query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|
Velvet is a type of woven tufted fabric in which the cut threads are very evenly distributed , with a short dense pile , giving it a distinctly smooth feel . | [
"Velvet is a type of woven tufted fabric in which the cut threads are evenly distributed , with a short dense pile , giving it a distinctive feel ."
] | [
"When cloth , especially woollen cloth , is woven , the surface of the cloth is not smooth , and this roughness is the nap . Generally the cloth is then ` sheared ' to create an even surface , and the nap is thus removed ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The effect is one-way : germ cells produce somatic cells , and more germ cells ; the germ cells are not affected by anything the somatic cells learn or any ability the body acquires during its life . Genetic information can not pass from soma to germ plasm and on to the next generation . | [
"His germ plasm theory states that multicellular organisms consist of germ cells containing heritable information , and somatic cells that carry out ordinary bodily functions ."
] | [
"She developed theories to explain the repression or expression of genetic information from one generation of maize plants to the next ."
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Eduard Strasburger , Walther Flemming , and the Belgian Edouard Van Beneden laid the basis for the cytology and cytogenetics of the 20th century . | [
"Eduard Strasburger , Walther Flemming , Heinrich von Waldeyer and the Belgian Edouard Van Beneden laid the basis for the cytology and cytogenetics of the 20th century ."
] | [
"The resulting hypotheses were an important impetus to the study of the geographical distribution of plants and animals , and indirectly spurred the emergence of biogeography in the 18th century ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The effect is one-way : germ cells produce somatic cells , and more germ cells ; the germ cells are not affected by anything the somatic cells learn or any ability the body acquires during its life . | [
"The effect is one-way : germ cells produce somatic cells and are not affected by anything the somatic cells learn or therefore any ability the body acquires during its life ."
] | [
"He also reasoned in 1902 that a cancerous tumor begins with a single cell in which the makeup of its chromosomes becomes scrambled , causing the cells to divide uncontrollably ."
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This idea , if true , rules out the inheritance of acquired characteristics as proposed by Lamarck . | [
"This idea , if true , rules out the inheritance of acquired characteristics as proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck ."
] | [
"In natural philosophy he asserted Charles Darwin 's theory of evolution unswervingly and set about to prove Darwin 's hypothesis that man arose in Africa ; he was also a devout Christian ."
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Friedrich Leopold August Weismann ( Frankfurt am Main , 17 January , 1834 â `` Freiburg , 5 November , 1914 ) was a German evolutionary biologist . | [
"Friedrich Leopold August Weismann ( Frankfurt am Main , 17 January 1834 â `` Freiburg , 5 November 1914 ) was a German evolutionary biologist ."
] | [
"Karl Ernst Adolf Anderssen ( July 6 , 1818 â `` March 13 , 1879 ) was a German chess master ."
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Weismann was one of the first biologists to deny the inheritance of acquired characters entirely . | [
"Weismann was one of the first biologists to deny soft inheritance entirely ."
] | [
"This term strongly suggests natural selection , yet as Spencer extended evolution into realms of sociology and ethics , he also made use of Lamarckism ."
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Ernst Mayr judged him to be `` one of the great biologists of all time '' . | [
"Ernst Mayr judged him to be the most important evolutionary thinker between Darwin and the evolutionary synthesis around 1930-40 , and was `` one of the great biologists of all time '' ."
] | [
"In his obituary , he was described by The Daily Telegraph as `` the most highly regarded graphic designer of his generation , and probably one of the most prolific '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Education:"
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Weismann advocated the germ plasm theory , according to which ( in a multicellular organism ) inheritance only takes place by means of the germ cellsâ '' the gametes such as egg cells and sperm cells . | [
"His main contribution was the germ plasm theory , according to which ( in a multicellular organism ) inheritance only takes place by means of the germ cellsâ '' the gametes such as egg cells and sperm cells ."
] | [
"Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life ; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction . The known methods of reproduction are broadly grouped into two main types : sexual and asexual ."
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Van Beneden discovered how chromosomes combined at meiosis , during the production of gametes . | [
"Van Beneden discovered how chromosomes combined at meiosis , during the production of gametes , and discovered and named chromatin ."
] | [
"A mature sporophyte produces spores by meiosis , a process which results in a reduction of the number of chromosomes by a half ."
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Avesnes-l à s-Bapaume is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Avesnes-l à s-Bapaume is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France ."
] | [
"Villers-Ch à cents tel is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
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The stop number is five to seven numbers : the first four are the postcode , and the others show the bus stop ( sometimes written with a space in between , eg . `` 2000 108 '' ) . | [
"The stop number is five to seven numbers : the first four are the postcode , and the others show the bus stop ( sometimes written with a space in between , e.g. `` 2000 108 '' ) ."
] | [
"All classified roads starting in the zone between the A1 and the A2 must begin with the figure 1 ( A137 , B1412 ) , etc , etc. ."
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On envelopes and postcards there are often four square boxes printed in orange ink at the bottom right for the postcode numbers . | [
"Australian envelopes and postcards often have four square boxes printed in orange at the bottom right for the postcode numbers ."
] | [
"Every note also has a seven-pointed star which has only half the printing on each side as well as an image of the Australian Coat of Arms only visible when held up to the light ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Some towns and suburbs have two postcodesâ '' one for street deliveries and one for ( post office box ) es . | [
"Some towns and suburbs have two postcodesâ '' one for street deliveries and one for post office boxes ."
] | [
"Postal regions do not necessarily follow state borders , so sorting by state is not practical ."
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Postcodes are published in small books which can be collected from your nearest post offices , or online at the Australia Post website . | [
"Postcodes are published in booklets available from post offices or online from the Australia Post website ."
] | [
"Post offices such as those in Bath , began offering the stamp unofficially after 2 May ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The White Cliffs of Dover are cliffs located in Dover , England . | [
"The White Cliffs of Dover are cliffs which form part of the British coastline facing the Strait of Dover and France ."
] | [
"Northbourne is a village near Deal in Kent , England ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The cliffs are white . | [
"The White Cliffs of Dover are cliffs which form part of the British coastline facing the Strait of Dover and France . The cliffs are part of the North Downs formation ."
] | [
"So far they had discovered only tools ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Sponde is about 2 kilometres in diameter , and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 24,253,000 km in 771.604 days , at an inclination of 154 Â to the ecliptic ( 156 Â to Jupiter 's equator ) , with an eccentricity of 0.443 . | [
"Sponde is about 2 kilometres in diameter , and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 24,253 Mm in 771.604 days , at an inclination of 154 Â to the ecliptic ( 156 Â to Jupiter 's equator ) , in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.443 ."
] | [
"The objects in the Himalia group have semi-major axes ( distances from Jupiter ) in the range of 11.15 and 11.75 Gm , inclinations between 26.6 Â and 28.3 Â , and eccentricities of between 0.11 and 0.25 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about astronomy:",
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It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2001 , and given the designation ' . | [
"It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2001 , and given the temporary designation ' ."
] | [
"7066 Nessus ( ; from ) is a centaur ( a type of icy planetoid ) that was discovered by David L. Rabinowitz , working with Spacewatch , at Kitt Peak on 26 April 1993 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Astronomy:",
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It belongs to the Pasiphaà `` group , non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at distances ranging between 22,800,000 and 24,100,000 km , and with inclinations ranging between 144.5  and 158.3  . | [
"It belongs to the Pasiphaà `` group , irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at distances ranging between 22.8 and 24.1 Gm , and with inclinations ranging between 144.5  and 158.3  ."
] | [
"Kale is about 2 kilometres in diameter , and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,409 Mm in 685.324 days , at an inclination of 165 Â to the ecliptic ( 166 Â to Jupiter 's equator ) , in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.2011 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about astronomy:",
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Kearny ( pronounced \/ kÉ ` rni \/ ) is a town in Hudson County , New Jersey , United States . | [
"Kearny is a town in Hudson County , New Jersey , United States ."
] | [
"Jackson Township , named after Andrew Jackson , is a township in Ocean County , New Jersey , United States ."
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For important decisions about the laws of a country , countries may have a supreme court or high court with many ( nine or more ) judges in it . In the United States , judges on a supreme court are called justices and are lead by a chief justice . | [
"In the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom , judges are called Justices of the Supreme Court ."
] | [
"In a mixed government , some issues ( often defined in a constitution ) are decided by the majority of the people , some other issues by few , and some other issues by a single person ( also often defined in a constitution ) ."
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Opa-locka is a city of Florida in the United States . | [
"Opa-locka is a city located in Miami-Dade County , Florida , United States ."
] | [
"Pleasant Grove is a city of Jefferson County , Alabama ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Aspremont , Alpes-Maritimes is a commune . | [
"Aspremont is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France ."
] | [
"Saint - à tienne-de-Tin à e is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Richard Neville Dobson known professionally as Ritchie Neville ( born 23 August , 1979 , in Solihull , Birmingham , England ) is an English singer . | [
"Ritchie Neville ( born Richard Neville Dobson on 23 August 1979 in Solihull , England ) is an English singer most noted for being a member of the successful boyband Five ."
] | [
"Greg `` Greggles '' Scott ( born 6 March 1969 in Macclesfield , Cheshire ) is an English television presenter ."
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Neville attended the private Bromsgrove School in Worcestershire and was taught by Mike Perry . | [
"Neville attended the private schools Bromsgrove School in Worcestershire and Solihull School in the West Midlands , where he sang in the school 's Chapel Choir ."
] | [
"He was born in London , and educated at Eton College where he became associated with William Pitt the Elder ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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An alloy has properties different from the metals it is made of . | [
"The term `` alloy '' is sometimes used in everyday speech as a synonym for a particular alloy . For example , automobile wheels made of an aluminium alloy are commonly referred to as simply `` alloy wheels '' , although in point of fact steels and most other metals in practical use are also alloys ."
] | [
"Compounds that are prepared by reaction of other compounds are referred to as `` synthetic '' . They may be either compounds that already are found in plants or animals ( semi-synthetic compounds ) , or those that do not occur naturally ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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An alloy is a uniform mixture . | [
"If there are three different types of atoms forming the mixture , such as iron , nickel and chromium , then it is called a ternary alloy . An alloy with four constituents is a quaternary alloy , while a five-part alloy is termed a quinary alloy ."
] | [
"Unlike noble gases , an inert gas is not necessarily elemental and is often a compound gas ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Rocher is a commune in the Ardà che dà partement in southern France . | [
"Rocher is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | [
"Chauzon is a commune in the Ardà che department in southern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Hiro Yamamoto ( born April 13 , 1961 ) is a bassist who was a founding member of grunge band Soundgarden , along with Kim Thayil and Chris Cornell in 1984 . | [
"Hiro Yamamoto ( born April 13 , 1961 in Seattle , Washington ) is an American bassist who was a founding member of grunge band Soundgarden , along with Kim Thayil and Chris Cornell in 1984 ."
] | [
"Scott William Raynor , Jr. ( born May 23 , 1978 ) is an American drummer best known for being a founding member of the band Blink-182 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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V for Vendetta is a ten-issue graphic comic book series written by Alan Moore and illustrated mostly by David Lloyd , set in a dystopian future United Kingdom imagined from the 1980s about the 1990s . | [
"V for Vendetta is a ten-issue dystopian graphic novel series written by Alan Moore and illustrated mostly by David Lloyd , set in a dystopian future United Kingdom imagined from the 1980s to about the 1990s ."
] | [
"The books are a fictionalised , if autobiographical , social history of rural English life in the late 19th and early 20th century and are now considered minor classics ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This category is for articles about numbers . There are multiple ways in which numbers can be grouped , such as integers , prime numbers , and real numbers . | [
"Familiar kinds of numbers include natural numbers , integers , rational numbers , real numbers , and complex numbers ."
] | [
"However , mathematicians like Poincarà and Arnold deny the existence of `` applied mathematics '' and claim that there are only `` applications of mathematics '' ; similarly , nonmathematicians blend applied mathematics and applications of mathematics . The use and development of mathematics to solve industrial pr... | SimpleWiki | {
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AECMA is the `` European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers '' . AECMA began work on simplified English . | [
"The regulated aerospace standard used to be called AECMA Simplified English , because the European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers ( AECMA ) originally created the standard in the 1980s ."
] | [
"Also , ESA is not the only European space organization ( for example European Union Satellite Centre ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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ASD is the `` AeroSpace and Defense Industries Association of Europe '' . ASD has a Maintenance Group called STEMG that continues work on simplified English . | [
"In 2005 , AECMA was subsumed by the Aerospace and Defense Industries Association of Europe ( ASD ) , which renamed its standard to ASD Simplified Technical English or STE . STE is defined by the specification ASD-STE100 , which is maintained by the Simplified Technical English Maintenance Group ( STEMG ) ."
] | [
"Also , ESA is not the only European space organization ( for example European Union Satellite Centre ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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All state elections of Bavaria were won by the CSU . | [
"The CSU currently governs with the FDP . Before the 2008 elections in Bavaria , the CSU perennially achieved absolute majorities at the state level ."
] | [
"Wulff 's candidacy for President of Germany in the 2010 presidential election was formally confirmed by Angela Merkel , Guido Westerwelle and Horst Seehofer , the heads of the CDU , FDP and CSU parties , during the evening of 2010 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He was a high-ranking member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany . He was the successor to Erich Honecker as leader of East Germany from 18 October 1989 until 3 December 1989 , for a few weeks . | [
"He succeeded Erich Honecker as leader of the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany ( SED ) and head of state in October 1989 , but was ousted just under three months later amid the collapse of the communist regime ."
] | [
"Chris Gueffroy ( June 21 , 1968 , Pasewalk , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern -- February 6 , 1989 ) was the last person to be shot while trying to escape to West Berlin across the Berlin Wall ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Egon Krenz ( born 19 March 1937 ) was a politician of the German Democratic Republic . | [
"Egon Krenz ( born 19 March 1937 ) is a former politician from East Germany ( the German Democratic Republic ) , and that country 's last Communist leader ."
] | [
"Engelbert Kraus ( born 30 July 1934 ) was a German football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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As of 2000 , the population is 58,463 . | [
"As of 2000 Census the population was 58,463 ."
] | [
"Suburban area is 99.69 square kilometers , suburban population is 35,823 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Kauai County is a county located in the U.S. state of Hawaii , and was formed on 1905 . | [
"Kauai County is a county located in the U.S. state of Hawaii ."
] | [
"Collier County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The largest glacial lake in Romania , Bucura Lake ( lacul Bucura ) is in these mountains . It covers 8.9 h and is located at an altitude of 2030 m metres . | [
"The Retezat Mountains have many glacial lakes , including the largest glacial lake in Romania , Bucura Lake ( Lacul Bucura ) , which covers 8.9 ha and is situated at an altitude of 2030 metres ."
] | [
"The volcano culminates at 1,060 metres , and its crater measures roughly 300 metres in diameter ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Retezat Mountains are one of the highest massifs in Romania . They are part of the Southern Carpathians . | [
"The Retezat Mountains are one of the highest massifs in Romania , being part of the Southern Carpathians ."
] | [
"The Little Carpathians ( also : Lesser Carpathians , ; ; ) are a low , about 100 km long , mountain range , part of the Carpathian Mountains ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The highest peak is Peleaga ( VÃ cents rful Peleaga ) , at an altitude of 2509 m. Other important peaks are PÄ puÅ a ( Varful PÄ puÅ a ) and Retezat Peak ( VÃ cents rful Retezat ) . | [
"The highest peak is Peleaga ( VÃ cents rful Peleaga ) , at an altitude of 2509 metres . Other important peaks are PÄ puÅ a ( Varful PÄ puÅ a ) and Retezat Peak ( VÃ cents rful Retezat ) ."
] | [
"BratovoeÅ ti is a commune in VÃ cents lcea County , Romania with a population of 3,693 people . It has the following constituent villages : BÄ doÅ i , BratovoeÅ ti , Georocu Mare and Prunet ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Geoffrey Burbidge ( born Chipping Norton , 24 September 1925 ; died La Jolla , California , 26 January 2010 ) was an English astrophysicist . For many years he was professor at the University of California , San Diego . | [
"Geoffrey Ronald Burbidge FRS ( 24 September 1925 â `` 26 January 2010 ) was an English astronomy professor , most recently at the University of California , San Diego ."
] | [
"Francisco Josà Ayala ( born March 12 , 1934 in Madrid , Spain ) is a Spanish American biologist and philosopher at the University of California , Irvine ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Astronomy:",
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They worked at Harvard , the University of Chicago and Cambridge University . Then Margaret got work at the California Institute of Technology , while Geoffrey worked at the Mount Wilson Observatory and Palomar Observatory . | [
"The Burbidges worked at Harvard , the University of Chicago and Cambridge University , before Margaret obtained work at the California Institute of Technology , while Geoffrey worked at the Mount Wilson Observatory and Palomar Observatory ."
] | [
"While in college he emigrated to the United States and graduated with a bachelor 's degree at Miami University , a master 's at the University of Pittsburgh , and a Ph. D. at University of Pennsylvania by age 25 ."
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In 1957 he and his wife , together with William Fowler , the American physicist , and Fred Hoyle , the British astronomer , wrote a 104-page paper about stellar nucleosynthesis . The paper became known as the B2FH ( because of their initials ) . | [
"In 1957 he and his wife were co-authors , together with William Fowler , the American physicist , and Fred Hoyle , the British astronomer , of a famous paper on stellar nucleosynthesis , which was referred to as the B2FH paper , after the initials of the surnames of the four authors ."
] | [
"Evolution : The Modern Synthesis , a 1942 book by Julian Huxley ( grandson of T.H. Huxley ) , is one of the most important books of the modern evolutionary synthesis ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He had â assistant conductorsâ , including Edo de Waart and Hans Vonk . | [
"Conductors who served in this capacity included Edo de Waart and Hans Vonk ."
] | [
"The music was written by a friend of Higley 's named Daniel E. Kelley ."
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He was especially fond of the symphonies of Anton Bruckner , and he made recordings of Bruckner 's Eighth and Ninth Symphonies for the Philips Records . | [
"One of his specialties was the symphonies of Anton Bruckner , and Van Beinum made commercial recordings with the orchestra of Bruckner 's Eighth and Ninth Symphonies for the Philips Records ."
] | [
"Walter led the first performance of Das Lied in 1911 in Munich and of the Ninth in 1912 in Vienna with the Vienna Philharmonic . Decades later , Walter and the Vienna Philharmonic ( with Mahler 's brother-in-law Arnold Rose still the concertmaster ) made the first recordings of Das Lied von der Erde in 1936 and of... | SimpleWiki | {
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Haitink said he would resign if they did that . | [
"Haitink threatened to resign in protest , and the financial situation was eventually settled . In 1999 , Haitink was named the orchestra 's Conductor Laureate ."
] | [
"Chauvin was embarrassed to receive his award and initially indicated that he may not accept it ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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From 1945 to 1959 , the orchestra 's main conductor was Eduard van Beinum , who had sometimes conducted the orchestra since 1929 . | [
"From 1945 to 1959 , the orchestra 's principal conductor was Eduard van Beinum , who had debuted with the orchestra in 1929 ."
] | [
"In 1970 , he became Kapellmeister of the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig , serving in that post until 1996 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1945 , after World War II had ended , Mengelberg was not allowed to conduct the orchestra because he had played to the Nazis . He was banned for six years from conducting them , but he died in 1951 just before the six years came to an end . | [
"Mengelberg died in 1951 just before the end of his sentence , thus never conducting the orchestra after 1945 ."
] | [
"Thus , the entire audience and orchestra stood when the king stood during the performance , initiating a tradition that has lasted more than two centuries ."
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Haitink became the only chief conductor in 1963 , and continued in this post until 1988 . | [
"Haitink became sole chief conductor in 1963 , and served in this post until 1988 ."
] | [
"In April 2002 , Masur became music director of the Orchestre National de France , and served in this post until 2008 , when he took the title of honorary music director of the ONF ."
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Bernard Haitink first conducted the Concertgebouw Orchestra on 7 November 1956 . | [
"Bernard Haitink made his debut with the Concertgebouw Orchestra on 7 November 1956 ."
] | [
"He became the Principal Conductor of the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra in 2007 ."
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In 1895 , Willem Mengelberg became chief conductor . He was to be their conductor for fifty years . | [
"In 1895 , Willem Mengelberg became chief conductor and remained in this position with the organization for fifty years , an unusually long tenure for a music director ."
] | [
"Otto Klemperer engaged him as his assistant at the Kroll Opera in Berlin ( Klemperer , lacking confidence in his own abilities , expected Borchard to critique his conducting technique ) ."
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In the December 2008 issue of Gramophone Magazine the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra was ranked as the best symphony orchestra in the world . | [
"In December 2008 , a group of top critics invited by Gramophone ranked the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra as the top symphony orchestra in the world ."
] | [
"Horowitz 's first European recording , in 1930 , was of Rachmaninoff 's Piano Concerto No. 3 with Albert Coates and the London Symphony Orchestra , the world premiere recording of that piece ."
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Haitink made many recordings with the orchestra . | [
"Bernard Haitink made his debut with the Concertgebouw Orchestra on 7 November 1956 . After van Beinum 's death , Haitink became the orchestra 's first conductor in September 1959 ."
] | [
"After World War II Szell became closely associated with the Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam , where he was a frequent guest conductor and made a number of recordings . He also regularly appeared with the London Symphony Orchestra , the Vienna Philharmonic , and at the Salzburg Festival ."
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He recorded many symphonies with them including symphonies by Mahler , Bruckner and Shostakovich . | [
"His recordings with the orchestra include a complete Mahler and Brahms symphony cycle , several of the Bruckner symphonies ."
] | [
"Rattle made his conducting debut with the Berlin Philharmonic ( BPO ) in 1987 , in a performance of Gustav Mahler 's Symphony No. 6 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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For nearly a century the orchestra were just called â Concertgebouw Orchestraâ , but in 1988 the Queen Beatrix gave them the `` Royal '' title . | [
"In 1988 , Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands conferred the `` Royal '' title upon the orchestra ."
] | [
"Joseph Willem Mengelberg ( 28 March 1871 â `` 21 March 1951 ) was a Dutch conductor , famous for his performances of Mahler and Strauss with the Concertgebouw Orchestra ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The orchestra was formed later that year and gave its first performance on 3 November 1888 under Willem Kes , who was to be their conductor for seven years . | [
"It gave its first concert in the Concertgebouw on 3 November 1888 under the principal conductor for its first seven years , Willem Kes ."
] | [
"During his years in the United States , Walter worked with many famous American orchestras , including the Chicago Symphony Orchestra , the Los Angeles Philharmonic , the NBC Symphony Orchestra , the New York Philharmonic ( where he was musical adviser from 1947 to 1949 , but declined an offer to be music director... | SimpleWiki | {
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The concert hall , called the Concertgebouw , was opened on 11 April 1888 . | [
"The Concertgebouw opened on 11 April 1888 ."
] | [
"It was first performed on 14 October 1903 ."
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Riccardo Chailly became chief conductor of the orchestra in 1985 . | [
"Riccardo Chailly made his debut with the Concertgebouw Orchestra in 1985 , and was elected that year as their next chief conductor to succeed Haitink ."
] | [
"Since 1998 Zubin Mehta served as music director of the Bavarian State Opera and Bavarian State Orchestra ."
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The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra ( in Dutch : Koninklijk Concertgebouworkest ) is an orchestra in the Netherlands . The orchestra is based in Amsterdam . | [
"The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra ( Dutch : Koninklijk Concertgebouworkest ) is a symphony orchestra of the Netherlands , based at the Concertgebouw ( concert hall ) in Amsterdam ."
] | [
"Joseph Willem Mengelberg ( 28 March 1871 â `` 21 March 1951 ) was a Dutch conductor , famous for his performances of Mahler and Strauss with the Concertgebouw Orchestra ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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During Mengelbergâ s time the â first conductorsâ included Karl Muck ( 1921-1925 ) , Pierre Monteux ( 1924-1934 ) , Bruno Walter ( 1934-1939 ) , and Eugen Jochum ( 1941-1943 ) , and the second conductors included the composer Cornelis Dopper , Evert Cornelis and Eduard van Beinum . | [
"During Mengelberg 's time as chief conductor , several of these first conductors included Karl Muck ( 1921 â `` 1925 ) , Pierre Monteux ( 1924 â `` 1934 ) , Bruno Walter ( 1934 â `` 1939 ) , and Eugen Jochum ( 1941 â `` 1943 ) . Musicians who served as `` second conductor '' included the composer Cornelis Dopper ,... | [
"During his years in the United States , Walter worked with many famous American orchestras , including the Chicago Symphony Orchestra , the Los Angeles Philharmonic , the NBC Symphony Orchestra , the New York Philharmonic ( where he was musical adviser from 1947 to 1949 , but declined an offer to be music director... | SimpleWiki | {
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Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound , with the chemical formula CaCO3 . | [
"Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3 ."
] | [
"Copper ( I ) oxide or cuprous oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Cu2O ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Calcium carbonate is usually the main cause of hard water . | [
"Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime , and is usually the principal cause of hard water ."
] | [
"Colorless or light-colored marbles are a very pure source of calcium carbonate , which is used in a wide variety of industries ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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It is used as a calcium supplement or as a treatment for antacid , but too much can be bad for your health . | [
"It is commonly used medicinally as a calcium supplement or as an antacid , but excessive consumption can be hazardous ."
] | [
"Other vitamin concentrations are low , but apple juice does contain various mineral nutrients , including boron , which may promote healthy bones ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Tom DeLonge , who played guitar , had been friends with Ann Hoppus while living in San Diego . | [
"DeVoe phoned Hoppus and Barker the following day to tell them that DeLonge had quit the band , stating : `` As of today , Tom DeLonge is no longer a member of Blink-182 . '' DeLonge subsequently changed his telephone number to avoid discussing the matter with Hoppus and Barker ."
] | [
"At that time , the line-up consisted of vocalist Adam Gontier , drummer Neil Sanderson , bassist Brad Walst , lead guitarist Phil Crowe , and secondary guitarist Joe Grant . Most of the members were attending high school when the band initially formed ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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As more and more people come to Daejeon for living , the first subway station in Daejeon was opened in 2006 . | [
"It is also the current home for the K-League football club Daejeon Citizen , and National League side Daejeon Hydro & Nuclear Power FC . Daejeon also hosts amateur football club Daejeon de la Cuba , which plays in the Super Sunday Football League ."
] | [
"Hankuk Academy of Foreign Studies or HAFS is a private boarding school located in the northern part of Yongin , South Korea ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The history of Daejeon started as a small village called Hanbat , which is a different term in Korean Language that has the same meaning as Daejeon ; a grand field . | [
"The Daejeon area was historically known as Hanbat ( í ë ) , a native Korean term for `` large field '' , during the Joseon Dynasty . The term `` Daejeon '' simply means the same thing in Hanja ."
] | [
"The name derives from `` Huayang '' , an alternate name for Sichuan ( the province where it was discovered ) , and `` saurus '' , meaning `` lizard '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The song is written by Bon Scott , Angus Young and Malcolm Young . | [
"The song was written by Bon Scott , Angus Young and Malcolm Young ."
] | [
"Tony Tabac played drums that night after joining the band two days earlier . Mason was soon made the band 's manager and Tabac was replaced on drums in June 1977 by Steve Brotherdale , who also played in the punk band Panik ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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T.N.T. is a song recorded in 1975 by the hard rock band AC\/DC from their Australian album T.N.T. and the international version of High Voltage . | [
"`` T.N.T. '' is a single recorded in 1975 by the hard rock band AC\\/DC , taken from their Australian album T.N.T. and the international version of High Voltage ."
] | [
"After the album 's release , the single for `` Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap '' was released in Australia in October 1976 , in the UK in January 1977 , and in the US in 1981 ( when the album was finally released there ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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For example , in Britain , Makaton hand-signing is mostly made from BSL ( British Sign Language ) , but the signs are used in a different order alongside the simple spoken words . | [
"For example , in the UK , Makaton uses signs from British Sign Language ( BSL ) ."
] | [
"The methodological ethos is identical , but there is a slight difference in the vocabulary , and Specialized is more international ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Mika Pauli HÃ kkinen ( born September 28 , 1968 in Helsingin maalaiskunta ) is a Finnish racing driver and two-time Formula One champion . | [
"Mika Pauli HÃ kkinen ( born 28 September 1968 in Vantaa in the Helsinki metropolitan area ) is a Finnish racing driver and two-time Formula One World Champion ."
] | [
"Tuomas Grà nman ( born March 22 , 1974 in Viitasaari , Finland ) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League and SM-Liiga ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Sports:",
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Sports:"
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The German has said himself that HÃ kkinen is the rival he respected the most during his Formula One career . | [
"Seven-time world champion and rival Michael Schumacher said HÃ kkinen is the man he respected the most during his Formula One career ."
] | [
"Before the season started , the team 's boss Franz Tost said that it would be `` difficult '' to do as well as they did in the season ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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The categorical imperative is an idea that Immanuel Kant had about ethics . An ` imperative ' is something that one must do . | [
"On this basis , Kant derives second formulation of the categorical imperative from the first ."
] | [
"It is true that the phrase `` survival of the fittest '' , in and by itself , is a tautology if fitness is defined by survival and reproduction ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Crystallography is the study of the arrangement of atoms in solids . | [
"Crystallography is the experimental science of the arrangement of atoms in solids ."
] | [
"Chemical similarity ( or molecular similarity ) refers to the similarity of chemical elements , molecules or chemical compounds with respect to either structural or functional qualities , i.e. the effect that the chemical compound has on reaction partners in anorganic or biological settings ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Crystal structure is now found by analysis of the diffraction patterns of a sample targeted by a beam of some type . | [
"Crystallographic methods now depend on the analysis of the diffraction patterns of a sample targeted by a beam of some type ."
] | [
"The amount of Rayleigh scattering that occurs for a beam of light is dependent upon the size of the particles and the wavelength of the light ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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Although many universities have their own X-ray equipment , synchrotrons are often used as X-ray sources . They produce purer and more complete patterns . | [
"Although many universities that engage in crystallographic research have their own X-ray producing equipment , synchrotrons are often used as X-ray sources , because of the purer and more complete patterns such sources can generate ."
] | [
"Compared to conventional bulky lenses , the Fresnel lens is much thinner , larger , and flatter , and captures more oblique light from a light source , thus allowing lighthouses to be visible over much greater distances ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Because of the different forms of interaction , the three types of radiation are suitable for different crystallographic studies . | [
"Because of these different forms of interaction , the three types of radiation are suitable for different crystallographic studies ."
] | [
"Modern neuroscience education and research activities can be very roughly categorized into the following major branches , based on the subject and scale of the system in examination as well as distinct experimental or curricular approaches ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Such molecules are placed in solution and allowed to crystallize over days , weeks , or months . | [
"Typically , such molecules are placed in solution and allowed to crystallize over days , weeks , or months through vapor diffusion ."
] | [
"If , as observed in most cases , a substance is more dense in the solid than in the liquid state , the melting point will increase with increases in pressure ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In spite of this , a certain amount of molecular information can be deduced from the patterns that are generated by fibers and powders . | [
"In spite of this , a certain amount of molecular information can be deduced from the patterns that are generated by fibers and powders , which while not as perfect as a solid crystal , may exhibit a degree of order ."
] | [
"For example , spatial heterogeneity is maintained , which means there will always be pockets of plants not found by herbivores ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Before the development of X-ray diffraction crystallography , the study of crystals was based on their geometry . | [
"Before the development of X-ray diffraction crystallography ( see below ) , the study of crystals was based on their geometry ."
] | [
"Much of the work in molecular biology is quantitative , and recently much work has been done at the interface of molecular biology and computer science in bioinformatics and computational biology . As of the early 2000s , the study of gene structure and function , molecular genetics , has been among the most promi... | SimpleWiki | {
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This involves measuring the angles of crystal faces , and establishing the symmetry of the crystal in question . | [
"This involves measuring the angles of crystal faces relative to theoretical reference axes ( crystallographic axes ) , and establishing the symmetry of the crystal in question ."
] | [
"The dissimilarities between the types of solid result from the differences between their bonding ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Hence crystallography applies for the most part only to crystals , or to molecules which can be got to crystallize . | [
"Hence crystallography applies for the most part only to crystals , or to molecules which can be coaxed to crystallize for the sake of measurement ."
] | [
"Obsidian is mineral-like , but not a true mineral because as a glass it is not crystalline ; in addition , its composition is too complex to comprise a single mineral ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The first crystal structure of a macromolecule was solved in 1958 The Protein Data Bank ( PDB ) is a freely accessible repository for the structures of proteins and other biological macromolecules . | [
"The first crystal structure of a macromolecule was solved in 1958 A three-dimensional model of the myoglobin molecule obtained by X-ray analysis . The Protein Data Bank ( PDB ) is a freely accessible repository for the structures of proteins and other biological macromolecules ."
] | [
"One particularly important function is to serve as the building blocks of proteins , which are linear chains of amino acids . Amino acids can be linked together in varying sequences to form a vast variety of proteins ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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Crystallography includes the symmetry patterns which can be formed by atoms in a crystal . | [
"Crystallography covers the enumeration of the symmetry patterns which can be formed by atoms in a crystal and for this reason has a relation to group theory and geometry . See symmetry group ."
] | [
"More fundamentally , it can be argued that the most crucial challenge unanswered by this theory is how the relatively simple organic building blocks polymerise and form more complex structures , interacting in consistent ways to form a protocell ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Computer programs can be used to help visualize biological molecular structures . | [
"Computer programs like RasMol or Pymol can be used to visualize biological molecular structures ."
] | [
"Because of these different forms of interaction , the three types of radiation are suitable for different crystallographic studies ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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} |
For example , the double-helical structure of DNA was deduced from an X-ray diffraction pattern that had been got from a fibrous sample . | [
"For example , the double-helical structure of DNA was deduced from an X-ray diffraction pattern that had been generated by a fibrous sample ) ."
] | [
"For instance , an LC may flow like a liquid , but its molecules may be oriented in a crystal-like way ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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It won the 2005 Dilys Award . | [
"It has formed the basis of the Showtime television series Dexter and won the 2005 Dilys Award ."
] | [
"Her first novel , A Real Basket Case , was nominated for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
Darkly Dreaming Dexter is a 2004 book written by Jeff Lindsay . It won the 2005 Dilys Award . | [
"Darkly Dreaming Dexter won the 2005 Dilys Award presented by the Independent Mystery Booksellers Association ."
] | [
"Her first novel , A Real Basket Case , was nominated for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
The television show Dexter was based on the book . | [
"Darkly Dreaming Dexter is a 2004 novel by Jeff Lindsay , the first in his series about serial killer Dexter Morgan . It has formed the basis of the Showtime television series Dexter and won the 2005 Dilys Award ."
] | [
"A 2006 film , Mischief Night , is based on events surrounding this night in Leeds , UK ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Darkly Dreaming Dexter is a 2004 book written by Jeff Lindsay . | [
"Darkly Dreaming Dexter is a 2004 novel by Jeff Lindsay , the first in his series about serial killer Dexter Morgan ."
] | [
"Fig Pudding is a young adult novel written by Ralph Fletcher , first published in 1995 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
For his work maintaining Chicago Blues Iglauer was honored `` Chicagoans-of-the-Year 2001 '' Alligator Records was founded to publish an album by Hound Dog Taylor & The HouseRockers , his favorite band . His employer , Bob Koester of Delmark Records refused to do so , therefore Iglauer decided to make his own record la... | [
"Iglauer started the label with his own savings to record and produce his favorite band Hound Dog Taylor & The HouseRockers , whom his employer , Bob Koester of Delmark Records , declined to record ."
] | [
"They also released `` One Night Stand '' before coming back to Europe to start work with their third album however , Telstar Records went into administration ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Alligator Records is an independent blues record label from Chicago , Illinois , USA . It was founded by Bruce Iglauer in 1971 . | [
"Alligator Records is a Chicago-based independent blues record label founded by Bruce Iglauer in 1971 ."
] | [
"Dew Process is an Australian independent record label based in Brisbane , Queensland founded by Paul Piticco ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
It displays a notice on the page and includes it in : Category : Lists of ambiguous human names ( a subcategory of : Category : Disambiguation ) . | [
"It displays a notice on the page and includes it in the : Category : Human name disambiguation pages , a subcategory of : Category : Disambiguation ."
] | [
"This template will categorise articles ( except this template ) into : Category : Wikipedia Office-protected pages ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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This template is designed for use on disambiguation pages which only contain links to articles for people having the same name . | [
"This template is designed for use only on disambiguation pages that contain links to articles for people having the same name ."
] | [
"A template can be used to point to a Wiktionary page from a Wikipedia article which has encyclopedic content ; for example , the code produces a pointer to the Wiktionary definition of dictionary as illustrated here . For Wikipedia articles which could only ever be dictionary definitions and keep being re-created ... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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It is similar in function to Template : Disambig which is used on general purpose disambiguation pages . | [
"It is similar in function to the template , which is used on general purpose disambiguation pages ."
] | [
"Categories and interwiki links that apply to the template itself should be added to the bottom of the \\/ doc subpage , inside tags . For more complex cases , see Template documentation # Categories and interwiki links ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Sahiwal District ( Urdu : Ø Ù Ø Ø Ø Û Û Ù Ø Ù ) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan . | [
"Sahiwal city ( Urdu : Ø Ø Û Û Ù Ø Ù ) is a city in Punjab , Pakistan ."
] | [
"Naushahro Feroze ( Sindhi : Ù Ù Ø Ù Ø Ù Ù Ù Ø Ù Ø ) , is town in Naushahro Feroze District , Sindh , Pakistan ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
The city of Sahiwal is the capital . | [
"It is the administrative center of Sahiwal District and Sahiwal Division ."
] | [
"Badin is main town of Badin District ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Walenstadt is a small city in the east of Switzerland . It is located on the Lake Walen and is divided in four part cities : Tscherlach , Berschis , Walenstadt and Walenstadtberg . | [
"The community Walenstadt is divided in five towns : Walenstadt , Walenstadtberg , Knoblisbà 1\\/4 hl , Berschis and Tscherlach ."
] | [
"The only exceptions are Unterentfelden and Eppenberg-W Ã schnau to the south , whose settlements are divided from Aarau by the expansive forests of GÃ nhard and Zelgli ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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"neg": "Represent the text:"
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Just a few weeks later Joe Grant died while working with his drawing board at the age of 96 in Glendale , California . | [
"Joe Grant died of a heart attack while working at his drawing board in his studio ."
] | [
"For several days Dudley was able to attend to his duties from his home , until he unexpectedly died on April 4 , 1925 at the age of 65 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
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