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README.md

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-license: mit
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+# Wikipedia Culture Dataset (`nDNA/WikiCulture`)
+
+## Overview
+
+This dataset provides coarse-grained geographic culture labels for English Wikipedia articles, mapped into eight buckets:
+
+* **NA**: North America
+* **EU**: Europe
+* **AU**: Oceania (UN M49 “Oceania”)
+* **AS**: Asia (excluding Western Asia and Greater China)
+* **CH**: Greater China (CN, HK, MO, TW)
+* **AF**: Africa
+* **LA**: Latin America & Caribbean (Americas excluding Northern America)
+* **ME**: Middle East (UN M49 “Western Asia”)
+
+The labels are intended for controlled sampling and stratified analysis of Wikipedia content by broad region. They are not intended as fine-grained cultural or ethnographic ground truth.
+
+## Data Sources
+
+The dataset is constructed from three public components:
+
+1. **UN M49** country/area regional classification (UN Statistics Division), used to generate a deterministic mapping from ISO3166-1 alpha-2 codes to the eight buckets.
+2. **Wikipedia Cultural Diversity** dataset, used as the article-level signal source (including per-article ISO country code and Wikidata-derived fields) [https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7039514].
+3. **`wikimedia/wikipedia` (Hugging Face dataset)**, used to attach the full article text via a join.
+
+## Labeling Methodology
+
+### 1) Deterministic ISO2 → bucket mapping (UN M49)
+
+An ISO3166-1 alpha-2 code is mapped to one of the eight buckets using UN M49 region/subregion fields:
+
+* **EU** if UN M49 Region = *Europe*
+* **AF** if Region = *Africa*
+* **AU** if Region = *Oceania*
+* **ME** if Sub-region = *Western Asia*
+* **NA** if Region = *Americas* and Sub-region = *Northern America*
+* **LA** if Region = *Americas* and not Northern America
+* **CH** if ISO2 ∈ {CN, HK, MO, TW} (Taiwan forced to CH)
+* **AS** if Region = *Asia* and not Western Asia and not CH
+
+This mapping is deterministic and versioned.
+
+### 2) Geo label assignment from CCC
+
+Each article in the CCC dump provides `iso3166` (ISO3166-1 alpha-2). The primary label is:
+
+**culture_geo = bucket(iso3166)**
+
+Rows with missing `iso3166` or unmapped ISO2 are excluded.
+
+### 3) High-precision consistency filtering
+
+To increase label precision and remove cross-regional or ambiguous items, an additional consistency check is applied using CCC’s Wikidata-derived columns:
+
+* `country_wd`
+* `location_wd`
+
+**Offline QID → ISO2 bootstrap.**
+Because no online Wikidata queries are used, we construct a bootstrapped mapping from QID to ISO2 by taking the most frequent `iso3166` observed for each `qitem` in the CCC dump.
+
+**Evidence extraction.**
+For each article, QIDs are parsed from `country_wd` and `location_wd`, mapped to ISO2 using the bootstrapped table, then converted to bucket sets via the UN M49 mapping.
+
+**Hard-strong inclusion rule.**
+An article is retained as *high-precision* if:
+
+* It has at least one non-empty evidence set from `country_wd` or `location_wd`, and
+* If `location_wd` evidence is present, it must equal `{culture_geo}` exactly; otherwise,
+* `country_wd` evidence must equal `{culture_geo}` exactly.
+
+This rule is deliberately discard-heavy.
+
+### 4) Middle East retention exception
+
+In the CCC snapshot used, many ME-labeled rows have empty evidence after offline QID resolution (coverage limitations of the bootstrapped mapping). To avoid eliminating nearly all ME-labeled examples, a restricted exception is applied:
+
+* If `culture_geo == "ME"` and both evidence sets are empty, the row is retained (geo-only).
+
+## Attaching Wikipedia Text (`wikimedia/wikipedia` join)
+
+The final dataset includes the full article text by merging the filtered labeled table with the Hugging Face dataset **`wikimedia/wikipedia`**.
+
+* A **left inner join** is performed on the article identifier:
+
+  * CCC / labeled table: `page_id`
+  * `wikimedia/wikipedia`: `id`
+
+Only rows that match across both sources are included in the released dataset, ensuring every labeled example has associated article text.
+
+## Dataset Fields
+
+Each row contains:
+
+* `page_title` (string): Wikipedia article title (from CCC / Wikipedia metadata)
+* `Qid` (string): Wikidata QID (`qitem`)
+* `culture_geo` (string): one of `{NA, EU, AU, AS, CH, AF, LA, ME}`
+* `text` (string): The article text (from `wikimedia/wikipedia`)
+
+## Intended Use
+
+This dataset is suitable for:
+
+* constructing geographically stratified Wikipedia subsets,
+* controlled pretraining mixtures or evaluation subsets by region,
+* studying representation and performance disparities across broad regions.
+
+It is not suitable for:
+
+* fine-grained cultural identity claims,
+* country-level ground truth without additional validation,
+* resolving inherently transnational or multi-regional topics (which are preferentially excluded by design).
+
+## Limitations
+
+* Labels are coarse and operationalize “culture” as broad geography.
+* The strict filter excludes many global and transnational pages.
+* The offline QID→ISO2 bootstrap is a heuristic and may miss QIDs not well-represented in the CCC rows.
+* The Middle East geo-only exception yields a subset with weaker evidence than the hard-strong subset, but is retained to mitigate coverage loss under offline constraints.
+* The final dataset includes only articles present in both the labeled CCC-derived table and `wikimedia/wikipedia` after the `page_id` ↔ `id` join.
+
+## Reproducibility
+
+The pipeline is deterministic given:
+
+* the UN M49 table snapshot used,
+* the CCC dump snapshot used,
+* the fixed mapping rules and filtering rule described above,
+* the `wikimedia/wikipedia` snapshot/config used for the text join.
+
+## Licensing and Attribution
+
+This dataset is derived from Wikipedia-related resources and UN statistical classifications. Users should comply with the licensing and attribution requirements of:
+
+* Wikipedia content (CC BY-SA and related terms),
+* the CCC dataset’s licensing/terms,
+* UN M49 documentation and terms where applicable.
+
+## Citation
+
+If you use this dataset, cite:
+
+* the CCC dataset (Wikipedia Cultural Diversity / Cultural Context Content) and associated publication,
+* UN M49 (UN Statistics Division),
+* the `wikimedia/wikipedia` Hugging Face dataset,
+* this dataset repository (`nDNA/WikiCulture`).
+
+
+---
+license: mit
+---