent to a point charge at its center? (b) What acceleration will the field produce on a free electron near Earth\u2019s surface? (c) What mass object with a single extra electron will have its weight supported by this field?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8756}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06621", "question_text": "The product of the pressure and volume of a sample of hydrogen gas at 0.00\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} is 80.0 J. (a) How many moles of hydrogen are present? (b) What is the average translational kinetic energy of the hydrogen molecules? (c) What is the value of the product of pressure and volume at 200\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C?}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.938}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12826", "question_text": "Which of the following occurs during the chloride shift?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01089", "question_text": "Angel\u2019s got a raise in his annual salary from $55,400 to $56,\u0351. Find the percent increase.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4901}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04969", "question_text": "(a) Find the total Coulomb force on a charge of 2.00 nC located at x = 4.00\\ cm in [Figure 18.48](18-problems-exercises#fs-id1996672) (b), given that {q = 1.00}\\ \\text{\u03bcC} . (b) Find the _x_ -position at which the electric field is zero in [Figure 18.48](18-problems-exercises#fs-id1996672) (b).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14478", "question_text": "Identify each half-reaction below as either oxidation or reduction. (a)Cl\u00e2\u0088\u0092\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Cl2Cl\u00e2\u0088\u0092\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Cl2 (b)Mn2+\u00e2\u009f\u00b6MnO2Mn2+\u00e2\u009f\u00b6MnO2 (c)H2\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H+H2\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H+ (d)NO3\u00e2\u0088\u0092\u00e2\u009f\u00b6NONO3\u00e2\u0088\u0092\u00e2\u009f\u00b6NO", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9617}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05334", "question_text": "If a galaxy moving away from the Earth has a speed of 1000\\ km/s and emits \\text{656 nm} light characteristic of hydrogen (the most common element in the universe). (a) What wavelength would we observe on the Earth? (b) What type of electromagnetic radiation is this? (c) Why is the speed of the Earth in its orbit negligible here?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05499", "question_text": "Verify that the total number of nucleons, total charge, and electron family number are conserved for each of the fusion reactions in the proton-proton cycle in   {{}^{1}{\\text{H} + {}^{1}}\\text{H}\\rightarrow{}^{2}{{\\text{H} + e^{+}} + v_{\\text{e}}}}{}, {{}^{1}{\\text{H} + {}^{2}}\\text{H}\\rightarrow{}^{3}{\\text{He} + \\gamma}}{}, and {{}^{3}{\\text{He} + {}^{3}}\\text{He}\\rightarrow{}^{4}{\\text{He} + {}^{1}}{\\text{H} + {}^{1}}\\text{H}}. (List the value of each of the conserved quantities before and after each of the reactions.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5666}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06678", "question_text": "An ideal gas expands isothermally along AB and does 700 J of work (see below). (a) How much heat does the gas exchange along AB? (b) The gas then expands adiabatically along BC and does 400 J of work. When the gas returns to A along CA, it exhausts 100 J of heat to its surroundings. How much work is done on the gas along this path?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23010", "question_text": "Which of the following have receptive fields?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18091", "question_text": "Determine if setsAandBare equal, equivalent, or neither:A={a,b,c}andB={1,2,3}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7186}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14948", "question_text": "How do gases differ from liquids?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05390", "question_text": "Unreasonable Results (a) Assuming it is nonrelativistic, calculate the velocity of an electron with a 0.100-fm wavelength (small enough to detect details of a nucleus). (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12553", "question_text": "Which type of drug could be used to treat asthma by opening airways wider?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9796}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04119", "question_text": "[LO 3.3](3-3-define-and-describe-the-initial-steps-in-the-accounting-cycle) ________ takes all transactions from the journal during a period and moves the information to a general ledger (ledger).    A. Hitching   B. Posting   C. Vetting   D. Laxing", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8583}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00958", "question_text": "\u24d0 10 \u24d1 - \\ \\frac{4}{9} \u24d2 0.6", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8943}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27066", "question_text": "A transgender client comes to the clinic to start initial FTM-transition hormone therapy with testosterone. Which laboratory test does the nurse recognize as being the most important one to do before starting therapy?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9773}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17157", "question_text": "We have said repeatedly that blue light undergoes more extinction than red light, which is true for visible and shorter wavelengths. Is the same true for X-rays? Look atFigure 20.19. The most dust is in the galactic plane in the middle of the image, and the red color in the image corresponds to the reddest (lowest-energy) light. Based on what you see in the galactic plane, are X-rays experiencing more extinction at redder or bluer colors? You might consider comparingFigure 20.19toFigure 20.14.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9925}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21020", "question_text": "Explain why is it difficult to set aside funds for investment when you are in poverty.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4834}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20802", "question_text": "What are the components of the aggregate demand (AD) curve?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5855}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10633", "question_text": "The blue-collar workers who Nixon called \u201cthe silent majority\u201d ________.    A. fled to the suburbs to avoid integration   B. wanted to replace existing social institutions with cooperatives   C. opposed the war in Vietnam   D. believed their opinions were overlooked in the political process", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24613", "question_text": "Bill Clinton helped create a large free market among Canada, the United States, and Mexico with ratification of the ________ treaty. NAFTANATOOrganization of American StatesAlliance for Progress", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5886}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12353", "question_text": "Define how joints are classified based on function. Describe and give an example for each functional type of joint.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8285}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01645", "question_text": "0.25\\left( {q - 8} \\right) = 0.1\\left( {q + 7} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7522}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13559", "question_text": "A piece of unknown substance weighs 44.7 g and requires 2110 J to increase its temperature from 23.2 \u00c2\u00b0C to 89.6 \u00c2\u00b0C. (a) What is the specific heat of the substance? (b) If it is one of the substances found inTable 5.1, what is its likely identity?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10589", "question_text": "Which of the following was _not_ a destabilizing factor immediately following the end of the war?    A. a flu pandemic   B. a women\u2019s liberation movement   C. high inflation and economic uncertainty   D. political paranoia", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9932}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25854", "question_text": "LO8.5What is the role of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9465}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05912", "question_text": "A 0.75-nm photon is scattered by a stationary electron. The speed of the electron\u2019s recoil is 1.5\\ \\times \\ 10^{6}\\text{m/s}. (a) Find the wavelength shift of the photon. (b) Find the scattering angle of the photon.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09189", "question_text": "Suppose you need to quantify the level of CD8 T cells in the blood of a patient recovering from influenza. You treat a sample of the patient\u2019s white blood cells using a fluorescent mAb against CD8, pass the cells through a flow cytometer, and produce the histogram shown below. The area under the peak to the left (blue) is three times greater than the area of the peak on the right (red). What can you determine from these data?    A. There are no detectable CD8 cells.   B. There are three times as many CD4 cells than CD8 cells.   C. There are three times as many CD8 cells than CD4 cells.   D. CD8 cells make up about one-fourth of the total number of cells.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10369", "question_text": "{(x^{3})}^{5}{(x^{2})}^{3}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7521}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21172", "question_text": "The Supreme Court decision ruling that \u00e2\u0080\u009cseparate but equal\u00e2\u0080\u009d was constitutional and allowed racial segregation to take place was ________. Brown v. Board of EducationPlessy v. FergusonLoving v. VirginiaShelley v. Kraemer", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8494}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24924", "question_text": "The primary law prohibiting religious discrimination in the private sector workplace is ________. the First Amendment of the Constitutionstate lawTitle VII of the Civil Rights Actthe Declaration of Independence", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8884}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19037", "question_text": "When the boat reaches the shore, two ropes are thrown to people to help pull the boat ashore. One rope is at an angle of25\u00c2\u00b025\u00c2\u00b0and the other is at35\u00c2\u00b0.35\u00c2\u00b0.If the boat must be pulled straight and at a force of500N,500N,find the magnitude of force for each rope (see the following figure).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19419", "question_text": "What is the difference between variable passing by value versus passing by references?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16675", "question_text": "Two asteroids begin to gravitationally attract one another. If one asteroid has twice the mass of the other, which one experiences the greater force? Which one experiences the greater acceleration?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9204}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07571", "question_text": "To simulate the apparent weightlessness of space orbit, astronauts are trained in the hold of a cargo aircraft that is accelerating downward at _g_ . Why do they appear to be weightless, as measured by standing on a bathroom scale, in this accelerated frame of reference? Is there any difference between their apparent weightlessness in orbit and in the aircraft?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9588}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21199", "question_text": "How do polls affect presidential elections?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9265}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19292", "question_text": "Why do multiple computational models exist? Why don\u00e2\u0080\u0099t we just use one model for everything?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26663", "question_text": "The nurse is teaching a client about the nutritional needs of their adolescent child. Which information should be included in the education?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7938}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23302", "question_text": "How does the medullary respiratory control center (MRCC) indirectly sense blood oxygenation levels?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8299}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26402", "question_text": "A population has a mean of 17 and a standard deviation of 1.2. If it is sampled repeatedly with samples of size 50, what is the mean and standard deviation of the sample means?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9361}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11835", "question_text": "How does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism function? Why is it controlled by the kidneys?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04206", "question_text": "[LO 6.7](6-7-appendix-analyze-and-record-transactions-for-merchandise- purchases-and-sales-using-the-periodic-inventory-system) What is the difference in reporting requirements for customer-returned merchandise in sellable condition under a perpetual inventory system versus a periodic inventory system?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03759", "question_text": "Return to the example in [Figure 2.4](2-2-the-production-possibilities- frontier-and-social-choices) . Suppose there is an improvement in medical technology that enables more healthcare with the same amount of resources. How would this affect the production possibilities curve and, in particular, how would it affect the opportunity cost of education?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5941}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20085", "question_text": "A high school student is interested in determining the relationship between the weight of an object and the distance it can travel when launched from a catapult. To collect data for analysis, the student plans to launch objects of varying weight and then measure the corresponding distance traveled. Using this data, the student plans to plot a graph with weight on thex-axis and distance on they-axis. a.Will this data collection result in observational data or experimental data? b.How can the student gather the necessary data to establish this relationship?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7432}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08045", "question_text": "How much leeway (both percentage and mass) would you have in the selection of the mass of the object in the previous problem if you did not wish the new period to be greater than 2.01 s or less than 1.99 s?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8893}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11512", "question_text": "Compare a tap root system with a fibrous root system. For each type, name a plant that provides a food in the human diet. Which type of root system is found in monocots? Which type of root system is found in dicots?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25638", "question_text": "Explain the considerations that determine whether the mean or the median is the best measure of central tendency for a data set.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9166}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14874", "question_text": "Explain why it is easier to climb a mountain on a zigzag path rather than one straight up the side. Is your increase in gravitational potential energy the same in both cases? Is your energy consumption the same in both?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9829}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07442", "question_text": "A rescue helicopter is hovering over a person whose boat has sunk. One of the rescuers throws a life preserver straight down to the victim with an initial velocity of 1.40 m/s and observes that it takes 1.8 s to reach the water. (a) List the knowns in this problem. (b) How high above the water was the preserver released? Note that the downdraft of the helicopter reduces the effects of air resistance on the falling life preserver, so that an acceleration equal to that of gravity is reasonable.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7403}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01220", "question_text": "Translate to a system of inequalities and solve. Andi wants to spend no more than $50 on Halloween treats. She wants to buy candy bars that cost $1 each and lollipops that cost $0.50 each, and she wants the number of lollipops to be at least three times the number of candy bars.    A. \u24d0 Write a system of inequalities to model this situation.   B. \u24d1 Graph the system.   C. \u24d2 Can she buy 20 candy bars and 70 lollipops?   D. \u24d3 Can she buy 15 candy bars and 65 lollipops?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18804", "question_text": "Second derivative ofy=4x+x2sin(x)y=4x+x2sin(x)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5471}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09181", "question_text": "When using antisera to characterize bacteria, we will often link the antibodies to ________ to better visualize the agglutination.    A. latex beads   B. red blood cells   C. other bacteria   D. white blood cells", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7167}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11954", "question_text": "Describe the rate of population growth that would be expected at various parts of the S-shaped curve of logistic growth.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21116", "question_text": "Was Britain truly depriving colonists of their natural rights? Explain your reasoning.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9552}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16885", "question_text": "What is the composition of the polar caps on Mars?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9033}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09068", "question_text": "Why are emerging diseases with very few cases the focus of intense scrutiny?    A. They tend to be more deadly   B. They are increasing and therefore not controlled   C. They naturally have higher transmission rates   D. They occur more in developed countries", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06578", "question_text": "Indigenous people sometimes cook in watertight baskets by placing hot rocks into water to bring it to a boil. What mass of 500\\text{-}\\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} granite must be placed in 4.00 kg of 15.0\\text{-}\\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} water to bring its temperature to 100\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} , if 0.0250 kg of water escapes as vapor from the initial sizzle? You may neglect the effects of the surroundings.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8869}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03356", "question_text": "Complete the following partial ICE tables. (a) \\begin{array}{lllll} & {2\\text{SO}_{3}(g)} & \\rightleftharpoons & {2\\text{SO}_{2}(g) +} & {\\text{O}_{2}(g)} \\\\\\ \\text{change} & \\text{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_} & & \\text{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_} & {+ x} \\end{array} (b) \\begin{array}{llllll} & {4\\text{NH}_{3}(g)} & {+ \\ 3\\text{O}_{2}(g)} & \\rightleftharpoons & {2\\text{N}_{2}(g) +} & {6\\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(g)} \\\\\\ \\text{change} & \\text{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_} & {+ x} & & \\text{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_} & \\text{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_} \\end{array} (c) \\begin{array}{lllll} & {2\\text{CH}_{4}(g)} & \\rightleftharpoons & {\\text{C}_{2}\\text{H}_{2}(g) +} & {3\\text{H}_{2}(g)} \\\\\\ \\text{change} & \\text{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_} & & {+ x} & \\text{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_} \\end{array} (d) \\begin{array}{llllll} & {\\text{CH}_{4}(g) +} & {\\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(g)} & \\rightleftharpoons & {\\text{CO}(g) +} & {3\\text{H}_{2}(g)} \\\\\\ \\text{change} & \\text{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_} & {+ x} & & \\text{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_} & \\text{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_} \\end{array} (e) \\begin{array}{llll} {\\text{NH}_{4}\\text{Cl}(s)} & \\rightleftharpoons & {\\text{NH}_{3}(g) +} & {\\text{HCl}(g)} \\\\\\ \\text{change} & & {+ x} & \\text{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_} \\end{array} (f) \\begin{array}{clcl} {\\text{Ni}(s) +} & {4\\text{CO}(g)} & \\rightleftharpoons & {\\text{Ni}{(\\text{CO})}_{4}(g)} \\\\\\ \\text{change} & {+ x} & & \\text{\\\\_\\\\_\\\\_} \\end{array}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5793}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20818", "question_text": "What is the Keynesian zone of the SRAS curve? How much is the price level likely to change in the Keynesian zone?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9226}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21838", "question_text": "________ cycles occur roughly once every 24 hours.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05090", "question_text": "A heart defibrillator being used on a patient has an \\text{RC}{} time constant of 10.0 ms due to the resistance of the patient and the capacitance of the defibrillator. (a) If the defibrillator has an 8\\text{.}\\text{00-\u03bcF} capacitance, what is the resistance of the path through the patient? (You may neglect the capacitance of the patient and the resistance of the defibrillator.) (b) If the initial voltage is 12.0 kV, how long does it take to decline to 6.00 \\times 10^{2}\\ \\text{V} ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5032}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23578", "question_text": "The fact that your cell phone is using outdated technology within a year or two of purchase is an example of ____________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09293", "question_text": "What type of organism causes thrush?    A. a bacterium   B. a virus   C. a fungus   D. a protozoan", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5009}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18634", "question_text": "In a Borda count election, the candidates have the following Borda scores: A 1245, B 1360, and C 787. Candidate A received 55% of the first place rankings. Identify which fairness criteria, if any, are violated by characteristics of the described voter profile in this Borda count election. Explain your reasoning.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7855}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02609", "question_text": "\\cos\\left( \\frac{7\\pi}{12} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7814}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10940", "question_text": "Meiosis usually produces ________ daughter cells.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9902}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14736", "question_text": "In usual practice, both a moderator and control rods are necessary to operate a nuclear chain reaction safely for the purpose of energy production. Cite the function of each and explain why both are necessary.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7398}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21657", "question_text": "Trial courts typically have __________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9929}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24183", "question_text": "Which of the following was decided at the First Continental Congress? to declare war on Great Britainto boycott all British goods and prepare for possible military actionto offer a conciliatory treaty to Great Britainto pay for the tea that was dumped in Boston Harbor", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09658", "question_text": "[LO 13.1](13-1-describe-sustainability-and-the-way-it-creates-business-value) Good corporate citizenship ________.    A. is expensive to implement and does not guarantee returns   B. must have management\u2019s sincere convictions behind it in order to succeed   C. is more relevant in countries with less regulation.   D. makes good business sense", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9931}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04369", "question_text": "[LO 15.1](15-1-describe-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-organizing-as-a- partnership) A partnership ________.    A. has one owner   B. can issue stock   C. pays taxes on partnership income   D. can have more than one general partner", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9931}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07354", "question_text": "A can contains 375 mL of soda. How much is left after 308 mL is removed?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9362}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02102", "question_text": "What is the decibel level of a train whistle with intensity 10^{-3} watts per square inch?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5315}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15009", "question_text": "Why would you expect the rate of diffusion to increase with temperature? Can you give an example, such as the fact that you can dissolve sugar more rapidly in hot water?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21366", "question_text": "________ dictate the terms and conditions state governments would have to meet in order to qualify for financial assistance in a specific policy area. Categorical grantsBlock grantsUnfunded mandatesCrossover sanctions", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12539", "question_text": "Which of the following represents a sensory input that isnotpart of both the somatic and autonomic systems?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24571", "question_text": "The term Kennedy chose to describe his sealing off of Cuba to prevent Soviet shipments of weapons or supplies was ________. interdictionquarantineisolationblockade", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9181}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26134", "question_text": "LO5.4How does process costing treat the costs transferred in from another department?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9882}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11479", "question_text": "How did archaicHomo sapiensdiffer from anatomically modern humans?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9532}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02066", "question_text": "Use the Square Root Property to solve the quadratic equation 3\\left( {w + 5} \\right)^{2} = 27.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09350", "question_text": "Which of these diseases results in meningitis caused by an encapsulated yeast?    A. cryptococcosis   B. histoplasmosis   C. candidiasis   D. coccidiomycosis", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01748", "question_text": "Use the set of ordered pairs to \u24d0 determine whether the relation is a function, \u24d1 find the domain of the relation, and \u24d2 find the range of the relation. \\left\\\\{ {\\left( {-3,27} \\right),\\left( {-2,8} \\right),\\left( {-1,1} \\right),\\left( {0,0} \\right),} \\right.   \\left. {\\left( {1,1} \\right),\\left( {2,8} \\right),\\left( {3,27} \\right)} \\right\\\\}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8133}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11780", "question_text": "The majority of oxygen in the blood is transported by ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9539}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14653", "question_text": "Write the Lewis structure and molecular formula for each of the following hydrocarbons: (a) hexane (b) 3-methylpentane (c)cis-3-hexene (d) 4-methyl-1-pentene (e) 3-hexyne (f) 4-methyl-2-pentyne", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5084}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07201", "question_text": "In an _LC_ circuit, what determines the frequency and the amplitude of the energy oscillations in either the inductor or capacitor?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.712}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06145", "question_text": "If the speed of a distant galaxy is 0.99 _c_ , what is the distance of the galaxy from an Earth-bound observer?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9887}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08018", "question_text": "At what flow rate might turbulence begin to develop in a water main with a 0.200-m diameter? Assume a 20\\ \\text{\u00b0C} temperature.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21399", "question_text": "What concerns might arise when Congress delegates decision-making authority to unelected leaders, sometimes called the fourth branch of government?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9493}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13360", "question_text": "Identify the postulate of Dalton\u00e2\u0080\u0099s theory that is violated by the following observations: 59.95% of one sample of titanium dioxide is titanium; 60.10% of a different sample of titanium dioxide is titanium.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02864", "question_text": "Explain why the symbol for an atom of the element oxygen and the formula for a molecule of oxygen differ.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8392}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15237", "question_text": "High-velocity charged particles can damage biological cells and are a component of radiation exposure in a variety of locations ranging from research facilities to natural background. Describe how you could use a magnetic field to shield yourself.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8856}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12923", "question_text": "Consuming which type of food will help the most with weight loss?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09059", "question_text": "_Candida_ can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9893}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22045", "question_text": "Why can we not make causal claims regarding the relationship between the volume of the hippocampus and PTSD?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9279}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03913", "question_text": "Explain the difference between property rights and contractual rights. Why do they matter to economic growth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07101", "question_text": "Is \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}} constant in magnitude for points that lie on a magnetic field line?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7474}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05160", "question_text": "What is the back emf of a 120 V motor that draws 8.00 A at its normal speed and 20.0 A when first starting?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9441}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26351", "question_text": "Describe the shape of this distribution. Figure2.15", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9676}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20246", "question_text": "Use the four-step process to analyze the impact of a reduction in tariffs on imports of iPods on the equilibrium price and quantity of Sony Walkman-type products.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6504}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16641", "question_text": "Although the Copernican system was largely correct to place the Sun at the center of all planetary motion, the model still gave inaccurate predictions for planetary positions. Explain the flaw in the Copernican model that hindered its accuracy.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04212", "question_text": "[LO 7.2](7-2-describe-and-explain-the-purpose-of-special-journals-and-their- importance-to-stakeholders) Your company paid rent of $1,000 for the month with check number \u051d. Which journal would the company use to record this?    A. sales journal   B. purchases journal   C. cash receipts journal   D. cash disbursements journal   E. general journal", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8516}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12357", "question_text": "Describe the two types of cartilaginous joints and give examples of each.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8766}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11268", "question_text": "Mitochondria most likely evolved by _____________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9514}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01902", "question_text": "\\left( {x + 6} \\right)\\left( {x - 3} \\right) = -8", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12859", "question_text": "Which of these statements about reflexes in the GI tract is false?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8165}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25669", "question_text": "Intelligent Cookies Inc. (ICI) sold $30,000,000 of product in a year that had a cost of goods sold of $10,000,000. The average inventory carried by ICI was $500,000. On average, it takes 35 days for ICI\u00e2\u0080\u0099s customers, such as grocery stores and restaurants, to pay on their accounts. ICI buys ingredients, including flour, spices, and eggs, from its vendors on credit, and ICI takes about 40 days to pay its suppliers. How many days is ICI\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cash conversion cycle?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9892}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12551", "question_text": "Which type of drug would be an antidote to atropine poisoning?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7226}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01536", "question_text": "x^{2} + 22x", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6545}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14177", "question_text": "How will an increase in temperature affect each of the following equilibria? How will a decrease in the volume of the reaction vessel affect each? (a)2NH3(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cN2(g)+3H2(g)\u00ce\u0094H=92kJ2NH3(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cN2(g)+3H2(g)\u00ce\u0094H=92kJ (b)N2(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c2NO(g)\u00ce\u0094H=181kJN2(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c2NO(g)\u00ce\u0094H=181kJ (c)2O3(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c3O2(g)\u00ce\u0094H=\u00e2\u0088\u0092285kJ2O3(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c3O2(g)\u00ce\u0094H=\u00e2\u0088\u0092285kJ (d)CaO(s)+CO2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cCaCO3(s)\u00ce\u0094H=\u00e2\u0088\u0092176kJCaO(s)+CO2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cCaCO3(s)\u00ce\u0094H=\u00e2\u0088\u0092176kJ", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9864}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06070", "question_text": "For an electron in a three-dimensional metal, show that the average energy is given by \\overset{\\text{\u2212}}{E} = \\frac{1}{N}{\\int\\limits_{0}^{E_{\\text{F}}}{Eg(E)dE}} = \\frac{3}{5}E_{\\text{F}}, Where _N_ is the total number electrons in the metal.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9956}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07427", "question_text": "Sketch the acceleration-versus-time graph from the following velocity-versus- time graph.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03568", "question_text": "Illustrate the amphoteric nature of aluminum hydroxide by citing suitable equations.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5342}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23870", "question_text": "Is globalization a danger to local cultures? Why, or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18205", "question_text": "Find the first term and the common difference of the arithmetic sequence with 8th termb8=50and 15th termb15=106.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5611}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17962", "question_text": "A marathon runner is interested in the relationship between the brand of shoes runners wear and their run times. They take a random sample of 50 runners and records their run times as well as the brand of shoes they were wearing.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9827}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09661", "question_text": "[LO 13.1](13-1-describe-sustainability-and-the-way-it-creates-business-value) Which of the following types of reporting does the Triple Bottom Line _not_ incorporate?    A. management   B. social   C. environmental   D. economic", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26239", "question_text": "LO9.3Explain the benefits of a return on investment structure within an investment center framework. It may help to think of an example using an existing company.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23045", "question_text": "What are interaural timing and level differences used to determine?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19393", "question_text": "What alternatives to monolithic OS design have been tried?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7355}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11501", "question_text": "After buying green bananas or unripe avocadoes, they can be kept in a brown bag to ripen. The hormone released by the fruit and trapped in the bag is probably:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10612", "question_text": "During World War II, unionized workers agreed ________.    A. to work without pay   B. to go without vacations or days off   C. to live near the factories to save time commuting   D. to keep production going by not striking", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.945}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16965", "question_text": "Suppose you were designing a spacecraft that would match course with a comet and move with it for a while. What sorts of instruments would you put on board to gather data, and what would you like to learn?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9113}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25289", "question_text": "How do funding requirements differ in each stage of a company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s lifecycle? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08115", "question_text": "Consider two wave functions that differ only by a phase shift, y_{1}\\left( {x,t} \\right) = A\\ \\text{cos}\\left( {kx - \\omega t} \\right) and y_{2}\\left( {x,t} \\right) = A\\ \\text{cos}\\left( {kx - \\omega t + \\phi} \\right). Use the trigonometric identities \\text{cos}\\ u + \\text{cos}\\ v = 2\\ \\text{cos}\\left( \\frac{u - v}{2} \\right)\\text{cos}\\left( \\frac{u + v}{2} \\right) and \\text{cos}\\left( {\\text{\u2212}\\theta} \\right) = \\text{cos}(\\theta) to find a wave equation for the wave resulting from the superposition of the two waves. Does the resulting wave function come as a surprise to you?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8533}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25506", "question_text": "Idea generation is the first step in new product development. Where do those ideas come from? Do all the ideas that are suggested make it to the prototype stage? Explain your answers.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8244}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23090", "question_text": "Jill has suffered a bad burn on an area of her skin. She has damaged the epidermis and upper part of the dermis. The deeper dermis layers are intact and undamaged. Which touch receptors are likely to be impaired?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9965}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10796", "question_text": "In each of the three systems, determine the state of entropy (low or high) when comparing the first and second: i. the instant that a perfume bottle is sprayed compared with 30 seconds later, ii. an old 1950s car compared with a brand new car, and iii. a living cell compared with a dead cell.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25130", "question_text": "Full and truthful disclosure ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.679}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20979", "question_text": "Is expansionary fiscal policy more attractive to politicians who believe in larger government or to politicians who believe in smaller government? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8473}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09788", "question_text": "Regardless of their working style, preferences, or quirks, what do employees owe one another?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9812}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25678", "question_text": "With the same sales forecasts as in question 9, Re-Works Inc. management would like to implement some changes to credit policy and credit terms that they believe would change the collection pattern going forward and would lower the uncollectible accounts prediction to 3 percent.What would be the expected cash receipts for March?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9374}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05314", "question_text": "At the end of [Example 27.8](27-8-polarization) , it was stated that the intensity of polarized light is reduced to \\text{90}\\text{.}0\\% of its original value by passing through a polarizing filter with its axis at an angle of \\text{18}\\text{.}4\u00ba to the direction of polarization. Verify this statement.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8042}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10129", "question_text": "a adults to 45 children", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5883}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07863", "question_text": "A hollow cylinder that is rolling without slipping is given a velocity of 5.0 m/s and rolls up an incline to a vertical height of 1.0 m. If a hollow sphere of the same mass and radius is given the same initial velocity, how high vertically does it roll up the incline?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19113", "question_text": "\u00cf\u0081(x,y)=xy\u00cf\u0081(x,y)=xyon the circle with radius11in the first quadrant only.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14449", "question_text": "Calculate \u00ce\u0094G\u00c2\u00b0 for each of the following reactions from the equilibrium constant at the temperature given. (a)N2(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62NO(g)T=2000\u00c2\u00b0CKp=4.1\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00924N2(g)+O2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62NO(g)T=2000\u00c2\u00b0CKp=4.1\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00924 (b)H2(g)+I2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62HI(g)T=400\u00c2\u00b0CKp=50.0H2(g)+I2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b62HI(g)T=400\u00c2\u00b0CKp=50.0 (c)CO2(g)+H2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CO(g)+H2O(g)T=980\u00c2\u00b0CKp=1.67CO2(g)+H2(g)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CO(g)+H2O(g)T=980\u00c2\u00b0CKp=1.67 (d)CaCO3(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CaO(s)+CO2(g)T=900\u00c2\u00b0CKp=1.04CaCO3(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6CaO(s)+CO2(g)T=900\u00c2\u00b0CKp=1.04 (e)HF(aq)+H2O(l)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H3O+(aq)+F\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)T=25\u00c2\u00b0CKa=7.2\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00924HF(aq)+H2O(l)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H3O+(aq)+F\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)T=25\u00c2\u00b0CKa=7.2\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00924 (f)AgBr(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Ag+(aq)+Br\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)T=25\u00c2\u00b0CKsp=3.3\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u009213AgBr(s)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6Ag+(aq)+Br\u00e2\u0088\u0092(aq)T=25\u00c2\u00b0CKsp=3.3\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u009213", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9917}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26155", "question_text": "LO6.5Why would managers prefer variable costing over absorption costing?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9536}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22228", "question_text": "Karim is thirty-five years old and trying to learn a third language. It is very difficult and Karim wonders whether it is even possible. What key question in developmental psychology is most related to Karim\u00e2\u0080\u0099s situation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9771}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13265", "question_text": "Why is immunization after being bitten by a rabid animal so effective?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7865}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19524", "question_text": "What are design patterns? Provide an example of a design pattern.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9669}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14632", "question_text": "Name each of the compounds or ions given inExercise 19.28, including the oxidation state of the metal.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9816}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23609", "question_text": "The issue of airplane-pilot exhaustion is an issue of growing media concern. Select a theoretical perspective, and describe how it would explain this.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6889}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22262", "question_text": "Discuss the different research methods used in developmental psychology, including longitudinal, cross-sectional, cross-sequential, naturalistic observation, case study, correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental designs. Describe the strengths and weaknesses of each method and provide examples from the text to illustrate how each method is used in developmental research. In the second part of your essay, describe the importance of validity and reliability in developmental psychology research. How do researchers ensure that their studies are both valid and reliable? Provide examples from the text to illustrate the concepts of validity and reliability in research.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6797}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16528", "question_text": "How would the gold foil experiment have changed if electrons were used in place of alpha particles, assuming that the electrons hit the gold foil with the same force as the alpha particles?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9888}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12660", "question_text": "The production of healthy erythrocytes depends upon the availability of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9961}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10751", "question_text": "In your opinion, is the nuclear membrane part of the endomembrane system? Why or why not? Defend your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18421", "question_text": "What is the annual interest rate if the money factor is 0.000045?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9623}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13843", "question_text": "During the Viking landings on Mars, the atmospheric pressure was determined to be on the average about 6.50 millibars (1 bar = 0.987 atm). What is that pressure in torr and kPa?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6531}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13304", "question_text": "Classify the six underlined properties in the following paragraph as chemical or physical: Fluorine is a pale yellowgasthatreacts with most substances. The free elementmelts at \u00e2\u0088\u0092220 \u00c2\u00b0Candboils at \u00e2\u0088\u0092188 \u00c2\u00b0C. Finely dividedmetals burn in fluorinewith a bright flame.Nineteen grams of fluorine will react with 1.0 gram of hydrogen.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16336", "question_text": "What is the magnitude of the electric field 12 cm from a charge of 1.5 nC ?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4886}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07455", "question_text": "**Unreasonable results** A runner approaches the finish line and is 75 m away; her speed at this position is 8 m/s. She accelerates opposite to the motion at this point at 0.5 m/s 2 . How long does it take her to cross the finish line from 75 m away? Is this reasonable?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8814}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18264", "question_text": "Calculate 5416\u00e2\u0088\u0092 2336.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9584}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24287", "question_text": "During the war between the United States and Mexico, revolts against U.S. control broke out in ________. Florida and TexasNew Mexico and CaliforniaCalifornia and TexasFlorida and California", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5901}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12488", "question_text": "Which non-nervous tissue develops from the neuroectoderm?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9241}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12122", "question_text": "Explain why the structure of the ER, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus assist their respective functions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9801}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11195", "question_text": "Compare three different ways that eukaryotic cells may have evolved.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19853", "question_text": "What is the cyber safety significance of applying regular software updates and patches?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9916}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13711", "question_text": "Which is the most polar bond? (a) C\u00e2\u0080\u0093C (b) C\u00e2\u0080\u0093H (c) N\u00e2\u0080\u0093H (d) O\u00e2\u0080\u0093H (e) Se\u00e2\u0080\u0093H", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9785}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11282", "question_text": "An example of carbon fixation is _____________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.676}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09004", "question_text": "Which of the following antimicrobial drugs is synthetic?    A. sulfanilamide   B. penicillin   C. actinomycin   D. neomycin", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8664}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04397", "question_text": "[LO 16.3](16-3-prepare-the-statement-of-cash-flows-using-the-indirect-method) When preparing the operating section of the statement of cash flows, using the indirect method, how must gains and losses be handled? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7362}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13631", "question_text": "A bright violet line occurs at 435.8 nm in the emission spectrum of mercury vapor. What amount of energy, in joules, must be released by an electron in a mercury atom to produce a photon of this light?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21364", "question_text": "The shirking of jury duty is a real problem in the United States. Give some reasons for this and suggest what can be done about it.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01082", "question_text": "Find three consecutive integers whose sum is -141.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16091", "question_text": "Give an example of longitudinal waves.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13021", "question_text": "How can one have an imbalance in a substance, but not actually have elevated or deficient levels of that substance in the body?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4721}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07900", "question_text": "Why can a squirrel jump from a tree branch to the ground and run away undamaged, while a human could break a bone in such a fall?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7022}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23073", "question_text": "Olfactory information crosses between the hemispheres of the brain at which structure?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08959", "question_text": "All of the following techniques involve hybridization between single-stranded nucleic acid molecules _except_ :    A. Southern blot analysis   B. RFLP analysis   C. northern blot analysis   D. microarray analysis", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24963", "question_text": "What\u00e2\u0080\u0099s the definition of negotiation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10298", "question_text": "2(6x + 5) - 8 = -22", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4523}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01471", "question_text": "\\frac{\\sqrt{48}}{\\sqrt{27}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5221}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15691", "question_text": "When is a plot of velocity versus time a straight line and when is it a curved line?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8828}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01178", "question_text": "y > \\frac{3}{2}x + 5", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01883", "question_text": "10y^{2} - 53y - 11", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5827}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24770", "question_text": "What is Kant\u00e2\u0080\u0099s categorical imperative? How does it use reason to establish morality?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8902}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13546", "question_text": "What volume of 0.08892MHNO3is required to react completely with 0.2352 g of potassium hydrogen phosphate?2HNO3(aq)+K2HPO4(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H3PO4(aq)+2KNO3(aq)2HNO3(aq)+K2HPO4(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6H3PO4(aq)+2KNO3(aq)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9909}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23539", "question_text": "Which of the following isnotan appropriate group for democratic leadership?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23305", "question_text": "What is the primary source of heat for endothermic animals?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9531}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12157", "question_text": "The zygote is described as totipotent because it ultimately gives rise to all the cells in your body including the highly specialized cells of your nervous system. Describe this transition, discussing the steps and processes that lead to these specialized cells.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10438", "question_text": "Which of the following does _not_ describe a form of slavery traditionally practiced in Africa?    A. a system in which those in need of supplies or protection give themselves in servitude   B. a system in which debtors repay those whom they owe by giving themselves in servitude   C. a system in which people are treated as chattel\u2014that is, as personal property to be bought and sold   D. a system in which people are enslaved permanently on account of their race", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9826}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16249", "question_text": "Part A. Can you see a virtual image? Part B. Can you photograph one? Explain your answers.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5439}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22780", "question_text": "What is the final stage in Erikson\u00e2\u0080\u0099s theory called?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7866}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20623", "question_text": "What are some reasons why the investment strategy of a 30-year-old might differ from the investment strategy of a 65-year-old?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08517", "question_text": "As a judge, Baxter applies common law rules. These rules develop from:    A. decisions of the courts in legal disputes.   B. regulations issued by administrative agencies.   C. statutes enacted by Congress and the state legislatures.   D. uniform laws drafted by legal scholars.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9611}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03998", "question_text": "What would be the effect of increasing the banks' reserve requirements on the money supply?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8581}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24011", "question_text": "In what ways is your own nation-state an \u00e2\u0080\u009cimagined community\u00e2\u0080\u009d? What rituals and institutions construct this community? What is the common \u00e2\u0080\u009corigin story,\u00e2\u0080\u009d and how is it told in ritual and monuments?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10885", "question_text": "What are the differences between internal receptors and cell-surface receptors?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11980", "question_text": "The average time a molecule spends in its reservoir is known as ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9082}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16713", "question_text": "Describe what an observer at the crater Copernicus would see while the Moon is eclipsed on Earth. What would the same observer see during what would be a total solar eclipse as viewed from Earth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24027", "question_text": "Using Arjun Appadurai\u00e2\u0080\u0099s concept of -scapes, explain the ways in which global movements connect local populations.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8891}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01417", "question_text": "If m varies inversely with the square of n , when m = 4 and n = 6 find m when n = 2.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17114", "question_text": "What would be the advantage of making parallax measurements from Pluto rather than from Earth? Would there be a disadvantage?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9894}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11583", "question_text": "When faced with a sudden drop in environmental temperature, an endothermic animal will:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4935}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23776", "question_text": "In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8872}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08293", "question_text": "Someone who lobbies on behalf of their employer as part of their job is ________.    A. an in-house lobbyist   B. a volunteer lobbyist   C. a contract lobbyist   D. a legislative liaison", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26017", "question_text": "LO15.2Does each partner have to contribute an equal amount of assets in order to split profit and losses?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5676}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10780", "question_text": "Why does water move through a membrane?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9554}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24005", "question_text": "Have you or someone you know experienced precarity? What might be the solution to this widespread problem in contemporary societies?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.485}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09727", "question_text": "Industries like to be in control of their own destiny and as a result prefer self-regulation to laws imposed by governments. Self-regulation is often ________.    A. based on external codes of conduct   B. enforced by the courts   C. in conflict with common law   D. less costly for firms than government regulation", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8573}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23762", "question_text": "Explain the different variations of the nuclear family and the trends that occur in each.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02368", "question_text": "f(x) = 3x - 5", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7176}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10832", "question_text": "Would you describe metabolic pathways as inherently wasteful or inherently economical? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5181}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23531", "question_text": "What is the largest difference between the Functionalist and Conflict perspectives and the Interactionist perspective?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18616", "question_text": "Calculate the perimeter of a regular octagon with a side length of 5 cm.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09094", "question_text": "Match each cell type with its description.  ___natural killer cell | A. stains with basic dye methylene blue, has large amounts of histamine in granules, and facilitates allergic responses and inflammation   ---|---   ___basophil | B. stains with acidic dye eosin, has histamine and major basic protein in granules, and facilitates responses to protozoa and helminths   ___macrophage | C. recognizes abnormal cells, binds to them, and releases perforin and granzyme molecules, which induce apoptosis   ___eosinophil | D. large agranular phagocyte that resides in tissues such as the brain and lungs", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02111", "question_text": "\\frac{1}{4}\\text{log}y - 2\\text{log}\\left( {y - 3} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5168}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05513", "question_text": "Fusion bombs use neutrons from their fission trigger to create tritium fuel in the reaction {n +^{6}\\text{Li}}\\rightarrow^{3}{\\text{H} +^{4}\\text{He}} . What is the energy released by this reaction in MeV?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9728}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18980", "question_text": "f(x)=3x,a=1f(x)=3x,a=1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6596}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06994", "question_text": "A student uses a 100.00-W, 115.00-V radiant heater to heat the student\u2019s dorm room, during the hours between sunset and sunrise, 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. (a) What current does the heater operate at? (b) How many electrons move through the heater? (c) What is the resistance of the heater? (d) How much heat was added to the dorm room?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9578}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12704", "question_text": "In a healthy young adult, what happens to cardiac output when heart rate increases above 160 bpm?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7578}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15966", "question_text": "A\u00ce\u00b2particle (a free electron) is speeding around the track in a cyclotron, rapidly gaining speed. How will the particle\u00e2\u0080\u0099s momentum change as its speed approaches the speed of light? Explain.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7692}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12797", "question_text": "Describe how secondary B cell responses are developed.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03581", "question_text": "What is the oxidation state of the halogen in each of the following? (a) H 5 IO 6 (b) \\text{IO}_{4}{}^{-} (c) ClO 2 (d) ICl 3 (e) F 2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9556}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17568", "question_text": "What does the column \"P(x)\" sum to and why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8468}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08335", "question_text": "Discuss some of the difficulties involved in the implementation and enforcement of judicial decisions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9446}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13568", "question_text": "How much will the temperature of a cup (180 g) of coffee at 95 \u00c2\u00b0C be reduced when a 45 g silver spoon (specific heat 0.24 J/g \u00c2\u00b0C) at 25 \u00c2\u00b0C is placed in the coffee and the two are allowed to reach the same temperature? Assume that the coffee has the same density and specific heat as water.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14968", "question_text": "Figure 11.15shows how a common measurement of arterial blood pressure is made. Is there any effect on the measured pressure if the manometer is lowered? What is the effect of raising the arm above the shoulder? What is the effect of placing the cuff on the upper leg with the person standing? Explain your answers in terms of pressure created by the weight of a fluid.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8339}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22293", "question_text": "Briefly discuss potential causes and consequences associated with low birth weight.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08034", "question_text": "Describe a system in which elastic potential energy is stored.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08307", "question_text": "The saying \u201cAll politics is local\u201d roughly means ________.    A. the local candidate will always win   B. the local constituents want action on national issues   C. the local constituents tend to care about things that affect them   D. the act of campaigning always occurs at the local level where constituents are", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9874}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11443", "question_text": "Describe the different classes of echinoderms using examples.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05574", "question_text": "Using the information given in the preceding question, explain why sunsets are red.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9906}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09634", "question_text": "[LO 11.3](11-3-explain-the-time-value-of-money-and-calculate-present-and- future-values-of-lump-sums-and-annuities) Why do businesses consider time value of money before making an investment decision?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7294}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03018", "question_text": "One of the radiographic devices used in a dentist's office emits an X-ray of wavelength 2.090 \\times 10 \u221211 m. What is the energy, in joules, and frequency of this X-ray?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4504}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13775", "question_text": "Predict the electron pair geometry and the molecular structure of each of the following: (a) IOF5(I is the central atom) (b) POCl3(P is the central atom) (c) Cl2SeO (Se is the central atom) (d) ClSO+(S is the central atom) (e) F2SO (S is the central atom) (f)NO2\u00e2\u0088\u0092NO2\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (g)SiO44\u00e2\u0088\u0092SiO44\u00e2\u0088\u0092", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9973}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12778", "question_text": "What type of chronic lung disease is caused by aMycobacterium?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9949}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14848", "question_text": "Suppose a mass is moving in a circular path on a frictionless table as shown in figure. In the Earth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s frame of reference, there is no centrifugal force pulling the mass away from the centre of rotation, yet there is a very real force stretching the string attaching the mass to the nail. Using concepts related to centripetal force and Newton\u00e2\u0080\u0099s third law, explain what force stretches the string, identifying its physical origin. Figure6.32A mass attached to a nail on a frictionless table moves in a circular path. The force stretching the string is real and not fictional. What is the physical origin of the force on the string?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9222}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12088", "question_text": "Could two atoms of oxygen engage in ionic bonding? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8068}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26339", "question_text": "A teacher records grades for a class of 70, 72, 79, 81, 82, 82, 83,\n90, and 95. What is the mean of these grades?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8243}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14855", "question_text": "Draw a free body diagram for a satellite in an elliptical orbit showing why its speed increases as it approaches its parent body and decreases as it moves away.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14417", "question_text": "InFigure 16.8all of the possible distributions and microstates are shown for four different particles shared between two boxes. Determine the entropy change, \u00ce\u0094S, for the system when it is converted from distribution (b) to distribution (d).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19515", "question_text": "Explain why a software engineer needs to have solid knowledge of programming languages.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9712}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14300", "question_text": "Explain why a buffer can be prepared from a mixture of NH4Cl and NaOH but not from NH3and NaOH.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9373}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04953", "question_text": "Common static electricity involves charges ranging from nanocoulombs to microcoulombs. (a) How many electrons are needed to form a charge of \u20132.00\\ \\text{nC} (b) How many electrons must be removed from a neutral object to leave a net charge of 0.500\\ \u00b5\\text{C} ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9378}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23722", "question_text": "For individual people of a certain culture, the life course is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08267", "question_text": "Why do parties prefer closed primaries to open primaries?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9969}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07635", "question_text": "Give an example of something we think of as work in everyday circumstances that is not work in the scientific sense. Is energy transferred or changed in form in your example? If so, explain how this is accomplished without doing work.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8828}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23688", "question_text": "The terms \u00e2\u0080\u009cmasculine\u00e2\u0080\u009d and \u00e2\u0080\u009cfeminine\u00e2\u0080\u009d refer to a person\u00e2\u0080\u0099s _________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8757}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20296", "question_text": "Can you think of an industry (or product) with near infinite elasticity of supply in the short term? That is, what is an industry that could increase Qs almost without limit in response to an increase in the price?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7592}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08310", "question_text": "What does polling data suggest about the events that trigger exceptionally high congressional approval ratings?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20019", "question_text": "How do research and innovation lead to emerging technologies?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9771}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04988", "question_text": "A 0.500 cm diameter plastic sphere, used in a static electricity demonstration, has a uniformly distributed 40.0 pC charge on its surface. What is the potential near its surface?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06707", "question_text": "Discuss the entropy changes in the systems of Question 21.10 in terms of disorder.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22180", "question_text": "In which of the following anxiety disorders is the person in a continuous state of excessive, pointless worry and apprehension?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20403", "question_text": "How does the quantity produced and price charged by a monopolist compare to that of a perfectly competitive firm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19344", "question_text": "Suppose we have a list of 1,000 numbers ordered in ascending order. We need to find whether a specific number is in the list or not. What is the best algorithm to accomplish this?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9125}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26045", "question_text": "LO16.3Use a spreadsheet and the following financial information from Mineola Company\u00e2\u0080\u0099s financial statements to build a template that automatically calculates the net operating cash flow. It should be suitable for use in preparing the operating section of the statement of cash flows (indirect method) for the year 2018.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7066}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24094", "question_text": "What role have casinos played in tribal economic development?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9936}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23931", "question_text": "Which of the following organizations isnotan example of a social movement?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26951", "question_text": "A client is prescribed a drug that inhibits the action of CRH. After administration of this drug, what should the nurse monitor?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9819}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20460", "question_text": "What are the three problems that economists have noted with regard to command-and-control regulation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01184", "question_text": "\\left\\\\{ \\begin{array}{l} {y = \\frac{2}{5}x + 2} \\\\\\ {-2x + 5y = 10} \\end{array} \\right.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21128", "question_text": "What are the main differences between cooperative federalism and dual federalism?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10742", "question_text": "In what situation(s) would a transmission electron microscope be ideal, and why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9195}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18661", "question_text": "Eduardo has two groups of four friends, group A and group B. Within each group, each of the members of the group are friends with each other but not with those in the other group. The individuals in group A have no other friends, but the individuals in group B each has their own group of four friends, and the individuals within those groups are all friends with each other, but with no one outside their own group. Draw a graph to represent the given scenario.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08180", "question_text": "A nylon guitar string is fixed between two lab posts 2.00 m apart. The string has a linear mass density of \\mu = 7.20\\ \\text{g/m} and is placed under a tension of 160.00 N. The string is placed next to a tube, open at both ends, of length _L_ . The string is plucked and resonates at the fundamental frequency while the tube resonates at the n = 3 mode. The speed of sound is 343 m/s. What is the length of the tube?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00970", "question_text": "The height of Mount Shasta is 14,179 feet. Convert the height to miles.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9623}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21071", "question_text": "If trade barriers hurt the average worker in an economy (due to lower wages), why does government create trade barriers?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09891", "question_text": "**Multiplex** There are twelve theaters at the multiplex and each theater has 150 seats. What is the total number of seats at the multiplex?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27000", "question_text": "A client in the clinic is prescribed aluminum hydroxide by the provider. The nurse should include which of the following in the client\u00e2\u0080\u0099s education?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9707}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18336", "question_text": "Find the payment for a month when 0 units of water were used.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06838", "question_text": "An uncharged spherical conductor _S_ of radius _R_ has two spherical cavities A and B of radii _a_ and _b_ , respectively as shown below. Two point charges + q_{a} and + q_{b} are placed at the center of the two cavities by using non- conducting supports. In addition, a point charge + q_{0} is placed outside at a distance _r_ from the center of the sphere. (a) Draw approximate charge distributions in the metal although metal sphere has no net charge. (b) Draw electric field lines. Draw enough lines to represent all distinctly different places.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5477}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07835", "question_text": "A propeller is accelerated from rest to an angular velocity of 1000 rev/min over a period of 6.0 seconds by a constant torque of 2.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{3}\\text{N} \\cdot \\text{m} . (a) What is the moment of inertia of the propeller? (b) What power is being provided to the propeller 3.0 s after it starts rotating?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8849}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05746", "question_text": "A double slit produces a diffraction pattern that is a combination of single- and double-slit interference. Find the ratio of the width of the slits to the separation between them, if the first minimum of the single-slit pattern falls on the fifth maximum of the double-slit pattern. (This will greatly reduce the intensity of the fifth maximum.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03417", "question_text": "Explain how to choose the appropriate acid-base indicator for the titration of a weak base with a strong acid.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04756", "question_text": "You can smell perfume very shortly after opening the bottle. To show that it is not reaching your nose by diffusion, calculate the average distance a perfume molecule moves in one second in air, given its diffusion constant D to be 1.00{\\times \\text{10}^{\u20136}}\\ \\text{m}^{2}\\text{/s} .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13941", "question_text": "The test tubes shown here contain equal amounts of the specified motor oils. Identical metal spheres were dropped at the same time into each of the tubes, and a brief moment later, the spheres had fallen to the heights indicated in the illustration. Rank the motor oils in order of increasing viscosity, and explain your reasoning:", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5949}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01661", "question_text": "Solve the formula   4x - 3y = 12 for _y_ .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04817", "question_text": "(a) Calculate the rate of heat conduction through a double-paned window that has a 1\\text{.}\\text{50}\\text{-m}^{2} area and is made of two panes of 0.800-cm-thick glass separated by a 1.00-cm air gap. The inside surface temperature is \\text{15}\\text{.}0\u00ba\\text{C} , while that on the outside is {- \\text{10}}\\text{.}0\u00ba\\text{C} . (Hint: There are identical temperature drops across the two glass panes. First find these and then the temperature drop across the air gap. This problem ignores the increased heat transfer in the air gap due to convection.) (b) Calculate the rate of heat conduction through a 1.60-cm-thick window of the same area and with the same temperatures. Compare your answer with that for part (a).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18320", "question_text": "Solve169x2=25using the square root method.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16362", "question_text": "A capacitor with neoprene rubber as the dielectric stores 0.185 mJ of energy with a voltage of 50 V across the plates. If the area of the plates is 500 cm2, what is the plate separation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9771}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22582", "question_text": "Describe at least two contexts of education or trends in academic achievement across adolescence.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9526}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03452", "question_text": "Using the dissociation constant, _K_ d = 2.2 \\times 10 \u201334 , calculate the equilibrium concentrations of Co 3+ and NH 3 in a 0.500- _M_ solution of \\text{Co}{(\\text{NH}_{3})}_{6}{}^{\\text{3+}}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18190", "question_text": "Use exponent rules to simplify(3k)6.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12081", "question_text": "Uracil ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8599}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01312", "question_text": "15m^{4} + 6m^{2}n", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8948}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04345", "question_text": "[LO 14.1](14-1-explain-the-process-of-securing-equity-financing-through-the- issuance-of-stock) Which of the following is _not_ a characteristic that sets preferred stock apart from common stock?    A. voting rights   B. dividend payments   C. transferability   D. ownership", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9772}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14783", "question_text": "What do vectors and scalars have in common? How do they differ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20749", "question_text": "Why is the GDP deflator not an accurate measure of inflation as it impacts a household?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25492", "question_text": "Draw a diagram depicting a marketing information system. Show how the marketing research process connects marketing managers with the marketing environment in order to collect information through internal records, marketing intelligence, and marketing research. Remember that the overall intent is first to assess information needs in order to reduce information gaps between the company and its customers, target markets, suppliers, and prospective clients. Amassing timely information allows firms to address these gaps, design the method for collecting information, manage and implement the data collection process, analyze the results, and disseminate results and their implications.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6642}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21622", "question_text": "Generally, coalition governments ____________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19858", "question_text": "COBIT5 is an example of what type of ISRM resource?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9678}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07550", "question_text": "A car moves along a horizontal road. Draw a free-body diagram; be sure to include the friction of the road that opposes the forward motion of the car.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15424", "question_text": "What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle? Does it place limits on what can be known?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6039}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17673", "question_text": "SupposeX~N(2, 3). What value ofxhas az-score of \u00e2\u0080\u00930.67?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9074}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16708", "question_text": "The secret recipe to the ever-popular veggie burgers in the college cafeteria is hidden in a drawer in the director\u00e2\u0080\u0099s office. Two students decide to break in to get their hands on it, but they want to do it a few hours before dawn on a night when there is no Moon, so they are less likely to be caught. What phases of the Moon would suit their plans?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7895}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26078", "question_text": "LO2.2Explain the difference between a period cost and a product cost.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07782", "question_text": "Where is the center of mass of a slice of pizza that was cut into eight equal slices? Assume the origin is at the apex of the slice and measure angles with respect to an edge of the slice. The radius of the pizza is _R_ .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9907}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02819", "question_text": "Indicate the SI base units or derived units that are appropriate for the following measurements: (a) the mass of the moon (b) the distance from Dallas to Oklahoma City (c) the speed of sound (d) the density of air (e) the temperature at which alcohol boils (f) the area of the state of Delaware (g) the volume of a flu shot or a measles vaccination", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8573}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23097", "question_text": "Why do A-alpha fibers have the fastest conduction speed of the 4 major sensory fibers?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5641}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07862", "question_text": "A solid cylinder rolls up an incline at an angle of 20\\text{\u00b0}. If it starts at the bottom with a speed of 10 m/s, how far up the incline does it travel?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27035", "question_text": "Which sign is most concerning for the client receiving mannitol?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9532}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14759", "question_text": "Acceleration is the change in velocity over time. Given this information, is acceleration a vector or a scalar quantity? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9863}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02764", "question_text": "A geometric sequence has terms a_{7} = 16\\text{,}384 and a_{9} = 262\\text{,}144 . What are the first five terms?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4554}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23084", "question_text": "Chemicals called ________ are sensed through a specialized olfactory system and can influence reproductive behaviors.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7424}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11576", "question_text": "Which type of connective tissue has a mineralized different matrix?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9244}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02063", "question_text": "x^{2} - 6x + 8 < 0", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7613}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07375", "question_text": "If the dot product of two vectors vanishes, what can you say about their directions?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07221", "question_text": "The self-inductance and capacitance of an _LC_ circuit are 0.20 mH and 5.0 pF. What is the angular frequency at which the circuit oscillates?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8857}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09263", "question_text": "The _______ vaccine is effective in controlling both measles and rubella.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5299}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18587", "question_text": "Find the diameter of a circle with a circumference of 35.6 in.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07157", "question_text": "The magnetic field through a circular loop of radius 10.0 cm varies with time as shown below. The field is perpendicular to the loop. Plot the magnitude of the induced emf in the loop as a function of time.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07913", "question_text": "A uniform trapdoor shown below is 1.0 m by 1.5 m and weighs 300 N. It is supported by a single hinge (H), and by a light rope tied between the middle of the door and the floor. The door is held at the position shown, where its slab makes a 30\\text{\u00b0} angle with the horizontal floor and the rope makes a 20\\text{\u00b0} angle with the floor. Find the tension in the rope and the force at the hinge.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9961}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08794", "question_text": "Which of the following is the purpose of fermentation?    A. to make ATP   B. to make carbon molecule intermediates for anabolism   C. to make NADH   D. to make NAD+", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8946}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08441", "question_text": "Compute sine of \\frac{5\\pi}{4}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09614", "question_text": "[LO 10.1](10-1-identify-relevant-information-for-decision-making) Your roommate at school believes that all fixed costs are always avoidable. Do you agree? How would you explain your point of view to your roommate?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19792", "question_text": "Which of the following best describes the two main types of data and their focus areas in business operations?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9424}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21991", "question_text": "What is the self-reference effect, and how can it help you study more effectively?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15992", "question_text": "What does the Celsius scale use as a reference point?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05471", "question_text": "The \\beta^{-}{} particles emitted in the decay of {}^{3}\\text{H} (tritium) interact with matter to create light in a glow-in-the-dark exit sign. At the time of manufacture, such a sign contains 15.0 Ci of {}^{3}\\text{H} . (a) What is the mass of the tritium? (b) What is its activity 5.00 y after manufacture?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9765}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14173", "question_text": "The following reaction occurs when a burner on a gas stove is lit:CH4(g)+2O2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cCO2(g)+2H2O(g)CH4(g)+2O2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008cCO2(g)+2H2O(g) Is an equilibrium among CH4, O2, CO2, and H2O established under these conditions? Explain your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8098}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05954", "question_text": "A particle with mass 0.030 kg oscillates back-and-forth on a spring with frequency 4.0 Hz. At the equilibrium position, it has a speed of 0.60 m/s. If the particle is in a state of definite energy, find its energy quantum number.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16821", "question_text": "UsingAppendix G, complete the following table that describes the characteristics of the Galilean moons of Jupiter, starting from Jupiter and moving outward in distance. MoonSemimajor Axis (km3)DiameterDensity (g/cm3)IoEuropaGanymedeCallisto This system has often been described as a mini solar system. Why might this be so? If Jupiter were to represent the Sun and the Galilean moons represented planets, which moons could be considered more terrestrial in nature and which ones more like gas/ice giants? Why? (Hint: Use the values in your table to help explain your categorization.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8906}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21340", "question_text": "The Supreme Court most typically functions as ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9438}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22382", "question_text": "The improvement in motor skills typically observed during early childhood are facilitated by an increase in", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16855", "question_text": "Explain the evidence for a period of heavy bombardment on the Moon about 4 billion years ago.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9661}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17828", "question_text": "State the estimated distribution ofP\u00e2\u0080\u00b2. Construct a 92% Confidence Interval for the true proportion of girls in the ages 8 to 12 beginning ice-skating classes at the Ice Chalet.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05271", "question_text": "Show that when light passes from air to water, its wavelength decreases to 0.750 times its original value.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08562", "question_text": "Distinguish a shipment contract from a destination contract.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19148", "question_text": "The following system of algebraic equations has a unique solution: 6z1+3z2=84z1+2z2=4.6z1+3z2=84z1+2z2=4.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9606}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01357", "question_text": "x^{2} + 13x + 42", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7106}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05533", "question_text": "One decay mode for the eta-zero meson is \\eta^{0}\\rightarrow{\\pi^{0} + \\pi^{0}} . (a) Write the decay in terms of the quark constituents. (b) How much energy is released? (c) What is the ultimate release of energy, given the decay mode for the pi zero is \\pi^{0}\\rightarrow{\\gamma + \\gamma} ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9465}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07945", "question_text": "The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of a planet is three times as large as it is on the surface of Earth. The mass density of the planet is known to be twice that of Earth. What is the radius of this planet in terms of Earth\u2019s radius?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17522", "question_text": "What doesP(EORM) mean in words?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01565", "question_text": "Graph y = x^{2} - 2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8503}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19179", "question_text": "What is the definition of data science?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9962}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04114", "question_text": "[LO 3.1](3-1-describe-principles-assumptions-and-concepts-of-accounting-and- their-relationship-to-financial-statements) Also known as the historical cost principle, ________ states that everything the company owns or controls (assets) must be recorded at their value at the date of acquisition.    A. revenue recognition principle   B. expense recognition (matching) principle   C. cost principle   D. full disclosure principle", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7584}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09377", "question_text": "________ sign appears as swollen lymph nodes at the back of the neck in early African trypanosomiasis.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9909}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13460", "question_text": "What volume of a 0.20-MK2SO4solution contains 57 g of K2SO4?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12898", "question_text": "When NAD becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8606}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08009", "question_text": "What is the fluid speed in a fire hose with a 9.00-cm diameter carrying 80.0 L of water per second? (b) What is the flow rate in cubic meters per second? (c) Would your answers be different if salt water replaced the fresh water in the fire hose?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9826}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21459", "question_text": "Questions in normative political science can be answered by ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06445", "question_text": "When did U.S. authors finally become the majority of best-selling authors in the U.S.?    A. The mid-19th Century.   B. The early 20th century.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9754}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20061", "question_text": "What technique involves removing specific details from patient data to protect privacy?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9951}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00979", "question_text": "One serving of cranberry juice contains 30 grams of sugar. How many kilograms of sugar are in 30 servings of cranberry juice?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.915}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12392", "question_text": "Why is elasticity an important quality of muscle tissue?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05512", "question_text": "Find the mass converted into energy by a 12.0-kT bomb.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06705", "question_text": "What type of processes occur in a Carnot cycle?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8681}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02519", "question_text": "State the domain of the sine and cosine functions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17264", "question_text": "Describe several characteristics that distinguish population I stars from population II stars.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02364", "question_text": "Find the average rate of change of the function f(x) = 3 - 2x^{2} + x by finding \\frac{f(b) - f(a)}{b - a} in simplest form.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02501", "question_text": "Enter the data from [Table 1](6-practice-test#Table_04_08_14) into a graphing calculator and graph the resulting scatter plot. Determine whether the data from the table would likely represent a function that is linear, exponential, or logarithmic.  **_x_**| ** _f(x)_**   ---|---   1| 3   2| 8.55   3| 11.79   4| 14.09   5| 15.88   6| 17.33   7| 18.57   8| 19.64   9| 20.58   10| 21.42   Table 1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7932}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24662", "question_text": "What is epistemic humility, and how does it relate to the Dunning-Kruger effect?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11187", "question_text": "What does the trunk of the classic phylogenetic tree represent?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9529}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20358", "question_text": "How does a perfectly competitive firm calculate total revenue?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9912}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04580", "question_text": "The Crab Nebula (see [Figure 7.38](7-problems-exercises#import-auto-id2091797) ) pulsar is the remnant of a supernova that occurred in A.D. \u045e. Using data from [Table 7.3](7-7-power) , calculate the approximate factor by which the power output of this astronomical object has declined since its explosion. Figure 7.38 Crab Nebula (credit: ESO, via Wikimedia Commons)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5365}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01730", "question_text": "Graph the linear inequality y < 6\\.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8457}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14265", "question_text": "Predict which acid in each of the following pairs is the stronger and explain your reasoning for each. (a) H2O or HF (b) B(OH)3or Al(OH)3 (c)HSO3\u00e2\u0088\u0092HSO3\u00e2\u0088\u0092orHSO4\u00e2\u0088\u0092HSO4\u00e2\u0088\u0092 (d) NH3or H2S (e) H2O or H2Te", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3302}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25979", "question_text": "LO13.1It is somewhat difficult to find current quotes on corporate bonds, but one source is the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. Using the link http://finra-markets.morningstar.com/BondCenter/Default.jsp, click on the \u00e2\u0080\u009cSearch\u00e2\u0080\u009d tab. Make sure \u00e2\u0080\u009cBond Type\u00e2\u0080\u009d is set to \u00e2\u0080\u009cCorporate\u00e2\u0080\u009d and enter \u00e2\u0080\u009cNike\u00e2\u0080\u009d in the \u00e2\u0080\u009cIssuer Name\u00e2\u0080\u009d field and hit enter. Write a brief summary explaining the results, including an explanation of each of the fields. Assume that an investor purchases a $1,000 bond and interest payments are made semi-annually. Be sure to include the price the investor would pay for the bond.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9945}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10857", "question_text": "Describe the pathway of electron transfer from photosystem II to photosystem I in light-dependent reactions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19354", "question_text": "What are the desired characteristics of a good computer system, aside from speed?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9248}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21945", "question_text": "A specific formula for solving a problem is called ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9732}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16609", "question_text": "While we can demonstrate the unification of certain forces within the laboratory, for how long were the four forces naturally unified within the universe?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9777}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25032", "question_text": "Which of the following practices are illegal?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21795", "question_text": "In this section, there was a discussion about researchers arriving at different conclusions about the use of technology in certain student populations, with one study determining that a smartphone app for surgery students seemed effective, but another study finding negative impacts on sleep, communication, and time management resulting from the use of technology by undergraduates. How might an educational leader best work through these discrepancies?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8435}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21100", "question_text": "Are all Americans equally able to become engaged in government? What factors make it more possible for some people to become engaged than others? What could be done to change this?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8039}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06074", "question_text": "For the carbon dating described in this chapter, what important assumption is made about the time variation in the intensity of cosmic rays?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6534}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22557", "question_text": "Which best describes self-regulation in adolescents?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4771}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01479", "question_text": "\\sqrt{7z + 1} = 6", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5806}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01906", "question_text": "The product of two consecutive odd numbers is \u01cf. Find the numbers.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9582}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03405", "question_text": "The pH of a solution of household ammonia, a 0.950 M solution of NH 3, is 11.\u02a4. Determine _K_ b for NH 3 from these data.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5154}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16919", "question_text": "How do storms on Jupiter differ from storm systems on Earth?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22377", "question_text": "Evaluate the role of community and environmental contexts in shaping the social development of infants and toddlers. How do factors such as neighborhood safety, community resources, and social networks influence a child's early development? Discuss the potential positive and negative impacts of these environmental factors.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8982}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20144", "question_text": "In a technical data science report, what type of communication is most suitable for executives?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9503}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15412", "question_text": "Some television tubes are CRTs. They use an approximately 30-kV accelerating potential to send electrons to the screen, where the electrons stimulate phosphors to emit the light that forms the pictures we watch. Would you expect x rays also to be created?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23496", "question_text": "The concept of the iron cage was popularized by which of the following sociological thinkers?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8351}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11425", "question_text": "The circulatory fluid in echinoderms is _____.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5036}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13863", "question_text": "How many moles of gaseous boron trifluoride, BF3, are contained in a 4.3410-L bulb at 788.0 K if the pressure is 1.220 atm? How many grams of BF3?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7362}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05344", "question_text": "What is the rest energy of an electron, given its mass is 9\\text{.}{\\text{11} \\times \\text{10}^{- \\text{31}}}\\ \\text{kg} ? Give your answer in joules and MeV.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5726}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10831", "question_text": "What is the primary difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02872", "question_text": "Write a symbol for each of the following neutral isotopes. Include the atomic number and mass number for each. (a) the alkali metal with 11 protons and a mass number of 23 (b) the noble gas element with 75 neutrons in its nucleus and 54 electrons in the neutral atom(c) the isotope with 33 protons and 40 neutrons in its nucleus (d) the alkaline earth metal with 88 electrons and 138 neutrons", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9716}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23606", "question_text": "Contrast a functionalist viewpoint of digital surveillance with a conflict perspective viewpoint.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06183", "question_text": "Your eighty-three-year-old grandmother has been using a computer for some time now. As a way to keep in touch, you frequently send emails of a few lines to let her know about your day. She calls after every email to respond point by point, but she has never emailed a response back. This can be viewed as an example of:    A. cultural lag   B. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis   C. Ethnographic imagery   D. bilingualism", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23636", "question_text": "Analyze the Davis-Moore thesis. Do you agree with Davis and Moore? Does social stratification have an important function in society? What examples can you think of that support the thesis? What examples can you think of that refute the thesis?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18494", "question_text": "Draw 5 cards with replacement from a standard deck and count the number of\u00e2\u0099.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02220", "question_text": "\u24d0 \\left( \\begin{array}{l} 11 \\\\\\ 1 \\end{array} \\right)   \u24d1 \\left( \\begin{array}{l} 12 \\\\\\ 12 \\end{array} \\right)   \u24d2 \\left( \\begin{array}{l} 13 \\\\\\ 0 \\end{array} \\right)   \u24d3 \\left( \\begin{array}{l} 8 \\\\\\ 3 \\end{array} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9907}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19330", "question_text": "What is the main philosophy behind RISC?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.852}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24116", "question_text": "The city of ________ became a leading center for Muslim scholarship and trade. CairoTimbuktuMoroccoMali", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8619}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25216", "question_text": "________ is like the origin story for a brand. problem-solution narrativepurposemission statementvision statement", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8449}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06735", "question_text": "A Carnot engine operates between 550\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} and 20\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} baths and produces 300 kJ of energy in each cycle. Find the change in entropy of the (a) hot bath and (b) cold bath, in each Carnot cycle?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23651", "question_text": "Why do you think some scholars find Cold War terminology (\u00e2\u0080\u009cfirst world\u00e2\u0080\u009d and so on) objectionable?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04603", "question_text": "A runaway train car that has a mass of 15,000 kg travels at a speed of 5\\text{.4 m/s} down a track. Compute the time required for a force of 1500 N to bring the car to rest.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02092", "question_text": "10^{-3} = \\frac{1}{1,000}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.795}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11522", "question_text": "The nutrient that is part of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, and that forms biomolecules, is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.845}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11987", "question_text": "Compare grazing and detrital food webs. Why would they both be present in the same ecosystem?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17131", "question_text": "Why do nebulae near hot stars look red? Why do dust clouds near stars usually look blue?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9929}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07765", "question_text": "Find the center of mass of a uniform thin semicircular plate of radius _R_ . Let the origin be at the center of the semicircle, the plate arc from the + _x_ axis to the \u2212x axis, and the _z_ axis be perpendicular to the plate.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22556", "question_text": "How does the level of self-esteem typically change across the adolescent period?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21979", "question_text": "Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is also known as ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5761}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02051", "question_text": "A daycare facility is enclosing a rectangular area along the side of their building for the children to play outdoors. They need to maximize the area using 180 feet of fencing on three sides of the yard. The quadratic equation A(x) = x\\left( {90 - \\frac{x}{2}} \\right) gives the area, _A_ , of the yard for the length, _x_ , of the building that will border the yard. Find the length of the building that should border the yard to maximize the area, and then find the maximum area.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08506", "question_text": "\\lim\\limits_{x\\rightarrow 0}\\frac{\\tan^{2}(x)}{2x}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4777}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12427", "question_text": "Which muscle pair plays a role in respiration?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9955}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23858", "question_text": "One reason critics oppose globalization is that it:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14019", "question_text": "Suppose you are presented with a clear solution of sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3. How could you determine whether the solution is unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19645", "question_text": "What solution do organizations usually select when they need to store sensitive information and/or function as central repositories for data syncing?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19138", "question_text": "\u00e2\u0088\u00abC3ydx+(x+ey)dy,\u00e2\u0088\u00abC3ydx+(x+ey)dy,whereCis a circle centered at the origin with radius 3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5132}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24766", "question_text": "How does the concept of God serve as a possible foundation for morality? How does religion serve as a possible foundation for morality?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20624", "question_text": "Explain why a financial investor in stocks cannot earn high capital gains simply by buying companies with a demonstrated record of high profits.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6756}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10317", "question_text": "A tile in the shape of an isosceles triangle has a base of 6 inches. If the perimeter is 20 inches, find the length of each of the other sides.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01498", "question_text": "\\sqrt[5]{96t^{8}} + \\sqrt[5]{486t^{4}}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4146}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16481", "question_text": "How would observations of Compton scattering change if ultraviolet light were used in place of X-rays?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15414", "question_text": "Your pupils dilate when visible light intensity is reduced. Does wearing sunglasses that lack UV blockers increase or decrease the UV hazard to your eyes? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8638}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01913", "question_text": "For the function, f(x) = x^{2} - 7x + 5, \u24d0 find when f(x) = -7 \u24d1 Use this information to find two points that lie on the graph of the function.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10869", "question_text": "A scientist notices that when she adds a small, water-soluble molecule to a dish of cells, the cells turn off transcription of a gene. She hypothesizes that the ligand she added binds to a(n) ______ receptor.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8355}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18822", "question_text": "y=x+sin(\u00cf\u0080x)y=x+sin(\u00cf\u0080x)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5506}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07286", "question_text": "A potential difference V(t) = V_{0}\\ \\text{sin}\\ \\omega t is maintained across a parallel-plate capacitor with capacitance _C_ consisting of two circular parallel plates. A thin wire with resistance _R_ connects the centers of the two plates, allowing charge to leak between plates while they are charging.   (a) Obtain expressions for the leakage current I_{\\text{res}}(t) in the thin wire. Use these results to obtain an expression for the current I_{\\text{real}}(t) in the wires connected to the capacitor.   (b) Find the displacement current in the space between the plates from the changing electric field between the plates.   (c) Compare I_{\\text{real}}(t) with the sum of the displacement current I_{\\text{d}}(t) and resistor current I_{\\text{res}}(t) between the plates, and explain why the relationship you observe would be expected.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21866", "question_text": "Some people claim that sleepwalking and talking in your sleep involve individuals acting out their dreams. Why is this particular explanation unlikely?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9524}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01835", "question_text": "\\left( {6p - 11} \\right)\\left( {3p - 10} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3225}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23358", "question_text": "Which structural abnormality is associated with Alzheimer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s disease?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14219", "question_text": "Butane exists as two isomers,n\u00e2\u0088\u0092butane and isobutane. KP= 2.5 at 25 \u00c2\u00b0C What is the pressure of isobutane in a container of the two isomers at equilibrium with a total pressure of 1.22 atm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6686}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12123", "question_text": "Compare and contrast lysosomes with peroxisomes: name at least two similarities and one difference.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07193", "question_text": "Discuss how you might determine the self-inductance per unit length of a long, straight wire.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6075}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20058", "question_text": "What term describes the openness and visibility into how an AI system functions?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6371}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11766", "question_text": "What factors contribute to the amount of tension produced in an individual muscle fiber?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9937}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24041", "question_text": "How would your life be different if you had been ascribed a different gender category at birth? Would your parents, siblings, and other relatives have treated you differently? Would your experiences in school have been different? Would you be the same person?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03098", "question_text": "Explain why the HOH molecule is bent, whereas the HBeH molecule is linear.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.41}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26536", "question_text": "A client asks the nurse about taking supplements for improving memory. Which would be the nurse\u00e2\u0080\u0099s best response?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9843}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21188", "question_text": "How are most attitudes formed?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09622", "question_text": "[LO 11.3](11-3-explain-the-time-value-of-money-and-calculate-present-and- future-values-of-lump-sums-and-annuities) If you are saving the same amount each month in order to buy a new sports car when the new models are released, which of the following will help you determine the savings needed?    A. future value of one dollar   B. present value of one dollar   C. future value of an ordinary annuity   D. present value of an ordinary annuity", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6727}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03740", "question_text": "f(x) = \\frac{x^{2}}{x + 3}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8345}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20211", "question_text": "Return to the example inFigure 2.4. Suppose there is an improvement in medical technology that enables more healthcare with the same amount of resources. How would this affect the production possibilities curve and, in particular, how would it affect the opportunity cost of education?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5571}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16773", "question_text": "What is meant by \u00e2\u0080\u009creflecting\u00e2\u0080\u009d and \u00e2\u0080\u009crefracting\u00e2\u0080\u009d telescopes?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08291", "question_text": "What is the sorting thesis, and what does it suggest as the cause of party polarization?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04125", "question_text": "[LO 3.5](3-5-use-journal-entries-to-record-transactions-and-post-to-t- accounts) Which of the following accounts will normally have a debit balance?    A. Common Stock   B. Fees Earned   C. Supplies   D. Accounts Payable", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9088}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25304", "question_text": "What is the success rate of businesses in the first two to ten years of life in the United States?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9608}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04353", "question_text": "[LO 14.4](14-4-compare-and-contrast-owners-equity-versus-retained-earnings) If a company\u2019s board of directors designates a portion of earnings for a particular purpose due to legal or contractual obligations, they are designated as ________.    A. retained earnings payable   B. appropriated retained earnings   C. cumulative retained earnings   D. restricted retained earnings", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9901}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13848", "question_text": "Sometimes leaving a bicycle in the sun on a hot day will cause a blowout. Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5436}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21336", "question_text": "What role has technology played increasing the power and reach of presidents?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9597}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15312", "question_text": "Laser vision correction often uses an excimer laser that produces 193-nm electromagnetic radiation. This wavelength is extremely strongly absorbed by the cornea and ablates it in a manner that reshapes the cornea to correct vision defects. Explain how the strong absorption helps concentrate the energy in a thin layer and thus give greater accuracy in shaping the cornea. Also explain how this strong absorption limits damage to the lens and retina of the eye.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9734}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10764", "question_text": "The principal force driving movement in diffusion is the __________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6516}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15271", "question_text": "Explain how you could thaw out a frozen water pipe by wrapping a coil carrying an alternating current around it. Does it matter whether or not the pipe is a conductor? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7044}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22662", "question_text": "Analyze how moving out of the parental home affects the parent-child relationship. Compare and contrast the experiences of individuals from different cultural or socioeconomic backgrounds. Provide examples to support your analysis.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26278", "question_text": "LO11.3What is the definition ofpresent value?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9936}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09773", "question_text": "Why would a company want to monitor Internet use at work?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4664}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03878", "question_text": "Using two demand and supply diagrams, one for the low-wage labor market and one for the high-wage labor market, explain how information technology can increase income inequality if it is a complement to high-income workers like salespeople and managers, but a substitute for low-income workers like file clerks and telephone receptionists.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9571}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09671", "question_text": "True or false? According to the Greek system of logic introduced by Socrates, normative ethical theories ultimately are grounded in reason.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7096}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04998", "question_text": "(a)What is the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor having plates of area \\text{1.50 m}^{2}{} that are separated by 0.0200 mm of neoprene rubber? (b) What charge does it hold when 9.00 V is applied to it? ****", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8721}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03069", "question_text": "Write the Lewis structure for the diatomic molecule P 2 , an unstable form of phosphorus found in high-temperature phosphorus vapor.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8579}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23096", "question_text": "Which of the following fibers has the fastest conduction speed?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7776}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11375", "question_text": "Plants are a source of ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9911}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21594", "question_text": "Which of the following is a common reason for countries to have a bicameral legislature?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02232", "question_text": "Find the sum. {\\sum\\limits_{i = 1}^{40}{(5i - 21}})", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05291", "question_text": "The analysis shown in the figure below also applies to diffraction gratings with lines separated by a distance d . What is the distance between fringes produced by a diffraction grating having 125 lines per centimeter for 600-nm light, if the screen is 1.50 m away?  Figure 27.57 The distance between adjacent fringes is \\Delta y = {{x\\lambda}/d} , assuming the slit separation d is large compared with \\lambda .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6141}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04227", "question_text": "[LO 7.4](7-4-prepare-a-subsidiary-ledger) How often do we post the cash column in the cash receipts journal to the subsidiary ledger?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9617}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14522", "question_text": "What is tin pest, also known as tin disease?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9927}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08252", "question_text": "Why do pollsters interview random people throughout the country when trying to project which candidate will win a presidential election?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.771}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23093", "question_text": "You are testing a touch receptor to see what kind of stimulus it responds to. You apply a constant touch stimulus and find that the receptor fires rapidly at first but then stops firing, even though you have continued to provide the constant touch stimulus. Based on this information, what kind of receptor could this be?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04676", "question_text": "Twin skaters approach one another as shown in [Figure 10.37](10-problems- exercises#import-auto-id2558735) and lock hands. (a) Calculate their final angular velocity, given each had an initial speed of 2.50 m/s relative to the ice. Each has a mass of 70.0 kg, and each has a center of mass located 0.800 m from their locked hands. You may approximate their moments of inertia to be that of point masses at this radius. (b) Compare the initial kinetic energy and final kinetic energy.  Figure 10.37 Twin skaters approach each other with identical speeds. Then, the skaters lock hands and spin.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.832}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06701", "question_text": "In the text, we showed that if the Clausius statement is false, the Kelvin statement must also be false. Now show the reverse, such that if the Kelvin statement is false, it follows that the Clausius statement is false.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9887}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11267", "question_text": "Which characteristic is shared by prokaryotes and eukaryotes?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9897}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00785", "question_text": "u\\left( {x,y} \\right) = x^{4} - 3xy + 1,x = 2t,y = t^{3}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6348}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20830", "question_text": "If Congress cuts taxes at the same time that businesses become more pessimistic about the economy, what is the combined effect on output, the price level, and employment using the AD/AS diagram?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01307", "question_text": "q^{-4} \\cdot q^{-5}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4137}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20748", "question_text": "Given the federal budget deficit in recent years, some economists have argued that by adjusting Social Security payments for inflation using the CPI, Social Security is overpaying recipients. What is their argument, and do you agree or disagree with it?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25090", "question_text": "Why should we create goals using the SMART method?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23658", "question_text": "Compare and contrast modernization theory and dependency theory. Which do you think is more useful for explaining global inequality? Explain, using examples.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26413", "question_text": "A company inspects products coming through its production\nprocess, and rejects detected products. One-tenth of the items are\nrejected. If samples of 50 items are taken, what is the standard\ndeviation of the mean of the sampling distribution of sample\nproportions?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9435}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25420", "question_text": "What are the distinguishing characteristics of a B corporation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9918}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09605", "question_text": "[LO 9.4](9-4-describe-the-effects-of-various-decisions-on-performance- evaluation-of-responsibility-centers) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a negotiated transfer pricing approach.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9795}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15814", "question_text": "What is tangential velocity?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6044}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26311", "question_text": "LO12.2Kanye Achebe just became the operations manager of Weston Transportation. Weston transports large crates for online companies and transports containers overseas. Kanye would like to evaluate each divisional manager on a basis similar to segmental reporting required by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) financial statements contained in annual reports. These data include a presentation of net sales, operating profit and loss before and after taxes, total identifiable assets, and depreciation for segment reported. Kanye thinks that evaluating business division managers by the same criteria as the total company is appropriate. Explain why you think the chief financial officer (CFO) disagrees and tells Kanye that publicly reporting information might demotivate managers.For better evaluation of the managers, what type of information should Kanye propose that the CFO might accept?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20907", "question_text": "Explain how to use an open market operation to expand the money supply.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9433}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13596", "question_text": "Which of the enthalpies of combustion inTable 5.2the table are also standard enthalpies of formation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.999}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03253", "question_text": "Supersaturated solutions of most solids in water are prepared by cooling saturated solutions. Supersaturated solutions of most gases in water are prepared by heating saturated solutions. Explain the reasons for the difference in the two procedures.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9578}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13829", "question_text": "Explain why an electron in the bonding molecular orbital in the H2molecule has a lower energy than an electron in the 1satomic orbital of either of the separated hydrogen atoms.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6237}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17833", "question_text": "If you decreased the allowable error bound, why would the minimum sample size increase (keeping the same level of confidence)?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7584}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09319", "question_text": "Which of the following viruses is most widespread in the human population?    A. human immunodeficiency virus   B. Ebola virus   C. Epstein-Barr virus   D. hantavirus", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22654", "question_text": "Identify the characteristics of intimate relationships outlined by Sharabany, and describe the positive outcomes of secure attachment in a romantic relationship.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11276", "question_text": "The amoebaE. histolyticais a pathogen that forms liver abscesses in infected individuals. Its metabolic classification is most likely ______.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4845}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13004", "question_text": "The ion with the lowest blood level is ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9835}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12302", "question_text": "The pelvis ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9849}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11685", "question_text": "Why is it easier to see images at night using peripheral, rather than the central, vision?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22577", "question_text": "Explain how factors such as race, ethnicity, and gender can influence the timing and pacing of achieving sexual minority identity milestones.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21424", "question_text": "Why are foreign policy issues more complicated than domestic policy issues? They are more specific.They are more complex.The international environment is unpredictable.They are more expensive.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9903}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22119", "question_text": "Compare and contrast hostile and instrumental aggression.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15835", "question_text": "What happens to arc length as rotation angle increases?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04852", "question_text": "Practical steam engines utilize \\text{450}\\text{\u00ba}\\text{C} steam, which is later exhausted at \\text{270}\\text{\u00ba}\\text{C} . (a) What is the maximum efficiency that such a heat engine can have? (b) Since \\text{270}\\text{\u00ba}\\text{C} steam is still quite hot, a second steam engine is sometimes operated using the exhaust of the first. What is the maximum efficiency of the second engine if its exhaust has a temperature of \\text{150}\\text{\u00ba}\\text{C} ? (c) What is the overall efficiency of the two engines? (d) Show that this is the same efficiency as a single Carnot engine operating between \\text{450}\\text{\u00ba}\\text{C} and \\text{150}\\text{\u00ba}\\text{C} . Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the [Problem-Solving Strategies for Thermodynamics](15-5-applications-of-thermodynamics-heat-pumps-and- refrigerators) .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9017}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10487", "question_text": "What event inspired \u201cThe Star-Spangled Banner\u201d?    A. Betsy Ross sewing the first American flag raised during a time of war   B. the British bombardment of Baltimore   C. the British burning of Washington, DC   D. the naval battle between the _Leopard_ and the _Chesapeake_", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.427}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09965", "question_text": "\\- \\left| {- y} \\right|\\ \\text{when}\\ y = 33", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.62}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05797", "question_text": "What happens to the mass of water in a pot when it cools, assuming no molecules escape or are added? Is this observable in practice? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8601}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18612", "question_text": "Find the angle measurements in the given figure.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17174", "question_text": "What revisions to the theory of planet formation have astronomers had to make as a result of the discovery of exoplanets?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6786}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12454", "question_text": "Which functional division of the nervous system would be responsible for the physiological changes seen during exercise (e.g., increased heart rate and sweating)?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7677}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11200", "question_text": "The observation that the bacteria genusChlamydiacontains species that can only survive as intracellular parasites supports which viral origin hypothesis?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10794", "question_text": "Which of the following is the best way to judge the relative activation energies between two given chemical reactions?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8213}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19405", "question_text": "Which HLL was developed first?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08900", "question_text": "The element ____________ is unique to nucleic acids compared with other macromolecules.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17586", "question_text": "What is the probability that the store will have more than 12 customers in the first hour?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9837}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11808", "question_text": "How does the lymphatic system work with blood flow?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04776", "question_text": "A high-pressure gas cylinder contains 50.0 L of toxic gas at a pressure of 1\\text{.}\\text{40} \\times \\text{10}^{7}\\ \\text{N/m}^{2} and a temperature of \\text{25}\\text{.}0\\text{\u00ba}\\text{C} . Its valve leaks after the cylinder is dropped. The cylinder is cooled to dry ice temperature (\u2013\\text{78}\\text{.}5\\text{\u00ba}\\text{C}) to reduce the leak rate and pressure so that it can be safely repaired. (a) What is the final pressure in the tank, assuming a negligible amount of gas leaks while being cooled and that there is no phase change? (b) What is the final pressure if one-tenth of the gas escapes? (c) To what temperature must the tank be cooled to reduce the pressure to 1.00 atm (assuming the gas does not change phase and that there is no leakage during cooling)? (d) Does cooling the tank appear to be a practical solution?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9894}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15625", "question_text": "Explain how the uncertainty of a measurement relates to the accuracy and precision of the measuring device. Include the definitions of accuracy and precision in your answer.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9697}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19318", "question_text": "What type of number would we need to represent the number of marbles in a bag?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03186", "question_text": "A 1-L sample of CO initially at STP is heated to 546 K, and its volume is increased to 2 L.(a) What effect do these changes have on the pressure exerted by the gas? (b) What is the effect on the average kinetic energy of the molecules? (c) What is the effect on the root mean square speed of the molecules?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8294}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21191", "question_text": "The Bradley effect occurs when people ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9213}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24008", "question_text": "What are the limitations of informal leadership in acephalous societies? Are there some forms of community action that might be impossible or time-consuming? What kinds of activity become possible with formal positions of leadership?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "anthropology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9876}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20787", "question_text": "At one point Canada\u00e2\u0080\u0099s GDP was $1,800 billion and its exports were $542 billion. What was Canada\u00e2\u0080\u0099s export ratio at this time?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7352}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04424", "question_text": "A student drove to the university from their home and noted that the odometer reading of their car increased by 12.0 km. The trip took 18.0 min. (a) What was their average speed? (b) If the straight-line distance from their home to the university is 10.3 km in a direction \\text{25}\\text{.}0\u00ba south of east, what was their average velocity? (c) If they returned home by the same path 7 h 30 min after they left, what were their average speed and velocity for the entire trip?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7299}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24665", "question_text": "What are the four moves of fact-checking, and how do they work?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7794}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13551", "question_text": "How many milliliters of a 0.1500-Msolution of KOH will be required to titrate 40.00 mL of a 0.0656-Msolution of H3PO4?H3PO4(aq)+2KOH(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6K2HPO4(aq)+2H2O(l)H3PO4(aq)+2KOH(aq)\u00e2\u009f\u00b6K2HPO4(aq)+2H2O(l)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9778}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15675", "question_text": "Which kinematic equation would you use to find the velocity of a skydiver2.0safter she jumps from a plane and before she opens her parachute? Assume the positive direction is downward.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05850", "question_text": "Does changing the intensity of a monochromatic light beam affect the momentum of the individual photons in the beam? Does such a change affect the net momentum of the beam?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9718}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16476", "question_text": "In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum will photons be most effective in accelerating a solar sail?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7232}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04148", "question_text": "[LO 4.2](4-2-discuss-the-adjustment-process-and-illustrate-common-types-of- adjusting-entries) Which type of adjustment occurs when cash _is not_ collected or paid, but the related income or expense _is_ reportable in the current period?    A. accrual   B. deferral   C. estimate   D. cull", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9798}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18886", "question_text": "\u00e2\u0088\u00ab1x4+1dx\u00e2\u0088\u00ab1x4+1dxcannot be integrated using partial fractions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9804}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26981", "question_text": "A nurse is developing a care plan for a client with gastritis. Which potential complication should the nurse address?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4693}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17441", "question_text": "What does the frequency column inTable 2.43sum to? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07516", "question_text": "What properties do forces have that allow us to classify them as vectors?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08035", "question_text": "The temperature of the atmosphere oscillates from a maximum near noontime and a minimum near sunrise. Would you consider the atmosphere to be in stable or unstable equilibrium?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7051}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25022", "question_text": "Examples of a defect in a breach of the implied warranty of merchantability, include all of the following except:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25222", "question_text": "Pitches have different purposes, depending on the target audience. The constant in every pitch is that it ________. must be shortmakes a request for supportincludes six elements and about ten slidesis derived from a corporate narrative", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09063", "question_text": "Cattle are allowed to pasture in a field that contains the farmhouse well, and the farmer\u2019s family becomes ill with a gastrointestinal pathogen after drinking the water. What type of transmission of infectious agents would this be?    A. biological vector transmission   B. direct contact transmission   C. indirect contact transmission   D. vehicle transmission", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5578}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10446", "question_text": "Which of the following was a goal of the Spanish in their destruction of Fort Caroline?    A. establishing a foothold from which to battle the Timucua   B. claiming a safe place to house the New World treasures that would be shipped back to Spain   C. reducing the threat of French privateers   D. locating a site for the establishment of Santa Fe", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9802}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04952", "question_text": "Ultrasound reflected from an oncoming bloodstream that is moving at 30.0 cm/s is mixed with the original frequency of 2.50 MHz to produce beats. What is the beat frequency? (Assume that the frequency of 2.50 MHz is accurate to seven significant figures.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9716}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19262", "question_text": "Both Prim\u00e2\u0080\u0099s algorithm and Dijkstra\u00e2\u0080\u0099s algorithm are greedy algorithms that organize vertices in a priority queue data structure. What is the difference between the ordering of vertices in the priority queue for Prim\u00e2\u0080\u0099s algorithm and Dijkstra\u00e2\u0080\u0099s algorithm?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20628", "question_text": "Answer these three questions about early-stage corporate finance:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9238}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26672", "question_text": "The nurse is educating the client with a torn bicep muscle on the effects of nutrition on musculoskeletal health. What recommendation do you expect the nurse to make?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08714", "question_text": "Which protists are associated with red tides?    A. red algae   B. brown algae   C. dinoflagellates   D. green algae", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.703}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26522", "question_text": "The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old client who has been brought in by their parents due to refusal to eat and seems to choke on fluids easily. The nurse assesses that the client has uncontrolled drooling, is hyperthermic, and has a very muffled cry. What precaution should the nurse take when assessing the gastrointestinal system of this client?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04655", "question_text": "Integrated Concepts You have a grindstone (a disk) that is 90.0 kg, has a 0.340-m radius, and is turning at 90.0 rpm, and you press a steel axe against it with a radial force of 20.0 N. (a) Assuming the kinetic coefficient of friction between steel and stone is 0.20, calculate the angular acceleration of the grindstone. (b) How many turns will the stone make before coming to rest?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13879", "question_text": "Which is denser at the same temperature and pressure, dry air or air saturated with water vapor? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9888}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18375", "question_text": "The sales price of an item is $38.50 after a 40% discount. What was the retail price of the item? Round to the nearest penny.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9931}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01232", "question_text": "p^{15} \\cdot p^{16}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7121}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23107", "question_text": "Pain that is physical in origin activates brain regions that are _____________ brain regions activated by psychological pain.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9968}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14931", "question_text": "Helicopters have a small propeller on their tail to keep them from rotating in the opposite direction of their main lifting blades. Explain in terms of Newton\u00e2\u0080\u0099s third law why the helicopter body rotates in the opposite direction to the blades.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05030", "question_text": "Find the power dissipated in each of these extension cords: (a) an extension cord having a 0\\text{.}{\\text{0600}\\ \\text{-}\\ \\Omega} resistance and through which 5.00 A is flowing; (b) a cheaper cord utilizing thinner wire and with a resistance of {{0\\text{.}\\text{300}\\ \\Omega}.}{}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5234}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11619", "question_text": "Explain how the villi and microvilli aid in absorption.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9467}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01739", "question_text": "f(x) = 3x^{2}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8176}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06818", "question_text": "Calculate the flux through the sheet of the previous problem if the plane of the sheet is at an angle of 60\\text{\u00b0} to the field. Find the flux for both directions of the unit normal to the sheet.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08700", "question_text": "Many of the deeply branching bacteria are aquatic and hyperthermophilic, found near underwater volcanoes and thermal ocean ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03876", "question_text": "A group of 10 people have the following annual incomes: $24,000, $18,000, $50,000, $100,000, $12,000, $36,000, $80,000, $10,000, $24,000, $16,000. Calculate the share of total income that each quintile receives from this income distribution. Do the top and bottom quintiles in this distribution have a greater or larger share of total income than the top and bottom quintiles of the U.S. income distribution?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8551}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18718", "question_text": "Select the most representative sound registering 100 dB: city traffic when in a car with windows rolled up, children playing on a school playground, professional sporting event such as football.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5235}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24871", "question_text": "Which normative ethical theory supports the idea of holding multiple ethical standards? deontologyutilitarianismvirtue ethicsnone of the above", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5808}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10252", "question_text": "14y + (-6z) + 16y + 2z", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9593}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23922", "question_text": "Describe the effect of immigration or emigration on your life or in a community you have seen. What are the positive effects? What are the negative effects?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6136}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24150", "question_text": "Which of the following isnotan item Europeans introduced to Native Americans? wampumglass beadscopper kettlesmetal tools", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05992", "question_text": "For a 3 _d_ electron in an external magnetic field of 2.50\\ \\times \\ 10^{\\text{\u2212}3}\\ \\text{T} , find (a) the current associated with the orbital angular momentum, and (b) the maximum torque.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17513", "question_text": "Write the symbols for the probability that of all the great hitters, a player is an outfielder.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22503", "question_text": "Difficulty with social interaction and challenges in recognizing and understanding the emotions of others are characteristic of", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19129", "question_text": "F(x,y)=(6xy)i+(3x2\u00e2\u0088\u0092yey)jF(x,y)=(6xy)i+(3x2\u00e2\u0088\u0092yey)j", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7923}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08430", "question_text": "f(x) = \\frac{x^{2} + 3x - 3}{x - 1}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.699}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07229", "question_text": "The switch S of the circuit shown below is closed at t = 0 . Determine (a) the initial current through the battery and (b) the steady-state current through the battery.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03339", "question_text": "What is the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the change \\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(l)\\rightleftharpoons\\text{H}_{2}\\text{O}(g) at 30 \u00b0C? (See [Appendix E](e-water-properties) .)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9953}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10434", "question_text": "Which culture developed a road system rivaling that of the Romans?    A. Cherokee   B. Inca   C. Olmec   D. Anasazi", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9617}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14106", "question_text": "What is the half-life for the decomposition of NOCl when the concentration of NOCl is 0.15M? The rate constant for this second-order reaction is 8.0\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00928L mol\u00e2\u0088\u00921s\u00e2\u0088\u00921.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8263}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12757", "question_text": "Explain the location and importance of the ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9009}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01537", "question_text": "m^{2} - 8m", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6282}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09146", "question_text": "________ immunity occurs when antibodies from one individual are harvested and given to another to protect against disease or treat active disease.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04638", "question_text": "A 17.0-m-high and 11.0-m-long wall under construction and its bracing are shown in [Figure 9.30](9-problems-exercises#import-auto-id3104849) . The wall is in stable equilibrium without the bracing but can pivot at its base. Calculate the force exerted by each of the 10 braces if a strong wind exerts a horizontal force of 650 N on each square meter of the wall. Assume that the net force from the wind acts at a height halfway up the wall and that all braces exert equal forces parallel to their lengths. Neglect the thickness of the wall.  Figure 9.30", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26288", "question_text": "LO11.1Austin\u00e2\u0080\u0099s cell phone manufacturer wants to upgrade their product mix to encompass an exciting new feature on their cell phone. This would require a new high-tech machine. You are excited about his new project and are recommending the purchase to your board of directors. Here is the information you have compiled in order to complete this recommendation: According to the information, the project will last 10 years and require an initial investment of $800,000, depreciated with straight-line over the life of the project until the final value is zero. The firm\u00e2\u0080\u0099s tax rate is 30% and the required rate of return is 12%. You believe that the variable cost and sales volume may be as much as 10% higher or lower than the initial estimate. Your boss understands the risks but asks you to explain the alternatives in a brief memo to the board. Write a memo to the Board of Directors objectively weighing out the pros and cons of this project and make your recommendation(s).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23437", "question_text": "What sort of career are you interested in? How could studying sociology help you in this career?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6116}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23447", "question_text": "The main difference between ethnography and other types of participant observation is:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08750", "question_text": "Cell abnormalities resulting from a viral infection are called ____________ _____________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9686}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18668", "question_text": "Are GraphsAandKplanar graphs? What does your answer tell you about the chromatic number of each graph?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9935}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18185", "question_text": "It is Wednesday. What day of the week will it be in 44 days?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8641}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25520", "question_text": "Provide examples of ethical issues related to advertising and include ways to avoid them.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9515}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22080", "question_text": "Why would a clinician give someone a projective test?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4387}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18036", "question_text": "The Sum of Squared Errors for a data set of 18 numbers is 49. What is the standard deviation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7887}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08068", "question_text": "Consider a wave produced on a stretched spring by holding one end and shaking it up and down. Does the wavelength depend on the distance you move your hand up and down?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04456", "question_text": "Find the north and east components of the displacement for the hikers shown in [Figure 3.47](3-conceptual-questions) .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19334", "question_text": "Why is it necessary to have multiple levels of cache memory?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4139}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13701", "question_text": "Which of the following atoms would be expected to form negative ions in binary ionic compounds and which would be expected to form positive ions: Br, Ca, Na, N, F, Al, Sn, S, Cd?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9767}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09813", "question_text": "Federal law does not currently protect LGBTQ applicants from discrimination in hiring. Are there any applicable state laws that do so?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8767}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07025", "question_text": "While taking a bath, a person touches the metal case of a radio. The path through the person to the drainpipe and ground has a resistance of 4000\\ \\text{\u03a9} . What is the smallest voltage on the case of the radio that could cause ventricular fibrillation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9906}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23583", "question_text": "Which of the following isnota form of new media?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08981", "question_text": "Which of the following terms is used to describe the time required to kill all of the microbes within a sample at a given temperature?    A. D-value   B. thermal death point   C. thermal death time   D. decimal reduction time", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9702}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17778", "question_text": "Construct a 90% confidence interval for the population mean weight of the heads of lettuce. State the confidence interval, sketch the graph, and calculate the error bound.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24429", "question_text": "Which of the following doesnotrepresent one of the ways in which William Jennings Bryan appealed to Populists? He came from farm country.He supported free silver.He supported the subtreasury system.He advocated for higher tariffs.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.424}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16276", "question_text": "What is the magnification of a lens if it produces a 12-cm-high image of a 4 -cm -high object? The image is virtual and erect.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9882}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14141", "question_text": "For each of the following pairs of reaction diagrams, identify which of the pair is catalyzed: (a) (b)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8393}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13175", "question_text": "In the reproductive cloning of an animal, the genome of the cloned individual comes from ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8103}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19260", "question_text": "Describe the relationship between the pivot element and the left and right sublists after the first partition in quicksort.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12410", "question_text": "Which of the following is unique to the muscles of facial expression?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9929}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12151", "question_text": "Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6153}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22360", "question_text": "What is one difference between the goals of the mirror test and the body-as-obstacle test?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06825", "question_text": "A charge _q_ is placed at one of the corners of a cube of side _a_ , as shown below. Find the magnitude of the electric flux through the shaded face due to _q_ . Assume q > 0 .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21835", "question_text": "Chemical messengers are used in both the nervous system and the endocrine system. What properties do these two systems share? What properties are different? Which one would be faster? Which one would result in long-lasting changes?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26225", "question_text": "LO9.1Discuss the difference between daily and strategic decisions. Think of a business and provide an example of a daily and strategic decision.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9881}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15100", "question_text": "How do sound vibrations of atoms differ from thermal motion?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7232}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07719", "question_text": "A mysterious force acts on all particles along a particular line and always points towards a particular point _P_ on the line. The magnitude of the force on a particle increases as the cube of the distance from that point; that is F\\infty r^{3} , if the distance from _P_ to the position of the particle is _r_ . Let _b_ be the proportionality constant, and write the magnitude of the force as F = br^{3} . Find the potential energy of a particle subjected to this force when the particle is at a distance _D_ from _P_ , assuming the potential energy to be zero when the particle is at _P_ .", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22701", "question_text": "How would you describe the \u00e2\u0080\u009cpositivity effect\u00e2\u0080\u009d regarding changes in perception in middle adulthood? What are the benefits of this perceptual shift? Use examples in your answer.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9978}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13646", "question_text": "Using the Bohr model, determine the lowest possible energy for the electron in the He+ion.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14821", "question_text": "In a traction setup for a broken bone, with pulleys and rope available, how might we be able to increase the force along the tibia using the same weight? (SeeFigure 4.29.) (Note that the tibia is the shin bone shown in this image.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6294}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04936", "question_text": "What frequencies will a 1.80-m-long tube produce in the audible range at 20.0\u00baC if: (a) The tube is closed at one end? (b) It is open at both ends?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9533}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25657", "question_text": "When faced with a decision between two good but mutually exclusive projects, should a manager base the decision on NPV or IRR? Why?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9935}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20523", "question_text": "What is the marginal cost of labor?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8619}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26135", "question_text": "LO5.4Why does each department have its own work in process inventory?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9771}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08161", "question_text": "What frequency sound has a 0.10-m wavelength when the speed of sound is 340 m/s?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8838}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19102", "question_text": "\u00e2\u0088\u00acDsin(x2+y2)dA\u00e2\u0088\u00acDsin(x2+y2)dAwhereDDis a disk of radius22centered at the origin", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8045}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24307", "question_text": "Based on your reading of William J. Anderson\u00e2\u0080\u0099s and John Brown\u00e2\u0080\u0099s accounts, what types of traumas did enslaved people experience? How were the experiences of Black women and men similar and different?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03093", "question_text": "Use principles of atomic structure to answer each of the following: [1](7-exercises#fs-idp7089072) (a) The radius of the Ca atom is 197 pm; the radius of the Ca 2+ ion is 99 pm. Account for the difference. (b) The lattice energy of CaO( _s_ ) is \u20133460 kJ/mol; the lattice energy of K 2 O is \u20132240 kJ/mol. Account for the difference. (c) Given these ionization values, explain the difference between Ca and K with regard to their first and second ionization energies.  Element | First Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) | Second Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)   ---|---|---   K | 419 | 3050   Ca | 590 | 1140   (d) The first ionization energy of Mg is 738 kJ/mol and that of Al is 578 kJ/mol. Account for this difference.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5316}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04735", "question_text": "If the pressure reading of your pitot tube is 15.0 mm Hg at a speed of 200 km/h, what will it be at 700 km/h at the same altitude?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22748", "question_text": "Older adults are more likely to experience ________ conditions but less likely to experience ________ conditions.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13094", "question_text": "Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most complex to the least complex level?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_00868", "question_text": "-28 \\div 7", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9926}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03397", "question_text": "Why is the hydronium ion concentration in a solution that is 0.10 _M_ in HCl and 0.10 _M_ in HCOOH determined by the concentration of HCl?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9537}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19875", "question_text": "What are the primary responsibilities of a CISO, and how do they differ from those of an information security analyst?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21274", "question_text": "In general, do parties make the business of government easier or harder to accomplish?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9957}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15658", "question_text": "A defensive player kicks a soccer ball 20 m back to her own goalie. It stops just as it reaches her. She sends it back to the player. Without knowing the time it takes, draw a rough sketch of the displacement over time. Does this graph look similar to the graph of the hockey puck from the previous question?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04991", "question_text": "In nuclear fission, a nucleus splits roughly in half. (a) What is the potential {2\\text{.}{\\text{00} \\times \\text{10}^{\u201314}}\\ \\text{m}}{} from a fragment that has 46 protons in it? (b) What is the potential energy in MeV of a similarly charged fragment at this distance?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7449}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11416", "question_text": "Annelids have (a):", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9736}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16845", "question_text": "What is the composition of the Moon, and how does it compare to the composition of Earth? Of Mercury?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9758}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03736", "question_text": "If the radius of convergence for a power series \\sum\\limits_{n = 0}^{\\infty}{a_{n}x^{n}} is 5, then the radius of convergence for the series \\sum\\limits_{n = 1}^{\\infty}{na_{n}x^{n - 1}} is also 5.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9534}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10761", "question_text": "What is the primary function of carbohydrates attached to the exterior of cell membranes?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3929}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19396", "question_text": "Explain in detail the file system\u00e2\u0080\u0099s higher-level services.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10089", "question_text": "(-0.8) \\div (-0.2)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6559}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13884", "question_text": "Consider this question: What is the molecular formula of a compound that contains 39% C, 45% N, and 16% H if 0.157 g of the compound occupies 125 mL with a pressure of 99.5 kPa at 22 \u00c2\u00b0C? (a) Outline the steps necessary to answer the question. (b) Answer the question.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4546}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09874", "question_text": "**Shopping for an interview** Nathan bought a new shirt, tie, and slacks to wear to a job interview. The shirt cost \\text{\\$24,} the tie cost \\text{\\$14,} and the slacks cost \\text{\\$38.} What was Nathan\u2019s total cost?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08381", "question_text": "Using the data in [Table 19.3](19-self-check-questions#Ch32Mod01Tab03) , rank the seven regions of the world according to GDP and then according to GDP per capita.  | Population (in millions) | GDP Per Capita | GDP = Population \u00d7 Per Capita GDP (in millions)   ---|---|---|---   East Asia and Pacific | 2,006 | $5,536 | $10,450,032   South Asia | 1,671 | $1,482 | $2,288,812   Sub-Saharan Africa | 936.1 | $1,657 | $1,287,650   Latin America and Caribbean | 588 | $9,536 | $5,339,390   Middle East and North Africa | 345.4 | $3,456 | $1,541,900   Europe and Central Asia | 272.2 | $7,118 | $1,862,384   Table 19.3 GDP and Population of Seven Regions of the World", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5281}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23669", "question_text": "Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6266}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15294", "question_text": "Why is the direction of the current shown in each part ofFigure 24.6opposite to the electric field produced by the wire\u00e2\u0080\u0099s charge separation?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5189}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05720", "question_text": "A good quality camera \u201clens\u201d is actually a system of lenses, rather than a single lens, but a side effect is that a reflection from the surface of one lens can bounce around many times within the system, creating artifacts in the photograph. To counteract this problem, one of the lenses in such a system is coated with a thin layer of material ( n = 1.28 ) on one side. The index of refraction of the lens glass is 1.\u0084. What is the smallest thickness of the coating that reduces the reflection at 640 nm by destructive interference? (In other words, the coating\u2019s effect is to be optimized for \\lambda = 640\\ \\text{nm} .)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9251}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05079", "question_text": "Suppose you measure the terminal voltage of a 1.585-V alkaline cell having an internal resistance of 0\\text{.}\\text{100}\\,\\Omega by placing a 1\\text{.}\\text{00}\\text{-k}\\Omega voltmeter across its terminals. (See [Figure 21.52](21-problems-exercises#import-auto-id1349482) .) (a) What current flows? (b) Find the terminal voltage. (c) To see how close the measured terminal voltage is to the emf, calculate their ratio.  Figure 21.52", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9972}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23525", "question_text": "Why do you think that people like Chris Langan continue to have difficulty even after they are helped through societal systems? What is it they\u00e2\u0080\u0099ve missed that prevents them from functioning successfully in the social world?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9987}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07169", "question_text": "Over a region of radius _R_ , there is a spatially uniform magnetic field \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{B}}. (See below.) At t = 0 , B = 1.0\\ \\text{T,} after which it decreases at a constant rate to zero in 30 s. (a) What is the electric field in the regions where r \\leq R and r \\geq R during that 30-s interval? (b) Assume that R = 10.0\\ \\text{cm} . How much work is done by the electric field on a proton that is carried once clock wise around a circular path of radius 5.0 cm? (c) How much work is done by the electric field on a proton that is carried once counterclockwise around a circular path of any radius r \\geq R ? (d) At the instant when B = 0.50\\ \\text{T} , a proton enters the magnetic field at _A_ , moving a velocity \\mathbf{\\overset{\\rightarrow}{v}} \\left( {v = 5.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{6}\\ \\text{m}\\text{/}\\text{s}} \\right) as shown. What are the electric and magnetic forces on the proton at that instant?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9776}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14045", "question_text": "Assuming ideal solution behavior, what is the boiling point of a solution of 115.0 g of nonvolatile sucrose, C12H22O11, in 350.0 g of water? (a) Outline the steps necessary to answer the question (b) Answer the question", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6427}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05566", "question_text": "Will light change direction toward or away from the perpendicular when it goes from air to water? Water to glass? Glass to air?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9223}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25676", "question_text": "The financial manager of New England Blissful Dairies, a distributor of milk, cream, and ice cream products, has finished the 12-month operating budget. For the month of June, the following projections were made:June 1 Cash Balance $90,000Cash Receipts $300,000Cash Disbursement $350,000Taking into account an amount of cash that the firm likes to maintain as a target (minimum cash balance) of $75,000, prepare the cash budget for June using the format below. Assume that, if necessary, the company will draw upon a preestablished line of credit with their bank to be able to maintain the target cash balance.Will the company need short-term financing?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9552}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18938", "question_text": "Iflimn\u00e2\u0086\u0092\u00e2\u0088\u009ean\u00e2\u00890,limn\u00e2\u0086\u0092\u00e2\u0088\u009ean\u00e2\u00890,then\u00e2\u0088\u0091n=1\u00e2\u0088\u009ean\u00e2\u0088\u0091n=1\u00e2\u0088\u009eandiverges.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8041}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19611", "question_text": "What are the various categories of tools used to develop cloud-native applications?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24850", "question_text": "Where do anarchists believe disorder comes from?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8881}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19967", "question_text": "What step in the data-driven decision-making process involves using techniques such as classification, regression, clustering, and association analysis to uncover patterns and trends within the collected data?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.693}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03552", "question_text": "Why does hydrogen not exhibit an oxidation state of 1\u2212 when bonded to nonmetals?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8907}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15982", "question_text": "Explain what is meant when a physicist states that \"simultaneity is not absolute.\"Describe what is meant by the sentence, \u00e2\u0080\u009cSimultaneity is not absolute.\u00e2\u0080\u009d", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08635", "question_text": "When you see light bend as it moves from air into water, you are observing _________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6032}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03507", "question_text": "Why don\u2019t hydrogen ions appear in equations for half-reactions occurring in basic solution?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9994}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17555", "question_text": "Complete the expected value table. xP(x)x*P(x)00.210.220.430.2Table4.22", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5912}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06813", "question_text": "Is the term \\overset{\\rightarrow}{\\mathbf{E}} in Gauss\u2019s law the electric field produced by just the charge inside the Gaussian surface?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9841}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11410", "question_text": "Most sponge body plans are slight variations on a simple tube-within-a-tube design. Which of the following is a key limitation of sponge body plans?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9963}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07539", "question_text": "A body with a mass of 10.0 kg is assumed to be in Earth\u2019s gravitational field with g = 9.80\\ \\text{m/s}^{2} . What is the net force on the body if there are no other external forces acting on the object?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9967}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02875", "question_text": "For each of the following pairs of ions, write the formula of the compound they will form:(a) Ca 2+ , S 2\u2212 (b) \\text{NH}_{4}{}^{+}\\text{,} \\text{SO}_{4}{}^{2-} (c) Al 3+ , Br \u2212 (d) Na + , \\text{HPO}_{4}{}^{2-} (e) Mg 2+ , \\text{PO}_{4}{}^{3-}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9908}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16045", "question_text": "Entropy never decreases in a spontaneous process. Give an example to support this statement.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.59}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09034", "question_text": "The method that can determine the MICs of multiple antimicrobial drugs against a microbial strain using a single agar plate is called the ________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19739", "question_text": "What do computers require to manage the computer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s memory and other resources such as disk storage while providing the interface for computer users?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5899}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19734", "question_text": "As a website moderator encouraging visitors to offer opinions about various topics, you have noticed that some users bully and harass others. How can you handle this while respecting the users\u00e2\u0080\u0099 anonymity and privacy?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9812}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06104", "question_text": "Find the radiation dose in Gy for: (a) A 10-mSv fluoroscopic X-ray series. (b) 50 mSv of skin exposure by an \\alpha emitter. (c) 160 mSv of \\beta^{-} and \\gamma rays from the {}^{40}\\text{K} in your body.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05214", "question_text": "Integrated Concepts Electromagnetic radiation from a 5.00-mW laser is concentrated on a 1\\text{.}\\text{00}\\text{-mm}^{2} area. (a) What is the intensity in \\text{W/m}^{2}{} ? (b) Suppose a 2.00-nC static charge is in the beam. What is the maximum electric force it experiences? (c) If the static charge moves at 400 m/s, what maximum magnetic force can it feel?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9939}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08281", "question_text": "Why is it a potential problem that the equal-time rule does not apply to candidates\u2019 supporters?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5421}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26229", "question_text": "LO9.2Choose a company and describe how a specific issue, policy, or procedure (for example, granting merchandise returns, establishing sales prices) might look if the business is structured as a centralized business.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.583}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13340", "question_text": "A chemist\u00e2\u0080\u0099s 50-Trillion Angstrom Run (seeExercise 1.78) would be an archeologist\u00e2\u0080\u0099s 10,900 cubit run. How long is one cubit in meters and in feet? (1 \u00c3\u0085 = 1\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u009710\u00e2\u0088\u00928cm)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7633}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12738", "question_text": "The coronary arteries branch off of the ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9919}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09720", "question_text": "Name the three components of the triple bottom line.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05103", "question_text": "(a) Viewers of _Star Trek_ hear of an antimatter drive on the Starship _Enterprise_ . One possibility for such a futuristic energy source is to store antimatter charged particles in a vacuum chamber, circulating in a magnetic field, and then extract them as needed. Antimatter annihilates with normal matter, producing pure energy. What strength magnetic field is needed to hold antiprotons, moving at 5\\text{.}{\\text{00} \\times \\text{10}^{7}}\\ \\text{m/s} in a circular path 2.00 m in radius? Antiprotons have the same mass as protons but the opposite (negative) charge. (b) Is this field strength obtainable with today\u2019s technology or is it a futuristic possibility?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.557}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01830", "question_text": "\\left( {\\frac{1}{3}c^{2}} \\right)\\left( {30c^{8}} \\right)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8488}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22900", "question_text": "An EPSP is generated when:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10898", "question_text": "An organism\u00e2\u0080\u0099s traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited _____.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9812}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22075", "question_text": "How might a temperament mix between parent and child affect family life?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9943}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26903", "question_text": "A client calls the nurse because they experienced intolerable flushing after taking over-the-counter niacin. Which intervention might the nurse recommend?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03631", "question_text": "Fatty acids are carboxylic acids that have long hydrocarbon chains attached to a carboxylate group. How does a saturated fatty acid differ from an unsaturated fatty acid? How are they similar?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07922", "question_text": "The bulk modulus of a material is 1.0\\ \\times \\ 10^{11}\\ \\text{N/m}^{2}. What fractional change in volume does a piece of this material undergo when it is subjected to a bulk stress increase of 10^{7}\\ \\text{N/m}^{2}\\text{?} Assume that the force is applied uniformly over the surface.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9893}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05944", "question_text": "A particle with mass _m_ is described by the following wave function: \\psi(x) = A\\ \\text{cos}\\ kx + B\\ \\text{sin}\\ kx , where _A_ , _B_ , and _k_ are constants. Assuming that the particle is free, show that this function is the solution of the stationary Schr\u04e7dinger equation for this particle and find the energy that the particle has in this state.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03968", "question_text": "How would a dramatic increase in the value of the stock market shift the AD curve? What effect would the shift have on the equilibrium level of GDP and the price level?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6212}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10416", "question_text": "A. \u24d0 (\u22121,\u22125)(\u22121,\u22125)   B. \u24d1 (\u22123,4)(\u22123,4)   C. \u24d2 (2,\u22123)(2,\u22123)   D. \u24d3 (1,52)(1,52)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7056}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25623", "question_text": "Compared to a \u00e2\u0080\u009cbest efforts\u00e2\u0080\u009d form of underwriting, how does \u00e2\u0080\u009cfirm commitment\u00e2\u0080\u009d underwriting transfer risk from the issuing firm to the underwriter?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26050", "question_text": "LO1.1What are some activities and tasks a manager might perform when engaging in the controlling function of management responsibilities?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6922}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05029", "question_text": "What is the power of a 1.00 \\times \\text{10}^{\\text{2}}\\ \\text{MV} lightning bolt having a current of 2.00\\ \\times\\ 10^{\\text{4}}\\ \\text{A} ?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9938}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02235", "question_text": "Find the sum of the first thirteen terms of the geometric sequence, 2,-6,18,-54,162,-486\\text{\u2026}", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9983}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07248", "question_text": "Calculate the rms currents for an ac source is given by v(t) = V_{0}\\ \\text{sin}\\ \\omega t, where V_{0} = 100\\ \\text{V} and \\omega = 200\\pi\\ \\text{rad/s} when connected across (a) a 20\\text{-}\\mu\\text{F} capacitor, (b) a 20-mH inductor, and (c) a 50\\text{-}\\text{\u03a9} resistor.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19570", "question_text": "What are the differences between Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 applications?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9998}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07086", "question_text": "A 4.0-cm by 6.0-cm rectangular current loop carries a current of 10 A. What is the magnetic dipole moment of the loop?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9854}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18578", "question_text": "Find the scaling factor of the two similar triangles in the given figure.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16330", "question_text": "What is the charge on a proton?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.748}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21455", "question_text": "The study of politics can be scientific only if ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9256}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14803", "question_text": "What is the relationship between weight and mass? Which is an intrinsic, unchanging property of a body?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.979}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08563", "question_text": "Describe the difference between an express and implied warranty.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9989}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14664", "question_text": "Write the structures for all the isomers of the \u00e2\u0080\u0093C5H11alkyl group.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9975}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17792", "question_text": "The 95% confidence interval is:__________________.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9898}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17703", "question_text": "If the area to the right ofxin a normal distribution is 0.543, what is the area to the left ofx?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9705}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05402", "question_text": "Integrated Concepts One problem with x rays is that they are not sensed. Calculate the temperature increase of a researcher exposed in a few seconds to a nearly fatal accidental dose of x rays under the following conditions. The energy of the x-ray photons is 200 keV, and 4\\text{.}{\\text{00} \\times \\text{10}^{\\text{13}}} of them are absorbed per kilogram of tissue, the specific heat of which is 0\\text{.}\\text{830 kcal/kg} \\cdot \\text{\u00baC} . (Note that medical diagnostic x-ray machines _cannot_ produce an intensity this great.)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14785", "question_text": "If an airplane pilot is told to fly 123 km in a straight line to get from San Francisco to Sacramento, explain why he could end up anywhere on the circle shown inFigure 3.48. What other information would he need to get to Sacramento? Figure3.48", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.924}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12274", "question_text": "Describe the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae and their boundaries, and give the midline structure that divides each into right and left areas.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9503}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20719", "question_text": "Is a decrease in the unemployment rate necessarily a good thing for a nation? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5843}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22552", "question_text": "The theories described in the chapter see adolescence as a ________ .", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9959}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06756", "question_text": "An atomic nucleus contains positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons. Since nuclei do stay together, what must we conclude about the forces between these nuclear particles?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6759}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03692", "question_text": "Find the mass of \\rho = e^{\\text{\u2212}x} on a disk centered at the origin with radius 4.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14222", "question_text": "In a 3.0-L vessel, the following equilibrium partial pressures are measured: N2, 190 torr; H2, 317 torr; NH3, 1.00\u00c3\u0097\u00c3\u0097103torr. N2(g)+3H2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c2NH3(g)N2(g)+3H2(g)\u00e2\u0087\u008c2NH3(g) (a) How will the partial pressures of H2, N2, and NH3change if H2is removed from the system? Will they increase, decrease, or remain the same? (b) Hydrogen is removed from the vessel until the partial pressure of nitrogen, at equilibrium, is 250 torr. Calculate the partial pressures of the other substances under the new conditions.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9941}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12027", "question_text": "Which of the following statements about nutrients is true?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9568}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15996", "question_text": "What is radiation?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6873}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21178", "question_text": "AIM was ________. a federal program that returned control of Native American education to tribal governmentsa radical group of Native American activists who occupied the settlement of Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservationan attempt to reduce the size of reservationsa federal program to give funds to Native American tribes to help their members open small businesses that would employ tribal members", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5258}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23367", "question_text": "These types of neurons get their name from the fact that connecting the centers of their firing fields gives a regular pattern.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8516}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18759", "question_text": "A car is racing along a circular track with diameter of 1 mi. A trainer standing in the center of the circle marks his progress every 5 sec. After 5 sec, the trainer has to turn 55\u00c2\u00b0 to keep up with the car. How fast is the car traveling?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9971}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23815", "question_text": "Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. used his public speaking abilities and magnetism to inspire African Americans to stand up against injustice in an extremely hostile environment. He is an example of a(n) __________ leader.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9654}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06304", "question_text": "Many constitutional monarchies started out as:    A. oligarchies   B. absolute monarchies   C. dictatorships   D. democracies", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9842}
{"question_id": "cogbench_14686", "question_text": "Alcohols A, B, and C all have the composition C4H10O. Molecules of alcohol A contain a branched carbon chain and can be oxidized to an aldehyde; molecules of alcohol B contain a linear carbon chain and can be oxidized to a ketone; and molecules of alcohol C can be oxidized to neither an aldehyde nor a ketone. Write the Lewis structures of these molecules.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.528}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05035", "question_text": "Alkaline batteries have the advantage of putting out constant voltage until very nearly the end of their life. How long will an alkaline battery rated at 1\\text{.}\\text{00 A}{\\cdot \\text{h}} and 1.58 V keep a 1.00-W flashlight bulb burning?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.984}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20811", "question_text": "Would a shift of AD to the right tend to make the equilibrium quantity and price level higher or lower? What about a shift of AD to the left?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9976}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09810", "question_text": "Religious apparel and/or appearance are protected under Title VII\u2019s umbrella of religious nondiscrimination. Give an example.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9011}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01052", "question_text": "\u24d0 x > 0   \u24d1 x < \\- 3   \u24d2 x \\geq -1", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9361}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15556", "question_text": "Lacking direct evidence of WIMPs as dark matter, why must we eliminate all other possible explanations based on the known forms of matter before we invoke their existence?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8947}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25150", "question_text": "You have learned about B-corporations. If you started a new business, would you commit to the rather stringent audit process necessary to become a B-corporation? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9731}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07170", "question_text": "The current in a long solenoid with 20 turns per centimeter of radius 3 cm is varied with time at a rate of 2 A/s. A circular loop of wire of radius 5 cm and resistance 2\\ \\text{\u03a9} surrounds the solenoid. Find the electrical current induced in the loop.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9996}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24661", "question_text": "Describe critical thinking strategies that can be applied to two of the cognitive biases identified in the chapter.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "philosophy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21297", "question_text": "Evaluate theCitizens Uniteddecision. Why might the Court have considered campaign contributions a form of speech? Would the Founders have agreed with this decision? Why or why not?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11293", "question_text": "Describe two ways in which paramecium differs from the projected traits of the last eukaryotic common ancestor.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7151}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10685", "question_text": "What property of carbon makes it essential for organic life?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7632}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11674", "question_text": "Many diabetic patients are warned by their doctors to test their glucose levels by pricking the sides of their fingers rather than the pads. Pricking the sides avoids stimulating which receptor?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06569", "question_text": "In a study of healthy young men [1](1-problems#fs-id1170903788335) , doing 20 push-ups in 1 minute burned an amount of energy per kg that for a 70.0-kg man corresponds to 8.06 calories (kcal). How much would a 70.0-kg man\u2019s temperature rise if he did not lose any heat during that time?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9194}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11040", "question_text": "Quinolone antibiotics treat bacterial infections by blocking the activity of topoisomerase. Why does this treatment work? Explain what occurs at the molecular level.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8354}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24583", "question_text": "Discuss how and why various groups of people within American society began to challenge and criticize the nation\u00e2\u0080\u0099s way of life in the 1960s. Were their criticisms valid? What were some of the goals of these groups, and how did they go about achieving them?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5696}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26721", "question_text": "What ethical principle refers to promoting potential benefits and decreasing potential harms when the nurse provides care to a client?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8577}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26644", "question_text": "The nurse is teaching a client about nutritional interventions for an overactive bladder. Which instruction should the nurse give the client?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9461}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11377", "question_text": "What role did the adaptations of seed and pollen play in the development and expansion of seed plants?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9854}
{"question_id": "cogbench_13430", "question_text": "Which of the following represents the least number of molecules? (a) 20.0 g of H2O (18.02 g/mol) (b) 77.0 g of CH4(16.06 g/mol) (c) 68.0 g of C3H6(42.08 g/mol) (d) 100.0 g of N2O (44.02 g/mol) (e) 84.0 g of HF (20.01 g/mol)", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9927}
{"question_id": "cogbench_27025", "question_text": "The nurse is providing discharge teaching for an adult client who has experienced recurrent renal calculi. Which of these instructions is appropriate for this client?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "nursing", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8598}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16636", "question_text": "Parallaxes of stars were not observed by ancient astronomers. How can this fact be reconciled with the heliocentric hypothesis?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "astronomy", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9659}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22905", "question_text": "Neurons maintain a negative  ________ as a result of the concentration gradient for K+ and K+ leak channels.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04794", "question_text": "Unreasonable Results (a) How many moles per cubic meter of an ideal gas are there at a pressure of 1\\text{.}\\text{00} \\times \\text{10}^{\\text{14}}\\ \\text{N/m}^{2} and at 0\\text{\u00ba}\\text{C} ? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which premise or assumption is responsible?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23062", "question_text": "Which statement about bitter taste compounds is false?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8923}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11032", "question_text": "Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome while eukaryotes have linear chromosomes. Describe one advantage and one disadvantage to the eukaryotic genome packaging compared to the prokaryotes.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8115}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18847", "question_text": "\u00e2\u0088\u00ab\u00e2\u0088\u009211(x3\u00e2\u0088\u00922x2+4x)dx\u00e2\u0088\u00ab\u00e2\u0088\u009211(x3\u00e2\u0088\u00922x2+4x)dx", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9176}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08767", "question_text": "Two molecules containing the same types and numbers of atoms but different bonding sequences are called enantiomers.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8312}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22606", "question_text": "Heuristics are best described as", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8171}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24124", "question_text": "Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? EnglandPortugalSpainthe Netherlands", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02991", "question_text": "Calculate the enthalpy of solution (\u0394 _H_ for the dissolution) per mole of CaCl 2 (refer to [Exercise 5.25](5-exercises#fs-idm68277040) ).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9985}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11979", "question_text": "The majority of water found on Earth is:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6932}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11994", "question_text": "Describe nitrogen fixation and why it is important to agriculture.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9997}
{"question_id": "cogbench_25893", "question_text": "LO9.1Review the new revenue recognition guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board http://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/Page/ImageBridgePage&cid=1176169257359 and answer the following questions. What is the new standard as of ASC 606? What does that mean to you?What are the recommended steps companies should follow to achieve the core principle?How does this change current GAAP standards?Who is required to adhere to this new standard?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6977}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12108", "question_text": "Which of the following is part of the elongation step of DNA synthesis?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_23840", "question_text": "Explain how an absolute monarchy differs from a dictatorship.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "sociology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9988}
{"question_id": "cogbench_09148", "question_text": "Which of the following is the type of cell largely responsible for type I hypersensitivity responses?    A. erythrocyte   B. mast cell   C. T lymphocyte   D. antibody", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9328}
{"question_id": "cogbench_12938", "question_text": "Some low-fat or non-fat foods contain a large amount of sugar to replace the fat content of the food. Discuss how this leads to increased fat in the body (and weight gain) even though the item is non-fat.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5934}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22319", "question_text": "If a toddler says \u00e2\u0080\u009cmama ball,\u00e2\u0080\u009d what type of speech is this?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.8717}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16446", "question_text": "Why are the coils of a transformer wrapped around a loop of ferrous material?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.909}
{"question_id": "cogbench_04030", "question_text": "How would a balanced budget amendment change the effect of automatic stabilizer programs?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "economics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.3841}
{"question_id": "cogbench_05196", "question_text": "A radio station utilizes frequencies between commercial AM and FM. What is the frequency of a 11.12-m-wavelength channel?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9928}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16530", "question_text": "Explain why an alpha particle can have a greater range in air than a beta particle in lead.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9929}
{"question_id": "cogbench_08629", "question_text": "Which type of microscope is especially useful for viewing thick structures such as biofilms?    A. a transmission electron microscope   B. a scanning electron microscopes   C. a phase-contrast microscope   D. a confocal scanning laser microscope   E. an atomic force microscope", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6178}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03664", "question_text": "Write the balanced nuclear equation for the production of the following transuranium elements: (a) berkelium-244, made by the reaction of Am-241 and He-4 (b) fermium-254, made by the reaction of Pu-239 with a large number of neutrons (c) lawrencium-257, made by the reaction of Cf-250 and B-11 (d) dubnium-260, made by the reaction of Cf-249 and N-15", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9184}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17460", "question_text": "First quartile = _______", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9554}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17896", "question_text": "A new windshield treatment claims to repel water more effectively. Ten windshields are tested by simulating rain without the new treatment. The same windshields are then treated, and the experiment is run again. A hypothesis test is conducted.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9727}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01033", "question_text": "9(2p - 5) = 72", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6528}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10529", "question_text": "On what grounds did Dred Scott sue for freedom?    A. the inherent inhumanity of slavery   B. the cruelty of his enslaver   C. the fact that he had lived in free states   D. the fact that his family would be torn apart", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9952}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15633", "question_text": "Which of the following best describes the relationship between instantaneous velocity and instantaneous speed?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9936}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18974", "question_text": "f(x)=x(2+x2)2f(x)=x(2+x2)2", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5277}
{"question_id": "cogbench_11804", "question_text": "Describe a closed circulatory system.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "biology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9943}
{"question_id": "cogbench_24896", "question_text": "ISOs are sustainability standards for businesses ________. promulgated by the state governmentpromulgated by the federal governmentpromulgated by the World Trade Organizationnone of the above", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 1, "bloom_name": "Remember", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5759}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10169", "question_text": "Aya bought a pair of shoes that was on sale for \\text{\\$30} off. The original price of the shoes was \\text{\\$75}.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 6, "bloom_name": "Create", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5642}
{"question_id": "cogbench_16040", "question_text": "What are the necessary conditions for energy transfer by heat to occur between two bodies through the process of conduction?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7585}
{"question_id": "cogbench_01428", "question_text": "The recommended erythromycin dosage for dogs, is 5 mg for every pound the dog weighs. If Daisy weighs 25 pounds, how many milligrams of erythromycin should her veterinarian prescribe?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.7818}
{"question_id": "cogbench_07739", "question_text": "What is the average momentum of an avalanche that moves a 40-cm-thick layer of snow over an area of 100 m by 500 m over a distance of 1 km down a hill in 5.5 s? Assume a density of 350 kg/m 3 for the snow.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9927}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21476", "question_text": "Political scientists are better able to make predictions if ________.", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 5, "bloom_name": "Evaluate", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.6665}
{"question_id": "cogbench_10560", "question_text": "In what way did education play a crucial role in the emergence of the middle class?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "history", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9974}
{"question_id": "cogbench_20025", "question_text": "What sets global information systems apart from traditional information systems regarding their scope of operations?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9992}
{"question_id": "cogbench_15770", "question_text": "After a projectile is launched in the air, in which direction does it experience constant, non-zero acceleration, ignoring air resistance?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.5365}
{"question_id": "cogbench_06562", "question_text": "(a) Suppose a meter stick made of steel and one made of aluminum are the same length at 0^{}\\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} . What is their difference in length at 22.0\\ \\text{\u00b0}\\text{C} ? (b) Repeat the calculation for two 30.0-m-long surveyor\u2019s tapes.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "physics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9981}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21783", "question_text": "Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that:", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03182", "question_text": "Calculate the relative rate of diffusion of 1 H 2 (molar mass 2.0 g/mol) compared with 2 H 2 (molar mass 4.0 g/mol) and the relative rate of diffusion of O 2 (molar mass 32 g/mol) compared with O 3 (molar mass 48 g/mol).", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9986}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18294", "question_text": "Translate from algebra to words:2x+3", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 2, "bloom_name": "Understand", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9995}
{"question_id": "cogbench_03130", "question_text": "How are the following similar, and how do they differ? (a) \u03c3 molecular orbitals and \u03c0 molecular orbitals (b) _\u03c8_ for an atomic orbital and _\u03c8_ for a molecular orbital (c) bonding orbitals and antibonding orbitals", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "chemistry", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9991}
{"question_id": "cogbench_18042", "question_text": "Write the final assumption.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9993}
{"question_id": "cogbench_02794", "question_text": "A buyer of a new sedan can custom order the car by choosing from 5 different exterior colors, 3 different interior colors, 2 sound systems, 3 motor designs, and either manual or automatic transmission. How many choices does the buyer have?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_qa", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.4233}
{"question_id": "cogbench_19519", "question_text": "What are the drawbacks of the waterfall model?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "computer_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9737}
{"question_id": "cogbench_22977", "question_text": "What is the primary cause of anencephaly, a severe structural brain defect where parts of the brain and skull fail to develop?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "psychology", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9906}
{"question_id": "cogbench_21215", "question_text": "Why do Belgium, Turkey, and Australia have higher voter turnout rates than the United States?", "question_type": "mcq", "subject": "political_science", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9851}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17649", "question_text": "Find the 30thpercentile.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9964}
{"question_id": "cogbench_17891", "question_text": "Assume the null hypothesis states that the mean is at least 18. Is this a left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed test?", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "mathematics", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 3, "bloom_name": "Apply", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9533}
{"question_id": "cogbench_26030", "question_text": "LO16.1Is it possible for a company to have significant net income in the same time period that net cash flows are negative? Explain.", "question_type": "open_ended", "subject": "business", "source": "openstax_mcq", "bloom_level": 4, "bloom_name": "Analyze", "label_source": "ccs_phase1_silver", "confidence": 0.9949}