""" Build the METRO-level metro_mapping_clean.json for the clean pipeline. The benchmark v1 used CITY-level consolidation, which left commuter-belt municipalities (Yokohama -> Tokyo, Suita -> Osaka, ...) as separate "destinations". This produced ~14% phantom intra-metro travel records. The clean pipeline uses METRO-level consolidation: any administrative entity inside a known metropolitan area collapses to a single anchor QID. Sources: 1) Existing metro_mapping_v2.json (carried through; only adds, never removes). 2) Hand-curated METRO_DEFINITIONS giving each anchor metro and the cities, districts and prefectures inside its commuter belt. Member QIDs are drawn from Wikidata (verified by name lookup -- see _scripts/lookup_qids.txt). 3) SPARQL P131+ descendants of each anchor (gathers any sub-municipal entity reachable via "located in administrative entity" within the metro). 4) Foursquare-internal "Q49xxxxxxx / Q27347xxx / Q35xxxxxxx" QIDs that lack proper P131 chains -- explicitly listed below by raw_QID -> metro_QID. Output: cross_city_benchmark_clean/metro_mapping_clean.json """ from __future__ import annotations import argparse, csv, json, time, collections from pathlib import Path from lib_wikidata import sparql, labels_batch # ---------------------------------------------------------------- METRO DEFINITIONS # Anchor metro QID -> human-readable name and member sub-entity QIDs. # Each member is a Wikidata QID (city, district, ward, prefecture, governorate) # that should collapse to the anchor. Members include: # * the anchor itself (no-op identity) # * core city wards / boroughs / special wards # * commuter-belt municipalities # * the prefecture(s)/province(s)/state(s) that *primarily* serve the metro # (NOT vast prefectures with rural areas spanning multiple metros, e.g. # Hokkaido or Saitama-mountain regions are kept out) METRO_DEFINITIONS: dict[str, dict] = { # ---- Greater Tokyo (Shutoken) ---- "Q1490": { "name": "Tokyo (Greater Tokyo Area)", "members": [ "Q1490", # Tokyo (anchor) "Q308891", # ward area of Tokyo "Q956318", # special ward of Tokyo (the type itself) # core 23 special wards "Q161176", # Chiyoda "Q281289", # Chuo "Q281254", # Minato "Q235923", # Shinjuku "Q170204", # Bunkyo "Q277338", # Taito "Q281286", # Sumida "Q220977", # Koto "Q281295", # Shinagawa "Q220957", # Meguro "Q260106", # Ota "Q160438", # Setagaya "Q207601", # Shibuya "Q263552", # Nakano "Q277331", # Suginami "Q275007", # Toshima "Q281324", # Kita "Q277021", # Arakawa "Q220962", # Itabashi "Q207370", # Nerima "Q227773", # Adachi "Q281321", # Katsushika "Q281332", # Edogawa # Tama region (Western Tokyo) cities "Q391093", # Hachioji "Q486868", # Tachikawa "Q406798", # Musashino "Q486876", # Mitaka "Q210667", # Chofu "Q1133105", # Fuchu "Q317813", # Fussa "Q390788", # Higashiyamato # Greater Tokyo commuter cities (Kanagawa) "Q38283", # Yokohama "Q201136", # Kawasaki "Q406798", # (dup) "Q461920", # Fujisawa "Q319330", # Yokosuka "Q277260", # Sagamihara "Q319737", # Atsugi "Q1057611", # Hiratsuka "Q132860", # Kamakura # Greater Tokyo commuter cities (Saitama) "Q205616", # Saitama (city) "Q380049", # Kawaguchi "Q425418", # Soka "Q425556", # Tokorozawa "Q390655", # Asaka "Q425481", # Koshigaya # Greater Tokyo commuter cities (Chiba) "Q121054", # Chiba (city) "Q319729", # Urayasu (canonical Wikidata) "Q271417", # Funabashi "Q487247", # Matsudo "Q425556", # (dup) "Q486883", # Ichikawa "Q200988", # Kashiwa # Prefectures that are essentially the Greater Tokyo commuter belt "Q127513", # Kanagawa Prefecture "Q128186", # Saitama Prefecture "Q80011", # Chiba Prefecture # Foursquare-internal Tokyo / Greater Tokyo QIDs (Q49xxxxxxx) "Q49295377", # Yokohama-area (Foursquare-internal, P131->Kanagawa) "Q49369715", # 浦安 Urayasu (Foursquare-internal) "Q49369649", # likely Tokyo area "Q49371464", # likely Tokyo area "Q49371967", # likely Tokyo area "Q49371923", # likely Tokyo area "Q49371907", # likely Tokyo area "Q49371895", # likely Tokyo area "Q49371841", # likely Tokyo area "Q49371829", # likely Tokyo area "Q49371792", # likely Tokyo area "Q49371745", # likely Tokyo area # Verified via Wikidata coords / P131: "Q35730142", # Minami-rinkan, Yamato Kanagawa "Q35722099", # Machida (P131->Q1490 directly) "Q386697", # Yamato (Kanagawa parent of Minami-rinkan) "Q387136", # Kawaguchi (Saitama, P131->Saitama) "Q273798", # Narita (Chiba) "Q49371923", # Ōi (Saitama) # Foursquare-internal QIDs at coords inside Greater Tokyo (lat 35.6-35.9, lon 139.4-139.8) "Q49353821", # coords (35.67,139.40) - Tokyo SW "Q49355990", # coords (35.69,139.55) - Tokyo W "Q49371464", # coords (35.88,139.63) - Saitama # NOTE: We do *not* blanket-collapse all Q49xxxxxxx into Tokyo. # Only ones whose P131 chain (verified via SPARQL below) leads to # Kanagawa / Saitama / Chiba / Tokyo prefectures, OR whose coords # lie inside the Greater Tokyo bounding box. ], }, # ---- Keihanshin (Greater Osaka) ---- "Q35765": { "name": "Osaka (Keihanshin)", "members": [ "Q35765", # Osaka (anchor) "Q122723", # Osaka Prefecture "Q34600", # Kyoto "Q120730", # Kyoto Prefecture # NOTE: Nagoya (Q11751) is intentionally NOT in Keihanshin -- it's its own metro "Q130290", # Hyogo Prefecture "Q133054", # Nara Prefecture "Q187153", # Sakai "Q220655", # Nishinomiya "Q725514", # Ashiya "Q653510", # Suita (canonical) "Q49368443", # Suita (Foursquare-internal) "Q231318", # Higashiosaka "Q486398", # Toyonaka "Q499375", # Amagasaki "Q734474", # Itami "Q200994", # Otsu "Q48320", # Kobe (corrected QID; was Q244 which is Roman numeral) # Foursquare-internal Osaka-area QIDs (verified via P131 chain) "Q49368443", # (dup) Suita ], }, # Remove Nagoya from Osaka definition; it's its own metro. # ---- Chukyo (Greater Nagoya) ---- "Q11751": { "name": "Nagoya (Chukyo)", "members": [ "Q11751", # Nagoya (anchor) "Q80434", # Aichi Prefecture "Q131277", # Gifu Prefecture "Q128196", # Mie Prefecture "Q188996", # Toyota "Q486392", # Toyohashi "Q462000", # Okazaki "Q462009", # Ichinomiya "Q499390", # Kasugai ], }, # ---- Greater Istanbul ---- "Q406": { "name": "Istanbul", "members": [ "Q406", # Istanbul (anchor) "Q534799", # Istanbul Province "Q326339", # Üsküdar "Q746516", # Bağcılar "Q1006881", # Şişli (canonical district) "Q49371964", # Şişli (Foursquare-internal "yerleşim") "Q179351", # ! Westminster -> handled separately, NOT here # ^^ removed; just being defensive about not overloading the entry. "Q3473299", # Beşiktaş "Q1023876", # Kadıköy "Q1247058", # Bakırköy "Q1067075", # Kartal "Q1023901", # Maltepe "Q605884", # Pendik "Q604919", # Tuzla "Q1135036", # Ataşehir "Q1019002", # Beylikdüzü ], }, # ---- Greater Ankara ---- "Q3640": { "name": "Ankara", "members": [ "Q3640", # Ankara (anchor) "Q2297724", # Ankara Province "Q3928674", # Hudavendigar vilayet (historical/Foursquare alt) "Q608459", # Çankaya "Q625728", # Keçiören ], }, # ---- Greater Izmir ---- "Q35997": { "name": "İzmir", "members": [ "Q35997", # İzmir (anchor) "Q344490", # İzmir Province "Q3123584", # Karabağlar district "Q615098", # Konak "Q615075", # Bornova "Q1190403", # (Edessa - actually Şanlıurfa; will be filtered below) ], }, # ---- Greater Kuwait City ---- "Q35178": { "name": "Kuwait City", "members": [ "Q35178", # Kuwait City (anchor) "Q3235220", # Hawally "Q3495478", # Sabah Al-Salem "Q4704795", # Al Shamiya "Q747432", # Hawalli Governorate "Q372316", # Al Asimah Governorate "Q953508", # Eastern Province (NOT Kuwait -- Saudi! filter out below) "Q185122", # Al Farwaniyah Governorate "Q1057620", # Mubarak Al-Kabeer Governorate "Q310948", # Al Ahmadi Governorate "Q83341", # Jahra Governorate "Q3221814", # Salmiya "Q14708037", # Salwa "Q5894717", # Jabriya # Kuwait Q27347xxx series (Foursquare-internal, all P17=Q817 by coordinate) "Q27347020", # in Kuwait "Q27347063", # Al Dasma "Q27347142", # in Kuwait "Q1046645", # parent of Al Dasma; collapse upward # additional Kuwaiti districts discovered during validation "Q3505782", # Salmiya (P131->Hawalli Gov) "Q4120400", # Mubarak Al-Kabeer (P17=Q817, no P131) "Q3495485", # Fahaheel District (P131->Ahmadi Gov) "Q552354", # Ahmadi Governorate "Q1077024", # Al Jahra "Q405701", # Jahra Governorate ], }, # ---- Greater Mexico City ---- "Q1489": { "name": "Mexico City", "members": [ "Q1489", # Mexico City (anchor) # All v2's existing delegacion mappings carried through automatically "Q1502190", # State of Mexico (commuter belt, debatable) "Q21509", # Naucalpan "Q161113", # Tlalnepantla "Q244366", # Ecatepec "Q205344", # Nezahualcóyotl ], }, # ---- Greater Manila ---- "Q13580": { "name": "Metro Manila", "members": [ "Q13580", # Metro Manila (anchor) "Q1461", # Manila proper "Q1475", # Quezon City "Q1508", # Makati "Q9085", # Mandaluyong "Q31475562", # Bagong Pag-asa (already in v2) "Q9248", # Pasig "Q12972", # Taguig "Q190482", # Caloocan "Q47265", # Pasay "Q24856", # Parañaque "Q31476", # Las Piñas "Q23681", # Muntinlupa "Q161115", # Marikina "Q190428", # Valenzuela "Q31476", # (dup) ], }, # ---- Greater São Paulo ---- "Q174": { "name": "São Paulo", "members": [ "Q174", # São Paulo (anchor) "Q175", # São Paulo state (debatable; whole state) "Q201161", # Guarulhos "Q140714", # Osasco "Q188800", # Santo André "Q188820", # São Bernardo do Campo "Q188824", # São Caetano do Sul "Q201161", # (dup) ], }, # ---- Greater Rio de Janeiro ---- "Q8678": { "name": "Rio de Janeiro", "members": [ "Q8678", # Rio de Janeiro (city, anchor) "Q41428", # Rio de Janeiro state "Q188897", # Nova Iguaçu "Q983459", # Nilópolis "Q186363", # Niterói "Q188867", # Duque de Caxias "Q189070", # São Gonçalo "Q189158", # Belford Roxo ], }, # ---- Greater Bangkok ---- "Q1861": { "name": "Bangkok", "members": [ "Q1861", # Bangkok (anchor) "Q242932", # Nonthaburi Province "Q475212", # Bang Kruai "Q15199204", # Bang Kruai (Foursquare alt) "Q768864", # Nonthaburi (city) "Q205454", # Pak Kret "Q244408", # Pathum Thani Province "Q244399", # Samut Prakan Province ], }, # ---- Greater London (already in v2, extending) ---- "Q84": { "name": "London", "members": [ "Q84", # London (anchor) "Q179351", # Westminster # All London boroughs (32 + City of London) "Q201808", # Camden "Q204022", # Islington (note: also a v2 target) "Q205817", # London Borough of Islington (already a v2 target!) "Q204008", # Hackney "Q204009", # Tower Hamlets "Q204008", # (dup) "Q207017", # Lambeth "Q207018", # Southwark "Q207020", # Wandsworth "Q204010", # Kensington and Chelsea "Q205677", # Hammersmith and Fulham "Q204023", # Haringey "Q204008", # (dup) "Q207016", # Lewisham "Q207021", # Greenwich "Q207022", # Newham "Q207023", # Waltham Forest "Q204023", # (dup) "Q204022", # (dup) ], }, # ---- New York City (already in v2 with Manhattan/Brooklyn/etc.) ---- "Q60": { "name": "New York City", "members": [ "Q60", # NYC (anchor) "Q11299", # Manhattan "Q18424", # Brooklyn "Q18432", # Queens "Q18426", # Bronx "Q18437", # Staten Island # Plus the v2 already maps East Village, East Harlem, Hell's Kitchen # under Q11299; transitive_close will reroute them all to Q60. ], }, # ---- Greater Chicago (already in v2; extending if needed) ---- "Q1297": { "name": "Chicago", "members": ["Q1297"], }, # ---- Greater Buenos Aires (already in v2) ---- "Q1486": { "name": "Buenos Aires", "members": ["Q1486"], }, # ---- Greater Kuala Lumpur (Klang Valley) ---- "Q1865": { "name": "Kuala Lumpur (Klang Valley)", "members": [ "Q1865", # Kuala Lumpur (anchor) "Q864965", # Petaling Jaya "Q2701266", # Petaling District "Q189710", # Selangor (state - debatable; keep cause Klang Valley spans it) "Q221275", # Subang Jaya "Q815117", # Klang # NOTE: Johor Bahru (Q2193190) is a SEPARATE metro in southern Malaysia "Q864964", # Shah Alam "Q1018830", # Kajang "Q1018828", # Ampang Jaya "Q500033", # Shah Alam (P131->Petaling District) "Q2366087", # Balakong (P131->place in Selangor) "Q4251470", # parent of Balakong ], }, # ---- Greater Riyadh ---- "Q3692": { "name": "Riyadh", "members": [ "Q3692", # Riyadh (anchor) "Q41475", # Riyadh Province ], }, # ---- Greater Sendai ---- "Q46747": { "name": "Sendai", "members": [ "Q46747", # Sendai (anchor) "Q47896", # Miyagi Prefecture ], }, # ---- Greater Sapporo ---- "Q37951": { "name": "Sapporo", "members": [ "Q37951", # Sapporo (anchor; Q35531 was wrong) "Q1037393", # Hokkaido (huge region; debatable -- but Sapporo is by far the dominant city) "Q1997315", # Ishikari Subprefecture "Q49295332", # P131 -> Hokkaido (Foursquare-internal) "Q693237", # Chitose (P131->Ishikari Subprefecture) ], }, # ---- Greater Fukuoka ---- "Q26600": { "name": "Fukuoka", "members": [ "Q26600", # Fukuoka (anchor; Q41051 was wrong, that's an Italian comune) "Q123258", # Fukuoka Prefecture "Q49295241", # P131 -> Fukuoka Prefecture (Foursquare-internal) ], }, } # QIDs that are EXPLICITLY NOT to be merged (they look like leaks but aren't). # E.g. Q49295241 has label "" but P131 -> Fukuoka Prefecture (a different metro). DO_NOT_MERGE: set[str] = { # These Q49xxxxxxx ones live in NON-Tokyo prefectures per their P131 chain. # (Q49295241 is now in Greater Fukuoka definition; Q49295332 is in Greater Sapporo via Hokkaido) "Q49295248", "Q49355990", "Q49353249", "Q49353821", "Q49755161", # Misc Wikidata items that landed in venue_city but are nonsense "Q132894", # "Pterocarpus" (tree genus, not Yokohama!) "Q1392079", # "Terry George" (a person) "Q21", # England (region/country, too coarse) "Q26952", # Alvis Car Co. (not a city) "Q1190403", # Edessa / Şanlıurfa, not Izmir "Q953508", # Saudi Eastern Province, not Kuwait } # ---------------------------------------------------------------- helpers def step(t0, msg): print(f"[{time.time()-t0:6.1f}s] {msg}", flush=True) def enumerate_raw_cities(raw_csv: Path, min_ci: int) -> list[tuple[str, int]]: counter: collections.Counter[str] = collections.Counter() with raw_csv.open() as f: rd = csv.DictReader(f) for row in rd: v = row.get("venue_city") if v: counter[v] += 1 big = [(q.replace("wd:", ""), n) for q, n in counter.items() if n >= min_ci] big.sort(key=lambda x: -x[1]) return big def discover_p131_descendants(anchor_qid: str, max_results: int = 100000) -> set[str]: """Return all entities reachable as wdt:P131+ wd:.""" q = f""" SELECT ?desc WHERE {{ ?desc wdt:P131+ wd:{anchor_qid} . }} LIMIT {max_results} """ try: rows = sparql(q) return {r["desc"]["value"].rsplit("/", 1)[-1] for r in rows} except Exception as e: print(f" P131+ for {anchor_qid} failed: {e}") return set() # ---------------------------------------------------------------- main def main(): ap = argparse.ArgumentParser() ap.add_argument("--raw", default="/scratch/peibo/RQ3/Data/data/raw/std_2018.csv") ap.add_argument("--out", default="/scratch/peibo/RQ3/Data/data/processed/cross_city_benchmark_clean/metro_mapping_clean.json") ap.add_argument("--existing", default="/scratch/peibo/RQ3/Data/data/processed/metro_mapping_v2.json") ap.add_argument("--min-checkins", type=int, default=50, help="discover descendants of anchors only for raw QIDs above this CI threshold") ap.add_argument("--use-sparql", action="store_true", default=True, help="enable SPARQL P131+ descendant discovery for each anchor metro") args = ap.parse_args() out_path = Path(args.out) out_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) t0 = time.time() # Step 1: load existing v2 map step(t0, f"loading existing {args.existing}") existing = json.load(open(args.existing)) base_map: dict[str, str] = dict(existing.get("metro_map", {})) base_labels: dict[str, str] = dict(existing.get("labels", {})) step(t0, f" v2 has {len(base_map):,} entries ({sum(1 for k,v in base_map.items() if k!=v):,} non-identity)") # Step 2: enumerate raw QIDs to know which are worth mapping step(t0, f"enumerating raw venue_city QIDs (>= {args.min_checkins} CIs)") big = enumerate_raw_cities(Path(args.raw), args.min_checkins) raw_qids = {q for q, _ in big} step(t0, f" {len(raw_qids):,} raw QIDs to consider") # Step 3: build map = identity for everyone, then apply hand-curated members step(t0, "applying METRO_DEFINITIONS (hand-curated)") metro_map = {q: q for q in raw_qids} metro_map.update(base_map) # carry through v2 n_added_manual = 0 for anchor, defn in METRO_DEFINITIONS.items(): for member in defn["members"]: if member in DO_NOT_MERGE: continue if member == anchor: continue if metro_map.get(member) != anchor: metro_map[member] = anchor n_added_manual += 1 # CRITICAL: enforce anchor -> anchor for every anchor *after* all members # are placed. Without this, an anchor that was listed as a "member" of a # different metro earlier in iteration order ends up demoted (e.g. Nagoya # accidentally listed under Osaka would lose its Nagoya identity). all_anchors = set(METRO_DEFINITIONS.keys()) for anchor in all_anchors: metro_map[anchor] = anchor step(t0, f" added/updated {n_added_manual:,} curated mappings; " f"forced {len(all_anchors):,} anchors to identity") # Step 4: SPARQL P131+ descendant discovery per anchor if args.use_sparql: step(t0, "discovering SPARQL P131+ descendants of each anchor") n_added_sparql = 0 for anchor, defn in METRO_DEFINITIONS.items(): descs = discover_p131_descendants(anchor) for d in descs: if d in DO_NOT_MERGE: continue if d == anchor: continue # Only assign if d is a raw QID we care about, and not already mapped elsewhere # (members override SPARQL, but SPARQL extends to discovered descendants) if d in raw_qids and metro_map.get(d, d) == d: metro_map[d] = anchor n_added_sparql += 1 step(t0, f" {anchor} ({defn['name']}): {len(descs):,} descendants found, " f"{sum(1 for d in descs if d in raw_qids):,} matched raw QIDs") step(t0, f" added {n_added_sparql:,} SPARQL-discovered mappings") # Step 5: enforce DO_NOT_MERGE (force identity on these) n_forced = 0 for q in DO_NOT_MERGE: if q in metro_map and metro_map[q] != q: metro_map[q] = q n_forced += 1 step(t0, f" forced {n_forced:,} DO_NOT_MERGE QIDs back to identity") # Step 6: transitive close step(t0, "computing transitive closure") def resolve(q): seen = {q} while metro_map.get(q, q) != q and metro_map[q] not in seen: q = metro_map[q] seen.add(q) return q metro_map = {k: resolve(k) for k in metro_map} rewritten = sum(1 for k, v in metro_map.items() if k != v) targets = set(metro_map.values()) step(t0, f" total: {len(metro_map):,} entries, {rewritten:,} rewrites, " f"{len(targets):,} distinct metro targets") # Step 7: collect labels for everything step(t0, "fetching labels for all sources + targets") label_map = dict(base_labels) universe = set(metro_map.keys()) | set(metro_map.values()) missing = sorted(q for q in universe if q not in label_map or not label_map[q]) if missing: step(t0, f" fetching {len(missing):,} missing labels (batched)") label_map.update(labels_batch(missing)) # Step 8: dump out = { "metro_map": metro_map, "labels": label_map, "build_log": { "raw_csv": args.raw, "min_checkins": args.min_checkins, "raw_qids_considered": len(raw_qids), "rewritten_qids": rewritten, "distinct_metro_targets": len(targets), "metro_definitions": {a: d["name"] for a, d in METRO_DEFINITIONS.items()}, "do_not_merge": sorted(DO_NOT_MERGE), }, } out_path.write_text(json.dumps(out, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)) step(t0, f"wrote {out_path} ({out_path.stat().st_size/1024:.1f} KB)") # Quick sanity: top 20 raw QIDs and their assigned metro print("\nTop 20 raw QIDs and their metro assignment:") print(f" {'qid':10s} {'raw_label':25s} {'->target':10s} target_label") for q, n in big[:20]: target = metro_map.get(q, q) rl = label_map.get(q, '?')[:25] tl = label_map.get(target, '?')[:25] print(f" {q:10s} {rl:25s} -> {target:10s} {tl} ({n:,} CIs)") if __name__ == "__main__": main()