dataset
string
id
string
question
string
choices
list
rationale
string
answer
string
subject
string
medmcqa
medmcqa_10835
All of the following are complications in a pregnant woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease except ______
[ "Preterm labour", "Thrombophilia", "Post term delivery", "Eclampsia" ]
Post term delivery is not a complication in a pregnant patient with SLE. Complications in a pregnant patient with SLE include: Thrombophilia Pre term labour Hypeension, Eclampsia and Pre eclampsia Anemia Stroke Thrombocytopenia Renal failure Ref: Williams Obstetrics 25th edition Pgno: 1141
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6914
Prolapsed interveebral disc (PID) is most common at: September 2012
[ "C2-C3", "T10-T11", "L2-L3", "L4-L5" ]
Ans. D i.e. L4-L5
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21430
True about Bacteria is
[ "Mitochondria are always absent", "Sterols are always present in cell wall", "Divide by binary fission", "Can be seen only under electron microscope" ]
Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms so they don't have mitochondria but instead they'll be having mesosomes. Ref: anantnarayan and panikers 10 th edition
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47278
All of the following are causes of death in burns patient except
[ "ARDS", "Shock", "Sepsis", "Hyperkalemia" ]
Causes of death in burns Shock Sepsis ARDS Multiple organ failure
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46097
What is present in the pa of the bone which received radiotherapy-
[ "Response to radiotherapy is good", "Fast healing", "More destruction of bone", "Tumour regression is not affected" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., More destruction of bone o Infection and radiation, both cause bone destruction and predispose to pathological fracture.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1926
Time period between primary case and secondary case is known as?
[ "Generation time", "Serial interval", "Secondary attack rate", "Incubation period" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Serial interval.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_42001
Sliding constituent of a large direct hernia is :
[ "Bladder", "Sigmoid colon", "Caecum", "Appendix" ]
Sigmoid colon and Caecum slide into indirect sac not in direct sac.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5584
Which vitamin is most likely to be deficient in patients on treatment with isoniazid :
[ "Vitamin B1", "Vitamin B2", "Vitamin B6", "Vitamin B12" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14034
All of the following are found in the posterior triangle of the neck except one. Which one is the exception?
[ "External jugular vein.", "Subclavian vein.", "Hypoglossal nerve.", "Phrenic nerve." ]
The hypoglossal (CN XII) nerve is not found in the posterior triangle; it is, however, present in the  submandibular triangle.  Contents of the posterior triangle include the external jugular and subclavian vein and their tributaries, the subclavian artery and its branches, branches of the cervical plexus, CN  XI, nerv...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_42262
Percentage of para-para isomer in DDT is ?
[ "20-30%", "40-50%", "60-70%", "70-80%" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 70-80% o DDT is an amorphous white powder. o Para-para isomer is the most active fraction ---> contains 70-80% of para-para isomers.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8729
Cidofovir is-
[ "Antiviral", "Antifungal", "Antihelmenthic", "Antibacterial" ]
Ans. is 'a' AntiviralCidofoviro It is an antiviral drug.o It is a monophosphate nucleotide analog of cytidine which inhibits most DNA viruses including HSV, CMV, pox and adenoviruses.o It is used for the treatment of CMV retinitis.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_597
Which is therapeutic indication of keratoplasty:
[ "Keratoconus", "Perforated corneal ulcer", "Myopia", "hypermetropia" ]
Perforated corneal ulcer Indication of penetrating keratoplasty Therapeutic - replaces inflamed cornea and maintains structural integrity of the eye ball Perforated corneal ulcer Optical - improve vision, opacity, bullous keratopathy ,advanced keratoconus
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44251
In treatment of papillary carcinoma thyroid, radioiodine destroys the neoplastic cells predominantly by:
[ "X-rays", "ri rays", "7 rays", "a paicles" ]
Ans. ri rays
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48441
Investigation of choice for vascular ring around airway:
[ "PET", "CT", "MRI", "Catheter directed angiography" ]
Ans.CT
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22518
The facial space that is divided by styloid process into an anterior and posterior compartment is
[ "Pterygomandibular", "Lateral pharyngeal", "Retropharyngeal", "Infratemporal" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20401
Occupational Lung Disease commonly seen in Textile Industry Workers is:
[ "Byssinosis", "Bagassosis", "Farmer's Lung", "Asbestosis" ]
Answer is A (Byssinosis) Occupational Lung Disease in Textile Industry Workers (Cotton industry) Byssinosis is an asthma-like condition caused by inhalation of cotton fiber dust over prolonged period of time. Workers occupationally exposed to cotton dust (but also to flax, hemp or jute dust) in the production of yarns ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47542
GVHD -
[ "Associated with solid organ transplantation", "Graft must contains immunocompitant T-cell", "It is seen in immunosupressed persons", "All" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Associated with solid organ transplantation; 'b' i.e., Graft must contains immunocompetant T-cell; 'c' i.e., It is seen in immunosupressed persons
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34374
A 2-month-old boy is evaluated for failure to thrive. As the pediatrician examined the child, she witnesses a seizure. Physical examination is remarkable for hepatomegaly, a finding later confirmed by CT scan, which also reveals renomegaly. Serum chemistries demonstrate severe hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, lactic acido...
[ "Gaucher's disease", "McArdle's disease", "Niemann-Pick disease", "Von Gierke's disease" ]
Von Gierke's disease is a glycogen storage disease caused by a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase. It typically presents with neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, lactic acidosis, and ketosis. Failure to thrive is common in early life; convulsions may occur due to profound hypoglycemia. The glycogen accumulation in ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51891
A 52-year-old man has suffered with chronic diarrhea for several years, but has refused to see a doctor. He finally comes because he is having trouble driving at night, because of difficulty seeing. Physical examination reveals a slender, pale, unwell-looking man. He has a microcytic anemia, slight elevation in the INR...
[ "malabsorption", "osmotic diarrhea", "secretory diarrhea", "inflammatory bowel disease" ]
His night blindness suggests vitamin A deficiency, which is more likely to occur with malabsorption. His anemia and general appearance are compatible with chronic inflammatory bowel disease as well, but the clinical and biochemical features of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency (in this case vitamin A, D, and K) suggest ma...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14477
Culture medium used for streptococcus pneumoniae
[ "Human blood agar", "Sheep blood agar", "MacConkey's agar", "Deoxycholate agar" ]
Sheep blood agar
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2000
A 25 years old female complains of recurrent rhinitis, nasal discharge and bilateral nasal blockage since one year. She has the history of asthma and allergy. On examination, multiple ethmoidal polyps are noted with mucosal thickening and impacted secretions in both the nasal cavities. A biopsy is taken and the materia...
[ "Aspergillus fumigatus", "Rhizopus", "Mucor", "Candida" ]
Aspergillus shows typical dichotomous branching at an angle of approximately 45degrees. Candida shows pseudohyphae. Rhizopus and mucor shows nonseptate hyphae. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Baveja; 4th edition
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31365
Drug of choice for fungal corneal ulcer:
[ "Nystatin", "Caspofungin", "Natamycin", "Amphotericin" ]
Natamycin is a topical antifungal which is the drug of choice for fungal corneal ulcer. Other topical antifungals : Nystatin, Clotrimazole, Tolnaftate, Ciclopirox
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_11014
Gases dissolved in molten metals are liberated when cooled giving rise to:
[ "Suckback porosity", "Gas inclusion porosity", "Localized shrinkage porosity", "Microporosity" ]
Both pinhole and gas inclusion porosities are related to the entrapment of gas during solidification. Both are characterized by a spherical contour but are decidedly different in size.  The gas inclusion porosities are usually much larger than pinhole porosity. Many metals dissolve or occlude gases while they are molte...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_23976
Which of the following is true about Mantle dentin
[ "1st formed dentin just beneath DEJ", "Calcified by matrix vesicles", "Both", "None" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39405
The complications of irrigating fluid used in TURP are all except -
[ "Water intoxication", "Hyperammonemia", "Hyperthermia", "Hyperglycemia" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hyperthermia Feature of TURP Syndromeo Water intoxicationo Hyponatriemiao Hyperammonemia (if glycine is used)o Hyperglycemiao Hypothermiao DIC (late stages)
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43349
Which of the following statements is false regarding overdentures
[ "Biting force and neuromuscular control of patients is better than complete denture patients", "Stability and retention are enhanced", "Requires simple oral hygiene procedures", "Gives immense psychological support to the patient" ]
Scrupulous hygiene accompanied by biannual professional monitoring is mandatory to ensure continued abutment health.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12868
Patient present with severe energy deficiency. Which of the following vitamin might be deficient in this patient?
[ "Pyridoxine", "Riboflavin", "Thiamin", "Folic acid" ]
The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and a-ketoglutarate, which plays a key role in energy metabolism of most cells, is paicularly impoant in tissues of the nervous system. In thiamine deficiency, the activity of these two dehydrogenase-catalyzed reactions is decreased, resulting in a decreased production of ATP a...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28163
Fetal cardiac activity is detected with Trans vaginal USG as early as?
[ "6 weeks", "8 weeks", "10 weeks.", "12 weeks" ]
ANSWER: (A) 6weeksREF: USG in Obstetrics & Gynecology by Callen 4ch edition page 119-120Fetal cardiac activity is detected as early asWith Transvaginal USG6 weeks of gestational ageWith Transabdominal USG8 weeks of gestational age
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40395
True about the teratogenicity of a drug is all except:
[ "Characteristic set of malformations indicating selectivity for certain target organs is seen", "Heparin is highly teratogenic drug", "Related to the dose of the teratogenic drug", "Affects specifically at a particular phase of development of the fetus" ]
Teratogenjcity is the development of characteristic set of malformations by the use of a drug during pregnancy. Different drugs have specificity for a particular phase of development of fetus. The risk of teratogenesis is dose dependent. Heparin cannot cross the placenta and is thus safe during pregnancy.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_36794
Streptococcus all are true except :
[ "Streptodornase cleaves DNA", "Streptolysin 0 is active in reduced state", "Streptokinase is produced from serotype A,C,K", "Pyrogenic toxin A is plasmid mediated" ]
Pyrogenic exotoxin Most strains of streptococcus pyogenes produce one or more toxins that are called pyrogenic exotoxins because of their ability to induce fever. Three types of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins have been identified, i.e. A, B, and C. - "The genes of SPE "A" and SPE 'C' are transmitted between the stra...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22708
A systematic observation and recording of activities of one or more individuals at random interval is done in -
[ "System analysis", "Network analysis", "Work sampling", "Input-output analysis" ]
A network analysis is a graphical plan of all events and activities to be completed inorder to reach an end objective.It brings greater discipline in planning.Two common types of network techniques are PE CPM(refer pgno:872 park 23 rd edition)
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13791
Multiple painful ulcers with inguinal lymphadenopathy. Diagnosis is?
[ "Syphilis", "Chancroid", "LGV", "Donovanosis" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Chancroid* Chancaroid characteristically present with multiple painful ulcers with no or soft induration with painful suppurative inguinal lymphadenopathy.* They have undermined, sloughed erythematous edges & bleed easily.Characteristics of various different types of genital ulcersi) Primary syphilis (...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21616
Sign of activity in chronic iridocyclitis is:
[ "Aqueous cells", "Aqueous flare", "Pigmented KPs", "All of the above" ]
Ans. Aqueous cells
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3537
Which one of the following is the major determinant of plasma osmolality -
[ "Serum sodium", "Serum potassium", "Blood glucose", "Blood urea nitrogen" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Serum sodium o Plasma osmolality = 2 (sodium + potassium)+BUN2.8+Blood sugar18
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53101
Most common cause of Acute epiglottis is
[ "Respiratory Syncytial Virus", "Parainfluenza virus", "Hemophilius influenza A", "Hemophilius influenza B" ]
Most common cause of Acute epiglottis is Hemophilius influenza B
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_18927
Most common manifestation of increased intracranial pressure in a patient with head injury: UPSC 07
[ "Change in the level of consciousness", "Ipsilateral pupillary dilatation", "Retching and vomiting", "Bradycardia" ]
Ans. Change in the level of consciousness
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17844
All are true regarding early postcibal syndrome Except
[ "Distention of abdomen", "Managed conservatively", "Hypermotility of intestine is common", "Surgery is usually indicated" ]
Most of the cases of post-cibal or dumping syndrome can be managed by dietary management or medications (anticholinergic agents, antidiarrhoeal, octreotide). Only a small percentage of patients need surgery. Ref : Schwaz 9/e p942
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_42290
Commonest type of seizure in newborn –
[ "Clonic", "Tonic", "Subtle", "Myoclonic" ]
Most common type of seizures is newborn are subtle seizures and they constitute 50% of all seizures. They are called subtle seizures because the clinical manifestations are often mild and frequently missed. Subtle seizures are usually mild paroxysmal alterations in motor behavior or autonomic function that are not c...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32275
Sentinel node biopsy for Ca breast is for
[ "Early diagnosis of cancer", "For staging the tumours", "Frozen section", "Occult disease detection" ]
*Sentinel lymph nodes: Lymph nodes where the lymphatics drain first from a primary tumorSentinel lymph node biopsy can be identified by radiotracer or colored dyes. If the sentinel node is negative for metastasis, it is unlikely that other more distant nodes will be involved and the patient can be spared the morbidity ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2692
Specific term used for granulomatous inflammation of superior orbital fissure is
[ "Cavernous sinus thrombosis", "Tolosa Hunt Syndrome", "Pseudotumor", "Grave's Ophthalmopathy" ]
Tolosa Hunt Syndrome Specific term used for granulomatous inflammation of superior orbital fissure Painful Ophthalmoplegia Present as either Superior Orbital fissure syndrome/ Orbital apex syndrome Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome Retro orbital Pain Sensory disturbances in ophthalmic division of 5th nerve Ipsilateral ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12942
Steakhouse syndrome or intermittent food impaction is due to which of the following anomaly?
[ "Schatzki ring", "Felin esophagus", "Achalasia cardia", "Esophageal carcinoma" ]
Esophageal rings : distal rings are usually associated with episodic solid food dysphagia and are called Schatzki rings. Patients typically present older than 40 years, consistent with an acquired rather than congenital origin. Schatzki ring causes intermittent food impaction, also known as steakhouse syndrome. Symptom...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31939
The egg which of the following parasites consist of polar filaments arising from either end of the ambrophore?
[ "Taenia saginata", "Taenia solium", "Echinococcus granulosus", "Hymenolepis nana" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., H. nana . Egg of H. nana - Spherical or oval - Two distinct membrane, (a) outer membrane (b) inner embryophore - Polar filaments emanating from little knobs at either end of embryophore. - Floats in saturated solution of common salt.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_37010
In acoustic neuroma, cranial nerve to be involved earliest is
[ "5", "7", "9", "10" ]
The earliest cranial nerve to be involved is V nerve causing reduced corneal sensitivity. Ref: Textbook of diseases of ENT, PL Dhingra, 7th edition, pg no. 125
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16865
The mechanism of action of Rivaroxaban, used in the treatment of heparin induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome is:
[ "Direct factor Xa inhibitor", "Activated factor VIIa", "Vitamin K antagonist", "None of the above" ]
Rivaroxaban is the first orally active Factor Xa inhibitor. Useful in Heparin induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome. Ref: Harrisons principles of internal medicine, 18th edition, Page 2737
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29164
The coagulation profile in a 13 - year old girl with Menorrhagia having von Willebrands disease is -
[ "Isolated prolonged PTT with a normal PT", "Isolated prolonged PT with a normal PTT", "Prolongation of both PT and PTT", "Prolongation of thrombin time" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7209
Gingivitis is initiated most frequently by:
[ "Pregnancy", "Malocclusion", "Vitamin deficiency", "Local irritating factors" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_15805
Interstitial nephritis is seen in all except.
[ "Diuretics", "Beta lactams", "Allopurinol", "Isoniazid" ]
Ans. (B) Beta lactams style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif">(Ref: )Drugs causing interstitial nephritis areAntibiotics: Cephalosporins, penicillins, ciprofloxacin, ethambutol, isoniazid, macrolides, rifampicin,Sulfonamides, tetracyclines and vancomycin.All NSAIDs.Diuretics: T...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22927
1730. A nine month old boy of Sindhl parents presented to you with complaints of progressive lethargy, Irritability & pallor since 6 months of age. Examination revealed severe pallor. Investigation showed Hb-3.8 mg%; MCV-58fl; MCH-19.4 pg/ cell. Blood film shows osmotic fragility Is normal (target cells and normoblasts...
[ "Iron deficiency anemia", "Acute lymphoblastic anemia", "Hemoglobin D disease", "Hereditary spherocytosis" ]
<p>In iron deficiency anemia ,hemoglobin will be mild to moderate but occasionally it may be marked(less than 6g/dL). In peripheral smear,microcytic hypochromic red cells are seen;target cells ,polychromatic cells, normoblasts are seen.MCV will be less than 80fl & MCH less than 27pg. The marrow hypercellularity is incr...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48099
The right gastroepiploic aery is a branch of
[ "Right Hepatic aery", "Gastroduodenal aery", "Hepatic aery", "Superior mesenteric aery" ]
Right gastroepiploic aery, a branch of gastroduodenal supplies the greater curvature of the stomach. Ref: BD Chaurasia; Volume 3; 6th edition; Page no: 252
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_41756
Clinical feature of minimal change glomerulonephritis are all except -
[ "Hypeension", "Edema", "Non Selective proteinuria", "Fever" ]
Minimal change disease -clinical features are Abrupt onset of edema Severe Hypoalbuminemia selective proteinuria -urine predominantly contains albumin with minimal amounts of higher molecular weight protiens. Less common clinical features include-hypeension ,microscopic hematuria ,atopic or allergic symptoms and decrea...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34338
Most reabsorption out of
[ "Glucose", "Urea", "Na+", "HCO3" ]
Glucose is maximumly reabsorbed in normal condition.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th edition; page no; 682
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12863
Total etch technique is:
[ "Fourth generation", "Fifth generation", "Sixth generation", "Seventh generation" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_11952
Suprarenal gland develops from -
[ "Metanephros", "Ureteric bud", "Neural crest", "Endodem" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Neural crest o Suprarenal (adrenal) gland consists two part :Superficial cortex : Derived from coelomic epithelium (mesodermal).Deepar medulla : Derived from neural crest (ectodermal).
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50837
Which is the MOST common biochemical abnormality seen in congenital pyloric stenosis?
[ "Hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis", "Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis", "Hyperkalemic metabolic alkalosis", "Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis" ]
Neonates with congenital pyloric stenosis develop projectile postprandial vomiting between 2 and 4 weeks of age but may sta as late as 12 weeks. Due to this vomiting they develop hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. Congenital pyloric stenosis is more commonly found in males. Projectile vomiting occurring in ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4947
False about brown pigment stones
[ "Associated with disorders of biliary motility and associated bacterial infection", "More common in Caucasians", "Soft and eahy in texture", "High content of cholesterol and calcium palmitate" ]
Brown pigment stones are common in Asians not Caucasians Pigmentes stones Black stones Black stones are composed of insoluble bilirubin pigment polymer mixed with calcium phosphate and calcium bicarbonate Predisposing factors Hemolytic disorders (Heriditary spherocytosis, sickle cell anemia) Mechanical prosthetic hea v...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47686
Corpus luteum stas regressing after how many days of ovulation
[ "5 days", "10 days", "15 days", "20 days" ]
A corpus luteum is a mass of cells that forms in an ovary and is responsible for the production of the hormone progesterone during early pregnancy. The role of the corpus luteum depends on whether or not feilization occurs Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:637,638,639
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4763
The Most common presentation of multiple sclerosis
[ "Sensory loss", "Vertigo", "Pain", "Epilepsy" ]
(A) Sensory loss # Initial symptoms of MSSYMPTOM%SYMPTOM OF CASES%* Sensory loss37* Lhermitte3* Optic neuritis36* Pain3* Weakness35* Dementia2* Paresthesias24* Visual loss2* Diplopia15* Facial palsy1* Ataxia11* Impotence1* Vertigo6* Myokymia1* Paroxysmal attacks4* Epilepsy1* Bladder4* Falling1
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34218
Endotoxin causes -
[ "Diarrhea", "Muscle damage", "Septic shock", "None" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2963
Eruption of Deciduous Mandibular Central incisor occur at
[ "8-9 months", "6-7 months", "19-20 months", "15-16 months" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43290
A term born 6-month-old, lethargic blonde infant, presented with multiple episodes of vomiting, poor feeding, convulsions and severe psychomotor retardation. O/E: - Microcephaly with prominent maxillae and widely spaced teeth Blue iris Seborrheic or eczematoid rash Spasticity, hyperreflexia, and tremor Musty odour of u...
[ "May be caused due to the deficiency of cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin BH4", "Tandem mass spectrometry is useful in the diagnosis.", "The complications can't be prevented by restricting the use of the involved amino acid in diet.", "Pegvaliase can be given in adults suffering from this." ]
This is a case of Phenylketonuria. Autosomal recessive Deficiency of Phenylalanine hydroxylase May also be due to deficiency of cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin BH4 Leads to hyperphenylalaninemia - Impairs brain development Normal at bih Becomes symptomatic later on in life Present with seizures, hypopigmentation of skin a...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28360
Which of the following strategy has been recommended to reduce the heredity risk for ovarian cancer in women with BRCA -1 and BRCA-2 mutations :
[ "Use of oral contraceptive pills", "Screening with transvaginal ultrasound", "Sreening with CA -125", "Prophylactic oophorectomy" ]
- women with strong family history of BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutations have high chance of developing ovarian cancer. - they are advised to undergo genetic testing for mutations of these genes. - in such women who are positive for such genes and have completed their family is advised to have prophylactic bilateral salpingo ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47603
Failure of migration of neural crest cells is seen in?
[ "Albinism", "Congenital megacolon", "Odontomes", "Adrenal tumour" ]
B i.e. Congenital Megacolon
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22420
Adult human who are awake with mind wanderingand the eyes closed. Most likely EEG pattern is
[ "Alpha - rhythm", "Beta rhythm", "Theta rhythm", "Delta waves" ]
(Alpha - rhythm) (194 - 95- Ganong22nd) (836. K.S (233- Ganong 23rd)* Alpha rhythm - awake, at rest mind wandering and the eye closed, 8-12 Hz frequency, 50-100 mv amplitude* Beta rhythm - 18-30Hz, lower amplitude* Gamma - oscillations - at 30- 80 Hz* Theta rhythm - larger amplitude , regular 4-7 Hz waves* Delta waves ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_36800
In acute congestive glaucoma, best prophylaxis for the other eye is:
[ "Laser Iridotomy", "Topical steroids", "Trabeculectomy", "Surgical peripheral Iridectomy" ]
Ans. (a) Laser Iridotomy\Ref.: A.K. Khurana 6th ed. 1247-48* Please refer to above explanation* Treatment of choice for primary angle closure glaucoma (fellow eye, latent stage, subacute or intermittent stage , chronic stage) is laser iridotomy* Peripheral surgical iridectomy can also be used.* In acute congestive stag...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4072
All the following metabolic may cause recurrent abdominal pain, except
[ "Acute intermittent prophyria", "Addison's disease", "Hypercalcemia", "Hyperkalemia" ]
Acute intermittent porphyria, which causes abdominal pain and neurologic symptoms, is the most common acute porphyria. ... Symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal or back pain, weakness in arms or legs, and mental symptoms. Laboratory tests are done on urine samples taken during the attack. Addison's disease, the defi...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_26265
Subendothelial deposits in glomerulus are characteristically seen in:
[ "Lupus nephritis", "IgA nephropathy", "post infectious nephritis", "Goodpasture disease" ]
Ans: A (Lupus nephritis) Ref: Robbins and Cotran, 'Pathologic Basis of Disease 8th Edition, Elsevier, 2011, Pg 918Explanation:Subepithelial DepositsPost infectious Glomerulonephritis (Lumpy bumpy deposits)Membranous GlomerulopathySubendothelial DepositsMembranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type 1Lupus nephrit...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4963
Ophthalmic change initially seen in DM:
[ "Microaneurysm", "Hard exudates", "Cotton wool exudates", "Neovoscularization" ]
A i.e. Microaneurysm
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27610
Smita is a case of infertility. What is the right time in her menstrual cycle to do endometrial biopsy:
[ "12 -14 days", "17 -19 days", "20 - 22 days", "3 - 5 days" ]
Endometrial biopsy should be taken in premenstrual phase 1 – 2 days before the onset of menstruation Endometrial Biopsy • OPD procedure for hormonal evaluation in case of infertility / DUB/TB. • Usually performed in pre–menstrual phase from the lateral wall of vagina. • Interpretation: Presence of secretory endometrium...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28249
Which of the following are Not seen in Kwashiorkor ?
[ "Apathy", "Flaky paint dermatosis", "Baggy paint appearance", "Increased transaminase" ]
.Kwashiorkor is a form of acute malnutrition that most commonly occurs in children. This condition is extremely serious and results from such severe protein deficiencies that a child experiences edema or swelling. Other terms for kwashiorkor include: protein pitting Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition Nut...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3328
Which one of the following drugs is antipseudomonal penicillin?
[ "Cephalexin", "Cloxacillin", "Piperacillin", "Dicloxacillin" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53502
Dendritic ulcer is produced by
[ "Pneumococcus", "Herpes zoster virus", "Gonococcus", "Herpes simplex virus" ]
Epithelial Herpes simplex Virus keratitis - Symptoms Redness Pain Photophobia Tearing Decreased vision Signs Three distinct patterns of epithelial keratitis seen are : punctate Epithelial keratitis dendritic ulcer geographical ulcer Ref;A.K.Khurana; 6th edition; Page no:108 REF IMG
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29800
In case of IVC obstruction the collaterals which open up are all except
[ "Superior epigastric & inferior epigastric vein", "Azygos & ascending lumbar vein", "Superficial epigastric & iliolumbar vein", "Lateral thoracic veins & preveebral vein" ]
Superficial epigastric pain drains into great saphenous vein.Iliolumbar vein drains into internal iliac vein,so these two do not form collateral between SVC & IVC as both of them will be ultimately drained into IVC.All other choices form collaterals between SVC & IVC. Ref: Chapter 8. The Chest: Chest Wall, Pulmonary, a...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40466
Hatters shake are seen in poisoning with?
[ "Mercury", "Lead", "Arsenic", "Copper" ]
Chronic poisoning * Also called as hydrargyrism, mercurialism * Excessive salivation (Ptyalism, Sialorrhea) * Metallic taste * Anorexia * Insomnia * Headache * Gingivitis * Halitosis * Blue line on gums * Lassitude * Visual blurring * Concentric constriction of visual field (tunnel vision) * Mercuria lentis - opacities...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35468
What is electrical storm?
[ "> 3 episodes of ventricular tachycardia within 24 hours", "> 3 episodes of atrial tachycardia within 24 hours", "Electromechanical dissociation", "Electrical alternans" ]
Electrical storm: Condition in which patient develops recurrent V. tachycardia. Cut off >3 episodes of V.T within 24 hrs. Option C: Electromechanical Dissociation: Terminology used to describe rupture hea which causes pulseless BP|| Option D: Electrical alternans- Variations in QRS amplitude in conditions - C. tamponad...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5738
In rabies, Negri bodies can be detected in: March 2013
[ "Cornea", "Saliva", "Skin", "Neuron" ]
Ans. D i.e. Neuron The most characteristic pathologic finding of rabies in the CNS is the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions called 'negri bodies' within neurons. Negri bodies are distributed throughout the brain, paicularly in Ammon's horn, the cerebral coex, the brainstem, the hypothalamus, the Purkinje cells of the...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7068
Ovulation is seen after how many hours of the 'Peak' of the 'Up stroke' in this diagram here :
[ "0-6 hours", "10-12 hours", "12-24 hours", "24-36 hours" ]
From the onset of the LH surge, it takes 34-36 hours and from the peak it takes 10-12 hours to ovulate. The midcycle LH surge is responsible for a dramatic increase in local concentrations of prostaglandins and proteolytic enzymes in the follicle. These substances progressively weaken the follicular wall and ultimately...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35633
Dissociative anaesthesia is seen on administration of :
[ "Ether", "Halothane", "Enflurane", "Ketamine" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49392
Helium is used along with oxygen instead of plain oxygen because
[ "It increases the absorption of oxygen", "It decreases turbulence", "It decreases the dead space", "For analgesia" ]
Helium is used because it decreases the turbulence.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17723
Forage determination of 21-year-old female, a site for X-ray done -
[ "Elbow and shoulder", "Wrist", "Hip and knee", "Ischial tuberosity and clavicle" ]
The following data is used for radiologically age determination
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_18354
Dennie Morgan fold is seen in
[ "Ear", "Eye lid", "Mouth", "Pharynx" ]
Dennie's line (Denny morgan fold) is an extra fold of skin beneath lower eyelid. It is characteristic of atopic dermatitis. It can simply be an ethnic/genetic trait,but was found in one study to occur in 25% of patients with atopic dermatitis.The presence of Dennie-Morgan folds can be used as a diagnostic marker for al...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21267
Features seen in hemolytic anemia are all except:
[ "Tear drop and Burr cells", "Haptoglobin", "Reticulocytosis", "Hemoglobinuria" ]
Answer is A (Tear drop cells are Burr cells) Tear drop cells and Burr cells are not characteristic of hemolytic anemias. Decreased levels of haptagobin, Reticulocytosis and haemoglobinuria are characteristic features of hemolytic anemia. Burr cells and Tear Drop cells- 'Pathology of Bone marrow and Blood cells (2004)' ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_416
Single unit smooth muscles are seen in
[ "Iris", "Ductus deferens", "Ureter", "Trachea" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31368
Which type of trophoblstic disease has worst prognosis?
[ "Post partum", "After spontaneous abortion", "After ectopic pregnancy", "Hydatid mole" ]
ANSWER: (A) Post partumREF: COGDT 10th edp. 892WHO Scoring System based on prognostic factors ScorePrognostic Factors0124Age (years)<39>39 Antecedent PregnancyHydatidiform MoleAbortionTerm--interval*44-67-1212hCG (IU/1)<103103-104104-105>105ABO groups female x male--O x AAx OBAB--Largest tumour including uterine tumour...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50846
The following statements about thyroglossal cyst are true, except
[ "Frequent cause of anterior midline neck masses in the first decade of life", "The cyst is located within 2 cm of the midline", "Incision and drainage is the treatment of choice", "The swelling moves upwards on protrusion of tongue" ]
Thyroglossal cysts are the most common cause of midline neck masses. Can occur anywhere along the path of the thyroglossal duct, from the base of the tongue to the suprasternal notch (in the midline) Treatment must include excision of the whole thyroglossal tract, which involves removal of the body of the hyoid bone an...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39584
A 17 year old primigravida asks you what to expect during her pregnancy. You tell her that normally during pregnancy:
[ "Blood volume increases", "Hematocrit Increases", "Respiratory Title Volume Decreases", "Pulmonary functional residual capacity increases" ]
During pregnancy many physiological changes take place in a mother's body. Maternal blood volume increases up to 40% due to elevated testosterone and estrogen levels. Bone marrow production of erythrocytes also increases, but does not keep up with the plasma volume expansion, resulting in a decrease in hematocrit (phys...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32437
Primary atypical pneumonia is caused by all of the following organisms, EXCEPT:
[ "Coxiella burnetii", "Influenza", "Measles", "Mumps virus" ]
Primary atypical pneumonia is not a known complication of mumps. Clinical manifestations of mumps includes parotitis, epididymoorchitis, aseptic meningitis and mumps pancreatitis. Myocarditis and endocardial fibroelastosis are rare and self-limited severe complications. Other unusual complications include thyroiditis, ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39694
Proteins provide _______ Kcal energy per gram
[ "2", "4", "6", "9" ]
Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal of energy per gram. Proteins provide 4 kcal energy per gram. Fats provide 9 kcal of energy per gram. Reference: Paediatrics; O.P Ghai; 8th edition; Page no: 88,89
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29043
Blood gas measurements of a patient shows the following values pH 7.2, pCO2 80 mm Hg, p02 46 mm Hg. Which of the following could be the most probable diagnosis:
[ "Acute asthma", "Acute exacerbation of COPD", "ARDS", "Severe pneumonia" ]
Answer is B (Acute exacerbation of COPD): The patient in question is presenting with type II Respiratory failure (Decreased PaO2 and increased PaCO2) which indicates an obstructive lung disease. Amongst the options provided Asthma and COPD, both are examples of obstructive lung diseases. Obstructive lung disease with e...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33515
Giant cells seen
[ "Osteoclastoma", "Chondroblastoma", "Chordoma", "Osteitis fibrosa cystisca" ]
Giant cell tumors of bone also known as osteoclastomas are relatively common bone tumors, usually benign which are arising from metaphsis and typically extending into epiphysis of the long bones. Young adults of ages 20-40 are more prone to these conditions. In a x ray we can find soap bubble appearance . >aicles > REF...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43978
Mammography can be best used in?
[ "Early breast carcinoma", "Mastitis", "Fibroadenoma", "Phylloides tumor" ]
Ans. a (Early breast carcinoma). (Grainger, Diagnostic Radiology, 4th/pg.2245)Indications for mammography# Screening asymptomatic women aged 50 years and over# Screening asymptomatic women aged 35 years and over who have a high risk of developing breast cancer:- women who have one or more first degree relatives who hav...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6529
Corneal epithelium is embryologically derived from:
[ "Neural crest", "Ectoderm", "Mesoderm", "Endoderm" ]
Ectoderm
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5714
A 7-year-old boy with a high fever is brought to the pediatrician. During physical examination the patient complains of pain in his ear. His throat appears red and inflamed, confirming the diagnosis of pharyngitis. Which of the following structures provided a pathway for the infection to spread to the tympanic cavity (...
[ "Choanae", "Internal acoustic meatus", "External acoustic meatus", "Pharyngotympanic tube" ]
The pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube connects the middle ear and the nasopharynx and is the conduit for spreading infections. The choanae are the openings between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx, but they are not involved in spreading infection. The internal and external auditory meatuses are not directly associ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_19473
In which of the following cardiac structure is middle cardiac vein located?
[ "Anterior AV groove", "Posterior AV groove", "Anterior interventricular sulcus", "Posterior interventricular sulcus" ]
Posterior interventricular vein or middle cardiac vein runs in the posterior interventricular sulcus and may drain into the right atrium or into the coronary sinus.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51187
Renal aery stenosis is not associated with: March 2009
[ "Marfan's syndrome", "atherosclerosis", "polyaeritis nodosa", "takayasu aeritis" ]
Ans. A: Marfan's syndrome The most common cause of renal aery stenosis is an atheromatous plaque. Marfan Syndrome: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a spectrum of disorders caused by a heritable genetic defect of connective tissue that has an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. The defect itself has been isolated to the FB...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24193
Which of the following is a component of rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia?
[ "Mandatory pre-oxygenation", "Sellick's maneuver is not required", "Suxamethonium is contraindicated", "Patient is mechanically ventilated before endotracheal intubation" ]
Rapid sequence induction(RSI) is a technique of choice in the establishment of a secure airway in the emergency depament. The process is broken into six phases which is to be carried out in order. They are pre oxygenation, preparation, pre medication, paralysis and sedation, passage of tube and post intubation care. Pr...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2885
Regarding Ganser's syndrome true is
[ "Repeated lying", "Approximate answers", "Unconscious episodes", "Malingering" ]
B i.e. Approximate answers
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_37648
The fusion of two bony structures with a ligament is known as
[ "Synostosis", "Synchondrosis", "Diarthrosis", "Syndesmosis" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20494
Nerve of 6`b arch is ?
[ "Trigeminal", "Facial", "Trigeminal", "Vagus" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., VagusPharyngeal archNerve (Mandibular) arch Trigeminal nerve (V2 and V3) 2nd (hyoid) archFacial nerve (VII) 3rd arch Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) 4th archVagus nerve (X) through superior laryngeal nerve 6'h archVagus nerve (X) through recurrent laryngeal nerve
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12473
The exact part of the antigen that reacts with the immune system is called as:
[ "Clone", "Epitope", "Idiotope", "Effector" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Epitope(Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 88 and 7th/e, p. 81; Harrison, 18th/e, p. 2673 and 17th/e, p. 2036)* The part of the antibody or T cell receptor that interact with the epitope.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2464
Small cystic lesions in the lenticular nucleus, thalamus, and internal capsule are most closely associated with
[ "Hypeension", "Embolism", "A demyelinating disease", "A genetic disease" ]
Small cystic lesions in the lenticular nucleus, thalamus, and internal capsule are most closely associated with lacunar infarctions, which are most commonly secondary to hypeension. They account for 20% of all strokes. The small aerioles supplying these areas are branches of the middle cerebral aery. They exhibit aerio...
A
null