pmcid string | abstract string | text string | metadata dict |
|---|---|---|---|
PMC176546 | The origin of Borneo's elephants is controversial. Two competing hypotheses argue that they are either indigenous, tracing back to the Pleistocene, or were introduced, descending from elephants imported in the 16th–18th centuries. Taxonomically, they have either been classified as a unique subspecies or placed under th... | # Introduction
Elephants have a very limited distribution in Borneo, being restricted to approximately 5% of the island in the extreme northeast [FIG_REF]. There are no historical records of elephants outside of this range. Fossil evidence for the prehistoric presence of elephants on Borneo is limited to a single spec... | {
"pmid": "12929206",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0000006",
"article_title": "DNA Analysis Indicates That Asian Elephants Are Native to Borneo and Are Therefore a High Priority for Conservation",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2003-08-18 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Prithiviraj Fernando",
"T... |
PMC193605 | The rapid increase in published genomic sequences for bacteria presents the first opportunity to reconstruct evolutionary events on the scale of entire genomes. However, extensive lateral gene transfer (LGT) may thwart this goal by preventing the establishment of organismal relationships based on individual gene phylog... | # Introduction
The availability of complete sequences of genomes for clusters of related organisms presents the first opportunity to reconstruct events of genomic evolution. By comparing related genomes and inferring ancestral ones, we can identify events, such as specific chromosomal rearrangements, gene acquisitions... | {
"pmid": "12975657",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0000019",
"article_title": "From Gene Trees to Organismal Phylogeny in Prokaryotes:The Case of the γ-Proteobacteria",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2003-09-15 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Emmanuelle Lerat",
"Vincent Daubin",
"Nancy A Mor... |
PMC212319 | # Background
Phospholipase D (PLD) is involved in many signaling pathways. In most systems, the activity of PLD is primarily regulated by the members of the ADP-Ribosylation Factor (ARF) family of GTPases, but the mechanism of activation of PLD and ARF by extracellular signals has not been fully established. Here we t... | # Background
Small GTPases of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family play a major role in membrane trafficking in eukaryotic cells [CIT_REF]. ARF activation is facilitated by specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (ARF-GEFs). Several ARF-GEFs have been identified, varying in size, structure and subcellular dis... | {
"pmid": "12969509",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2121-4-13",
"article_title": "The Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor ARNO mediates the activation of ARF and phospholipase D by insulin",
"journal_title": "BMC Cell Biology",
"epub": "2003-09-11 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Hai-Sheng Li",
"Kuntala Shome",
"... |
PMC212692 | RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) is a method to inhibit gene function by introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Recently, an RNAi library was constructed that consists of bacterial clones expressing dsRNA, corresponding to nearly 90% of the 19,427 predicted genes of C. elegans. Feeding of this RNAi library to the... | # Introduction
RNA interference (RNAi) is targeted gene silencing via double-stranded RNA (dsRNA); a gene is inactivated by specific breakdown of the mRNA [CIT_REF]. It is an ideal method for rapid identification of in vivo gene function. Initial studies on RNAi used microinjection to deliver dsRNA [CIT_REF], but it w... | {
"pmid": "14551910",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0000012",
"article_title": "Genome-Wide RNAi of C. elegans Using the Hypersensitive rrf-3 Strain Reveals Novel Gene Functions",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2003-10-13 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Femke Simmer",
"Celine Moorman",
"Alexa... |
PMC212699 | Symbiotic relationships between bacteria and insect hosts are common. Although the bacterial endosymbionts have been subjected to intense investigation, little is known of the host cells in which they reside, the bacteriocytes. We have studied the development and evolution of aphid bacteriocytes, the host cells that co... | # Introduction
Endosymbiosis is common in insects, with more than 10% of insect species relying upon intracellular bacteria for their development and survival [CIT_REF]. Full genome sequencing of the endosymbiotic bacteria, Buchnera aphidicola, of several species of aphids has revealed extensive gene loss [CIT_REF], b... | {
"pmid": "14551917",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0000021",
"article_title": "Developmental Origin and Evolution of Bacteriocytes in the Aphid– Buchnera Symbiosis",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2003-10-13 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Christian Braendle",
"Toru Miura",
"Ryan Bickel",
... |
PMC300881 | The JAMM (JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzyme) motif in Rpn11 and Csn5 underlies isopeptidase activities intrinsic to the proteasome and signalosome, respectively. We show here that the archaebacterial protein AfJAMM possesses the key features of a zinc metalloprotease, yet with a distinct fold. The histidine and aspartic aci... | # Introduction
Many cellular proteins are degraded by the proteasome after they become covalently modified with a multiubiquitin chain. The 26S proteasome is a massive protein composed of a 20S core and two 19S regulatory particles [CIT_REF]. The 20S core can be subdivided into a dimer of heptameric rings of β subunit... | {
"pmid": "14737182",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020002",
"article_title": "JAMM: A Metalloprotease-Like Zinc Site in the Proteasome and Signalosome",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2003-11-24 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Xavier I Ambroggio",
"Douglas C Rees",
"Raymond J Deshaies"
],... |
PMC300882 | Comparing genomic properties of different organisms is of fundamental importance in the study of biological and evolutionary principles. Although differences among organisms are often attributed to differential gene expression, genome-wide comparative analysis thus far has been based primarily on genomic sequence infor... | # Introduction
Microarray experiments are now being used to address a large diversity of biological issues. The large datasets obtained by pooling those experiments together contain a wealth of biological information beyond the insights gained by individual measurements. For example, it was demonstrated that diverse d... | {
"pmid": "14737187",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020009",
"article_title": "Similarities and Differences in Genome-Wide Expression Data of Six Organisms",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2003-12-15 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Sven Bergmann",
"Jan Ihmels",
"Naama Barkai"
],
"article... |
PMC300883 | Spermatozoa are generated and mature within a germline syncytium. Differentiation of haploid syncytial spermatids into single motile sperm requires the encapsulation of each spermatid by an independent plasma membrane and the elimination of most sperm cytoplasm, a process known as individualization. Apoptosis is mediat... | # Introduction
Most, if not all, cells have the potential to carry out the apoptotic cell death program [CIT_REF]. Key players in this process are caspase family proteases. Apical caspases are activated through interactions with adapter molecules in response to death signals arising from cellular compartments such as ... | {
"pmid": "14737191",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020015",
"article_title": "Multiple Apoptotic Caspase Cascades Are Required in Nonapoptotic Roles for Drosophila Spermatid Individualization",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2003-12-15 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Jun R Huh",
"Stephanie Y Ve... |
PMC314300 | Cancer invasion and metastasis have been likened to wound healing gone awry. Despite parallels in cellular behavior between cancer progression and wound healing, the molecular relationships between these two processes and their prognostic implications are unclear. In this study, based on gene expression profiles of fib... | # Introduction
Since the classic observations of the many histologic similarities between the tumor microenvironment and normal wound healing, it has been proposed that tumor stroma is “normal wound healing gone awry” [CIT_REF]. During normal wound healing, coagulation of extravasated blood initiates a complex cascade... | {
"pmid": "14737219",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020007",
"article_title": "Gene Expression Signature of Fibroblast Serum Response Predicts Human Cancer Progression: Similarities between Tumors and Wounds",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-01-13 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Howard Y Chang",... |
PMC314464 | Liver infection is an obligatory step in malarial transmission, but it remains unclear how the sporozoites gain access to the hepatocytes, which are separated from the circulatory system by the liver sinusoidal cell layer. We found that a novel microneme protein, named sporozoite microneme protein essential for cell tr... | # Introduction
Malaria is one of the most devastating infectious diseases in the world, killing more than 1 million people per year. Malaria is transmitted by bites of infected mosquitoes that inject sporozoites under the skin. The first obligatory step for these parasites to establish infection in humans is migration... | {
"pmid": "14737184",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020004",
"article_title": "Cell-Passage Activity Is Required for the Malarial Parasite to Cross the Liver Sinusoidal Cell Layer",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-01-20 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Tomoko Ishino",
"Kazuhiko Yano",
"Ya... |
PMC314465 | Olfactory receptor (OR) genes constitute the molecular basis for the sense of smell and are encoded by the largest gene family in mammalian genomes. Previous studies suggested that the proportion of pseudogenes in the OR gene family is significantly larger in humans than in other apes and significantly larger in apes t... | # Introduction
Olfactory receptor (OR) genes provide the basis for the sense of smell [CIT_REF] and, with more than 1,000 genes, comprise the largest gene superfamily in mammalian genomes [CIT_REF]. OR genes are organized in clusters [CIT_REF] and in humans are found on every chromosome save the Y and 20 [CIT_REF]. On... | {
"pmid": "14737185",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020005",
"article_title": "Loss of Olfactory Receptor Genes Coincides with the Acquisition of Full Trichromatic Vision in Primates",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-01-20 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Yoav Gilad",
"Victor Wiebe",
"Mol... |
PMC314472 | The single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein replication protein A (RPA) is essential for both DNA replication and recombination. Chromatin immunoprecipitation techniques were used to visualize the kinetics and extent of RPA binding following induction of a double-strand break (DSB) and during its repair by homologo... | # Introduction
Repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination involves the search for homology to locate an intact donor sequence. The search is successful when the broken DNA molecule basepairs with the homologous template, termed synapsis, and forms strand invasion intermediates of recombination. ... | {
"pmid": "14737196",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020021",
"article_title": "Role of Saccharomyces Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein RPA in the Strand Invasion Step of Double-Strand Break Repair",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-01-20 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Xuan Wang",
"James E ... |
PMC314474 | The discovery of experience-dependent brain reactivation during both slow-wave (SW) and rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep led to the notion that the consolidation of recently acquired memory traces requires neural replay during sleep. To date, however, several observations continue to undermine this hypothesis. To address... | # Introduction
Sleep is important for the consolidation of newly acquired memories [CIT_REF]. The discovery of experience-dependent neuronal reactivation during sleep [CIT_REF] corroborated the notion that novel memory traces, after successful encoding, must be replayed in their supporting neuronal networks until syna... | {
"pmid": "14737198",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020024",
"article_title": "Long-Lasting Novelty-Induced Neuronal Reverberation during Slow-Wave Sleep in Multiple Forebrain Areas",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-01-20 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Sidarta Ribeiro",
"Damien Gervasoni",
... |
PMC338072 | The Wnt signaling pathway provides key information during development of vertebrates and invertebrates, and mutations in this pathway lead to various forms of cancer. Wnt binding to its receptor causes the stabilization and nuclear localization of β-catenin. Nuclear β-catenin then functions to activate transcription in... | # Introduction
The Wnt signal transduction pathway has been studied extensively in both vertebrate and invertebrate systems. The Drosophila ortholog wingless (wg) is a segment polarity gene that defines posterior cell fates in each of the larval segments (for a review of the various functions of Wg, see [CIT_REF]). Th... | {
"pmid": "15024404",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020095",
"article_title": "A Nuclear Function for Armadillo/β-Catenin",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-02-10 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Nicholas S Tolwinski",
"Eric Wieschaus"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"license_kind... |
PMC340937 | Progress in the fight against the HIV/AIDS epidemic is hindered by our failure to elucidate the precise reasons for the onset of immunodeficiency in HIV-1 infection. Increasing evidence suggests that elevated immune activation is associated with poor outcome in HIV-1 pathogenesis. However, the basis of this association... | # Introduction
During primary human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection, the immune system appears to respond appropriately in order to prevent viral spread, with the mounting of a strong HIV-specific CD8^{+}T-cell response and a corresponding reduction in viraemia [CIT_REF]. In common with the majority of pers... | {
"pmid": "14966528",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020020",
"article_title": "Immune Activation and CD8 + T-Cell Differentiation towards Senescence in HIV-1 Infection",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-02-17 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Laura Papagno",
"Celsa A Spina",
"Arnaud Marchan... |
PMC340944 | Advanced-stage peritoneal carcinomatosis is resistant to current chemotherapy treatment and, in the case of metastatic ovarian cancer, results in a devastating 15%–20% survival rate. Therapeutics that restore genes inactivated during oncogenesis are predicted to be more potent and specific than current therapies. Exper... | # Introduction
Most patients who succumb to cancer do so not from primary tumor burden, but from metastatic disease [CIT_REF]. For example, advanced-stage peritoneal carcinomatosis (e.g., from metastatic ovarian and breast cancer) and disseminated peritoneal lymphomas are often resistant to current chemotherapy treatm... | {
"pmid": "14966535",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020036",
"article_title": "Treatment of Terminal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis by a Transducible p53-Activating Peptide",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-02-17 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Eric L Snyder",
"Bryan R Meade",
"Cheryl C Saenz... |
PMC340948 | Many recent studies describe learning-related changes in sensory and motor areas, but few have directly probed for improvement in neuronal coding after learning. We used information theory to analyze single-cell activity from the primary motor cortex of monkeys, before and after learning a local rotational visuomotor t... | # Introduction
Practice can induce behavioral improvement that is often specific to the situation experienced during the practice sessions (or “training”). Such findings suggest that changes occur in neurons with fine selectivity (or “tuning”) for the stimuli experienced or the movements made during training. In the v... | {
"pmid": "14966539",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020045",
"article_title": "Learning-Induced Improvement in Encoding and Decoding of Specific Movement Directions by Neurons in the Primary Motor Cortex",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-02-17 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Rony Paz",
"Eilo... |
PMC350664 | Hundreds of microRNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been identified from both plants and animals, yet little is known about their biochemical modes of action or biological functions. Here we report that 2′ -O-methyl oligonucleotides can act as irreversible, stoichiometric inhibitors of sm... | # Introduction
The endoribonuclease Dicer produces two types of small regulatory RNAs that regulate gene expression: small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) [CIT_REF]. In animals, siRNAs direct target mRNA cleavage ([CIT_REF] b, [CIT_REF] c), whereas miRNAs block target mRNA translation [CIT_REF]. Recen... | {
"pmid": "15024405",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020098",
"article_title": "Sequence-Specific Inhibition of Small RNA Function",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-02-24 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"György Hutvágner",
"Martin J Simard",
"Craig C Mello",
"Phillip D Zamore"
],
"... |
PMC368157 | Divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1/DCT1/Nramp2) is the major Fe^{2+} transporter mediating cellular iron uptake in mammals. Phenotypic analyses of animals with spontaneous mutations in DMT1 indicate that it functions at two distinct sites, transporting dietary iron across the apical membrane of intestinal absorptive ce... | # Introduction
Spontaneous mutations in mice and rats have provided important information about mammalian iron homeostasis (reviewed in [CIT_REF]). Interestingly, three independent, autosomal recessive mutants have been shown to have the same amino acid substitution in a key iron transport molecule. Two strains of mut... | {
"pmid": "15024413",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020050",
"article_title": "A Spontaneous, Recurrent Mutation in Divalent Metal Transporter-1 Exposes a Calcium Entry Pathway",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-03-16 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Haoxing Xu",
"Jie Jin",
"Louis J DeFeli... |
PMC368159 | The retrieval of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from four Neandertal fossils from Germany, Russia, and Croatia has demonstrated that these individuals carried closely related mtDNAs that are not found among current humans. However, these results do not definitively resolve the question of a possible Neandertal con... | # Introduction
Despite intense research efforts, no consensus has been reached about the genetic relationship between early modern humans and archaic human forms such as the Neandertals. While supporters of “multiregional evolution” argue for genetic exchange or even continuity between archaic and modern humans [CIT_R... | {
"pmid": "15024415",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020057",
"article_title": "No Evidence of Neandertal mtDNA Contribution to Early Modern Humans",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-03-16 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"David Serre",
"André Langaney",
"Mario Chech",
"Maria Teschler-Ni... |
PMC368172 | Amphetamine (AMPH) elicits its behavioral effects by acting on the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) to induce DA efflux into the synaptic cleft. We previously demonstrated that a human DAT construct in which the first 22 amino acids were truncated was not phosphorylated by activation of protein kinase C, in contrast to ... | # Introduction
The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a critical role in the synaptic clearance of dopamine (DA) by mediating the reuptake of DA released into the presynaptic terminal [CIT_REF]. It thereby regulates the strength and duration of the dopaminergic response. DAT is also the site of action of several psycho-... | {
"pmid": "15024426",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020078",
"article_title": "N-Terminal Phosphorylation of the Dopamine Transporter Is Required for Amphetamine-Induced Efflux",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-03-16 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Habibeh Khoshbouei",
"Namita Sen",
"Bip... |
PMC374241 | Many proteins can misfold into β-sheet-rich, self-seeding polymers (amyloids). Prions are exceptional among such aggregates in that they are also infectious. In fungi, prions are not pathogenic but rather act as epigenetic regulators of cell physiology, providing a powerful model for studying the mechanism of prion rep... | # Introduction
The aggregation of misfolded proteins underlies a diverse range of human diseases, including sporadic amyloidoses such as Alzheimer's disease and hereditary neuropathies such as Huntington's disease [CIT_REF]. Prions are a special class of protein aggregates that replicate their conformation and spread ... | {
"pmid": "15045026",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020086",
"article_title": "Dissection and Design of Yeast Prions",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-03-23 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Lev Z Osherovich",
"Brian S Cox",
"Mick F Tuite",
"Jonathan S Weissman"
],
"article_type": ... |
PMC374243 | Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global reduction in cerebral cortical volume. The microcephalic brain has a volume comparable to that of early hominids, raising the possibility that some MCPH genes may have been evolutionary targets in the expansion of the cerebral cortex i... | # Introduction
The human brain, particularly the cerebral cortex, has undergone a dramatic increase in its volume during the course of primate evolution, but the underlying molecular mechanisms that caused this expansion are not known. One approach shedding light on the molecular mechanisms of brain evolution is the a... | {
"pmid": "15045028",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020126",
"article_title": "Accelerated Evolution of the ASPM Gene Controlling Brain Size Begins Prior to Human Brain Expansion",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-03-23 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Natalay Kouprina",
"Adam Pavlicek",
"... |
PMC385219 | How many genetic changes control the evolution of new traits in natural populations? Are the same genetic changes seen in cases of parallel evolution? Despite long-standing interest in these questions, they have been difficult to address, particularly in vertebrates. We have analyzed the genetic basis of natural variat... | # Introduction
The number and type of genetic changes that control morphological and physiological changes during vertebrate evolution are not yet known. The evolutionary history of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) provides an unusual opportunity to directly study the genetic architecture of adaptive d... | {
"pmid": "15069472",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020109",
"article_title": "The Genetic Architecture of Parallel Armor Plate Reduction in Threespine Sticklebacks",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-03-30 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Pamela F Colosimo",
"Catherine L Peichel",
"Kirsten... |
PMC387267 | Large and long-lasting cytosolic calcium surges in astrocytes have been described in cultured cells and acute slice preparations. The mechanisms that give rise to these calcium events have been extensively studied in vitro. However, their existence and functions in the intact brain are unknown. We have topically applie... | # Introduction
Astrocytes are nonneuronal cells of the brain with some known and hypothesized functions (Kettenmann and Ransom 1995; [CIT_REF]). Traditionally, astrocytes have been considered to mediate supportive and protective functions in the central nervous system because of their strategic placement relative to t... | {
"pmid": "15094801",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020096",
"article_title": "Calcium Dynamics of Cortical Astrocytic Networks In Vivo",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-04-13 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Hajime Hirase",
"Lifen Qian",
"Peter Barthó",
"György Buzsáki"
],
"artic... |
PMC387274 | Reports exist of transmission of culture in nonhuman primates. We examine this in a troop of savanna baboons studied since 1978. During the mid-1980s, half of the males died from tuberculosis; because of circumstances of the outbreak, it was more aggressive males who died, leaving a cohort of atypically unaggressive su... | # Introduction
A goal of primatology is to understand the enormous variability in primate social behavior. Early investigators examined interspecies differences, e.g., that pair-bonding is more common among arboreal than terrestrial primates [CIT_REF]. Attention has also focused on geographical differences in behavior... | {
"pmid": "15094808",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020106",
"article_title": "A Pacific Culture among Wild Baboons: Its Emergence and Transmission",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-04-13 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Robert M Sapolsky",
"Lisa J Share"
],
"article_type": "research-arti... |
PMC400249 | All organisms have elaborate mechanisms to control rates of protein production. However, protein production is also subject to stochastic fluctuations, or “noise.” Several recent studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli have investigated the relationship between transcription and translation rates and s... | # Introduction
Stochasticity is a ubiquitous characteristic of life. Such apparent randomness, or “noise,” can be observed in a wide range of organisms, resulting in phenomena ranging from progressive loss of cell-cycle synchronization in an initially synchronized population of microbes to the pattern of hair colorati... | {
"pmid": "15124029",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020137",
"article_title": "Noise Minimization in Eukaryotic Gene Expression",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-04-27 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Hunter B Fraser",
"Aaron E Hirsh",
"Guri Giaever",
"Jochen Kumm",
"Michael B Eis... |
PMC406388 | Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex (MRN) is essential to suppress the generation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) during DNA replication. MRN also plays a role in the response to DSBs created by DNA damage. Hypomorphic mutations in Mre11 (which causes an ataxia-telangiectasia-like disease [ATLD]) and mutations in the ataxia-telang... | # Introduction
Cellular response to DNA damage requires the coordinated activation of cell cycle checkpoints with DNA repair [CIT_REF]. Failure to block S-phase entry in response to damaged DNA or to repair the DNA leads to genomic instability, the hallmark of cancer cells. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particul... | {
"pmid": "15138496",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020110",
"article_title": "Mre11 Assembles Linear DNA Fragments into DNA Damage Signaling Complexes",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-05-11 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Vincenzo Costanzo",
"Tanya Paull",
"Max Gottesman",
"Jean Ga... |
PMC406393 | Microarray technologies allow the identification of large numbers of expression differences within and between species. Although environmental and physiological stimuli are clearly responsible for changes in the expression levels of many genes, it is not known whether the majority of changes of gene expression fixed du... | # Introduction
Advances in microarray technology have made the systematic study of expression levels of thousands of transcripts possible. This has been heralded as a major step forward in understanding the function of genomes, since transcript expression levels are expected to correlate with biological functions. Alt... | {
"pmid": "15138501",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020132",
"article_title": "A Neutral Model of Transcriptome Evolution",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-05-11 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Philipp Khaitovich",
"Gunter Weiss",
"Michael Lachmann",
"Ines Hellmann",
"Wolfgang En... |
PMC406397 | We have generated several hundred lines of zebrafish (Danio rerio), each heterozygous for a recessive embryonic lethal mutation. Since many tumor suppressor genes are recessive lethals, we screened our colony for lines that display early mortality and/or gross evidence of tumors. We identified 12 lines with elevated ca... | # Introduction
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has long been used as a model organism for the identification of genes required for early vertebrate development [CIT_REF]. There is reason to believe that the zebrafish can also be used in genetic screens to identify cancer genes. Zebrafish can live for 4–5 y [CIT_REF], and ... | {
"pmid": "15138505",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020139",
"article_title": "Many Ribosomal Protein Genes Are Cancer Genes in Zebrafish",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-05-11 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Adam Amsterdam",
"Kirsten C Sadler",
"Kevin Lai",
"Sarah Farrington",
... |
PMC423130 | Identifying the factors underlying the origin and maintenance of the latitudinal diversity gradient is a central problem in ecology, but no consensus has emerged on which processes might generate this broad pattern. Interestingly, the vast majority of studies exploring the gradient have focused on free-living organisms... | # Introduction
Generally, the number of plant and animal species declines as one moves away from the equator [CIT_REF]. This pattern, known as the latitudinal species diversity gradient, has been documented for many contemporary taxonomic groups (see [CIT_REF]). Over 30 hypotheses have been proposed to explain it [CIT... | {
"pmid": "15208708",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020141",
"article_title": "Ecology Drives the Worldwide Distribution of Human Diseases",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-06-15 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Vanina Guernier",
"Michael E Hochberg",
"Jean-François Guégan"
],
"articl... |
PMC423131 | Interspecific hybrid lethality and sterility are a consequence of divergent evolution between species and serve to maintain the discrete identities of species. The evolution of hybrid incompatibilities has been described in widely accepted models by Dobzhansky and Muller where lineage-specific functional divergence is ... | # Introduction
Reproductive isolation is the most commonly used criterion to define species. Hybrid incompatibilities (HIs) such as hybrid sterility and lethality are widely observed examples of reproductive isolation. The Dobzhansky-Muller (D-M) model explains how the genes causing deleterious phenotypes in hybrids c... | {
"pmid": "15208709",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020142",
"article_title": "Functional Divergence Caused by Ancient Positive Selection of a Drosophila Hybrid Incompatibility Locus",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-06-15 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Daniel A Barbash",
"Philip Awadalla",... |
PMC423135 | Recent experiments using sperm typing have demonstrated that, in several regions of the human genome, recombination does not occur uniformly but instead is concentrated in “hotspots” of 1–2 kb. Moreover, the crossover asymmetry observed in a subset of these has led to the suggestion that hotspots may be short-lived on ... | # Introduction
Recombination is a fundamental biological feature about which we still know remarkably little, especially in mammals. Understanding recombination is also of practical importance for evolutionary inference and human genetics [CIT_REF]. Unfortunately, the process is difficult to study, because recombinati... | {
"pmid": "15208713",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020155",
"article_title": "Absence of the TAP2 Human Recombination Hotspot in Chimpanzees",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-06-15 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Susan E Ptak",
"Amy D Roeder",
"Matthew Stephens",
"Yoav Gilad",
"... |
PMC423137 | In this study yeast mitochondria were used as a model system to apply, evaluate, and integrate different genomic approaches to define the proteins of an organelle. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry applied to purified mitochondria identified 546 proteins. By expression analysis and comparison to other proteome st... | # Introduction
About half of the expected mitochondrial proteins in humans are known to date, and already a fifth of these known proteins are associated with human Mendelian disorders (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/]; [CIT_REF]). Mitochondrial core functions such as oxidative ph... | {
"pmid": "15208715",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020160",
"article_title": "Integrative Analysis of the Mitochondrial Proteome in Yeast",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-06-15 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Holger Prokisch",
"Curt Scharfe",
"David G Camp",
"Wenzhong Xiao",
"L... |
PMC423141 | Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common pattern of renal injury, seen as both a primary disorder and as a consequence of underlying insults such as diabetes, HIV infection, and hypertension. Point mutations in theα-actinin-4 gene ACTN4 cause an autosomal dominant form of human FSGS. We characterized the b... | # Introduction
In humans, ACTN4 mutations cause a form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) [CIT_REF]. This lesion, which describes a pattern of injury characterized by regions of sclerosis in some renal glomeruli, is a common finding in kidney disease from a wide range of primary disorders, including HIV infe... | {
"pmid": "15208719",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020167",
"article_title": "α-Actinin-4-Mediated FSGS: An Inherited Kidney Disease Caused by an Aggregated and Rapidly Degraded Cytoskeletal Protein",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-06-15 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"June Yao",
"Tu Cam L... |
PMC434149 | Biological in vitro selection techniques, such as RNA aptamer methods and mRNA display, have proven to be powerful approaches for engineering molecules with novel functions. These techniques are based on iterative amplification of biopolymer libraries, interposed by selection for a desired functional property. Rare, pr... | # Introduction
Creation of molecular function represents a fundamental challenge. Nature accomplishes the task through evolution, iterating cycles of selection, amplification, and diversification. Multiple generations of selective pressure and reproduction transform a diverse population into one consisting only of mol... | {
"pmid": "15221028",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020174",
"article_title": "DNA Display II. Genetic Manipulation of Combinatorial Chemistry Libraries for Small-Molecule Evolution",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-06-22 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"David R Halpin",
"Pehr B Harbury"
],... |
PMC434150 | DNA-directed synthesis represents a powerful new tool for molecular discovery. Its ultimate utility, however, hinges upon the diversity of chemical reactions that can be executed in the presence of unprotected DNA. We present a solid-phase reaction format that makes possible the use of standard organic reaction conditi... | # Introduction
A number of strategies have been proposed recently to enable the in vitro selection and evolution of chemical libraries [CIT_REF]. These new approaches to molecular discovery rely upon DNA-directed synthesis, whereby a physical linkage is established between DNA “genes” and respective nonbiological synt... | {
"pmid": "15221029",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020175",
"article_title": "DNA Display III. Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis on Unprotected DNA",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-06-22 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"David R Halpin",
"Juanghae A Lee",
"S. Jarrett Wrenn",
"Pehr B Harb... |
PMC434153 | Evolutionary models predict that host immunity will shape the evolution of parasite virulence. While some assumptions of these models have been tested, the actual evolutionary outcome of immune selection on virulence has not. Using the mouse malaria model, Plasmodium chabaudi, we experimentally tested whether immune pr... | # Introduction
Genetic variation in pathogen virulence (harm to the host) has been found whenever it has been looked for. A considerable body of theory, based on the transmission consequences of virulence, has been developed to predict how natural selection will act on this genetic variation and how it will shape viru... | {
"pmid": "15221031",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020230",
"article_title": "Immunity Promotes Virulence Evolution in a Malaria Model",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-06-22 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Margaret J Mackinnon",
"Andrew F Read"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
... |
PMC439782 | Synaptotagmin is considered a calcium-dependent trigger for regulated exocytosis. We examined the role of synaptotagmin VII (Syt VII) in the calcium-dependent exocytosis of individual lysosomes in wild-type (WT) and Syt VII knockout (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) using total internal reflection fluorescence mi... | # Introduction
Exocytosis allows cells to transport membrane-impermeable macromolecules outside without compromising the integrity of the plasma membrane. The proteins that form the conserved machinery for constitutive and regulated exocytosis have been identified [CIT_REF], and calcium has been identified as the most... | {
"pmid": "15226824",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020233",
"article_title": "Synaptotagmin VII Restricts Fusion Pore Expansion during Lysosomal Exocytosis",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-06-29 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Jyoti K Jaiswal",
"Sabyasachi Chakrabarti",
"Norma W Andrew... |
PMC449784 | The Frizzled (Fz; called here Fz1) and Fz2 receptors have distinct signaling specificities activating either the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway or Fz/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling in Drosophila. The regulation of signaling specificity remains largely obscure. We show that Fz1 and Fz2 have different subcellular ... | # Introduction
Pattern formation in multicellular organisms relies on inductive signaling events. Several evolutionarily conserved ligand–receptor combinations and associated signal transduction pathways are used again and again during development to induce tissue-and cell-type-specific responses. Thus, context-depend... | {
"pmid": "15252441",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020158",
"article_title": "Subcellular Localization of Frizzled Receptors, Mediated by Their Cytoplasmic Tails, Regulates Signaling Pathway Specificity",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-07-13 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Jun Wu",
"Thomas... |
PMC449851 | Understanding why some species are at high risk of extinction, while others remain relatively safe, is central to the development of a predictive conservation science. Recent studies have shown that a species' extinction risk may be determined by two types of factors: intrinsic biological traits and exposure to externa... | # Introduction
Mammals have been severely affected by the current extinction crisis: around a quarter of extant species are considered to be threatened with extinction [CIT_REF]. Understanding the ecological processes that cause some species to decline, while others remain relatively safe, may help to predict future d... | {
"pmid": "15252445",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020197",
"article_title": "Human Population Density and Extinction Risk in the World's Carnivores",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-07-13 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Marcel Cardillo",
"Andy Purvis",
"Wes Sechrest",
"John L Gittl... |
PMC449855 | A T-cell subset, defined as CD4^{+}CD25^{hi} (regulatory T-cells [Treg cells]), was recently shown to suppress T-cell activation. We demonstrate that human Treg cells isolated from healthy donors express the HIV-coreceptor CCR5 and are highly susceptible to HIV infection and replication. Because Treg cells are present ... | # Introduction
There is now compelling evidence that a subset of T-cells with regulatory activity suppresses T-cell activation in both mice and humans [CIT_REF]. Regulatory T-cells (Treg cells) have been shown to inhibit various autoimmune and allergic diseases [CIT_REF], mediate transplantation and self-tolerance ([C... | {
"pmid": "15252446",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020198",
"article_title": "HIV Infection of Naturally Occurring and Genetically Reprogrammed Human Regulatory T-cells",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-07-13 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Kyra Oswald-Richter",
"Stacy M Grill",
"Nikki ... |
PMC449896 | Recent studies have shown that honeybees flying through short, narrow tunnels with visually textured walls perform waggle dances that indicate a much greater flight distance than that actually flown. These studies suggest that the bee's “odometer” is driven by the optic flow (image motion) that is experienced during fl... | # Introduction
When a scout honeybee discovers an attractive patch of flowers, she returns to the hive and performs the famous “waggle dance” to advertise the location of the food source to her nestmates [CIT_REF]. The dance consists of a series of alternating left-hand and right-hand loops, interspersed by a segment ... | {
"pmid": "15252454",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020211",
"article_title": "Honeybee Odometry: Performance in Varying Natural Terrain",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-07-13 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Juergen Tautz",
"Shaowu Zhang",
"Johannes Spaethe",
"Axel Brockmann",
"... |
PMC466958 | Recent progress in the development of synthetic polymer networks has enabled the next generation of hydrogel-based machines and devices. The ability to mimic the mechanical and electrical properties of human tissue gives great potential toward the fields of bioelectronics and soft robotics. However, fabricating hydroge... | # INTRODUCTION
Hydrogel machines and devices have begun to emerge at the forefront of bioelectronics and soft robotics, on account of their tissue-like mechanical and electrical properties [CIT_REF]. While conventional electronics use rigid metallic materials with electrons as charge carriers, hydrogel devices use sof... | {
"pmid": "39018406",
"doi": "10.1126/sciadv.adn5142",
"article_title": "Highly stretchable dynamic hydrogels for soft multilayer electronics",
"journal_title": "Science Advances",
"epub": null,
"authors": [
"Stephen J. K. O’Neill",
"Zehuan Huang",
"Xiaoyi Chen",
"Renata L. Sala",
"Jade ... |
PMC466997 | # Purpose
To cross-culturally adapt the Voice Quality of Life Profile (IVQLP) into Brazilian Portuguese (BP).
# Methods
The cross-cultural adaptation process was performed in five stages: translation of the IVQLP into BP by three native BP experts fluent in American English; preparation of a consensus version; back-... | # INTRODUCTION
Any difficulty or deviation in vocal emission that hinders the natural production of the voice can be called dysphonia^{[CIT_REF]}. The voice is multidimensional; therefore, dysphonia can impact various aspects of an individual's quality of life, including physical, functional, emotional, or cultural as... | {
"pmid": "38836821",
"doi": "10.1590/2317-1782/20232023023en",
"article_title": "Cross-cultural adaptation of the Iranian Voice Quality of Life Profile into Brazilian Portuguese",
"journal_title": "CoDAS",
"epub": null,
"authors": [
"Joyra da Silva Carrer",
"Fabiana Zambon",
"Ali Dehqan",
"... |
PMC466998 | # Objective
To describe and analyze auditory and academic complaints of students and employees of a federal public university.
# Methods
The study was carried out using a non-probabilistic. The EAPAC Scale with adaptations was used to fulfill the research objectives. It has 14 questions about complaints related to l... | # INTRODUCTION
Hearing puts individuals in contact with their environment and is highly relevant to the development of learning, as it allows them to analyze and understand auditory information in different contexts^{[CIT_REF]}.
Central auditory processing (CAP) encompasses a set of skills, such as identifying the la... | {
"pmid": "38896744",
"doi": "10.1590/2317-1782/20242023098en",
"article_title": "Auditory and academic skills self-perception in adults",
"journal_title": "CoDAS",
"epub": null,
"authors": [
"Bruna Stéfanie Pereira",
"Luciana Macedo de Resende",
"Luciana Cássia de Jesus",
"Andrezza Gonzalez... |
PMC466999 | # Purpose
To verify the influence of verbal intellectual-cognitive skills on speech perception in noise, in elderly with sensorineural hearing loss, considering education, age, and degree of hearing loss.
# Methods
36 elderly between 60 and 89 years old with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss participated in the s... | # INTRODUCTION
Age-related hearing loss is one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions in old age, resulting from the cumulative effects of aging on the auditory system^{[CIT_REF]}. The characteristics of age-related hearing loss are progressive, bilateral sensorineural type, symmetrical, and descending audiom... | {
"pmid": "38896743",
"doi": "10.1590/2317-1782/20242023094en",
"article_title": "Elderly people with hearing loss and cognitive decline: speech perception performance in noise",
"journal_title": "CoDAS",
"epub": null,
"authors": [
"Maria Julia Ferreira Cardoso",
"Kátia de Freitas Alvarenga",
"M... |
PMC467000 | # Purpose
To propose an instrument for assessing speech recognition in the presence of competing noise. To define its application strategy for use in clinical practice. To obtain evidence of criterion validity and present reference values.
# Methods
The study was conducted in three stages: Organization of the materi... | # INTRODUCTION
The basic audiological assessment consists of a battery of tests, including pure-tone audiometry, speech perception assessment and acoustic immittance measurements^{(} [CIT_REF] ^{)}. Although the results obtained through these tests are extremely important and indispensable for audiological diagnosis, ... | {
"pmid": "38836822",
"doi": "10.1590/2317-1782/20242023091en",
"article_title": "The word-with-noise test: development, validation and reference values",
"journal_title": "CoDAS",
"epub": null,
"authors": [
"Lidiéli Dalla Costa",
"Ana Valéria de Almeida Vaucher",
"Karina Carlesso Pagliarin",
... |
PMC467001 | # Purpose
To analyze the influence of ankyloglossia on the prevalence and duration of exclusive breastfeeding of full-term infants up to the sixth month of life.
# Methods
Prospective cohort study, carried out with 225 mother-infant dyads who were followed up in the first six months of life in a center specialized i... | # INTRODUCTION
Ankyloglossia is a congenital alteration characterized by the permanence of a fibrous tissue band, caused by the failure to loosen the tongue from the buccal floor, in which the apex of the tongue is attached to a marginal resection of the alveolar ridge^{[CIT_REF]}. Commonly called tongue-tie, ankylogl... | {
"pmid": "38922259",
"doi": "10.1590/2317-1782/20242023108en",
"article_title": "Influence of Neonatal Ankyloglossia on exclusive breastfeeding in the six first months of life: a cohort study",
"journal_title": "CoDAS",
"epub": null,
"authors": [
"Christyann Lima Campos Batista",
"Alex Luiz Pozzobo... |
PMC467046 | The involvement of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) is very significant. Currently, only symptomatic treatments exist, and there are no drugs that modify the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other NDs. Consequently, there is increasing attention on addressing AD-relat... | # Introduction
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) encompass a range of conditions marked by the gradual degeneration and impairment of the organization and function of the nervous system, predominantly impacting neurons. Typically, these diseases result in a slow deterioration of cognitive abilities, motor functions, a... | {
"pmid": null,
"doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32755",
"article_title": "Computational and spectroscopic insight into the binding of citral with human transferrin: Targeting neurodegenerative diseases",
"journal_title": "Heliyon",
"epub": "2024-06-08 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Anas Shamsi",
"Moyad Sh... |
PMC467066 | Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCF) effectiveness in practice decreases if the fabrication of the sensor becomes too complex. Keeping this in mind, we propose a one-of-a-kind wheel shaped PCF sensor with an exposed core containing only three air holes with exceptional sensing features. The sensor is equipped with dual plasmo... | # Introduction
SPR is a prominent analytical technique used in the investigation of interactivity between biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, RNA [CIT_REF], as well as interactions between molecules and surfaces. SPR relies on observing variances in the refractive index adjacent to the metal surface when molecules la... | {
"pmid": null,
"doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33224",
"article_title": "A unique wheel-shaped exposed core LSPR-PCF sensor for dual-peak sensing: Applications in the optical communication bands, M-IR region and biosensing",
"journal_title": "Heliyon",
"epub": "2024-06-18 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Moham... |
PMC467069 | This investigation portrays the phytochemical screening, green synthesis, characterization of Fe and Zn nanoparticles, their antibacterial, anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity, and anti-thrombolytic activities. Four dissimilar solvents such as, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol were used to prepare the extr... | # Introduction
Nanotechnology has lately emerged as one of the most important science due to technical improvement in a wide range of study fields, for example chemistry, biology, physics, material science, pharmacy, environment, and medicines [CIT_REF]. The utilization and control of matter in such a way that one of ... | {
"pmid": null,
"doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33327",
"article_title": "Green synthesis of Fe and Zn-NPs, phytochemistry and pharmacological evaluation of Phlomis cashmeriana Royle ex Benth",
"journal_title": "Heliyon",
"epub": "2024-06-22 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Amjad Hussain",
"Sajjad Azam",
... |
PMC467070 | Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of climatic conditions within a region is paramount for informed rural planning and decision-making processes, particularly in light of the prevailing challenges posed by climate change and variability. This study undertook an assessment of the spatial and temporal patterns of ... | # Introduction
Global climate change and unpredictability have exacerbated irregular rainfall in many places of the world [CIT_REF]. Rainfall plays an integral role in shaping the planet's climate and water cycle through hydrological, ecological, and biochemical mechanisms [CIT_REF]. Rising global temperatures directl... | {
"pmid": null,
"doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33235",
"article_title": "GIS-based spatio-temporal analysis of rainfall trends under climate change in different agro-ecological zones of Wolaita zone, south Ethiopia",
"journal_title": "Heliyon",
"epub": "2024-06-19 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Elias Bojago"... |
PMC467105 | This study refers to the intricate world of Acinetobacter baumannii, a resilient pathogenic bacterium notorious for its propensity at antibiotic resistance in nosocomial infections. Expanding upon previous findings that emphasised the bifunctional enzyme PaaY, revealing unexpected γ-carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, ou... | # Introduction
Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogenic microorganism that is widely recognised for its involvement in both hospital-acquired and community-based infections, especially those related to ventilator use, such as ventilator-associated pneumonia [CIT_REF]. The pathogen infamy is due to its exceptional genom... | {
"pmid": "39012078",
"doi": "10.1080/14756366.2024.2372731",
"article_title": "A comprehensive investigation of the anion inhibition profile of a β-carbonic anhydrase from Acinetobacter baumannii for crafting innovative antimicrobial treatments",
"journal_title": "Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Che... |
PMC467106 | # Purpose
This study aims to investigate the potential in vivo relationship between macular pigment (MP) and retinal layers thickness in healthy subjects and dry, non-advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
# Methods
An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted. Healthy subjects >40 years and patie... | Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin are xanthophylls exclusively concentrated at the macula, where they are referred to as macular pigment (MP). [CIT_REF] ^{–} [CIT_REF] These molecules are primarily localized in the membrane of photoreceptor layers and at the level of retinal membranes surrounding the Henle's fibe... | {
"pmid": "39007849",
"doi": "10.1167/iovs.65.8.23",
"article_title": "In Vivo Correlation Between Macular Pigment Optical Volume and Retinal Layers Thickness",
"journal_title": "Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science",
"epub": "2024-07-15 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Mariano Cozzi",
"Marco Casalu... |
PMC467111 | # Purpose
The present study investigated the nephron-testicular protective effects of sesamin against cisplatin (CP)-induced acute renal and testicular injuries.
# Methods
Thirty-two male Wistar rats were allocated to receive carboxymethylcellulose (0.5%, as sesamin vehicle), CP (a single i.p. 5 mg/kg dose), CP plus... | # Introduction
Cisplatin (CP) is a platinum-based anti-cancer drug used widely in chemotherapy for treating several cancers, such as those of the testes, lung (non-small cell lung cancer), bladder, head and neck, and cervix [CIT_REF]. Upon cell entry, CP undergoes aquation, and the hydrolyzed product of this process b... | {
"pmid": "39011587",
"doi": "10.1080/0886022X.2024.2378212",
"article_title": "The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of sesamin against cisplatin-induced renal and testicular toxicity in rats",
"journal_title": "Renal Failure",
"epub": null,
"authors": [
"Ahmed E. Altyar",
... |
PMC479043 | Host genomes have adopted several strategies to curb the proliferation of transposable elements and viruses. A recently discovered novel primate defense against retroviral infection involves a single-stranded DNA-editing enzyme, APOBEC3G, that causes hypermutation of HIV. The HIV-encoded virion infectivity factor (Vif)... | # Introduction
Mobile genetic elements have been in conflict with host genomes for over a billion years. Our own genomes reveal the remarkable effects of retrotransposition, as about 45% of our genomic DNA results directly from this process [CIT_REF]. This perennial state of conflict has led eukaryotes to adopt severa... | {
"pmid": "15269786",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020275",
"article_title": "Ancient Adaptive Evolution of the Primate Antiviral DNA-Editing Enzyme APOBEC3G",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-07-20 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Sara L Sawyer",
"Michael Emerman",
"Harmit S Malik"
],
... |
PMC493266 | # Background
The tetranucleotide GATC is methylated in Escherichia. coli by the DNA methyltransferase (Dam) and is known to be implicated in numerous cellular processes. Mutants lacking Dam are characterized by a pleiotropic phenotype. The existence of a GATC regulated network, thought to be involved in cold and oxyge... | # Background
The tetranucleotide GATC is methylated in Escherichia. coli by the DNA methyltransferase (Dam); this enzyme methylates the adenine residue within 5'-GATC-3' sequences in double stranded DNA. GATC motifs and their methylation by Dam play an important role in E. coli; they are involved in mismatch repair (s... | {
"pmid": "15265237",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2164-5-48",
"article_title": "Characterization of the GATC regulatory network in E. coli",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-20 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Alessandra Riva",
"Marie-Odile Delorme",
"Tony Chevalier",
"Nicolas Guilhot",
"Corinne H... |
PMC493268 | # Background
Proliferation and apoptosis of mesangial cells (MC) are important mechanisms during nephrogenesis, for the maintenance of glomerular homeostasis as well as in renal disease and glomerular regeneration. Expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors by intrinsic renal cells, e.g. SLC/CCL21 on podocytes a... | # Background
Originally chemokines (chemo tactic cyto kines) were described as key mediators for the selective migration of leukocytes into sites of tissue injury [CIT_REF]. Later on chemokines and chemokine receptors have also been described as important mediators in noninflammatory processes, including normal cellul... | {
"pmid": "15265234",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2369-5-8",
"article_title": "Effects of chemokines on proliferation and apoptosis of human mesangial cells",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-20 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Markus Wörnle",
"Holger Schmid",
"Monika Merkle",
"Bernhard Banas"
],
... |
PMC493271 | # Background
Many Japanese believe that low-yield cigarettes are less hazardous than regular cigarettes, and many smokers consume low-yield cigarettes to reduce their risks from smoking. We evaluate the association between actual nicotine intake and brand nicotine yield, and the influence of nicotine dependence on thi... | # Background
'Low-yield nicotine' cigarettes, which have brand names that include 'light,' 'mild,' or similar words, and which have nicotine yields on their packages of 0.8 mg or less, are widely consumed inside and outside Japan, and their market share is increasing. The Tobacco Institute of Japan reported that, in 2... | {
"pmid": "15265231",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2458-4-28",
"article_title": "Smoking cigarettes of low nicotine yield does not reduce nicotine intake as expected: a study of nicotine dependency in Japanese males",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-20 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Atsuko Nakazawa",
"Masak... |
PMC493283 | # Background
The maternal circulation to the human placenta is not fully established until 10–12 weeks of pregnancy. During the first trimester the intervillous space is filled by a clear fluid, in part derived from secretions from the endometrial glands via openings in the basal plate. The aim was to determine the ac... | # Background
The realisation that the maternal circulation to the human placenta is extremely limited prior to 10–12 weeks of pregnancy prompted us to investigate other potential sources of fetal nutrition during the first trimester [CIT_REF]. During the evolution of ovoviviparity and viviparity secretions from the ut... | {
"pmid": "15265238",
"doi": "10.1186/1477-7827-2-58",
"article_title": "Endometrial glands as a source of nutrients, growth factors and cytokines during the first trimester of human pregnancy: A morphological and immunohistochemical study",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-20 00:00:00",
"authors": [
... |
PMC497045 | # Background
Despite intense effort the treatment options for the invasive astrocytic tumors are still limited to surgery and radiation therapy, with chemotherapy showing little or no increase in survival. The generation of Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) profiles is expected to aid in the identification of ... | # Background
Astrocytomas are the most frequent malignant primary brain tumors in adults. Clinically, this group of tumors can be divided into four World Health Organization (WHO) grades. Pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO grade I) are generally slow growing and non-infiltrative pediatric tumors, which are rarely fatal. For ... | {
"pmid": "15265232",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2407-4-39",
"article_title": "Identification of astrocytoma associated genes including cell surface markers",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-21 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Kathy Boon",
"Jennifer B Edwards",
"Charles G Eberhart",
"Gregory J Riggi... |
PMC497048 | # Background
The first stage in computerised processing of the electrocardiogram is beat detection. This involves identifying all cardiac cycles and locating the position of the beginning and end of each of the identifiable waveform components. The accuracy at which beat detection is performed has significant impact o... | # Background
Computerised classification of the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a complex and multi staged process. The overall goal is to determine if the patient is 'normal' and may remain untreated, or whether the patient exhibits any cardiac abnormalities requiring treatment. The classification of the ECG by computeris... | {
"pmid": "15272931",
"doi": "10.1186/1475-925X-3-26",
"article_title": "Multi-component based cross correlation beat detection in electrocardiogram analysis",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-23 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Thorsten Last",
"Chris D Nugent",
"Frank J Owens"
],
"article_type... |
PMC497049 | # Background
Low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and disturbed postprandial lipemia are associated with coronary heart disease. In the present study, we evaluated the variation of triglyceride (TG) postprandially in respect to serum HDL cholesterol levels.
# Results
Fifty two Greek men were divi... | # Background
The hypothesis that low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), raised since the 1950s [CIT_REF]. Fifty years later, it was well-established [CIT_REF] as it has been excellently proved after a number of large prospective studies [CIT_REF]. In t... | {
"pmid": "15271218",
"doi": "10.1186/1476-511X-3-18",
"article_title": "Low fasting low high-density lipoprotein and postprandial lipemia",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-23 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Genovefa D Kolovou",
"Katherine K Anagnostopoulou",
"Nektarios Pilatis",
"Nikolaos Ka... |
PMC499542 | Mometasone furoate (MF) is a highly potent glucocorticoid used topically to treat inflammation in the lung, nose and on the skin. However, so far no information has been published on the human glucocorticoid receptor activity of the metabolites or degradation products of MF. We have now determined the relative receptor... | # Introduction
Mometasone furoate (MF) is a highly potent topical glucocorticoid for the treatment of asthma [CIT_REF], allergic rhinitis [CIT_REF] and various skin diseases [CIT_REF]. The clinical efficacy of MF is comparable to that of fluticasone propionate [CIT_REF]. Both compounds have a very high affinity to the... | {
"pmid": "15285788",
"doi": "10.1186/1465-9921-5-7",
"article_title": "Significant receptor affinities of metabolites and a degradation product of mometasone furoate",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-22 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Anagnostis Valotis",
"Petra Högger"
],
"article_type": "resea... |
PMC503386 | # Background
The speech signal contains both information about phonological features such as place of articulation and non-phonological features such as speaker identity. These are different aspects of the 'what'-processing stream (speaker vs. speech content), and here we show that they can be further segregated as th... | # Background
This study explores attentional modulation within the 'what'-stream of the auditory modality during phoneme processing. Knowledge of speech sound representation in the auditory domain is still sparse. However, parallels to the extensively studied visual modality and also to the somatosensory domain are be... | {
"pmid": "15268765",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2202-5-24",
"article_title": "Attentional influences on functional mapping of speech sounds in human auditory cortex",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-21 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Jonas Obleser",
"Thomas Elbert",
"Carsten Eulitz"
],
"article_ty... |
PMC503387 | # Background
Mast cell (MC)-derived serine proteases have been implicated in a variety of inflammatory processes. We have previously shown that rat peritoneal MC (PMC) express mRNA for protease activated receptor 2 (PAR-2), a G-coupled receptor activated by trypsin-like proteases. Recent evidence also suggests that MC... | # Background
Protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) has been identified on a variety of cell types including eosinophils [CIT_REF], neutrophils [CIT_REF], neurons and smooth muscle cells [CIT_REF]. It can be activated by a variety of serine proteases including MC tryptase [CIT_REF], pancreatic trypsin [CIT_REF], and co... | {
"pmid": "15265236",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2210-4-12",
"article_title": "A protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) activating peptide, tc-LIGRLO-NH 2, induces protease release from mast cells: role in TNF degradation",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-20 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Hashem N Alshurafa",
... |
PMC503389 | # Background
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are central to degradation of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane during both normal and carcinogenic tissue remodeling. MT1-MMP (MMP-14) and stromelysin-3 (MMP-11) are two members of the MMP family of proteolytic enzymes that have been specifically implicated i... | # Background
Integral to both normal and pathological tissue remodeling, the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of proteolytic enzymes collectively degrades laminin, collagen, gelatin, and other protein components of the extracellular matrix [CIT_REF]. MMP expression allows degradation of the basement membrane, an ... | {
"pmid": "15272933",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2407-4-40",
"article_title": "Stimulation of MMP-11 (stromelysin-3) expression in mouse fibroblasts by cytokines, collagen and co-culture with human breast cancer cell lines",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-25 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Saxon Selvey",
... |
PMC503391 | # Background
Patients with upper limb pain often have a slumped sitting position and poor shoulder posture. Pain could be due to poor posture causing mechanical changes (stretch; local pressure) that in turn affect the function of major limb nerves (e.g. median nerve). This study examines (1) whether the individual co... | # Background
Non-specific arm pain (NSAP), often called repetitive strain injury, describes the common problem of upper limb pain and functional impairment without objective physical findings. The contributing factors to the development of NSAP are not fully understood but ergonomic guidelines commonly suggest that go... | {
"pmid": "15282032",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2474-5-23",
"article_title": "Shoulder posture and median nerve sliding",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-28 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Andrea Julius",
"Rebecca Lees",
"Andrew Dilley",
"Bruce Lynn"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"l... |
PMC503393 | # Background
Despite abundant bereavement care options, consensus is lacking regarding optimal care for bereaved persons.
# Methods
We conducted a systematic review, searching MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, EBMR, and other databases using the terms (bereaved or bereavement) and (grief) combined with (intervention or su... | # Background
Give sorrow words; the grief that does not speak
Whispers the o'er fraught heart and bids it break.
Shakespeare, Macbeth IV, iii, 209
Grieving the death of a loved one has an ancient history: from time immemorial, cultures have provided the bereaved with advice and rituals to address – and express – th... | {
"pmid": "15274744",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-684X-3-3",
"article_title": "Bereavement care interventions: a systematic review",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-26 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Amanda L Forte",
"Malinda Hill",
"Rachel Pazder",
"Chris Feudtner"
],
"article_type": "research-... |
PMC503394 | # Background
Although back pain is the most common reason patients use complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies, little is known about the willingness of primary care back pain patients to try these therapies. As part of an effort to refine recruitment strategies for clinical trials, we sought to determin... | # Background
Back pain is one of the most common and costly health problems in developed countries, where more than half of adults suffer from this condition each year [CIT_REF] and 70% to 80% suffer from it at some time in their lives [CIT_REF]. Patients with back pain are often dissatisfied with standard medical car... | {
"pmid": "15260884",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6882-4-9",
"article_title": "Complementary and alternative medical therapies for chronic low back pain: What treatments are patients willing to try?",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-19 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Karen J Sherman",
"Daniel C Cherkin",
... |
PMC503396 | # Background
Relatively little is known about interest in pediatric pulmonology among pediatric residents. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine at this institution: 1) the level of pediatric resident interest in pursuing a pulmonary fellowship, 2) potential factors involved in development of such int... | # Background
The specialty of pediatric pulmonology is relatively new, having been recognized as a pediatric sub-specialty by the American Board of Medical Sub-specialties in 1984. In 1997, there were approximately 500 board certified pediatric pulmonologists in the United States and Canada [CIT_REF]. This number has ... | {
"pmid": "15274742",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6920-4-11",
"article_title": "Resident interest and factors involved in entering a pediatric pulmonary fellowship",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-26 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"William M Gershan"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"license_kind":... |
PMC503397 | # Background
Quantitative studies are becoming more recognized as important to understanding health care with all of its richness and complexities. The purpose of this descriptive survey was to provide a quantitative evaluation of the qualitative studies published in 170 core clinical journals for 2000.
# Methods
Al... | # Background
Quantitative studies provide answers or insights for many important questions or issues in health care and clinical research. Other important questions dealing with why, how, contexts, and experiences of individuals or groups, can be best addressed using qualitative methods. Other issues benefit from inte... | {
"pmid": "15271221",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6947-4-11",
"article_title": "A quantitative analysis of qualitative studies in clinical journals for the 2000 publishing year",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-22 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Kathleen Ann McKibbon",
"Cynthia S Gadd"
],
"article_type"... |
PMC503398 | # Background
Hypertriglyceridemia in combination with low HDL cholesterol levels is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of ciprofibrate for the treatment of this form of dyslipidemia and to identify factors associated with better treatment response.
# Methods
Multicen... | # Background
Hypertriglyceridemia in combination with abnormally low concentrations of HDL cholesterol (High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) is one of the most common and atherogenic profiles of lipid metabolism [CIT_REF]. In the PROCAM study [CIT_REF], the 6-year incidence of coronary events in men aged between 40 a... | {
"pmid": "15272932",
"doi": "10.1186/1475-2840-3-8",
"article_title": "Ciprofibrate therapy in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and low high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol: greater reduction of non-HDL cholesterol in subjects with excess body weight (The CIPROAMLAT study)",
"journal_title": "",
"epu... |
PMC503400 | # Background
External and internal factors are increasingly encouraging research funding bodies to demonstrate the outcomes of their research. Traditional methods of assessing research are still important, but can be merged into broader multi-dimensional categorisations of research benefits. The onus has hitherto been... | # Background
## The growing concern for the benefits from health research to be studied
Health research funding bodies are under increasing pressure to demonstrate the outcomes, or benefits, of the research that they fund [CIT_REF]. Traditional peer review of research focussed on the outputs in terms of journal artic... | {
"pmid": "15272939",
"doi": "10.1186/1478-4505-2-4",
"article_title": "Proposed methods for reviewing the outcomes of health research: the impact of funding by the UK's 'Arthritis Research Campaign'",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-23 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Stephen R Hanney",
"Jonathan Gra... |
PMC506787 | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-(IL)-18 are important mediators of neuroinflammation after closed head injury (CHI). Both mediators have been previously found to be significantly elevated in the intracranial compartment after brain injury, both in patients as well as in experimental model systems. However, ... | # Findings
Closed head injury (CHI) is the leading cause of mortality and persisting neurological impairment in young people in industrialized countries [CIT_REF]. The neuropathological sequelae of brain injury are mediated in large part by a profound host-mediated intracranial inflammatory response [CIT_REF]. The pro... | {
"pmid": "15285802",
"doi": "10.1186/1742-2094-1-13",
"article_title": "Tumor necrosis factor-mediated inhibition of interleukin-18 in the brain: a clinical and experimental study in head-injured patients and in a murine model of closed head injury.",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-28 00:00:00",
"au... |
PMC509235 | # Background
Determination of genetic relatedness among microorganisms provides information necessary for making inferences regarding phylogeny. However, there is little information available on how well the genetic relationships inferred from different genotyping methods agree with true genetic relationships. In this... | # Background
Precise estimation of genetic relatedness between isolates of a microorganism is important for determination of phylogenetic relationships, which has important applications in studies of disease transmission [CIT_REF]. The definitive standard for assessing genetic relatedness among organisms is the comple... | {
"pmid": "15279682",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2105-5-102",
"article_title": "A computer simulation analysis of the accuracy of partial genome sequencing and restriction fragment analysis in estimating genetic relationships: an application to papillomavirus DNA sequences",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-27... |
PMC509241 | # Background
To identify the spectrum of malignant attributes maintained outside the host environment, we have compared global gene expression in primary breast tumors and matched short-term epithelial cultures.
# Results
In contrast to immortal cell lines, a characteristic 'limited proliferation' phenotype was obse... | # Background
In breast cancer, cell based experiments are largely conducted with a few spontaneously arising cell lines from late stages of disease that demonstrate unlimited proliferation (immortalization). However, the breadth of tumor heterogeneity and early stages of breast tumorigenesis remain under represented i... | {
"pmid": "15260889",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2164-5-47",
"article_title": "A molecular 'signature' of primary breast cancer cultures; patterns resembling tumor tissue",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-19 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Shanaz H Dairkee",
"Youngran Ji",
"Yong Ben",
"Dan H Moore"... |
PMC509242 | # Background
The CXCL1 chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (KC), have been shown to play a role in a number of pathophysiological disease states including endotoxin-induced inflammation and bacterial meningitis. While the expression of these chemokines ... | # Background
Chemokines are a superfamily of small chemotactic proteins that have been classified into four major subfamilies, namely CXC, CC, C, and CX3C, based on the presence or absence and positional arrangement of N-terminal cysteine (C) residues [CIT_REF]. One of the hallmarks of chemokine function is to facilit... | {
"pmid": "15274748",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2172-5-15",
"article_title": "Age-associated alterations in CXCL1 chemokine expression by murine B cells",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-26 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Lina Hu",
"Vishwa Deep Dixit",
"Valeria de Mello-Coelho",
"Dennis D Taub"
... |
PMC509245 | # Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been recognised as an important independent risk factor for thromboembolic disease, particularly stroke for which it provides a five-fold increase in risk. This study aimed to determine the baseline prevalence and the incidence of AF based on a variety of screening strategies ... | # Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been recognised as an important independent risk factor for thromboembolic disease, particularly stroke with which it is associated with a five fold increase in risk [CIT_REF]. There are few data on the prevalence of AF in the United Kingdom. Local data derived from the Echoca... | {
"pmid": "15283871",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2261-4-12",
"article_title": "A randomised controlled trial and cost effectiveness study of systematic screening (targeted and total population screening) versus routine practice for the detection of atrial fibrillation in the over 65s: (SAFE) [ISRCTN19633732]",
"journ... |
PMC509246 | # Background
Despite the well-documented benefits of using warfarin to prevent stroke, physicians remain reluctant to initiate therapy, and especially so with the elderly owing to the higher risk of hemorrhage. Prior research suggests that patients are more accepting of the risk of bleeding than are physicians, althou... | # Background
Warfarin therapy is an effective anticoagulant indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia in older individuals [CIT_REF]. Oral anticoagulation with warfarin is known to reduce the risk of disabling stroke; indeed, th... | {
"pmid": "15268764",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2296-5-15",
"article_title": "Patients' perspectives on taking warfarin: qualitative study in family practice",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-21 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Guilherme Coelho Dantas",
"Barbara V Thompson",
"Judith A Manson",
"C S... |
PMC509247 | # Background
Chronic pain is a common and frequently disabling problem in older adults. Clinical guidelines emphasize the need to use multimodal therapies to manage persistent pain in this population. Pain self-management training is a multimodal therapy that has been found to be effective in young to middle-aged adul... | # Background
## The problem of chronic pain in the elderly
Chronic pain is a common problem in the elderly, and is often associated with significant physical disability and psychosocial problems [CIT_REF]. Estimates of the prevalence of chronic pain problems among community-dwelling older adults range from 58–70% [CI... | {
"pmid": "15285783",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2318-4-7",
"article_title": "Chronic pain self-management for older adults: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN11899548]",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-30 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Mary Ersek",
"Judith A Turner",
"Kevin C Cain",
"Carol A K... |
PMC509248 | # Background
To contribute further to the classification of three CFTR amino acid changes (p.I148T, p.R74W and p.D1270N) either as CF or CBAVD-causing mutations or as neutral variations.
# Methods
The CFTR genes from individuals who carried at least one of these changes were extensively scanned by a well established... | # Background
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common, often fatal disease with a well-defined genetic cause, so that it is now recommended in many countries in Europe and the United States to offer genetic screening for CF mutations to identify carriers among adults with a positive family history of CF, partners of individua... | {
"pmid": "15287992",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2350-5-19",
"article_title": "Are p.I148T, p.R74W and p.D1270N cystic fibrosis causing mutations?",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-08-02 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Mireille Claustres",
"Jean-Pierre Altiéri",
"Caroline Guittard",
"Carine Templin",
... |
PMC509251 | # Background
We assessed whether the Korean version of modified Mini-Mental State Examination (K-mMMSE) has improved performance as a screening test for cognitive impairment or dementia in a general population compared with the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE).
# Methods
Screening interviews were conduc... | # Background
The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a brief screening test that quantitatively assesses the cognitive status of elderly people [CIT_REF]. It is easy to administer and has shown good reliability. Although its validity as a screening test is acceptable for clinical samples, it has been shown to have... | {
"pmid": "15283869",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2458-4-31",
"article_title": "The usefulness of the Korean version of modified Mini-Mental State Examination (K-mMMSE) for dementia screening in community dwelling elderly people",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-30 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Seul-Ki Jeong"... |
PMC509252 | # Background
Little is known about teaching medical ethics across cultural and linguistic boundaries. This study examined two successive cohorts of first year medical students in a six year undergraduate MBBS program.
# Methods
The objective was to investigate whether Arabic speaking students studying medicine in an... | # Background
Medical ethics has increasingly become a common component of the undergraduate curriculum at many medical schools, often within a defined humanities program [CIT_REF]. In 1999, the European Federation of Internal Medicine, the American College of Physicians and the American Board of Internal Medicine laun... | {
"pmid": "15283868",
"doi": "10.1186/1472-6939-5-4",
"article_title": "Western medical ethics taught to junior medical students can cross cultural and linguistic boundaries",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-30 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Valmae A Ypinazar",
"Stephen A Margolis"
],
"article_t... |
PMC509278 | # Background
The acetylation of the core histone NH_{2} -terminal tails is catalyzed by histone acetyltransferases. Histone acetyltransferases can be classified into two distinct groups (type A and B) on the basis of cellular localization and substrate specificity. Type B histone acetyltransferases, originally defined... | # Background
Histones H3 and H4 are among the most evolutionarily conserved proteins (>90% identity from yeast→humans) [CIT_REF]. Octamers composed of one histone H3/H4 tetramer and two histone H2A/H2B dimers package 146 bp of DNA into the basic repeating subunit of chromatin, the nucleosome [CIT_REF]. Hence, as funda... | {
"pmid": "15274751",
"doi": "10.1186/1471-2091-5-11",
"article_title": "Characterization of yeast histone H3-specific type B histone acetyltransferases identifies an ADA2 -independent Gcn5p activity",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-26 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Amy R Sklenar",
"Mark R Parthun"... |
PMC509279 | # Background
The circumsporozoite surface protein is the primary target of human antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, these antibodies are predominantly directed to the major repetitive epitope (Asn-Pro-Asn-Ala) _{n}, (NPNA) _{n}. In individuals immunized by the bites of irradiated Anopheles mosquitoe... | # Background
Malaria threatens public health in regions of the world where more than a third of the human population lives [CIT_REF]. It has been shown that immunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites, the infective stage of the malaria parasite, confers protective immunity [CIT_REF]. The role of spe... | {
"pmid": "15283866",
"doi": "10.1186/1475-2875-3-28",
"article_title": "Molecular dissection of the human antibody response to the structural repeat epitope of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite from a protected donor",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-29 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Jonathan A Chappel"... |
PMC509286 | # Background
The present paper expresses the author's views about the practical utility of Health Behavior Theory for health behavior intervention research. The views are skeptical and perhaps even a bit exaggerated. They are, however, also based on 20-plus years of in-the-trenches research focused on improving health... | # Background
The author has been conducting research on behavioral treatment of obesity for about 25 years. During that time, the dominant conceptual models guiding intervention development have been cognitive behavior models that have their origin in psychological theory. Those most often cited include the Health Bel... | {
"pmid": "15272938",
"doi": "10.1186/1479-5868-1-10",
"article_title": "How can Health Behavior Theory be made more useful for intervention research?",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-23 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Robert W Jeffery"
],
"article_type": "research-article",
"license_kind": "CC BY... |
PMC509288 | # Background
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax protein is a transcriptional regulator of viral and cellular genes. In this study we have examined in detail the determinants for Tax-mediated transcriptional activation.
# Results
Whereas previously the LTR enhancer elements were thought to be the sole Ta... | # Background
In eukaryotes, transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the orderly recruitment of basal transcription factors and activators to the core promoter and enhancers, respectively [CIT_REF]. The core promoter contains the transcription initiation site, and it provides the docking sites for the basal transcr... | {
"pmid": "15285791",
"doi": "10.1186/1742-4690-1-18",
"article_title": "Specific TATAA and bZIP requirements suggest that HTLV-I Tax has transcriptional activity subsequent to the assembly of an initiation complex",
"journal_title": "",
"epub": "2004-07-30 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Yick-Pang Ching",
... |
PMC509289 | Drosophila immune response involves three types of hemocytes (‘blood cells’). One cell type, the lamellocyte, is induced to differentiate only under particular conditions, such as parasitization by wasps. Here, we have investigated the mechanisms underlying the specification of lamellocytes. We first show that collier ... | # Introduction
Hematopoiesis in Drosophila shares several features with the analogous process in vertebrates. A first population of embryonic hemocyte precursors (prohemocytes) is specified from the head mesoderm very early during embryogenesis. At the end of larval stages and the onset of metamorphosis, a second popu... | {
"pmid": "15314643",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020196",
"article_title": "Cellular Immune Response to Parasitization in Drosophila Requires the EBF Orthologue Collier",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-08-17 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Michèle Crozatier",
"Jean-Michel Ubeda",
"Al... |
PMC509290 | Microsatellites are a major component of the human genome, and their evolution has been much studied. However, the evolution of microsatellite flanking sequences has received less attention, with reports of both high and low mutation rates and of a tendency for microsatellites to cluster. From the human genome we gener... | # Introduction
DNA base substitutions do not occur randomly [CIT_REF]. Instead, they may be clustered in hotspots, for example around methylated CG dinucleotides, or subject to more general biases such as the excess of transitions relative to transversions. In addition, local structural context may be important, with ... | {
"pmid": "15314644",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020199",
"article_title": "Evidence for Widespread Convergent Evolution around Human Microsatellites",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-08-17 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Edward J Vowles",
"William Amos"
],
"article_type": "research-a... |
PMC509292 | Plants produce metabolites that directly decrease herbivore performance, and as a consequence, herbivores are selected for resistance to these metabolites. To determine whether these metabolites actually function as defenses requires measuring the performance of plants that are altered only in the production of a certa... | # Introduction
Plants produce many secondary metabolites, of which some are thought to function as direct defenses against pathogens and herbivores by reducing their performance, survival, and reproduction. Numerous plant allelochemicals with antiherbivore properties are classified according to their mode of action (e... | {
"pmid": "15314646",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020217",
"article_title": "Nicotine's Defensive Function in Nature",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-08-17 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Anke Steppuhn",
"Klaus Gase",
"Bernd Krock",
"Rayko Halitschke",
"Ian T Baldwin"
],
"... |
PMC509293 | The conversion of multinucleate postmitotic muscle fibers to dividing mononucleate progeny cells (cellularisation) occurs during limb regeneration in salamanders, but the cellular events and molecular regulation underlying this remarkable process are not understood. The homeobox gene Msx1 has been studied as an antagon... | # Introduction
There is currently a significant focus on strategies to promote regeneration in adult mammals and therefore a renewed interest in the mechanisms that underlie regeneration in urodele amphibians. An adult salamander such as the newt or axolotl can regenerate its limbs and tail, jaws, ocular tissues such ... | {
"pmid": "15314647",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020218",
"article_title": "The Regenerative Plasticity of Isolated Urodele Myofibers and Its Dependence on Msx1",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-08-17 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Anoop Kumar",
"Cristiana P Velloso",
"Yutaka Imokawa... |
PMC509294 | Although the mechanisms that regulate development of the cerebral cortex have begun to emerge, in large part through the analysis of mutant mice [CIT_REF], many questions remain unanswered. To provide resources for further dissecting cortical development, we have carried out a focused screen for recessive mutations tha... | # Introduction
The cerebral cortex is the seat of consciousness and the means by which we carry out abstract reasoning. Understanding how the cortex is assembled during embryonic development will give deeper insights into how this marvelous machine functions and provide the basis for therapy and repair. Although a div... | {
"pmid": "15314648",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020219",
"article_title": "A Focused and Efficient Genetic Screening Strategy in the Mouse: Identification of Mutations That Disrupt Cortical Development",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-08-17 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Konstantinos Zarba... |
PMC509297 | Retrograde amnesia can occur after brain damage because this disrupts sites of storage, interrupts memory consolidation, or interferes with memory retrieval. While the retrieval failure account has been considered in several animal studies, recent work has focused mainly on memory consolidation, and the neural mechanis... | # Introduction
For more than a century, the phenomenon of retrograde amnesia (RA)—the loss of memory for events that occur prior to a variety of precipitating brain insults—has provided the foundation for theories of memory consolidation and the locus of trace storage [CIT_REF]. However, RA may also reflect the inabil... | {
"pmid": "15314651",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020225",
"article_title": "Forgetting, Reminding, and Remembering: The Retrieval of Lost Spatial Memory",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-08-17 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Livia de Hoz",
"Stephen J Martin",
"Richard G. M Morris"
]... |
PMC509299 | The completion of the human genome sequence has made possible genome-wide studies of retroviral DNA integration. Here we report an analysis of 3,127 integration site sequences from human cells. We compared retroviral vectors derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), avian sarcoma-leukosis virus (ASLV), and murin... | # Introduction
Retroviral replication requires reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome and integration of the resulting DNA copy into a chromosome of the host cell. A topic of long standing interest has been the chromosomal and nuclear features dictating the location of integration target sites (reviewed in [CIT... | {
"pmid": "15314653",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020234",
"article_title": "Retroviral DNA Integration: ASLV, HIV, and MLV Show Distinct Target Site Preferences",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-08-17 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Rick S Mitchell",
"Brett F Beitzel",
"Astrid R. W Sc... |
PMC509301 | Hematopoiesis is precisely orchestrated by lineage-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription in concert with coactivators and corepressors. Mutations in the zebrafish moonshine (mon) gene specifically disrupt both embryonic and adult hematopoiesis, resulting in severe red blood cell aplasia. We report t... | # Introduction
Hematopoiesis involves the coordinated processes of cell proliferation and differentiation of a relatively small number of progenitor cells into billions of circulating red and white blood cells [CIT_REF]. Hematopoiesis in vertebrates, from zebrafish to humans, is an evolutionarily conserved program tha... | {
"pmid": "15314655",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020237",
"article_title": "The Zebrafish moonshine Gene Encodes Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1γ, an Essential Regulator of Hematopoiesis",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-08-17 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"David G Ransom",
"Nathan... |
PMC509302 | The telomeric protein TRF2 is required to prevent mammalian telomeres from activating DNA damage checkpoints. Here we show that overexpression of TRF2 affects the response of the ATM kinase to DNA damage. Overexpression of TRF2 abrogated the cell cycle arrest after ionizing radiation and diminished several other readou... | # Introduction
Telomeres prevent the recognition of natural chromosome ends as double-stranded breaks (DSBs). When telomeres become dysfunctional due to shortening or loss of protective factors, chromosome ends activate a DNA damage response mediated (in part) by the ATM kinase [CIT_REF]. A major challenge in telomere... | {
"pmid": "15314656",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020240",
"article_title": "The Telomeric Protein TRF2 Binds the ATM Kinase and Can Inhibit the ATM-Dependent DNA Damage Response",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-08-17 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Jan Karlseder",
"Kristina Hoke",
"O... |
PMC509305 | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder in which complex genetic factors play an important role. Several strains of gene-targeted mice have been reported to develop SLE, implicating the null genes in the causation of disease. However, hybrid strains between 129 and C57BL/6 mice, widely u... | # Introduction
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by the production of autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against a wide spectrum of self-antigens, mainly from subcellular compartments, especially the cell nucleus. Genetic predisposition is an important contributor to susceptibilit... | {
"pmid": "15314659",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020243",
"article_title": "Spontaneous Autoimmunity in 129 and C57BL/6 Mice—Implications for Autoimmunity Described in Gene-Targeted Mice",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-08-17 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"Anne E Bygrave",
"Kirsten L Ro... |
PMC509406 | X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is caused by loss of emerin, a LEM-domain protein of the nuclear inner membrane. To better understand emerin function, we used affinity chromatography to purify emerin-binding proteins from nuclear extracts of HeLa cells. Complexes that included actin, αII-spectrin and additio... | # Introduction
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is inherited through mutations in either of two different genes: LMNA, encoding A-type lamins, and STA, which encodes a nuclear membrane protein named emerin [CIT_REF]. Lamin filaments and emerin interact at the nuclear inner membrane [CIT_REF]. Together, emerin ... | {
"pmid": "15328537",
"doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0020231",
"article_title": "Emerin Caps the Pointed End of Actin Filaments: Evidence for an Actin Cortical Network at the Nuclear Inner Membrane",
"journal_title": "PLoS Biology",
"epub": "2004-08-24 00:00:00",
"authors": [
"James M Holaska",
"Amy K... |
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