---
license: apache-2.0
task_categories:
- object-detection
language:
- en
tags:
- Multi-Object-Tracking
pretty_name: HardTracksDataset
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
---


# HardTracksDataset: A Benchmark for Robust Object Tracking under Heavy Occlusion and Challenging Conditions

[Computer Vision Lab, ETH Zurich](https://vision.ee.ethz.ch/)

![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/682088962c40f64d03c4bff7/P8z4Qtrw1-8R2IYQdnskJ.png)

## Introduction 
We introduce the HardTracksDataset (HTD), a novel multi-object tracking (MOT) benchmark specifically designed to address two critical 
limitations prevalent in existing tracking datasets. First, most current MOT benchmarks narrowly focus on restricted scenarios, such as 
pedestrian movements, dance sequences, or autonomous driving environments, thus lacking the object diversity and scenario complexity 
representative of real-world conditions. Second, datasets featuring broader vocabularies, such as, OVT-B and TAO, typically do not sufficiently emphasize challenging scenarios involving long-term occlusions, abrupt appearance changes, and significant position variations. As a consequence, the majority of tracking instances evaluated are relatively easy, obscuring trackers’ limitations on truly challenging cases. HTD addresses these gaps by curating a challenging subset of scenarios from existing datasets, explicitly combining large vocabulary diversity with severe visual challenges. By emphasizing difficult tracking scenarios, particularly long-term occlusions and substantial appearance shifts, HTD provides a focused benchmark aimed at fostering the development of more robust and reliable tracking algorithms for complex real-world situations.

## Results of state of the art trackers on HTD
<table>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th rowspan="2">Method</th>
      <th colspan="4">Validation</th>
      <th colspan="4">Test</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>TETA</th>
      <th>LocA</th>
      <th>AssocA</th>
      <th>ClsA</th>
      <th>TETA</th>
      <th>LocA</th>
      <th>AssocA</th>
      <th>ClsA</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="9"><em>Motion-based</em></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>ByteTrack</td>
      <td>34.877</td>
      <td>54.624</td>
      <td>19.085</td>
      <td>30.922</td>
      <td>37.875</td>
      <td>56.135</td>
      <td>19.464</td>
      <td>38.025</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>DeepSORT</td>
      <td>33.782</td>
      <td>57.350</td>
      <td>15.009</td>
      <td>28.987</td>
      <td>37.099</td>
      <td>58.766</td>
      <td>15.729</td>
      <td>36.803</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>OCSORT</td>
      <td>33.012</td>
      <td>57.599</td>
      <td>12.558</td>
      <td>28.880</td>
      <td>35.164</td>
      <td>59.117</td>
      <td>11.549</td>
      <td>34.825</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="9"><em>Appearance-based</em></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>MASA</td>
      <td>42.246</td>
      <td>60.260</td>
      <td>34.241</td>
      <td>32.237</td>
      <td>43.656</td>
      <td>60.125</td>
      <td>31.454</td>
      <td><strong>39.390</strong></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>OV-Track</td>
      <td>29.179</td>
      <td>47.393</td>
      <td>25.758</td>
      <td>14.385</td>
      <td>33.586</td>
      <td>51.310</td>
      <td>26.507</td>
      <td>22.941</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="9"><em>Transformer-based</em></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>OVTR</td>
      <td>26.585</td>
      <td>44.031</td>
      <td>23.724</td>
      <td>14.138</td>
      <td>29.771</td>
      <td>46.338</td>
      <td>24.974</td>
      <td>21.643</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td colspan="9"></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><strong>MASA+</strong></td>
      <td><strong>42.716</strong></td>
      <td><strong>60.364</strong></td>
      <td><strong>35.252</strong></td>
      <td><strong>32.532</strong></td>
      <td><strong>44.063</strong></td>
      <td><strong>60.319</strong></td>
      <td><strong>32.735</strong></td>
      <td>39.135</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


## Download Instructions

To download the dataset you can use the HuggingFace CLI. 
First install the HuggingFace CLI according to the official [HuggingFace documentation](https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/main/guides/cli)
and login with your HuggingFace account. Then, you can download the dataset using the following command:

```bash
huggingface-cli download mscheidl/htd --repo-type dataset --local-dir htd
```

The video folders are provided as zip files. Before usage please unzip the files. You can use the following command to unzip all files in the `data` folder.
Please note that the unzipping process can take a while (especially for _TAO.zip_)

```bash
cd htd
for z in data/*.zip; do (unzip -o -q "$z" -d data && echo "Unzipped: $z") & done; wait; echo "✅ Done"
mkdir -p data/zips        # create a folder for the zip files
mv data/*.zip data/zips/  # move the zip files to the zips folder
```


The dataset is organized in the following structure:

``` 
├── htd
    ├── data
        ├── AnimalTrack
        ├── BDD
        ├── ...
    ├── annotations
        ├── classes.txt
        ├── hard_tracks_dataset_coco_test.json
        ├── hard_tracks_dataset_coco_val.json
        ├── ...
    ├── metadata
        ├── lvis_v1_clip_a+cname.npy
        ├── lvis_v1_train_cat_info.json
```

The `data` folder contains the videos, the `annotations` folder contains the annotations in COCO (TAO) format, and the `metadata` folder contains the metadata files for running MASA+. 
If you use HTD independently, you can ignore the `metadata` folder. 


## Annotation format for HTD dataset


The annotations folder is structured as follows:

```
├── annotations
    ├── classes.txt
    ├── hard_tracks_dataset_coco_test.json
    ├── hard_tracks_dataset_coco_val.json
    ├── hard_tracks_dataset_coco.json
    ├── hard_tracks_dataset_coco_class_agnostic.json
```

Details about the annotations:
- `classes.txt`: Contains the list of classes in the dataset. Useful for Open-Vocabulary tracking.
- `hard_tracks_dataset_coco_test.json`: Contains the annotations for the test set.
- `hard_tracks_dataset_coco_val.json`: Contains the annotations for the validation set.
- `hard_tracks_dataset_coco.json`: Contains the annotations for the entire dataset.
- `hard_tracks_dataset_coco_class_agnostic.json`: Contains the annotations for the entire dataset in a class-agnostic format. This means that there is only one category namely "object" and all the objects in the dataset are assigned to this category.


The HTD dataset is annotated in COCO format. The annotations are stored in JSON files, which contain information about the images, annotations, categories, and other metadata.
The format of the annotations is as follows:

````python
{
    "images": [image],
    "videos": [video],
    "tracks": [track],
    "annotations": [annotation],
    "categories": [category]
}

image: {
    "id": int,                            # Unique ID of the image
    "video_id": int,                      # Reference to the parent video
    "file_name": str,                     # Path to the image file
    "width": int,                         # Image width in pixels
    "height": int,                        # Image height in pixels
    "frame_index": int,                   # Index of the frame within the video (starting from 0)
    "frame_id": int                       # Redundant or external frame ID (optional alignment)
    "video": str,                         # Name of the video 
    "neg_category_ids": [int],            # List of category IDs explicitly not present (optional)
    "not_exhaustive_category_ids": [int]  # Categories not exhaustively labeled in this image (optional)
        
video: {
    "id": int,                            # Unique video ID
    "name": str,                          # Human-readable or path-based name
    "width": int,                         # Frame width
    "height": int,                        # Frame height
    "neg_category_ids": [int],            # List of category IDs explicitly not present (optional)
    "not_exhaustive_category_ids": [int]  # Categories not exhaustively labeled in this video (optional)
    "frame_range": int,                   # Number of frames between annotated frames
    "metadata": dict,                     # Metadata for the video    
}
        
track: {
    "id": int,             # Unique track ID
    "category_id": int,    # Object category
    "video_id": int        # Associated video
}
        
category: {
    "id": int,            # Unique category ID
    "name": str,          # Human-readable name of the category
}
        
annotation: {
    "id": int,                    # Unique annotation ID
    "image_id": int,              # Image/frame ID
    "video_id": int,              # Video ID
    "track_id": int,              # Associated track ID
    "bbox": [x, y, w, h],         # Bounding box in absolute pixel coordinates
    "area": float,                # Area of the bounding box
    "category_id": int            # Category of the object
    "iscrowd": int,               # Crowd flag (from COCO)
    "segmentation": [],           # Polygon-based segmentation (if available)
    "instance_id": int,           # Instance index with a video
    "scale_category": str         # Scale type (e.g., 'moving-object')
}
````