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README.md
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---
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language:
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- en
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- fr
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- es
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- pl
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- it
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license: cc-by-4.0
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pretty_name: Targum Corpus
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tags:
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- bible
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- translation
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- nlp
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- corpus-linguistics
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- parallel-corpus
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size_categories:
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- 10M<n<100M
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task_categories:
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- text-generation
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- translation
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---
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# Targum Corpus
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Multilingual New Testament translation corpus. 307 translations across 5 languages from 13 source libraries, spanning 1525–2025.
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## Dataset summary
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| Language | Code | Translations |
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|---|---|---|
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| English | `en` | 196 |
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| French | `fr` | 44 |
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| Spanish | `es` | 29 |
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| Polish | `pl` | 25 |
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| Italian | `it` | 13 |
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| **Total** | | **307** |
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Includes public domain (242) and open-license (65) translations. Full translation metadata in `index.tsv` and `manifest.json`.
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## Structure
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```
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corpora/
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{site}/
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{iso}/
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{id}.jsonl # one verse per line
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index.tsv # metadata for all 307 translations
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book_coverage.tsv # which books each translation covers
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manifest.json # summary statistics
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```
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Each JSONL file:
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```json
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{"book": "MAT", "chapter": 1, "verse": "1", "text": "The book of the generation of Jesus Christ..."}
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{"book": "MAT", "chapter": 1, "verse": "2", "text": "Abraham begat Isaac..."}
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```
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`book` uses standard 3-letter New Testament codes: `MAT MRK LUK JHN ACT ROM 1CO 2CO GAL EPH PHP COL 1TH 2TH 1TI 2TI TIT PHM HEB JAS 1PE 2PE 1JN 2JN 3JN JUD REV`.
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## Usage
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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# Load a single translation
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ds = load_dataset(
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"mrapacz/targum-corpus",
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data_files="corpora/ebible.org/eng/eng-web.jsonl",
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split="train",
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)
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print(ds[0])
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# {'book': 'MAT', 'chapter': 1, 'verse': '1', 'text': 'This is the genealogy of Jesus...'}
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# Load all English translations from one site
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ds = load_dataset(
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"mrapacz/targum-corpus",
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data_files="corpora/ebible.org/eng/*.jsonl",
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split="train",
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)
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```
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Load metadata:
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```python
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import pandas as pd
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index = pd.read_csv(
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"hf://datasets/mrapacz/targum-corpus/index.tsv",
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sep="\t",
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usecols=["translation_id", "translation_name", "iso", "canonical_year", "copyright_status"],
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)
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```
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## Source data
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Translations were scraped from 13 libraries: biblegateway.com, bible.com, biblehub.com, bible.is, ebible.org, bibles.org, bible.audio, jw.org, biblestudytools.com, bibliepolskie.pl, obohu.cz, crossbible.com, laparola.net.
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Only public domain and open-license translations are included in this release. Copyrighted translations (350 of 657 total) are excluded.
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## License
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Corpus metadata and derived annotations: [CC-BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Individual translations retain their original licenses as recorded in `index.tsv`.
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@dataset{targum2026,
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author = {Rapacz, Maciej},
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title = {Targum Corpus: A Multilingual New Testament Translation Corpus},
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year = {2026},
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url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/mrapacz/targum-corpus},
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}
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```
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