query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What is happening inside of the human body when someone is faced with something that makes them "squeamish" and causes them to pass out? | [
"When a person experiences extreme stress or emotion, it can trigger a certain part of the nervous system or a widening of the blood vessels, both decrease blood pressure. If you don’t have enough blood going to your brain, then your body auto shuts down to try to save your life. Things that may cause you to faint:... | [
"Gross things, in general, make us want to throw up because vomiting is one of the ways your body protects itself from possible exposure to contamination. Ate some rotten food? better to throw it up than to digest it and get sick. We have a visceral reaction to gross smells and sights like feces, decay, bodily flui... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
What stops websites from taking your Credit Cards? | [
"Nothing stops them from using your card, but you can see how much money went where in your banking app. If you bought a shirt for 30$, and in the app you see that 30$ went to a shirt seller and another 50$ went for something you know you didn't buy, you can call your bank to block the card and see if you can get y... | [
"All of modern Encryption. Which means your ability to make internet purchases, do online banking, send any kind of private information on the internet. Amazon, PayPal, etc"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Mathematics:"
} |
How do radio stations know how many listeners they have? | [
"They take a small sample of random people and track them using computers or survey them. I was once part of Neilson ratings. I was required to wear a device that listened for a tune from the radio or TV to indicate what I was watching."
] | [
"The ratings aren't there to judge the quality of an episode -- that's for critics and the public to decide. The purpose of the ratings is to determine how many people are watching it, and the demographics of those people, so that the networks can know how much to charge for advertising in subsequent episodes. The ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How did we get to the moon and back? | [
"> Did we send probes further and further till they failed as a means of measuring? No, we know how orbit work from measuring the trajectories of planets and other objects in space (as well as actual experimentations with man made crafts in low earth orbit). And we know, from tests on the ground how efficient our ... | [
"Because now we have the technology to do so."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
what determines whether what you eat gets used, stored or pooped out by your body? | [
"Different parts of your digestive tract break down the food into simpler nutrients, and then absorb them. Once absorbed those nutrients go into the blood stream and are then taken in by the cells that require them (for use or storage). Anything that isn’t absorbed (stuff your body can’t break down or use) comes ou... | [
"They breathe it out. Okay, so your body breaks down the molecules of the fat cells, and what remains is mostly water and carbon dioxide. You urinate the water, and exhale the carbon dioxide. The rest of the weight got transformed into energy that your body used up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does burning the product of Direct Air Capture not result in a net balance of CO2 in the air? | [
"It's not ideal. Certainly not as good as just running DAC and *not* burning the result (though I doubt that would be commercially viable). That said, it's still better than burning fossil fuels. In the case of DAC, CO2 is removed from the atmosphere (where it's a problem) and then eventually returned to the atmosp... | [
"When you burn ethanol, you get CO2 and water. CO2 is a gas, and will escape into the atmosphere. Therefore, there will be fewer atoms left on top of the scales after burning than before, so it will show less weight. Much of the water will also escape into the air as water vapour."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are there clouds in the forest? | [
"These usually happen in quite dense forests and more often near mountains or similar geographical features that will blow cold(er) air over the forests. The dense canopy acts like a greenhouse trapping a lot of moisture and heat. As some of that moisture escapes the canopy it meets with the cooler air and condense... | [
"Is this how the light in the fridge works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Meteorology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Meteorology:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
How do digital cameras focus by me just holding down one button? | [
"They analyze the data coming from the sensor and adjust the focus until they get the clearest image. When you're out of focus, the level of similarity between pixels is high, as the image comes into focus, the similarity between pixels drops. The camera adjusts the lens until it finds the point with the lowest sim... | [
"* Fixed focus for a known distance * powerful flash for high speed exposure * decent camera * Camera is automatically triggered in such a way that it knows you will be in frame because of the speed of the coaster doesn't change much. The thing that takes so long on cheap hand held cameras is all the automatic adju... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does communicating to rovers all the way in another planet work and how can we control it from so far away? | [
"NASA uses the Deep Space Network, a series of very powerful radio transcievers placed around the world. These powerful radios are spaced out around the world so that, no matter how the Earth rotates, there will always be a radio pointed the way you need it. To communicate with a Mars rover, for example, a transmis... | [
"Signals can be beamed from Earth to Mars and Mars to Earth, so getting on the internet is technically possible. The problem is that it would be very slow. Earth and Mars can be anywhere from 34 million miles to 249 million miles apart with the average distance being 140 million miles. With the average, it would ta... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science and Technology:"
} |
Why do deodorant , or any other aerosol cans , get colder the more you spray them? | [
"There was just a [really great MinutePhysics](_URL_0_) video on this exact topic"
] | [
"Because the propellant in the can usually runs out before the cream. Shaving cream cans are filled with both the cream and a pressurized propellant gas like butane. When you press the button the propellant forces the cream through the nozzle and aerates it, making it light and foamy. When the propellant starts to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do TV stations know how many viewers they have for their ratings? Isn't it just a signal that is being wirelessly broadcasted? | [
"an expert will give better insight. but short answer: They dont.. it was all survey/research based. ( [_URL_1_](_URL_0_) ) it was done to the best of capabilities all over world. sometimes automatic . sometimes manual. it would be seen at what times what channel is being watched. and a calculated figure was attai... | [
"TV ratings are determined by Neilson. Neilson is a company that finds people willing to install a device in their TV that monitors what they're watching. They try to make sure that the group of people with the devices in their TV is large enough and diverse enough that a statistical analysis of the group with the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do people pass away from natural causes at such an early age? | [
"Could you clarify what you mean by natural causes?"
] | [
"It doesn't. People aren't programmed to drop dead at a certain time. People die because of organ failure, disease, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
It seems like we only cure pork into ham, but we don't treat any other meat the same way. Why? | [
"Beef jerky is basically dry cured beef. Fish is often spoken and in northern countries also salt cured or dry cured."
] | [
"Because it's seafood. Seafood does not last for long, and if you want to eat some tuna in Nebraska, you'll have to accept the current systems that we have for keeping it fresh enough to eat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does getting a massage make you feel good? | [
"A few reasons. Firstly because massage relaxes the muscles, reduces discomfort/ pain (by pain gating mechanism through the spine), promotes blood flow and helps to strengthen the muscles and joints. It's beneficial effects also include endorphin release in the brain, which is similar to morphine (= relaxation, wel... | [
"Your brain is telling your body to get something off of itself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is there an explanation/reason that the human mind has an easier time remembering negative emotions and events rather than the positive ones? | [
"I had a professor explain to me that evolutionarily speaking it makes more sense to remember negative experiences than positive ones. Negative experiences leave a more lasting affect on the brain so we remember to avoid those situations, people, dangerous places etc."
] | [
"I don't think this can be answered with our knowledge today. However, there are some theories that the understanding of a language is very useful for the brain to store and catalog memory for more precise recall later on. Without it, our memories are more of a hazy feeling of the emotions and things we saw. Heard... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What is the noise someone “hears” when they have tinnitus? | [
"I have tinnitus. The easiest way to describe it is a very high pitches “eeeee.” Think movies where someone survives an explosion, or those mosquito noise apps on your phone."
] | [
"have you been going to loud rock concerts or doing loud construction or something? you have damaged hearing. it's called tinnitus"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Health:"
} |
Why does orange juice from concentrate taste so different? | [
"OJ from concentrate is mostly sugar, sometimes with pulp. It’s concentrated by cooking it down (much of the time) and a lot of flavors are lost that way. This is counter acted by adding in some orange oil or other flavorants naturally found in oranges. Unfortunately, they are usually missing flavors and are not al... | [
"Apple juice is filtered, it would be cloudy otherwise although not as cloudy as orange juice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Food and Beverage:"
} |
How do we decide what is "up" and what is "down" in space? How do we decide the orientation of something, is it arbitrary or do we decide it relative to something else? | [
"There's no objectively correct orientation in space. Images of the earth are usually aligned so Earth North is up, but that's because it would look wierd if it weren't. I suppose you would orient yourself to the orbital plane of the objects you're seeing. So if you're looking at a model of the solar system, most t... | [
"There's no such thing as \"upside down\" in space, or more specifically in microgravity. Upside down is relative to gravity - if you head is pointing to the direction of gravity, you are upside down."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do clouds have balls and stuff on the top but look completely flat on the bottom? | [
"The sky is made up of various layers and currents of air with differences in density. A cloud is water vapor that 'floats' on a layer of high density air, the bottom is flat because it gets pressed against this underlying layer by the weight of all the vapor on top."
] | [
"Look at the moon high in the sky. Now spin in a circle; you can make it look whatever orientation you want! You can make it whatever orientation you like depending on where you are on the surface of the planet or moon. Try not to kick yourself too hard."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Meteorology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Meteorology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the research done at high energy particle accelerators important for mankind? | [
"Particle accelerators help scientists understand how the physical world works. Theoretical physicists can construct models of quantum mechanics and particle physics, but without experimental equipment like particle accelerators, they're flying blind. High level physics is how we get the super high density computi... | [
"You should cross-post to r/askscience for a better answer, but the short version is we're not 100% sure. It's one of the key discoveries that would help us vastly improve our understanding of the world, and one of the reasons we build massive research facilities like CERN"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what is the difference between introverts and lack of social skills | [
"Introverts are not necessarily antisocial/lack social skills. Being introverted means that you get “charged” so to speak by being alone, while extroverts feel energized by being with others. Some introverts are outgoing and some extroverts are shy. Social skills are more like how you interact/read social cues/navi... | [
"I think you mean \"factors affecting students' academic performance\" right? Behavior is different than performance so the word behavior is kinda throwing me off. In the scientific world behavior is like: animal behavior under stress. Mating behavior. Territorial or aggressive behavior. Behavior is what physical t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
- Why, after rubbing your eyes, it takes a few seconds for your vision to return but not when you hold them closed? | [
"If you rub too hard, you can disrupt the tear film that covers your eyes. Your eyes work the best when there is a uniform coating of tears over it. When the film gets displaced by rubbing, things will look blurry until you blink a few times to restore the tear film. People with dry eye have a hard time restoring t... | [
"I believe the alcohol affect your the area of you brain responsible for vision which affects your eyes ability to properly focus. While you might be trying to look at something near to you, your eyes may be focusing on something far away and vice-versa. It has happened to me on a few occasions. I'll be looking at... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is behind bodily reactions to sickness? | [
"> It sometimes seems to me that the runny noses, headaches and fevers we get when we have a cold or something are completely arbitrary. Nope. Runny nose helps to flush out the germs. Headache is part of the inflammation response to infection. > What does the body hope to accomplish by turning up the heat Most ba... | [
"Could it be that it resembles the feeling of the womb? Purely biological."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do animals sometimes just stare at nothing? | [
"When an herbivore \"stares at nothing\", they are typically watching a broad swathe of territory, attempting to register any motion within that field. When a carnivore stares, it is usually because motion has already occurred and they are attempting to isolate the source."
] | [
"Why do you stare at your dog when it's taking a shit?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Animal behavior:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Animal behavior:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Animal behavior:"
} |
Why is liquid nitrogen cold and is it possible to make it warm? | [
"Let's take water as an example here for a moment. Water is a liquid at room temperature, but if you heat it up it becomes a gas that we call steam. If you make water cold it becomes a solid which we call ice. These changes in state occur because of temperature. Nitrogen gas undergoes the same changes in state as w... | [
"Both of them are colder than your body temperature, and water is a better conductor of heat than air. Or in other words, it's better able to take body heat away from you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
The Grand Unified Theory of Physics | [
"Classical Newtonian physics ( the behavior of big things and forces acting on them) does not work well with Quantum Dynamics ( the behavior of atomic particles). The Grande Unifying Theory of physics is a still ongoing effort to find where these two theories of physics agree with each other basically to find what ... | [
"The Art of War in the Western World - Archer Jones"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Education:"
} |
How can the tides of one place have a difference of one or two feet, while in some places the tide difference is nearly forty feet? | [
"If there was no land at all to get in the way, the change in tides would be highest at the equator and basically zero at the poles, but when you have continents getting in the way of a planet scale wave that wants to follow the moon around, the inertia of the water, and restrictions to flow, have a huge impact."
] | [
"> when neither the wind, temperature, or seafloor has changed in that period of time? You sure about that? The waves near the shore can be influenced by wind and temperatures mile out to sea. A slight change 20 miles away means the difference between you waves hitting or missing a reef. And while the sea floor doe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can't we see the dark side of the moon from the Earth? | [
"Didn't you just ask this question? Anyway: We can only see the *near* side of the moon. The *far* side is what we can't see. The reason for this is that the moon rotates around its axis at the same rate it rotates around the earth, so that the same side of the moon is always facing earth. This is not a coincidence... | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do bug bites slightly swell up and become extremely itchy? | [
"Histamines, which are a chemical released by your immune system, flood the area and increase blood flow. It’s the histamine that’s making your skin itch, which is why you take anti-histamines to tell your immune system to calm down basically"
] | [
"I am by no means an expert, nor do I have sources - this is just conjecture so take it with a grain of salt and I welcome anyone to correct me. From what I understand, the reaction to a mosquito bite is more or less an allergic reaction. By scratching it, you are irritating it further, causing greater... Well, inf... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What is the cause of the 11-year long sunspot cycle of the Sun and how does it work? | [
"The inner part of the sun spins faster than the outer part. Think of it like if you were twisting some Taffy . Well it gets twisted an twisted more and more at which point the poles flip. And it takes about 11 years for that twisting to flip the poles. That's what I remember from my college astronomy class"
] | [
"The existence of the moon does affect the earth in many ways. However the presence of a shadow on the moon does not."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does defusing a bomb work? | [
"Bombs aren't that complicated IRL. They are composed of: * power (to set off the detonator) * switch (to send power to the detonator) * detonator (to set off the explosive) * explosive Typically, to \"defuse\" a bomb, you can simply remove the detonator (or its ability to detonate) from the explosive. I movies, th... | [
"What does the Pope handle on a day to day basis?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why are certain things found in nature like silver, copper, or wood considered to the antibacterial and what gives them this property? | [
"It is called the oligodynamic effect when heavy metals kill bacteria by basically disrupting the biological processes going on in the cells - _URL_0_"
] | [
"Soap contains agents which will chemically dissolve dirt from your skin. However it will not directly attack cells. There are a few ways to make antibacterial soap. Firstly is to add poisonous chemicals like for example high levels of alcohols. This will kill anything and not specifically bacteria however the oute... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
What is intermittent fasting? I've been seeing posts describing they lost a ton of weight by doing it, can anyone explain? | [
"Losing weight comes down mostly to calories and physical activity. With Intermittent Fasting, you basically eat only during an 8 hours window each day. Basically this will automatically restrict the amount of calories to can eat by limiting WHEN you eat, thus making you lose weight, unless somehow you're still ove... | [
"It isn't, really. A lot of people are of the notion that eating breakfast kickstarts your metabolism for the rest of the day, but that has been shown to be untrue. One of the new diet trends is intermittent fasting, which typically involves skipping breakfast. It takes a few weeks to get used to, but I've seen no ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do our muscles shake violently when you lift weights or something very heavy? | [
"Your body uses charged atoms of some elements, also known as mineral ions or more popularly, electrolytes, to send the signal for your muscles to contract or relax, and your muscles use other mineral ions to actually contract and relax. Heavy use of the muscle can temporarilly use up the ions in those muscles cell... | [
"You used muscles you do not normally use to a degree you do not normally use them and you stressed those muscles. It is the exact same thing as happens when you work out and are sore afterwards."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
In 3D engines, why do spherical objects get split into polygons instead of being defined as spheres? | [
"It's inherently easy and fast for a graphics card to draw 3D triangles; this is the basic unit of 3D graphics. The math for spheres is much slower."
] | [
"Calculating per vertex intersection is expensive. A model is made up of vertex points. A position in 3D space. Drawing lines between these points creates a model. To calculate if a vertex intersects another vertex is expensive (in CPU terms) especially if you have to do it 30 times per second or more. So to get ar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is it that during a storm, power always seems to flicker or go off. Why? | [
"Well storms are associated with lightning, and high winds, both of which can cause power outages. Trees being felled causing lines to short out, lines swinging violently enough can potentially short out, lighting strikes causing surges, blowing transformers, they're all things that would cause the power to flicke... | [
"In a brownout, there's not enough power to maintain normal usage levels, but it's not completely off. You generally see things like flickering / dimming lights, reduced power to buildings, surge protectors going nuts, that sort of thing. In a blackout, the power goes completely dead. E: Wow, that was unexpected, b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why are so many cities in the United States so close to state borders? | [
"Because many state borders are set by rivers, and a river makes an excellent place to locate a city. In the case of San Diego, the border was placed artificially after the Mexican-American War, specifically to include San Diego Bay in the winning (USA) side's territory."
] | [
"Most of the world is quite different from LA."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
I see people on my Snapchat opening shipped packages of weed and pills and stuff and was wondering how they even get away with it like how aren’t they caught? | [
"Only a small percentage of mail is actually thoroughly searched when it comes into the country. Shipping drugs is a *really* bad idea though, because the penalties for moving drugs across borders are severe."
] | [
"It needs to be proven in a court of law that you knew you were recieving drugs in the mail. The police have the power to arrest someone on reasonable suspicion a much lower standard then what is needed to find you guilty in court. Its pretty reasonable that if you got drugs in the mail you knew they were coming si... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do sigfigs work? | [
"What is the MSRP of a 2019 Toyota Camry? * If I said $20,000, that could mean it could cost $15,000.00 and I just rounded up. Or it could cost $24,999.99 and I rounded down. * If I said $24,000, that could mean it cost between $23,500.00 and $24,499.99 This goes on until you reach the actual MSRP of the car, whic... | [
"Hexadecimal codes (a method of counting in base 16). Don't really know what they might represent in said forums. User ID perhaps?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do mood rings work? | [
"A mood ring is merely a fashionable liquid crystal thermometer. The color or change of color is related to the body temperature or change in body temperature in the wearer’s finger."
] | [
"If magnets are magic, is gravity magic too? Fundamental forces, yo. They run the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does wood not melt? | [
"Wood oxidizes before it can melt. The heat causes the break down of various components of the wood into stuff like charcoal, carbon dioxide and water, which destroys the physical form of the wood well before it could melt."
] | [
"There is a heating element on the bottom that can cause some plastics to melt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How can one feel someone staring at them? | [
"Its not. Numerous studies have been done on this and its shown people are about as accurate as flipping a coin. You just forget the times you were wrong because it doesn't matter."
] | [
"I always watch their mouth instead. I find it awkward to look someone right in the eye when talking with them, feel like I'm staring."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why doesn’t a dogs hair fall out during chemotherapy? | [
"Pet chemotherapy does not use the same high dosage as in people. Pets with aggressive cancer often only will live months to 1-2 years (with a few exceptions, notably low grade B-cell lymphoma that respond well to treatment), so the expectation is not usually a cure/remission, but to provide as long quality of life... | [
"Why do they randomly twitch just once? I dunno. Why do you get a twitch that won't go away? Potassium deficiency. I used to get eye twitches all the time before I figured it out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why is every sunset different? | [
"This is simply because of the natural variations in the density or types of particles in the air."
] | [
"What if you want a printed version of what was said?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why are DDoS attacks still effective? Why isnt there an effective countermeasure? | [
"DoS was first demonstrated 20 years ago. DDoS came about because there were relatively simple guards to raise the shields against DoS. DDoS attacks while comparitively massive, can be held back, but it’s much harder and much, much more expensive. Edit: never answered the “why”. Reason is that it it difficult to q... | [
"They do, its just that there are a lot more Windows PCs out there. The entire purpose of a Virus on a computer is to cause as much trouble as you can before anti-virus updates and eliminates it. Ergo, if you want to cause as much trouble as you can, you write it for windows, not OSX or Linux. There are plenty of e... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does the charge of one atom determine how many atoms there are of another element in a molecule? | [
"It doesn't, it determines what a stable molecule would contain. The 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 of oxegen have to all already exist and react together to form the new molecule."
] | [
"You can take pure oxygen and pure hydrogen and combine them to form water. By measuring how much oxygen or how much hydrogen is left over after all the water is formed, you can deduce the proportions that were used to make the water. When we do this, we can tell that two parts of hydrogen are used for every one pa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Chemistry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Chemistry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do they measure the efficiency of a weather man? Are certain weather men "better" than the others just because they predicted the weather correctly more times? | [
"There can be a big difference between the \"weatherman\" you see on TV and a *meteorologist* that is responsible for creating forecasts. Generally speaking modern forecasts are very accurate, but can be easily misunderstood by people. For instance if a forecast is 50% chance of rain, that doesn't necessarily mea... | [
"It means that on others days in the past that had the same conditions as today, (such as temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, etc,) it rained on about half of them, and on the other half of those days it didn't rain. So because we can only predict future events based on the past, the best ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about weather:"
} |
Why VR games need way more power than other games? | [
"> the googles moves could be a simple mouse move, right? That isn't at all where the difficulty lies in computer games. Controlling the camera is dirt simple, the problem is figuring out the image to display for the camera position. Running the simulation of the game world, calculating how all the objects look fro... | [
"Game Developers have tried to make games realistic, but it turns out that doing so makes the game significantly less fun to play. So game developers nudge a lot of things away from reality to make them more fun. About the only place games are realistic these days are the gun models."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is speed of internet connection generally described in megabits/second whereas the size of a file is in megabytes/second? Is it purely for ISPs to make their offered connection seem faster than it actually is to the average internet user? | [
"_URL_0_ > it is because the internet delivers those bytes of data as single bits at a time. And because those bits sometimes come out of order and from different server locations, it’s both more accurate and more intuitive to measure speed as a factor of the number of bits per second that an internet connection i... | [
"Your connection is capable of a high speed, such as the one reported in the speed test, but that does not guarantee that other services will always provide that speed. Could be Steam is slow or some service provider between you and Steam is slow. If a lot of users are hitting one service, it may slow down to accom... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Internet speed and service:"
} |
How do animals avoid getting dehydrated when they hibernate? | [
"Good question. Some species that hibernate aren‘t sleeping for months straight but sometimes wake up for a short time, there they are theoratically able to drink. But more important is, that hibarnating animals have reduced temperature, metabolism and so on. When you metabolize fat water is created, for many hiber... | [
"The same reason you sweat: it cools you off. Cold water helps keep our body temperatures where they should be when you're overheated and dehydrated."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If Digestion Takes 6-8 Hours How Do People Experience Diarhea Symptoms in Hours? | [
"Diarrhea happens precisely because digestion *hasn't* happened yet. Yes, normally it takes hours for food to make its way through your stomach and intestines to slowly absorb water and nutrients, but diarrhea is bypassing all that. Your gut has a ton of nerves, and when it senses something is amiss for any reason,... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Would there still be a sonic boom if what ever was traveling beyond the speed of sound made no noise? | [
"The sound of a sonic boom comes solely from the object breaking through the sound barrier. A bullet does the same thing, which is why a silencer doesn’t actually silence the whole thing. The bullet is still going to break through the sound barrier, and make a cracking sound. Any object that accelerates through the... | [
"Sound is just vibrational energy, when an object exceeds the speed of sound it compresses the sound waves emitted causing a Sonic Boom. The larger the object, the more air is displaced meaning more energy and a bigger boom, though I'm sure a smaller object such as a missile can still shatter windows with its Sonic... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is the point of sister cities/twin cities? | [
"They support each other to develop areas they have in common. Similar to sister sports teams. For example the English Premier League wanted to see US professional soccer more developed so they established sister teams. In Colorado the Colorado Rapids sister team is the Arsenal Football Club. The Arsenal sponsored ... | [
"In which region? Or are you looking for global statistics on literacy?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
the definition of gaslighting | [
"I’m probably simplifying a bit too much, but essentially it’s when you manipulate someone by making them question their own reality. They might be certain of what they saw/heard/sensed/knew, but by gaslighting them, you’re confusing them to the point where they aren’t sure what’s real or true anymore. It often occ... | [
"what are the two meanings you think it has?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why would game companies like Xbox or others discontinue things like guitar hero and connect? | [
"Because they lost popularity so it wasn't cost effective to continue supporting/making new versions of it. They're in the business to make money."
] | [
"Online play killed it. Game designers didn't think that enough people were playing split screen to justify making it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
In the US, when shipping commercially from the mainland to a U.S. territory (e.g. Guam, Puerto Rico, American Samoa), it's treated as if it is heading to a foreign country. Why? | [
"FedEX and UPS treat shipments to U.S. territories as international because it's expensive to ship and they can collect more money that way. It's their internal system. They are not at all required to do any of that, and the USPS does not. Commercial shipments to Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands from the stat... | [
"You don't if the item you're buying was made in the USA (or Mexico as well, I think). In that case you only have to pay sales tax. But it the item was made in, say, China, then full duties and taxes apply unless you meet one of various exemptions (e.g. shipping an item worth less than $20, shipping gifts less tha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is it possible that ALL world economies are “in debt” simultaneously, and to whom are they indebted? | [
"Short answer? Their own people. Basically, national debt works a bit differently to personal debt, but the short of it is that governments can issue IOUs to whomever will take them, in the form of bonds. These can be issued to individuals, financial institutions, other countries, and sometimes itself (for instance... | [
"To China specifically? No. Owing money to China is no different from the US government owing money to me for money I've lent to it. The US government owes about $1.25 trillion to China and about $6.2 trillion to foreign sources overall. It doesn't really offer China any influence over the US. Can debt overall effe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How and why dust is formed | [
"There’s no “why”, dust is mostly made up of dead skin cells that flake off your skin constantly as they’re being renewed. Because they are dry and dead and very light, they float around until they settle or until enough of them stick together to become heavy enough to drop. If you thoroughly clean a room, let the ... | [
"It's all based on the facts of what kind of light the produce and how they interact with objects around them"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:"
} |
- Why does skin repair on your face when you get a scab, but not when you get acne? | [
"Oh, it’s *trying* to heal. But acne isn’t one owie a year, it scabs over and it’s done... acne is an ongoing process where every goddamn time an individual wound starts healing, something else causes yet another wound (often in the same place). Some pores do make it to the scab stage and return to normal eventuall... | [
"You're ripping off a tiny bit of flesh every time you touch it with anything. With a canker sore, the tender skin is exposed and there's no protective layer covering it. Same reason why rubbing your skin most of the time doesn't hurt but it hurts like hell when you fall and scrape your knee... you scraped off the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do railway tracks have stones around? | [
"The stones are called Track ballast. They are there so water can drain away from the track and doesn't cover it. They are also hard for plants to grow on, so you don't have to clear bushes from them as often."
] | [
"Emphasis on \"derail\". When they leave the rails, they hit whatever is in the way: people, buildings, cars, other trains."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do divers manage not to sink even though they carry a heavy iron tank? | [
"Divers wear a backpack ([BCD](_URL_0_)) which the tank attaches to. The BCD contains an internal baloon that can be inflated or deflated to control the diver's buoyancy. The human body's natural buoyancy, along with the added buoyancy from the wetsuit, actually require divers to wear belts strapped with lead weigh... | [
"A lot of the bits do float, but you have to remember that there are metal rivets and such in the wood that would make it sink; not to mention the payload of the ship is almost always very heavy"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how does the US post office know I’m using a real stamp and not just a fake stamp? | [
"In reality, stamps are too cheal for post offices to really care. But there are measures in plase. For example, stamps are printed on a material that ismt just paper, so a low quality counterfit might get caught. Also, many stamps are printed with a substance that reacts to a sertant spectrum of light. In the end ... | [
"My understanding is that it's possible, but making the special inks, paper, and the little strip inside the bills is more expensive than it's worth. If you have a mostly-workable forgery, why add all the extras?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Sampling Rate and Bit Depth for Audio | [
"Think about a video. It's really just a bunch of still images being shown to you in rapid succession. The faster those images are shown, the smoother the resulting video. In videos, it's called framerate. In digital audio, the data is presented as a series of \"sounds\" that are recorded or presented in rapid succ... | [
"MR is Memory Recall MC is Memory Clear M+ is Memory add M- is Memory subtract Think of them like the Copy and Paste for the Calculator."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is steam so effective at removing wrinkles on your clothes when ironing? | [
"When fibers become moist, they gain flexibility. As they lose moisture, they lose flexibility. Steam is the most efficient way of moisturising fibers. As you moisturise the fibers, then you straighten them out, then you dry the fibers, you give them a new shape."
] | [
"It is better at freeing up oils. Imagine trying to wash butter off a plate using cold water. If you tried it with hot water, it would melt right off. The same goes for oils in your hands and your clothes. The oils can trap bacteria, which is why washing with warm water and soap is important."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do people make money by predicting when stocks are going to drop? How can you benefit from an expected drop if you don’t have any shares beforehand? | [
"You borrow shares from someone else by the promise of returning them within a given timeframe. You then sell your borrowed shares at the current value and rebuy shares from the same stock after the, hopefully, predicted drop has occured for a cheaper price which you then proceed to refund to the original sharehold... | [
"Well you have the right idea to buy cheap. The issue comes when the market is very unstable. Are you willing to risk buying stocks and instantly losing a large chunk of the investment? When you buy stocks you really need to know all the latest details and news about the company you are buying shares from. I just ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What is CPR doing to revive someone? | [
"Nothing. Not a single, solitary thing. CPR is a misnomer; there is no rescuscitative component to it. The one and only thing CPR is meant to do is serve as a stopgap way to manually circulate blood and maintain brain function until someone else can get there and start more advanced procedures."
] | [
"Because it is worth a lot of money to the government!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
what’s an offshore account? | [
"Offshore means not-in-the-country, or international. Generally, however, an offshore bank account is an account in a country that allows you to keep your banking confidential and protected from your own government. Usually as a means to keep the money secret so as not to pay taxes in your country or for hiding dir... | [
"whats a \"high street\" bank? is this a special kind of bank or what?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do anti-tank weapons kill tank crews after penetrating armor? | [
"Anti-armor explosives have shaped charges that use explosives to force a concave piece of metal (like copper) into a molten jet of metal that pierces the armor. Once through, it is still molten and moving supersonically, introducing hot metal, plasma and a concussive, expanding shockwave to the interior. Soft, squ... | [
"A few reasons: 1) muzzle velocity. The theoretical speed of a projectile is much greater, providing better range, accuracy, and penetration. 2) projectile size and cost. Using EMF to launch a projectile instead of gunpowder dramatically shrinks the inventory of firing charges and shells you need to keep on a ship.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If the vacuum of space is a thermal insulator, how does the ISS dissipate heat? | [
"Vacuum insulates against *conduction*. It does not insulate against *radiation*; in fact radiant heat travels better through vacuum than through anything else."
] | [
"Remember cold is just the absence of heat. Space doesn't cool matter down, but if you were in space with nothing to warm you your body would radiate heat through electromagnetic radiation, which doesn't need a medium. There is matter in space, it's just so sparse that it doesn't transfer or spread heat the way it... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Do zebras have black skin with white stripes, or white skin with black stripes, or neither? Explain please | [
"Zebras are black with white stripes, although the striping is so ingrained that the distinction is essentially arbitrary. We only know they're black because of embryological studies that proved black was their \"default\" and the white parts (where pigmentation is inhibited) are determined later on."
] | [
"Here are a few ways to tell the two apart: 1. When butterflies land on something, their wings will be up vertically; moth wings will be flat horizontally 2. Butterflies are usually active during the day, while moths are more active at night There are some exceptions to this rule, but for the most part it works"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why womwn after menopause tend to gain quite a bit of weight,even if they change nothing about their diet? | [
"Because they have started to produce less estrogen. Estrogen is itself a steroid hormone, and it readily gets converted into other steroid hormones like testosterone, so high estrogen levels are generally associated with higher metabolic rates. When the estrogen level dramatically drops for menopause, the overall ... | [
"> Is it possible to be healthily overweight this is a tough question because of how we usually decide whats \"overweight\". If you have a lot of muscle you will technically be overweight, but will still be \"healthy\". The simplest answer is that excess fat will put unneeded stress on someones bodies cutting life ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do they come up with names for new medical conditions? | [
"Many are named after the doctor who first documented it or first documented in depth like doctor John Langdon Down whose work lead to the Down Syndrome being named after him. Others syndromes and diseases get named after patients who have them. Some are merely known for what they do like AIDS. In the past diseases... | [
"You can't cure the sickness, but you can treat the symptoms. That's all these medicines are doing. It provides some relief."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do the bags under your eyes get more pronounced with lack of sleep? | [
"If it concerns you, a temporary ...fix, is Preparation H. I’m told it’s been used in Hollywood for decades"
] | [
"Sounds like dehydration. It can do a lot of fucked up stuff to you. Headaches for sure. Do you breathe from your mouth when you sleep? The combination of both could probably dry out your throat quite a bit overnight overnight. Maybe look into a humidifier as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do adults have very thick bones but apparently bone growth stops around 18? | [
"Bones never stop growing thicker. The only thing that stops around age 18 is the lengthening of bones. In your long bones, like the ones in your arms and legs, there are regions near the end called ephysial plates. These are areas where new bone is being laid down, lengthening the bone. But those stop working arou... | [
"The latent amount of energy decreases with age. It takes a significant decreases in puberty then increases again around 18-21 then slowly decreases again over time"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How Do Pain Medications Know Where To Go? | [
"AFAIK every pain is registered in your brain, so all the pain killers need to go to the brain. They block the \"pain calls\""
] | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How does music of dead/retired musicians get remastered? | [
"If you have individual vocal and instrument audio tracks from the original recording, you can process them separately with more modern technology. Suppose one of the tracks was noisy or had limited sound quality due to the technology at the time. You could replace the track or filter out the noise. You could make ... | [
"They made good music and were killed before they could make shitty music that would ruin their reputations"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
where do protons and electrons come from? | [
"Primitive particles created out of the energy released at the Big Bang. By about one second after that event, it's believed most of the protons we have today were already formed."
] | [
"You pull apart an ionic compound with electricity where the ones with negative charges go to the positive side and the ones with positive charges go to the negative side. There they get rid of their charges and return to their elemental form. As eli5 as I could express is ;)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's the difference between suntan lotion, sunscreen, and sunblock? | [
"Suntan lotion, as its name suggests, is for tanning. It only blocks enough UV light to prevent sun burns, but enough to get a more tan complexion with enough sun exposure. & #x200B; Sun screen is a more casual protection. It blocks more UV light than suntan lotion, but is a light enough formula that it doesn't al... | [
"The main reason is that some people want to get tan, but also want to use sunscreen. So they use a very low SPF and think they're getting the best of both worlds. Different people do have different vulnerabilities to UV. Super white people may burn with anything less than SPF 50, but a dark skinned person can use ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What’s the difference between shampoo, body wash and facial soap. | [
"Different ingredients to do different things. Face soap usually had an anti acne/blackhead ingredient. Getting that on your junk would burn. Shampoo can be used as body wash. Body wash should not be used as a shampoo because it doesn't have the right stuff to strip mineral build up from hair. They do make All In O... | [
"Try using soap or body wash on your hair, it will make it dry, rough, and damaged. So, actually, don't do that. Using shampoo on your skin can cause it to become slimy because of the extra ingredients. In addition, they have a different pH level. Shampoo is more acidic. When you use body wash as shampoo, it will s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does imposing sanctions on another country actually do? Is it a powerful slap on the wrist, or does it mean a lot more than that? | [
"Most of the time it is a sanction on trading, and are specific. E.g. You can't buy corn from us, or my people aren't allowed to import cars from you. It massively effects the economy of the country on which the sanctions were imposed IF the country imposing them is a large consumer. So, lets say France is a huge ... | [
"Because they are an economic and military superpower. They are also a sovereign state. Traditionally when a state is out of line, other economic superpowers would impose sanctions that hurt the state economically. China is so ingrained in the world economy that we can't really do that. Now, if they started genoc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does snot change color from clear to yellow or brown when you are sick? | [
"Yeah it's just excretions from the battle going on. From what I remember, yellow is dying white blood cells, green is bacteria, brown is usually blood that's been up there awhile? Color change is good for when you're sick it means stuff is happening."
] | [
"It's basically snot. Your eyes are actually connected to your sinuses, so mucus from your nasal cavity can come through your test ducts. Also the reason you get a runny nose when you cry. The eye crust helps clear dirt from your eyes while you sleep. Just keep clearing it away like you do. It's not dissimilar to b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Health and Physiology:"
} |
What is the difference between program and a script? | [
"Scripts always remain in plain text, and is interpreted as it's ran. This means if you give someone a script, you're pretty much giving them the source code. Programs are compiled when you are finished writing them, and are ran as bytecode. If you give someone a compiled program, it cannot easily be turned back in... | [
"Your question doesn't quite make sense. Are you referring to something specific? What makes you think that a computer is built for a specific programming language?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If there are areas of space where there are only a few particles per entire cubic meters, what’s between the particles? Is it really just nothing? | [
"With normal physics, yes nothing. Empty space. No particles. But with quantum physics, \"nothing isn't nothing anymore\". Empty space has mass and empty space has energy. Wtf is it? We don't know...yet _URL_0_"
] | [
"Because there's not enough matter to fill it. For instance, water is 10^25 times as dense as the galaxy. Matter also tends to clump together because of gravity. But if this didn't happen, space would still be a really good vacuum."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Before modern technology such as GPS navigation, how did pilots know their way? | [
"By using a map, compass (heading indicator), air speed indicator and a stop watch. You find your position on the map by using landmarks, note your heading and speed then use the stop watch to keep track of how far you’ve traveled (distance =speed x time) then repeat. Also the rout would be planned out and segmente... | [
"The landing areas were well planned and they had a navigation computer to help them. They memorized the features of the area they were supposed to land in as a visual aid. Once they landed, the radio dishes on Earth could confirm that they were in the correct location."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does overheating makes computer performance lower ? | [
"Because the the frequency the operate at get reduced so the do not get even warmer and result in permanent damage. You can build a system that operate at full speed until it get so hot so the parts get fried and you have permanent damage and a lot of CPU:s in the past did that. The option is to slow down so less ... | [
"No it won't destroy it. It will either barely run or not at all. Your PC has built in safety features to stop it overheating etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is Gluten? And how do people develop a Gluten sensitivity? | [
"Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When cooking it acts as a glue, holding everything together. It’s the main reason why bread is soft and chewy. Since oats are grown near wheat, most oats also have some gluten in them due to cross-contamination. Gluten sensitivity is also known as Celiacs diseas... | [
"Do you have Diabetes? There is also something called Maple Syrup urine disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does humidity percentage stand for? | [
"Zero percent humidity means that there is no water in the air at all. So there are no water molecules anywhere in the air. 100% humidity means that the air contains as much water as it can possibly hold in the current conditions. If you get more then 100% humidity then you get fog and dew, possibly even rain or sn... | [
"Humidity. When it's a higher humidity. The air contains more moisture. Our bodies sweat to combat heat. Sweat evaporates. It's easier to evaporate in low humidity because the air is willing to take in more water. When water in the air is high. Sweating no longer helps us because the air can't talk in as much moist... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do some street names in the Midwest look like geographic coordinates? Eg streets like East 450 West etc. | [
"It's a grid system. Those numbers indicate mileage and direction. The number is how many miles (if you imagine a decimal point two digits to the left of the end of the number) north or south or east or west of the center of the county the road is. Thus, 100 N is one mile north of the base road and runs east and we... | [
"The easiest way to explain this is to just [point you to a map](_URL_0_) > Does everyone just memorise the street numbers and addresses The numbers are not aliases for street names. They *ARE* the street names. With a few exceptions (some of the big Avenues, especially, also have names, so that 4th Avenue is also... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
The economics of the mini strip mall. Just about every one has a cleaners, a phone repair, a burrito place, a nail salon and a mattress store. A typical person might eat a burrito every week but only buy a mattress every decade. How do they all do comparable business? | [
"Some businesses do low volume but at an amazingly high profit margin per unit. For example, a mattress store might make $400 on an average sale, so if they sell 2 a day they are ok."
] | [
"Most restaurants are the equivalent of a mid-to-low wage job for its owners. And you don't need to profit that much to reach that level. Along with these, you also have restaurants that are just a hobby for its owners (think a bar owned by someone that made money in finance). And you also have a good chuck of naiv... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can the universe expand if it's already infinite? | [
"Some infinities are big enough to contain infinitely more infinities within them. There's an infinitely infinite amount of room. Anyway, the universe expands, and everything gets farther apart. The further apart any two parts of the universe are from each other, the faster they grow further apart from each other. ... | [
"No - because there is no \"centre\" of the universe. The universe didn't start at a single point. It started everywhere. And everywhere in the universe is getting further away from everywhere else."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Did life on Earth begin only once? Can different forms of life born frequently but get killed by modern microorganisms because they had an headstart? | [
"It is absolutely possible in theory. However, we have found no evidence that it happened. As far as we can tell, all the life that's ever been on Earth is related."
] | [
"Evolution is dependent on the pre-conditions and the current pressures on life. After the extinction of the dinosaurs, both were changed. A number of animals survived (including our mammal ancestors), and all of those were competing for the same niches the dinosaurs had filled. The world was also a different plac... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is it important for websites to verify that you're not a robot? | [
"Spam bots are a common method of malicious online robot. They spam message boards or other internet sites with repeated advertisements (at best, more malicious things at worst). they also participate in phishing scams (where they try to steal your password/information). Those verification steps help cut down on ... | [
"They have to verify that you are who you are in order to give you access or information about your account. Who knows where you're actually getting transferred to. Could be down the hall or across the country. It's safer to verify your information every time than to just assume and possibly give out personal infor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
when do soccer games actually end? | [
"Unlike other sports, the time is not stopped whenever there is a pause in the game (e.g. when there is a fault). Extra time is given to compensate this. Sometimes the referee may give a bit more time if something happens during the extra time. Also, usually the referees don't end the game when a team is on the of... | [
"People dont like when one team is always winning. In college football its Alabama. In pro its the Patriots."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what happens to deleted items on a computer? Where does all that data go? | [
"It is marked as deleted by the operating system, and is then considered free space. It will be overwritten by other data later. Which is why if you want to undelete something you need to do it quickly."
] | [
"The recycling bin is basically a folder in your computer that files end up in when you do a normal delete on them. Other than that there isn't much special about it. When you \"empty\" your recycling bin you're having the computer actually delete the files, which gives you more space on your harddrive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are muscles and ligaments "glued" to the bones? | [
"To a large part with structures of bone and gelatine, which is a protein. Incidentally gelatine from livestock and horses was actually used as an actual glue in the past. It's also used to make jello. If you make really, really thick jello you can use that as a glue if you apply it before it sets (but don't put fl... | [
"There are a lot of ligaments, muscles and tissue holding/keeping them in place. The only 'empty' cavities in our body are in the digestive system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How big is the Library of Babel website? | [
"Its not so big. Its generated each time you search. Its contain a mathematical formula to create directions. Ps: vsauce make an explanation on YouTube."
] | [
"What if you want a printed version of what was said?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is it that most of the time, animals tend to just ignore documentary crew? Do they usually ignore humans or does the crew somehow establish that they aren’t a threat? | [
"Sometimes the crew that films the animals film far away. Like, REALLY far away. It may not seem like it, but when using stabilizers or gimbals on a camera that allows tens of times of zoom without losing quality, it does look like that they aren't filming far but they indeed are. Sometimes the crew might film 200-... | [
"There is some selection and confirmation bias here. You see the funny video where the cat chases away the bear, you don't see the one where it becomes dinner. Predators aren't built to fight, they are built to eat, and when their food doesn't act like food, it can be confusing to them and they might decide not to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are Teslas and other cars with touch screen computers able to sit in the sun without overheating, but smartphones can't? | [
"Nah these responses are too complex still here's the best one: Car designed like that, phone not"
] | [
"Running electricity through anything creates heat. All chargers create heat. Because wireless power is mysterious people like to play up the death ray idea and pretend it was like bursting into flame or something, but phones have a ton of very delicate requirements and things like thermal cycling of a few degrees ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
what is the difference between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning | [
"Which way you go in the reasoning. Induction is to deduce possible future facts from an initial sample. For example, if I give 1,2,3 you may give me 4 after. Deduction goes in the other way, that is, from a consequence deduce the initial facts, if you go in a room and someone is death in the floor stabbed and a an... | [
"Yes. Employ deductive reasoning and employ logic. Or use inductive reasoning and provide evidence to support a thesis."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do speakers replicate sound? | [
"When you drop a stone in calm water, ripples spread from the point it entered the water, and when something makes a sound, similar waves spread through the air, you just can't see them. If you put a microphone near the sound source, these waves will vibrate the diaphragm in the microphone, which is attached to a m... | [
"You are changing the volume of your mouth which changes the echo characteristics."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
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