clean_data.csv

sent_text,label
"The inner ear structures, including semicircular canal, vestibule and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
The vestibular aqueduct is not enlarged.,0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canal, vestibule and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"COMPARISON: [**Date**]  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
"The inner ear structures, including semicircular canal, vestibule and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canal, vestibule and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The middle ear structures, including the ossicles are normal.",0
The mastoid air cell complex is clear.,0
"The inner ear structures, including the cochlea, semicircular canals and internal auditory canals are unremarkable.",0
The external canal is clear and the tympanic membrane is normal.,0
The middle ear is clear and the ossicles are intact.,0
The ossicles are intact.,0
The tympanic membrane is unremarkable.,0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"On the left side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
The mastoid air cells are well-pneumatized and clear.,0
The visualized mastoid air cells and middle ear cavities are clear.,0
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
The semicircular canals are normal.,0
The vestibulo-cochlear nerves are identified.,0
The vestibulo-cochlear nerves are seen and appear normal.,0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
The mastoid air cells are clear.,0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals and vestibule are otherwise unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, and vestibule are unremarkable.",0
The scutum is intact.,0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
The scutum bilaterally are intact.,0
There is no evidence of ossicular erosion or changes to the scutum.,0
"The malleus appears to be slightly elevated, however, the ossicular  relationship appears intact.",0
The ossicles and the scutum appear intact.,0
There is no evidence of bony erosion of the ossicles or the scutum.,0
The external canal and tympanic membrane are unremarkable.,0
A normal malleus and incus was identified bilaterally.,0
No evidence of erosion in the incus and malleus.,0
A normal malleus and incus was identified bilaterally.,0
The malleus and incus appear grossly normal.,0
The incus and malleus are grossly intact.,0
The EAC is patent.,0
"The EAC is patent though there is some soft tissue thickening of the wall, slightly more than the prior exam and there is also some soft tissue medially in the canal.",0
LEFT EAR FINDINGS:  The EAC is patent.,0
"The stapes is present, inserting into the oval window.",0
The external canal is clear and the tympanic membrane is non-thickened.,0
"FINDINGS:  Inferior to the facial nerve in the region of the oval window, there is a tiny soft tissue mass abutting the footplate of the stapes without evidence of dehiscence.",0
The stapes appears normal.,0
The incus and malleus are intact bilaterally.,0
The external canal is normal in size.,0
The malleus and incus are otherwise intact.,0
The bone and cartilaginous components of the external canal are normal.,0
The left external canal is normal without masses or obstruction.,0
The head of the malleus is present.,0
The stapes and the incus appear grossly normal.,0
"Minimal soft tissue stranding is present in the right middle ear, otherwise the EAC and the middle ears appear within normal limits.",0
"IAC, EAC are also normal.",0
"The stapes is in fairly normal position, adjacent to the oval window.",0
The stapes is grossly unremarkable.,0
"The semicircular canal, vestibule, and internal auditory canal on the left are unremarkable.",0
"The cochlea, vestibular aqueducts and vestibules are normal in appearance and configuration bilaterally.",0
The tympanic membrane is thickened.,1
The tympanic membrane is now thickened.,1
The right vestibule is enlarged compared to the contralateral vestibule.,1
The right vestibule is enlarged.,1
"Bilaterally, the ossicles within the attic are lying in an abnormal position , more horizontal, relative to the scutum.",1
The cochlea is again noted to be hypoplastic.,1
The left cochlea is also hypoplastic.,1
The tympanic membrane appears minimally thickened.,1
The lateral semicircular canal is not formed and the proximal portion is bulbous.,1
The vestibule is enlarged.,1
Bilateral enlarged vestibules.,1
"The vestibular aqueducts of the temporal bones, bilaterally, appear enlarged on the axial T2 images.",1
"Bilaterally enlarged vestibular aqueducts, see comments.",1
"The right internal auditory canal is severely hypoplastic, but is patent.",1
The internal auditory canal is slightly hypoplastic.,1
The vestibular aqueduct is enlarged.,1
IMPRESSION:  Enlarged left vestibular aqueduct.,1
As previously seen the right mastoid air cells are under pneumatized.,1
The mastoid air cells are clear; the left mastoid air cells are underpneumatized but unchanged.,1
"On the right side, the vestibular aqueduct is enlarged, measuring 2.5 mm.",1
"There is underpneumatization of the mastoid air cells, more prominent on the right side.",1
The external auditory canal is atretic as well as the tympanic membrane.,1
The external auditory canal is atretic as well as the tympanic membrane.,1
"Small, malformed left pinna with atresia of the left external auditory canal and non-visualization of tympanic membrane.",1
"There is abnormal signal and enhancement in the left mastoid air cells, possibly related to the previously reported left cholesteatoma.",1
"Abnormal signal intensity in the left mastoid air cells, as described.",1
The cochlea is mildly dysplastic with incomplete partition of middle and apical turn.,1
IMPRESSION:  Mild dysplasia of the cochlea bilaterally.,1
The right incus and malleus are dysplastic and probably fused.,1
There is atresia of the right external auditory canal.,1
"The middle ear ossicles appear hypoplastic, and there is questionable fusion between the malleus and incus.",1
There is abnormal configuration of the vestibules (common cavity) and semicircular canals which are abnormally dilated.,1
The ossicles are abnormal on the right with abnormal globular shape and positioning.,1
"The ossicles are again noted to be abnormally shaped and have abnormal relationships to each other, worse than the right side findings.",1
The semicircular canals are present but appear slightly widened.,1
The ossicles are markedly dysplastic with a single hook-shaped ossicle possibly representing a fusion of  the incus and head of the malleus or representing a dysmorphic incus with malleus separately fused to the wall of the tympanic cavity.,1
The ossicles appear abnormal in orientation with apparent fusion of the malleus and incus to each other as well as with the wall of middle ear cavity.,1
The scutum is thickened.,1
"The inner ear structures, including the lateral semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are dysplastic bilaterally.",1
The superior and posterior semicircular canals are hypoplastic.,1
"The middle ear cavity is clear, however the study is notable for abnormal malleus, as the head is smaller, and the long process appears to be absent.",1
"Normal tympanic membranes is not seen on the right and is absent on the left, and the left malleus is abnormal in morphology and orientation.",1
The scutum is thickened and elongated and the tympanic membrane is small.,1
The scutum is at least partially absent.,1
"Atresia of the right external auditory canal and slight distortion of the right ossicular chain, especially the malleus and incus.",1
The handle and the long process of the incus is markedly hypoplastic if not absent.,1
"In addition, the orientation of the malleus and visualized portion of the incus is abnormal.",1
Right-sided external canal narrowing and bony narrowing of the medial portion of the external canal with an abnormally oriented tympanic membrane and an abnormal ossicular chain.,1
"Imaging of the temporal bones on the right reveals narrowing of the external canal to the level of the  tmypanic membrane, where there is apparent bony narrowing.",1
"The middle ear ossicles on the right, particularly the orientation of the head of the malleus to the body of the incus, are abnormal.",1
"IMPRESSION:  Atresia of right external auditory canal with slightly malformed malleus and a slightly more anterior course of the descending segment of the facial nerve, as above.",1
Congenital left-sided bony atresia of the external canal and middle ear with an abnormal TMJ on the left.,1
"Imaging of the left temporal bone reveals a complete bony atresia of the external canal and an atretic, small middle ear cavity.",1
The malleus and incus are fused and malformed with abnormal positioning.,1
"IMPRESSION: Dysplastic appearing left incus and malleus, abnormal articulation between the incus and the malleus and absent stapes on the left.",1
The stapes is thickened.,1
"In the left ear, the external canal is clear with a mildly thickened and retracted tympanic membrane.",1
"Absent left middle ear ossicles, thinning of the tegmen tympani and severe erosion of the left scutum, unchanged.",1
"Bilaterally, the stapes is not identified in the region of the oval fossa and there is abnormal orientation of the long process of the incus.",1
The distance between the ossicles and scutum is widened.,1
The medial bony floor of the EAC which normally shows focal thinning appears slightly thinner than on the left side.,1
Because of the EAC atresia the tympanic membrane is absent and consequently the handle of the malleus is foreshortened and thickened.,1
"COMPARISON:  None  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
"There is linear appearing density anteriorly along the tympanic membrane, of uncertain etiology.",1
Linear appearing density anteriorly along the right tympanic membrane of uncertain etiology.,1
"COMPARISON: MRI [**Date**]  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
There is abnormal orientation of the incus.,1
The stapes is not definitely seen.,1
The malleus is grossly normal.,0
The semicircular canals and vestibule are unremarkable.,0
The semicircular canals and vestibule are unremarkable.,0
The cochlear aperture is not seen.,0
There is a normal number of turns within the cochlea.,0
Again seen is severe narrowing of the internal auditory canal.,1
Marked narrowing of the right internal auditory canal.,1
No right cochlear aperture seen.,1
Abnormal orientation of the incus with no stapes seen bilaterally.,1
Abnormal orientation of the incus with no stapes seen bilaterally.,1
"Mastoid air cells, middle ear cavities and visualized paranasal sinuses are patent.",0
"The middle ear cavities, mastoid air cells, and paranasal sinuses are clear.",0
The tympanic membrane is mildly thickened.,1
"On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
Small internal auditory canals bilaterally.,1
"The cochlear nerves are present bilaterally, however, the precise evaluation of nerve size is limited, given artifact from motion.",0
The facial and vestibulo-cochlear nerves are seen and appear normal.,0
LEFT:  The internal auditory canal and cochlear aperture are both mildly asymmetrically smaller in comparison to the right side.,1
LEFT:  The internal auditory canal and cochlear aperture are both mildly asymmetrically smaller in comparison to the right side.,1
The left cochlear nerve is not discretely visualized at the expected position within the internal auditory canal.,1
The left cochlear nerve is not discretely visualized at the expected position within the internal auditory canal.,1
The facial nerve and superior/inferior vestibular nerves appear normal in position.,0
IMPRESSION:  Absence of the left cochlear nerve.,1
The mastoid air cells and middle ear cavities are clear.,0
A normal appearing right stapes is not visualized; an area mineralization in the region of the oval window does not demonstrate a normal relation to the oval window.,1
The malleus and incus are intact.,0
The malleus and incus are intact.,0
The left mastoid air cells are well-pneumatized and clear.,0
The right mastoid air cells are slightly under-pneumatized and there is mild sclerosis.,1
Nonvisualization of normal stapes on the right.,1
"This may represent the result of prior trauma (given the history), less likely a congenital stapes deformity.",1
"The visualized portions of the orbits, middle ear cavities, mastoid air cells, and paranasal sinuses are grossly unremarkable.",0
"CLINICAL INDICATION:  6-year-old female with sensorineural hearing loss on the left, evaluate for malformation or cochlear nerve aplasia.",0
The vestibular nerve is seen and appears normal.,0
The cochlear nerve is not clearly visualized.,1
"IMPRESSION:  Nonvisualization of the left cochlear nerve, compatible with aplasia or severe hypoplasia.",1
The vestibules remain bulbous and dysplastic bilaterally with distended orifices of the lateral semicircular canals with associated truncation.,1
The vestibules remain bulbous and dysplastic bilaterally with distended orifices of the lateral semicircular canals with associated truncation.,1
The cochlea are likely normal with possible under septation of the apical turns.,0
The vestibular aqueducts are not enlarged.,0
Bilateral dysplastic vestibules and lateral semicircular canals.,1
Bilateral dysplastic vestibules and lateral semicircular canals.,1
Normal vestibular aqueducts.,0
"The mastoid air cells, middle ear cavities, and visualized portions of the paranasal sinuses are clear.",0
The right cochlea appears dysmorphic with increased bone density and thickening of the modiolus and hypoplasia of the cochlear nerve fosette with adjacent thickened/irregular bone.,1
IMPRESSION:  Dysmorphic right cochlea with thickened modiolus and hypoplasia of the cochlear nerve fosette with adjacent thickened/irregular bone.,1
"COMPARISON:  None  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal appears patent.",0
The internal auditory canal is narrowed.,1
Cranial nerve VII and superior/inferior vestibular nerves are identified.,0
The left cochlear nerve is not seen.,1
IMPRESSION:  Narrowed left IAC with absent left cochlear nerve.,1
The left mastoid air cells and the middle ear cavities are aerated.,0
The dehiscence versus marked thinning is located in the lateral aspect of the posterior wall of the right mastoid sinus.,1
"Thinning, demineralilzation and focal dehiscence of the posterior wall of the right mastoid, concerning for spread of infection from adjacent mastoiditis.",1
"On the right, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
"COMPARISON:  MRI [**Date**]  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is atretic.",1
The middle ear and mastoid air cells are hypoplastic.,1
The ossicles are dysplastic and malpositioned.,1
The stapes is displaced inferiorly and fused to the floor of the middle ear.,1
The facial nerve descends too far anteriorly in the coronal plane at the level of the basal turn of the cochlea with anterior displacement of the descending portion of the facial nerve through the atresia plate.,0
The tympanic membrane is not seen.,1
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the endolymphatic sac region and vestibular aqueduct are enlarged, measuring 5mm.",1
The external auditory canal is patent.,0
The cochlea appears globular and the bony spiral lamina is not well seen.,1
"The inner ear structures, including semicircular canal, vestibule and cochlea are otherwise unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including semicircular canal, vestibule and cochlea are otherwise unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including semicircular canal, vestibule and cochlea are otherwise unremarkable.",0
"On the left side, the endolymphatic sac region and vestibular aqueduct are enlarged, measuring 5mm.",1
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canal, vestibule and cochlea are otherwise unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canal, vestibule and cochlea are otherwise unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canal, vestibule and cochlea are otherwise unremarkable.",0
"IMPRESSION:  Bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueducts and endolymphatic sac regions with globular cochleae, as detailed.",1
The tympanic membrane is otherwise unremarkable.,0
There is a small amount of soft tissue within the epitympanum just lateral to the ossicles within Prussak's space.,1
The right mastoid air cells are clear.,0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
The mastoid air cells are well-pneumatized.,0
"COMPARISON:  None  FINDINGS: On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
There is slight dysmorphic appearance of the cochlea with incomplete septation and a slightly prominent vestibule and proximal superior semicircular canal.,1
There is slight dysmorphic appearance of the cochlea with incomplete septation and a slightly prominent vestibule and proximal superior semicircular canal.,1
There is slight dysmorphic appearance of the cochlea with incomplete septation and a slightly prominent vestibule and proximal superior semicircular canal.,1
There is slight dysmorphic appearance of the cochlea with a slightly prominent vestibule and proximal semicircular canal.,1
There is slight dysmorphic appearance of the cochlea with a slightly prominent vestibule and proximal semicircular canal.,1
There is slight dysmorphic appearance of the cochlea with a slightly prominent vestibule and proximal semicircular canal.,1
IMPRESSION:  Slight prominence of the vestibules and proximal superior semicircular canals as well as slightly dysplastic appearance of the cochlea bilaterally.,1
IMPRESSION:  Slight prominence of the vestibules and proximal superior semicircular canals as well as slightly dysplastic appearance of the cochlea bilaterally.,1
IMPRESSION:  Slight prominence of the vestibules and proximal superior semicircular canals as well as slightly dysplastic appearance of the cochlea bilaterally.,1
Stable mild mucosal thickening of the paranasal sinuses and right greater than left mastoid air cells.,1
"The mastoid air cells, middle ear cavities, and paranasal sinuses are clear.",0
"There is a soft tissue mass located in the anterior, medial epitympanum and mesotympanum intimately associated with the malleolus and incus resulting in mild demineralization of the head of the malleus.",1
"There is a soft tissue mass located in the anterior, medial epitympanum and mesotympanum intimately associated with the malleolus and incus resulting in mild demineralization of the head of the malleus.",1
"The tegmen tympani, facial nerve,and lateral semicircular canal are intact.",0
"IMPRESSION:  Soft tissue mass in the anterior, medial epitympanum and mesotympanum with mild demineralization of the head of the malleus.",1
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  On both sides, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
The tympanic cavities are abnormally large.,1
The tympanic membranes are unusually horizontally oriented.,1
"The long processes of the incus anomalously articulate with what appears to be dysmorphic stapes, which are acutely bent.",1
"The long processes of the incus anomalously articulate with what appears to be dysmorphic stapes, which are acutely bent.",1
The semicircular canals are unremarkable.,0
The cochleas and vestibules are globular.,0
The cochlear nerve cannot be appreciated.,0
"There is dilated cystic appearance of the vestibule, cochlea and the proximal portion of the superior and posterior semicircular canals.",1
"There is dilated cystic appearance of the vestibule, cochlea and the proximal portion of the superior and posterior semicircular canals.",1
"There is dilated cystic appearance of the vestibule, cochlea and the proximal portion of the superior and posterior semicircular canals.",1
There is dysmorphic configuration of the lateral semicircular canal.,1
"IMPRESSION: Developmental anomaly of the right inner ear structures with cystic dilatation of the vestibule, cochlea and the proximal portion of the superior and posterior semicircular canals.",1
"IMPRESSION: Developmental anomaly of the right inner ear structures with cystic dilatation of the vestibule, cochlea and the proximal portion of the superior and posterior semicircular canals.",1
"IMPRESSION: Developmental anomaly of the right inner ear structures with cystic dilatation of the vestibule, cochlea and the proximal portion of the superior and posterior semicircular canals.",1
Suggestion of absent right cochlear nerve.,1
Minimal debris in the left external auditory canal likely represents cerumen.,1
A tiny soft tissue density is again noted in the left external auditory canal compatible with cerumen.,1
"Soft tissue debris is seen within the left external auditory canal, likely representing cerumen.",1
"The visualized paranasal sinsues, mastoid air cells and middle ear cavities are clear.",0
"Otherwise, the middle ear cavities, mastoid air cells, and paranasal sinuses are clear.",0
The paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells are clear.,0
The vestibular nerve is seen but there is absence of a cochlear component.,1
The vestibular nerve is seen but there is absence of a cochlear component.,1
"The bony bar in the right internal auditory canal is larger than normal, as on the contralateral side.",1
IMPRESSION:  Absence of the right cochlear nerve.,1
The left middle ear cavity and mastoid air cells are clear.,0
The right interal auditory canal cannot be seen.,1
T2 prolongation is seen in the right greater than left mastoid air cells.,1
"The middle ear cavities, mastoid air cells, and remainder of the paranasal sinuses are clear.",0
"In addition, axial 3D CISS through the internal auditory canals and through the orbits were obtained with coronal and sagittal reformations.",0
The vestibulo-cochlear nerves are present bilaterally.,0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibules, and cochlea are grossly unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibules, and cochlea are grossly unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibules, and cochlea are grossly unremarkable.",0
There is partial ossification the mastoid air cells bilaterally.,1
Unremarkable optic nerves and vestibulo-cochlear nerves.,0
"Dose length product (recorded by the scanner based on adult modeling): 211 mGy-cm  COMPARISON: MRI of the temporal bones of [**Date**]  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent with a small amount of debris or cerumen.",1
The tympanic membrane is slightly thickened relative to the left.,1
There is no erosion of the adjacent scutum.,0
"IMPRESSION:  Bilateral myringotomy tubes in place, minimal right tympanic membrane thickening, compared to the left.",1
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS: On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
The middle ear cavities and the mastoid air cells are clear.,0
"The lateral semicircular canal is not well seen on the TSE T2 images but appears unremarkable on CISS and HASTE images, so this is likely artifactual.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are otherwise unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are otherwise unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are otherwise unremarkable.",0
That lateral semicircular canals are maldeveloped on both sides.,1
The vestibulo-cochlear nerves are seen and appear unremarkable.,0
Maldevelopment of the lateral semicircular canals on either side.,1
The cochlear nerves are present bilaterally.,0
The middle ear cavity and mastoid air cells are clear.,0
The mastoid air cells are well pneumatized and clear.,0
The included portions of the mastoid air cells and middle ears are clear.,0
"The mastoid air cells, middle ear cavities and paranasal sinuses are clear.",0
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  There is apparent focal enlargement of the mastoid portion of the descending facial nerve canals bilaterally, with the left slightly larger than the right.",1
"IMPRESSION:  Focal apparent enlargement of the mastoid portion of the descending facial nerve canals bilaterally, with the  right slightly larger than the left.",1
Resolution of previously seen mastoid disease.,0
"FINDINGS: On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals and vestibule are unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals and vestibule are unremarkable.",0
The cochlea is hypoplatic in appearance and lacks the normal 2 [**Date**] turns.,1
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals and  vestibule are unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals and  vestibule are unremarkable.",0
"The mastoid air cells are under-pneumatized bilaterally, particularly on the right.",1
"Sclerosis and under-pneumatization of the mastoid air cells bilaterallly, worse on the right.",1
Bilateral dysplastic cochlea.,1
Bilateral enlargement of vestibular aqueducts.,1
"END OF IMPRESSION  CPT CODE: 70480/76375  MRI BRAIN, WITHOUT CONTRAST: MR ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE BRAIN, WITHOUT CONTRAST: MRI TEMPORAL BONES, WITHOUT CONTRAST:  CLINICAL INDICATION: Hearing loss, cochlear dysplasia, carotid and vertebral calcifications  TECHNIQUE: All sequences were performed on a 3 Tesla system.",1
The vestibulo-cochlear nerves appear to be present.,0
The semicircular canals and vestibule are grossly unremarkable.,0
The semicircular canals and vestibule are grossly unremarkable.,0
The cochlea is small and contains an incomplete number of turns.,1
The internal auditory canal is somewhat vertically oriented.,1
The vestibulo-cochlear nerves  appear to be present.,0
There appears to be a dysplastic basal turn of the cochlea.,1
Abnormalities of the inner ears bilaterally including cochlear dysplasia and vestibular aqueduct enlargement as detailed.,1
Abnormalities of the inner ears bilaterally including cochlear dysplasia and vestibular aqueduct enlargement as detailed.,1
COMPARISON:  None  FINDINGS:  The internal auditory canals are very small on both sides.,1
"There is suggestion of thin 8th cranial nerves exiting the brainstem, however, the presence of cochlear nerves is difficult to establish.",1
"The semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea appear unremarkable.",0
"The semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea appear unremarkable.",0
"The semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea appear unremarkable.",0
"The vestibular aqueducts are slightly prominent, bilaterally, which is also uncertain significance and.",1
"IMPRESSION:  Small internal auditory canals, bilaterally, with poor visualization of the cochlear nerves, as detailed above.",1
"IMPRESSION:  Small internal auditory canals, bilaterally, with poor visualization of the cochlear nerves, as detailed above.",1
"Slight prominence of the vestibular aqueducts, of uncertain significance.",1
"On each side, there is a separate, superiorly located canal in the petrous temporal bone, extending from the cerebellopontine angle medially to join the stenotic IAC in its most lateral portion near the cochlea, and which appear to carry the facial nerves on each side.",0
"COMPARISON: CT temporal bones [**Date**], as well as MRI temporal bones [**Date**] [**Date**]  FINDINGS:  There is no significant change when compared to the prior CT and MRI examinations  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
The left mastoid air cells are clear.,0
"COMPARISON: MR Brain dated [**Date**]  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
"The ossicles appear intact, and no definite erosion is seen.",0
The tympanic membrane is minimally thickened.,1
"However, it is noted that the bony septa of the right mastoid air cells appear grossly intact.",0
The left mastoid air cells and middle ear remain clear.,0
The external auditory canals are clear bilaterally.,0
"The inner ear structures appear normal, including the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea.",0
"The inner ear structures appear normal, including the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea.",0
"The inner ear structures appear normal, including the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea.",0
"Although osseous integrity of the skull base cannot be assured by MRI, it is noted that the mastoid air cell bony septae appear grossly intact.",0
"The middle ear cavities, mastoid air cells, and other paranasal sinuses are clear.",0
The vestibular nerves are seen and appear normal.,0
"Absent left sided cochlear nerve with no abnormality of the semicircular canals, vestibule or cochlea.",0
"Absent left sided cochlear nerve with no abnormality of the semicircular canals, vestibule or cochlea.",0
"Absent left sided cochlear nerve with no abnormality of the semicircular canals, vestibule or cochlea.",0
IMPRESSION:  Bilateral enlargement of vestibular aqueducts.,1
There is bony atresia of both external auditory canals.,1
Atresia of bony external auditory canals.,1
"The bilateral inner ears look somewhat dysplastic, with poor identification of the lateral semicircular canals bilaterally.",1
The mastoid air cells are well aerated bilaterally.,0
The mastoid air cells and middle ear cavities are clear .,0
The visualized portions of the mastoid air cells and middle ear cavities are clear .,0
Additionally the head of the malleus appears to be adherent to this tissue.,1
On one slice the anterior aspect of the head of the malleus points toward this tissue.,1
"Also, there is absence of air between the anterior portion of the malleus and the anterior portion of the scutum.",1
"Also, there is absence of air between the anterior portion of the malleus and the anterior portion of the scutum.",1
Otherwise the ossicles appear normal.,0
IMPRESSION:  Probable adhesion of the anterior aspect of the head of the left malleus to the anterior wall of the attic and anterior portion of the scutum.,1
IMPRESSION:  Probable adhesion of the anterior aspect of the head of the left malleus to the anterior wall of the attic and anterior portion of the scutum.,1
"COMPARISON:  None  FINDINGS:  On the left side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
The semicircular canals and cochlea are unremarkable.,0
The semicircular canals and cochlea are unremarkable.,0
There is slight prominence of the vestibule.,1
Normal appearance of cochlear nerves.,0
"The internal auditory canal is very small, compared to the left.",1
It courses toward the internal auditory canal but is not definitely identifiable within.,0
"IMPRESSION:  Severe hypoplasia of the right vestibulocochlear nerve, with a very diminutive left internal auditory canal.",1
"END OF IMPRESSION:  Addendum # 1 by [**Name**] 12:31 PM  It was mentioned in error in the first point of the impression about the left internal auditory canal being diminutive, instead of the right.",1
The left internal auditory canal is normal.,0
"The impression should read as - ""Severe hypoplasia of the right vestibulo-cochlear nerve, with a diminutive right internal auditory canal.",1
"The impression should read as - ""Severe hypoplasia of the right vestibulo-cochlear nerve, with a diminutive right internal auditory canal.",1
"The right vestibular aqueduct approximates the size of the right posterior semicircular canal, and is top-normal to mildly prominent ion size.",0
"Top normal to mildly prominent right vestibular aqueduct, which approximates the size of the right posterior semicircular canal.",0
"Top normal to mildly prominent right vestibular aqueduct, which approximates the size of the right posterior semicircular canal.",0
"The left temporal bone appears to be split into two components, with an anterior component comprising of the ossicles and part of the middle ear cavity and a posterior component with inner ear structures.",1
"The left temporal bone appears to be split into two components, with an anterior component comprising of the ossicles and part of the middle ear cavity and a posterior component with the inner ear structures.",1
No clear left internal auditory canal is visualized.,1
The mastoid air cells are clear on the left.,0
IMPRESSION:  Enlargement of bilateral vestibular aqueducts.,1
Mild narrowing of the left external auditory canal.,1
The internal auditory canal is narrow.,1
The cochlear nerve is small.,1
"The internal auditory canal is narrow, and the cochlear nerve is small; these findings are somewhat less pronounced than on the right.",1
"The internal auditory canal is narrow, and the cochlear nerve is small; these findings are somewhat less pronounced than on the right.",1
The cochlea is somewhat dysmorphic.,1
The semicircular canals appear normal.,0
"Bilaterally small cochlear nerves and internal auditory canals, worse on the right.",1
"Bilaterally small cochlear nerves and internal auditory canals, worse on the right.",1
Dysmorphic left cochlea.,1
"Otherwise, the external auditory canals are patent.",0
The tympanic membrane is thickened bilaterally.,1
The ossicles are intact bilaterally.,0
The vestibulo-cochlear nerves  are seen and appear normal.,0
The vestibular nerve appear normal.,0
IMPRESSION:  The left cochlear nerve appears smaller than the right.,1
"The right semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The right semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The right semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The vestibular aqueduct is seen on the right, but not enlarged.",0
"The left inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The left inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The left inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
The vestibular aqueduct on the left is not seen.,1
Normal appearance of facial and vestibulocochlear nerves within the internal auditory canals bilaterally.,0
The right vestibular aqueduct is visualized and is within normal range in size.,0
The left vestibular aqueduct is not visualized.,1
The external auditory canal remains patent.,0
The tympanic membrane is normal.,0
"The inner ear structures, including semicircular canal, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including semicircular canal, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including semicircular canal, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
The ossicles themselves are intact.,0
"COMPARISON:  CT temporal bones [**Date**]  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
The left mastoid air cells are well pneumatized.,0
The middle ear cavities and mastoid air cells are clear.,0
"Incidental note is made of a vascular structure, likely representing a branch of the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery, insinuating into the right internal auditory canal.",1
"Both internal auditory canals are noted to be slightly narrowed, left greater than the right.",1
The right internal auditory canal is narrowed just at the meatus.,1
The left internal auditory canal appears narrowed throughout its course.,1
The left cochlear nerve is not well visualized and is either extremely thin or absent.,1
IMPRESSION:  Narrowing of both internal auditory canals as detailed above with extremely thin or absent left cochlear nerve.,1
IMPRESSION:  Narrowing of both internal auditory canals as detailed above with extremely thin or absent left cochlear nerve.,1
The left cochlea appears asymmetrically small compared to the right.,1
This is particularly noticeable in the apical turn of the left cochlea being small and probably underdeveloped.,1
The left internal auditory canal is very narrow which makes it difficult to assess the canal structures.,1
"There is mild prominence of the right vestibular aqueduct (1.1 mm), which remains within the upper limits of normal however.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea are otherwise unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea are otherwise unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea are otherwise unremarkable.",0
Top normal right vestibular aqueduct.,0
END OF IMPRESSION  CPT CODE: 70480/76375  MRI BRAIN AND INTERNAL AUDITORY CANALS WITH AND WITHOUT CONTRAST: [**Date**]  CLINICAL INDICATION:  Right sensorineural hearing loss.,1
The mastoid air cells  are clear.,0
"Within the limitations of this examination, the visualized portions of the mastoid/middle ear regions are within normal limits.",0
"The middle ear cavities, mastoid air cells are clear.",0
The mastoid air cells and middle ears are clear.,0
The external auditory canal is unremarkable.,0
The internal auditory canal is narrow and does not appear to communicate directly with the cochlea.,1
The internal auditory canal is narrow and does not appear to communicate directly with the cochlea.,1
"The inner ear structures appear dysmorphic: The cochlea itself appears somewhat dysmorphic, only the superior semicircular canal has a normal appearance, and the vestibule appears enlarged.",1
"The inner ear structures appear dysmorphic: The cochlea itself appears somewhat dysmorphic, only the superior semicircular canal has a normal appearance, and the vestibule appears enlarged.",1
"The inner ear structures appear dysmorphic: The cochlea itself appears somewhat dysmorphic, only the superior semicircular canal has a normal appearance, and the vestibule appears enlarged.",1
The vestibule appears slightly prominent.,1
"Abnormalities of the right ear, as described, with a narrow internal auditory canal that does not appear to communicate with the cochlea, a single nerve within the internal auditory canal likely representing the facial nerve, and no vestibulocochlear nerve identified, and dysmorphic inner ear structures.",1
"Abnormalities of the right ear, as described, with a narrow internal auditory canal that does not appear to communicate with the cochlea, a single nerve within the internal auditory canal likely representing the facial nerve, and no vestibulocochlear nerve identified, and dysmorphic inner ear structures.",1
The left vestibule also appears somewhat prominent.,1
"COMPARISON:  CT dated [**Date**]  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
Note is made of ossification of the most inferior portion of the tympanic membrane near its insertion into the canal which appears similar to the left.,1
"On the left, soft tissue density is present in the epitympanic space with a small amount extending into Prussak's space and medial to the ossicles, with soft tissue seen outlining the interface between the foot to the stapes in the oval window.",1
"On the left, soft tissue density is present in the epitympanic space with a small amount extending into Prussak's space and medial to the ossicles, with soft tissue seen outlining the interface between the foot to the stapes in the oval window.",1
The ossicles and scutum appear intact.,0
The ossicles and scutum appear intact.,0
The left mastoid is under pneumatized with sclerotic changes.,1
There is also mucosal thickening/soft tissue density within the the left mastoid air cells.,1
The right mastoid air cells are well-pneumatized and clear.,0
Soft tissue density is present in the epitympanic space with a small amount extending into Prussak's space and medial to the ossicles.,1
"T2 prolongation is seen within mastoid air cells, more so on the right side.",1
"Prior MRI revealed absence or hypoplasia of the genu of the corpus callosum, enlarged mass intermedia, fenestration of the anterior falx with interdigitation of the cortical sulci along the medial frontal lobes, possible inferior vermian hypoplasia, possible optic nerve hypoplasia, right greater than left, hypoplasia of the internal auditory canals and possible posterior cleft palate.",1
"The external auditory canals are patent, the internal artery canals are normal in size, and the basic inner ear structures are present.",0
TEMPORAL BONES: External auditory canals are patent bilaterally.,0
"The vestibules, semicircular canals, and cochlea appear unremarkable bilaterally.",0
"The vestibules, semicircular canals, and cochlea appear unremarkable bilaterally.",0
"The vestibules, semicircular canals, and cochlea appear unremarkable bilaterally.",0
The vestibular aqueducts appear enlarged bilaterally.,1
"The internal auditory canals appear small bilaterally, and may be slightly abnormally oriented.",1
"The internal auditory canals are small, with poor visualization of the facial nerves bilaterally, which may be hypoplastic.",1
"Additionally, the bilateral vestibular aqueducts are enlarged.",1
There is a tympanostomy tube traversing the tympanic membrane.,1
The tympanic membrane is otherwise normal in appearance.,0
There is also a tympanostomy tube seen traversing the left tympanic membrane.,1
IMPRESSION:  1.Bilateral tympanostomy tubes with otherwise normal appearing tympanic membranes.,0
The external auditory canal is near completely obstructed with some air bubbles in its midportion.,1
The ossicles are intact without demineralization.,0
Cochlear electrode is in place entering through the round window and coursing within the cochlea.,0
The semicircular canals and vestibule are normal in appearance.The vestibular aqueduct is not enlarged.,0
The semicircular canals and vestibule are normal in appearance.The vestibular aqueduct is not enlarged.,0
The semicircular canals and vestibule are normal in appearance.The vestibular aqueduct is not enlarged.,0
Marked right soft tissue swelling surrounding the external auditory canal and displacing the pinna laterally without evidence of abscess.,1
"COMPARISON:  None  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the vestibulo-cochlear nerves are seen and appear normal.",0
"On the left side, the vestibulo-cochlear nerves are seen and appear normal.",0
There is a suggestion that the bilateral internal auditory canals have a somewhat abnormal inferior angulation.,1
The cochlear nerve is not definitely identified.,1
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are grossly unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are grossly unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are grossly unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are evident and are grossly unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are evident and are grossly unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are evident and are grossly unremarkable.",0
"IMPRESSION:  Suboptimal examination, markedly degraded by patient motion, without definite identification of the right cochlear nerve.",1
"Suggestion of abnormal angulation of the internal auditory canals, likely congenital/developmental.",1
"COMPARISON: MRI of the temporal bones of [**Date**]  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
The lateral and posterior semicircular canals are attenuated.,1
The superior semicircular canal is normal appearing and symmetric with the contralateral.,0
"IMPRESSION:  Attenuation of the lateral and posterior semicircular canals on the right, consistent with labyrinthitis ossificans.",1
The lateral and posterior semicircular canals are not visualized.,1
Only a small portion of the proximal crus of the posterior semicircular canal is seen.,0
The superior semicircular canal appears normal.,0
The vestibule and cochlea are unremarkable.,0
The vestibule and cochlea are unremarkable.,0
The lateral semicircular canal is visualized but appears smaller.,1
The posterior and superior semicircular canals are visualized and appear unremarkable.,0
There is decreased signal within the cochlea and it is uncertain whether this is artifactual or secondary to a true abnormality.,1
The vestibule is unremarkable.,0
"IMPRESSION:  Abnormality of the semicircular canals, as described.",1
"Given the history of sensorineural hearing loss, the raises the concern for labyrinthitis ossificans affecting the semicircular canals.",1
"COMPARISON: MR [**First Name**]  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
There is no evidence for erosion/dehiscence of the lateral semicircular canal or facial nerve canal.,0
The stapes does not appear to articulate with the oval window.,1
Stapes does not articulate with the oval window.,1
There is symmetrical mild increased density within the laterals semicircular canals felt to be artifactual.,1
Apparent increased density within lateral semicircular canals likely artifact.,1
The cochlear division of the vestibulocochlear nerve is not definitely identified.,1
"There is a subtle hypointensity within the lateral aspect of the right internal auditory canal which could represent a flow artifact or may possibly represent a very hypoplastic cochlear nerve which, if real, demonstrates abnormal lateral/distal branching off the vestibular nerve.",1
"There is a subtle hypointensity within the lateral aspect of the right internal auditory canal which could represent a flow artifact or may possibly represent a very hypoplastic cochlear nerve which, if real, demonstrates abnormal lateral/distal branching off the vestibular nerve.",1
"There is a subtle hypointensity within the lateral aspect of the right internal auditory canal which could represent a flow artifact or may possibly represent a very hypoplastic cochlear nerve which, if real, demonstrates abnormal lateral/distal branching off the vestibular nerve.",1
The right internal auditory canal is slightly decreased in anteroposterior diameter relative to the left side.,1
"Subtle hypointensity within the lateral aspect of the right internal auditory canal could represent a flow artifact, volume averaging of adjacent bone or possibly may represent a very hypoplastic right cochlear nerve which, if real, demonstrates abnormally lateral/distal branching off of the right vestibular nerve.",1
"Subtle hypointensity within the lateral aspect of the right internal auditory canal could represent a flow artifact, volume averaging of adjacent bone or possibly may represent a very hypoplastic right cochlear nerve which, if real, demonstrates abnormally lateral/distal branching off of the right vestibular nerve.",1
"Subtle hypointensity within the lateral aspect of the right internal auditory canal could represent a flow artifact, volume averaging of adjacent bone or possibly may represent a very hypoplastic right cochlear nerve which, if real, demonstrates abnormally lateral/distal branching off of the right vestibular nerve.",1
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  On the right side, there is narrowing of the otherwise patent external auditory canal particularly in the superoinferior direction.",1
There is no soft tissue thickening of the external auditory canal.,0
The tympanic membrane contains a myringotomy tube which is somewhat ill defined and appears to contains small amount of tissue.,1
There are no air cells adjacent to the epitympanum or above the roof of the external canal.,1
The tympanic membrane contains a myringotomy tube and is unremarkable.,0
The mastoid sinuses appear small for age of patient.,1
The soft tissue density material is located lateral and superior to the ossicles and fills the entire mastoid sinus.,1
The soft tissue density material is located lateral and superior to the ossicles and fills the entire mastoid sinus.,1
The tegmen tympani is very low lying and there are only very small air cells interposed between the temporal lobe and the roof of the right external auditory canal which is slightly decreased in the superoinferior diameter.,1
With an infiltrative cholesteatoma one would expect more encircling of the ossicles.,1
"COMPARISON:  None  FINDINGS: On the left side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
The vestibular aqueduct is moderately enlarged.,1
"The vestibular aqueduct is visualized, but normal in size.",0
IMPRESSION:  Enlargement of the left vestibular aqueduct.,1
There is mild enlargement of the left vestibular aqueduct which can be associated with sensorineural hearing loss.,1
The intracanalicular portion of the left cochlear nerve appears slightly thin when compared to the opposite side.,1
The vestibular nerve appears unremarkable.,0
IMPRESSION:  Slightly thin appearance of the intracanalicular left cochlear nerve.,1
COMPARISON: [**Date**]  FINDINGS: Again noted are postsurgical changes in the region of the left mastoid status post left wall up mastoidectomy.,1
"New bone formation is seen along the lateral aspect of the mastoid, most likely postsurgical in nature.",1
The scutum remains fairly sharp in appearance.,0
"The ossicles are normal in appearance, with the footplate of the stapes is surrounded by a small amount of residual soft tissue.",0
"The ossicles are normal in appearance, with the footplate of the stapes is surrounded by a small amount of residual soft tissue.",0
The ossicles appear intact.,0
"The ossicles are intact, but the short process of the incus approximates the tympanic cavity wall.",1
"The ossicles are intact, but the short process of the incus approximates the tympanic cavity wall.",1
"The ossicles are intact, but the short process of the incus approximates the tympanic cavity wall.",1
Please see below comments regarding left sigmoid plate and mastoid air cells.,1
There is erosion of the posterior wall of the mastoid air cells/sigmoid plate.,1
"In addition, there are erosive changes of superior wall of the mastoid process.",1
"There is erosion of the incus, suggesting chronic changes.The tympanic membrane is not visualized.",1
"There is erosion of the incus, suggesting chronic changes.The tympanic membrane is not visualized.",1
Erosion of the lateral wall of the left mastoid air cells with soft tissue abscess extending anterior and situated lateral to the left TMJ joint.,1
"Erosion of the left incus, suggesting previous chronic changes.",1
"FINDINGS:  On the right side, there is a small amount of soft tissue material, most likely cerumen, within the external auditory canal.",1
"On the left side, there is a small amount of soft tissue material, most likely cerumen, within the external auditory canal.",1
The mastoid air cells are slightly less pneumatized on the right side when compared to the left.,1
"The lenticular process of the incus is absent, and only a small fragment resembling the stapes is seen in the oval fossa with abnromal oval window.",1
"The lenticular process of the incus is absent, and only a small fragment resembling the stapes is seen in the oval fossa with abnromal oval window.",1
"In addition, there is a bony septum that runs anteroposteriorly transecting the tympanic cavity and interrupting the articulation between the incus (which lacks the tip of the long process and the lenticular process) and the stapes (which appears small).",1
"In addition, there is a bony septum that runs anteroposteriorly transecting the tympanic cavity and interrupting the articulation between the incus (which lacks the tip of the long process and the lenticular process) and the stapes (which appears small).",1
"In addition, there is a bony septum that runs anteroposteriorly transecting the tympanic cavity and interrupting the articulation between the incus (which lacks the tip of the long process and the lenticular process) and the stapes (which appears small).",1
The vestibule-cochlear nerves are seen and appear normal.,0
The vestibule-cochlear nerves are seen and appear normal.,0
"COMPARISON:  None  FINDINGS:  TEMPORAL BONES: On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
The mastoid air cells and paranasal sinuses are clear.,0
"There is also a segmentation anomaly of the right cochlea with poor segmentation between the middle and apical turns, and slightly decreased turns in the distal right cochlea.",1
The vestibulo-cochlear nerves are seen and unremarkable.,0
Enlarged right endolymphatic duct in association with segmentation anomaly of the distal right cochlea.,1
The cochlear nerves are present and appear normal in size bilaterally.,0
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  A small amount of soft tissue is present in the external auditory canal bilaterally, likely secondary to presumed retained cerumen.",1
The facial nerve and superior/inferior divisions of the vestibular nerves are seen and appear normal.,0
The left cochlear nerve cannot be identified and may be absent or markedly hypoplastic.,1
Trace right sided mastoid disease is noted.,1
The visualized paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells are clear.,0
The mastoid air cells are clear bilaterally.,0
The remainder of the visualized paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells are clear.,0
"The paranasal sinuses, middle ear cavities, and mastoid air cells are clear.",0
"The middle ear cavities , mastoid air cells are clear.",0
The paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells are otherwise clear.,0
There has been clearing of the previously described inflammatory changes in the paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells.,0
Interval resolution of the inflammatory changes in the paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells.,1
The internal auditory canal is small and there is a severely stenotic portion proximally.,1
The vestibulo-cochlear nerves are thinning and the cochlear division is barely seen.,1
"IMPRESSION:  Diffusely small right internal auditory canal, with a severely stenotic proximal portion.",1
Thinning of the vestibulocochlear nerve with possible very hypoplastic/aplastic cochlear nerve.,1
"The visualized portions of the orbits, and mastoid air cells are grossly unremarkable.",0
"Lesion within the inferior right cerebellum demonstrates an exophytic component which extends along course of right cranial nerves VII and VIII and into the right internal auditory canal, and is more prominent since prior exam.",1
The middle ear cavities and mastoid air cells  are clear.,0
There is subtle increased density in the basal turn of the cochlea and there is minimal irregularity of the wall of the lateral semicircular canal with faint increased density.,1
There is subtle increased density in the basal turn of the cochlea and there is minimal irregularity of the wall of the lateral semicircular canal with faint increased density.,1
The there is slight sclerosis in the basal turn of the cochlea as well as a prominent focus of sclerosis with narrowing in the lateral semicircular canal.,1
The there is slight sclerosis in the basal turn of the cochlea as well as a prominent focus of sclerosis with narrowing in the lateral semicircular canal.,1
Region of sclerosis and narrowing within the left lateral semicircular canal as well as faint sclerosis within the basal turn of the cochlea consistent with early changes of labyrinthitis ossificans.,1
Region of sclerosis and narrowing within the left lateral semicircular canal as well as faint sclerosis within the basal turn of the cochlea consistent with early changes of labyrinthitis ossificans.,1
There appear to be more subtle changes of sclerosis on the right with a faint increased density in the basal turn of the right cochlea and also there appears to be minimal irregularity of the wall of the lateral semicircular canal.,1
There appear to be more subtle changes of sclerosis on the right with a faint increased density in the basal turn of the right cochlea and also there appears to be minimal irregularity of the wall of the lateral semicircular canal.,1
"The mastoid air cells are well-pneumatized and clear, noting partial right mastoidectomy.",0
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  There is a widely patent communication between the cochlea and vestibule bilaterally, more prominent on the left than the right.",0
The cochlea appears otherwise unremarkable.,0
The vestibule is slightly prominent.,1
"IMPRESSION:  Widely patent communication between the cochlea and vestibule bilaterally, more prominent on the left than the right.",1
This deformity is reportedly commonly associated with stapes foot plate deformities and facial nerve dehiscence and may also be associated poor candidacy for cochlear implantation.,1
The paranasal sinuses and right mastoid air cells are clear.,0
There is focal retraction of the inferior half of the left tympanic membrane with associated irregular soft tissue thickening surrounding a left myringotomy tube and extending anteriorly and superiorly along the tympanic membrane including along the handle of the malleus.,1
There is focal retraction of the inferior half of the left tympanic membrane with associated irregular soft tissue thickening surrounding a left myringotomy tube and extending anteriorly and superiorly along the tympanic membrane including along the handle of the malleus.,1
There is thin soft tissue density  in posterolateral attic just lateral to the incus.,1
The head and body of the incus are clear.,0
IMPRESSION:  Focal inferior retraction of the left tympanic membrane with associated irregular soft tissue thickening surrounding a left myringotomy tube and extending anteriorly inferior to the ossicles.,1
IMPRESSION:  Focal inferior retraction of the left tympanic membrane with associated irregular soft tissue thickening surrounding a left myringotomy tube and extending anteriorly inferior to the ossicles.,1
However the internal auditory canal is markedly patulous.,1
The semicircular canals and cochlea are within normal limits.,0
The semicircular canals and cochlea are within normal limits.,0
The vestibule is patulous.,1
"On the right side, there is marked cystic dilatation of the vestibular aqueduct, measuring 11 mm in anteroposterior diameter.",1
"On the left side, there is marked cystic dilatation of the vestibular aqueduct, measuring 10 mm in anteroposterior diameter.",1
Bilateral markedly enlarged vestibular aqueducts and endolymphatic ducts with associated patulous internal auditory canals and vestibules.,1
Bilateral markedly enlarged vestibular aqueducts and endolymphatic ducts with associated patulous internal auditory canals and vestibules.,1
Bilateral markedly enlarged vestibular aqueducts and endolymphatic ducts with associated patulous internal auditory canals and vestibules.,1
No abnormality demonstrated of the semicircular canals or the cochlea.,0
No abnormality demonstrated of the semicircular canals or the cochlea.,0
"There is crowding of the cerebellar tissue into the internal auditory canals, bilaterally effacing the subarachnoid space.",1
The vestibulo-cochlear nerves not well-seen due to lack of subarachnoid space from crowding by the posterior fossa.,1
"The other inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The other inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
The vestibular aqueduct is likely enlarged.,1
Normal cochlea.,0
"On the right side, the external auditory canal contains minimal debris.",0
"On the left side, the external auditory canal contains minimal debris.",0
"On the right side, the tympanic membrane is unremarkable.",0
There is nodular soft tissue attenuation in the external auditory canal.,1
On the left side the tympanic membrane is unremarkable.,0
There is large amount of soft tissue attenuation occluding the external auditory canal with areas of narrowing without expansion.,1
"The inner ear  structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are  unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear  structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are  unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear  structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are  unremarkable.",0
"Dose length product (recorded by the scanner based on adult modeling): 290 mGy-cm  COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS: On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
The apical portion of the cochlea appears incompletely segmented.,1
The apical portion of the cochlea appears  incompletely segmented.,1
The vestibular aqueduct may be  enlarged.,1
There appears to be bilateral incomplete segmentation of the cochlea and enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct.,1
There appears to be bilateral incomplete segmentation of the cochlea and enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct.,1
There is mild debris in the external auditory canal.,1
The mastoid air cells are under-pneumatized bilaterally.,1
IMPRESSION: Underpneumatization of the bilateral mastoids.,1
The vestibular aqueduct is mildly enlarged.,1
Symmetrically enlarged vestibular aqueducts bilaterally.,1
Mildly thickened right tympanic membrane.,1
"Dose length product (recorded by the scanner based on adult modeling): 180 mGy-cm  COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
The tympanic membrane is bulging.,1
The malleus and incus appear intact.,0
The malleus and incus appear intact.,0
Extending medially from the left tympanic membrane is noted a lobulated masslike region of low attenuation that opacifies much of the medial aspect of the middle ear cavity.,1
"Glomus tympanicum would also be in the differential; however, the otoscopic exam reportedly revealed a dull, rather than red and pulsatile, ipsilateral tympanic membrane.",1
"The stapes is not well seen, which is thought to be due to technical factors; however, no bony erosions are seen.",0
"The tympanic membrane is unremarkable, aside from the presence of a myringotomy tube.",0
The cochlea is identified and appears normal.,0
The vestibule is diminutive and the semicircular canals are nonvisualized.,1
"The mastoid air cells are underpneumatized and somewhat sclerotic, but clear.",0
The right pinna and external auditory canal is small.,1
The foot plate of the stapes is not clearly identified.,1
The ossicles are otherwise intact.,0
The vestibule is diminutive and the semicircular canals are aplastic.,1
The left mastoid is underpneumatized but clear.,1
Diminutive middle ear cavities and vestibules bilaterally.,1
"END OF IMPRESSION:  MRI INTERNAL AUDITORY CANALS WITHOUT CONTRAST [**Date**]  CLINICAL INDICATION: history of CHARGE syndrome, presenting with hearing loss.",1
"TECHNIQUE: Thin-section images through the internal auditory canals were obtained with coronal T2, and axial 3D CISS with coronal reformations were obtained on a 3T scanner.",0
COMPARISON: MR brain [**Date**]  FINDINGS: The external auditory canals are difficult to assess on MRI.,1
"The IAC nerves are not well visualized, no cochlear nerves are identified, there are probably small 7 th cranial nerves.",1
Evaluation of the internal auditory canals demonstrates absent semi-circular canals on both sides.,1
"There is material in bilateral mastoid air cells, worse on the right.",1
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  The external auditory canals are patent but show marked narrowing on both sides, more severe on the right side.",1
The tympanic membrane is thickened anteriorly and cannot be identified in its posterior portions bilaterally.,1
The malleus and incus are clearly visualized and appear normal.,0
The malleus and incus are clearly visualized and appear normal.,0
"The stapes are not clearly visualized, but the images are somewhat degraded by patient motion in this region.",1
The internal auditory canals appear slightly narrowed.,1
There is symmetric lucency surrounding the cochlea bilaterally.,1
The vestibules are enlarged bilaterally.,1
The semicircular canals cannot be identified on either side.,1
The mastoid air cells are pneumatized and clear.,0
"IMPRESSION:  Marked abnormalities of the temporal bones with narrowing of the external auditory canals and internal auditory canals, dysmorphic cochlea with incomplete number of turns, and absence of the semicircular canals.",1
"IMPRESSION:  Marked abnormalities of the temporal bones with narrowing of the external auditory canals and internal auditory canals, dysmorphic cochlea with incomplete number of turns, and absence of the semicircular canals.",1
"IMPRESSION:  Marked abnormalities of the temporal bones with narrowing of the external auditory canals and internal auditory canals, dysmorphic cochlea with incomplete number of turns, and absence of the semicircular canals.",1
The cochlear nerve does not appear to be in appropriate location and not terminating at the level of the cochlea.,1
The cochlear nerve may be hypoplastic or atretic.,1
"However, the cochlear appears well-formed.",0
IMPRESSION:  Findings are worrisome for atretic right cochlear nerve.,1
COMPARISON:  MRI brain dated [**Date**]  FINDINGS:  On the right side the vestibulo-cochlear nerves are seen and appear normal.,0
On the left side the vestibulo-cochlear nerves are seen and appear normal.,0
"INNER EAR: On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
"FINDINGS:  On the right side, the vestibulo-cochlear nerves are seen and appear normal.",0
The cochlear nerves are present and unremarkable.,0
There is no cochlear aperture stenosis.,0
There is no cochlear  The mastoid air cells are clear.,0
IMPRESSION: Left mastoid air cell disease.,1
No abnormality is identified in the auditory canals bilaterally.,0
Right-sided vestibular aqueduct is enlarged.,1
Enlarged vestibular aqueduct on the right.,1
"Also, the external auditory canal is absent and consequently the tympanic membrane is absent.",1
"Also, the external auditory canal is absent and consequently the tympanic membrane is absent.",1
"The tympanic cavity appears atrophic, to greater extent than on the contralateral side.",1
The descending (mastoid) portion of the canal of the cranial nerve VII is abnormally positioned.,1
"The semicircular canals, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The semicircular canals, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"There is a shallow indentation at the expected site of the most lateral portion of the EAC, however, there is atresia of the EAC.",1
The tympanic cavity is larger than on the contralateral side.,1
Because of the EAC atresia the tympanic membrane is absent and consequently the handle of the malleus is foreshortened and thickened.,1
Because of the EAC atresia the tympanic membrane is absent and consequently the handle of the malleus is foreshortened and thickened.,1
The anterosuperior portion of the head of the malleus may be attached to the roof of the tympanic cavity or may be abutting it.,1
The anterosuperior portion of the head of the malleus may be attached to the roof of the tympanic cavity or may be abutting it.,1
The incus and the stapes appear normal.,0
The incus and the stapes appear normal.,0
"The  semicircular canals, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The  semicircular canals, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"IMPRESSION:  Bilaterally absent external auditory canal, with more normal appearance of the pinna, the ossicles and tympanic cavity on the left as compared to the right.",1
"IMPRESSION:  Bilaterally absent external auditory canal, with more normal appearance of the pinna, the ossicles and tympanic cavity on the left as compared to the right.",1
"On the right the tympanic cavity is smaller, the ossicles are more deformed and the course of the descending portion of the 7th cranial nerve is more abnormal.",1
"On the right the tympanic cavity is smaller, the ossicles are more deformed and the course of the descending portion of the 7th cranial nerve is more abnormal.",1
"The vestibular aqueduct is enlarged, measuring 3.0 mm in width.",1
"The vestibular aqueduct is enlarged, measuring 3.2 mm in width.",1
"IMPRESSION:  Bilateral enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct, more prominent on the left side.",1
Both cochlear nerves appear normal.,0
The left internal auditory canal is small.,1
The cochlear nerve is not identified.,1
The facial and vestibular nerves are present.,0
There is trace mucosal thickening in the left mastoid air cells.,1
There is minimal linear T2 signal of the left mastoid air cells.,1
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  On the right side, there is soft tissue in the external auditory canal.",1
The mastoid air cells are well pneumatized for the age of the patient.,0
"COMPARISON:  Temporal bone CT dated [**Date**]  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
Thin coronal T2 through the internal auditory canal were also obtained with coronal and sagittal reconstructions.,1
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS: Evaluation of the internal auditory canals demonstrates no evidence of mass lesion, abnormal signal intensity or pathologic enhancement.",0
Unremarkable MRI of the brain and internal auditory canals.,0
The cochlear nerve is present but appears smaller than the facial and vestibular nerves.,1
The cochlear nerve is present but appears smaller than the facial and vestibular nerves.,1
"Given the limitations of motion, the right cochlear nerve appears somewhat diminutive, suggestive of hypoplasia.",1
The left cochlear nerve appears essentially unremarkable.,0
Small amount of soft tissue is seen in Prussak's space extending to the external auditory canal.Scutum appears blunted and there are multiple erosions involving the ossicles.,1
Small amount of soft tissue is seen in Prussak's space extending to the external auditory canal.Scutum appears blunted and there are multiple erosions involving the ossicles.,1
Small amount of soft tissue is seen in Prussak's space extending to the external auditory canal.Scutum appears blunted and there are multiple erosions involving the ossicles.,1
The stapes is not visualized.,1
The incus is incompletely visualized.,1
The tympanic membrane is poorly seen and may be thickened and retracted.,1
The vestibular aqueduct is identified and is not enlarged.,0
"On the left side, there is soft tissue debris within the left external auditory canal.",1
The external auditory canals are hypoplastic.,1
The middle ear cavities are very narrow without definite identification of the ossicles.,1
There is absense of formation of normal mastoid air cells bilaterally.,1
External auditory canals are hypoplastic.,1
Bone external auditory canals are severely narrowed.,1
The visualized paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells are well pneumatized.,0
"The head of the malleus abuts the anterior wall of the middle ear, but there is no definite gross adhesion.",1
The ossicles are otherwise unremarkable.,0
"There is thinning of the roof of the right superior semicircular canal noted, but definite dehiscence is not convincingly demonstrated.",1
"Otherwise, the inner ear structures, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"Otherwise, the inner ear structures, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
The ossicles are unremarkable.,0
IMPRESSION:  Thinning of the roof of the right superior semicircular canal.,1
The mastoid air cells and middle ear cavities have cleared since the [**Date**] examination.,0
The remainder of the sinuses and mastoid air cells are otherwise normal appearance.,0
The middle ear cavities and mastoid air cells.,0
"Although not a dedicated study to evaluate the temporal bones, there is suggestion of absence or hypoplasia of the semicircular canals bilaterally.",1
There is bilateral mild external auditory canal narrowing.,1
The vestibules and cochlea are dysplastic bilaterally.,1
The vestibules and cochlea are dysplastic bilaterally.,1
The superior and lateral semicircular canals are not visualized.,1
The left stapes footplate does not appear to enter the oval window.,1
The remainder of the bilateral ossicles appear unremarkable.,0
The mastoid air cells are underpneumatized and clear.,1
"Bilateral aplasia of the superior and lateral semicircular canals, hypoplasia of the posterior semicircular canals, and dysplasia of the bilateral vestibules and cochlea.",1
"Bilateral aplasia of the superior and lateral semicircular canals, hypoplasia of the posterior semicircular canals, and dysplasia of the bilateral vestibules and cochlea.",1
"Bilateral aplasia of the superior and lateral semicircular canals, hypoplasia of the posterior semicircular canals, and dysplasia of the bilateral vestibules and cochlea.",1
Malposition of the left stapes as noted.,1
Bilateral vestibules are small and dysmorphic.,1
In the expected locations the vestibular aqueducts are not identified.,1
The fundi of the internal auditory canals are dysmorphic and widened.,1
The anterior one of them runs to the cochlea.,0
On one of the axial images there is a suggestion of a very thin nerve in the superior portion of the internal auditory canal.,1
"Within the right IAC, the larger nerve gives 2 small branches running in the inferior compartment and the anterior one of them runs to the cochlea.",1
The external auditory canals appear patent.,0
IMPRESSION:  - Bilateral severe semicircular canal aplasia.,1
"Dysplasia of vestibules, basal turns of cochleas and fundi of the internal auditory canals.",1
"Dysplasia of vestibules, basal turns of cochleas and fundi of the internal auditory canals.",1
- Presence of bilateral cochlear nerves but suspicion for bilateral hypoplastic partially absent vestibular nerves and hypoplastic left facial nerve.,1
- Presence of bilateral cochlear nerves but suspicion for bilateral hypoplastic partially absent vestibular nerves and hypoplastic left facial nerve.,1
COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS: The external auditory canals are patent bilaterally.,0
The bilateral vestibules are dilated.,1
The vestibular aqueducts are enlarged bilaterally.,1
There is a questionable linear area of lucency around the cochlear and the part of the vestibule on each side.,1
There is a questionable linear area of lucency around the cochlear and the part of the vestibule on each side.,1
Absence of the semicircular canals bilaterally.,1
Bilateral dilatation of the vestibules.,1
Bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueducts.,1
Questionable linear area of lucency around the cochlear and the part of the vestibule on each side.,1
Questionable linear area of lucency around the cochlear and the part of the vestibule on each side.,1
The external auditory canals are patent.,0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibules, and cochleas are unremarkable on both sides.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibules, and cochleas are unremarkable on both sides.",0
The visualized mastoid air cells and paranasal sinuses are clear.,0
Mild scattered mucosal thickening is noted within the visualized paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells bilaterally.,1
There is ossification within nearly the entire cochlea extending from the basal turn to apex.,1
A few portions of the right cochlea lumen appear free of ossification.,0
The vestibule is also slightly dysmorphic.,1
The ossicles are grossly intact.,0
"Additionally, the semicircular canals are involved by the ossification, right much more than left.",1
"The cochlear nerve is not identified, and appears to be absent or significantly hypoplastic.",1
"IMPRESSION:  Nonvisualized left cochlear nerve, likely absent or severely hypoplastic.",1
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  On the right side, there is minimal debris in the external auditory canal; otherwise the external auditory canal is unremarkable.",0
"On the left side, there is minimal debris in the external auditory canal; otherwise the external auditory canal is unremarkable.",0
"On the left side, the external auditory canal is patent  but somewhat tortuous, which is likely a normal anatomic variant.",0
No abnormality identified in internal ears / auditory canals.,0
"The right cochlear nerve is present, but smaller in caliber compared to the left.",1
Normal left cochlear nerve.,0
"The fracture line passes through the left middle ear cavity, mastoid air cells.",1
The left external auditory canal is occluded.,1
"The ossicles and inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea are intact.",0
"The ossicles and inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea are intact.",0
"The ossicles and inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea are intact.",0
"The ossicles and inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea are intact.",0
The ossicles and inner ear structures are intact.,0
INNER EARS:  The right internal auditory canal is again noted to be enlarged and largely occupied by the previously noted mass.,1
The left internal auditory canal again appears significantly narrowed likely a result of packing material.,1
"On the left side, the inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"On the left side, the inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"On the left side, the inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
There is no evidence of residual or recurrent tumor within the left internal auditory canal with interval decrease in the probable postsurgical enhancement.,0
The paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells remain clear and well aerated.,0
the paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells are clear.,0
END OF IMPRESSION: 70551  MRI INTERNAL AUDITORY CANALS WITHOUT CONTRAST  CLINICAL INDICATION: Sensorineural hearing loss.,1
No enlargement of the vestibular aqueducts are noted.,0
"The cochlea, vestibula and semicircular canals are normal in appearance.",0
"The cochlea, vestibula and semicircular canals are normal in appearance.",0
The visualized paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells and middle ear cavities are clear.,0
"A small cyst is evident in the vicinity of the semicircular canals, without identifiable connection to any of the inner ear structures.",1
"The inner ear structures, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"Incidental note is made of bulbous origin of the bilateral semicircular canals of uncertain clinical significance, likely anatomic variant.",1
The mastoid air cells and middle ears appear clear.,0
"There is subcutaneous edema around the cochlear device, the pinna, and overlying the right mastoid and with scattered foci of subcutaneous emphysema.",1
"There is subcutaneous edema around the cochlear device, the pinna, and overlying the right mastoid and with scattered foci of subcutaneous emphysema.",1
The cochlear portion of the implant is well seated within the cochlea.,0
There is apparent bony fusion of the head of the malleus with the anterior wall of the epitympanic recess.,1
"Otherwise, the ossicles are intact.",0
IMPRESSION:  Apparent bony fusion of the head of the malleus with the anterior tympanic cavity on the left.,1
"On the right side, the vestibular aqueduct is within normal limits, measuring 1 mm in anteroposterior diameter.",0
"On the left side, the vestibular aqueduct is within normal limits, measuring 1 mm in anteroposterior diameter.",0
Bilateral normal vestibular aqueducts.,0
The vestibulo-cochlear nerves are seen.,0
The left cochlear nerve is smaller in size than on the right.,1
"IMPRESSION:  Small size of the left cochlear nerve, as described above.",1
The vestibule is malformed and the lateral semicircular canal is not well formed and there is only a small [**First Name**] of the lateral semicircular canal.,1
The vestibule is malformed and the lateral semicircular canal is not well formed and there is only a small [**First Name**] of the lateral semicircular canal.,1
The internal auditory canal is severely stenotic and hypoplastic.,1
A well formed cochlear nerve is not seen.,1
The vestibule is malformed and the lateral semicircular canal is not well formed.,1
The vestibule is malformed and the lateral semicircular canal is not well formed.,1
The cochlear aperture appears somewhat stenotic.,1
Bilaterally malformed vestibules.,1
Malformed lateral semicircular canals.,1
Severely stenotic and hypoplastic internal auditory canals.,1
Cochlear nerves are not seen on either side.,1
"Note is made of slight asymmetry of the vestibule, with a more globular shape on the right side.",1
"The remainder inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The remainder inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
Small amount of T2 hyperintensity is seen within inferior bilateral mastoid air cells.,1
There is trace mucosal thickening of paranasal sinuses  IMPRESSION:  Prominence of the right vestibular aqueduct.,1
Slight asymmetry with the right vestibule with a more globular appearance.,1
Hyperintensity within inferior bilateral mastoid air cells.,1
The right internal auditory canal appears slightly smaller and more down-sloping when compared to the left.,1
The right cochlear nerve is extremely thin and the right superior and inferior vestibular nerves are small.,1
The right cochlear nerve is extremely thin and the right superior and inferior vestibular nerves are small.,1
The right cochlea is smaller than the left.,1
The left cochlear nerve appears small.,1
The left facial nerve and the superior and inferior vestibular nerves are seen and appear normal.,0
Extremely thin right cochlear nerve and small right vestibular nerve.,1
Extremely thin right cochlear nerve and small right vestibular nerve.,1
"Right internal auditory canal and cochlea are slightly small, compared to left.",1
"Right internal auditory canal and cochlea are slightly small, compared to left.",1
Small left cochlear nerve.,1
The left vestibular aqueduct is slightly prominent.,1
Mild prominence of the left vestibular aqueduct.,1
"The vestibulo-cochlear nerves are poor discernible on axial images, although,  better seen on reconstructed images, ( image 35 of series series 8 ) .",1
There is cystic dilatation of the vestibule and cochlea and dilatation of the anterior crus of the superior semicircular canal as well as the lateral semicircular canal.,1
There is cystic dilatation of the vestibule and cochlea and dilatation of the anterior crus of the superior semicircular canal as well as the lateral semicircular canal.,1
There is cystic dilatation of the vestibule and cochlea and dilatation of the anterior crus of the superior semicircular canal as well as the lateral semicircular canal.,1
IMPRESSION:  Developmental anomalies of the inner ear structures with cystic dilatation of the vestibule and cochlea and dilatation of the anterior crus of the superior semicircular canal as well as the lateral semicircular canal.,1
IMPRESSION:  Developmental anomalies of the inner ear structures with cystic dilatation of the vestibule and cochlea and dilatation of the anterior crus of the superior semicircular canal as well as the lateral semicircular canal.,1
IMPRESSION:  Developmental anomalies of the inner ear structures with cystic dilatation of the vestibule and cochlea and dilatation of the anterior crus of the superior semicircular canal as well as the lateral semicircular canal.,1
The cochlear nerves are unremarkable bilaterally.,0
Bilateral maxillary sinus and mastoid air cell disease.,1
Enhancement is seen within the left internal auditory canal.,1
The mastoid air cells are well pneumatized.,0
"The visualized mastoid air cells, paranasal sinuses and middle ear cavities are clear.",0
Right mastoid air cells and bilateral middle ears are clear.,0
No definite middle ear or mastoid disease as noted on the right.,0
"On the left side, the vestibular aqueduct is normal in size.",0
Right-sided enlarged vestibular aqueduct.,1
"COMPARISON: MRI of the head dated [**Date**]  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
"A myringotomy tube is present, with a slightly retracted tympanic membrane.",1
Bilateral myringotomy tubes with slight retraction of the left tympanic membrane.,1
There is a myringotomy tube in the lower half of the tympanic membrane.,1
There is a subtle linear lucency surrounding the cochlea.,1
There is mild narrowing of the medial aspect of the porous acousticus of the internal auditory canal.,1
The ossicles are dysplastic.,1
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, and vestibule are unremarkable.",0
"The apical, the middle and basilar turns of the cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"There is a linear lucency surrounding the cochlea, more pronounced than on the right.",1
The vestibular aqueduct is highly enlarged measuring approximately 4mm wide.,1
The mastoid air cells are poorly-pneumatized bilaterally.,1
Enlarged left vestibular aqueduct.,1
"Dysplastic left ossicles, thickened left tympanic membrane, small left middle ear cavity.",1
"Dysplastic left ossicles, thickened left tympanic membrane, small left middle ear cavity.",1
"Linear lucency surrounding both cochlea,more pronounced on the left side.",1
Poorly-pneumatized mastoid air cells bilaterally.,1
"The cochlear nerve is not well visualized, and the left cochlear aperture (fossette) appears quite stenotic.",1
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are otherwise grossly unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are otherwise grossly unremarkable.",0
"The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are otherwise grossly unremarkable.",0
"The left cochlear aperture (fossette) appears very stenotic, and the left cochlear nerve is not seen.",1
Normal appearance of right inner ear structures and vestibulo-cochlear nerves.,0
A myringotomy tube is seen laterally in the external canal and attached to the roof of the external canal.,1
There seems to be incomplete partitioning between the middle and apical turns of the cochlea as they are not well seen.,1
"The vestibular aqueduct is enlarged compared to the right, with a diameter approximately 1.5 mm.",1
The left vestibule looks minimally larger than the right.,1
Laterally positioned right myringotomy tube in the external canal and attached to the roof.,1
Large left vestibular aqueduct.,1
There seems to be incomplete partitioning between the middle and apical turns of the cochlea bilaterally.,1
Minimally larger left vestibule compared to right.,1
"The left cochlea is minimally smaller than the right, possibly within the limits of normal variation.",0
The cochlea is otherwise unremarkable.,0
"Slight asymmetry in size of the cochlea, with the left minimally smaller than the right; this may be within the limits of normal variation.",0
"The images are motion degraded, but there is a bulbous appearance of the apical turn of the cochlea consistent with a mild degree of cochlear dysplasia.",1
Semicircular canals and vestibule are unremarkable.,0
Semicircular canals and vestibule are unremarkable.,0
The tympanic membrane is minimally thickened and there is a myringotomy tube.,1
Mildly enlarged right vestibular aqueduct with mild degree of cochlear dysplasia on the right.,1
Mildly enlarged right vestibular aqueduct with mild degree of cochlear dysplasia on the right.,1
Left myringotomy tube with minimally thickened tympanic membrane.,1
The right internal auditory canal is narrowed in the AP direction.,1
No nerve is visualized entering the cochlea.,1
"No nerve is identified entering into the cochlea, suggesting absence or severe hypoplasia of the cochlear nerve.",1
"An tympanostomy tube is in place, and there is minimal thickening of the tympanic membrane.",1
"The left tympanostomy tube is not located at the tympanic membrane, and lies more laterally in the external auditory canal.",1
"The left tympanostomy tube is not located at the tympanic membrane, and lies more laterally in the external auditory canal.",1
Minimal debris is noted in the EAC also.,1
"Dislodgment of the left tympanostomy tube, which lies in the external auditory canal.",1
The right cochlear nerve is absent.,1
The facial and vestibular nerves are seen and appear normal.,0
IMPRESSION:  Absent right cochlear nerve.,1
Coronal and sagittal oblique reconstructions through the internal auditory canals were perforemed on an independent workstation.,1
Cochlear nerves present bilaterally.,0
No cochlear aperture stenosis.,0
COMPARISON:  None  FINDINGS:  TEMPORAL BONE:  The external auditory canals are patent.,0
The vestibulo-cochlear nerves are seen although the right intracanalicular portion appears smaller.,1
The cochlea has abnormal morphology with one turn on the right and zero turns visualized on the left.,1
Both vestibules also have abnormal morphology.,1
The lateral semicircular canals are not fully formed and are abnormally dilated in the proximal portions.,1
Both vestibular aqueducts are markedly enlarged.,1
"On the left side, the incus is abnormal with marked hypoplasia of its long process.",1
The stapes appears  abnormal in shape.,1
The incus and stapes do not articulate.,1
The incus and stapes do not articulate.,1
The hypoplastic long process is very short and this results in a wide gap between it and the stapes.,1
Abnormal left incus and stapes with lack of incudostapedial articulation.,1
Abnormal left incus and stapes with lack of incudostapedial articulation.,1
"While the cochlea has normal appearance, there is cystic dilation of the vestibules and apparent absence of the posterior and lateral semicircular canals.",1
"While the cochlea has normal appearance, there is cystic dilation of the vestibules and apparent absence of the posterior and lateral semicircular canals.",1
The superior semicircular canal is dysmorphic and takes an abbreviated course.,1
IMPRESSION: Bilateral cystic dilation of the vestibules with compromise of the semicircular canals.,1
IMPRESSION: Bilateral cystic dilation of the vestibules with compromise of the semicircular canals.,1
"COMPARISON:  CT of the temporal bones performed immediately prior to the MRI  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
There is cystic dilation of the vestibule with compromise of the semicircular canals.,1
There is cystic dilation of the vestibule with compromise of the semicircular canals.,1
"Specifically, only a superior semicircular canal is discretely seen and with abbreviated course.",1
"Specifically, only a superior semicircular canal is seen and with abbreviated course.",1
There is apparent partial fusion of the head of the malleus and body of the incus.,1
There is apparent partial fusion of the head of the malleus and body of the incus.,1
The cochlea is somewhat small and dysmorphic.,1
The semicircular canals are mildly prominent.,1
"The mastoid air cells are poor pneumatized, bilaterally.",1
"Slightly small, mildly dysmorphic right cochlea.",1
"Apparent partial fusion of the right malleus and incus, as detailed.",1
"Apparent partial fusion of the right malleus and incus, as detailed.",1
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  On the right side, there is a small amount of debris in the external auditory canal, but it is patent.",1
"On the left side, the external auditory canal is patent, with minimal debris within.",0
The tympanic membrane is thickened along its entire length.,1
The scutum is sharp and not eroded.,0
Ossicles are normal.,0
"The inner auditory canal is patulous bilaterally, normal variant.",0
It The vestibular aqueduct is not enlarged.,0
Bilateral cochlea nerves are present.,0
There is incomplete partitioning between the middle and apical turns of the cochlea and the modiolus is not well visualized.,1
The vestibule is slightly large.,1
There is incomplete partitioning of the middle and apical turns of the cochlea and the modiolus is not well visualized.,1
The vestibule is slightly bulbous.,1
The mastoid air cells are well-pneumatized and clear bilaterally.,0
"IMPRESSION:  There is enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct, incomplete partitioning of the middle and apical turns of the cochlea, and slightly prominent vestibules.",1
"IMPRESSION:  There is enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct, incomplete partitioning of the middle and apical turns of the cochlea, and slightly prominent vestibules.",1
"IMPRESSION:  There is enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct, incomplete partitioning of the middle and apical turns of the cochlea, and slightly prominent vestibules.",1
"On the right side, the vestibular aqueduct and endolymphatic sac are enlarged.",1
"On the left side, the vestibular aqueduct and endolymphatic sac are enlarged, to a lesser extent than on the right.",1
"IMPRESSION:  Bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueducts and endolymphatic sacs, right larger than left.",1
The left mastoid air cells and left middle ear cavity are clear.,0
"On the right side, the external auditory canal is absent and is ossified.",1
There is dysmorphic features to the middle ear ossicles with adhesion to the bony plate.,1
Left middle ear and mastoid disease.,1
"On the right side, the vestibular aqueduct/endolymphatic sac is enlarged.",1
"On the left side, the vestibular aqueduct is not enlarged.",0
Enlargement of right-sided vestibular aqueduct/endolymphatic sac.,1
There is fusion of the head of the malleus to the anterior wall of the epitympanum.,1
IMPRESSION:  Bilateral fusion of the head of the malleus with the anterior epitympanic wall.,1
"COMPARISON: Temporal bone MRI [**Date**]  FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
"FINDINGS:  On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent, with a small amount of debris within.",0
"On the left side, the external auditory canal is patent, with a small amount of debris within.",0
The cochlear nerve is normal in size.,0
The cochlear aperture is not narrowed.,0
"The cochlear aperture is not narrowed.The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The cochlear aperture is not narrowed.The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
"The cochlear aperture is not narrowed.The inner ear structures, including the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea are unremarkable.",0
The mastoid air-cells are unremarkable.,0
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  On the right side, a small, amorphous soft tissue density in the external auditory canal likely represents cerumen.",1
"Otherwise, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
"However, there is the suggestion that the tympanic membrane is retracted.",1
"COMPARISON: None  FINDINGS:  On the right side, there is minimal debris in the the external auditory canal, probably cerumen.",1
"The visualized osseous structures, middle ear cavities and right mastoid air cells are unremarkable.",0
The left mastoid air cells are poorly pneumatized.,1
The mastoid air cells are underpneumatized.,1
The vestibulo-cochlear nerves appear grossly normal.,0
"The resolution is technically inferior to that which can be achieved with a 3 Tesla MR system, particularly for evaluating the integrity of the cochlear nerves.",0
"COMPARISON: CT Brain [**Date**]  FINDINGS:  TEMPORAL BONES: On the right side, the external auditory canal is patent.",0
The tympanic membrane is retracted.,1
The tympanic membrane is mildly retracted.,1
The tympanic membrane mildly retracted.,1
The left mastoid air cells and middle ear cavity is clear.,0
The middle ears and mastoid air cells are clear.,0
There has been resolution of the right middle ear and mastoid air cell disease.,1
There is thickening of the tympanic membrane with soft tissue which extends laterally along the walls of the external canal.,1
There is thickening of the tympanic membrane with soft tissue which extends laterally along the walls of the external canal.,1
"The incus and malleus are present but appear slightly small, irregular and decreased in density.",1
"The incus and malleus are present but appear slightly small, irregular and decreased in density.",1
The stapes is not definitely visualized.,0
The vestibule and semicircular canals are unremarkable.,0
The vestibule and semicircular canals are unremarkable.,0
Evaluation of the cochlea demonstrates sclerosis around the apical turn with diminished visualization of the internal structure.,1
The vestibular aqueduct is prominent and equal in size to the posterior semicircular canal.,0
The incus and malleus are unremarkable.,0
The incus and malleus are unremarkable.,0
The vestibular aqueduct is enlarged measuring 1.7 mm.,1
There is demineralization of the ossicles on the right.,1
Neither stapes is visualized.,0
Poor visualization of the apical turn and internal architecture of the right cochlea.,1
"Bilateral vestibular aqueduct enlargement, worse on the left than the right.",1
Thickened right tympanic membrane with extension of soft tissue into the external auditory canal.,1